The Seed Technologist Newsletter
A newsletter for
The Association of Official Seed Analysts & The Society of Commercial Seed Technologist
Volume 83, Number 2 May, 2009
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 1 May, 2009
2008 - 2009 AOSA EXECUTIVE BOARD INFORMATION
Brent Turnipseed, President SDSU Seed Lab Plant Science Dept. P.O. Box 2207A, Ag Hall 227 Brookings, SD 57007 PH: 605-688-4589 Email: [email protected] FAX: 605-688-4013
Michael Stahr, Vice-President Dan Curry, Secretary-Treasurer Iowa State University Director of Seed Services Oregon State University 128A Seed Science Center 107 Crop Science Building Ames, IA 50011 Corvallis, OR 97331 PH: 515-294-0117 PH: 541-737-5094 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] FAX: 515-294-8303 FAX: 541-737-1589
Board Members Aida Galarza Michael Gill Georgia Dept. of Ag. Atlanta Seed Laboratory New Mexico Dept. of Ag. State Seed Laboratory Rm. 536 Ag. Bldg., Capitol Square MSC 3190 19 M.L. King, Jr. Dr. SW P.O. Box 30005 Atlanta, GA 30334 Las Cruces, NM 88003-8005 PH: 404-656-3635 PH: 505-646-3407 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] FAX: 404-657-8378 FAX: 505-646-1841
Janine Maruschak Victor Shaul CFIA Saskatoon Lab Washington State Department of Agriculture Seed Seed Science and Tech. Section Program 301-421 Downey Rd. 21 N. 1 st Ave. #203 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Yakima, WA 98902 Canada S7N 4L8 PH: 509-225-2630 PH: 306-975-5832 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] FAX: 509-454-4395 FAX: 306-975-6450
Pat Stowe Johnny Zook North Carolina Dept. of Agriculture and Consumer Services Pennsylvania Dept. of Ag. Seed Section NCDA and Consumer Services 2301 N. Cameron St. PO Box 27647, 216 West Jones Street Harrisburg, PA 17110-9408 Raleigh, NC, 27603 PH: 717-787-4894 PH: (919) 733-3930 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] FAX: 717-705-6518 FAX: (919) 733-1041
Anita Hall, AOSA Executive Assistant Association of Official Seed Analysts 101 East State St., #214 Ithaca, NY 14850 [email protected] PH: 607-256-3313
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 2 May, 2009
2008 - 2009 SCST EXECUTIVE BOARD
President Vice President Gil Waibel, RST Doug Miller, RGT Wyoming Seed Analysis Lab Illinois Crop Improvement Assn. 749 Road 9 3105 Research Rd. Powell, WY P.O. Box 9013 82435307-754-4750 Champagne, IL 61826 Fax 307-754-4932 217-359-4053 [email protected] Fax: 217-359-4075 [email protected]
Director-at-Large Director-at Large Director-at Large Sue Alvarez, Terry Dunfield Jane Penrose, RST RST Seminis Vegetable Seeds J & T Green Seed Services Agri Seed Testing 2700 Camino del Sol Division726 Shoshone Ave. W 1930 Davcor Ct. SE Oxnard, CA 93030 Ste. 9 Twin Falls, ID 83301208- Salem, OR 97302 805-918-2469 733-3506 503-585-1440 Fax: 805-918-2424 [email protected] FAX: 503-588-0733 [email protected] [email protected]
Director-at Large Director-at Large Michael Stahr, CGT Jean Tolliver, RST 128A Seed Science Center Monsanto Seed Tech. Ctr. Iowa State University 460E. Adams St. Ames, IA 50011 Waterman, IL 60556 515-294-0117 815-264-8142 Fax: 515-294-8303 Fax: 815-264-7940 [email protected] [email protected]
Executive Director Anita Hall 101 East State Street PMB #214 Ithaca, NY 14850 607-256-3313 Fax 607-256-3313 [email protected]
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 3 May, 2009
SEED TECHNOLOGIST NEWSLETTER EDITORIAL STAFF
AOSA EDITOR SCST EDITOR Cindy Finneseth Sue Alvarez, Seed Testing Coordinator RST Seminis Vegetable Seeds Division of Regulatory Services 2700 Camino del Sol University of Kentucky Oxnard, CA 93030 103 Regulatory Services Bldg. 805-918-2469 Lexington, KY 40546-0275 Fax: 805-918-2424 859-257-2785 [email protected] Fax 859-323-9931 [email protected]
NORTHWEST I MIDWEST IIA Maryanne Triggs Washington State Dept. Jim Lair of Ag. USDA/ NASS – Grain Yields Lab 21 N. 1st Ave., Suite 203 c/o IL. Department of Agriculture Yakima, WA 98902 801 Sangamon Ave., P.O. Box 19281 509-225-2630 Springfield, IL 62794 Fax 509-454-4395 217-492-4295 Ext. 254 [email protected] Fax 217-492-4291 [email protected]
