Land Northwest of Haverhill, Suffolk HVH 064 & WTL

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION REPORT ______

Land Northwest of Haverhill, Suffolk HVH 064 & WTL 008

A REPORT ON THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION, 2007 (Planning app. no. pre-planning)

J.A.Craven Field Team Suffolk C.C. Archaeological Service

Lucy Robinson, County Director of Environment and Transport Endeavour House, Russel Road, Ipswich, IP1 2BX ______

SCCAS Report No. 2007/140

Contents

List of Figures List of Tables List of Contributors Acknowledgements Summary SMR information

1. Introduction 2. Location, Topography and Geology 3. Archaeological and Historical background 4. Methodology 5. Results 5.1. Western fields: Trenches 001-096 5.1.1. Phase I: Pre-medieval 5.1.2. Phase III: Post-medieval 5.1.3. Unphased 5.2. Central fields: Trenches 097-171 5.2.1. Phase I: Pre-medieval 5.2.2. Phase III: Post-medieval 5.2.3. Unphased 5.3. North-east fields: Trenches 172-209 and 228 5.3.1. Phase I: Pre-medieval 5.3.2. Phase II: Medieval 5.3.3. Phase III: Post-medieval 5.3.4. Unphased 5.4. South-east field: Trenches 210-227 5.4.1. Phase II: Medieval 5.4.2. Unphased 6. Finds and environmental evidence 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Pottery 6.2.1. Methodology 6.2.2. Pottery by period 6.2.3. The significance of the pottery 6.3. Ceramic Building Material (CBM) and fired clay 6.4. Burnt Flint 6.5. Miscellaneous 6.6. Small finds 6.6.1. Iron 6.6.2. Copper alloy 6.6.3. Stone 6.7. Biological evidence 6.7.1. Animal bone 6.7.2. Shell 6.7.3. Plant macrofossils 6.8. Discussion of the finds evidence 7. Discussion 7.1. Phase I: Pre-medieval 7.2. Phase II: Medieval 7.3. Phase III: Post-medieval 7.4. Unphased

i 8. Conclusion and Recommendations

References

Appendix 1: Trench list Appendix 2: Context list Appendix 3: Documentary report Appendix 4: Finds lists 4.1. HVH 064 bulk finds 4.2. WTL 008 bulk finds 4.3. HVH 064 pottery 4.4. WTL 008 pottery Appendix 5: Brief and specification

List of Figures

1. Site location plan 15. Phase II: Medieval sections, North-east 2. Topography and land use field 3. Haverhill Chapel on Hodkinson’s map 16. Phase II: Medieval sections cont, North- of Suffolk east field 4. Site on the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey, 17. Phase III: Post-medieval sections, North- 1886 east field 5. Site on the 2nd Edition Ordnance 18. Unphased sections, North-east field Survey, 1904 19. Unphased sections, North-east field 6. Overall trench plan 20. South-west field, Trenches 210-227 plan 7. Western fields, Trenches 001-096 plan 21. Sections - Trenches 210-227 8. Sections - Trenches 001-096 22. Spot location phase plan 9. Central fields, Trenches 097-171 plan 23. Proposed excavation areas 10. Sections - Trenches 097-171 24. 1855 Haverhill enclosure 11. Sections - Trenches 097-171 25. 1841 Haverhill tithe map 12. North-east field, Trenches 172-209 & 26. 1843 Little Wratting tithe map 228 plan 27. 1737 Haverhill parish map – Chapel 13. Trenches 195-199 & 208-209 plan Field 14. Phase I: Pre-medieval sections, North- 28. 1737 Haverhill parish map – Chapel east field Farm 29. 1613 Manor of Bluntes

List of Tables

1. Bulk finds quantities 4. Tithe apportionment, Haverhill 2. Small finds by material 5. Tithe apportionment, Little Wratting 3. Charred plant macrofossils and other remains

ii List of Contributors All Suffolk C.C. Archaeological Service unless otherwise stated.

John Craven Project Officer Richenda Goffin Finds Manager Anthony Breen Historical researcher, Freelance Val Fryer Environmental specialist, Freelance

Acknowledgements

This project was commissioned by CgMs Consulting on behalf of the North West Haverhill Landowners Group and was monitored by R.D. Carr (Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service, Conservation Team).

The evaluation was carried out by a number of archaeological staff, (Andrew Beverton, Phil Camps, John Craven, John Duffy, Michael Green, Jennifer Hoang, Daniel McConnell, John Sims and Alan Smith) all from Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service, Field Team.

The project was directed by John Craven, and managed by John Newman, who also provided advice during the production of the report. The post-excavation was managed by Richenda Goffin. Finds processing and the producing of site plans and sections was carried out Gemma Adams and Val Turp, and the specialist finds and environmental reports by Richenda Goffin and Val Fryer. The production of digital site plans was carried out by John Duffy and Andrew Beverton. Other specialist identification and advice was provided by Cathy Tester and Edward Martin.

Summary

An archaeological evaluation in advance of potential development on c.45ha of agricultural farmland to the north-west of Haverhill identified isolated and insubstantial pre-medieval deposits throughout the site and a network of post-medieval drainage ditches and field boundaries, as partly seen on 19th century mapping.

The evaluation also identified an area, c.1.5ha in extent, of medieval settlement activity in the 12th-14th centuries, with a possible Late Saxon or Early medieval origin. A further part of this occupation was seen in the adjacent WTL 009/HVH 065 evaluation. Identified features demonstrated the presence of possible buildings, rubbish pits and subdivision of land extending along either side of the access track to the former sites of Alderton Chapel and Chapel Farm. Future development will disturb important evidence of medieval settlement associated with the Chapel and so open area excavation and further documentary research has been recommended.

SMR information

Planning application no. Pre-planning Date of fieldwork: 19th September – 31st October 2007 Grid Reference: TL 672 468 Funding body: North West Haverhill Landowners Group Oasis reference Suffolkc1-31457

1. Introduction

An archaeological evaluation was carried out on land to the north-west of Haverhill with the aim of assessing the archaeological potential of the area and establishing any implications that archaeological deposits might have for the site’s possible future development. The work was carried out to a Brief and Specification issued by R.D. Carr (Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service, Conservation Team – Appendix 5) who had advised that this would be required to meet a condition which would be placed upon a future planning application for the site’s development. The work was commissioned by CgMs Consulting on behalf of the developer, North West Haverhill Landowners Group.

The program of trial trenching was carried out to assess the location and extent of any archaeological deposits within the proposed development area. Sufficient information on the date, form and function of any deposits, their levels of preservation and potential regional or national importance, was to be established to enable an archaeological mitigation strategy for the site to be constructed.

00 0.50.5 11 kilometreskilometres

WTH 012

WTH 023 HVH 046

Figure 1. Site location plan

1 2. Location, Topography and Geology

The site, an area of c.45.24ha, lies within the parishes of Haverhill and Little Wratting, centered on TL 672 468 (Fig. 1). Situated immediately to the north of modern Haverhill the site consisted of arable farmland, interspersed with hedges and drainage ditches.

The site lies across the upper slopes and top of a plateau forming the northern side of the Stour Brook valley (Fig. 2). The generally south-west facing slope was cut by the valleys of two drainage channels which meant that the various fields actually lay on a mixture of south-west or south-east facing slopes. Ground levels ranged from c.108m OD on the plateau in the north-east corner of the site, to c.100m OD on the upper slopes in the western fields and c.82m in the south- western part of the site.

The site geology consisted of Boulder clay, a mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. On the areas of high ground or upper slopes this natural subsoil was frequently plough damaged, as it directly underlaid a thin ploughsoil. Towards the base of slopes the subsoil was generally sealed below colluvial deposits of mid brown clay/silt reaching up to 1m thick.

Figure 2. Topography and land use

2 3. Archaeological and Historical Background

Although the site, at 45ha, was of a substantial size there were no known sites or find spots within its extent recorded on the County HER (Historic Environment Record) which, as a general comparison, records an average of one site per c.5ha. A desk-based assessment of the site and wider area previously carried out by CgMs Consulting (Gailey 2007) indicated that the site had low-moderate potential for multi-period archaeological deposits.

Two areas of particular interest lay close to the vicinity to the site. Firstly, 500m to the west, a metal-detected Bronze Age hoard, WTH 011, was later followed by evaluation and excavation in advance of housing development, WTH 012, which identified evidence of Bronze Age settlement consisting of a ditched enclosure and associated pits. A Bronze Age axehead fragment has also been found at WTH 023, 350m to the south-east of the site. There was some potential therefore for identifying prehistoric activity throughout the evaluation area.

Secondly the site surrounds, on three sides, an area of land now occupied by Chapel Cottage and Boyton Hall, but formerly believed to be the site of the medieval Alderton Chapel, HVH 046. The chapel, which is marked on the 1783 Hodskinson map of Suffolk (Fig. 3), and its lands later became a post-medieval farmstead known as Chapel Farm, as shown on the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey (Fig. 4). Fields belonging to Chapel Farm form part of the current site and the complex was linked, on the eastern side, by a trackway to the main Haverhill – Bury St Edmunds road. Chapel Cottage, a Grade II Listed Building (LBS 466432), is an amalgamation of two 19th century cottages which are believed to have reused material from the former Chapel. Boyton Hall is marked on the 2nd Edition Ordnance Survey, which shows only the southern half of the site, and so was built between 1886 and 1904 (Fig. 5).

A detailed documentary survey on the history of Chapel Farm and Alderton Chapel has been carried out and is included as Appendix 3.

Figure 3. Haverhill Chapel on Hodkinson’s map of Suffolk

00 00 150150 300300 metresmetres

Figure 4. Site on the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey, 1886

00 150150 300300 metresmetres

Figure 5. Site on the 2nd Edition Ordnance Survey, 1904

4 Trenching in the fields adjacent to Chapel Farm and its trackway therefore had potential to identify evidence of medieval settlement or land use associated with Alderton Chapel. The small field immediately to the north of Boyton Hall, WTL 009, which was evaluated simultaneously but as a separate project, also had similar potential (Fig 22).

Crossing the site as a modern field boundary and public byway, from north-east to south-west, is the route of a former roadway, shown on the 1783 Hodskinson map, which linked Haverhill to Great Wratting. Immediately to the north of the site this route survives as a trackway defined by ditches on either side and may have medieval origins. The parish boundary between Haverhill and Little Wratting also crosses the site and partially follows the aforementioned trackway (Fig. 4). Part of the boundary has been relocated during the 20th century but, in the fields west of Chapel Cottage, neither of the routes were marked and so trenching had the potential to locate any former boundary ditches.

5 4. Methodology

Trenching generally adhered to a proposed plan that formed part of the WSI for the project, which had been approved by R.D.Carr. Trenches were marked out using an RTK GPS and minor alterations were made if required by factors on the ground. Additional trenching was carried out in specific areas that proved to be of archaeological interest to further define the extent of said areas. Two hundred and twenty-eight trenches, measuring 11122.8m in total length, were excavated by two mechanical 360°excavators equipped with 2m ditching buckets under the constant supervision of experienced archaeologists (Fig. 6). The 22246 sqm thus evaluated was equivalent to c.4.92% of the 45.24 ha site. This was slightly less than the required 5% but significant areas were unavailable for trenching due to the presence of overhead powerlines and field boundaries.

The trenches were excavated to the top of the natural subsoil surface, which was either the mid yellow/brown Boulder clay with chalk or, in trenches towards the base of slopes, a mid brown/orange clay/silt and gravel. This generally involved the removal of 0.25m - 0.4m of topsoil and, in some trenches, a colluvial mid brown clay/silt. Excavated soil was examined for unstratified finds. Trenches, upcast spoil and the field surface to the north and east of Chapel Cottage/Boyton Hall were metal detected by an experienced SCCAS detectorist.

Archaeological features were normally clearly visible and only limited cleaning by hand was required. The majority of features were then excavated by hand, with sections placed across ditches and 50% of pits and postholes being removed. Features were not excavated if clearly seen to be post-medieval in date, or continuations of linear features investigated elsewhere.

The site was recorded using a single context continuous numbering system. As the evaluation was situated in two parishes these numbers were separated, with no’s 0001-0136 relating to HVH 064 and 1000-1245 to WTL 008. The trenches and features were planned, and site levels recorded, using an RTK GPS. Feature sections and trench profiles were drawn by hand at a scale of 1:20. Digital colour photographs were taken of all stages of the fieldwork, and are included in the archive. A bulk environmental sample was taken from context 1089.

Site data has been input onto an MS Access database and recorded using the County HER codes HVH 064 and WTL 008. Bulk finds were washed, marked and quantified, and the resultant data was also entered onto a database. Inked copies of section and drawings have also been made.

An OASIS form has been completed for the project (reference no. suffolkc1-31457) and a digital copy of the report submitted for inclusion on the Archaeology Data Service database (http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/library/greylit).

The site archive is kept in the main store of Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service at Bury St Edmunds under HER Nos. HVH 064 and WTL 008.

6 (

003 012 001 002 014 004 013 015 006 016 005 084 017 007 018

009 083 ( 019 ( 086 010 020 087 008 0 100 200 085 032 011 088 022 096 082 089 098 metres 031 021 023 091 ( ( 033 030 081 094 102 097 099 034 090 024 080 166 092 095 026 069 101 168 167 ( 093 103 100 ( 173 025 078 105 027 079 169 180 183 067 170 029 181 106 ( 163 165 107 104 028 068 162 073 077 172 190 035 174 182 184 159 171 066 075 076 113 108 160 178 186 189 164 179 161 112 155 188 036 109 ( 176 037 072 114 177 064 ( ( 187 040 158 156 ( 185 074 111 154 175 065 115 038 148 110 147 194 193 192 191 116 117 041 059 071 063 070 149 157 062 120 039 200 195 205 196 199 146 151151151 118 153 WTLWTL 009009 201 152 198 202 ( 122 119 143 203 121 144 197197197 145 228 206 061 150150150 043 057 058 130 042 050 051 052 060 056 139 207 ( 123 209 ( 142 204 210 208 045 131 141 ( 128 138 055 132 053 140 225 044 212 049 211 129 124 ( 227 224 046 215 047 214 226 133 213 054 125 216 220 048 HVHHVH 046046 135 134 127 HVHHVH 046046 126 218 223 217 137 219 136 ( (

(

( 222 ) 221 ( HVHHVH 065065

) 

(

Figure 6. Overall trench plan

© Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Suffolk County Council ( 050100 Licence No. 100023395 2007. 003 0002 metres 001 012 002 004 014 013 0007  015 017 0008 006 0009 007 0005 0004 005 016 084 009 1003 010 018 1001 0049 083 ( ( 086 1007 032 008 0011 019 087 020 085 088 022 0017 096 0013 011 0015 089 1005 031 080 0055 033 021 023 082 094 030 081 091 0021 034 090 026 024 0051 092 095 069

( 0053 0019 ( 093 027 0023 068 079 078 029 025 067 ( 028 073 077 035 075 076 0025 0027 064 066 036 0045 037 072 074 065 040

038 041 0047 071 0029 059 070 0031 062 063 039

043 061

042 0033 050 0041 051 057 0039 052 0035 058 0037 ( ( 060 0043 ( 045 056 044 053 055 049

046 ( 047 048 054

Figure 7. Western fields, Trenches 001-096 plan

9 5. Results

The majority of the trenches, 142 out of the 228 or 62% were devoid of any archaeological features or material. A full description of the trenches is included as Appendix 1. The eighty-six trenches that contained recorded features or finds were broadly scattered across the evaluation area. The bulk of these, particularly in the western two thirds of the site, contained only isolated ditches and the occasional pit of which only a minority contained datable material. A very sparse scatter of prehistoric or Roman deposits, while not indicating any firm phase of activity have been labelled for simplicity in this report as Phase I: Pre-medieval. Other scattered features across the whole site indicated a more substantial phase of activity in the post-medieval period (Phase III). Further features have been dated to this post-medieval phase due to their correlation with boundaries shown on the various 19th century maps.

The main result of the evaluation was the identification of a substantial phase of medieval activity (Phase II) in a series of trenches to the east of Chapel Cottage and Boyton Hall, on either side of the access road to the medieval Chapel and post-medieval farm.

Due to the size of the site the results have been divided into three broad geographical areas, before further separation into the three datable phases.

5.1. Western fields: Trenches 001-096 (Figs. 7-8)

These two fields faced each other across a drainage channel, which headed downhill to the south-west. Soil profiles on either side were similar with a thin topsoil and apparent plough truncation on the high ground and development of colluvial deposits from mid slope down to the drainage channel.

5.1.1. Phase 1: Pre-medieval

0001 was a single sherd of unstratified Roman pottery recovered during machining in Trench 004.

0004 was a group of seventeen sherds of Iron Age or Early Saxon pottery recovered from the natural subsoil surface in Trench 009.

0008 was a single sherd of Roman pottery recovered from the colluvial layer in Trench 015. Four further undated sherds, 0007, were recovered from the same area.

0051 was a circular pit in Trench 090. Measuring 1.2m in diameter and 0.12m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0052, was a compact mid green/grey- orange/brown, silt/clay from which two sherds of prehistoric pottery were recovered.

5.1.2. Phase III: Post-medieval

0009 was a linear ditch, aligned north-west to south-east, which was seen in Trenches 004, 013, 017 and 019. Excavated in Trench 013 it measured 1.3m wide and 0.25m deep with shallow sloping sides and a flat base. Its fill, 0010, was a mid to light grey/green/brown, silt/clay and contained pottery and CBM of post-medieval date along with other metal finds which were not collected. The ditch also corresponds to a boundary shown on the First Edition Ordnance survey.

10 0045 was a linear ditch, aligned north-west to south-east, in Trench 064 and was probably the same ditch as 0047 in Trench 070. Measuring 0.8m wide and 0.28m deep it had steep sloping sides and a flat base. Its fill, 0046, was a compact, dark brown, sand/clay with frequent small flints and chalk. 0047 was 0.9m wide and 0.2m deep with gentle sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0048, was a compact, mid orange/brown, silt/clay. The ditch is believed to date to the post-medieval period as it corresponds with a boundary shown on the Haverhill enclosure map of 1855 (Fig. 1, Appendix 3).

0049 was a linear ditch, aligned north to south, in Trench 083. Measuring 0.5m wide and 0.15m deep it had moderate sloping sides and an irregular base. Its fill, 0050, was a compact, mid brown, silt/clay with frequent flecks of charcoal throughout. The ditch is again believed to date to the post-medieval period as it corresponds with a boundary shown on the Haverhill enclosure map of 1855.

5.1.3. Unphased

0002 was a linear gully, aligned north-west to south-east, in Trench 002. Measuring 0.35m wide and 0.1m deep it had a fill, 0003, of dark brown, silt/clay.

0005 was an irregular linear feature in Trench 007, possibly being two small pits or just an area of natural disturbance. Measuring 0.7m+ long, 0.3m wide and 0.1m deep it had an irregular base and sides with a fill, 0006, of mid brown, clay and charcoal.

0011 was a linear ditch, aligned north to south in Trench 022. Measuring 1.2m wide and 0.25m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a slightly concave base. Its fill, 0012, was a mid brown, clay with occasional chalk and charcoal flecks.

0013 was a linear ditch, aligned east to west in Trench 031 and was probably the same ditch as 0015 in Trench 032. Measuring 0.6m wide and 0.2m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a flat base with a fill, 0014, of light/mid orange/grey brown, silt/clay with occasional chalk flecks.

0015 was a linear ditch, aligned east to west in Trench 032 and was probably the same ditch as 0013 in Trench 031. Measuring 0.5m wide and 0.3m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a concave base with a fill, 0016, of mid grey/brown, silt/clay.

0017 was a linear ditch, aligned north-west to south-east in Trench 031. Measuring 0.63m wide and 0.23m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a concave base with a fill, 0018, of light/mid brown, silt/clay with occasional small and large flints.

0019 was a circular pit, partially under the edge of Trench 026. Measuring 0.5m wide and 0.15m deep it had a compact fill, 0020, of mid yellow/grey/brown, silt/clay with occasional chalk flecks.

0021 was a linear ditch, aligned north to south, in Trench 033. Measuring 0.7m wide and 0.11m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0022, was a compact light/mid orange/brown silt/clay with occasional chalk flecks.

0023 was a small circular pit in Trench 027 measuring 0.3m in diameter and 0.08m deep with gentle sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0024, was a compact light/mid yellow/brown, silt/clay.

11 0025 was a small circular pit, lying adjacent to pit 0027 in Trench 035. Measuring 0.5m in diameter and 0.15m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0026, was a mid grey/brown, compact, silt/clay.

0027 was a pit of the same size as 0025 but could not be excavated, as the end of the trench was flooded following rainfall. Its fill, 0028 was also a mid grey/brown, compact, silt/clay.

0029 was a linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 041. Measuring 0.7m wide and 0.25m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0030, was a compact mid/dark brown silt/clay.

0031 was a linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 039. Measuring 0.7m wide and 0.15m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0032, was a compact mid orange/brown silt/clay.

0033 was a circular pit, partially under the edge of Trench 043. Measuring 0.6m wide and 0.1m deep it had gentle sloping sides and a flat base. Its fill, 0034, was a compact mid grey/brown silt/clay.

0035 was a linear gully, aligned east to west, in Trench 043. Measuring 0.5m wide and 0.1m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0036, was a compact, mid yellow/brown, silt/clay.

0037 was a circular pit, lying adjacent to 0039, in Trench 042. Measuring 0.7m in diameter and 0.12m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a gently curved base. Its fill, 0038, was a compact, mid orange/brown, silt/clay.

0039 was a circular pit, lying adjacent to 0037, in Trench 042. Measuring 0.8m in diameter and 0.1m deep it had gentle sloping sides and a gently curved base. Its fill, 0040, was a compact, mid orange/brown, silt/clay.

0041 was a linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 042. Measuring 0.6m wide and 0.12m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0042, was a compact, mid orange/brown, silt/clay.

0043 was a linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 056. Measuring 0.55m wide and 0.23m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0044, was a compact, mid yellow/brown, silt/clay.

0053 was a sub rectangular pit in Trench 093. Measuring 1.25m long, 0.75m wide and 0.2m deep it had steep sloping sides and a flat, slightly undulating base. Its fill, 0054, was a compact, mid brown/grey, silt/clay.

0055 was a pit or ditch terminus partially under the edge of Trench 089. Measuring 0.65m wide and 0.3m deep it had steep sloping sides and a flat base with a fill, 0056, of compact mid brown/grey, silt/clay.

1001 was a linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 086. Measuring 0.5m wide and 0.2m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1002, was a compact mid/dark brown, silt/clay with occasional traces of charcoal.

12 1003 was an oval pit in Trench 086 measuring 1.7m by 1.2m and0.3m deep with moderate sloping sides and a flat base. Its fill, 1004, was a compact mid/dark brown, silt/clay with occasional traces of charcoal.

1005 was a linear ditch, aligned north-west to south-east, in Trench 096. Measuring 0.5m wide and 0.25m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a flat base. Its fill, 1006, was a compact mid/dark brown, silt/clay.

1007 was a broad linear ditch, aligned south-west to north-east, in Trench 087. Measuring 2.1m wide and 0.4m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a flat base. Its fill, 1008, was a compact mid/dark brown, silt/clay with occasional flecks of brick, chalk and charcoal.

13 Figure 8. Sections - Trenches 001-096

14 5.2. Central fields: Trenches 097-171

As with the western area, these fields faced each other across a drainage channel, which headed downhill to the south-west. Soil profiles on either side were also similar, with thin topsoils and plough truncation on the high ground and underlying colluvial deposits from mid slope down to the drainage channel.

5.2.1. Phase I: Pre-medieval

0067, 0069 and 0071 were a group of intercutting pits in Trench 126. 0067 was an oval shape, 0.5m wide and 0.14m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a concave base, which was cut on its southern side by 0069. 0071 was a similar small pit, cut on its western side by 0069. Both had fills, 0068 and 0072 respectively, of compact mid orange/brown silt/clay and chalk. Three sherds of Iron Age/Roman pottery were recovered from 0072.

0069, an elongated pit or ditch terminus, was 0.5m wide and 2.2m+ long, with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0070, was the same as 0068 and 0072 and contained twenty- one sherds of prehistoric pottery. In section 0074, which was placed to show the relationship between 0069 and 0071 the fill of 0069 was numbered as 0073.

1009 was a linear ditch, aligned north to south, in Trench 097. Measuring 0.9m wide and 0.24m deep, with steep sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1010, of compact, light/mid orange/brown, silt/clay which contained two sherds of prehistoric pottery.

5.2.2 Phase III: Post-medieval

0075 was a linear ditch, aligned north-west to south-east, seen in Trenches 123 and 131 and corresponded with the course of the former parish boundary as shown on the First Edition Ordnance Survey. Excavated in Trench 131 it measured 0.54m wide and 0.3m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a flat base. Its fill, 0076, was a compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay with frequent inclusions of chalk and flint.

1021 was a broad linear ditch, aligned north-west to south-east, seen in Trenches 0105, 0107 and 0108. Running immediately past the north side of an oak tree situated in the centre of the field the ditch corresponds to a former field boundary shown on the Little Wratting Tithe map of 1843 (Fig. 3, Appendix 3), and the 1st and 2nd Edition Ordnance Surveys. Section 1024 in Trench 105 had to be abandoned due to the waterlogged ground after a spell of bad weather, as did an attempted section in a short length of trench immediately to the south-east. The fill in this section, 1025, was a compact mid orange/brown silt/clay.

Section 1022 was excavated by machine across the ditch in Trench 0107. Heavily disturbed on its northern side by a modern drainage pipe it measured between 3 and 4m wide and 0.8m deep with moderate sloping sides and flat base. The fill, 1023, was a mid/dark grey/brown clay/gravel with frequent chalk flecks.

The course of ditch 1021 was further recorded in Trench 08 but no further sections were excavated.

The following ditches, 0077, 0079, 0085, 1030 and 1034 were all undated but appear likely to correspond with changing field boundaries shown on the Little Wratting Tithe map and the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey. 15 0077 was a linear gully, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 142. Measuring 0.7m wide and 0.12m deep it had gentle sloping sides, a concave base and a fill, 0078, of compact mid orange/red/brown, silt/clay.

0079 was a linear ditch, aligned east to west, in Trench 144. Measuring 1m wide and 0.16m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 0080, of compact, light orange/brown silt/clay.

0085 was a linear ditch, aligned east to west, in Trench 145. Measuring 1.6m wide and 0.6m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 0086, of compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay.

1030 was a linear ditch, aligned east to west, in Trench 147. Measuring 1.1m wide with steep sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1031, of compact, mid orange/brown, silt/clay.

1034 was a linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 158. Measuring 2.1m wide with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1035, of compact, mid grey/brown, silt/soil.

1038 was a linear ditch terminus, aligned north-west to south-east, in Trench 166. Measuring 0.9m wide and 0.24m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1039, was a compact mid orange/red/brown silt/clay with pieces of post-medieval glass.

5.2.3 Unphased

0057 was an oval pit partially under the edge of Trench 116. Measuring 0.5m wide, 0.6m+ long and 0.12m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a flat base, it had a fill, 0058, of compact, mid orange/brown, silt/clay.

0059 was a linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 114. With a slightly irregular, curving course, broadly parallel to the adjacent field boundary, it moved in and out of the line of the trench. Measuring 0.6m-0.7m wide and 0.16m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it was excavated in two sections; 0061 and 0089. The respective fills, 0062 and 0060, were a compact, mid grey/orange/brown, silt/clay.

0063 was a broad linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west, seen in Trenches 118, 121 and 122. Excavated in Trench 122 it was 1.3m wide and 0.7m deep with a fill, 0064, of compact, mid orange/brown, silt/clay.

0065 was a linear ditch, aligned north-west to south-east, in Trench 132. Measuring 0.7m wide and 0.25m deep with moderate sloping sides and a concave base it had a fill, 0066, of compact, mid brown, silt/clay with frequent flecks of chalk and charcoal.

0081 was a linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 144. Measuring 1m wide and 0.28m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 0082, of compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay.

0083 was a linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 139. Measuring 1.5m wide and 0.38m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a flat base, it had a fill, 0084, of compact, mid orange/brown silt/clay with chalk.

16 0087 was a linear ditch, aligned north to south, in Trench 146. Measuring 0.6m wide and 0.3m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 0088, of compact, mid green/brown, silt/clay with occasional flints and charcoal flecks.

1011 was a circular pit in Trench 097, measuring 0.8m diameter and 0.18m deep with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0012, was a compact mid orange/grey, silt/clay.

1013 was a linear ditch, aligned north to south, in Trench 098. Measuring 1.2m wide and 0.18m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a flat base, it had a fill, 1014, of compact, mid orange/brown, silt/clay.

1015 was a pit or ditch terminus in Trench 099. Measuring 1.4m wide and 0.5m deep, with steep sloping sides and a flat base, it had a fill, 1016, of compact mid/dark brown silt/clay with occasional flecks of chalk and charcoal.

1017 was a linear gully, aligned east to west, in Trench 099. Measuring 0.4m wide and 0.1m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1018, of compact, mid/dark brown, silt/clay with occasional flecks of chalk and charcoal.

1019 was a possible linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 109. Measuring 1.8m wide and 1.05m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1020, of compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay with patches of charcoal.

1026 was a linear ditch, aligned east to west, in Trench 152. Measuring 1.2m wide and 0.18m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a flat base, it had a fill, 1027, of compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay with occasional flints and charcoal flecks.

1028 was a linear ditch, aligned north to south, in Trench 148. Measuring 0.9m wide and 0.12m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a flat base, it had a fill, 1029, of compact, light orange/brown, silt/clay.

