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Beta--1 (pS412) Antibody Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab) Catalog # AP50996

Specification

Beta-arrestin-1 (pS412) Antibody - Beta-arrestin-1 (pS412) Antibody - Product Background Information Functions in regulating agonist-mediated Application WB, IHC-P, E G- coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by Primary Accession P49407 mediating both receptor desensitization and Reactivity Human, Mouse, resensitization processes. During homologous Rat desensitization, beta- bind to the Host Rabbit GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically Clonality Polyclonal preclude its coupling to the cognate G- protein; Calculated MW 50 KDa the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the

Beta-arrestin-1 (pS412) Antibody - Additional active receptor conformation. The Information beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin-associated sorting ) ID 408 and recruiting the GPRCs to the adapter Other Names protein 2 complex 2 (AP-2) in clathrin-coated Beta-arrestin-1, Arrestin beta-1, ARRB1, pits (CCPs). However, the extent of ARR1 beta-arrestin involvement appears to vary significantly depending on the receptor, Format agonist and cell type. Internalized 0.01M PBS, pH 7.2, 0.1% Sodium azide, arrestin-receptor complexes traffic to Glycerol 50% intracellular endosomes, where they remain uncoupled from G-proteins. Two different Storage modes of arrestin-mediated internalization Store at -20 °C.Stable for 12 months from occur. Class A receptors, like ADRB2, OPRM1, date of receipt ENDRA, D1AR and ADRA1B dissociate from beta- arrestin at or near the plasma membrane and undergo rapid recycling. Class B receptors, Beta-arrestin-1 (pS412) Antibody - Protein like AVPR2, AGTR1, NTSR1, TRHR and TACR1 Information internalize as a complex with arrestin and traffic with it to endosomal vesicles, Name ARRB1 presumably as desensitized receptors, for extended periods of time. Receptor Synonyms ARR1 resensitization then requires that receptor-bound arrestin is removed so that the Function receptor can be dephosphorylated and Functions in regulating agonist-mediated returned to the plasma membrane. Involved in G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling internalization of P2RY4 and UTP-stimulated by mediating both receptor desensitization internalization of P2RY2. Involved in and resensitization processes. During phosphorylation-dependent internalization of homologous desensitization, beta- arrestins OPRD1 ands subsequent recycling. Involved in bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor the degradation of cAMP by recruiting cAMP and sterically preclude its coupling to the phosphodiesterases to ligand-activated cognate G-protein; the binding appears to receptors. Beta-arrestins function as require additional receptor determinants multivalent adapter proteins that can switch exposed only in the active receptor the GPCR from a G-protein signaling mode that

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conformation. The beta-arrestins target transmits short-lived signals from the plasma many receptors for internalization by acting membrane via small molecule second as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin- messengers and ion channels to a associated sorting proteins) and recruiting beta-arrestin signaling mode that transmits a the GPRCs to the adapter protein 2 complex distinct set of signals that are initiated as the 2 (AP-2) in clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). receptor internalizes and transits the However, the extent of beta-arrestin intracellular compartment. Acts as signaling involvement appears to vary significantly scaffold for MAPK pathways such as MAPK1/3 depending on the receptor, agonist and cell (ERK1/2). ERK1/2 activated by the beta- type. Internalized arrestin-receptor arrestin scaffold is largely excluded from the complexes traffic to intracellular nucleus and confined to cytoplasmic locations endosomes, where they remain uncoupled such as endocytic vesicles, also called from G-proteins. Two different modes of beta-arrestin signalosomes. Recruits c-Src/SRC arrestin- mediated internalization occur. to ADRB2 resulting in ERK activation. GPCRs Class A receptors, like ADRB2, OPRM1, ENDRA, D1AR and ADRA1B dissociate from for which the beta-arrestin- mediated signaling beta-arrestin at or near the plasma relies on both ARRB1 and ARRB2 (codependent membrane and undergo rapid recycling. regulation) include ADRB2, F2RL1 and PTH1R. Class B receptors, like AVPR2, AGTR1, For some GPCRs the beta-arrestin-mediated NTSR1, TRHR and TACR1 internalize as a signaling relies on either ARRB1 or ARRB2 and complex with arrestin and traffic with it to is inhibited by the other respective endosomal vesicles, presumably as beta-arrestin form (reciprocal regulation). desensitized receptors, for extended Inhibits ERK1/2 signaling in AGTR1- and periods of time. Receptor resensitization AVPR2-mediated activation (reciprocal then requires that receptor-bound arrestin regulation). Is required for SP-stimulated is removed so that the receptor can be endocytosis of NK1R and recruits c-Src/SRC to dephosphorylated and returned to the internalized NK1R resulting in ERK1/2 plasma membrane. Involved in activation, which is required for the internalization of P2RY4 and UTP-stimulated antiapoptotic effects of SP. Is involved in internalization of P2RY2. Involved in proteinase-activated F2RL1-mediated ERK phosphorylation-dependent internalization activity. Acts as signaling scaffold for the AKT1 of OPRD1 ands subsequent recycling. pathway. Is involved in alpha- Involved in the degradation of cAMP by thrombin-stimulated AKT1 signaling. Is recruiting cAMP phosphodiesterases to involved in IGF1-stimulated AKT1 signaling ligand- activated receptors. Beta-arrestins leading to increased protection from apoptosis. function as multivalent adapter proteins Involved in activation of the p38 MAPK that can switch the GPCR from a G-protein signaling pathway and in actin bundle signaling mode that transmits short-lived formation. Involved in F2RL1-mediated signals from the plasma membrane via cytoskeletal rearrangement and chemotaxis. small molecule second messengers and ion channels to a beta-arrestin signaling mode Involved in AGTR1-mediated stress fiber that transmits a distinct set of signals that formation by acting together with GNAQ to are initiated as the receptor internalizes activate RHOA. Appears to function as and transits the intracellular compartment. signaling scaffold involved in regulation of Acts as signaling scaffold for MAPK MIP-1-beta-stimulated CCR5-dependent pathways such as MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2). chemotaxis. Involved in attenuation of ERK1/2 activated by the beta-arrestin NF-kappa-B-dependent transcription in scaffold is largely excluded from the response to GPCR or cytokine stimulation by nucleus and confined to cytoplasmic interacting with and stabilizing CHUK. May locations such as endocytic vesicles, also serve as nuclear messenger for GPCRs. called beta-arrestin signalosomes. Recruits Involved in OPRD1- stimulated transcriptional c-Src/SRC to ADRB2 resulting in ERK regulation by translocating to CDKN1B and FOS activation. GPCRs for which the promoter regions and recruiting EP300 beta-arrestin-mediated signaling relies on resulting in acetylation of histone H4. Involved both ARRB1 and ARRB2 (codependent in regulation of LEF1 transcriptional activity via regulation) include ADRB2, F2RL1 and interaction with DVL1 and/or DVL2 Also PTH1R. For some GPCRs the involved in regulation of receptors other than