MIDWEST IIB NORTHEAST III SOUTHWEST IV Ronny Parmely Norma Rossel Donna Grubisic SDSU Seed Lab Johnny’s Selected Seeds MD Seed Analysis, Inc. P.O. Box 2207-A 955 Benton Avenue PO Box 40335 Brookings, SD 57007 Winslow, ME 04901 Santa Barbara, CA 93140 605-688-6636 207-861-3939 ext. 301 805-962-0739 Fax 605-688-4013 Fax 207-861-8381 805-962-0927 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
SOUTHERN V CANADA BOOKSHELF Aaron Palmer Doug Ashton Harold Armstrong Arkansas State Plant Board CSAAC Monsanto #1 Natural Resources Dr. 108 Vaughan St 460 E. Adams St. Little Rock, AR 72205 Almonte, ON Waterman, IL 60556 501-225-1598 CANADA , K0A 1A0 815-264-8142 Fax 501-225-7213 613-256-7411 Fax: 815-264-7940 [email protected] Fax 613-256-0485 [email protected] [email protected]
Subscription: $35.00 per year, U.S. Funds. Includes; three newsletter publications and the conference proceedings. For subscriptions, contact Anita Hall, SCST Executive Director/AOSA Executive Assistant at [email protected], or 607-256-3313, or visit the AOSA website: www.aosaseed.com.
The Seed Technologist Newsletter is published jointly by the Society of Commercial Seed Technologists, Inc. and the Association of Official Seed Analysts, Inc.
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 4 May, 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS 2008 - 2009 AOSA EXECUTIVE BOARD INFORMATION ...... 2 2008 - 2009 SCST EXECUTIVE BOARD ...... 3 SEED TECHNOLOGIST NEWSLETTER EDITORIAL STAFF ...... 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... 5 NOTES FROM THE EDITORS ...... 6 EXECUTIVE BOARD REPORTS ...... 7 SCST PRESIDENTIAL REPORT ...... 7 AOSA PRESIDENTIAL REPORT ...... 8 AOSA/SCST 2009 ANNUAL MEETING ...... 9 2009 ANNUAL MEETING INFORMATION ...... 9 ANNUAL MEETING SCHEDULE ...... 10 2009 RESEARCH PAPER ABSTRACTS ...... 12 Comparison of Two Accelerated Aging Test Methods ...... 12 How to Produce and Assure Uniformity in Master Calibration Samples ...... 13 Comparison of Inert Matter Content Separated from Tall Fescue Samples Using the AOSA Manual Method and a Uniform Blowing Procedure ...... 14 POSTER ABSTRACTS ...... 15 A High –throughput System for Integrated Extraction and PCR Amplification of DNA from Seed and Leaf Tissue for Plant Genotyping Studies ...... 15 Laboratory methods to break dormancy in eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) seeds .. 16 Svalbard Global Seed Vault: Safeguarding the Future of Agriculture ...... 16 Preservation of Plant Genetic Resources at the National Center of Genetic Resources Preservation ...... 17 The NCRPIS - Providing Diverse Plant Genetic Resources for Worldwide Research and Development...... 18 Annonaceae seeds: Desiccation tolerant with unusual physiologies ...... 18 The Effect of Seed Vigor on the Uniformity of Soybean Seedling Emergence ...... 19 Identification of Foxtail (Setaria) Impurities: Examination and Comparison of Four Species ...... 20 National Seed Herbarium of Canada ...... 21 Differential Scanning Calorimetry as a Tool for Nondestructive Measurements of Seed Deterioration in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa, CV “Black Seeded Simpson”) ...... 21 Cryogenic Storage of Cereal Grains: Results from a 20 Year Experiment ...... 22 Seed Storage Containers: Implications of water permeability properties on moisture management 23 Identification and Characteristics of Solanum, Physalis, Datura, and Quincula species ...... 23 Bonafide BDI® – Rye grass, A Novel, DNA based Diagnostic tool for Adventitious Presence test in Perennial Ryegrass ...... 24 SEED ISSUES FORUM ...... 24 WORKSHOPS AT THE ANNUAL MEETING ...... 25 Agenda for the Endophyte Testing Workshop ...... 25 Statistics Workshop June 1, 2009 Colorado State University ...... 26 PATHOLOGY/GENETIC TECHNOLOGY WORKSHOP ...... 27 Seed Technology Workshop ...... 27 COMMITTEE REPORTS ...... 28 CONSOLIDATION TASK FORCE REPORT ...... 28 Recommended Consolidation Plan ...... 29 Recommended Consolidation Plan for Elected Officers ...... 30 Appendix A. Consolidation Time Line ...... 31
