Index

Acoustic criteria: steel construction, 426–428 Ceramic tile, 291, 292, 916–919, 944–945 for interior fi nish systems, 875 construction, 121 Master Format section numbers, 919, 953 for ceilings, 927, 929 Bricks and brick masonry, see Masonry, Chimney, 256, 257, 274 Aerogel, 723–724 brick Cladding, see Aggregates, concrete, 522 Bridging, 176, 178, 181–184 Cladding systems, design of, 782–805 Air barrier, 222, 271–273, 653, 800–803 Building codes, and constraints on and building codes, 804–805 Air infi ltration and ventilation, 273, 800 building construction, 8–14 conceptual approaches to Air-supported structures, 475 Building separation joint, 397–398 watertightness, 790–794 Airtight drywall approach (ADA), interior fi nish system, 870, 871, 873 design requirements, 784–789 271–273 roofi ng system, 672 loadbearing and nonloadbearing, 799 Air-to-air heat exchanger, 273 sustainability, 789 Aluminum, surface fi nishes for, 845–846 Cabinets, 279–282 testing and standards, 802–804 Aluminum extrusions, 840–846 Cable net roof, 470–471 Cladding systems, masonry and concrete, Aluminum and glass curtain wall, Caissons, 56–58 810–837 742–745, 846–855 , fi nish, 273–287 brick veneer, 810–817, 834–837 MasterFormat section numbers, 546 Carpet, 951–952 exterior insulation and fi nish system sustainability, 845 Castellated beam, 464 (EIFS), 828–832 American National Standards Institute Cast iron, 412, 414, 415, 506 future directions of, 832 (ANSI), 15 Cavity wall, 379–384, 810–817 glass-fi ber-reinforced concrete American Society for Testing and Ceiling attenuation class (CAC), 927, 929 (GRFC), 824–828 Materials (ASTM), 15 Ceilings, 842–933 MasterFormat section numbers, 832 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), acoustical, 927–931, 840, 841, 845–849 precast concrete, 822–824 14–15 acoustical criteria, 927, 929 prefabricated brick panels, 816, 817 Arches: exposed structural and mechanical stone, 817–821 brick, 321–324 components, 149–150, 924–925 Cladding systems, metal and glass, concrete, 598–599 functions of, 924 839–866 heavy timber, 151–152, 154–155 interstitial, 933 aluminum panel system, 862, 863 steel, 469–470 linear metal, 932 curtainwall, 847 Articulation class (AC), 927, 929 MasterFormat section numbers, 953 curtainwall design, 784–789, 802–804, Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), 368 membrane fi re protection, 925, 866 COPYRIGHTED932 MATERIALdual-layered glass, 864–866 Backfi lling, 77–78 plaster, 926, 927 entrances and storefronts, 846–847 Balloon frame, 163–164 suspended, 925–932 expansion joints, 854, 862 Barrier wall, 790 sustainability, 934 framing systems, 846 Basement, 166–174 Ceiling attenuation class (CAC), 927, 929 MasterFormat section numbers, 866 Basement insulation, 77, 170–174 Cellular raceway, 935, 936 metal panels, 862, 863 insulating concrete forms (ICF), Cellular steel decking, 453, 454, 935–937 modes of assembly, 848–855 564–565 Cement: 301–302, 617–522 outside and inside glazing, 848–849 Basement waterproofi ng, 72–76, 166–169 blended hydraulic cement, 301 and rainscreen principle, 856 Base plates: hydraulic and nonhydraulic, 302 sloped glazing 863–864 precast concrete column, 626, 627 masonry cement, 301–302 sustainability, 845 steel column, 444–445 mortar cement, 302 thermal breaks, 844, 845 Bessemer process, 415 portland cement, 518–521 Classical orders, 352 Bolts: sustainability, 520 Coating systems, architectural, 234–237 concrete construction, 624–625 Ceramic, optical quality, 716 Codes, building, 8–14

989

JJWBK274_Allen_Index.inddWBK274_Allen_Index.indd 989989 110/30/080/30/08 55:35:04:35:04 AAMM 990 / Index