1032 was a circular pit in Trench 160. Measuring 0.7m in diameter, with gentle sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1033, of compact, dark grey/black, silt/clay with scattered charcoal.

1036 was a possible pit, partially under the edge of Trench 164. Measuring 0.35m+ long and 0.28m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a flat base. Its fill, 1037, was a compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay with scattered chalk.

1040 was a modern circular posthole in Trench 167. Measuring 0.3m in diameter, with vertical sides and a flat base it had a fill, 1041, of compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay.

10111011 10131013 10111011 (

098 ( 0 100 200 10091009  10091009 102 097 099 10151015 166 metres 10151015 101 10171017 1038 100 168 ( ( 167 169 105 1040 103

10241024 104 ( 10211021 107 163 165 170 10211021 106 162

10221022 164 113 10211021 160 159 171 155 00610061 161 1032 00590059 109 108 1036 00590059 112 ( 00890089 115 158 ( ( 10191019 ( 111 10191019 1034 114 1030 156 154 148 147 116 110 00570057 117 1028 149 157 120 151 146 00870087 00630063 118 153 1026 122 143 144 121 130 145 152 150 00630063 119 00850085 00850085 00790079 00810081 00750075 123 00770077 142 139 00830083 131 128 00650065 141 138 00750075 00750075 140 124 132 129 ( 133 125

134 127 135 126 136 137 0069 etc

( (

( )

(

Figure 9. Central fields, Trenches 097-171 plan

18 Figure 10. Sections - Trenches 097-171

19 Figure 11. Sections - Trenches 097-171

172 1053 182 190 1059/1061 1064 1051 1042 189 1072 174 178 186 1070 1042 179 184 1082 175 176 1055

( 1240 1057 1078 1080

( 177 185 1074 187 1236 1051 1242 ( 1238 1049 1042 1076 1047 1068 188 194 1059/1061 1066 193 191 192 200 196 205 1086 1084 195 1122 199 1092 1116 203 201 202 198

(

1098 197 1096 228 1100 206 207 1088 209 208 1102 204

Figure 12. North-east field, Trenches 172-209 & 228 plan

1122 197 196

1228 1146 1230 1142 1130 1232 1150 1184 1162 1188 198 1152 1193 1178 1140 1195 1197 1199 1205 1098 1203 1207 1176 1132 1148 1220/1222 1224/1226 208 1100 1211 1180 1201 1174 1234 1164-1170 1182 1209 228 SF 1500 1154 1110 1104 1156 1124 1138 1108 1094 1126 1106 1160 1158 1118 1112/1114 1172 1129 1136 209 1134

Figure 13. Trenches 195-199 & 208-209 plan

22 5.3. North-east fields: Trenches 172-209 and 228

This field lay to the north and east of Chapel Cottage and Boyton Hall, to the north of the farm complex’s original main access track, and lay on level ground, overlooking the Stour Brook to the south. Trenching along the main road frontage was not possible due to overhead powerlines.

Trenching was divided into two separate areas by another overhead powerline. The northern trenches (172-194) principally contained further evidence of post-medieval ditches with the occasional prehistoric pit. The southern trenches (195-209 & 228), contained a similar spread of features but also, particularly in Trenches 197, 198, 208 and 209 which lay in a broad strip along the edge of the trackway, identified a substantial phase of medieval activity.

5.3.1. Phase I: Pre-medieval

1070 and 1072 were a pair of adjacent circular pits in Trench 184. 1070 was 1m in diameter and 0.24m deep with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1071, was a compact, dark grey/brown silt/clay with flecks of daub and two sherds of prehistoric pottery. 1072 was 0.7m in diameter and 0.1m deep with gentle sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1073, was a compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay.

1088 was a possible cremation pit, assumed to be of a prehistoric date, in Trench 204. Measuring 0.4m in diameter and 0.13m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1089, a blackened silt/clay with charcoal and burnt bone was 100% sampled. The trench was extended around the feature but no further deposits of any sort were seen.

1236, 1238, 1240 and 1242 were a group of contemporary intercutting pits in Trench 175, recorded in section 1244. Although the finds recovered from the group are undatable, the homogenous, leached, fill types suggest a possible prehistoric date.

The earliest was 1238, a circular pit measuring 0.8m in diameter and 0.2m deep, which was cut by 1240 to the east and 1236 to the west. Its fill, 1239 was a compact, mid orange/brown silt/clay with chalk.

1236 was a circular pit, measuring 1.4m in diameter and 0.36m deep, which cut 1238. Steep sided with a concave base, its fill, 1237 was a compact, mid orange/brown/grey silt/clay with chalk. Ten sherds of unidentifiable pottery were recovered.

1240 was an elongated pit, measuring 3m by 1.4m and 0.4m deep, which cut 1238. Steep sided with a concave base, its fill, 1241 was a compact, mid orange/brown/grey silt/clay with chalk. A further quadrant of the ditch was excavated to the north of section 1244 which showed a similar fill, 1245.

1242 was a small circular pit, cut on its north side by 1240. Measuring 0.3m in diameter and 0.14m deep it had a fill, 1243, of compact, mid grey/brown/orange silt/clay with flecks of chalk.

23 Figure 14. Phase I: Pre-medieval sections, North-east field

5.3.2. Phase II: Medieval

The densest spread of dated medieval features lay in Trench 197. Towards the northern end of the trench lay 1232, an elongated pit partially under the trench edge. Measuring 0.84m wide and 0.45m deep it had near vertical sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1233, was a compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay with occasional chalk flecks from which 206 sherds of pottery from a single medieval vessel were recovered.

Immediately to the south was a broad linear boundary, consisting of 1184, 1188 and 1193, which was aligned east to west and cut 1195. The earliest cut, 1193, lay on the southern side with its northern edge truncated by 1188. Measuring 0.75m wide and 0.26m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a flat base, its fill, 1194, was a compact, mid orange/brown silt/clay with chalk flecks.

1188 was the central cut of the group, cutting 1193 to the south and cut by 1184 to the north. Measuring 1.34m wide and 0.96m deep it had steep sloping sides and a concave base. Its basal fill, 1189, slumped in from the northern side and was a compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay. Above this was 1190, a compact, dark grey/brown silt/clay with flints and chalk flecks, then 1191, a thin deposit of compact, light grey/yellow/brown silt/clay with frequent chalk. The final fill was 1192, a compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay.

The final cut of the group, 1184, lay to the north of 1188. Measuring 1.48m wide and 0.88m deep, it had steep sloping sides and a concave base. Its basal fill, 1185, was a compact, mid green/grey/brown silt/clay with flecks of chalk. Above this lay 1186, a compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay. The final fill, 1187, was a compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay with chalk from which two sherds of medieval pottery were collected.

Adjacent to this ditch sequence was 1178, a linear gully, also aligned east to west. Measuring 0.3m wide and 0.1m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a concave base. It cut feature 1195 on the eastern edge of the trench. Its fill, 1179, was a compact, light grey/brown silt/clay with a dense assemblage of twenty-eight medieval pottery sherds lying on its base.

24 In the south-west part of the trench lay a scatter of pits. 1205 and 1207 were a pair of adjacent circular pits, both cut by a modern drainage pipe. The modern trench was emptied to show a cross section of each feature. 1205, which measured 0.8m in diameter and 0.3m deep with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, had a fill, 1206, of dark brown silt/clay with flecks of charcoal from which three sherds of medieval pottery were collected. 1207 was 0.5m in diameter and 0.3m deep with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1208, was a dark brown silt/clay with flecks of charcoal and chalk.

1220 and 1222 were a pair of small circular pits. 1220, which appeared to cut 1222, was 0.5m in diameter and 0.25m deep. Steep sided, with a concave base, its fill, 1221, was a compact, dark brown/black silt/clay with occasional flints from which nine sherds of medieval pottery were collected. 1222 measured 0.6m by 0.9m and 0.5m deep. Steep sided, with a concave base, its fill, 1223, was a compact, light brown/green silt/clay with occasional flints and chalk from which nine sherds of medieval pottery were collected.

1224 and 1226 were another pair of small oval pits. 1224, which was cut by 1226, measured 0.4m by 0.3m and 0.12m deep. Steep sided, with a concave base, its fill, 1225, was a compact, mid grey/orange/brown/silt/clay from which a piece of carved sandstone was recovered. 1226 measured 0.4m by 0.3m and 0.12m deep. Steep sided, with a concave base, its fill, 1223, was a compact, mid grey/orange/brown silt/clay.

1201 was a possible pit or ditch terminus, partially under the edge of 197. Measuring 1.3m+ long and 1m wide it had a fill, 1202, of compact, dark grey/brown silt/clay with frequent charcoal. As a sizeable assemblage of seventy-eight sherds of medieval pottery was recovered from the features surface, it was not excavated. Two further features, with similar fills so probably contemporary, lay immediately to the west of 1201 but were also left unexcavated.

In the eastern part of the trench was 1182, a linear gully, on a north to south alignment. Measuring 0.5m wide and 0.3m deep, with steep sloping sides and a concave base it had a fill, 1183, of compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay with flecks of charcoal and chalk from which three sherds of medieval pottery were collected.

Adjacent to 1182 was 1211, a broad linear ditch, on a parallel north to south alignment. Measuring 1.6m wide and 0.9m deep it had steep sloping sides and a concave base. On the southern side of the excavated section was a substantial possible postpipe, 1212, cutting through the infills of the ditch. Measuring 0.6m wide and 1m deep it had vertical sides and an irregular base. At the base of the postpipe were three large flint cobbles, thought to be a post-pad, contained within the fill, 1213, of compact, mid/dark brown/grey, silt/clay with flecks of charcoal, chalk and occasional flints. The fills of 1211 were, on the western side, a compact, light grey silt/clay, 1219, with flecks of chalk and charcoal from which six medieval pottery sherds and a large fragment of lavastone quern were recovered. Above 1219 was 1218, a compact, light/mid grey silt/clay with frequent flecks of charcoal and chalk, then 1217, a compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay with frequent charcoal, chalk flecks and occasional flints. On the eastern side the basal fill, 1216, was a compact, mid grey silt/clay with flecks of chalk. Above this was 1215, a compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay with flecks of charcoal and chalk, then 1214, a compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay with frequent flecks of charcoal and chalk.

1209 was an elongated pit or ditch terminus, aligned north to south, at the eastern end of the trench. Measuring 2m wide and 0.5m deep it had steep sloping sides and a concave base with a fill, 1210, of dark grey silt/clay with areas of animal disturbance and redeposited natural clay from which a single sherd of medieval pottery was collected.

25 The density of features lessened in Trench 198, with only two of the five identified containing medieval material. 1176 was a linear ditch lying 7m to the north of 1174 on a parallel alignment. Measuring 1.1m wide and 0.53m deep, with steep sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1177, of compact, light/mid grey/brown silt/clay with occasional flints, charcoal and chalk from which six sherds of medieval pottery were collected.

1180 was a large feature, probably a substantial pit of unknown dimensions, lying on the northern side of ditch 1174. A single quadrant was excavated to a depth of 0.3m which showed it to be steep sided with a fill, 1181, of compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay with occasional flecks of charcoal and chalk from which eighteen sherds of medieval pottery were collected.

Trench 209 contained an even spread of features along its length. 1104, 1106, 1108 and 1110 were a group of small circular postholes forming a curving line in Trench 209. Ranging from 0.4m to 0.7m in diameter and 0.14m to 0.22m deep they all had a similar fill, 1105, 1107, 1109 and 1111 respectively, of compact mid grey/brown, silt/clay. Although undated they are all thought to be contemporary both with each other and the other nearby medieval features.

Lying immediately to the east of this posthole group was 1118, a substantial feature most likely to be a large pit as it was not seen to continue in Trench 228 immediately to the north. Steep sided and measuring 3m wide and at least 0.8m deep, the base of the feature was not seen in the excavated section due to waterlogging. The lowest observed fill, 1121, was a compact, dark grey/brown silt/clay with occasional charcoal flecks from which thirty-eight sherds of medieval pottery were collected. Above this was 1120, a compact, mid yellow/grey/brown silt/clay with occasional flecks of daub and chalk from which fourteen sherds of medieval pottery were collected. The final upper fill, 1119, was a compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay with frequent charcoal and chalk from which twenty-two sherds of medieval pottery were collected.

The other dated medieval feature within the trench lay at the eastern end. 1129 was a pair of parallel gullies, aligned north-west to south-east. Each was c.0.6m wide and 0.25m deep with moderate sloping sides and concave bases. The single fill, 1145, was a mid/dark grey/brown clay with chalk and charcoal flecks from which seven sherds of medieval pottery were collected, some numbered as 1129.

Trench 208 contained a dense spread of features throughout its length although most were undated. At the north end of the trench was 1142, a linear ditch, aligned north-west to south-east. Measuring 0.96m wide and 0.4m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a concave base, it had a lower fill, 1144, of compact, light grey/brown silt/clay with occasional flints and chalk from a single sherd of medieval pottery was collected. Above this was 1143, a mid grey/brown silt/clay with occasional flints and chalk.

To the south of 1142 was an undated pit 1150 and then 1152 and 1140. 1152 was a possible ditch terminus or elongated pit. Cut by a modern pipe on the southern edge there was also a possible secondary pit on its northern side. Measuring 1.1m wide and 0.45m deep, it had a fill, 1153, of compact, mid/dark grey/brown silt/clay with occasional flecks of charcoal and chalk from which fifteen sherds of medieval pottery were collected. 1140 was a circular pit in Trench 208. Measuring 0.7m in diameter and 0.34m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a flat base, it had a fill, 1141, of compact, light green/brown silt/clay with frequent flints and chalk from which five sherds of medieval pottery were collected.

Crossing the centre of the trench was a broad boundary ditch, aligned east to west and consisting of four separate cuts. The earliest cut, 1168, lay in the centre and was cut by 1166 to the south

26 and 1170 to the north. Measuring 0.6m wide and 0.42m deep with a concave base it had a fill, 1169, of compact, mid green/brown silt/clay with chalk flecks.

The southern edge of the boundary was cut by 1164, which had also been heavily removed by 1166. This ditch was at 0.55m deep, steep-sided, with a fill, 1165, of compact, light green/brown silt/clay with chalk flecks.

1166, which cut 1164 and 1168, lay adjacent to 1170. It measured 1.5m wide and 0.66m deep with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1167, was a compact, dark grey/brown, silt/clay with occasional flints, charcoal and chalk flecks from which four sherds of medieval pottery were collected.

1170 measured 1.4m wide and 0.5m deep with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1171, was a compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay with occasional flints and chalk flecks from which four sherds of medieval pottery were collected. To the south of this boundary lay two undated pits, 1154 and 1156, and then a larger sub-circular pit, 1138. Measuring 0.7m by 0.95m and 0.22m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1139, of compact, light grey/brown silt/clay with flecks of daub from which three sherds of medieval pottery were collected.

Figure 15. Phase II: Medieval sections, North-east field

27 Figure 16. Phase II: Medieval sections cont, North-east field

5.3.3. Phase III: Post-medieval

Features dating to this phase consisted of a widespread scatter of linear ditches, which are often seen to relate to boundaries shown on the various 19th century maps.

1042 was a broad linear ditch, aligned north-west to south-east and identified in Trenches 172, 176 and 177. Excavated in Trench 172 it was 3.6m wide and 0.3m deep with gentle sloping sides and a concave base. The basal fill, 1044, was a compact, mid orange/brown clay/silt. Above this lay 1043, a compact, mid grey/black/brown, silt/clay with charcoal. Although no datable material was recovered the ditch is clearly aligned with field boundaries shown on the Little Wratting tithe map and probably represents further subdivision of the field prior to the mid 19th century.

1051 was a broad linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west and identified in Trenches 174, 177 and 180. Excavated by machine in Trench 180 it measured 2.35m wide and 0.33m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1052, was a compact, mid grey/green/brown, silt/clay with occasional flint and chalk. As with ditch 1042 no datable

28 material was recovered but it is also aligned with field boundaries shown on the Little Wratting tithe map.

1053 was a linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west in Trenches 173 and 174. Excavated in Trench 173 it measured 0.65m wide and 0.36m deep, with steep sloping sides. It is thought to be of a post-medieval date as its fill, 1054, a compact, mid brown, silt/clay with flecks of brick, matched that of ditch 1064 which is shown on the Little Wratting tithe map. Ditch 1053 also follows the alignment of other boundaries shown on the tithe map.

1059 and 1061 were a pair of parallel ditches, aligned north-east to south-west and clearly marking a field boundary shown on the Little Wratting tithe map, identified in Trenches 182 and 193. The earliest ditch, 1059, was 0.5m wide and 0.38m deep with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1060/1090, a compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay with occasional flints and chalk, was partially cut by 1061. This later ditch was up to 1.6m wide and 0.6m deep with steep sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1062/1091, was a compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay with flints, chalk and flecks of brick.

1064 was a linear ditch, aligned north-west to south-east and also marking a field boundary shown on the Little Wratting tithe map, identified in Trenches 181 and 184. Excavated in Trench 181 it measured 1.59m wide and 0.7m deep, with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1065, was a compact, mid grey/ brown, silt/clay with fragments of brick, very similar to that of ditch 1053.

1114 was a linear ditch, with 1112 a later recut, aligned north-east to south-west and clearly marking a field boundary shown on the Little Wratting tithe map, in Trench 209. 1114, which measured 0.5m wide and 0.4m deep with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, had a fill, 1115, of compact mid grey/orange/brown silt/clay, which was cut by 1112. This later ditch, which measured 0.5m wide and 0.64m deep, had steep sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1113, was a compact mid brown/grey silt/clay with chalk flecks from which two sherds of residual medieval pottery were collected. The two ditches also appeared to cross the western end of Trench 199.

1122 was a linear ditch, seen running north-west to south-east, in Trench 199. Measuring 1.5m wide and 0.5m deep, with near vertical sides and a flat base, it had a fill, 1123, of compact, mid/dark silt/clay. The ditch may be the same feature as one of the ditches seen in Trench 205 and matched the alignments of other boundaries thought to be post-medieval in date.

29 Figure 17. Phase III: Post-medieval sections, North-east field

5.3.4. Unphased

The bulk of the features within this field were undatable due to a lack of artefactual evidence. However the frequent undated features that are interspersed with the medieval activity in Trenches 197, 198, 208 and 209 are thought likely to be part of that phase. Other isolated scattered ditches seen throughout the field may be further parts of the network of post-medieval field boundaries and drainage ditches.

1045 was a circular pit, partially under the edge of Trench 172. Measuring 0.5m wide and 0.14m deep it had steep sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1046, was a compact mid grey/brown, silt/clay from.

1047 was a linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 175. Measuring 2.1m wide and 0.5m deep, it had steep sloping sides and a concave base with a shallower possible recut on

30 the eastern side. Its fill, 1048, was a compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay with occasional flints and chalk flecks.

1049 was a linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 175. Measuring 0.6m wide and 0.3m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1050, of compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay with chalk.

1055/1057 was a linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west and identified in Trenches 178 and 179 respectively. Measuring 1m wide and 0.2m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a flat base, it had a fill, 1056/1058, of compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay with flints and chalk.

1066 was a linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 192. Measuring 0.72m wide and 0.14m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1067, of compact, dark grey/brown, silt/clay.

1068 was a linear ditch, aligned north to south, in Trench 185. Measuring 0.7m wide and 0.17m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a flat base, it had a fill, 1069, of compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay with occasional flints.

1074 was a linear ditch, aligned east to west, in Trench 186. Measuring 2m wide and 0.48m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1075, of compact, mid green/brown, silt/clay with occasional flints and chalk.

1076 was a broad linear ditch, aligned north to south, in Trench 187. Excavated by machine it measured 3.8m wide and 0.4m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1077, was a compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay with occasional flints and chalk.

1078 was a linear ditch, aligned north-west to south-east, in Trench 186. Measuring 0.75m wide and 0.23m deep, with steep sloping sides, it had a fill, 1079, of compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay with occasional flints and chalk.

1080 was a small circular pit in Trench 187, measuring 0.7m in diameter and 0.14m deep with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1081, was a compact, mid brown, silt/clay.

1082 was a linear ditch, aligned north to south, in Trench 186. Measuring 0.67m wide and 0.15m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1083, of compact, mid green/brown, silt/clay with occasional flints and chalk.

1084 was a linear gully, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 195. Measuring 0.9m wide and 0.19m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1085, of compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay.

1086 was a small circular pit in Trench 195. Measuring 0.7m in diameter and 0.08m deep it had gentle sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1087, was a compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay with chalk.

1092 was an oval pit, partially under the edge of Trench 195 and cut by a modern drain. Measuring 1.7m+ long, 1.4m wide and 0.5m deep it had steep sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1093, was a compact, dark grey/black/brown, silt/ clay with moderate amounts of charcoal.

1094 was a small circular pit in Trench 209. Measuring 0.5m in diameter and 0.06m deep it had gentle sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1095, was a compact, dark grey/brown silt/clay.

31 1096 was a linear gully, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 206. Measuring 0.35m wide and 0.15m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1097, of compact, mid green/brown, silt/clay with flints and chalk.

1098 was a linear ditch, aligned north to south and possibly being the same feature as 1102, in Trench 206. Measuring 1.2m wide and 0.35m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1099, of compact, mid black/brown, silt/clay with flints and chalk which contained a single sherd of probably residual prehistoric pottery.

1100 was a linear ditch, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 206. Measuring 0.8m wide and 0.3m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1101, of compact, mid green/brown, silt/clay with flints and chalk.

1102 was a linear ditch, aligned north to south and possibly being the same feature as 1098, in Trench 207. Measuring 1m wide and 0.3m deep, with moderate sloping sides on either side of a deep central channel, it had a fill, 1103, of compact, mid/dark brown, silt/clay with charcoal, chalk and traces of daub.

1116 was a broad linear ditch in Trench 205. Aligned north-east to south-west it appeared to just corner 90° within the trench. Measuring 1.6m wide and 0.35m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base it had a fill, 1117, of compact, mid/dark brown, silt/clay. A similar ditch, also on a north-east to south-west alignment, was identified to the south of 1116 but was not excavated.

1124 was a possible pit partially under the edge of Trench 209. Measuring 1m wide and 0.36m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1125, of compact mid orange/brown silt/clay.

1126 was a linear ditch, aligned north-west to south-east, in Trench 209. Measuring 1.25m wide and 0.2m deep it had gentle sloping sides and a concave base. The basal fill, 1128, was a compact, light green/brown, silt/clay with occasional chalk inclusions. Above this was 1127, a compact, dark brown/black, silt/clay.

1130 was a linear ditch, aligned north to south, in Trench 198. Measuring 0.7m wide and 0.35m deep, with steep sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1131, of compact, dark grey/brown, silt/clay with chalk.

1132 was a linear ditch, aligned north-west to south-east, in Trench 196. Measuring 1.1m wide and 0.26m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1133, of compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay.

1134 was a linear ditch, aligned west to east, in Trench 208. Measuring 0.96m wide and 0.18m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1135, of compact, light grey/brown silt/clay with occasional flints and chalk.

1136 was a circular pit in Trench 208. Measuring 0.5m in diameter and 0.2m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1137, of compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay with occasional flints and chalk.

32 1146 was a linear ditch, aligned north-west to south-east, in Trench 196. Measuring 1.7m wide and 0.32m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1147, of compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay.

1148 was a linear gully, aligned north-east to south-west, in Trench 208. Measuring 0.5m wide and 0.2m deep, with steep sloping sides and a concave base, it was cut to the south by 1164. Its fill, 1149, was a compact, mid orange/brown silt/clay.

1150 was a circular pit in Trench 208. Measuring 0.4m in diameter and 0.2m deep, with steep sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1151, of compact, dark brown silt/clay with occasional flecks of charcoal and chalk.

1154 was a circular pit in Trench 208. Measuring 0.4m in diameter and 0.18m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1155, of compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay.

1156 was a circular pit in Trench 208, lying close to 1154. Measuring 0.4m in diameter and 0.16m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1157, of compact, mid grey/brown/orange silt/clay.

1158 was a linear gully, aligned east to west, in Trench 208. Measuring 0.8m wide and 0.3m deep, with steep sloping sides and a concave base, its fill, 1159, was a compact, mid grey/orange/brown silt/clay.

1160 was a circular pit lying immediately to the south of 1158 in Trench 208. Measuring 0.5m in diameter and 0.12m deep it had moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1161, was a compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay.

1162 was a curvilinear double ditch, aligned east to west, in Trench 198. Apparently terminating to the west it measured 1.4m wide and consisted of two adjacent cuts, the northern being 0.6m wide and 0.2m deep, the southern 0.8m wide and 0.3m deep. The single fill of the two cuts, 1163, was a compact, mid/dark brown silt/clay with charcoal and chalk flecks.

1172 was an elongated pit, aligned east-west, in Trench 208. Cut by another possible pit on its eastern side it measured 0.9m wide and 0.18m deep with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1173, was a compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay.

1174 was a linear ditch, aligned east to west, in Trench 198. Measuring 1.6m wide and 0.46m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a concave base, it lay adjacent to pit 1180 with which the relationship was unclear. Its fill, 1175, was a compact, light grey/brown silt/clay with occasional flints and chalk.

1195 was a possible linear gully, just seen on the edge of Trench 197 where it was cut by the combined ditch group 1184/1188/1193 and 1178. Measuring 0.21m+ wide and 0.16m deep it had steep sloping sides and a concave base with a fill, 1196, of compact, mid orange/grey/brown silt/clay with flecks of chalk.

1197 was a small circular pit, cutting 1199, lying partially under the edge of Trench 197. Measuring c.0.38m in diameter and 0.1m deep, with steep sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1198, of compact, mid grey/brown silt/clay.

33 1199 was a probable circular pit, cut by 1197, lying partially under the edge of Trench 197. Measuring 0.92m wide and 0.2m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1200, of compact, light grey/brown silt/clay.

1203 was a circular posthole in Trench 197. Measuring 0.5m wide and 0.1m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a concave base it had a fill, 1204, of compact, mid/dark grey/brown silt/clay with flecks of charcoal.

1228 was a linear ditch, aligned east-west and lying immediately to the north of 1230 in Trench 197. Measuring 0.74m wide and 0.38m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1229 of compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay with occasional flints and chalk.

1230, which lay immediately adjacent to 1228, was 0.74m wide and 0.42m deep, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 1231, was a compact, mid grey/brown/orange, silt/clay with occasional flints and chalk.

1234 was a linear ditch, aligned north to south, in Trench 197. Measuring 1.2m wide and 0.15m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 1235, of compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay with occasional flecks of charcoal and chalk.

34 Figure 18. Unphased sections, North-east field

35 Figure 19. Unphased sections, North-east field

36 5.4. South-east field: Trenches 210-227

This field lay to the east of Boyton Hall, to the south of the farm complex’s original main access track, and consisted of level ground on the southern edge of the plateau overlooking the Stour Brook. Trenching along the main road frontage was not possible due to overhead powerlines. Further evidence of the medieval phase of activity seen to the north was identified, with one distinct cluster of features in the area of Trench 214 and a second in an expanded Trench 210. The remaining trenches were devoid of any archaeological deposits except for two undated ditches in Trench 217.

5.4.1 Medieval

0095, 0097, 0099, 0101 and 0108 were a series of parallel ditches in Trench 214, broadly aligned east to west and parallel to the trackway which lay c.15m to the north.

The northern ditch, 0095 was a 0.5m wide, 0.2m deep gully with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0096, was a compact mid grey/brown, silt/clay with occasional flint, charcoal and chalk from which two sherds of medieval pottery were recovered.

0097 lay 1.3m to the south of 0095 and was a 1.5m wide, 0.45m deep ditch with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0098, was a compact mid grey/brown, silt/clay with occasional large flints or cobbles, charcoal and chalk from which twelve sherds of medieval pottery were recovered.

0099 lay immediately to the south of 0097 and was a 0.6m wide, 0.2m deep gully with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0100, was a compact mid grey/brown, silt/clay with occasional flints, charcoal and chalk from which forty-two sherds of medieval pottery were recovered.

0101 lay 0.5m to the south of 0099 and was a 0.8m wide, 0.25m deep ditch with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0102, was a compact mid/dark grey/brown, silt/clay with occasional flints, charcoal and chalk from which forty-four sherds of medieval pottery were recovered. Lying against the north edge of the cut were three large rim sherds, 0103, from a medieval vessel whilst at the base of the ditch lay nine sherds from another medieval vessel, 0104. Lying under 0102 was a small deposit of burnt charcoal mixed with blackened clay and occasional fragments of burnt bone, 0105.

Finally, lying separately some c.6m to the south was a fifth parallel ditch, 0108. Measuring 0.9m wide and 0.3m deep, with steep sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill of compact, light/mid grey/brown silt/clay with occasional flint, charcoal and chalk flecks from which five sherds of medieval pottery were recovered.

None of these five ditches was identified in Trench 227 to the west. To the east, in Trench 226 0095 appeared to continue as 0114, a 0.5m wide and 0.1m deep ditch with a fill, 0115 of compact, light brown/orange/grey, silt/clay with occasional charcoal and chalk flecks from which four sherds of medieval pottery were recovered.

One of 0097, 0099 or 0101 may have continued as 0112, a 1.4m wide ditch with a fill, 0113, of compact, light brown, silt/clay with occasional charcoal and chalk flecks which although undated is thought to be part of this phase of activity. 0112 was cut by 0110, a 1m wide, north-east to

37 south-west aligned ditch, with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. The fill, 0111, was a compact, mid/dark brown silt/clay with flints, charcoal and chalk flecks.