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beta-arrestin-mediated signaling relies on GPCRs. Involved in Toll-like receptor and IL-1 either ARRB1 or ARRB2 and is inhibited by receptor signaling through the interaction with the other respective beta-arrestin form TRAF6 which prevents TRAF6 (reciprocal regulation). Inhibits ERK1/2 autoubiquitination and oligomerization signaling in AGTR1- and AVPR2- mediated required for activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN. activation (reciprocal regulation). Is Binds phosphoinositides. Binds required for SP- stimulated endocytosis of inositolhexakisphosphate (InsP6) (By NK1R and recruits c-Src/SRC to internalized similarity). Involved in IL8-mediated granule NK1R resulting in ERK1/2 activation, which release in neutrophils. Required for atypical is required for the antiapoptotic effects of chemokine receptor ACKR2- induced SP. Is involved in proteinase-activated RAC1-LIMK1-PAK1-dependent phosphorylation F2RL1- mediated ERK activity. Acts as of cofilin (CFL1) and for the up-regulation of signaling scaffold for the AKT1 pathway. Is ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell involved in alpha-thrombin-stimulated AKT1 membrane, increasing its efficiency in signaling. Is involved in IGF1-stimulated AKT1 signaling leading to increased chemokine uptake and degradation. Involved protection from apoptosis. Involved in in the internalization of the atypical chemokine activation of the p38 MAPK signaling receptor ACKR3. pathway and in actin bundle formation. Involved in F2RL1-mediated cytoskeletal Beta-arrestin-1 (pS412) Antibody - rearrangement and chemotaxis. Involved in References AGTR1-mediated stress fiber formation by acting together with GNAQ to activate Parruti G.,et al.J. Biol. Chem. RHOA. Appears to function as signaling 268:9753-9761(1993). scaffold involved in regulation of Yu Q.M.,et al.Submitted (AUG-1998) to the MIP-1-beta- stimulated CCR5-dependent EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. chemotaxis. Involved in attenuation of NF- Kaighin V.A.,et al.Submitted (OCT-2008) to the kappa-B-dependent transcription in EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. response to GPCR or cytokine stimulation Mural R.J.,et al.Submitted (JUL-2005) to the by interacting with and stabilizing CHUK. EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. May serve as nuclear messenger for GPCRs. Aragay A.M.,et al.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. Involved in OPRD1-stimulated 95:2985-2990(1998). transcriptional regulation by translocating to CDKN1B and FOS promoter regions and recruiting EP300 resulting in acetylation of histone H4. Involved in regulation of LEF1 transcriptional activity via interaction with DVL1 and/or DVL2 Also involved in regulation of receptors other than GPCRs. Involved in Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling through the interaction with TRAF6 which prevents TRAF6 autoubiquitination and oligomerization required for activation of NF- kappa-B and JUN. Binds phosphoinositides. Binds inositolhexakisphosphate (InsP6) (By similarity). Involved in IL8- mediated granule release in neutrophils. Required for atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2-induced RAC1-LIMK1-PAK1-dependent phosphorylation of cofilin (CFL1) and for the up-regulation of ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. Involved in the internalization of the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3.

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Negatively regulates the NOTCH signaling pathway by mediating the ubiquitination and degradation of NOTCH1 by ITCH. Participates in the recruitment of the ubiquitin- protein ligase to the receptor (PubMed:23886940).

Cellular Location Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cell membrane. Membrane, clathrin-coated pit. Cell projection, pseudopodium. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Note=Translocates to the plasma membrane and colocalizes with antagonist-stimulated GPCRs. The monomeric form is predominantly located in the nucleus. The oligomeric form is located in the cytoplasm. Translocates to the nucleus upon stimulation of OPRD1 (By similarity).

Beta-arrestin-1 (pS412) Antibody - Protocols

Provided below are standard protocols that you may find useful for product applications.

• Western Blot • Blocking Peptides • Dot Blot • Immunohistochemistry • Immunofluorescence • Immunoprecipitation • Flow Cytomety • Cell Culture

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