Cold-formed steel framing, 488–513 water-cement ratio, 524 ganged forms, 586 and building codes, 503 water for, 523 innovations, 583 framing procedures, 492–498 Concrete, precast, 610–648 insulating concrete forms (ICF), MasterFormat section numbers, 508 advantages in comparison to sitecast 564–565 metal thicknesses, 491 concrete, 612 joints in slabs, 559 and nonstructural metal framing, 499 assembly concepts for buildings, lift-slab construction, 586–587 preliminary design of, 502 616–617 longer spans, 598–601 sustainability, 491 beams and girders, 614–617, 620, 621, MasterFormat section numbers, 607 Columns, composite, 476 629–634, 646 one-way framing systems, 567–574 Combustibility of interior fi nish systems, and building codes, 638 one-way joist system, 571–574 875–877. See also Fire resistance carbon fi ber reinforcing, 620 one-way solid slab, 567–570 Concrete, 515–550 casting beds, 618–623 posttensioned framing systems, ACI 301, 550 columns, 614, 616, 621, 626–633, 581–583 admixtures, 523 641–643 preliminary design, 586 aggregates, 522–523 composite precast/sitecast reinforcing, see Concrete, reinforcing cement, 518–522 construction, 637 reshoring, 568–570 comparative structural properties, 529 concrete used for, 612 ribbed slab, 571–574 creep, 544 construction process, 638 selecting a framing system, 583–589 curing, 527–528 curtain wall panels, 648, 822–824 shell structures, 598–600 cutting, 593–597 double tees, 614, 616–619, 633–635 shotcrete, 587 fastening to, 624–625 fi ligree precast concrete, 637 skip-joist system, 573–574 formwork, 528–529 hollow box girder, 636 slab bands, 569, 570 handling and placing, 526–527 hollow-core slab, 389, 610, 613–614, slab on grade, crack control, 559 history, 516–517 616, 620–622, 630, 632, 635, 639, slab on grade, fi nishing, 557–558 hot and cold weather concreting, 642 slab on grade, superfl at, 558 527–528 insulated wall panel, 623 slip forming, 586–588 light transmitting, 549 joining precast elements, 623–637 stairs, 581 MasterFormat section numbers, 550 manufacture of precast elements, surface textures, 592 posttensioning, 545–548 617–623 tilt-up, 586, 588, 605 prestressing, 544–548 MasterFormat section numbers, 648 two-way fl at slab and fl at plate systems, pretensioning, 545 precast, prestressed structural 575–577, 581–583 proportioning mixes, 524–525 elements, 614–616 two-way framing systems, 575–581 pumping, 526, 527, 589 preliminary design, 615 two-way waffl e slab system, 578–581 reinforcing, 529–543 prestressing and reinforcing steel, 620 uniqueness, 602–606 reinforcing bars, fabrication and pretensioning, 617 wide-module joist system, 573–574 erection, 535 solid slab, 614 Concrete blocks, see Masonry, concrete reinforcing bar sizes, 530–531 stair, 640, 645 Condensation, 658–660 reinforcing bar splicers, 535 topping on slabs, 614, 626, 630, 633, and air barriers, 800, 803 reinforcing bar steel grades, 532 635 and curtain walls, 804 reinforcing chairs and bolsters, transportation, 612 and glazing, 721, 727 537–538 uniqueness of, 643 and light steel frame reinforcing concept, 529 wall panels, 615–617, 620, 623, construction, 491, 503 reinforcing columns, 542–543, 569 638–640 and roofs, 226–230, 655 reinforcing a continuous beam, 539 weld plates, 619, 631–634 and sloped glazing, 863–864 reinforcing, fi brous, 543 Concrete, sitecast: 552–607 and windows, 753, 762, 776 reinforcing a simple beam, 536–537 architectural, 589–592 Control joint, see Joints reinforcing, standard hooks, 534 and building codes, 601–602 Controlled low-strength material, 77–78 reinforcing structural slabs, 540–541 casting a column, 565–566 Corbel, 320, 321, 331 reinforcing, welded wire (WWR), casting a slab on grade, 555–559 Corner boards and trim, 243, 248–251 562–533 casting a wall, 560–565 Corrosion: segregation, 526 climbing formwork, 570, 588 of architectural metals, 505–508, 690 self-consolidating concrete (SCC), 527 consolidation, 526, 557, 561–562 of concrete reinforcing steel, 522, 523, slump test, 524–525 designing economical sitecast 529, 532, 536, 548 strength, 524, 529 buildings, 601 galvanic, 698–700 supplementary cementitious materials, exposed aggregate fi nish, 589, 590, of structural steel alloys, 418 523 592 and wood chemical treatments, 117 sustainability, 520–521 fl ying formwork, 586, 587 of wood fasteners and connectors, 118, test cylinder, 524–526 folded plate structures, 598–601 121, 122, 238, 242, 251 ultra-high performance concrete form ties, 561–563 Costs, life-cycle, 4, (UHPC), 548–549 formwork, 528–529 Cranes, 446, 447