Also in Trench 226, to the north of ditch 0114 was 0116, an undated small posthole measuring 0.5m in diameter and 0.1m deep with gentle sloping sides and a flat base. Its fill, 0117, was a compact, mid brown silt/clay with chalk flecks. It is thought to be contemporary with the adjacent features.

Finally in this cluster of features was, 0118, a possible pit or ditch terminus partially within Trench 224. Measuring c.1.5m wide and 0.35m deep it had moderate sloping sides and an irregular base with a fill, 0119, of dark brown/black, charcoal stained silt/clay with inclusions of daub, chalk and flint from which a single sherd of medieval pottery was recovered.

The second cluster of features was contained wholly within Trench 210. A series of four, evenly spaced, parallel ditches, aligned east to west were seen in the western north to south aligned arm of the trench, again all aligned roughly with the trackway to the north.

0120, the southernmost ditch, was a 1.3m wide, 0.5m deep ditch with gentle sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0121, was a compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay with chalk flecks from which a single sherd of medieval pottery was recovered.

0122 lay 4m north of 0120 and was a 1.3m wide, 0.52m deep ditch with near vertical sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0123, was a compact, mid grey/orange/brown, silt/clay with chalk flecks from a single sherd of medieval pottery was recovered. A possible continuation of 0122 was seen but not excavated in another section of Trench 210 to the east.

0132 lay 4m north of 0122 and was a 0.8m wide, 0.12m deep ditch with moderate sloping sides and a flat base. Its fill, 0133, was a compact, mid grey/orange, silt/clay with chalk flecks. Although undated it appears to be contemporary with the adjacent parallel medieval ditches.

0130 was the northernmost of the ditch series, lying 4m north of 0132. A 0.9m wide and 0.3m deep ditch, with gentle sloping sides and a concave base it had a fill, 0131, of compact, dark grey/brown, silt/clay with charcoal and chalk flecks from which eight sherds of medieval pottery were recovered.

Immediately to the north-east of 0130, in the main south-east to north-west arm of the trench, was 0135, a north to south aligned ditch. Measuring 1.9m wide and 0.6m deep, with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Its fill, 0136, was a compact, mid grey/brown, silt/clay with charcoal and chalk flecks from which four sherds of medieval pottery were recovered.

Lying c.12m to the south-east of 0135 was 0134, a linear spread of flint cobbling set into the natural Boulder clay and apparently truncated by ploughing. Aligned north-east to south-west the edges of the spread were well defined although the flints, which ranged from 0.05m to 0.25m in diameter, were not that densely packed. Again undated it seems likely that this feature is broadly contemporary with the surrounding medieval features.

0128, a linear ditch, lay 1m east of 0135 on a roughly parallel alignment. Measuring 1.7m wide and 0.6m deep it had moderate sloping sides with a deeper, vertical sided trench at the centre. Its fill, 0129, was a compact, dark grey, silt/clay with charcoal and chalk flecks. Again undated it seems likely that this feature is broadly contemporary with the surrounding medieval features.

38 Immediately to the east of 0128 were two possible pits, 0124 and 0126 lying adjacent to each other, partially under the trench edge. 0124 was 0.9m wide and 0.2m deep with moderate sloping sides and a flat base. Its fill, 0125, was a compact, dark grey, silt/clay with charcoal and chalk flecks from which two sherds of medieval pottery were recovered.

A slot was excavated through the centre of the visible part of 0126, which was c.2m wide with steep sides. The slot was abandoned at 0.4m depth and the base of the feature was not seen. Its fill, 0127, was a compact, dark grey, silt/clay with charcoal and chalk flecks from which eight sherds of medieval pottery were recovered.

5.4.2. Unphased

Two ditches in Trench 217 were undated. 0091 was a linear ditch, aligned south-east to north- west. Measuring 1.8m wide and 0.55m deep, with gentle sloping sides and a concave base, it had a fill, 0092, of compact, light/mid orange/grey/brown, silt/clay with scattered flecks of charcoal.

0093 was also a linear ditch, aligned south-east to north-west. Measuring 1.3m wide and 0.3m deep, with steep sloping sides and a flat base, it had a fill, 0094, of compact, dark grey/brown, silt/clay with scattered flecks of charcoal and charcoal.

39 0 25 50 013501350135 210  013001300130 013401340134 metres 013201320132 012801280128

012201220122 012601260126 012401240124 225 012001200120 0122?0122?0122? 0122?0122?0122? 212 227 011801180118

011601160116 224 211 009500950095 009500950095 011401140114 009900990099 011401140114 009700970097 010101010101 011201120112 011001100110 011201120112

010801080108 213 215 214 226 216 220

009300930093

009100910091 218 009100910091 223 219 217

221 222

)

Figure 20. South-west field, Trenches 210-227 plan

40 Figure 21. Sections - Trenches 210-227

(

003 012 001 002 014 004 013 PhasePhase I:I: Pre-medievalPre-medieval features/findsfeatures/finds 015 006 016 Phase II: Medieval features 005 084 017 007 018 Phase III: Post-medieval features

009 083 ( Undated features 019 ( 086 010 020 087 008 085 Parish boundary 032 011 088 022 096 Pre C20th parish boundary 082 089 098 031 021 023 091 ( ( 033 081 030 094 102 0 100 200 097 099 034 024 090 080 166 092 095 026 069 101 168 metres 167 ( 093 103 100 ( 173 025 078 105 183 027 067 079 169 180 029 170 181 106 ( 165 107 104 163 184 028 068 162 073 077 172 190 174 182 035 159 171 066 075 076 113 108 160 178 186 189 164 179 112 161 155 188 036 109 ( 072 114 176 177 037 064 ( 040 158 ( ( 185 187 074 111 156 175 065 115 154 038 148 110 147 194 193 192 191 116 117 ( 041 059 071 063 070 149 157 062 120 039 200 195 205 196 199 146 151 118 153 WTL 009 201 152 198 ( 203 202 122 119 143 144 197 121 145 206 061 150 228 043 057 058 130 042 050 051 052 060 056 139 207 ( 123 209 ( 142 204 210 208 045 131 141 ( 128 138 055 132 053 140 225 044 212 049 211 129 124 ( 227 224 046 215 214 226 047 133 213 054 125 216 220 048 135 134 127 218 126 223 217 137 219 136 ( (

( HVH 065

( 222 ) 221 (

)

(

Figure 22. Spot location phase plan

42 6. Finds and environmental evidence

6.1. Introduction

Table 1 shows the quantities of finds collected during the both parts of the evaluation. A full quantification by context is included as Appendix 4.1 and 4.2.

Find type No. Wt/g Pottery 724 6357 CBM 6 168 Fired clay 27 138 Glass 1 2 Lava quern 26 3963 Burnt flint/stone 1 58 Animal bone 59 532 Shell 2 50 Table 1. Bulk finds quantities. 6.2. Pottery

A total of 724 fragments of pottery were recovered from both parts of the evaluation, weighing 6.357kg. Although some prehistoric and Roman pottery was present, the majority of the ceramics date to the medieval period. Much of the pottery is fragmentary, but the substantial remains of four medieval vessels were recorded.

6.2.1. Methodology

The ceramics were quantified using the recording methods recommended in the MPRG Occasional Paper No 2, Minimum standards for the processing, recording, analysis and publication of Post-Roman ceramics (Slowikowski et al 2001). This was also undertaken for the earlier pottery from the evaluation. The number of sherds present in each context by fabric, the estimated number of vessels represented and the weight of each fabric was noted. Other characteristics such as form, decoration and condition were recorded, and an overall date range for the pottery in each context was established. The ceramics were catalogued on proforma sheets by context using letter codes based on fabric and form and the information has been inputted into the database (Appendices 4.3 and 4.4).

The codes are based on broad fabric and form types used by Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service, supplemented for the Post-Roman material by additional codes used in Eighteen centuries of pottery from Norwich (Jennings 1981).

6.2.3. Pottery by period Prehistoric

A total of 71sherds (0.247kg) are prehistoric, with the largest quantity recovered from HVH 064. A number of flint-tempered body sherds, which cannot be closely dated, were present in pit/ditch fill 0070 (HVH 064). Several hand-made wares, made in sandy and organic fabrics, including the rim of a small jar may be Iron Age in date, although they could also be Early Saxon. This pottery was found in topsoil deposit 0004, with sherds of a similar date in the possible hillwash deposit 0007. Three very small sherds of a single, fine-walled vessel with sparse small flint inclusions in pitfill 0072 may also be Iron Age.

Two fragments of hand-made grog-tempered ware from pitfill 1071 from WTL 008 are likely to be Bronze Age, and a small abraded body sherd of sand and organic tempered ware found in pitfill 1237 may be Iron Age or Early Saxon.

43 Roman

A small quantity of Roman pottery was recovered from both parts of the evaluation (5 sherds @ 0.126kg). Three sherds from HVH 064 are all early Roman, although none can be associated with Roman features. A single base sherd from a sandy greyware was an unstratified find in Trench 4 and a very abraded fragment of a combed, grog-tempered vessel was found in 0008, a possible hillwash deposit in Trench 15. Two abraded fragments of another grog-tempered storage jar were recovered from ditchfill 1177 in Trench 198.

Medieval

The remainder of the pottery is almost exclusively medieval (664 sherds @ 5.849kg). Small quantities of earlier medieval fabrics such as Early Medieval Shell and Chalk and Early Medieval Chalky were present from WTL 008, but the sherds were associated with full medieval coarsewares and may be residual. St Neots-type wares were recorded on three occasions from both parts of the evaluation. Although represented for the most part by single sherds, a substantial part of a large bowl (rim diameter c380mm) was found in one of the ditchfills of 0101 on its northern edge (HVH 064). St Neots-type ware spans the Late Saxon to medieval periods (c850-1150) but this particular vessel is likely to be medieval. It is classified as a St Neots Type T1(2) which, it is suggested, has a date range of 1000-1200 (Denham 1985, 54). The bowl shows no evidence of usage such as sooting or any internal residues.

The major part of the medieval assemblage is made up of coarsewares. This collective term is assigned to fine to medium sandy greywares which were made in a number of production sites in the region. These include the kilnsites at Mile End and Great Horkesley, near Colchester (Drury and Petchey, 1975), and Middleborough (Cotter, 2000). By far the most frequent specific fabric is Hedingham coarseware, which was produced in kilns at Sible Hedingham in north Essex. The fabric has a fine micaceous matrix and contains moderate white, grey and colourless sub-angular quartz sand and sparse iron oxide. Several variants of this fabric have been identified, such as Hedingham coarseware fine, a sub-type recorded on this evaluation. Medieval coarsewares and Hedingham coarsewares were present in many of the ditches and pits from both parts of the evaluation. Although often the features can only be dated to the Late 12th to 13th century, there are indications that many of them contain pottery with a slightly narrower date range. There are several examples of coarseware jars with thickened flat-topped rims from the evaluation which date from the late 12th to first half of the 13th century (Cotter 2000, 94). A small quantity of neckless rims were also recorded (for example, in WTL 008 1121), and recent research for Colchester groups suggests that this rim variant is likely to be commonly in use by 1250-1275 (Cotter 2000, 94).

Several large sherds from a single jar were present in gully fill 1179 (WTL 008). The vessel is made in a soft red/brown fabric with medium sand and quartz and iron oxide inclusions (possibly a Mile End product). It is decorated with shallow thumbed applied strips which run vertically and horizontally, and has a curved everted rim and globular body. Current research suggests that such vessels date to the second half of the thirteenth century or later (Cotter 2000, 96). Substantial remains of another coarseware jar were also present in pitfill 1233 (WTL 008).

Two small sherds of unglazed Colchester ware were present in pitfill 1206 of WTL008. They were accompanied by a sherd of Hedingham Coarseware (Fine variant) and are likely to date to the late 13th century.

44 A number of glazed wares were also identified from the evaluation (29 sherds @ 0.197kg). These consist of fragments of Hedingham Fineware jugs dating to the mid 12th to mid 13th century. The best examples are fragments of a stamped strip jug dating to the thirteenth century present in ditchfill 1145 of WTL 008 (Trench 209).

6.2.3. The significance of the pottery

Relatively small quantities of pre-Roman and Roman pottery were recovered from both parts of the excavation. The greatest amount, 21 sherds of flint-tempered pottery, was found in the fill of pit or ditch 0069 (HVH 064 Trench 126), but for the most part the early pottery appears to reflect the survival of isolated features on the higher ground. It may be worth noting however, that the two fragments of Roman pottery from HVH 064 date to the Early Roman period, which is consistent with the dating suggested by the Roman pottery recovered from WTL 009/HVH 065. For the Post-Roman period, a single fragment of St Neots-type ware was the only sherd present in HVH 064, ditchfill 0121, (Trench 210), which could be Late Saxon rather than early medieval in date. A small number of medieval wares dating to the 11th-12th century was present in association with later medieval coarsewares in WTL008, but the bulk of the pottery dates to the late 12th-13th centuries. The well-preserved St Neots-type bowl and selected medieval coarsewares have been recommended for illustration, to be included in the analysis stage of the pottery from any future excavation resulting from the evaluation.

Considerable quantities of medieval pottery were recovered from a range of features including the fills of ditches and gullies, and several substantial pits which were aligned on either side of the trackway leading to the probable medieval site of Alderton Chapel.

The range of medieval pottery recovered from both parts of the evaluation is similar to other assemblages excavated in the area, such as Haverhill Bypass site (HVH 022), (Walker, unpublished archive report). One difference is that Hedingham Fineware was the only glazed ware identified from the recent evaluations, which may be a reflection of the rural nature of the settlement and lack of demand or supply of more regional wares such as Mill Green ware. Other sites at Burton End and Puddlebrook, Haverhill have also produced assemblages which include these pottery types (Anderson, S., 2000). Only a single fragment of post-medieval pottery was identified from ditchfill 0010 (HVH 064), supporting the documentary evidence that by the early post-medieval period the land had been sold and had reverted to agricultural use.

The two assemblages of pottery provide valuable evidence of a long-gone settlement which was focused on the nearby chapel during the medieval period. Although a standard range of medieval coarsewares is represented, the groups form a useful addition to the overall pattern of ceramics for this area. It is recommended that the pottery data from the evaluations should be included in the analysis of the ceramics recovered from any future excavation work, and that consultation with ceramic specialists in Essex should be undertaken to ensure that the latest fabric research is taken into account.

6.3. Ceramic Building Material (CBM) and fired clay

Only very small quantities of ceramic building material were collected from both evaluation areas (6 fragments @ 168g). An abraded fragment of Roman ceramic building material was the only find present in WTL 008, pitfill 1012. Two fragments of post-medieval rooftile were identified in ditchfill 1065 (WTL 008). Another small abraded fragment of tile present in ditchfill 0136 (HVH 0136) may also be Roman, but was found with sherds of medieval pottery.

45 Twenty-seven fragments of fired clay were recovered, mainly from WTL 008 (0.138kg). All the material was made in fine-medium sandy fabrics with moderate chalk inclusions. The fragments are small and abraded and no structural impressions were recorded. The largest quantity of fragments made in the same fabric was found in pitfill 1237(Trench 175), with a sherd of prehistoric pottery.

6.4. Burnt flint

A single fragment of burnt flint weighing 0.058kg found in ditchfill 0102 (HVH 064 Trench 214) was discarded.

6.5. Miscellaneous

A single fragment of post-medieval bottle glass was present in ditchfill 1039 from Little Wratting.

A total of 26 fragments of Rhenish lavastone was recovered from the evaluation (3.963kg). Most of the fragments were recovered from the fills of ditch 1211 in WTL 008, with the largest piece (SF 1506) coming from the upper fill 1219. The grinding stone has a diameter of c500mm, a size which is rather large for a domestic rotary quern although small for a millstone. The fragment is part of an upper stone of early medieval date, with a collar on the undressed surface to receive the corn. The stone is heavily worn on the underside, especially around the outer edge.

6.6. Small Finds

Fourteen small finds recorded from WTL 008 and HVH 064. A breakdown of these by material is shown below:

Material Quantity Iron 9 Copper alloy 3 Stone 2 Total 14 Table 2: Small finds by material

6.6.1. Iron (undergoing radiography)

Four iron fragments from HVH 064 were recovered, mainly from ditchfills. Three are likely to be the shafts of nails, and a third is a U-shaped staple. The iron from WTL 008 is also fragmentary, with a part of a riveted strip (SF 1505) found in the same pitfill 1219 as the medieval grinding stone. A possible blade fragment was recorded in 0139.

6.6.2. Copper alloy

Three copper alloy artefacts were recovered from the evaluation at WTL 008. A small buckle with an oval frame with narrowed bar was found in 1121 (SF 1503), the lowest fill of the

46 pit/ditch 1118, in Trench 209, which was dug on the northern side of the trackway leading to Chapel Farm. It is medieval, and was found with pottery dating to the thirteenth century, with some earlier wares (Egan, 1991, Fig. 42, 70). A cylindrical fragment of an undecorated rolled sheet (SF 1501) was recovered by metal detector from the surface of 1174/1180. A folded token (SF1500) was also recovered by metal detector from the ploughsoil immediately to the south of Trench 196 (fig. 13).

6.6.3. Stone

Two joining fragments of a fine-grained, slightly micaceous moulded stone were present in pitfill 1225 (WTL 008). They are semi-circular in section, and have a diameter of 220mm. The fragments show no evidence of mortar or paint. It seems likely that they are architectural in their function, and may represent stone which was removed from the chapel during its demolition, as they were found in a trench which was relatively close to the east-west trackway.

Small find number (SF 1506) was given to the large fragment of lavastone described above.

6.7. Biological evidence 6.7.1. Animal bone

Fifty-nine fragments of animal bone were collected from the evaluations (0.532kg). The majority of the assemblage is extremely fragmentary and in many cases small undiagnostic splinters of bone shafts are the only surviving remnants. The best preserved bone came from the Little Wratting part of the evaluation, and was recovered from ditchfills 1171 (bovine and equine molars) and 1187 (equine metacarpus).

6.7.2. Shell

Only two oyster shells were collected from both parts of the evaluation (50g). Both of these were recovered from ditchfills. After recording these were discarded.

6.7.3. Plant macrofossils Introduction and method statement

A single bulk environmental sample was taken from an undated cremation, 1089, lying within a small pit, 1088. 100% of the pit fill was removed and submitted for the retrieval of the plant macrofossil assemblage, the bone and any other remains.

The sample was processed by manual water flotation/washover and the flot was collected in a 500 micron mesh sieve. The dried flot was scanned under a binocular microscope at magnifications up to x 16 and the plant macrofossils and other remains recorded are listed below on Table 1. All plant remains were charred.

The residue was collected in a 1mm mesh sieve and dried. The entire residue will be submitted for the specialist retrieval of the burnt bone fragments.

47 Results

The plant macrofossil assemblage was entirely composed of charcoal/charred wood fragments, some of which were of a comparatively large size (>5mm). A moderate density of the charcoal had a very flaked appearance, possibly indicative of combustion at a high temperature. Burnt bone fragments were abundant but other remains were extremely scarce, comprising a small piece of possible ferrous concretion and small pellets of burnt or fired clay.

Conclusions and recommendations for further work

In this instance, wood/charcoal appear to have been the favoured fuels for the pyre, with no evidence for the use of small plant material for kindling. Materials appropriate for AMS dating were not recorded, but the larger fragments of charcoal may be suitable for identification and C14 dating. These can be separated from the main assemblage if required.

OP No. 1089 Feature No. 1088 Feature type Cremation Charcoal <2mm xxxx Charcoal >2mm xxx Charcoal >5mm x Other materials Bone xxxxb Burnt/fired clay X Ferrous concretion x Sample volume (litres) 10 Volume of flot (litres) 0.3 % flot sorted 50% Table 3. Charred plant macrofossils and other remains

Key to Table x = 1–10 specimens xx = 10–50 specimens xxx = 50–100 specimens xxxx = 100+ specimens b = burnt

6.8. Discussion of the finds evidence

Small quantities of prehistoric and Roman finds were recovered from scattered features from both evaluations. For the most part these finds are not closely datable, but the few sherds of Roman pottery from HVH 064 are mainly Early Roman, which is consistent with the pottery from the evaluation at Boyton Hall (HVH 065).

The bulk sample of the potential cremation, 1088, has collected a flot residue of burnt bone fragments. Further analysis of this sample, to confirm whether the bone is indeed human, should be included in any further program of archaeological work.

Although there is a small number of sherds of pottery which date to the Late Saxon - Early medieval period, the majority of the finds consist of medieval pottery recovered from the fills of pits and ditches, with small quantities of fired clay, animal bone, and shell. A few other types of finds were also recovered, such as the well-preserved lavastone fragment in ditchfill 1211, with a small number of iron and copper alloy finds, which are more suggestive of occupation. A study of the pottery suggests that the main emphasis of the medieval activity took place during the late 12th-13th century, with sparse evidence of activity dating to the 16th century or later.

48 One of the most striking elements of the assemblages from both evaluations is the lack of finds types apart from pottery. Only very small quantities of animal bone and oyster shell were recovered, which have been found in more standard amounts elsewhere from Haverhill excavations. The lack of ceramic building material might be explained by the fact that any medieval dwellings are likely to have been constructed of wattle and daub or similar materials and were not high status enough to have been roofed with tiles.

The plentiful ceramics recovered from both parts of the evaluation, together with the stratigraphic evidence show clear evidence of a settlement, which appears to have been focussed around the area of the medieval chapel. It is recommended that the finds from these evaluations are included in further ceramic analysis undertaken after the site undergoes excavation. The possibility of these sites being included in a synthetic publication covering other unpublished sites in the Haverhill area should also be considered.

49 7. Discussion

7.1. Phase I: Pre-medieval

Only a few features contained datable material from before the Late Saxon/Early medieval period, with further occasional pottery sherds recovered from the colluvial hillwash deposits. Of prehistoric and Roman date these features are not evidence of any measurable level of past activity, merely demonstrating that, over such an extensive area of high ground, isolated scattered features will generally be identified. Similar scatters of prehistoric or Roman features have been recorded on nearby sites such as HVH 019, 1.3km to the south-east (Craven 2002) or HVH 059, 1km to the south-east (Craven in prep). There was no indication, particularly in the south-west part of the site, that the Bronze Age settlement seen at WTH 011 and WTH 012 extended into the evaluation area.

7.2. Phase II: Medieval

The main area of activity identified in the evaluation is concentrated on either side of the trackway leading to the site of Alderton Chapel/Chapel Farm, predominantly in Trenches 197, 198, 208 and 209. The archaeological deposits relate to a phase of medieval occupation, mainly from the late 12th to the 14th century. A few finds indicated a possible earlier origin for the settlement in the Late Saxon/Early medieval period of the 10th-11th centuries. The archaeological deposits were relatively well preserved, there was only occasional disturbance caused by modern drainage pipes and features were generally sealed beneath a layer of silt/clay subsoil which had protected them from plough damage.

The medieval activity lies in a 35m wide strip on the north side of the trackway for a distance of c.120m. The northern limit of this strip appears to broadly align with the boundary of the field to west. The area of occupation also extends through this latter field, which was simultaneously evaluated as WTL 009, continuing along the north edge of the track. Activity on the south side of the trackway was limited to two distinct but contemporary clusters of features. The areas of activity appear to be well defined, with a sharp drop in the number of features being identified in trenches immediately beyond these limits.

Identified features consisted of a mixture of linear ditches, postholes and a range of pits of varying sizes. Linear ditches generally respect the alignment of the trackway, being either on a parallel or 90° alignment, which demonstrates that the track is at least of a contemporary date. These ditches probably had mixed functions, for drainage of the heavy clay soils and as boundaries between a series of plots along the track. In some cases these ditches appear to have become silted up and subsequently recut several times, implying that these boundaries were probably in use throughout the period of occupation.

Possible evidence for structures consists of features such as the group of postholes in Trench 209 or the pairs of small pits in Trench 197. The linear cobbled feature, 0134, does not appear to be solid enough for either a foundation or the base of a wall and is perhaps more likely to be a cobbled track or yard surface. The stray piece of carved sandstone in pit 1224 may be architectural in origin, and perhaps has come from the nearby chapel. No defined layout of any structure was identified during the evaluation but this may largely be due to the limited nature of the trenching.

The remaining features were a mixture of scattered pits, often in close proximity to one another and occasionally of a substantial size, for example pit 1118. The function of these pits is

50 generally unclear, with the obvious explanation of rubbish pits not being substantiated by the finds assemblages. While they often contained substantial quantities of pottery sherds, for example features 1178, 1201 and 1232, there is a distinct lack of other typical midden deposits such as animal bone or charcoal. Other possible uses, particularly for the larger pits such as 1118, may have been for clay extraction, storage or, as many were seen to reach the water table or hold water after period of rainfall, as water storage tanks/wells.

The pottery assemblage predominantly consists of local domestic wares, which is to be expected of a rural agricultural settlement. However the distinct lack of other finds material mentioned above is unexpected in such an area of apparent rural occupation. Very little in the way of animal bone, shell or other organic deposits were recovered, particularly in comparison to the size of the pottery assemblage. Many of the medieval features contained scattered quantities of charcoal but no intensive deposits that would indicate the immediate presence of hearths and domestic waste were seen. This does show that the medieval occupation, in this case believed to be associated with a chapel, is of a clearly different function to that seen at Burton End, HVH 035 (Willett 2000), despite the broadly similar pottery assemblages. This site, which lies 2.5km to the south- west, lies at a similar distance from the medieval town but the vast quantity of animal bone recovered indicates an industrial or trade function such as a horse market or knackers yard.

Little is known of Alderton Chapel, its exact location is unclear and the earliest documentary references, as noted in the HER record and Appendix 3, appear to date from the 15th century. The 12th-14th century occupation identified in the evaluation cannot therefore be definitively linked to the presence of the Chapel. However it seems likely that the presence of this medieval settlement was associated with the Chapel, particularly as the trackway appears to be contemporary, giving a possible date for its establishment. Alternatively it is possible that the settlement may have been centered upon an earlier building of the Late Saxon/medieval period which was later replaced by the Chapel.

7.3. Phase III: Post-medieval

All of the activity in this phase relates to the use of the site as open farmland, which it is known to have been since the medieval period. A series of substantial ditches were identified across the site and were mainly datable due to their clear correlation with boundaries shown on the various 19th century maps. Other ditches have been dated by material finds or circumstantial evidence such as similarity in size, alignment and fill types to confirmed post-medieval ditches. The 19th century maps clearly show a network of smaller fields that have been amalgamated during the 20th century by the infilling of these boundary ditches.

A majority of the unphased ditches seen across the site may also relate to former post-medieval field boundaries or drainage channels. As seen during periods of bad weather during the evaluation, the natural geology of heavy Boulder clay and overlying topsoil can rapidly become waterlogged during rainfall and takes considerable time to subsequently drain. Modern drainage pipes and mole drains were seen frequently throughout the trenching, often at intervals of only c.10m, demonstrating a high level of effort to deal with this problem during the 20th century. Similar drainage ditches were probably required in earlier periods and it seems likely that the majority of the undated ditches seen across the site are earlier medieval or post-medieval field drainage systems. Excavation at Chalkstone Way for instance, 1km to the south-east, on an area of similar geology and topography, has recently identified a series of dense parallel ditches thought to relate to post-medieval drainage (Craven in prep).

51 7.4. Unphased

While many of the identified features are undated it has been possible to broadly assign them to certain periods. The various scattered insubstantial pits and postholes, such as 0025 and 0027, may be further evidence of a low density scatter of prehistoric or Roman features or simply no more than natural disturbances. Most of the undated features in the area of medieval settlement are probably of a contemporary date and the majority of undated ditches across the wider site are believed to be post-medieval in date.

(

( PhasePhase II:II: MedievalMedieval featuresfeatures  ( UndatedUndated featuresfeatures

000 252525 505050 metresmetres

Figure 23. Proposed excavation areas

53 8. Conclusion and Recommendations

Only isolated and insubstantial pre-medieval deposits were identified throughout the site and do not indicate the presence of any phase of activity substantial enough to warrant further archaeological investigation prior to development. Likewise the network of post-medieval drainage ditches and field boundaries, often clearly shown on 19th century mapping, are, despite being vulnerable to disturbance from development, not thought to be of sufficient importance to merit further archaeological investigation.

The evaluation has however identified an area of settlement activity, dating to the medieval period, which requires further investigation prior to development. This area of occupation lies in close proximity to the former sites of Alderton Chapel and Chapel Farm, on either side of their former access trackway. The evaluation has identified deposits that indicate a possible Late Saxon or Early medieval origin for this settlement, with the main phase of activity occurring in the 12th-13th centuries. Further contemporary evidence of medieval occupation has also been located at WTL 009 in the adjacent field.

These deposits, combined with the results of WTL 009, clearly demonstrate the presence of medieval occupation, probably associated with Alderton Chapel, in the form of possible buildings, rubbish pits and subdivision of land extending along the line of the trackway. By the 15th century the medieval activity of pits, postholes and ditches had come to an end and the area had probably reverted to use as open farmland, probably being farmed by various tenants. By the 16th century the fields which were originally part of the Chapel’s estate had been sold into private ownership.

The medieval deposits are in three specific areas (Fig. 23), divided by the trackway, and are all vulnerable to disturbance from future development as the archaeological levels generally lie from 0.3m-0.5m below ground-level. While these deposits are not of sufficient importance to warrant preservation in situ it is recommended that these areas, in total measuring c.1.51ha, are the subject of archaeological excavation prior to development. Similarly a recommendation for excavation of the medieval deposits in the adjacent evaluation site WTL 009 has been made.