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 5 May, 2009
History of Consolidation Effort ...... 32 RESEARCH IS THE WAY TO INNOVATE AND IMPROVE SEED TESTING ...... 34 GENERAL AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION ...... 36 MASTER CALIBRATION USAGE DATA ...... 36 ENCRUSTED COOL SEASON GRASS REFEREE ...... 39 BOOKSHELF ...... 49 ANNOUNCEMENTS ...... 50 NORTHEAST SEED ANALYST WORKSHOP ANNOUNCEMENT ...... 50 IDAHO SEED ANALYSTS ASSOCIATION WORKSHOP REVIEW ...... 51 SPOTLIGHT ON AN ANALYST ...... 52 PRINCIPLES OF SEED TESTING DVDS ...... 57 PRINCIPLES OF SEED TESTING DVDS ORDER FORM ...... 58 SEED PRODUCTION DVDS ...... 59 SEED PRODUCTION DVDS ORDER FORM ...... 60 TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES AT THE ISU SEED SCIENCE CENTER ...... 61 UPCOMING FEDERAL SEED SCHOOLS IN GASTONIA, NC ...... 61 EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ...... 62 JOB ANNOUNCEMENT- QUALITY MANAGER JOHNNY’S SELECTED SEEDS ...... 62 HORTICULTURAL INSPECTOR 3 (BIOTECHNOLOGY), DIVISION OF PLANT INDUSTRY ...... 64 CALENDAR ...... 65
NOTES FROM THE EDITORS
The Newsletter Committee is always looking for additional members. Please join us for our Committee Meeting on Tuesday, June 2 at 8:00 am. We will divvy up responsibilities for the annual meeting and the upcoming year and plan to discuss some exciting projects and a potential face-lift for the Newsletter.
Please consider submitting an article to the newsletter. Articles can be submitted at any time. Don’t wait for the deadline! Anyone can submit an article, but we consider the appropriateness and timing, and will not break copyright laws. We reserve the right to edit, but will not change content.
Some suggestions for articles: Seed testing or method ideas, Analyst news, Lab spotlight, General interest, Technical information, Workshop announcements, Seed school announcements and Meeting summaries or announcements.
Cindy Finneseth, AOSA Editor and Sue Alvarez, SCST Editor Deadline for the September 2009 Newsletter Issue: August 15, 2009
Submit articles by email to Cindy Finneseth, Sue Alvarez or your regional editor. Find the names and contact information on page 4. Websites AOSA (www.aosaseed.com) SCST (www.seedtechnology.net)
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 6 May, 2009
EXECUTIVE BOARD REPORTS
SCST Presidential Report
The annual meeting is just around the corner and I hope many of you will be able to attend. The consolidation of SCST and AOSA will be up for consideration. The proposed by-laws and a recommended consolidation plan are included in this newsletter. Additional information is available on the Consolidation Task force webpage: http://www.seedtechnology.net/Consolidation.htm. The Consolidation Task force must be thanked for their massive three year effort in putting this proposal together for us. For the most part, the current by-laws of SCST and AOSA serve as the basis of the proposed by-laws. This is just a starting point, since by-laws are open for change every year. In fact, our current by-laws are far from perfect. This year shows more than ever the need to consolidate. Traveling freezes and finances will affect our attendance at the Fort Collins meetings. We have so much to do in our organizations, and not enough resources to accomplish our charter. Please carefully consider the consolidation information and come to the meeting prepared to discuss this important issue. If you are unable to attend the meeting send the Executive Board or Consolidation Task Force your comments.
At the conclusion of the 2009 meeting, my term as President will end. I want to thank the SCST members for the opportunity to serve on the Executive Board and as its President. I wholly recommend such involvement. My view of the seed industry and how it works has broadened in ways I could not imagine. I have also met many people in our sister seed industry organizations, both nationally and internationally. It has also been a wonderful opportunity to meet and work with many SCST members I did not know before. Anyway – thank you!