JJWBK274_Allen_Index.inddWBK274_Allen_Index.indd 990990 110/30/080/30/08 55:35:04:35:04 AAMM Index / 991

Cruck frame, 137 and roofi ng, 692–695 brick and brick pavers, 372, 941–943 Curtain wall, see Cladding systems and structural insulated panels, 124 carpet and carpet tile, 951–952 Cutting concrete, stone, and masonry, and thermal insulation, 263, 658 ceramic tile, 291–292, 944–945 593–597 and wood light frame construction, concrete, 940 166, 209, 222, 263–273 fi re resistance, 877 Dampproofi ng: Excavation, 167, 169, 38–51 functions of, 934 foundation, 73, 166 Excavation support, 39–50 hard, 940–940–949 masonry cavity wall, 380 Expanded metal , 246, 892–894 MasterFormat section numbers, 953 Deck, exterior wood, 250, 251 Expansion of materials, coeffi cient of quarry tile, 941, 942, 944, 945 Densities of building materials, 956 thermal, 395, 956 raised access, 935, 938, 939 Dewatering, 50–51 Expansion joint, see Joints resilient, 950–951 Diamond cutting tools, 593–597 Exterior fi nishes for wood light frame selection criteria, 875–879 Domes: construction, 220–252 and skid resistance, 940 brick, 324, 325 MasterFormat section numbers, 251 stone, 371, 372, 941, 943 concrete, 598–600 Exterior walls, see Cladding; Siding sustainability, 874, 934 steel, 469, 470 Extrusions, aluminum, 840–846 terrazzo, 942–943, 946 wood, 154, 155 thickness, 953 Door frames, hollow steel, 772–774 Fabric structures, 472–475 wood, 292, 946–949 Doors, 277–278, 769–775 panels, 109 Floor underlayment, gypsum, 290–291 egress and accessible doors, 774–775 Fiberboard sheathing, 115 Flying formwork, 586–587 fi re doors, 774 Fill, engineered, 52 Folded plate, concrete, 598–601 modes of operation, 770 Finish carpentry, 273–289 Footings, 52–55, 168, 169, 565 residential, 232, 233, 277–278 Finish ceilings and fl oors, 273, 290–292, Foundations, 28–81, 166–174 steel, 772–774 922–953 and building codes, 80 wood, 769–772, 778 Fire barriers and fi re partitions, 878, 884 cantilevered, 55 Downspout, 225 Fireblocking of concealed spaces, 885 combined, 55 Drywall, see Gypsum board Fire damper, 878, 932 deep, 56–66 Fire doors, 774 designing, 79–80 Earth materials, 31–37 Fireplaces, 274–276 fl oating, 54, 55 for building foundations, 33–34 Fire resistance ratings, 9–14. See also insulation, 77, 166, 170–171, 173, 174 cohesive, 33 Combustibility loads, 30 drainage characteristics, 34 of brick and concrete block, 404 MasterFormat section numbers, 81 frictional, 31 of glass, 715–716 mat or raft, 54, 55 grading, 34 of heavy timber, 156 permanent wood, 166, 174 loadbearing capacity, 33 of interior fi nishes, 875–877 requirements, 30 properties, 31–33 of interior walls, ceilings, and fl oors, seismic base isolation, 66 stability, 33 877–878, 884 settlement, 30–31 subsurface exploration and testing, of roofs, 697 shallow, 52–55 34–37 Firestopping, 164, 804, 872 shallow frost-protected, 77 types, 31 Fire wall, 14, 212–214, 273, 404–405, 884 sloping site, 54 Uniform Soil Classifi cation System, 32 Flame-spread rating, 875–876 sustainability, 38 Earth reinforcing, 70, 71 Flashing: underpinning, 66–67 Effl orescence, 378, 403 masonry veneer curtain wall, 810, 811, up-down construction, 78–79 EIFS, 828–832 813, 815, 836 waterproofi ng and drainage, 72–77 Electrical wiring, 263, 870–872, 87 masonry wall, 349, 351, 383, 390–392 Framing , 198–200, 204, 205 934–939 MasterFormat section numbers, 251, From Concept to Reality: Energy effi ciency, 5–7 407, 701 An Enclosure for a Residential and air leakage, 800 metal types, comparative, 508–507 Swimming Pool, 131–133 and carbon fi ber reinforced precast roofi ng, low-slope, 670–674 Camera Obscura at Mitchell Park, concrete, 620 roofi ng, steep, 223, 224, 681, 682 510–513 and doors and windows, 765, 769, 776, step, 328, 682 Seattle University School of Law, 777 synthetic rubber types, comparative, 834–837 and exterior wall systems, 785–786, 759 Skating Rink at Yerba Buena Gardens, 804, 805 and watertightness, 790 742–745 and glass, 736–738 window and door, 233–233, 765 Furring, 239, 387, 388, 394, 395, 885, and insulated precast concrete wall Z-, for siding, 241 888, 889 panels, 623 Floors, 290–292, 934–953 and insulating concrete forms, 565 acoustic criteria and noise reduction, Galvanic series for metals, 698–699 and light gauge steel frame 875, 940 Gaskets, lockstrip, 725–727 construction, 491, 502–503 bamboo, 949 Geotextiles, 71