The specific site of Alderton Chapel is unknown, although it is thought most likely to lie somewhere under the properties of Boyton Hall, Chapel Cottage and the remaining farm buildings. Substantial development and hence archaeological work in the future within this defined area is unlikely to occur and so the specific site of the Chapel, together with information as to its date and size will likely remain unknown. Field excavation and subsequent assessment of the deposits thus identified within the two evaluations are of regional importance as they offer a chance to examine the wider rural agricultural settlement that was associated with the Chapel. This could help to provide data to meet such aims in the regional research framework (Wade 2000, 23-26) as the definition of rural settlement patterns, field systems and the agricultural economy.

Any post-excavation assessment is likely to recommend further analysis and publication, assuming that excavation results are as substantial as the evaluation indicates, with the aim of producing a detailed study of the Chapel and its settlement. The pottery assemblage recovered during the evaluation should be included within any such further work. In addition the site could form an important component of a wider study of medieval Haverhill, particularly in respect of its pottery assemblages, together with recent excavations such as that at Burton End, HVH 035 (Willett 2000).

54 Further documentary research, as part of the overall mitigation strategy, is also possible. It is recommended that this be carried out in conjunction with any future fieldwork, with the specific aims of establishing the history of land usage and ownership of the Chapel, its associated settlement and farmland.

It is recommended that requirements for any future development will involve the preservation of the Chapel’s access trackway, due to its presence as a historic feature of the landscape. Similarly the post-medieval roadway, now a field boundary, hedgeline and byway crossing the centre of the evaluation area.

J.A.Craven Project Officer Field Team, Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service December 2007

55 References

Anderson, S., 2000. ‘The Pottery’ in Burton End and Puddlebrook, Haverhill (HVH 035, 036, 037, 039). SCCAS Report No 2000/75

Cotter, J., 2000. Post-Roman pottery from excavations in Colchester, 1971-85.

Craven, J.A., in prep. Land off Chalkstone Way, Haverhill, HVH 059. SCCAS. Craven, J.A., 2002. Land south of Millfields Way, Haverhill. HVH 019. SCCAS Report No. 2002/123. Craven, J.A., 2007. Land at Boyton Hall, Haverhill, Suffolk, HVH 065 & WTL 009. SCCAS Report No. 144. Denham, V., 1985. ‘The pottery’ in Williams, J., Shaw, M., and Denham, V., Middle Saxon Palaces at Northampton.

Drury, P. J. and Petchey, M. R., 1975. Medieval potteries at Mile End and Great Horkesley, Near Colchester. Essex Archaeol. Hist. 7, p33-60.

Egan, G and Pritchard, F., 1991. Medieval finds from Excavations in London: 3 Dress Accessories c1150- c1450. HMSO. Gailey, S., 2007. Land at North West Haverhill, Suffolk. CgMs Consulting. Jennings, S., 1981. Eighteen centuries of pottery from Norwich, EAA Report No 13.

Slowikowski, A., Nenk, B., and Pearce, J., 2001. Minimum standards for the processing, recording, analysis and publication of Post-Roman ceramics. Medieval Pottery Research Group Occasional Paper No 2.

Wade, K., 2000. Anglo-Saxon and Medieval (Rural). In Brown, N. & Glazebrook, J., Research and Archaeology: A Framework for the Eastern Counties. 2. Research agenda and strategy. East Anglian Archaeology Occasional Paper no.8. Walker, H., The medieval pottery from Haverhill Bypass (HVH 022). Unpublished pottery report, SCCAS.

Willett, A., 2000. Burton End and Puddlebrook, Haverhill. HVH 035, 036, 037 and 039. SCCAS Report No. 2000/75.

Disclaimer

Any opinions expressed in this report about the need for further archaeological work are those of the Field Projects Division alone. The need for further work will be determined by the Local Planning Authority and its archaeological advisors when a planning application is registered. Suffolk County Council’s archaeological contracting service cannot accept responsibility for inconvenience caused to clients should the Planning Authority take a different view to that expressed in the report.

56 Appendix 1. HVH 064 and WTL 008 Trench list

Trench No Length Alignment Depth Subsoil type Features Notes Associated Op's

001 42 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil truncated by ploughing.

002 60 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil truncated by ploughing. 0002-0003

003 40 NW-SE 0.26m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil truncated by ploughing.

004 61 NE-SW 0.25m (NE) to 0.3m (SW) topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil truncated by ploughing. 0001 Single unstratified pottery sherd recovered. Modern land drain seen.

005 62 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

006 60 NW-SE 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

007 40 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Modern land drain. 0005-0006

008 63 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Overlies 0.15m of colluvial mid brown Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Gradual build up of colluvial clay/silt in SE 15m of trench. deposits in SE, downslope, part of trench.

009 60 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Unstratified pottery recovered. 0004

010 60 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Depth of hillwash deposit clay/silt which is 0.1m thick at NW trench end and apparently due to a natural hollow increases as the trench heads downslope to 0.8m set within the slope which is still thick at the SE trench end. partially visible in the undulating topography.

011 60 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. clay/silt which is 0.1m thick at SW trench increasing to 0.35m thick at the SE trench end.

012 62 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

013 62 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Modern land drain seen. 0009-0010

014 59 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Layer of colluvial mid brown clay/silt Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. starts 25m from NW trench end, reaching 0.4m thick at SE trench end.

Page 1 of 16 Trench No Length Alignment Depth Subsoil type Features Notes Associated Op's

015 60 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk Along line of valley base, parallel 0007-0008 clay/silt varying from 0.5m to 0.7m thick. (NE). Mid orange/brown clay and to drainage ditch. Pottery sherds gravel (SW). recovered from base of colluvial layer.

016 40 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Layer of colluvial mid brown clay/silt Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. in SE 10m of trench reaching 0.3m thick.

017 60 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Modern land drain seen.

018 61 NW-SE 0.27m-0.36m topsoil. Dark orange/brown clay/silt with chalk and gravel.

019 60 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid orange clay/silt. clay/silt varying from 0.3m to 0.6m thick.

020 59.5 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Natural hollow recorded at SW end of trench. Infilled with a thicker topsoil deposit.

021 59.3 NW-SE 0.35m - 0.75m topsoil. Mixed mid orange/brown clay/silt Natural hollow recorded in NW with gravel. 25m of trench. Infilled with a mid brown silt/clay and sealed under 0.75m of topsoil.

022 60 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Layer of colluvial mid brown clay/silt Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0011-0012 in SE 15m of trench reaching 0.3m thick.

023 60 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk clay/silt varying from 0.1m (NE) to 0.7m (SW) thick. (NE). Mid orange/brown clay/silt (SW).

024 37 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.9m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk mid brown clay/silt. or mid orange/brown clay/silt.

025 60 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid orange/brown clay/silt and Trench runs along base of slope, clay/silt varying from 0.5m (SW) to 1m (NE) thick. gravel. substantial colluvial deposits.

026 59 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Layer of colluvial mid brown clay/silt Mid orange/brown clay/silt and 0019-0020 starts to develop 15m from NW trench end, reaching gravel. 0.6m thick at SE trench end.

027 50 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk Natural hollow, infilled with 0023-0024 or mid orange/brown clay/silt and colluvial mid brown clay/silt and gravel. modern land drain recorded.

Page 2 of 16 Trench No Length Alignment Depth Subsoil type Features Notes Associated Op's

028 39 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying intermittent layer of colluvial Mid orange/brown clay/silt and mid brown clay/silt. gravel.

029 60 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid orange/brown clay/silt and Modern land drain seen. gravel.

030 60.5 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid orange/brown clay/silt and Varying cvolluvial deposits clay/silt varying from 0.45m to 0.67m thick. gravel. infilling natural undulations/hollows. Modern land drains seen.

031 60.7 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid orange/brown clay/silt and Archaeological features sealed 0013-0014, 0017- clay/silt varying from 0.18m to 0.37m thick. gravel. below colluvial layer. 0018

032 61 NE-SW 0.25m-0.3m of topsoil. Overlies 0.29m of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0015-0016 mid brown clay/silt at SW end of trench.

033 39.8 NW-SE 0.27m-0.3m of topsoil. Overlies 0.2m of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Shallow, colluvial infilled, hollow 0021-0022 mid brown clay/silt at centre of trench. at centre of trench. Ditch sealed below this deposit.

034 61.2 NE-SW 0.27m-0.32m of topsoil. Mid orange/brown clay/silt and Modern land drains seen. gravel.

035 54 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Layer of colluvial mid brown clay/silt Mid orange/brown clay/silt and Archaeological features sealed 0025-0028 starts to develop 20m from NW trench end, reaching gravel plus patches of mid below colluvial layer. 0.8m thick at SE trench end. yellow/brown clay with chalk.

036 61.5 NW-SE 0.32m-0.39m topsoil. Mid orange/brown clay/silt and gravel plus patches of mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

037 37.4 NW-SE 0.27m-0.36m topsoil. Mid orange/brown clay/silt and gravel.

038 59.2 NE-SW 0.25m-0.31m topsoil. Mid orange/brown clay/silt and gravel plus patches of mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

039 57 W-E 0.3m topsoil. Layer of colluvial mid brown clay/silt Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk 0031-0032 starts to develop 30m from W trench end, reaching (W half). Mid orange/brown 0.3m thick at SE trench end. clay/silt and gravel (E).

Page 3 of 16 Trench No Length Alignment Depth Subsoil type Features Notes Associated Op's

040 59 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Layer of colluvial mid brown clay/silt Mid orange/brown clay/silt and starts to develop 15m from SW trench end, reaching gravel plus patches of mid 0.3m thick at centre and 0.7m at NE trench end. yellow/brown clay with chalk.

041 36 W-E 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid orange/brown clay/silt and 0029-0030 clay/silt varying from 0.3m to 0.4m thick. gravel plus occassional patches of chalk.

042 44 W-E 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.2m thick layer of colluvial Mid orange/brown clay/silt and 0037-0042 mid brown clay/silt. gravel.

043 26 N-S 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.4m thick layer of colluvial Mid orange/brown clay/silt and On east side of trench, under the 0033-0036 mid brown clay/silt. gravel. colluvial deposit, lay an irregular spread of dark brown clay with scattered charcoal, upto 0.2m thick. At base of slope adjacent to watercourse so possibly a natural feature associated with this.

044 57 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Layer of colluvial mid brown clay/silt Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. starts to develop 15m from SE trench end, reaching 0.3m thick at centre and 0.6m at NW trench end.

045 40 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk or mid orange/brown clay/silt and gravel.

046 41 NW-SE 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil heavily truncated by ploughing and water pipeline which runs along most of trench.

047 30 NE-SW 0.25m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

048 38 NW-SE 0.25m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil heavily truncated by ploughing and water pipeline which runs across SE end of trench.

049 60 NW-SE 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

050 41.7 NE-SW 0.27m-0.33m topsoil. Layer of colluvial mid brown Mid orange/brown clay/silt and clay/silt starts to develop 10m from SE trench end, gravel. reaching 0.15m thick at centre and 0.49m at NW trench end.

Page 4 of 16 Trench No Length Alignment Depth Subsoil type Features Notes Associated Op's

051 41 NE-SW 0.27m-0.31m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

052 42 NW-SE 0.24m-0.33m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk or mid orange/brown clay/silt and gravel.

053 55.3 NE-SW 0.24m-0.28m topsoil. Mid orange/brown clay/silt and gravel.

054 59 NE-SW 0.2m-0.25m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil heavily truncated by ploughing.

055 40.3 NE-SW 0.28m-0.31m topsoil. Mid orange/brown clay/silt and gravel.

056 59 NW-SE 0.25m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0043-0044

057 39 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

058 39 NE-SW 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil heavily truncated by ploughing.

059 39 NW-SE 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil heavily truncated by ploughing.

060 39.7 NE-SW 0.27m-0.32m topsoil. Mid orange/brown clay/silt and gravel.

061 53 W-E 0.30m-0.32m topsoil. Mid orange/brown clay/silt and gravel.

062 41.3 NE-SW 0.30m-0.32m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of Mid orange/brown clay/silt and colluvial mid brown clay/silt at SW end of trench. gravel.

063 60.2 NW-SE 0.26m-0.28m topsoil. Mid orange/brown clay/silt and gravel.

064 58.8 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid orange/brown clay/silt and Ditch sealed below colluvial 0045-0046 clay/silt varying from 0.28m to 0.37m thick. Topsoil gravel. deposit. thicker (0.47m) at NE end.

065 61 NW-SE 0.27m-0.28m topsoil. Mid orange/brown clay/silt and gravel.

Page 5 of 16 Trench No Length Alignment Depth Subsoil type Features Notes Associated Op's

066 30.5 NW-SE 0.27m-0.32m topsoil. 0.3m thick layer of colluvial Mid orange/brown clay/silt and mid brown clay/silt at NW trench end. gravel.

067 38.5 NW-SE 0.24m-0.27m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid Mid orange/brown clay/silt and brown clay/silt varying from 0.16m thick (SE), to gravel. 0.43m (centre) and 0.68m (NW).

068 61 NE-SW 0.29m-0.35m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

069 61 NW-SE 0.25m-0.35m topsoil. Layer of colluvial mid brown Mid orange/brown clay/silt and clay/silt starts to develop 20m from SE trench end, gravel. reaching 0.28m thick at centre and 0.89m at NW trench end.

070 60 NE-SW 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil truncated by ploughing. 0047-0048

071 40 NE-SW 0.25m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

072 61 NW-SE 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil truncated by ploughing.

073 60.5 NW-SE 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil truncated by ploughing.

074 62 NE-SW 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil truncated by ploughing.

075 60 NE-SW 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

076 39 NW-SE 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil truncated by ploughing.

077 59.5 NE-SW 0.25m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil truncated by ploughing and very compacted. Partially disturbed by water pipeline.

078 61.5 NW-SE 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil truncated by ploughing.

079 59.5 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

080 60 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. 0.15m thick layer of colluvial mid Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk brown clay/silt at SW trench end. with patches of mid brown/orange clay/silt.

081 39.9 NW-SE 0.24m-0.29m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid Mid orange/brown clay/silt and brown clay/silt varying from 0.08m thick (SE), to gravel. 0.45m (centre) and 0.81m (NW).

Page 6 of 16 Trench No Length Alignment Depth Subsoil type Features Notes Associated Op's

082 60.5 NW-SE 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

083 59 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk 0049-0050 clay/silt varying from 0.3m to 0.5m thick. or mid orange/brown clay/silt and gravel.

084 39 NW-SE 0.28m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. mid brown clay/silt at NW trench end.

085 60 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. mid brown clay/silt at NW trench end.

086 60 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid orange/brown clay. 1001-1004 mid brown clay/silt.

087 60 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1007-1008

088 55 NW-SE 0.35m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

089 39 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0055-0056

090 60 NW-SE 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0051-0050

091 60 NE-SW 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

092 60 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

093 38 NW-SE 0.25m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0053-0054

094 60 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

095 60 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Heavy compaction and disturbance from water pipeline.

096 40 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1005-1006

097 60 NE-SW 0.2m topsoil over 0.1m of ploughed subsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Very thin topsoil - heavy plough 1009-1012 damage to subsoil.

098 40 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1013-1014

099 60 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1015-1018

Page 7 of 16 Trench No Length Alignment Depth Subsoil type Features Notes Associated Op's

100 52 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of mid brown Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Field level at this point is raised clay/gravel with frequent brick and chalk varying c.1m above level of adjacent fields from 0.2m to 0.4m thick. to south and east.

101 55 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of mid brown Mid orange/brown clay/silt. Field level SW trench end is raised clay/gravel with frequent brick and chalk varying c.1m above level of adjacent fields from 0.3m to 0.6m thick. to south and east.

102 36 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of mid brown Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk Field level at SE trench end raised clay/gravel varying from 0.1m (centre) to 0.7m (SE) (NW). Mid orange/brown clay/silt 0.3m above field to east. thick. (SE).

103 59 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. mid brown clay/silt.

104 33 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. clay/silt varying from 0.2m thick (NW) to 0.7m (SE).

105 61 N-S 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Ditch 1021 was partially excavated 1021, 1024-1025 but abandoned after heavy rain flooded the trench. A short length of trench was opened immediately adjacent to further expose the ditch but the section also had to be abandoned as the water table was at ground level.

106 40 NW-SE 0.35m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

107 54 N-S 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Ditch 0021 excavated by machine. 1021-1023 Very hard to see due to weather and waterlogging.

108 35 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Trench largely occupied by ditch 1021 clay/silt varying from 0.4m thick (NW) to 0.7m (SE). 1021 which runs along length.

109 61 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. layer of colluvial mid brown clay/silt Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1019-1020 rapidly develops in the SE 15m of trench, reaching 0.9m thick.

110 20 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.4m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. mid brown clay/silt at SE end of trench.

111 40 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. mid brown clay/silt.

Page 8 of 16 Trench No Length Alignment Depth Subsoil type Features Notes Associated Op's

112 60 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

113 38 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

114 61.5 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0059-0062

115 60 W-E 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

116 46 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0057-0058

117 30 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

118 58 W-E 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0063 mid brown clay/silt.

119 37 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.2m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. mid brown clay/silt.

120 31 W-E 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

121 62 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0063

122 29 N-S 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0063-0064

123 40 NE-SW 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0075-0076

124 40 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

125 29 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Layer of colluvial mid brown clay/silt Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. starts to develop 20m from centre of trench, reaching Mid brown orange clay/silt at SE 0.2m thick at SE end. end.

126 49 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid brown orange clay/silt. 0067-0074 clay/silt varying from 0.2m thick (centre) to 0.3m (NE).

127 56.5 N-S 0.3m topsoil. Mid brown orange clay/silt.

128 50 NE-SW 0.25m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil heavily truncated by ploughing and very compacted.

129 33 N-S 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

Page 9 of 16 Trench No Length Alignment Depth Subsoil type Features Notes Associated Op's

130 40 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. clay/silt varying from 0.4m to 0.8m thick.

131 41 W-E 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.2m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0075 mid brown clay/silt.

132 57 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.35m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0065-0066 mid brown clay/silt.

133 39 NW-SE 0.28m-0.32m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

134 42 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

135 52 NE-SW 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

136 40 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. mid brown clay/silt at SE end of trench.

137 39 N-S 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

138 38.5 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. mid brown clay/silt at centre of trench.

139 61 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0083-0084 mid brown clay/silt at centre of trench.

140 40 N-S 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. mid brown clay/silt.

141 40 W-E 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. mid brown clay/silt.

142 59 N-S 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0077-0078 clay/silt varying from 0.15m thick (N) to 0.52m (S).

143 25 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.2m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. mid brown clay/silt.

144 60 NW-SE 0.2m topsoil overlying 0.15-0.2m thick layer of Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0079-0082 colluvial mid brown clay/silt.

145 45 NE-SW 0.2m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0085-0086 clay/silt varying from 0.14m thick (NE) to 0.68m (SW).

Page 10 of 16 Trench No Length Alignment Depth Subsoil type Features Notes Associated Op's

146 36 NW-SE 0.2m topsoil overlying 0.4m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0087-0088 mid brown clay/silt.

147 20 NE-SW 0.2m topsoil overlying 0.16m-0.24m thick layer of Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1030-1031 colluvial mid brown clay/silt.

148 45 N-S 0.24m- 0.34m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1028-1029 mid brown clay/silt varying from 0.51m thick (S) to 0.93m (N).

149 22 W-E 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.2m-0.4m thick layer of Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Colluvial deposit rapidly deepening colluvial mid brown clay/silt. at western end of trench.

150 41 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

151 46 W-E 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

152 45.5 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1026-1027 mid brown clay/silt.

153 31 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. clay/silt varying from 0.1m thick (SW) to 0.2m (centre) and 0.4m (NE).

154 26 NE-SW 0.25m topsoil overlying 0.5m-0.6m thick layer of Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. colluvial mid brown clay/silt.

155 47 NW-SE 0.25m topsoil overlying 0.6m-0.8m thick layer of Mid orange/brown clay. colluvial mid brown clay/silt.

156 59 NE-SW 0.25m topsoil overlying 0.6m-0.8m thick layer of Mid orange/brown clay. Modern land drains seen. colluvial mid brown clay/silt. Colluvium infilling natural hollow, still apparent on surface.

157 51 W-E 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

158 50 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Modern land drains seen. 1034-1035 clay/silt varying from 0.15m thick (SE) to 0.7m (NW).

159 38 W-E 0.25m topsoil Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

160 47 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying layer of colluvial mid brown Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1032-1033 clay/silt varying from 0.3m thick (NE) to 0.4m (centre) and 1.1m (SW).

Page 11 of 16 Trench No Length Alignment Depth Subsoil type Features Notes Associated Op's

161 40 N-S 0.3m topsoil overlying 1.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid orange/brown clay and gravel. mid brown clay/silt at south end.

162 26.5 W-E 0.35m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

163 54 N-S 0.35m topsoil overlying 0.3m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1036-1037 mid brown clay/silt.

164 60 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.4m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. mid brown clay/silt.

165 63 NE-SW 0.25m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil heavily truncated by ploughing.

166 39 NE-SW 0.35m topsoil overlying 0.45m thick layer of Mid orange/brown clay and gravel. 1038-1039 colluvial mid brown clay/silt.

167 60 N-S 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1040-1041

168 22 NE-SW 0.28m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

169 40 NE-SW 0.25m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil heavily truncated by ploughing.

170 40 NW-SE 0.25m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Subsoil heavily truncated by ploughing.

172 40 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1042-1046

171 61 N-S 0.31m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

173 43 N-S 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1053-1054

174 64 W-E 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1051, 1053

175 40 W-E 0.22m thick topsoil overlying 0.06m thick layer of Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1047-1050, 1236- colluvial mid brown clay/silt in eastern end of 1245 trench.0.37m of topsoil over 0.14m of colluvium to west.

176 40 NE-SW 0.23m-0.31m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1042-1043 colluvial mid brown clay/silt.

Page 12 of 16 Trench No Length Alignment Depth Subsoil type Features Notes Associated Op's

177 50 W-E 0.26m-0.28m topsoil overlying 0.08m thick layer of Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1042, 1051-1052 colluvial mid brown clay/silt.

178 60 N-S 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.05m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1055-1056 mid brown clay/silt.

179 45 N-S 0.27m-0.37m topsoil overlying 0.08m thick layer of Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1057-1058 colluvial mid brown clay/silt.

180 61 W-E 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1051-1052

181 41.5 N-S 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1064-1065 mid brown clay/silt.

182 61.5 W-E 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1059-1062 mid brown clay/silt.

183 60 W-E 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m-0.2m thick layer of Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. colluvial mid brown clay/silt.

184 62 N-S 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.2m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Cross trench added to check for 1070-1073 mid brown clay/silt. further features in vicinity of 1070/1072. Nothing furter seen.

185 60 W-E 0.25m-0.28m topsoil overlying 0.1m-0.17m thick Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1068-1069 layer of colluvial mid brown clay/silt.

186 40 NE-SW 0.26m-0.28m topsoil overlying 0.08m thick layer of Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1074-1075, 1078- colluvial mid brown clay/silt. 1079, 1082-1083

187 60 W-E 0.38m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1076-1077, 1080- 1081

188 65 NE-SW 0.27m-0.36m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

189 36 N-S 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

190 60.5 W-E 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m-0.3m thick layer of Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. colluvial mid brown clay/silt.

191 41 W-E 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Post-medieval ditch with brick seen but not excavated.

192 20 NE-SW 0.2m-0.26m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1066-1067 colluvial mid brown clay/silt.

Page 13 of 16 Trench No Length Alignment Depth Subsoil type Features Notes Associated Op's

193 62 W-E 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Modern ditch seen. 1059, 1061, 1090- 1091

194 25 NE-SW 0.26m-0.34m topsoil overlying 0.09m-0.16m thick Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Modern ditch seen. layer of colluvial mid brown clay/silt.

195 60 NE-SW 0.38m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Modern ditch seen. 1084-1087, 1092- mid brown clay/silt. 1093

196 48 W-E 0.32m-0.4m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1132-1133, 1146- colluvial mid brown clay/silt. 1147

197 56.5 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Trench extended on an east-west 1178-1179, 1182- mid brown clay/silt. axis at southern end to further 1235 define extent of features.

198 63 NE-SW 0.28m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Extra trenching placed extending 1130-1131, 1162- mid brown clay/silt. south from centre of trench to 1163, 1174-1177, further define extent of features. 1180-1181

199 60 W-E 0.24m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Large post-medieval ditch not 1122-1123 mid brown clay/silt. excavated.

200 60.5 W-E 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

201 59 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

202 38.5 W-E 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

203 52 N-S 0.3m topsoil. Overlies 0.1m of colluvial mid brown Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. clay/silt at southern end..

204 53 W-E 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.2m thick layer of colluvial Mid orange/brown clay. Two post-medieval ditches 1088-1089 mid brown clay/silt. identified but not recorded. Trench extended northwards at two points towards eastern end in vicinity of possible cremation.

205 36 N-S 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. One undated ditch, very similar to 1116-1117 mid brown clay/silt. 1116, unexcavated.

206 58 W-E 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1096-1101 mid brown clay/silt.

Page 14 of 16 Trench No Length Alignment Depth Subsoil type Features Notes Associated Op's

207 28 N-S 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1102-1103 mid brown clay/silt.

208 50 N-S 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1134-1144, 1148- mid brown clay/silt. 1161, 1164-1173

209 60 W-E 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.2m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 1094-1095, 1104- mid brown clay/silt. 1115, 1118-1121, 1124-1129

210 79 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Extra trenching extending 0120-0136 mid brown clay/silt. southwards place at each end to further define extent of features.

211 31 NE-SW 0.35m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

212 58 NW-SE 0.35m topsoil overlying 0.1m-0.3m thick layer of Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk colluvial mid brown clay/silt. and mid orange/brown clay.

213 46 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.15m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. mid brown clay/silt.

214 22.5 NE-SW 0.35m topsoil overlying 0.15m thick layer of Mid orange/brown clay/silt and 0095-0102, 0108- colluvial mid brown clay/silt. gravel. 0109

215 51 W-E 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. mid brown clay/silt.

216 40 N-S 0.25m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. mid brown clay/silt.

217 63 W-E 0.2m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. 0091-0094 mid brown clay/silt.

218 35 NE-SW 0.25m-0.3m topsoil overlying 0.2m thick layer of Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. colluvial mid brown clay/silt.

219 32 NW-SE 0.35m topsoil. Mid orange/brown clay/silt.

220 64 NW-SE 0.35m topsoil overlying 0.15m thick layer of Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk colluvial mid brown clay/silt. and mid orange/brown clay/silt plus gravel.

221 71 NW-SE 0.25m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

Page 15 of 16 Trench No Length Alignment Depth Subsoil type Features Notes Associated Op's

222 30 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk.

223 61 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil. Overlies 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk mid brown clay/silt at NE end of trench. and mid orange/brown clay/silt plus gravel.

224 39 NW-SE 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.05m thick layer of colluvial Mid orange/brown clay/silt. 0118-0119 mid brown clay/silt.

225 41 NE-SW 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m-0.25m thick layer of Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. colluvial mid brown clay/silt.

226 19 N-S 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid orange/brown clay/silt and Additional trench placed to further 0110-0117 mid brown clay/silt. gravel. trace ditch series seen in Trench 214.

227 14 N-S 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.15m thick layer of colluvial Mid orange/brown clay/silt and Additional trench placed to further mid brown clay/silt. gravel with patches of mid trace ditch series seen in Trench yellow/brown clay with chalk. 214. Nothing seen.

228 12 W-E 0.3m topsoil overlying 0.1m thick layer of colluvial Mid yellow/brown clay with chalk. Placed to see if feature 1118 in mid brown clay/silt. Trench 209 extended northwards.

Page 16 of 16 Appendix 2. Context list

Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

0001 004 Finds Unstratified pottery in trench 004 Early Rom I

0002 0002 002 Gully cut Linear gully crossing trench. Gully runs NW-SE. Width 0.35m, Depth 0.1m

0003 0002 002 Gully fill Dark brown, silty clay.

0004 009 Finds Fragments of pottery pressed into subsoil surface. No indication of any real IA? I feature.

0005 0005 007 Ditch cut Irregular linear feature that could possibly be two small pits or simply natural disturbance. Feature has irregular sides and base. O.7m+ long, 0.3m wide, 0.1m deep.

0006 0005 007 Ditch fill Mid brown, clay and charcoal fill.

0007 015 Finds Pottery sherds sitting within layer of mid brown - orange fill of silty clay. Layer is possibly due to hillwash deposit or general mixed natural. No sign of associated feature.

0008 015 Finds Pottery sherds sitting within layer of mid brown - orange fill of silty clay. Layer is IA/Rom? I possibly due to hillwash deposit or general mixed natural. No sign of associated feature.

0009 0009 013 Ditch cut Linear ditch with clear and shallow sloping sides. The base is flat and slightly III concave. No obvious truncation. Linear runs E-W across the SE ends of Trench 013. Width 1.3m (N-S), Length 1.4m (E-W), Depth 0.25m. Not drawn.

0010 0009 013 Ditch fill Mid to light grey/green/brown, silty clay, very compact, no inclusions. Two post 16th-18th III medieval metal finds found within fill, Cu alloy button and ferrous object. C

0011 0011 022 Ditch cut Possible linear ditch, with moderate sloping sides and a slightly concave base. It is immediately beneath 0.3m of ploughed soil. Ditch runs N-S across trench 022. Width 1.2m. Depth 0.25m.

0012 0011 022 Ditch fill Mid brown, clay with occasional chalk and charcoal flecks. No finds.

0013 0013 031 Ditch cut Linear feature with a fairly sharp base of slope, the base is flat. Linear runs E-W and is possibly the same linear found in trench 032. Width 0.6m NW-SE. Length 2.4m NE-SW. Depth 0.2m.

Page 1 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

0014 0013 031 Ditch fill Mid to light orange/grey brown, silty clay with occasional chalk flecks. Fill is very compact.