In the last few months I have represented SCST at the ASTA Flower and Vegetable meeting, and the AOSCA winter meeting. The take-away message for SCST at these meetings is the real need for accurate and uniform seed testing results. There are many reasons why results can vary, and they are not all in our control. Sampling is always a big issue, while this is usually outside our control we can help educate our seed industry about proper sampling techniques. There are some areas we do directly control. When variability in testing results occurs, it costs the seed industry by inaccurately managing and pricing a seed lot, potential stop sales, and reputation. Buyers of seed rely on the accuracy of the information on the seed label. We must keep striving for highly accurate and uniform results. The resources we have to accomplish accurate and uniform results are through the training and education of analysts, and the use and proper interpretation of the rules. I recommend we all examine how we are testing seeds, and introspectively ask if we are properly testing by the AOSA Rules in all of our testing efforts. We must keep working on adding to, and improving the rules. Striving for accuracy and uniformity in testing is our biggest challenge as professionals and as an organization.
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 7 May, 2009
I look forward to seeing everyone who is able to come to the meetings this year. If you would like to be more involved, please look for opportunities to help this year. There is plenty of work to keep us all busy.
Sincerely, Gil Waibel, RST
AOSA Presidential Report
It is hard to believe that the annual meeting is just a few short weeks away. The host committee has put together an excellent program and our committees are hard at work preparing for their meetings. The Consolidation Task Force has put a tremendous amount of work into a draft Constitution and Bylaws for the consolidated organization, and a recommended Consolidation Plan. Both of these important documents are included in this newsletter and available on the AOSA website. Please take the time to carefully review these documents and bring your comments and concerns to the meeting. As you consider the possible merging of the AOSA and SCST, keep in mind what is best for AOSA long term, not just what you’d like for your lab or yourself! Keep an open mind to carefully weigh the benefits versus the cons of a potential merger. If you are unable to attend the meeting please contact me, one of your board members or Loren Weisner, the Consolidation Task Force Chair.
Many laboratories are facing tough times during this economic recession. Most of us will be expected to do more with less. This is true of both AOSA and SCST laboratories. While we all have to cope with economic limitations we also have to remember the important role seed testing and our organization plays in the seed industry. We still need to make the effort to participate in referee projects and committee activities, attend local industry meetings, and generally remain involved in our industry despite increased financial pressure. Please don’t hesitate to contact AOSA if you need support or assistance in explaining why your program is fundamental to the success of American agriculture.
I have enjoyed serving AOSA as president for the last two and half years. The experience has been extremely interesting and educational. I have had the opportunity to work with members of the seed industry from the US and all over the world. Making friends and contacts across the nation and world are vital to our organization. I now have a better understanding of the important role our organization plays both nationally and internationally. I hope many of you will consider serving AOSA as an officer or board member. While it is a responsibility to serve the AOSA, I guarantee you will get more out of the experience than you will put into it.
I hope to see you all in Fort Collins. Sincerely, Brent Turnipseed, AOSA President
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 8 May, 2009
AOSA/SCST 2009 ANNUAL MEETING
2009 Annual Meeting Information
The 2009 AOSA-SCST Annual Meeting is being hosted by the Front Range Seed Analysts in Fort Collins, CO, May 31 - June 5, 2009. The meeting is an excellent opportunity for you to appreciate all the activities AOSA and SCST are involved in. The meeting schedule is filled with committee meetings, Referee Projects, Research Papers Symposium, the Seed Issues Forum, Seed Technology Workshop, Open Rules Committee Meeting, Long Range Planning and Business Meetings. The meeting will also offer many opportunities to interact and network with your fellow seed analysts. There will also be a post convention bus tour to the stunningly beautiful Rocky Mountain National Park.
Please review the updated meeting information included in this newsletter and check the website for current information.
Visit the AOSA and SCST websites for complete on-line registration, on-line hotel reservations, workshop agendas, transportation and local information. The hotel phone number is 1-970-482-2626 if you wish to contact them directly. We hope to see you in beautiful Colorado!