JJWBK274_Allen_Index.inddWBK274_Allen_Index.indd 991991 110/30/080/30/08 55:35:04:35:04 AAMM 992 / Index

GFRC, 824–828 double, 721 fi re-resistive, 140–149 Glass, 708–724 gaskets, 725–727 fl oor and roof decks, 149–151 antirefl ective, 723 large lights, 724–733 historical evolution of, 136–139 art, 723 MasterFormat section numbers, 739 longer spans in, 150–155 blown, 708–710 plastic sheets, 723 MasterFormat section numbers, 159 and building codes, 738 slope, 863–865 preliminary design, 156 chemically strengthened, 714–715 small lights, 724 sustainability, 141 chromogenic (property-changing), structural, 728–731 uniqueness of, 156–158 722–723 suspended, 708, 729, 732, 733, 737 wood shrinkage in, 141, 145 colored, 723 tapes, 725, 727 Height and area limitations, building comparative properties, 722 triple, 721 code, 9–14 crown, 708–710 Glue-laminated wood, 102–104 Hose stream test, 878 cylinder, 708–710 Grade beam, 54, 60, 61 Housewrap, 222, 223, 232 drawn, 710 Green building, 4–8 Humidity, relative, 658–659 electrochromic (switchable), 723 Green roofs, 695–696 and energy, 736–738 Grouting, high- and low-lift, 326, 364 Ice and water shield, 227 fi re-rated, 715–716 Gutters, 224, 225, 671 Ice barrier, 227, 228 fl oat, 710, 711 Gypsum, 885, 889, 890 Ice damming, 226, 227 fritted, 716, 717 in portland cement, 518 I-joists, wood, 124, 126, 182, 195 gasochromic, 723 sustainability, 890 Impact insulation class (IIC), 875 heat-strengthened, 713 Gypsum board, 868, 904–915, 918 Insulation, acoustic batts, 875, 901, heat-treated, 712–713 as an air barrier, 271–273, 800, 801 913–915 history, 708–710 bending, 906–908 Insulation, thermal, 263–271, 654–663 ingredients, 710 fi nishing, 908–912 comparative material properties, 264, insulating, 721, 722 in fi re-resistance rated construction, 662 laminated, 713–714 13, 460, 462, 503, 905 increasing levels of, 266–270 leaded, 734–736 in fi re walls, 212, 213 installation, 245, 265–267 light to solar gain ratio (LSG), 719, 722 installing, 907–908 foundation, 77, 170, 171, 173 low-emissivity, 721–722 as interior fi nish in wood light frame MasterFormat section numbers, 293 MasterFormat section numbers, 739 construction, 272 and vapor retarder, 658–661 optical-quality ceramic, 716 levels of fi nish, 910, 911 Interior fi nishes for wood light frame patterned, 723 manufacture, 904 construction, 254–293 photochromic, 722–723 MasterFormat section numbers, 919 MasterFormat section numbers, 293 photovoltaic, 723 and nail popping, 906, 907 Interior fi nish systems: plate, 710 partition systems, 912–915 ceilings and fl oors, 922–953 radiation-shielding, 723 resistance to fi re, 889 interior walls and partitions, 882–919 refl ective coated, 719–720 sheathing, 492, 503, 812, 815, 819 MasterFormat section numbers, 293, self-cleaning, 722 sustainability, 890 919, 953 shading coeffi cient, 719 trim accessories, 908, 909 relationship to mechanical and silkscreened, 716 types, 904–906 electrical services, 256, 870–872, 879 solar heat gain coeffi cient (SHGC), veneer plaster base (lath), 892, 894 selection criteria, 875–879 717, 719, 7222 Gypsum lath, 892, 894 sequence of operations, 256, 872–874 spandrel, 716 Gypsum plaster, 885, 889, 891 sustainability, 874, 890, 934–935 stained, 723 trends in, 879–880 structural, 723 Halftimbering, 136, 137 for wood light frame construction, sustainability, 712 and , 86–89 254–293 tempered, 713 HDO (high-density overlay) plywood, Interior walls and partitions, 882–919 thermochromic, 722–723 109, 112 MasterFormat section numbers, 919 thicknesses, 712 Heating and cooling: International Building Code (IBC), 9 tinted, 716–719 forced air, 256, 260, 261, 870–872 International Residential Code (IRC), 14 U-factor, 721, 722 hydronic 256, 261, 262 Iron, cast, 412, 414, 415, 506 visible light transmittance (VT), radiant, 256, 262 Iron, wrought, 412, 414, 506 716–717, 722 Heavy timber frame construction, wired, 716 134–159, 386 Joints, 396–399 Glass blocks, 368, 370 anchorage of beams in, 142, 144–146, and air leakage, 800–802 Glazing, 724–738 148 concrete slab on grade, 168, 559 advanced systems, 728–733 bracing, lateral, 149 detailing of, 398–399 aerogel-fi lled, 723–724 and building codes, 140–145, 156 fi nish cover for, 873 bite, 724–725 combustible buildings framed with, locations in masonry walls, 399–402, butt-joint, 728–729 149 814