0015 0015 032 Ditch cut Linear feature with a moderate sloping side and a concave base. Linear runs SW- NE. Linear is also found in trench 031. Width 0.5m NW-SE. Length 3.0m SW- NE. Depth 0.13m.

0016 0015 032 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, silty clay. Very compact fill with no inclusions.

0017 0017 031 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs NW- SE. Width 0.63m NW-SE. Length 2.0m NE-SE. Depth 0.23m.

0018 0017 031 Ditch fill Mid to light brown, silty clay with occasional small and large flints.

0019 0019 026 Pit or ditch Circular in plan with a concave base. Feature is truncated by trench edge. Width terminus cut 0.5m E-W. Length 0.5m N-S. Depth 0.15m.

0020 0019 026 Pit or ditch Mid yellow/grey/brown, very compact silty clay with occasional chalk flecks. terminus fil

0021 0021 033 Ditch cut Linear field boundary with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs N-S. Width 0.70m E-W. Length 2.20m N-S. Depth 0.11m.

0022 0021 033 Ditch fill Mid light orange/brown. Very compact silty clay with occasional chalk flecks.

0023 0023 027 Pit cut Circular in plan with shallow sloping sides, the base is gently curved. Width 0.30m N-S. Length 0.20m E-W. Depth 0.08m.

0024 0023 027 Pit fill Mid to light yellow/brown, compact silty clay.

0025 0025 035 Pit cut Circular in plan with moderate sloping sides. The base is gently curved. Width 0.50m N-S. Length 0.35m E-W. Depth 0.15m.

0026 0025 035 Pit fill Mid grey/brown compact silty clay.

0027 0027 035 Pit cut Pit beneath water table - unable to record feature. Feature is similar to pit 0025.

0028 0027 035 Pit fill Pit beneath water table - unable to record feature. Feature is similar to pit 0025.

0029 0029 041 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs NE- SW. Width 0.70m. Depth 0.25m.

0030 0029 041 Ditch fill Mid to dark brown, compact silty clay. No inclusions.

Page 2 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

0031 0031 039 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides, the base is gently curved and concave. Linear runs N-S. Width 0.70m E-W. Length 0.80m N-S. Depth 0.15m.

0032 0031 039 Ditch fill Mid orange/brown, compact silty clay. No inclusions.

0033 0033 043 Pit or ditch Subrounded in plan with shallow sloping sides. The base is flat. Feature is terminus cut truncated by trench edge. Width 0.60m E-W. Length 0.60m N-S. Width 0.10m.

0034 0033 043 Pit or ditch Mid grey/brown compact silty clay. No inclusions. terminus fill

0035 0035 043 Gully cut Linear gully with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Width 0.50m N-S. Length 0.95m E-W. Depth 0.10m.

0036 0035 043 Gully fill Mid yellow/brown, compact silty clay.

0037 0037 042 Pit cut Circular in plan, with moderate sloping sides and a gently curved base. Width 0.70m E-W. Length 0.34m N-S. Depth 0.12m.

0038 0037 042 Pit fill Mid orange/brown, compact silty clay.

0039 0039 042 Pit cut Circular in plan, with shallow sloping sides and a gently curved - flattish base. Width 0.80m E-W. Length 0.30m N-S. Depth 0.10m.

0040 0039 042 Pit fill Mid orange/brown, compact silty clay.

0041 0041 042 Ditch cut Linear ditch/gully with moderate sloping sides and a gently curved base. Linear runs NE-SW. Width 0.60m NE-SW. Length 0.70m NW-SE. Depth 0.12m.

0042 0041 042 Ditch fill Mid orange brown, compact silty clay.

0043 0043 056 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate to steep sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs NE-SW. Width 0.55m E-W. Length 2.0m N-S. Depth 0.23m.

0044 0043 056 Ditch fill Mid yellow/brown, compact silty clay.

0045 0045 064 Ditch cut Linear ditch with steep sloping sides and a flat base. Linear runs NW-SE across III the width of trench. Width 0.80m NE-SW. Length 2.0m NW-SE. Depth 0.28m.

0046 0045 064 Ditch fill Dark brown, compact sandy clay with frequent small flint and chalk stones. III

0047 0047 070 Ditch cut Linear feature with moderate sloping sides and an irregular base being slightly III concave. Linear runs E-W. Width 0.90m N-S. Length 1.90m E-W. Depth 0.20m.

Page 3 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

0048 0047 070 Ditch fill Mid orange/brown, very compacted silty clay. III

0049 0049 083 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow gentle sloping sides and a concave base. Linear is III sealed beneath 0.55m of hillwash and 0.30m of topsoil. Width 0.50m. Depth 0.15m.

0050 0049 083 Ditch fill Mid brown, compact silty clay with frequent flecks of charcoal throughout. III

0051 0051 090 Pit cut Circular in plan with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Finds of I prehistoric pottery. Width 1.10m E-W. Length 1.20m N-S. Depth 0.12m.

0052 0051 090 Pit fill Mid green/grey/orange/brown, very compact and cohesive silty clay. Finds of Preh I prehistoric pottery.

0053 0053 093 Pit cut Sub rectangular in plan with steep sloping sides and a flat, slightly undulating base. Possible refuse pit with finds of bone. Width 0.75m. Length 1.25m. Depth 0.20m.

0054 0053 093 Pit fill Mid brown/grey, compact silty clay.

0055 0055 089 Pit or ditch Sub oval in plan with steep sloping sides and a flat base. Feature is truncated terminus cut within trench edge. Length 1.10m S-N. Width 0.65m E-W. Depth 0.30m.

0056 0055 089 Pit or ditch Mid green/brown/grey, compact silty clay. No finds. terminus fill

0057 0057 116 Pit or ditch Sub oval in plan with shallow sloping sides and a flat base. Width 0.5 E-W. terminus cut Length 0.60+m N-S. Depth 0.12m.

0058 0057 116 Pit or ditch Mid orange/brown, compact silty clay. No finds. terminus fill

0059 0059 0061, 0089 114 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a gently curved - flattish base. Linear runs NNE-SSW. Linear curves in and out of trench.

0060 0059 0089 114 Ditch fill Mid grey orange-brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

0061 0059 0061 114 Section Section of ditch 0059. Width 0.70m E-W. Length 0.60m N-S. Depth 0.16m.

0062 0059 0061 114 Ditch fill Mid orange/gre/brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

0063 0063 118 121 122 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a flat base. Linear runs NE-SW. Width 1.30m NW-SE. Length 0.70m NE-SW. Depth 0.18m.

Page 4 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

0064 0063 122 Ditch fill Mid orange/brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

0065 0065 132 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs SE- NW. Width 0.70m N-S. Depth 0.25m.

0066 0065 132 Ditch fill Mid brown, compact silty clay with frequent flecks of chalk and charcoal. No finds.

0067 0067 126 Pit cut Subrounded in plan with shallow sloping sides and a gently curved concave base. I In plan view pit 0067 seems to be cut by feature 0069 - however section shows no relationship between the two features. Width 0.50m SE-NW. Length 2.20m SW - NE. Depth 0.14m.

0068 0067 126 Pit fill Mid orange brown, compact silty-chalk clay. No finds. I

0069 0069 126 Pit or ditch Elongated in plan with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Possible cut of 0071 I terminus cut elongated pit or terminus of field boundary. In plan view pit 0067 seems to be cut by feature 0069 - however section shows no relationship between the two features. Width 0.50m SE-NW. Length 2.20m SW -NE. Depth 0.14m.

0070 0069 126 Pit or ditch Mid orange brown, compact silty-chalk clay. Finds of prehistoric pottery within 0069 Preh I terminus fill fill.

0071 0071 126 Pit cut Subrounded in plan with shallow sloping sides and a flattish base. Pit 0071 is cut I by feature 0069.

0072 0071 126 Pit fill Mid orange/brown, compact chalky clay. Finds of pottery within fill. IA/Rom I

0073 0069 0074 126 Pit or ditch Mid orange/brown, compact silty-chalk clay I terminus fill

0074 0069, 0074 126 Section Section of feature 0069 cutting pit 0071. 0071

0075 0075 123 131 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a flat base. Linear runs E-W. Width III 2.0m. Length 0.54m. Depth 0.30m.

0076 0075 123 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with frequent inclusions of chalk and flint. III Finds of bone.

0077 0077 142 Gully cut Linear gully with steep sloping sides and a gently curved concave base. Linear III runs NE-SW. Width 0.70m NW-SE. Length 0.50m NE-SW. Depth 0.12m.

0078 0077 142 Ditch fill Mid orange/red/brown, compact silty clay. No finds. III

Page 5 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

0079 0079 144 Ditch cut Linear field boundary with moderate sloping sides and a gently curved concave III base. Linear runs E-W. Width 0.50m E-W. Length 1.0m N-S. Depth 0.16m.

0080 0079 144 Ditch fill Light orange/brown, compact silty clay. No finds. III

0081 0081 144 Ditch cut Linear field boundary with moderate sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Linear runs NE-SW. Width 1.0m S-N. Length 1.80m E-W. Depth 0.28m.

0082 0081 144 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

0083 0083 139 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a flat base. Linear runs NE-SW. Width 1.50m E-W. Length 0.70m N-S. Depth 0.38m.

0084 0083 139 Ditch fill Mid orange/brown, compact silty chalk-clay. No finds.

0085 0085 145 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a gently curved concave base. III Linear runs E-W. Width 1.60m N-S. Length 0.50m E-W. Depth 0.60m.

0086 0085 145 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay. No finds. III

0087 0087 146 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs N-S slightly curving towards E. Width 0.60m. Depth 0.30m.

0088 0087 146 Ditch fill Mid green/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint and charcoal inclusions. No finds.

0089 0089 0089 114 Section Section of ditch 0059. Width 0.70m E-W. Length 0.70m N-S. Depth 0.16m.

0090 0090 Context not used.

0091 0091 217 Ditch cut Linear feature with shallow sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs NE- SW. Width 1.80m NW-SE. Length 2.0m NE-SW. Depth 0.55m.

0092 0091 217 Ditch fill Mid to light orange/grey/brown, very compact silty clay with occasional inclusions of chalk flecks.

0093 0093 217 Ditch cut Linear ditch with steep sloping side and a flat base. Linear runs NW-SE. Width 1.30m. Depth 0.30m.

0094 0093 217 Ditch fill Dark brown/grey, compact silty clay with charcoal and chalk flecks. No finds.

0095 0095 214 Gully cut Linear gully with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Gully is aligned with II 0097, 0099, 0101 and runs E-W. Width 0.50m. Depth 0.20m.

Page 6 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

0096 0095 214 Gully fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint, charcoal, and chalk L12th- II inclusions. Finds of pottery. 13th C

0097 0097 214 Ditch cut Linear ditch with steep sloping sides to a concave base. Linear is aligned with II 0095, 0099, 0101 in trench 214 and runs E-W. Width 1.50m. Depth 0.45m.

0098 0097 214 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flecks of charcoal. Moderate L12th- II inclusions of large flint and cobble stones. Finds of pottery. 13th C

0099 0099 214 Gully cut Linear gully with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Gully is next to ditch II 0097 and is aligned with features 0095, 0097, 0101. Gully runs E-W. Width 0.60m. Depth 0.20m.

0100 0099 214 Gully fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint inclusions and charcoal L12th- II and chalk flecks. Finds of pottery, bone and metal. ?E13th C

0101 0101 214 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a flattish concave base. Ditch runs II E-W and is aligned with features 0095, 0097, 0099. Width 0.80m. Depth 0.25m.

0102 0101 214 Ditch fill Mid to dark grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional charcoal, chalk and L12th- II flint inclusions. Finds of pottery 0103 and 0104. 13th C

0103 0101 214 Finds Rim segment from a large bowl in 3 pieces on N edge of cut of ditch 0101. Rim LS/Med II segments are next to pottery find 0104. (1000- 1200)

0104 0101 214 Finds Fragments of 1/4 of pottery vessel laying on cut of ditch 0101. Below vessel Med II fragments is a burnt residue fill 0105.

0105 0101 214 Fill / Residue Residue beneath 1/4 of vessel 0104 in ditch 0101. Dark grey black with II inclusions of charcoal and burnt bone. Residue thickness of only 0.02m. Residue has been completely sampled.

0106 0106 Context not used.

0107 0107 Context not used.

0108 0108 214 Ditch cut Linear ditch with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs E-W. II Width 0.90m. Depth 0.30m.

0109 0108 214 Ditch fill Mid to light grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint inclusions and L12th- II chalk and charcoal flecks. Finds of pottery. 13th C

0110 0110 226 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Ditch 0110 cuts 0112 II ditch 0112. Linear runs E-W.

Page 7 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

0111 0110 226 Ditch fill Mid to dark brown, compact silty clay with moderate inclusions of flint, charcoal L12th- II and chalk flecks. 13th C

0112 0112 226 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a flattish concave base. Linear runs 0110 II NW-SE and is cut by ditch 0110.

0113 0112 226 Ditch fill Light brown, compact silty clay with occasional charcoal and chalk flecks. L12th- II 13th C

0114 0114 226 Gully cut Linear gully with shallow sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs NW-SE. II Width 0.50m. Depth 0.10m.

0115 0114 226 Gully fill Light brown orange/grey, compact silty clay with occasional charcoal and chalk L12th- II flecks. Finds of pottery. 14th C

0116 0116 226 Posthole cut Irregular in plan with shallow sloping sides and a flat base. II

0117 0116 226 Posthole fill Mid brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk flecks. No finds. II

0118 0118 224 Pit or ditch Possible cut or pit or ditch terminus. Feature is not clearly visible due to being II terminus cut beneath trench edge. Triangular in plan view with moderate sloping side and an irregular flattish base. Width 1.50m N-S. Length 0.70m E-W. Depth 0.35m.

0119 0118 224 Pit or ditch Dark brown - charcoal stained silty clay with moderate inclusions of daub, chalk L12th- II terminus fill and flint. Finds of pottery. 14th C

0120 0120 210 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs E-W. II Width 1.30m. Depth 0.50m.

0121 0120 210 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with inclusions of chalk flecks. Finds of S/Med II pottery. (850-1150)

0122 0122 210 Ditch cut Linear ditch with almost vertical sides and a gently curved concave base. Linear II runs E-W. Width 1.30m N-S. Length 0.60m E-W. Depth 0.52m.

0123 0122 210 Ditch fill Mid grey/orange/brown, compact silty clay with occasional inclusions of chalk L12th- II flecks. Finds of pottery. 14th C

0124 0124 210 Pit or ditch Possible cut of pit or ditch terminus partially beneath trench edge. Oval in plan II terminus cut with moderate sloping sides and a flat base. Feature is adjacent to pit 0126. Width 0.90m. Length 0.90+m. Depth 0.20m.

0125 0124 210 Pit or ditch Dark grey, compact silty clay with occasional flecks of chalk and charcoal. Finds L12th- II terminus fill of pottery. 13th C

Page 8 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

0126 0126 210 Pit cut Possible cut of pit partially beneath trench edge. Sub rounded in plan with steep II sloping sides, feature was not bottomed. Width 0.20m. Depth 0.40m.

0127 0126 210 Pit fill Dark grey, compact silty clay with occasional chalk and charcoal flecks. Finds of L12th- II pottery. M13th C

0128 0128 210 Ditch cut Linear ditch with vertical sides at top, then steps into a deeper central concave II base. Width 1.70m. Depth 0.60m.

0129 0128 210 Ditch fill Dark grey, compact silty clay with occasional chalk and charcoal flecks. Finds of L12th- II pottery. 13th C

0130 0130 210 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a gently curved concave base. Linear II runs E-W. Width 0.90m. Depth 0.30m.

0131 0130 210 Ditch fill Dark grey brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk inclusions and chalk L12th- II and charcoal flecks. Finds of pottery. 13th C

0132 0132 210 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a flattish base. Linear runs E-W. II Width 0.80m N-S. Length 0.60m E-W. Depth 0.12m.

0133 0132 210 Ditch fill Mid grey/orange, compact silty clay with occasional chalk inclusions. No finds. II

0134 0134 210 Deposit Linear spread of flint cobbling that has been set into natural clay subsoil, and probably truncated by base of plough soil. Does not appear to be solid enough for purpose of wall and more likely a poor foundation for structure or track surface. Linear runs NE-SW with definite edges and quite densely packed but loose. Flints range from 0.05m to 0.25m in diameter.

0135 0135 210 Ditch cut Linear ditch with steep sloping sides and a concave base. West side of linear II difficult to see possibly over excavated. Linear runs NE-SW. Width 1.90m. Depth 0.60m.

0136 0136 210 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional inclusions of chalk and L12th- II charcoal. Finds of pottery. 13th C

1001 1001 086 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs NE- SW. Width 0.50m. Depth 0.20m.

1002 1001 086 Ditch fill Mid to dark brown, compact silty clay with occasional traces of charcoal. No finds.

1003 1003 086 Pit cut Circular in plan with moderate sloping sides and a flat base. Width 1.20m. Length 1.70m. Depth 0.30m.

Page 9 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

1004 1003 086 Pit fill Mid to dark brown, compact silty clay with occasional traces of charcoal. No finds.

1005 1005 096 Ditch cut Linear narrow ditch with moderate to steep sloping sides and a flat base. Linear runs NW-SE. Width 0.50m. Depth 0.25m.

1006 1005 096 Ditch fill Mid to dark brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

1007 1007 087 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a flat base. It is immediately under 0.30m of topsoil. Linear runs SW-NE. Width 2.10m. Depth 0.40m.

1008 1007 087 Ditch fill Mid to dark brown, compact silty clay with occasional flecks of brick, chalk and charcoal. No finds.

1009 1009 097 Ditch cut Linear ditch with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs NW-SE. I Width 0.90m NE-SW. Length 0.40m SE-NW. Depth 0.24m.

1010 1009 097 Ditch fill Light to mid orange/brown, compact silty clay. Finds of modern brick. Preh I

1011 1011 097 Pit cut Circular in plan with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Width 0.40m E- W. Length 0.80m N-S. Depth 0.18m.

1012 1011 097 Pit fill Mid orange/grey, compact silty clay. Finds of bone.

1013 1013 098 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a flat base. Linear runs N-S. Width 1.20m E-W. Length 0.50m N-S. Depth 0.18m.

1014 1013 098 Ditch fill Mid orange/brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

1015 1015 099 Pit or ditch Possible cut of pit or ditch terminus, feature is partially beneath trench edge. terminus cut Oval in plan with steep sloping sides and a flat base. Width 1.40m. Depth 0.50m

1016 1015 099 Pit or ditch Mid to dark brown, compact silty clay with occasional flecks of chalk and terminus fill charcoal. No finds.

1017 1017 099 Gully cut Linear gully with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs W-E and is adjacent to feature 1015. Width 0.40m. Depth 0.10m.

1018 1017 099 Gully fill Mid to dark brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk and charcoal flecks.

1019 1019 109 Ditch cut Possible linear feature with shallow sloping sides and a flattish concave base. Linear runs NE-SW. Width 1.80m E-W. Length 0.60m N-S. Depth 1.05m.

1020 1019 109 Ditch fill Mid brown/grey , compact silty clay with patches of burnt charcoal. No finds.

Page 10 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

1021 1021 105 107 10 Ditch cut Linear ditch, aligned E-W, seen in trenches 105, 107, and 108. Runs past existing III tree, marked on 2nd Ed OS.

1022 1021 1022 107 Section Section of 1021 in trench 107. Machine excavated due to waterlogged ground conditions. Exact dimensions unclear as heavily disturbed on N side by modern drainage pipe. C.3-4m wide and 0.8m deep. Moderate sloping sides and flat base.

1023 1021 107 Ditch fill Fill of 1021 in section 1022. Mid/dark grey/brown clay/gravel with frequent chalk III flecks.

1024 1021 1024 105 Section Section of ditch 1021 in trench 105.

1025 1024 1024 105 Ditch fill Mid orange/brown, compact silty clay. No finds. III

1026 1026 152 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a flat base. Linear runs E-W. Width 1.20m. Depth 0.18m.

1027 1026 152 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint and chalk inclusions. No finds.

1028 1028 148 Ditch cut Linear field boundary with shallow sloping sides and a flattish concave base. Linear is cut by modern drain pipe. Linear runs SW-NE. Width 0.90m N-S. Length 0.40m E-W. Depth 0.12m.

1029 1028 148 Ditch fill Light orange/brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

1030 1030 147 Ditch cut Linear ditch with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs E-W. Width III 1.10m N-S. Length 0.70m E-W.

1031 1030 147 Ditch fill Mid orange/brown, compact silty clay. No finds. III

1032 1032 160 Pit cut Circular in plan with shallow sloping sides and a flattish concave base. Width 0.70m E-W. Length 0.38m N-S. Depth 0.06m.

1033 1032 160 Pit fill Dark grey/black, compact silty clay with moderate inclusions of charcoal flecks.

1034 1034 158 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs NE- III SW. Width 2.10m NW-SE. Length 0.50m NE-SW. Depth 0.60m.

1035 1034 158 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty soil. No finds. III

1036 1036 164 Pit cut Possible pit, feature is partially beneath trench bulk. Oval in plan with moderate sloping sides and a flattish base. Length 0.35m. Depth 0.28m.

Page 11 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

1037 1036 164 Pit fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk inclusions. No finds.

1038 1038 166 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a flattish concave base. Linear runs III NW-SE. Width 0.90m N-S. Length 1.0m E-W. Depth 0.24m.

1039 1038 166 Ditch fill Mid orange/red/brown, compact silty clay. No finds. III

1040 1040 167 Posthole cut Sub square in plan with almost vertical sides and a flat base. Width 0.30m.

1041 1040 167 Posthole fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with moderate chalk inclusions.

1042 1042 172 176 177 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a gently curved concave base. Linear III runs NW-SE and also appears in trenches 176 & 177. Width 3.60m NE-SW. Length 0.60m NW-SE. Depth 0.30m.

1043 1042 172 Ditch fill Upper fill of ditch. Mid grey/black/brown, compact silty clay with moderate III amounts of charcoal. Finds of bone.

1044 1042 172 Ditch fill Lower fill of ditch. Mid orange/brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

1045 1045 172 Pit cut Sub rounded in plan with steep sloping sides and a flattish concave base. Pit is partially beneath baulk. Width 0.50m NW-SE. Length 0.55m SW-NE. Depth 0.14m.

1046 1045 172 Pit fill Mid grey brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

1047 1047 175 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a concave base. Width 2.10m. Depth 0.50m.

1048 1048 175 Ditch fill Mid brown/grey, compact silty clay with occasional flint and chalk inclusions. No finds.

1049 1049 175 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs NE-SW. Width 0.60m. Depth 0.30m.

1050 1049 175 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with moderate chalk inclusions. No finds.

1051 1051 174 177 180 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Linear runs III NE-SW. Width 2.35m. Length 1.85. Depth 0.33m.

1052 1051 180 Ditch fill Mid grey/green/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint and chalk III inclusions. No finds.

Page 12 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

1053 1053 173 174 Ditch cut Linear ditch with steep sloping sides and a V shaped base. Linear runs NE-SW. III Width 0.65m N-S. Length 0.50m E-W. Depth 0.36m.

1054 1053 173 Ditch fill Mid brown, compact silty clay. No finds. III

1055 1055 178 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a flat base. Linear runs E-W. Width 1.10m. Depth 0.20m.

1056 1056 178 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional inclusions of flint and chalk. No finds.

1057 1057 179 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a wide flat base. Linear runs W-E. Width 1.00m. Depth 0.22m.

1058 1058 179 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk and flint inclusions. No finds.

1059 1059 182 193 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping side and a concave base. Ditch 1059 is cut by 1061 III parallel running linear 1061. Linear runs NE-SW. Width 0.50m SW-NE. Length 2.40m NW-SE. Depth 0.38m.

1060 1059 1063 182 Ditch fill Mid brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk inclusions. No finds. III

1061 1061 1063 182 193 Ditch cut Linear ditch with almost steep vertical sides, the base is unclear due to being 1059 III beneath the water table. Ditch 1061 is cut by parallel running ditch 1059. Linear runs NE-SW. Width 0.50m. Length 2.40m.

1062 1061 1063 182 Ditch fill Mid brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk inclusions. Finds of daub. III

1063 1059, 1063 182 Section Section of ditches 1059 & 1061. 1061

1064 1064 181 Ditch cut Linear ditch with steep sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Linear runs E- III W. Width 1.59m. Length 1.85m. Depth 0.70m.

1065 1064 181 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay. III

1066 1066 192 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a flat concave base. Linear runs NE- SW. Width 0.72m. Length 2.03m. Depth 0.14m.

1067 1066 192 Ditch fill Dark grey/brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

1068 1068 185 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a wide flat base. Linear runs E-W. Width 0.70m. Depth 0.17m.

Page 13 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

1069 1068 185 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint inclusions. No finds.

1070 1070 184 Pit cut Sub rounded in plan with moderate sloping sides and a gently curved concave I base. Width 1.00m. Length 0.50m. Depth 0.24m.

1071 1070 184 Pit fill Dark grey/brown, compact silty clay. Finds of daub, bone and prehistoric pottery. Preh I

1072 1072 184 Pit cut Sub rounded pit with shallow sloping sides and a gently curved-flattish base. I Width 0.70m. Length 0.35m. Depth 0.10m.

1073 1072 184 Pit fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay. No finds. I

1074 1074 186 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Linear runs E-W. Width 2.00m. Depth 0.48m.

1075 1074 186 Ditch fill Mid green/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint and chalk inclusions. No finds.

1076 1076 187 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a flat concave base. Linear runs N- S. Width 0.50m. Length 3.80m. Depth 0.40m.

1077 1076 187 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint and chalk inclusions. No finds.

1078 1078 186 Ditch cut Linear ditch with steep sloping sides and a V shaped base. Linear runs NW-SE. Width 0.75m. Depth 0.23m.

1079 1078 186 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional inclusions of flint and chalk. No finds.

1080 1080 187 Pit cut Sub rounded in plan with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Width 0.30m. Length 0.70m. Depth 0.14m.

1081 1080 187 Pit fill Mid brown compact silty clay. No finds.

1082 1082 186 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs NE- SW. Width 0.67m. Depth 0.15m.

1083 1082 186 Ditch fill Mid green/brown, compact silty clay with moderate flint and chalk inclusions. No finds.

1084 1084 195 Gully cut Linear gully with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Gully runs NE-SW. Width 0.90m. Length 0.50m. Depth 0.19m.

1085 1084 195 Gully fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

Page 14 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

1086 1086 195 Pit cut Sub rounded pit with shallow sloping sides and a flat concave base. Width 0.70m. Length 0.26m. Depth 0.08m.

1087 1086 195 Pit fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk inclusions. Finds of bone.

1088 1088 204 Cremation pit cut Possible cremation pit with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Width I 0.40m. Depth 0.13m.

1089 1088 204 Cremation pit fill Dark charcoal and blackened silty clay with burnt bone and occasional flints. Has I been 100% sampled.

1090 1059 193 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint and chalk inclusions.

1091 1061 193 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint and chalk inclusions.

1092 1092 195 Pit cut Sub rounded pit with almost vertical sides and a flat concave base. Modern drain pipe runs through feature. Width 1.70m. Length 0.80m. Depth 0.50m.

1093 1092 195 Pit fill Dark grey/black/brown, compact silty clay with moderate amounts of charcoal. No finds.

1094 1094 209 Pit cut Circular in plan with shallow sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Width 0.50m. Length 0.40m. Depth 0.06m.

1095 1094 209 Pit fill Dark grey/brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

1096 1096 206 Gully cut Linear gully with shallow sloping sides and a concave base. Width 0.35m. Depth 0.15m.

1097 1096 206 Gully fill Mid green/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk and flint inclusions. No finds.

1098 1098 206 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Linear runs N-S. Width 1.20m. Depth 0.35m.

1099 1098 206 Ditch fill Mid black/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk and flint inclusions. Preh I No finds.

1100 1100 206 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Linear runs NE-SW. Width 0.80m. Depth 0.30m.

1101 1100 206 Ditch fill Mid green/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint and chalk inclusions. No finds.

Page 15 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

1102 1102 207 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a deeper channel at center of concave base. Linear runs N-S. Width 1.0m. Depth 0.30m.

1103 1102 207 Ditch fill Mid to dark brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk, charcoal and daub flecks. No finds.

1104 1104 209 Pit cut Circular pit with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Width 0.70m. II Length 0.38m. Depth 0.14m.

1105 1104 209 Pit fill Mid brown, compact silty clay. No finds. II

1106 1106 209 Posthole cut Sub rounded in plan with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Width II 0.50m. Length 0.20m. Depth 0.10m.

1107 1106 209 Posthole fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay. No finds. II

1108 1108 209 Posthole cut Sub rounded in plan with steep sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Width II 0.60m. Length 0.20m. Depth 0.22m.

1109 1108 209 Posthole fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay. No finds. II

1110 1110 209 Posthole cut Sub rounded in plan with steep sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Width II 0.40m. Length 0.15m. Depth 0.16m.

1111 1110 209 Posthole fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay. No finds. II

1112 1112 209 Ditch cut Linear ditch with steep sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Linear runs NE- 1114 III SW and cuts ditch 1114. Width 0.50m. Length 2.30m. Depth 0.64m.

1113 1112 209 Ditch fill Mid brown/grey, compact silty clay with occasional chalk flecks. Finds of daub L12th- III and bone. 13th C

1114 1114 209 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a wide flattish concave base. Linear 1112 III runs NE-SW and is cut by ditch 1112. Width 0.50m. Length 2.30m. Depth 0.40m.

1115 1114 209 Ditch fill Mid grey/orange/brown, compact silty clay. No finds. III

1116 1116 205 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a flat concave base. Linear runs NE- SW. Width 1.60m. Depth 0.35m.