JJWBK274_Allen_Index.inddWBK274_Allen_Index.indd 992992 110/30/080/30/08 55:35:05:35:05 AAMM Index / 993

masonry veneer curtain wall, 812, 813 Mantels, 285, 290 Masonry walls, 376–407 metal and glass curtain wall, 854, 862 Manufactured homes, 124–127 cavity, 380–384 sealing of, 795–799 Masonry: composite, 378, 380 Joist girders, steel, 424, 425, 450, 454 and building codes, 404–405 expansion and contraction, 395 cold- and hot-weather construction, fi re resistance, 404 Lateral stability, structural: 404 in fi re-resistive Heavy Timber in heavy timber construction, 149 comparative physical properties of Construction, 140–146 in light gauge steel frame masonry materials, 384 fl ashings and drainage, 383, 390–392 construction, 496, 498 effl orescence, 378, 403 insulation, thermal, 393–395 in precast concrete framing systems, history, 298–301 joint reinforcing, 378–381, 395 623, 627 mortar, 301–303 joints, 399–402 in sitecast concrete construction, 583 mortar joint deterioration, 403 loadbearing, 384, 387–389 in steel frame construction, 435, 436 preliminary design, 386 moisture resistance, 405–404 in wood light frame construction, 166, uniqueness, 405 preliminary design, 386 185–188, 191–193 Masonry, brick 304–333 reinforced, 384–386 Lathing: ASTM classifi cation of bricks, 310 sound transmission class, 404 interior plaster, 892–894 bonds, 313, 314 spanning systems, 386–389 exterior stucco, 246 choosing bricks, 310–311 ties, 379 Leads for masonry walls, 315–317, comparative structural properties, 405 unreinforced, 378 361–363 custom brick shapes, 308, 309 MasterFormat, 16 LEED, 6–7 dimensioning, 318 MDF (medium-density fi berboard), 109 Lewises, 349 fi ring of bricks, 305–308 MDO (medium-density overlay) plywood, Life-cycle costs, 4 laying bricks, 312–319 109, 112 Lift-slab, concrete, 586–587 MasterFormat section numbers, 333 Mechanical and electrical services, Light-gauge steel frame construction, of bricks, 304–306 installing, 256–263, 870–872 488–508 mortar joints, 318, 319 exposed services, 150, 924–925 advantages and disadvantages, 502–503 reinforced (RBM), 326 Metals, dissimilar and the galvanic series, and building codes, 503 sizes of bricks, 308–309 698–700 components, 490, 492 spanning openings, 320–325 Metals in architecture, 505–508 concept, 490–492 sustainability, 304 Metric conversions, 957 fi nishes for, 503 terminology, 312 Mill construction, 140, 141, 386 framing procedures, 492–498 weathering regions, 310, 311 Millwork, AWI grades, 273 MasterFormat section numbers, 508 Masonry, concrete Millwork and fi nish carpentry, 273–290 other common uses, 499–502 ASTM classifi cation of concrete blocks, Minimum critical radiant fl ux exposure, preliminary design, 502 358, 359 877 sustainability, 491 autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), Modular home, 126–127 thicknesses of members, 491 368 Moldings, 273, 279, 280, 285, 287 Linoleum, 950 decorative concrete blocks, 365–367 Mortar, 301–303 Lintels, 320, 365 dimensioning, modular, 360 ASTM Types, 302 , 92–102. See also Wood economy of, 368 cement types for, 301, 302 defects, 96–98 glass blocks, 368 hydration, 302–303 dimensions, 101–102 laying concrete blocks, 361–365 ingredients, 301–302 glue-laminated wood, 102–104 manufacture of concrete masonry lime mortar, 302 grading, 98 units, 358–360 mixes, 302, 303 plastic, 106–107 MasterFormat section numbers, 333 Mortar joints: 318–319 sawing, 92–93 reinforcing, 362, 364 in concrete masonry, 362 seasoning, 93–96 shapes and sizes, 358, 359 deterioration, 403 structural composite, 104, 105 structural glazed facing tiles, 368 profi les, 319 structural properties, 98–101 structural terra cotta, 368 repointing, 403 surfacing, 96 sustainability, 350–351 in stone masonry, 350 wood-plastic composite (WPC), 104 Masonry, stone, 338–357 thickness, 318 LSL (laminated strand lumber), 104, 105 comparative physical properties of tooling, 318 LVL (), 104, 105 stone, 347 tuckpointing, 403 MasterFormat section numbers, 373 Movement joints, see Joints Making buildings, 2–23 quarrying and of stone, Mud slab, 78 choosing building systems, 8–15 341–346 constructing buildings, 16–23 stonework, 347–351 Nails, 117–120, 178, 180 MasterFormat section numbers, 23 sustainability, 350–351 exterior siding, 238, 242 standards and information resources, types of stone, 338–341 in fi nish carpentry, 279 15–16 Masonry paving patterns, 372 National Building Code of Canada, 9

JJWBK274_Allen_Index.inddWBK274_Allen_Index.indd 993993 110/30/080/30/08 55:35:05:35:05 AAMM 994 / Index

Needling, 67 Plywood, 107–115 details, asphalt shingle, 681–683 Noise reduction coeffi cient (NRC), 927 Poke-through fi ttings, 935, 938 details, eaves and rakes, 223, 224 Precast concrete, see Concrete, precast drainage, 225 Occupational Safety and Health Act Pressure-equalized wall design, see eaves and rakes, 222–224 (OSHA), 15 Rainscreen cladding ice barrier (ice and water shield), 228 Open-web steel joists (OWSJs), 388, 424, PSL (parallel strand lumber), 104, 105 ice dams, 226 425, 450, 451, 454, 458 overhangs, 225–226 Ordinary construction, 386, 387, 352, 353 Quoins, 330 roll roofi ng, 680, 684 OSB (), 109 slate, 684 OSL (oriented strand lumber), 104, 105 R-value, 658 thatch, 653 of common insulation materials, 264 tiles, clay and concrete, 684–685 and coatings, 234–237 of rigid insulation materials for underlayment, 222, 223, 227 Panelized construction, 124 roofi ng, 662 unventilated, 227–230 Panels, wood, 107–115, 124–125 Radiant barriers, 271 ventilated, 224, 226–228 fi berboard, 109 Rainscreen cladding, 790–794 wood shakes, 678–680 , 115 conceptual approaches to wood shingles, 678, 680, 697 , 115 watertightness, 790–791 Room fi re growth contribution, 876 oriented strand board, 109 pressure-equalization at smaller scale, RSI-value, 658. See also R-value particleboard, 109 794 Rubberized underlayment, 227 plywood, 107–112 use in metal panel cladding, 792, 793 Rubber, synthetic, 758, 759 prefabricated components, 124–125 use in wood siding, 239–240 specifying, 112–115 RBM, see Masonry, brick, reinforced Safi ng, 805 Parapet , 673, 674 Relative humidity, 658–659 Screw slots and screw ports, 840, 843, 844 Parapet fl ashing, 390, 673 Retaining walls, 68–70 Screws, wood and lag, 120–121 Partitions, 884–919 Rivets, 425 Sealants and sealant joints, 795–799 ceramic tile, 916–919 Rock anchors, 46, 50 in exterior fi nishes for wood light demountable, 912, 914 Roofi ng, 222–230, 650–701 frame construction, 251 framing, 885 and building codes, 697 gunnable, 796 gypsum board, 904–915 cool, 693–695 joint design, 798, 799 masonry, 888, 889, 916 green, 695–696 MasterFormat section numbers, 895 plaster, 885–901 MasterFormat section numbers, 251, solid, 797 stone, 918, 918 701 Seismic base isolation, 66 types, 884–885 photovoltaic, 696 Shaft walls, 870, 884, 915 Piles, 58–65 resistance to fi re, 697 fi re-resistance requirements for, 877, Pill test, 877 sustainability, 692–696 878 Plaster and plastering, 885–903 Roofi ng, low-slope, 653–677 Shallow frost-protected footings, 77 gypsum, 885, 889, 891 ballasting and traffi c decks, 669 Shear walls: on gypsum lath, 896–898 built-up roof (BUR), 665 in steel frame construction, 435, 436 history, 885 decks, 653–654 in wood light frame construction, lathing, 892–894 details, 670–675 185–188, 191–193 on masonry, 897–898, 816, 817 drainage, 653–654, 6674 Sheeting, sheet piling, 28, 40, 41 on metal lath, 894–897 fl uid-applied membranes, 668–669 bracing of, 46 ornament, 902–903 hybrid membrane, 667 Shotcrete, 587 partition systems, 900, 901 insulation, 654–664 slope support, 40, 41 portland cement (stucco), 246, 247, membranes for, 665–669 Siding, 238–248 891, 898–901 modifi ed bitumen membrane, artifi cial stone, 247 resistance to fi re, 889 665–667 board, 238–241 textures, 897 protected membrane, 656–657 fi ber-cement panel, 247–248 trim accessories, 894, 895 single-ply membrane, 667–668 masonry veneer, 246, 247 veneer, 896, 898–900 structural metal panel, 676, 677 metal and plastic, 243, 245, 246 Plastic glazing sheets, 723 vapor retarders, 658–661, 664 plywood, 241–242 Plastic lumber, 106–107 ventilation, 654–656 rainscreen, 239 Plastics in building construction, Roofi ng, steep, 222–230, 653, 678–691 shingle, 242–245, 249, 697 758–761 architectural sheet metal, 686–691 stucco, 246–247 Platform frame, wood, 164–208. See also asphalt shingles, 228, 230, 680–683 Slab on grade, concrete, 54, 555–559 Wood light frame construction composition shingles, see asphalt Slope support, 39–50 basic concept, 164–166 shingles Slurry wall, 42–44, 47, 49, 50 Plumbing: decks, 678 Smoke barriers and smoke partitions, commercial, 870–872 details, architectural sheet metal, 804–805 residential, 256–259 687–689 Smoke-developed rating, 875–876