1117 1116 205 Ditch fill Mid to dark brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

1118 1118 209 Pit or ditch Unknown feature. Width 3.0m. Depth 0.80+m. II terminus cut

Page 16 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

1119 1118 209 Pit or ditch Upper fill of 1118. Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with frequent inclusions M12th- II terminus fill of chalk and charcoalk flecks. Finds of pottery and bone. M13th C

1120 1118 209 Pit or ditch Mid fill of 1118. Mid yellow/grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional daub L12th- II terminus fill and chalk flecks. Finds of pottery and bone. 13th C

1121 1118 209 Pit or ditch Lower fill of 1118. Dark grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional 2nd half II terminus fill charcoalk flecks. Finds of pottery. 13th

1122 1122 199 Ditch cut Linear ditch with almost vertical sides and a flat base. Possibly be post medieval III or relatively modern drainage ditch. Also appears in trench 205. Width 1.5m. Depth 0.50m.

1123 1122 199 Ditch fill Mid to dark brown, compact silty clay. No finds. III

1124 1124 209 Pit or ditch Possible terminus of field boundary or pit. Feature is partially beneath trench terminus cut edge. The base is flat with moderate sloping sides. Width 0.70m. Length 1.00m. Depth 0.36m.

1125 1124 209 Pit or ditch Mid orange/brown, compact silty clay. No finds. terminus fill

1126 1126 209 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Linear runs NW-SE. Width 1.25m. Depth 0.20m.

1127 1126 209 Ditch fill Upper fill of ditch. Dark brown/black, compact silty clay. No finds

1128 1126 209 Ditch fill Lower fill of ditch. Light green/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk inclusions.

1129 1129 209 Gully cut Two parallel gullies running NW-SE. Width 0.60m. Depth 0.25m. L12th- II 13th C

1130 1130 198 Ditch cut Linear ditch with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs N-S. Depth 0.35m.

1131 1130 198 Ditch fill Dark grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk flecks. No finds.

1132 1132 196 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Linear runs NW-SE. Width 1.10m. Length 0.70m. Depth 0.26m.

1133 1132 196 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

1134 1134 208 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs E-W. Width 0.96m. Depth 0.18m.

Page 17 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

1135 1134 208 Ditch fill Light grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint and chalk inclusions. No finds.

1136 1136 208 Pit cut Sub rounded in plan with shallow sloping sides and a concave base. Width 0.45m. Length 0.50m. Depth 0.20m.

1137 1136 208 Pit fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint and chalk inclusions. No finds.

1138 1138 208 Pit cut Sub oval in plan with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Width 0.70m. Length 0.95m. Depth 0.22m.

1139 1138 208 Pit fill Light grey/brown, compact silty clay with daub flecks and chalk inclusions. Finds L12th- II of pottery and bone. 14th C

1140 1140 208 Pit cut Possible cut of pit the extent is unclear. Appears to have a flat base and moderate II sloping sides. Depth 0.34m.

1141 1140 208 Pit fill Light green/brown, compact silty clay with frequent chalk and flint inclusions. L12th- II Finds of pottery. 14th C

1142 1142 208 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs NW-SE. II Width 0.96m. Depth 0.40m.

1143 1142 208 Ditch fill Upper fill of ditch. Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint II inclusions and charcoal flecks. No finds.

1144 1142 208 Ditch fill Lower fill of ditch. Light green/brown, compact silty clay with frequent small 12th-13th II chalk inclusions. Finds of pottery. C

1145 1129 209 Ditch fill Mid/dark grey/brown clay with chalk and charcoal flecks. L12th- II E13th C

1146 1146 196 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a flat concave base. Linear runs NNW-SSE. Width 1.70m. Length 0.80m. Depth 0.32m.

1147 1146 196 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

1148 1148 208 Gully cut Linear gully with steep sloping sides and a flat concave base. Linear runs NE- SW. Width 0.50m. Length 0.90m. Depth 0.20m.

1149 1148 208 Gully fill Mid orange/brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

1150 1150 208 Posthole cut Sub rounded in plan with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Width 0.40m. Length 0.40m. Depth 0.20m.

Page 18 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

1151 1150 208 Posthole fill Dark brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk and charcoal flecks. No finds.

1152 1152 208 Pit or ditch Possible ditch terminus or elongated pit with a modern pipe running through it. II terminus cut Possible secondary pit on the N side. Width 1.10m. Depth 0.45m.

1153 1152 208 Pit or ditch Mid to dark grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk and charcoal L12th- II terminus fill flecks. Finds of pottery and bone. 13th C

1154 1154 208 Posthole cut Sub rounded in plan with shallow sloping sides and a flat concave base. Width 0.40m. Length 0.18m. Depth 0.06m.

1155 1154 208 Posthole fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

1156 1156 208 Posthole cut Sub rounded in plan with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Width 0.40m. Length 0.18m. Depth 0.06m.

1157 1156 208 Posthole fill Mid grey/orange/brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

1158 1158 208 Gully cut Linear gully with steep sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Gully runs E- W. Width 0.80m. Length 0.60m. Depth 0.30m.

1159 1158 208 Gully fill Mid grey/orange/brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

1160 1160 208 Posthole cut Sub rounded in plan with moderate sloping sides and a flat concave base. Width 0.50m. Length 0.28m. Depth 0.12m.

1161 1160 208 Posthole fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

1162 1162 198 Ditch cut Double ditch cut, slightly curving along trench and possibly butt ending. Linears run E-W with moderate sloping sides and a flat concave base. S ditch width 0.80m depth 0.30m. N ditch 0.60m depth 0.20m. 1.40m width in total.

1163 1162 198 Ditch fill Mid to dark brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk and charcoal flecks. No finds.

1164 1164 208 Ditch cut Recut of most southern ditch, extent is unclear. Is cut by 1166. Linear runs NW- 1166 II SE. Depth 0.55m.

1165 1164 208 Ditch fill Light green/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk flecks. No finds. II

1166 1166 208 Ditch cut Recut of ditch (second from S) with shallow curve to concave base. Linear runs II NW-SE. Width 1.50m. Depth 0.66m.

Page 19 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

1167 1166 208 Ditch fill Dark grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint and chalk inclusions L12th- II and charcoal flecks. Finds of pottery. 13th C

1168 1168 208 Ditch cut Recut of ditch (second from N) with shallow curve to base, extent is unclear and II cut by two later ditches. Width 0.60m. Depth 0.42m.

1169 1168 208 Ditch fill Mid green/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk flecks. No finds. II

1170 1170 208 Ditch cut Recut of ditch (most northern) with shallow sides curving to a concave base. II Linear runs NW-SE. Width 1.40m. Depth 0.50m.

1171 1170 208 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk and flint inclusions. Med II Finds of pottery, bone, and other.

1172 1172 208 Pit cut Sub square in plan with moderate sloping sides and a flat concave base. Possible burnt pit (to be later excavated) cuts pit 1172. Width 0.90m. Length 0.50m. Depth 0.18m.

1173 1172 208 Pit fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay. Finds of pottery.

1174 1174 198 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Linear runs E-W. Width 1.60m. Depth 0.46m.

1175 1174 198 Ditch fill Light grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint and chalk inclusions.

1176 1176 198 Ditch cut Linear ditch with steep sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Linear runs W- II E. Width 1.10m. Depth 0.53m.

1177 1176 198 Ditch fill Light to mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with moderate chalk and charcoal L12th- II flecks and occasional flint inclusions. Finds of pottery. 13th C

1178 1178 197 Gully cut Linear gully with moderate sloping sides and a concave V shaped base. Linear II runs E-W. Width 0.30m. Length 1.00m. Depth 0.10m.

1179 1178 197 Gully fill Light grey/brown, compact silty clay. Large amounts of 13th/14th century pottery. 13th-14th II C?

1180 1180 198 Feature cut Cut of unknown substantial feature. II

1181 1180 198 Feature fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk and charcoal flecks. Pre 1250? II Finds of pottery.

1182 1182 197 Gully cut Linear gully with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Linear runs N-S. Width II 0.50m. Depth 0.30m.

Page 20 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

1183 1182 197 Gully fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional charcoal and chalk flecks. L12th- II Finds of pottery. 13th C

1184 1184 197 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a concave flat base. Ditch 1184 cuts 1188, II ditch 1188 and possibly 1195. Width 1.48m. Length 0.75m. Depth 0.88m. 1195

1185 1184 197 Ditch fill Lower fill of ditch. Mid green/grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional II chalk flecks. No finds.

1186 1184 197 Ditch fill Middle fill of ditch. Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay. No finds. II

1187 1184 197 Ditch fill Upper fill of ditch. Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with moderate amounts of 2nd half II chalk inclusions. Finds of pottery and bone. 13th C+

1188 1188 197 Ditch cut Linear ditch with steep sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Ditch 1188 is 1193, 1184 II cut by ditch 1184 and cuts gully 1195] and 1193. Width 1.34m. Length 0.75m. 1195 Depth 0.96m.

1189 1188 197 Ditch fill Lower fill of ditch. Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay. No finds. II

1190 1188 197 Ditch fill Middle fill of ditch. Dark grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk II and flints stones. No finds.

1191 1188 197 Ditch fill Upper fill of ditch. Light grey/yellow/brown, compact silty clay with frequent II chalk stones. No finds.

1192 1188 197 Ditch fill Final upper fill of ditch. Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay. No finds. II

1193 1193 197 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a flat base. Ditch 1193 is cut by 1195 1188 II ditch 1188 and cuts gully 1195. Width 2.01m. Length 0.75m. Depth 0.26m.

1194 1193 197 Ditch fill Mid orange/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk stones. No finds. II

1195 1195 197 Gully cut Linear gully with steep sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Gully runs N-S and is cut by ditches 1188, 1193, 1184 and gully 1178. Width 0.21m. Length 4.0m. Depth 0.16m.

1196 1195 197 Gully fill Mid grey/orange/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk stones. No finds.

1197 1197 197 Pit cut Circular in plan with steep sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Pit 1197 1199 cuts pit 1199. Width 0.34m. Length 0.38m. Depth 0.10m.

1198 1197 197 Pit fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

Page 21 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

1199 1199 197 Pit cut Sub rounded in plan with moderate sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Pit 1197 1199 is cut by 1197. Width 0.92m. Length 0.41m. Depth 0.20m.

1200 1199 197 Pit fill Light grey brown, compact silty clay. No finds.

1201 1201 197 Pit or ditch Possible pit or terminus of ditch, feature is partially beneath bulk. Good II terminus cut assemblage of pottery recovered from surface so feature no excavated. Width 1.00m. Length 1.30m.

1202 1201 197 Pit or ditch Dark grey compact silty clay with frequent charcoal flecks. Similar fill to adjacent 1st half II terminus fill features. Finds of pottery. 13th C

1203 1203 197 Posthole cut Circular in plan with shallow sloping sides and a concave base. Width 0.50m. Depth 0.10m.

1204 1203 197 Posthole fill Mid to dark grey, compact silty clay with occasional charcoal flecks. No finds.

1205 1205 197 Pit cut Circular pit with moderate sloping sides and a concave base. Modern drainage II pipe runs through pit. Width 0.80m. Depth 0.30m.

1206 1205 197 Pit fill Dark brown, compact silty clay with frequent flecks of charcoal. Finds of pottery. ?Late 13th II C

1207 1207 197 Pit cut Circular in plan with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Pit is cut by modern II drainage pipe running through it. Width 0.50m. Depth 0.30m.

1208 1207 197 Pit fill Dark grey/brown, compact silty clay with frequent chalk and charcoal flecks. No II finds.

1209 1209 197 Pit or ditch Possible elongated pit or terminus end of ditch, feature is partially beneath trench II terminus cut edge. Feature has steep sloping sides and a flat concave base. Width 2.0m. Length 0.55m. Depth 0.50m.

1210 1209 197 Pit or ditch Dark grey, compact silty clay with areas of redeposited natural and animal L12th- II terminus fill disturbance. Finds of pottery and bone. 13th C

1211 1211 197 Ditch cut Linear ditch with steep sloping sides to a concave base. Ditch contained a II postpipe and post pads within the base. Width 1.60m. Depth 0.90m.

1212 1212 197 Post-pipe cut Cut of post pipe in ditch 1211. Post pipe is visible on western side where it is II clearly deeper than the eastern edge. Square cut in section and irregular in plan. Post pipe is visible through ditch cut and in the base of the ditch. Steep almost vertical sides coming to an irregular flat base. The base has three large cobbles stacked above each other acting as a post pad. Width 0.60m. Depth 1.0m.

Page 22 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

1213 1212 197 Post-pipe fill Mid to dark brown grey, compact silty clay with moderate charcoal and chalk II flecks and occasional chalk and flint stones. No finds.

1214 1211 197 Ditch fill Upper fill E side ditch. Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with moderate chalk II and charcoal flecks. No finds.

1215 1211 197 Ditch fill Middle fill E side ditch. Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional II chalk and charcoal flecks. No finds.

1216 1211 197 Ditch fill Lower fill E side ditch. Mid grey, compact basal fill with moderate chalk flecks. II No finds.

1217 1211 197 Ditch fill Upper fill of ditch. Mid brown/grey, compact silty clay with moderate charcoal II and chalk flecks and occasional flint inclusions. No finds.

1218 1211 197 Ditch fill Middle fill W side ditch. Mid to light grey, compact silty clay with patches of II orange and frequent chalk and charcoal flecks. No finds.

1219 1211 197 Ditch fill Lower fill W side ditch. Light grey, compact silty clay with moderate chalk flecks 12th- II and very occasional charcoal flecks. Basal fill. Finds of pottery. E13th C

1220 1220 197 Pit cut Sub rounded in plan with steep sides and a concave base. Pit 1220 possibly cuts 1222 II pit 1222. Width 0.50m. Length 0.50m. Depth 0.25m.

1221 1220 197 Pit fill Dark brown/black, compact silty clay with occasional flint inclusions. Finds of L12th- II pottery. 13th C

1222 1222 197 Pit cut Sub rounded in plan with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Width 0.60m. 1220 II Length 0.90m. Depth 0.50m.

1223 1222 197 Pit fill Light green/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint inclusions and chalk ?1st half II flecks. Finds of pottery. 13th C

1224 1224 197 Pit cut Oval in plan with steep sloping sides and a flat concave base. Feature 1224 is cut 1226 II by posthole/pit 1226. Width 0.30m. Length 0.80m. Depth 0.12m.

1225 1224 197 Pit fill Mid grey/orange/brown, compact silty clay. II

1226 1226 197 Pit cut Oval in plan with steep sloping sides and a concave base. Feature 1226 cuts 1224 II posthole/pit 1224. Width 0.30m. Length 0.80m. Depth 0.12m.

1227 1226 197 Pit fill Mid grey/orange/brown, compact silty clay. II

1228 1228 197 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Linear runs 1230 E-W. Width 0.74m. Length 0.75m. Depth 0.38m.

Page 23 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

1229 1228 197 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional flint and chalk stones.

1230 1230 197 Ditch cut Linear ditch with moderate sloping sides and a rounded concave base. Linear is 1228 cut by ditch 1228. Linear runs E-W. Width 0.74m. Length 0.75m. Depth 0.42m.

1231 1230 197 Ditch fill Mid orange/grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk and flint stones. No finds.

1232 1232 197 Pit cut Elongated pit with almost vertical sides and a slightly concave base. Width II 0.84m. Depth 0.45m.

1233 1232 197 Pit fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk flecks. Finds of pottery. Med II

1234 1234 197 Ditch cut Linear ditch with shallow sloping sides and a concave base. Width 1.20m. Depth 0.15m.

1235 1234 197 Ditch fill Mid grey/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk and charcoal flecks.

1236 1236 1244 175 Pit cut Sub rounded pit with steep sloping sides and a flat concave base. Pit 1236 cuts pit 1238 I 1238. It is part of a series of pits in 6m x 6m area. Width 0.80m. Length 3.30m. Depth 0.36m.

1237 1236 1244 175 Pit fill Mid orange/brown/grey, compact silty clay with moderate inclusions of chalk UNID I stones. Finds of prehistoric pottery.

1238 1238 1244 175 Pit cut Sub rounded pit with a flat concave base, sides are unknown as pit 1238 is cut by 1236, I pit 1236 and pit 1240 on each edge. Width 0.80m. Length 3.30m. Depth 0.20m. 1240

1239 1238 1244 175 Pit fill Mid orange/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk inclusions. No finds. I

1240 1240 1244 175 Pit cut Elongated pit with steep sloping sides and a flat concave base. Pit 1240 cuts pit 1238, I 1238. Width 0.80m. Length 3.30m. Depth 0.40m. 1242

1241 1240 1244 175 Pit fill Mid grey/orange/brown, compact silty clay with moderate chalk stone inclusions. I No finds.

1242 1242 175 Pit cut Circular in plan with moderate sloping sides and a flat base. Feature was not 1240 I visible on surface and was fully excavated before known. Pit 1242 is cut by pit 1240. Width 0.70m. Length 0.30m. Depth 0.14m.

1243 1242 175 Pit fill Mid grey/orange/brown, compact silty clay with occasional chalk inclusions. No I finds.

Page 24 of 25 Context Feature Section No Trench No Identifier Description Finds Cuts Cutby Spotdate Phase

1244 1236, 1244 175 Section Section across series of pits 1236, 1238 and 1240. 1238, 1240

1245 1240 175 Pit fill Segment fill of elongated pit 1240. Mid orange/brown/grey, compact silty clay I with occasional chalk and flint inclusions. Width 1.70m. Length 0.80m. Depth 0.28m.

Page 25 of 25 Appendix 3. Documentary Report Anthony M Breen

1. Introduction

The lands forming this site are within the parish of Little Wratting and formerly part of a farm known as Chapel Farm. The site of the farm itself is in Haverhill and outside the immediate area of study, however the property records are linked to the farm and most of the original sources are therefore indexed under Haverhill. From 1751 onwards the farm was the property of the Sperling family of Dynes Hall, Great Maplestead, Essex. The archive of this family’s property is now held at the Essex Record Office in Chelmsford and includes documents relating to the site from 1566 onwards. The lands purchased in 1751 included both those originally attached to Chapel Farm and lands formerly attached to the manor of Blunt’s, one of the manors of Little Wratting. In the sixteenth century lands of the manor of Blunt’s, the site of Chapel Farm and various lands in Haverhill were then the property of the Turner family. There are records relating to members of the Turner family from the late fifteenth century including deeds for both Haverhill and Little Wratting at the West Sussex Record Office in Lewes. Chapel Farm takes its name from a medieval chapel known as Alderton Chapel and variants of that spelling. It was also known as ‘Lucrabilis’, a Latin word normally meaning ‘profitable’. The site of the chapel was within Haverhill and is listed in the Suffolk County Council’s Historic Environment Record, HVH 046.

The medieval ecclesiastical history of Haverhill is complicated. In a petition of circa 1643 the inhabitants of Haverhill stated ‘Of Ancient Tyme the said Towne did consist of twoe Parishes, had twoe churches, twoe chappells, one chantry, two Guildhalls & one castle & was a very ancient & great market Towne & about the xi th yeare of Queene Elizabeth, one of the said churches was pulled downe & both said parishes wer united’ (ref. ERO D/DWv/B6). The present parish church was originally built as a chapel on the market place. The site of the original church at Burton End has been called erroneously St Botolph’s though this dedication is now discounted. The parish was attached to the medieval priory of Castle Acre in Norfolk. There is a short history of this priory in Dugdale’s ‘Monasticon’ (Caley et al.). This includes a transcript of the heading of the priory’s cartulary now held at the British Library (ref. Harl 2110). The cartulary is a record of the original charters recording and confirming gifts to the priory. These gifts include several relating to Haverhill but none for Little Wratting. The charters are arranged under nine headings. Under the second heading recording gifts from barons, knights, and other benefactors there are a number of references to Haverhill on folios 102 – 104. In the section of charters of the archbishops of Canterbury the third entry is a charter of Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury (1193-1205) relating to the church of Haverhill and others in Norfolk. Amongst the charters of the bishops of Norwich listed under the ninth heading there are charters relating to Haverhill from William Turbe (bishop of Norwich 1147- 1174) folio 117b, John of Oxford (1175-1200) folio 120, Pandulf Masca (1215-1226) folio 122b, Thomas Blundeville (1226-1236) folio 123b and folio 124, William Raleigh (1239- 1243) folio 119, and others. This cartulary may contain early references to Alderton Chapel. The ‘Monasticon’ also lists other records relating to Castle Acre priory. These include an inquisition or enquiry as to the possessions of Haverhill Rectory in 1391. This document is now at the National Archives in Kew. Another inquisition enquiring into the ownership of lands following the death of a tenant is listed in Copinger’s ‘Suffolk Records and Manuscripts’ under the same year and concerned ‘1 messuage, 66 acres of land 9 of meadow, 3 of pasture 8 of wood 62 s rent and one mill’ in Haverhill. The total acreage described is close to that mentioned in relation to Chapel Farm in 1566. There are several other extents of land in Haverhill at the National Archives and amongst these are details of the lands of the rectory of Haverhill and a chantry 1564-1568. A survey of Haverhill dated to circa 1720 and now held at the Suffolk Record Office in Bury St Edmunds may well be a copy of one of the extents of 1564-1566. Both the lands of rectory of Haverhill and the Chantry were later part of the possessions of the Sperling family. Though there are extensive medieval records relating to both Haverhill and Little Wratting held at the British Library and National Archives none appear to identify the founder of Alderton Chapel.

The local historian Peter Northeast collected references from late medieval wills to the churches and chapels of Haverhill. All of these churches and chapels were dedicated to our Lady, St Mary. The references to Alderton are in the wills; of Thomas Lefeld 1474 ‘…the land of the chapel of Arwarton’, John Reve 1489 ‘a cow to the sustentation of the Gild of our Lady in Alnerton, John Hythe 1503 ‘to the window of stone in the chapel of Our Lady in Aldyrton 10s towards the making thereof’ and Eden Breanson 1514 ‘to the reparation of the chapel of Our Lady of Althirton 6s 8d’. The 1489 reference is interesting as it suggests a chantry chapel. There are further references to the chapel in other manuscript sources at Bury St Edmunds.

In his description of the manors of Little Wratting, William Copinger states that there had been a manor of Capell’s in Little Wratting, named after Alberic de Capel who died in 1316. This manor passed to the Turner family before 1536. Copinger does not mention Alderton Chapel.

2. Maps

The Suffolk Archaeological Unit has supplied copies of the first three editions of the 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map of this site. The study area is to the west of the Haverhill Road, the A143, to the north of Ann Suckling Road and covers the fields to the west almost to the parish boundary with Withersfield. Boyton Hall is shown on each of these maps linked via a trackway to Haverhill Road to the east. There are various farm buildings to the west of the site of Boyton Hall including two nineteenth century cottages that are listed buildings. Boyton Hall is shown on the 2nd Edition Ordnance Survey map and so was built between 1886 and 1904.

The enclosure map of Haverhill dated 1855 (Fig. 24, ref. Q/RI 19) only shows the open fields to the south of the site of Chapel Farm. The position of the farm is marked on the edge of the map though the buildings are not shown. The field immediately to the south of the farm was then known as ‘Chapel Common’. The name of John Sperling is marked on the map. Though not immediately relevant to this study, it is interesting to note the late survival of an open field system in Haverhill when such fields had vanished from most of Suffolk before this date.

The 1841 tithe map of Haverhill (Fig. 25, ref. T203/2) shows the farm buildings and the open fields in Haverhill including ‘Chapel Common’, ‘Mill Field Common’ and ‘Slater’s Common’. It is clear from the evidence of the tithe apportionment for this parish (ref. T203/1), that these fields were arable common fields subdivided into strips and small enclosures. John Sperling owned a large amount of land in Haverhill including Haverhill Place Farm 357 acres 3 rood and 4 perches and Haverhill Hall Farm 190 acres 7 perches. Only 25 acres and 21 perches of Chapel Farm were in this parish. The farm is not named in the apportionment and the lands are listed under John Sperling’s tenant John Diggon. The acreage is given in acres roods and perches with 40 perches to 1 rood and 4 roods to an acre (Table. 4). Number Field name Cultivation Acreage 347 Hales Bank Arable 3a 2r 00p 395 In Chapel Common Arable 4a 3r 24p 397 In Chapel Common Arable 1a 0r 00p 398 Ditto Arable 1a 0r 38p 426 Ditto Pature 1a 0r 00p 427 ditto Arable 1a 2r 00p 429 Part of Chapel Farm Homestead 1a 3r 08 p 431 Part of Wratting Croft Arable 2a 3r 24p 441 In Chapel Common Arable 4a 1r 11p 473 Buildings and an half acre in Slaters Common Arable 1a 2r 24p Table 4. Tithe Apportionment, Haverhill

The main area of the farm, consisting of 163 acres 1 rood and 25 perches was in Little Wratting and the fields are shown on the 1843 tithe map of that parish (Fig. 26 and Table. 5, ref. T101/2). There is no evidence of an open field system in this part of Little Wratting. The pattern of field boundaries, for the lands attached to the farm in Little Wratting, are quite distinct from those in Haverhill. In the apportionment (ref. T101/1) the farm is described as the property of John Sperling and in the occupation of his tenant John Diggon.

Number Field name Cultivation Acreage 100 Wratting Field Arable 2a 3r 16p 133 Blunts Park Arable 40a 1r 20p 142 Wood field Arable 10a 1r 05p 144 Great Cowels Ley Arable 10a 0r 16p 145 Great Cowels Ley Arable 6a 2r 08p 146 Clappers Oak Arable 11a 2r 07p 147 Great Cross Pasture Arable 9a 1r 28p 148 The Grove Pasture 0a 2r 09p 149 Little Cross Pasture Arable 5a 0r 22p 151 Seven Acres Arable 9a 0r 27p 152 New Field Pasture 4a 3r 09p 153 Calves Pasture Arable 5a 0r 05p 154 Hogs Croft Arable 4a 0r 05p 155 Square Croft Arable 14a 3r 23p 155a The Sponge Pasture 1a 0r 28p 164 Part of Wratting Croft Arable 0a 3r 11p 165 Part of Wratting Croft Arable 5a 2r 00p 167 Part of Barn Meadow Pasture 0a1r 16p 168 Chapel Farm Homestead 0a 2r 03p 169 Lower Pasture Pasture 1a 2r 24p 170 Home Pasture Pasture 1a 2r 31p 171 Chapel Meadow Pasture 1a 3r 13p 172 Night Pasture Arable 5a 1r 23p 173 Lower Chapel Meadow Pasture 2a 3r 31p 179 Peg Irons Garden Arable 2a 0r 16p 175 Newmarket piece Arable 2a 0r 29p Table 5. Tithe apportionment, Little Wratting It is unusual to find large areas of woodland attached to a tenanted farm. The owners of estates normally kept woodland in hand. Another interesting feature of this list is the number of fields described as ‘pasture’ or ‘leys’, that is grassland that was then in arable use. There is evidence in the form of a lease dated 1832 that Cowels Lays had been very recently ploughed. The field names appear to include just one personal name, ‘Cowel’, and this combined with the pattern of field boundaries does not offer any clues to an earlier arrangement. It is, however, possible to link some of these fields to those described in earlier property deeds described later in this report. The field ‘Hogs Croft’ amongst others appears in the property deeds and may well takes its name from Waltero Hog or Amicia Hog listed in the 1327 subsidy returns for Haverhill (Hervey).

Amongst the fields listed as the property of John Sperling inserted between 153 and 154 there is an unnamed piece of pasture measured at 2 acres 2 roods. The only other piece of land listed in the ownership of John Sperling was 163 ‘Part of Mash Bottom’, arable, 7 acres 1 rood 28 perches, then in the occupation of James Osborne. The total acreage of this parish was 936 acres 1 rood 19 perches. The largest landholding, Blunt’s Hall, consisting of 385 acres 3 roods and 6 perches was the property of Robert Bird. John Sperling’s property ‘Chapel Farm’ was the second largest landholding in the parish.

Glebe lands were the property of the church and there are pieces of glebe land in this area including the small piece number 177 on the western side of the road to Newmarket described as ‘Hales Common’, two pieces of ‘Wratting Croft’ 160 and 162 to the east of the road from Haverhill, and a ‘Close’ 157. These lands are described in the regular returns of terriers submitted to the bishops and archdeacons at the time of their visitation to the parish and are described later in this report.

Another piece of ‘Wratting Croft’ 156 was in the ownership of the trustees of the ‘Independent Chapel’. The trustees held the property of a non-conformist chapel and this piece should not been confused with the lands of the former Alderton Chapel. The fields 166 ‘Garden Allotment’ and 174 ‘Part of the Leys’ were then in the ownership of the trustees of the late George Elwes. The fields numbered 158, 159 and 161 totalling 6 acres 26 perches and all described as ‘Wratting Croft’ were then in the ownership and occupation of William Albon. George Wyatt Gibson owned 150 ‘The Fives Acres’ occupied by his tenant Stephen Hymus.

An interesting feature of the Little Wratting tithe map is the number of small plots containing houses or cottages along the length of Haverhill Road. The shape of these properties suggests that they were encroachments on roadside waste rather than the sites of the houses of the medieval smallholders.

Amongst the records at the Suffolk Record Office in Bury St Edmunds, there are two earlier maps relevant to this report. These are a parish map of Haverhill dated 1737 and photographic copy of a map of part of Little Wratting dated 1613.