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Soil mixing, 44–45 Steel framing, light-gauge, see Light Up-down construction, 78–79 Soil nailing, 46 gauge steel frame construction; Soils, see Earth materials Partitions Vapor barrier, see Vapor retarder Soldier beams and lagging, 40 Steel studs, 490–491, 885–887 Vapor retarder, 658–661 Sound transmission class (STC), 875 Steiner tunnel test, 875 with concrete slab on grade, 555–557 of gypsum board partitions, 913, 915 Stone: in low-slope roofi ng, 664 of masonry walls, 404 cladding, 817–821 in wood light frame construction, 271 of plaster partitions, 900, 901 fl ooring, 371, 372, 941, 943 Vault, 300, 324 Space frame, 467–469 interior facings, 918, 919 Veneer plaster, 896, 898–900 Spray-applied fi re-resistive materials masonry, see Masonry, stone Veneers, wood, 107–115 (SFRM), 460–463 Stucco, 246, 247, 898–901 Vent spacers, 226, 227 Stains, 234–235 Subsurface exploration, 34–37 Stairs, concrete, 581 Superstructure, substructure, and Wall, curtain, see Cladding systems Stairs, precast concrete, 640, 645 foundation, 52 Walls, interior, see Partitions Stairs, residential fi nish, 283–286, 288–289 Sustainability, introduction, 4–8 Waterproofi ng and drainage, 72–76 proportioning, 288–289 MasterFormat section numbers, 81 shop-built, 283, 285 Tensile structures, 471–476 Water repellents, masonry, 404 site-built, 283, 284, 286 Terra cotta, structural, 368 Waterstop, 75–76 terminology, 283 Terrazzo, 942–943, 946 Water vapor and condensation, 658–661 Static coeffi cient of friction (SCOF), 940 Thermal break: Welding: Steel frame construction, 410–485 in aluminum and steel window frames, architectural metals, 506 arches, 469,470 753, 755, 762 structural steel, 428–430 architectural structural steel, 458 in aluminum extrusions, 844–845 Windows, 230–233, 748–769, 775–777 and the building codes, 478 in insulating glass unit spacers, 721 Wood, 84–133 castellated beam, 464 in light gauge steel frame adhesives, 122–124 cast steel, 424 construction, 502 chemical treatments, 115–117 cold-worked steel, 424 Thermal expansion of materials, fasteners, 117–123 column base details, 444, 445 coeffi cient of, 395, 956 glue-laminated, 102–104 comparative structural properties, 478 Thermal resistance, R, 658. See also heavy timber frame construction, composite construction, 455–456, 476 R-value 134–159 connections, 431–440 Thermoplastic and thermosetting lumber, see Lumber construction process, 441–458 materials, 758, 760 manufactured building components, decking, 453–458, 936 single-ply roof membranes, 667–668 124–127 erector, 444–452 Tiles, ceramic, 291, 292, 916–919, MasterFormat section numbers, 127 fabricator, 441–444 944–945 panel products, 107–115 fi reproofi ng, 459–463 MasterFormat section numbers, 919, plastic lumber, 106–107 framing plan, 441 953 sustainability, 90–91 history, 412, 414 Tiles, quarry, 941, 942, 944, 945 trees, see Trees improved beams, 464–465 Tiles, structural glazed clay, 368 types of construction, 127 industrialized systems, 476, 478 Timber connectors, 121, 147 Wood light frame construction, 160–218 joining steel members, 425–430 Timber frame construction, see Heavy attaching to foundation, 180–181 joists, open-web steel (OWSJs), 388, timber frame construction balloon frame, 163 424, 425, 450, 451, 454, 458 Toothed plate connectors, 121, 122, 125 and the building codes, 212–214 lateral stability of the, 435–436 Toxic emissions from interior materials, erecting the frame, 177–180 longer spans, 464–471 879 exterior fi nishes for, 220–252 manufacture, 415–418 Trees, 86–92, 106–107 fl oor framing, 181–184 MasterFormat section numbers, 485 : foundations for, 166166–174 plate girders, 464, 465 heavy timber, 134, 144, 151–153 framing for increased thermal preliminary design, 417 light gauge steel, 492, 501 effi ciency, 209 rigid frames, 464, 465 sitecast concrete, 598, 599 framing for optimal lumber usage, shear and moment connections, steel, structural, 466–469 210–212 436–439 wood light frame, 124, 125, 210, 211, history, 163–164 staggered , 457 212 interior fi nishes for, 254–293 steel, 414–418 manufactured homes, 124–127 steel alloys, 418 Underfl oor services, 934–939 MasterFormat section numbers, 218 structural shapes, 418–424 Underlayment, fl ooring, 115, 109, 260, modular homes, 126–127 sustainability, 477 290, 950, 951 panelized construction, 124 tensile structures, 471–476 Underlayment, roofi ng, 222, 227 planning the frame, 175–176 trusses, 466–469 Underpinning, 66, 67 platform frame, 164–166 uniqueness, 478–484 Unit conversions, 957 prefabricated components, 124–127

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Wood light frame construction, Windows, 748–768 sustainability, 760 160–218 (cont’d) frame materials, 752–762 testing and standards, 765–768 preliminary design, 212 glazing, 762–764 types, 748–752 roof framing, 198–208 installation, 765–768 U-factors, comparative, 765 sustainability, 166 MasterFormat section numbers, Wrought iron, 412, 414, 506 uniqueness, 214–217 779 wall framing, 185–197 safety considerations, 775 Zoning ordinances, 8

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