The Haverhill map (Figs. 27 and 28, ref. 537) shows the various strips in ‘Chapple Field Common’ and the site of ‘Chapple Home Field and Yards’ with the three crudely drawn buildings. George Norfolk is identified as the owner or occupier of the farm and some of the strips or small enclosures in Haverhill. The names of other owners of occupiers of the strips are of interest when compared with other documentary sources. There is another copy of this map at the Essex Record Office (ref. D/DWv/P 3,4). There is also a later map of Haverhill dated 1767 at the Essex Record Office (ref. D/DWv/P6) showing the estate of Edward Coldham, the then lord of the Manor of Haverhill with Horsham and Helions Bumpstead. The main area of land shown was in that part of Haverhill that was formerly within the county of Essex, only three small detached strips in ‘Hales Common’ are depicted on this map.

The map or ‘A trew and perfit plot of percell of the Mannor of Bluntes Hall in the County of Suffuck in the parish of Rottinge Whear in … 1613’ (Fig. 29, ref. SRO Bury 1944) is surprisingly accurate despite the somewhat irregular spelling used on the legend. The map does not show the immediate area of this site and does not identify the then owner of the manor of Blunt’s Hall. It does show the woods known as ‘Blunts Park’ on the tithe map of Little Wrattinge. The small eastern extension of the wood numbered 134 on the tithe map is named on this 1613 map as ‘Chantriegrove’ and measured at 5 acres 2 roods 22 perches. Parts of Chapel Farm as depicted on the tithe map are shown on this map. The two fields named as ‘144 Great Cowels Lay’ and 142 ‘Wood Field’ are combined as one field named as ‘Carttars Grove’ and measured as 25 acres 2 roods and 15 perches on the 1613 map. The other field 144 known as Great Cowel Lay was then woodland and is named as ‘Clappers Oak’ 2 acres 1 rood 14 perches on this 1613 map. Below Clappers Oak a small area of woods then known as ‘Carts Lane Spring’ and measured as 1 rood 16 perches is shown on the 1613 map. The only other field depicted on this map and also part of Chapel Farm on the tithe map was ‘Calves Pasture’ measured at 2 acres and 3 perches. The field boundaries of this last field appear the same on both maps.

The original map was in private hands and it is not possible to determine if it was part of a wider survey of the area.

3. A Survey of Haverhill

There is an undated survey of the ‘Manors of Haverhill Horsham and Helyons in the county of Essex belonging to Edward Coldham gent’ at the record office in Bury St Edmunds (ref. FL 578/13/1). This document is in the parish collection and inside the cover there is a letter dated 2 April 1873 from ‘The Duddery, Haverhill’. The letter explains something of the history of this document. The book had originally belonged to Edward Ladd Dix and had been ‘bought by him with some waste paper’. In 1873 it was put in the parish chest at his request ‘It is not the original survey but probably a copy of some older one not now in existence’. The date of circa 1720 was suggested by the name Edward Coldham appearing in the text. An Edward Coldham was a churchwarden of Haverhill in 1720 and occupant of this manor. The survey begins with a list of the lands in ‘Teynterfield alias Millfield’ followed by a list of various messuages. The description of next field ‘Marshfield’ begins on page 23. The ‘master of the Chappel of Alderton’ is mentioned for the first time on page 45 as the landholder of ‘one piece of land and it lyeth between the land aforesaid of the parsonage of Wythersfield on the one part and a certain land called Belings Lane on the other part One head abbutts upon the land aforesaid of the parsonage of Haverhill and the other head abbutts upon the land of the said Henry Turner called Belings’.

A fuller description of the Chapel’s lands begins on page 49:

William Stubbing holdeth one pightle copyhold and it lyeth between the Land appertaining to the said Chappel called Goldings on the one part And Land of the aforesaid William Peirson on the other part one head abbutts upon the Land of the aforesaid Henry Turner And the other head abutting upon the aforesaid Street called Alderton Street The Master of the Chappel of Alderton holdeth On Croft of pasture called Goldings and it lyeth between the aforesaid Chappel on the one part And the Land of the aforesaid Henry called Chappel Herne on the other part one head abbutts upon the field called Chappel Field alias Fryth Croft and the other head abbutts upon the aforesaid Street and on the Land of the Lord called Bretts

The said Chappel of Alderton is called Lucrabilis lying between the aforesaid Land called Goldings on the one part and the aforesaid Street called Alderton Street One head abbutts upon the Field called Chappel Field and the other head abbutts upon the aforesaid Street.

It should be noted that amongst the names listed under Little Wratting in the 1327 subsidy returns there are Thoma Le Bret and Gilberto Goding.

The survey continues on page 49:

Chappel Field alias Fryth Croft

Stutfield holdeth there one piece of Free Land of the Fee of (blank) and it lyeth between the aforesaid Field called Marshfield on the one part and the Free Land of Thomas Raven on the other part One head abbutts upon the Land of the aforesaid Henry Turner called Chappel Herne and the other head abbutts upon the land of the aforesaid Stutfield

Thomas Raven holdeth there one piece of Free Land of the Fee (blank) and it lyeth between the Land of the aforesaid – Stutfield on the one part and the Free Land of the aforesaid Thomas on the other part One head abbutts upon the Land of the aforesaid Henry called Chappel Herne and the other head abbutts upon the land of the aforesaid – Stutfield

The same holdeth one piece of Free Land of the Fee of (blank) and it lyeth between the Land of the aforesaid Thomas Raven on the one part and the Land of the aforesaid – Stutfield on the other part one head abbutts upon the land of the aforesaid Henry called Chappel Herne and the other head abbutts upon the land of the aforesaid – Stutfield

Stutfield holdeth there one piece Free Land of the Fee of (blank) and it lyeth between

Page 50

Between the Land of the aforesaid Thomas Raven on the other part and the land appertaining to the said Chappel Orchard abbutts upon the Land appertaining to the said Chapple called Goldings and the other head abbutts upon the land of the said - Stutfield.

The survey continues in the same manner with the description of each piece with occasional references to other field and road names. On the same page there are references to ‘Fryth Meadow’ and ‘Gropecont Lane’, ‘Close Meadow’ on page 52, ‘New Market Way’ on page 53, ‘Chaceway’ on page 55, ‘Cangell’, ‘Belings Lane’ and ‘Doffehowcroft’ on page 56, and ‘Rowell Street’ on page 57. The description of the field concludes on page 59. The heading on page 61 is ‘Fryth Meadow in Chappel Field’. This part of the survey concludes on the following page. Most of the pieces are described as belonging to an unnamed fee with one exception. On page 54 there is a piece then owned by George Colte that is said to be of the ‘fee of Giffards’. Though there was a manor of Giffards in Sturmer in Essex, there is a reference to this manor in one of the deeds in Essex.

The suggested date for this survey is 1720. This is unlikely for to be true for a number of reasons. The first is that the language of the text appears to be a little archaic for that date. The second reason is if the date of 1720 is correct it is surprising that the names of all the tenants had changed before the parish map of 1737. In the survey the tenants are named as Stutfield, Thomas Raven, the master of Alderton Chapel, Henry Turner, Ralph Hedley, the parson of Haverhill and the Wardens of Haverhill, Selle, William Stanton, William Newman, George Colte, Thomas Marsh, William Pierson, William Whalley, John Mortlake and William Stubbing. A farm then in the possession of Edward Cleydon is also mentioned with the lands described in the possession of the unnamed lord of a manor. Amongst the wills proved at the archdeaconry of Sudbury Court there are wills for Thomas Raven of Haverhill dated 1545 (ref. R2/19/510); Henry Turner of Little Wratting dated 1571 (ref. R2/35/359), William Stanton of Haverhill dated 1543 (ref. R2/19/363), William Newman of Haverhill dated 1544 (ref. R2/21/619), a Richard Mortlake of Haverhill dated 1560 (ref. R2/29/72) and a John Stubbing of Haverhill dated 1558 (ref. R2/27/572). There are also letters of administration for Thomas Headley of Haverhill dated 1593 (Serjeant 1984). This suggests that the survey may be a lot earlier than 1720 and is probably a copy of one of the documents now held at the National Archives.

The parson of Haverhill held four pieces of land and it should be possible to trace the history of these pieces through the use of the glebe terriers of the parish. In the survey these pieces are described as

‘One piece of land and it lyeth between the land appertaining to the said church on one part and the land of the said Stutfield on the other part One head abbutts upon the land of the said Chappel and the other head abbutts upon the lands of the Lord in the tenure of Ralph Hedley and Stutfield’ p 51, ‘one piece of land and it lyeth between the meadow of Henry Turner and the land late appertaining to the said Chauntry on the one part and the Free Land of William Newman on the other part One head abbutts upon the meadow of the Lord in the tenure of William Watson and the other head abbutts upon the land of the Lord in the Farm of Edward Cleydon’ p 54, ‘One piece of land and it lyeth between the Land of the Lord in the tenure of the aforesaid Thomas Marsh on the one part and the land of the aforesaid Henry Turner on the other part One head abbutts upon the aforesaid Henry Turner and the other head abbutts upon the aforesaid Brook’ p 55 and ‘One piece of land and it lyeth between the land of the aforesaid William Stubbing on the one part and the Land of the Lord in the tenure of William Whalley on the other part One head abbutts upon the land late appertaining to the said Chauntry and the other head abbutts upon the aforesaid Street called Rowell Street’ p 59.

Unfortunately none of these pieces are listed in the glebe terriers for Haverhill. Most of the terriers deny the existence of any glebe other than the site of the former ‘Vicardge House’, described in 1677 as ‘lately stood which house together with the outhowses standing there upon was burnt downe to the ground about tenn years since’ (ref. 806/1/72). George Coldham is mentioned in the terriers dated 1723 when another pieces of land totalling one acre and one rood are also mentioned. The terriers for the adjoining parishes are discussed below. The tenant who held the greatest number of pieces of land in the survey was Henry Turner. A Henry Turner who died in February 1536 was the lord of the manor of Little Wratting or Capell’s. He left this manor to ‘Henry Turner his great grandson’ (Copinger). ‘This great- grandson, Henry Turner, died in 1572, when the manor passed to his son and heir, Thomas Turner’. Henry Turner had also held the lordship of the manor of Blunt’s Hall.

In the text there are references to lands ‘late belonging to the said Chauntry’ or ‘Chauntry of Haverhill’. It is important to note that these lands are not linked to Alderton Chapel and the text of the survey does not suggest that this was a chantry chapel.

4. Glebe Terriers

In the survey there is a reference to land belonging to the parson of Withersfield. The same piece is described in the earliest undated glebe terrier for that parish (ref. E14/4/1). The date is thought to be 1613 and it bears the signature of Isaac Marrowe who was inducted to the rectory in August 1593. The piece is described as ‘Billins Sometymes Market Field in Hauerhill Item one peese of land conteyneing by estimation halfe and aker more or lesse lyeing betwene the lands of the rectorye of Hauerhill east and the land of Alderton Chappell towards the west one end abutteth upon the waye that leadeth towards rowlye street north and the other end upon the land perteyning to Mr Turner towards the south’.

There is also a terrier for Little Wratting in the same collection, though this document is dated 1613 it is written in Latin. The description of the lands is from an earlier terrier of 1536. The terrier described the parish boundaries and mentions in relation to these one piece measuring an acre that was in the occupation of Thomas Cowle. The terrier describes the parish boundaries ‘in the corner Chapelherne lying in Romescrofte John Petchy’s and west to the lays of John Barbour and ascends towards the north by an enclosure of Alderton Chapel and at the other end of the Chapel it ascends by a hedge next the field of the aforesaid chapel and as far as the King’s Highway leading from Great Wratting towards Haverhill’. The terrier also mentions fields such ‘Clappers Oake’ a name still used on the 1843 tithe map and ‘Blunte Parke’ shown on the map of 1613 and the tithe map. In the description of the glebe lands there is ‘Item at the lower end of Chappelherne in Chappel Field there is a certain piece next to the hedge half an acre … (ref. E14/4/1).

5. Essex Record Office

The Sperling family archive is arranged in the original bundles as they had been deposited at the record office and the individual documents are not indexed in detail. It is normally reasonable to accept that the arrangement of these documents might reflect an earlier administrative order. In this instance this does not appear to be the case and the deeds relating to Chapel Farm are scattered and divided into several bundles interspersed with deeds relating to other properties.

Charles Robert Sperling sold this estate in 1883 (ref. D/DGd/T73). The lengthy abstracts of title seems to suggest that there had been two properties, ‘All that late Chappel … called or known by the name of Alderton Chappel in Haverhill’ and ‘All that messuage or tenement of farm called the Chappel Farm or by whatsoever other name or names the same was or had been called or known’. The farm was not a main residence of the Sperling and appears to have always been a tenanted farm.

There are two leases for this farm from John Sperling to his tenant John Diggens. The earliest is dated 21 May 1832 and was for a term of 14 years and the second is dated 28 January 1853 and was for 8 years. In 1832 the farm consisting of 150 acres was ‘late in the tenure of Henry Farrow’. This lease also included ‘all that piece of wood or wood ground called Blunts Park Wood and the Grove thereunto adjoining containing together forty acres two roods and twenty six perches’. Amongst the clauses John Diggens was forbidden to ‘plough dig break up or convert into tillage all or part of the meadow or pasture land hereby demised (save and except a field called Great Cowels Ley which it is hereby agreed may be broken up and converted into tillage after the execution of this demise)’. The other clauses deal with the system of cultivation and the preservation of the woods (ref. D/DGd/E14).

The lands of Alderton Chapel were not those of either the rectory of Haverhill or those formerly belonging to the chantry, though the lands especially those in Haverhill did adjoin those of Alderton Chapel. On 15 July 1569 Elizabeth I granted by letters patent to George Smyth and Emme his wife of Cavendish in return for £363 1s 3d ‘All that our Rectorie and our Chirche of Haverell with all theyr reights, commodities and appurtenances in our Counties of Suffolke and Essex and also that Scite and Capitall Mesuage of the foresaid Rectorie of Haverell and all howses edifices barnes … within the Scite … and also all that our close of arable lande called Parsonage Close conteyninge by estimacon eight acres … and one other close of lande and pasture … called Grunfyeld conteyninge by estimacon eleven acres and one other our close of lande their called Marye Crofte … conteyninge by estimacon three acres and also all those our parcels of lande followinge … lye in the commen fyldes of Haverell’. Eight pieces of land are described in ‘Brodecrofte’, three pieces in ‘Warsted alias Walsted’, four pieces in ‘Hales’, seven pieces in ‘Chappell Fylde’, six pieces in ‘Marshefield’, one piece in ‘Westfield’, five pieces in ‘Shenestwell’ Field, three pieces in ‘Littell Kenneyfield’ and four pieces in ‘Greate Kenneyfield’ together with the tithes of sheep, grain, and hay and other tithes. The Queen also granted ‘All that Chauntrye of Haverell with all rights … and also all that howse, scite, capitall mesuage to the said late Chauntrie of Haverell … and also all that close of lande and pasture … called Tylers’. There were also lands attached to the chantry including ‘Berne Crofte’, a piece ‘near Gibbons Yarde’, a close of land called ‘Wrattinge Crofte’, a pightle abutting ‘Swyers Crofte alias Squyers Crofte’, another pightle called ‘Wrennes Parke’, two pieces ‘lyinge within a pasture nowe or late Henrye Turner esquyer’, two pightles in ‘Smalwell’ Field, a croft called ‘Masters Crofte’, a pightle called ‘Heles Pightell’ and another called ‘Gravell Pightell alias Gravell Pitts’, a piece of land ‘abutting upon market medowe’, a close called ‘Broks’, another close called ‘Masters’, land ‘abutting upon the Quenes waye leadinge from Haverell aforesaid unto Camps’ and again lands in the common fields. The property description finishes ‘all and singular which premises last written lyinge and beinge in the townes and fyldes of Haverell aforesaid Kedington, Wrattynge, Sturmer, Wytherfield, Bumsted Hellyons and Bardfield’ (ref. D/DGd/T79).

Amongst the deeds at the West Sussex Record Office there is a sale by George Smyth to Henry Turnour of Little Wratting of ‘a mill and lands called Wrennes Park etc in Little Wratting’ dated 4 August 1571 (ref. Shillinglee MSS 22/2).

The letters patent are in a bundle of deeds relating to the bankruptcy of Sir Thomas Soames. Sir Thomas Soames seems to have acquired a large amount of property in Haverhill in about 1614. A commission was appointed on 7 July 1654 to handle his affairs and to settle his debts. In a deed dated 20 September 1655, his property is Haverhill and Wratting is described as ‘All that mannor howse of Giffords called or knowne by the name of the Place together … withal and singular the appurtenances to the said Mannor howse or to any parte or parcell thereof belonging and alsoe of and in all that farm with the appurtenances called or knowne by the name Barkers Farme of and in forty foure acres of underwoods of and in severall other lands with the appurtenances nowe of late in the tenure or occupacon of Richard Ashley of and in one other farme with the appurtenances nowe of late in the occupacon of John Dodington and alsoe of and in one other farme with the lands and premises … nowe or late in the occupacon of Thomas Purcasse All which said Mannor howse lands farmes and premises … are situate and beinge in Haverhill and Wrattinge’ (ref. D/DGd/T790). Sir Thomas Soames had held this property in fee simple. The property was restored to him in July 1663. In a deed dated 9 May 1672 the property is described as ‘All that Capital Messuage or Mancon Howse … called or knowne by the name of Haverell Place …’. Other lands including ‘Hales Bancke’, a parcel of the common field called ‘Chappell Bottoms’ amongst other lands ‘lately heretofore in the tenure or occupacon of Thomas Purcas’. The other lands had been conveyed in deeds 17 and 18 November 1671. These lands were then in the occupation of Samuel Soames, who was declared insane in a inquisition held in the Court of Wards in March 1685. The lands forming Place Farm passed to a Samuel Groome who divided them between ‘my two youngest children John & Elizabeth Groome’ in his will dated 27 April 1697. The lands were further subdivided so that by the middle of the eighteenth century the lawyer examining the deeds for Henry Spurling’s property had difficulties in deciding who the owners of all the shares were. This bundle does contain a detailed division, Place Farme, and lists parcels in the fields immediately to the south of Chapel Farm.

The lands in Little Wratting also have a complicated history. At the end of the sixteenth century the lordship of the manor had passed to Thomas Turnor who by his will dated 16 September 1595 had left his property first to his wife Ann and after her death to be divided between his three daughters. In July 1615 Sir Stephen Soames had purchased one of these thirds from Henry Waldegrave of Bures St Mary and another third from Sir Nicholas Hayes of Binstedd in Hampshire. The lands are not described in detail in the deeds. Previously on 2 November 1566 Edward Turnor of ‘Much Parridon alias Pingdon in the countie of Essex’ had sold to Henry Turnor of Little Wrattinge for £165 ‘all that late Chappell called and commonly knowne by the name of Alderton Chappel with the appurtenances within the towne of Haverell within the seid countie of Suffolke and also fower score acres of land, medowe pasture and wood with all and singular their members and appurtenances to the seid late Chappell apperteyninge or belongynge nowe or late in the tenure and occupacon of George Thompson and also all other his messuages …’. Edward Turnor had received the chapel from ‘the Quene as by her grace letters patent under the great seale of Inglande bearing the date the xviii th day of October in the eighth yeare of her moste gracious reigne’ [18 October 1566] (ref. D/DGd/T78). The original letters patent are in this bundle but these contain no further details of the chapel or its lands.

In a deed dated 3 July 1744 this farm is described as ‘All that late Chappel now or heretofore known by name of Alderton Chapple in Haverill in the County of Suffolk with the right members and appurtenances thereof and all that messuage tenement and farm commonly called or known by the name of Chappel Farm or by whatsoever name or names the same is or hath been called or known and all those several closes, pieces or parcels of land meadow and pasture hereinafter menconed that is to say All that piece or parcel of pasture ground commonly called or known by the name of Broad Pasture containing by estimation nine acres and an half … one other piece or parcel of pasture commonly called or known by the name Hoggs Croft containing by estimation three acres and one rood’. The other lands are described as an unnamed parcel of meadow containing two acres, a piece of arable land ‘inclosed within the said meadow’ containing two roods and nineteen perches, another piece of land containing seven acres, ‘commonly called or known by the name of Seven Acres’, one close of arable land called ‘Home Croft Close’ containing six acres four perches, a pightle of pasture containing one acre, a croft of arable land called ‘Squires Croft’ containing twelve acres eighteen perches, arable and pasture land called ‘Coat Leys’ containing twenty five acres, six pieces of arable land ‘situated in a field called Eastfield’ containing eleven acres three roods and thirty perches, another parcel of arable in Broad Croft containing two acres and an half, two other pieces of pasture in Hales Banks containing three acres one rood and fifteen perches, another piece of pasture in a field ‘called or known by the name Greens situate lying and being in Broadcroft’ containing one rood and twenty five perches, a piece of meadow ‘situated in Hales Mead’ containing twenty five perches, four other pieces ‘lying on the Northside of the highway near adjoining containing by estimation nineteen acres one rood and one and twenty perches’, ‘two acres two roods of arable land inclosed lying and being in a field called Belling near unto the lands of Thomas Cole gentleman, one acre and three roods of a meadow … in Great Thurlow Common’, five acres in ‘Great Wratting Common Field’ and six acres in Withersfield Wood (ref. D/DGd/T66).

In the same bundle there is a copy of the court rolls for the manor of Haverhill with Horsham with Hellions, recording the entries of Henry Sperling and his father, also Henry Sperling, to lands in Haverhill called Overleys and Bushey Clements in May 1720, and the succession of another Henry Sperling to the same property in October 1768. In the same bundle there are deeds for Puddlebrook Farm in Haverhill dated November 1719 and Bower Hall Farm in Pentlow dated November 1712.

Henry Sperling purchased Chapel Farm in May 1751 from John Plampin, John Williams, Mr Tinker and his wife and Mrs Elizabeth Abdy, the co-heirs of Edward Abdy. The lands are described in the same terms as in the deed of 1744. There are additional lands described in this deed including ‘All that Great Wood commonly called or known by the name of Blunts Park formerly Sir Thomas Soame knight and afterwards of his son Samuel Soame esquire containing by estimation thirty seven acres three roods and eighteen perches … scituate and being in Great Wratting and Little Wratting and Withersfield … lying on the side of a field or close there hereinbefore mentioned commonly called Coate Leys and all that Grove containing by estimation two acres and an half and seventeen perches … adjoining to one corner of the said field called Coate Leys and to one corner of the said Great Wood and used and enjoyed together with the said wood … sometime in the occupacon of the said Sir Thomas Soame and afterwards of the said Samuel Soame and since of the said Edward Abdy and the same are now in the occupations of the said Jphn Tinker and Johanna his wife and Elizabeth Abdy’ (ref. D/DGd/T81)

The farm described as ‘All that messuage and farme called Haverill Chappell scituate in Haverhill in the said county of Suffolk with lands and premises and appurtenances to the same belonging … in Haverhill aforesaid and Little Wratting and Great Thurlow … now in the tenure or occupacon of George Norfolk’ was sold to Edward Adby in June 1720 (ref. D/DGd/T80). Other properties in Essex, Suffolk and Yorkshire were sold at the same time.

On 20 March 1671/72 Samuel Soame sold the farm to Abraham Clerke, of Rushden, Hertfordshire. The deed describes the property as ‘All that late Chappell now or heretofore called or knowne by the name of Alderton Chappell in Haverill … and all that messuage or tenement and farme commonly called or knowne by the name of Chappell farme or by whatsoever other name or names the same is or hath beene called or knowne and all those severall pieces of land meadowe and pasture hereinafter particularly mencioned … now or late in the tenure or occupacon of Thomas Powlter’. The fields are described in exactly the same order as in the deed of July 1744. The same deed also conveyed ‘All that greate wood commonly called or knowne by the name of Blunts Pake late of the said Thomas Soame and now in the possession of Samuel Soame containing by estimacon seaven and thirty acres three roods and eighteene pearches … beinge in Little Wratting, greate Wratting and Withersfeild … and lyeing on the side of the feilde or close there … commonly called Coate Leyes and all that Grove containing by estimacon two acres and one halfe and seaventeene pearches … adjoyninge to one corner of the said feilde called Coate Leyes and to one corner of the said Greate Wood and used and enjoyed together with the said wood … sometimes … in the tenure … of Sir Thomas Soames’ (ref. D/DGd/T80). The same description with one minor exception appears in another deed dated 18 March 1668/69 between Francis Greenstreet of Edmonton, Middlesex a widow and Samuel Soame ‘son and heire apparent of Sir Thomas Soame of Throcking in the county of Hertfordshire’. The farm had then been in the ‘lately heretofore in the tenure or occupacon of John Barker, Thomas Barker and Giles Pettit’. The exception in the property description is the piece of land ‘knowne by the name of Greeves scituate lying and being in Broadcroft’ instead of Greens in later deeds.

In May 1736 Edward Abdy raised mortgages Chapel Farm in 1736 and 1738, the property including the woods are described in these deeds in the same terms as those of 1668 through to 1744. In the will of Edward Abdy proved at the Prerogative Court of Canterbury on 18 June 1746, it mentions ‘a wood called Blunts Park now in own occupation’ this was left to ‘my good friends Sir Robert Abdy of St Albins … and John Williams of Lincolns Inn’ (ref. D/DGd/T80).

The deeds in this bundle include an enrolment of the sale of the property to Henry Sperling dated 14 May 1751.

In a separate collection there are a series of miscellaneous papers relating to the manor of Haverhill, Horsham cum Helions 1517-1768 (ref. DDWv/B6). In an abstract of ‘Thomas Cole otherwise Cowle to the Manner of Haverill etc’, the text notes that ‘Haverhill Church formerly belonged to the Priory of Castle Acre in Norfolk which Priory was granted 29 Hen 8 to the Duke of Norfolk see also escaet Suff 15 Rich’d 2d p 2 M 8 Inquis pro Eccl de Haverhill pat 16 Ric 2d p 3 M 1 pro Eccl de Haverill et East Barsham appropriandis’. These documents are the same as those listed in Dugdale’s ‘Monasticon’. In the same document there is a note relating to the grant of Henry VIII to ‘Sir Richard Jerningham Knight the manner of Haverill & Hersham with the Appurtenances in the county of Suffolk parcel of the possessions of Edward Duke of Buckingham attainted’. In a gloss against this entry there is the following note ‘There was also granted in this patent the Advowson of Churches, Chappells etc’. It should be noted that in Copinger’s account of the descent of the manor of Haverhill, he notes that the title of a grant of the manor to Richard Jerningham in 1523 was later found to be defective and a special commission appointed in 1614. He gives the reference to this commission as ‘11 Jac 1 Exch. Spec Com D.K.R. 38 App p95’. Though this record is at the National Archives the modern reference has not been identified and the document might be listed under the names of the parties involved in the dispute and not under a parish name. Copinger also mentions that ‘A Survey of the manor and rectory in 1566 will be found amongst the Exchequer Special Commissions (8 Eliz D.K.R. 38 App p 5)’. The modern reference to an ‘Inquisition as to the possessions of the rectory and chantry of Haverhill 10 Eliz 1’ is E178/2123. The survey dated circa 1720 at the record office in Bury St Edmunds may well be a copy of one of these documents.

6. Conclusion

Before 1566 the site appears to have part of the lands attached to Alderton Chapel. The Crown granted lands consisting of the site of the chapel and eighty acres of land to Edward Turnor of ‘Much Parridon’, Essex on 18 October 1566, who shortly afterwards sold the lands to Henry Turnor of Little Wratting. In that same year George Smyth of Cavendish, Suffolk acquired through letters patent the lands of the former rectory and chantry of Haverhill. On 4 August 1571, George Smyth sold some of the lands that had formerly been part of the chantry’s lands to Henry Turnor and these were combined with the lands of Alderton Chapel. The deeds recording this sale are at the West Sussex Record Office in Lewes.

In about 1614 the various estates passed to Sir Thomas Soames. The lands are described in detail in a deed dated 18 March 1668/69, before 1752 the year began on 25 March. The same description with very minor changes in spellings appears in subsequent deeds through to 1751. In the deeds of 1751 recording the sale of the property to Henry Sperling, there are additional lands notably Blunts Park. These lands had formerly been part of the manor of Blunts. Various members of the Turner family had been the lords of this manor. The various deeds mention former tenants of this farm including George Thompson 1566, Giles Pettit, Thomas Barker and John Barker in 1668, George Norfolk in 1751 and on the parish map of Haverhill dated 1733 and before 1832 Henry Farrow and then John Diggens or Diggon. The surnames of these former tenants do not appear in the field names listed in the tithe apportionments. Most of the field names appear in sixteenth and seventeenth century records and may well be of a much earlier date. Of particular relevance to this study, the name of Hogcroft appears to relate to Walter or Amicia Hog listed in the 1327 subsidy returns. Square Croft in its earlier forms of ‘Swyers Crofte alias Squyers Crofte’ may record the name of another as yet unidentified medieval tenant.

There is evidence of a manorial structure in relation to the title, lands or tenancy of this property in post medieval records. This suggests that the land holding had been consolidated into one farm of eighty acres before 1566.

There is scope for further research, though it would be difficult to separate the lands attached to Alderton Chapel from other ecclesiastical properties in Haverhill. The documents that appear to be particularly relevant are the cartulary in the British Library, the esceats of 1391 mentioned in the documents at the Essex Record Office and in Dugdale’s Monasticon now at the National Archives and the records of the Turner family in particular the 1571 deed now at the West Sussex Record Office in Lewes. References

Essex Record Office

Sperling Family, Dynes Hall Great Maplestead D/DGd

D/DGd/T66 Messuage and farm called Bower Hall Farm [no details] in Pentlow and Foxearth 1712 farmhouse called Puddlebrooke, with barns, stables, yards, gardens, orchards, backsides, commons and land (114 acres) [field-names] in Haverhill, Wethersfield, Sturmer and Great and Little Wratting… 1712-1768

D/DGd/T73 Abstracts draft abstracts and draft supplemental abstracts of title to property T28 and t31 to the late chapel formerly called Alderton Chappel, messuage called Chappel Farm with land (119 acres) [field-names] in Haverhill, Sturmer, and Great and Little Wratting 1868- 1883

D/DGd/T78 Messuage with courtyard, barns, stables … 130 acres in Haverhill … including deeds, 1566 of late chapel called Alderton Chappell with lands and woods 80 acres … Manor house of Giffords called The Place … Barkers Farme ‘the Chappell in occupation of John Barker in deed 1655 all in Haverhill Rectory of Haverhill and near contemporary copy of Crown Grant 1569 of above mentioned Rectory …1566 –1665

D/DGd/T79 Royal Warrant 1616 for suspension of bankruptcy proceedings v Sir Thomas Soames

D/DGd/T80Deeds late chapel called Alderon Chappell in Haverhill … (94 acres) in Haverhill, Great and Little Wratting … Wood 38 acres called Blunts Park

D/DGd/T81 Property as in T80 farmhouse called Puddlebrooke … farm called The Place Farm alias Haverhill Place Farm … Bundle labelled ‘Haverhill Farms’

D/DGd/T82 Property as in T31 and T81

Miscellaneous Collections

D/DWv/B6 Miscellaneous Papers re manor of Haverhill with Horsham and Helions Bumstead 1517-1768

Suffolk Record Office, Bury St Edmunds

Maps

Q/RI 19 Enclosure map and award Haverhill 1857 T101/1,2 Tithe Apportionment and Map Little Wratting 1843 T203/1,2 Tithe Apportionment and Map Haverhill 1841 Acc 537 Parish Map Haverhill 1733 Acc 1944 Photographic Copy of map of Manor of Bluntes 1613 FL 578/13/1 A Survey of the Manors of Haverhill Horsham and Helyons in the County of Essex belonging to Edward Colman, gent [copy n.d c. 1720]

Glebe Terriers

806/1/72 Glebe Terriers Haverhill 1677 – 1834 E14/4/1 Glebe Terriers Little Wratting 1613 (1536) and Withersfield 1613

On-line Index West Sussex Record Office, Lewes

Shillinglee MSS 22/2

Bargain & Sale by George Smyth to Henry Turnor of Little Wratting of a mill andf lands called Wrennes Park etc 4 August 1571

Printed Sources

John Caley FRS, Sir Henry Ellis LLB, FRS, Rev Buckeley Bandinel DD, Sir William Dugdale, ‘Monasticon Anglicanum A History of the Abbies and other Monastries, Hospitals, Frieries and Cathedral and Collegiate Churches with their dependencies in England and Wales’ Vol V, London 1846

W.A. Copinger ‘Suffolk Records and Manuscripts’ Vol III & V, London 1904

W.A. Copinger ‘Manors of Suffolk Notes on Their History and Devolution The Hundreds of Lothingland and Mutford, Plomesgate, and Risbridge’ Vol 5 Manchester 1909

S.H.A Hervey ‘Suffolk in 1327 Being a Subsidy Return’ Suffolk Green Book, Woodbridge 1906

W.R. and R. K. Serjeant ‘Index of the Probate Records of the Court of the Archdeacon of Sudbury 1354-1700’ British Record Society, pub1984 Figure 24. 1855 Haverhill Enclosure Figure 25. 1841 Haverhill tithe map Figure 26. 1843 Little Wratting tithe map Figure 27. 1737 Haverhill parish map – Chapel Field Figure 28. 1737 Haverhill parish map – Chapel Farm Figure 29. 1613 Manor of Bluntes Appendix 4.1. HVH 064 bulk finds

Context Pottery No Pottery Wt Ceramic Period CBM No CBM Wt Fd clay No Fd clay Wt Bt flint No Bt flint Wt A bone No A bone Wt Shell No Shell Wt Misc

1125ROM 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

41784IA? 00 0 0 0 0 6 3600

7414IA? 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

8159ROM 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

10 1 13 PMED 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

52 2 27 PRE 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

70 21 100 PRE 00 0 0 0 0 4 2700

72 3 3 IA/R 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

76 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0

96 2 5 MED 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

98 12 73 MED 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

100 42 556 MED 00 0 0 0 0 3 3200

102 44 496 MED 0 0 0 0 1 58 1 2 0 0 Lavastone 4 @ 100g

103 3 486 LS/MED 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

104 9 137 MED 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

109 5 21 MED 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

111 25 242 MED 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

Page 1 of 2 Context Pottery No Pottery Wt Ceramic Period CBM No CBM Wt Fd clay No Fd clay Wt Bt flint No Bt flint Wt A bone No A bone Wt Shell No Shell Wt Misc

113 2 48 MED 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

115 4 14 MED 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

119 1 7 MED 00 1 160 0 0 0 00

121 1 9 S/MED? 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

125 2 6 MED 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

123 1 6 MED 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

127 8 66 MED 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

131 8 39 MED 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

136 4 25 MED 1 51 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 15 Oyster shell discarded

129 10 71 MED 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

Page 2 of 2 Appendix 4.2. WTL 008 bulk finds

Context Pottery No Pottery Wt Ceramic Period CBM No CBM Wt Fired clay No Fired clay Wt Animal bone No Animal bone Wt Shell No Shell Wt Miscellaneous

1010 28PRE00006 3100

1012 00 173000 000

1039 00 00000 000

1043 00 00002 3000

1062 00 0 0 1 160 000

1071 210PRE00160 000

1087 00 00003 1100

1099 122PRE 0 0 4 180 00 0

1065 00 240000 000

1113 27MED 0 0 2 131 900

1119 22151MED00001 200

1120 14 102 MED 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 Lavastone 14 @ 309g

1121 38 363 MED 0 0 0 0 1 10 0 0 Lavastone 1 @ 41g

1129 321MED00000 000

1139 311MED 0 0 5 112 30 0

1141 53MED00000 000

1153 1535MED00001 1100

1144 12MED00000 000

Page 1 of 2 Context Pottery No Pottery Wt Ceramic Period CBM No CBM Wt Fired clay No Fired clay Wt Animal bone No Animal bone Wt Shell No Shell Wt Miscellaneous

1145 441MED00003 300

1167 420MED00000 000

1171 4 24 MED 0 0 0 0 9 99 1 35 Oyster shell disc

1173 00 00150 000

1177 679MED00000 000

1179 28683MED00000 000

1181 18 180 MED 0 0 1 17 0 0 0 0

1183 35MED00001 100

1185 112MED10000 000

1187 226MED00005 10400

1202 78742MED00005 10400

1206 312MED00000 000

1210 13MED00002 800

1221 956MED00000 000

1223 963MED 0 0 2 110 00 0

1233 206 989 MED 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lavastone 6 @ 67g

1237 15PRE00090 000

1219 6 50 MED 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 Lavastone 1 @ 3446g (small found)

Page 2 of 2 Appendix 4.3. HVH 064 Pottery

Context Ceramic period Fabric Form Dec No of sherds Weight Abrasion Sooting Illustrate Comments Fabric spotdate Overall spotdate

1 R BSW JAR 1 24 Flat base, removed with Early Roman string or wire

4 IA/ES HMSO JAR 3 15 Small hand made jar

4 IA/ES HMSO BODY 2 28 A Buff ext margins, reduced core

4 IA/ES HMSO BODY 12 38 Iron Age?

7 IA/ES HMSO BODY 4 14 Similar if not the same vessel IA? as in 004

8 R GROG BODY COM 1 59 AA Combed vertical dec, from 1-60 AD B storage jar

10 PM GRE BODY 1 13 AA Glazed intern, worn both 16th-18th C sides

52 PRE FLINT BODY 2 27 Reduced, thickwalled, v crude, 2 joining, near bas

70 PRE FLINT BODY 11 61 Oxid ext w fine/med flint

70 PRE FLINT BODY 1 14 Similar but comp oxidised

70 PRE FLINT BODY 1 9 Sparse fine/med flint

70 PRE FLINT BODY 8 17 Fine fabs w mod small flint

72 PRE FLINT BODY 3 3 Small finely potted vessel w Poss IA sparse small flint

96 M HCW BODY 1 2 S

96 M MCW BODY 1 3 A L12th-13th C

98 M HCW BODY 7 49 A Includes ab base sherd

Page 1 of 4 Context Ceramic period Fabric Form Dec No of sherds Weight Abrasion Sooting Illustrate Comments Fabric spotdate Overall spotdate

98 MHCWFCP/JA 1 8 S Thickened flat topped rim L12th-E13th C R

98 M MCW BODY 4 16 S Poss HCW variants L12th-13th C

100 MHCWFCP/JA 38 511 S POSS Many joining sherds 12th-E13th C R including rim.Rilled

100 M MCW BODY APD 1 20 Sim fab to WTL08 1170

100 M MCW BASE 2 25 S

100 M HCW BODY 1 6 Oxidised L12th-?E13th C

102 M HCWF BODY 4 62 S 2 joining, oxidised

102 M HCW BODY 18 140

102 M HCWF BODY 3 18 S

102 M MCWG? BODY 1 4 AA Very quartzy

102 M MCW BOWL 1 14 Hard-fired, grey groove ? below rim

102 MHCW?CP/JA 1 11 Soft, oxid core, sandy coarse R variant?

102 M HCW? BODY 3 16 Oxidised

102 M MCW BOWL 6 141 S Poss 1 vessel, squared rim L12th-13th C

103 M SNTE BOWL 3 490 YES Comp profile f lge bowl, rim 1000-1200 1000-1200 diameter 380mm, Denha

104 M MISC BODY APD 9 137 Sandy coarse, handmade, 11th-12th C precursor to HCW

109 M HCW BODY 2 6 Oxidised L12th-13th C

109 M HCW? BODY 2 9 A

Page 2 of 4 Context Ceramic period Fabric Form Dec No of sherds Weight Abrasion Sooting Illustrate Comments Fabric spotdate Overall spotdate

109 M MCW BODY 1 5

111 M MCWG BASE 1 20 S 'Fumed' effect

111 M HCW BODY 13 78 S L12th-13th C

111 M HCW BODY 1 27 Rilled ext

111 M MCW BODY 7 88 S Reddish brown

111 M HCW CP/JA 1 8 S Small beaded rim, poss fine 12th C R variant

111 M MCW BODY 1 11 S Buff fab, fine w quartz incs

111 M EMCH? JAR? 1 8 A Chalk incs, see HVH 022

113 M HCW BASE 2 48 S L12th-13th C

115 M MCW CP/JA 1 10 Squarish rim, not later than R 1250?

115 M MCW BODY 3 4 Coarser, sandier fabric L12th-14th C

119 M MCW BODY INCD 1 7 Incised wavy line L12th-14th C

121 M SNTE BODY 1 9 Frequent shell 850-1150

123 M MCW BODY 1 6 Greyware L12th-14th C

125 M HCW BODY 1 5

125 M MCW BODY 1 1 Reddish brown fabric L12th-13th C

127 M MCW BODY 4 44 A S Body/base

127 M HCW BODY 1 5

127 M HFW2 JUG 2 14 A Hardly any glaze L 12th-M13th C

127 M MCWG BODY 4 7 AA Reddish brown gritty

Page 3 of 4 Context Ceramic period Fabric Form Dec No of sherds Weight Abrasion Sooting Illustrate Comments Fabric spotdate Overall spotdate

127 M HFW1? BODY 1 2 Paler fabric, more shell

129 M HCW BODY 4 25 L12th-13th C

129 M MCW BODY 2 25 S 2 joining, hard coarse greyware

129 M HCW BODY 2 14

129 M MCW BODY 2 7 Reddish brown

136 M MCW BODY 1 2

136 M HCW BODY 3 23 A L12th-13th C

131 M HCW BODY 2 23 S L12th-13th C

131 M MCW BODY 1 4

131 M MCWG BODY 4 7 AA Reddish brown, gritty

131 M MSHW BODY 1 5 A Thinwalled, grey margins,

Page 4 of 4 Appendix 4.4. WTL 008 Pottery

Context Ceramic period Fabric Form Decoration No of sherds Weight Abrasion Sooting Comments Fabric spotdat Overall spotdate Illustrate

1010 PRE FLINT BODY 2 8 Flint temp, oxid ext Prehistoric! margins

1071 PRE HMG BODY 2 10 A Handmade groggy Could be B Age (CT)

1099 M HCW? BODY 1 22 Rilled ext,

1113 M HCW BODY 1 4 L12th-13th C

1113 M HCW BODY 1 3 Oxid ext margins.

1119 M HFW BODY APD 6 30 M12th-M13th C

1119 M UPG BODY APD 1 6 Fine fab, poss HFW

1119 M HCW BODY 9 66

1119 M HCWF BODY 2 15

1119 M MCW BODY 4 36 S

1120 M EMSC BODY 2 14 A Base sherds, have coarse sand, chalk & flint

1120 M HCW BODY 8 35 S

1120 M HCWF BODY APD 1 10 A

1120 M MCWG? BODY 1 16 Base

1120 M HCW? BODY 1 20 Base L12th-13th C

1121 M HFW2 JUG APD 4 36 Grey core, & copper glaze

Page 1 of 5 Context Ceramic period Fabric Form Decoration No of sherds Weight Abrasion Sooting Comments Fabric spotdat Overall spotdate Illustrate

1121 M HFW2 JUG 1 38 Strap handle

1121 M HFW2 BODY 3 16

1121 M EMSC BODY 1 2 Sim vessel to 1120

1121 M HCW BODY 12 135 S

1121 M HCW JAR 1 24 A Neckless jar, triang 2nd half of 13th C

1121 M HCW JAR 1 32 A

1121 M HCW BOWL? 1 8

1121 M STNE BODY 1 7

1121 M HCWF? CP/JAR 2 21 2 joining, reddish ext margin, squared rim

1121 M MCW? BODY 3 2 A Reddish brown

1121 M HCWF BODY 9 35

1129 M MCW BODY 2 19 S 2 joining

1129 M HFW? BODY 1 2 Fine silty fab but no L12th-13th C glaze

1139 M MCW BODY 2 7 2 joining L12th-14th C

1139 M MCWG BODY 1 4 Almost EMW Gritty?

1144 M EMWT? BODY 1 2 S Finewalled, sparse Early HCW? 11th-13th C shell, Early med transitional?

1141 M MCW BODY 5 3 L12th-14th C

1153 M HCW BODY 8 27

1153 M HCW? BODY 7 9 red-brown ext L12th-13th C margins

Page 2 of 5 Context Ceramic period Fabric Form Decoration No of sherds Weight Abrasion Sooting Comments Fabric spotdat Overall spotdate Illustrate

1145 M HFW JUG 6 41 A ?Stamped strip type L12th-E13th C L12th-E13th C

1167 M HCW BODY 3 14 smooth variant? Heavily rilled, 2 joining

1167 M HCW? BASE 1 5 L12th-13th C

1171 M HCWF BODY 1 4

1171 M HCW? BODY 1 12

1171 M HFW BODY 2 7

1177 M HCW BODY 1 14 S L12th-13th C

1177 M HCW? BODY APD 1 9 Reddish ext, grey core, fine sandy

1177 R STOR? BODY 2 43 2 joining, Roman storage jar?

1177 M MCW BODY 1 2

1177 M EMWS BODY 1 10 Fine fab w frequent small bivalve shells ?Fab 12A

1179 M MCW CP/JAR APD 28 683 Nearly 13th-14th C? necklesseverted rim, poss Essex

1181 M HCW CP/JAR 1 42 Squared rim ?Pre 1250

1181 M HCW CP/JAR 1 30

1181 M HCW CP/JAR 1 20 S

1181 M EMS BOWL 1 22 A Sandy w sp calc, unusual form

1181 M HCW BODY 11 47

Page 3 of 5 Context Ceramic period Fabric Form Decoration No of sherds Weight Abrasion Sooting Comments Fabric spotdat Overall spotdate Illustrate

1181 M HCW? BODY 3 17 Fine variants

1183 M HCW BODY 1 1 L12th-13th C

1183 M MCW BODY 2 3 S

1187 M HCW JAR 1 22 Neckless jar (Fab 2nd half of 13th C+ 20D)

1187 M MCW BODY 1 4 A Reddish brown

1202 M HCW BODY 52 356

1202 M HCW JUG 2 114 2 joining, oval strap handle & rim ?Rounded jug?

1202 M HCW SKIL 1 90 Handle

1202 M HCW BASE 5 57 S Base sherds poss some from burnt skillet base

1202 M HCW BODY 2 7 Rilled, smooth variant

1202 M MCW BODY 5 65 S Red brown, sagging base

1202 M HCWF BASE 1 12

1202 M HCW BODY 5 16 S

1202 M MCW BASE 2 5

1202 M HFW BODY 2 11 2 joining, mottled Prob 1st half of 13th C glaze

1206 M COLC? BODY 2 10 Hard, oxid margins, ?L13th C grey core

1206 M HCWF BODY 1 2 Fine variant

Page 4 of 5 Context Ceramic period Fabric Form Decoration No of sherds Weight Abrasion Sooting Comments Fabric spotdat Overall spotdate Illustrate

1210 M HCW BODY 1 2 L12th-13th C

1221 M HCW BODY 3 19

1221 M HCWF? BODY 1 2 L12th-13th C

1221 M MCW BODY 5 34 S Some poss Hedingham

1223 M MSHW? BODY 1 7

1223 M HCWF BODY 1 7

1223 M HCW CP/JAR 1 12 Thck, flat toppped int L12th-13th C bead

1223 M HCW CP/JAR 1 10 12th-E13th C ?1st half of 13th C??

1223 M HCW BODY 2 7

1223 M MCW BASE 2 18

1223 M MISC BODY 1 1 Poss fired clay!

1233 M MCW CP/JAR 206 989 Flat topped necked jar 13th C YES

1237 IA? HMSO BODY 1 3 Sand & organic

1219 M EMWC BODY 1 7 A Fabric 13ck?

1219 M HCWF BODY 2 9

1219 M HCW CP/JAR 1 17 Thickened, flat- topped

1219 M HCW CP/JAR 1 15 A Thickened 12th-E13th C

1219 M HCWF? BODY 1 3

Page 5 of 5 Appendix 5

SUFFOLK COUNTY COUNCIL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICE - CONSERVATION TEAM

Brief and Specification for an Archaeological Evaluation

Land NW of Haverhill for CgMs

The commissioning body should be aware that it may have Health & Safety and other responsibilities, see paragraphs 1.7 & 1.8.

This is the brief for the first part of a programme of archaeological work. There is likely to be a requirement for additional work, this will be the subject of another brief.

1. Background

1.1 In order to establish the full archaeological implications of development at this location the applicant is advised that an archaeological field evaluation of the potential application area should be provided.

In the event of an application coming forward the Planning Authority will be advised that any consent should be conditional upon an agreed programme of work taking place before development begins (PPG 16, paragraph 30 condition). An archaeological evaluation of the application area will be required as the first part of such a programme of archaeological work; decisions on the need for, and scope of, any further work will be based upon the results of the evaluation and will be the subject of additional briefs.

1.2 The site area lies to the W of the Bury to Haverhill Road (A143), N of Boyton Hall and spans the parish boundary between Little Wratting and Haverhill. The block is centred upon TL562468.

1.3 The potential development area has been the subject of a desk-top assessment by CgMs (Suzzanne Gailey Feb 2007). This report adequately defines the actual and potential archaeology of the area; the conclusions are accepted.

1.4 All arrangements for the field evaluation of the site, the timing of the work, access to the site, the definition of the precise area of landholding and area for proposed development are to be defined and negotiated with the commissioning body.

1.5 Detailed standards, information and advice to supplement this brief are to be found in Standards for Field Archaeology in the East of England, East Anglian Archaeology Occasional Papers 14, 2003. 1.6 In accordance with the standards and guidance produced by the Institute of Field Archaeologists this brief should not be considered sufficient to enable the total execution of the project. A Project Design or Written Scheme of Investigation (PD/WSI) based upon this brief and the accompanying outline specification of minimum requirements, is an essential requirement. This must be submitted by the developers, or their agent, to the Conservation Team of the Archaeological Service of Suffolk County Council (Shire Hall, Bury St Edmunds IP33 2AR; telephone/fax: 01284 352443) for approval. The work must not commence until this office has approved both the archaeological contractor as suitable to undertake the work, and the PD/WSI as satisfactory. The PD/WSI will provide the basis for measurable standards and will be used to establish whether the requirements of any future planning condition are likely to be adequately met.

1.7 Before any archaeological site work can commence it is the responsibility of the developer or landowner or their agent to ensure that the archaeological contractor is not at risk from contaminated land and should expect to provide a contamination report for the site or a written statement that there is no contamination. The developer should be aware that investigative sampling to test for contamination is likely to have an impact on any archaeological deposit which exists; proposals for sampling should be discussed with this office before execution.

1.8 The responsibility for identifying any restraints on field-work (e.g. Scheduled Monument status, Listed Building status, public utilities or other services, tree preservation orders, SSSIs, wildlife sites &c.) rests with the commissioning body and its archaeological contractor. The existence and content of the archaeological brief does not over-ride such restraints or imply that the target area is freely available.

2. Brief for the Archaeological Evaluation

2.1 Establish whether any archaeological deposit exists in the area, this must include recognition of any which are of sufficient importance to merit preservation in situ.

2.2 Identify the date, approximate form and purpose of any archaeological deposit within the application area, together with its likely extent, localised depth and quality of preservation.

2.3 Evaluate the likely impact of past land uses and natural soil processes. Define the potential for existing damage to archaeological deposits. Define the potential for colluvial/alluvial deposits, their impact and potential to mask any archaeological deposit. Define the potential for artificial soil deposits and their impact on any archaeological deposit.

2.4 Establish the potential for waterlogged organic deposits in the proposal area. Define the location and level of such deposits and their vulnerability to damage by development where this is defined.

2.5 Provide sufficient information to construct an archaeological conservation strategy, dealing with preservation, the recording of archaeological deposits, working practices, timetables and orders of cost. 2.6 This project will be carried through in a manner broadly consistent with English Heritage's Management of Archaeological Projects, 1991 (MAP2), all stages will follow a process of assessment and justification before proceeding to the next phase of the project. Field evaluation is to be followed by the preparation of a full archive, and an assessment of potential. Any further excavation required as mitigation is to be followed by the preparation of a full archive, and an assessment of potential, analysis and final report preparation may follow. Each stage will be the subject of a further brief and updated project design, this document covers only the evaluation stage.

2.7 The developer or his archaeologist will give the Conservation Team of the Archaeological Service of Suffolk County Council (address as above) five working days notice of the commencement of ground works on the site, in order that the work of the archaeological contractor may be monitored.

2.8 If the approved evaluation design is not carried through in its entirety (particularly in the instance of trenching being incomplete) the evaluation report may be rejected. Alternatively the presence of an archaeological deposit may be presumed, and untested areas included on this basis when defining the final mitigation strategy.

2.9 An outline specification, which defines certain minimum criteria, is set out below.

3 Field Evaluation

3.1 Examine the area for earthworks, e.g. banks, ponds, ditches. If present these are to be recorded in plan at 1:2500, with appropriate sections. A record should be made of the topographic setting of the site (e.g. slope, plateau, etc). The Conservation Team of SCC Archaeological Service must be consulted if earthworks are present and before proceeding to the excavation of any trial trenches.

3.2 Trial trenches are to be excavated to cover a minimum 5% by area of the entire site and shall be positioned to sample all parts of the site. Linear trenches are thought to be the most appropriate sampling method. Trenches are to be a minimum of 1.8m wide unless special circumstances can be demonstrated. If excavation is mechanised a toothless ‘ditching bucket’ must be used. The trench design must be approved by the Conservation Team of the Archaeological Service before field work begins.

3.3 The topsoil may be mechanically removed using an appropriate machine fitted with toothless bucket and other equipment. All machine excavation is to be under the direct control and supervision of an archaeologist. The topsoil should be examined for archaeological material.

3.4 The top of the first archaeological deposit may be cleared by machine, but must then be cleaned off by hand. There is a presumption that excavation of all archaeological deposits will be done by hand unless it can be shown there will not be a loss of evidence by using a machine. The decision as to the proper method of further excavation will be made by the senior project archaeologist with regard to the nature of the deposit. 3.5 In all evaluation excavation there is a presumption of the need to cause the minimum disturbance to the site consistent with adequate evaluation; that significant archaeological features, e.g. solid or bonded structural remains, building slots or postholes, should be preserved intact even if fills are sampled.

3.6 There must be sufficient excavation to give clear evidence for the period, depth and nature of any archaeological deposit. The depth and nature of colluvial or other masking deposits must be established across the site.

3.7 The contractor shall provide details of the sampling strategies for retrieving artefacts, biological remains (for palaeoenvironmental and palaeoeconomic investigations), and samples of sediments and/or soils (for micromorphological and other pedological/sedimentological analyses. Advice on the appropriateness of the proposed strategies will be sought from J Heathcote, English Heritage Regional Adviser for Archaeological Science (East of England). A guide to sampling archaeological deposits (Murphy and Wiltshire 1994) is available.

3.8 Any natural subsoil surface revealed should be hand cleaned and examined for archaeological deposits and artefacts. Sample excavation of any archaeological features revealed may be necessary in order to gauge their date and character.

3.9 Metal detector searches must take place at all stages of the excavation by an experienced metal detector user.

3.10 All finds will be collected and processed (unless variations in this principle are agreed with the Conservation Team of SCC Archaeological Service during the course of the evaluation).

3.11 Human remains must be left in situ except in those cases where damage or desecration are to be expected, or in the event that analysis of the remains is shown to be a requirement of satisfactory evaluation of the site. However, the excavator should be aware of, and comply with, the provisions of Section 25 of the Burial Act 1857. “Guidance for best practice for treatment of human remains excavated from Christian burial grounds in England” English Heritage and the Church of England 2005 provides advice and defines a level of practice which should be followed whatever the likely belief of the buried individuals.

3.12 Plans of any archaeological features on the site are to be drawn at 1:20 or 1:50, depending on the complexity of the data to be recorded. Sections should be drawn at 1:10 or 1:20 again depending on the complexity to be recorded. Any variations from this must be agreed with the Conservation Team.

3.13 A photographic record of the work is to be made, consisting of both monochrome photographs and colour transparencies.

3.14 Topsoil, subsoil and archaeological deposit to be kept separate during excavation to allow sequential backfilling of excavations. 4 General Management

4.1 A timetable for all stages of the project must be agreed before the first stage of work commences, including monitoring by the Conservation Team of SCC Archaeological Service.

4.2 The composition of the project staff must be detailed and agreed (this is to include any subcontractors).

4.3 A general Health and Safety Policy must be provided, with detailed risk assessment and management strategy for this particular site.

4.4 No initial survey to detect public utility or other services has taken place. The responsibility for this rests with the archaeological contractor.

4.5 The Institute of Field Archaeologists’ Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk-based Assessments and for Field Evaluations should be used for additional guidance in the execution of the project and in drawing up the report.

5. Report Requirements

5.1 An archive of all records and finds must be prepared consistent with the principles of English Heritage's Management of Archaeological Projects, 1991 (particularly Appendix 3.1 and Appendix 4.1).

5.2 The data recording methods and conventions used must be consistent with, and approved by, the County Sites and Monuments Record.

5.3 The objective account of the archaeological evidence must be clearly distinguished from its archaeological interpretation.

5.4 An opinion as to the necessity for further evaluation and its scope may be given. No further site work should be embarked upon until the primary fieldwork results are assessed and the need for further work is established

5.5 Reports on specific areas of specialist study must include sufficient detail to permit assessment of potential for analysis, including tabulation of data by context, and must include non-technical summaries.

5.6 The Report must include a discussion and an assessment of the archaeological evidence. Its conclusions must include a clear statement of the archaeological potential of the site, and the significance of that potential in the context of the Regional Research Framework (East Anglian Archaeology, Occasional Papers 3 & 8, 1997 and 2000).

5.7 Finds must be appropriately conserved and stored in accordance with UK Institute of Conservators Guidelines. The finds, as an indissoluble part of the site archive, should be deposited with the County SMR if the landowner can be persuaded to agree to this. If this is not possible for all or any part of the finds archive, then provision must be made for additional recording (e.g. photography, illustration, analysis) as appropriate. 5.8 The site archive is to be deposited with the County SMR within three months of the completion of fieldwork. It will then become publicly accessible.

5. 9 Where positive conclusions are drawn from a project (whether it be evaluation or excavation) a summary report, in the established format, suitable for inclusion in the annual ‘Archaeology in Suffolk’ section of the Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute for Archaeology, must be prepared. It should be included in the project report, or submitted to the Conservation Team, by the end of the calendar year in which the evaluation work takes place, whichever is the sooner.

5.10 County SMR sheets must be completed, as per the county SMR manual, for all sites where archaeological finds and/or features are located.

5.11 At the start of work (immediately before fieldwork commences) an OASIS online record http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/project/oasis/ must be initiated and key fields completed on Details, Location and Creators forms.

5.12 All parts of the OASIS online form must be completed for submission to the SMR. This should include an uploaded .pdf version of the entire report (a paper copy should also be included with the archive).

Specification by: RDCarr

Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Conservation Team Environment and Transport Department Shire Hall Bury St Edmunds Suffolk IP33 2AR Tel: 01284 35244

Date:16 April 2007 Reference: PreNWHaverhill_Spec fw.doc

This brief and specification remains valid for 12 months from the above date. If work is not carried out in full within that time this document will lapse; the authority should be notified and a revised brief and specification may be issued.

If the work defined by this brief forms a part of a programme of archaeological work required by a Planning Condition, the results must be considered by the Conservation Team of the Archaeological Service of Suffolk County Council, who have the responsibility for advising the appropriate Planning Authority.