http://www.seedtechnology.net/2009/2009_AOSA-SCST.htm http://www.aosaseed.com/2009/2009_AOSA-SCST.htm
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 9 May, 2009
Annual Meeting Schedule Time/Date Meeting/Event Saturday 5/30/2009 6:00 - 6:30pm Meeting with RGT Exam Candidates Sunday 5/31/2009 7:00am - 5:00pm Registration 7:00am - 5:00pm Business Office 7:45am - 6:00pm Endophyte Workshop 8:00am - 5:00pm SCST Board Meeting 8:00am - 2:00pm RGT Exam 8:00am - 5:00pm RGT Exam Grading 6:00pm - 7:00pm RGT Exam Results 7:00pm - 8:00pm Meeting with RST Exam Candidates
Monday 6/1/2009 7:00am - 5:00pm Registration 7:00am - 5:00pm Business Office 8:00am - 5:00pm Statistics Workshop (CSU) 7:30am - 5:00pm Pathology/Biotech Workshop (STA) 8:00am - 2:00pm RST Examination (CSU) 8:00am - 5:00pm RST Grading (CSU) 8:00am - 4:00pm AOSA Board Meeting 4:00pm-6:00pm AOSA-SCST Joint Board Meeting 10:00am - 10:30am Morning Break 12:00pm - 1:00pm Lunch for RST Exam and Statistics workshop 2:30pm - 3:00pm Afternoon Break 7:00pm - 8:00pm RST Exam results 8:00pm - 9:00pm Joint Committee Chair/Research Subcommittee Meeting
Tuesday 6/2/2009 7:00am - 5:00pm Registration 7:00am - 5:00pm Business Office 7:00am Bean Buddy Walk Run 8:00am - 9:00am Newsletter Committee 8:00am - 9:00am Digital Imagery Committee (formerly Computer) 8:00am - 9:00am AOSA By-laws Committee 9:00am - 10:00am Proficiency Testing Committee 9:00am - 10:00am Purity Committee 9:0am - 10:00am Referee Committee 10:00am - 12:00pm Opening Session and Brunch 10:00am - 12:00pm Exhibitor Set-up 12:00pm - 5:00pm Exhibits 12:30pm - 2:30pm Affiliates/Liaison Meeting 12:30pm - 2:30pm Rules Committee (closed) 12:15pm - 1:15pm Consolidation Discussion
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 10 May, 2009
1:15pm-2:15pm Research Papers 2:15pm - 2:30pm Afternoon Break 2:30pm - 4:00pm Referee Presentation/Buzz Session 5:00pm - 9:00pm Dinner- Terry Bison Ranch
Wednesday 6/3/2009 7:00am - 8:00pm Business Office/Registration 7:00am - 8:00am Breakfast 8:00am - 5:00pm Exhibits 8:00am - 10:00am Genetic Technology Committee 8:00am - 9:00am Conservation and Reclamation Seed Committee 8:00am - 9:00am Seed Technology Journal Committee 9:00am - 10:00am SCST Ethics Committee 9:00am - 10:00am Cultivar Purity/GMO Committee 9:00am - 10:00am Moisture Testing Committee 10:00am - 10:30am Morning Break 10:15am - 11:15pm Germination and Dormancy Committee 10:15am - 12:15pm Examination Committee (closed) 11:15am - 12:15pm Statistics Committee 11:15am - 12:15pm International Committee 12:00pm - 1:00pm Lunch- New AOSA & SCST Member Recognition 1:00pm - 2:00pm Imunnoassay Working Group 1:00pm - 2:00pm Tree and Shrub Committee 1:00pm - 3:00pm Rules Issues and Review Committee 2:00pm - 3:00pm Herbicide Bioassay Working Group 2:00pm - 4:00pm Vigor Committee 3:00pm - 4:00pm Teaching and Training Committee 4:00pm - 4:30pm Afternoon Break 4:00pm - 5:30pm Seed Technology Journal Workshop (open to all) 5:30pm - 6:00pm Seed Drop 6:00pm - 8:00pm Poster Session/Seed Issues Forum Reception
Thursday 6/4/2009 7:00am - 8:00pm Business Office/Registration 8:00am - 5:00pm Exhibits 7:00am - 8:00am Breakfast 8:00am - 9:00am Flower Seedling Committee 8:00am - 9:00am PCR Working Group 8:00am - 9:00am Seed Pathology Committee 9:00am - 12:00am Long Range Planning Session 10:00am Morning Break 12:00pm - 1:00pm Lunch- Anna Lute Award Presentation 1:00pm - 2:00pm Tetrazolium Committee 1:00pm - 2:00pm Electrophoresis Working Group
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 11 May, 2009
1:00pm - 2:00pm Handbook Committee 2:00pm - 2:15pm Afternoon Break 2:15pm - 5:15pm Open Rules Committee 6:00pm - 7:00pm Social Hour & Silent Auction 7:00pm - 10:00pm Banquet
Friday 6/5/2009 7:00am - 8:00pm Business Office/Registration 8:00am - 10:00am Exhibitors break down 7:00am - 8:00am Breakfast 8:00am - 10:00am Joint AOSA-SCST Rules Voting & Business Meeting 10:00am Morning Break 10:15am - 12:15pm SCST Business Meeting 12:15pm - 1:15pm Lunch 1:15pm - 3:15pm AOSA Business Meeting
Saturday 6/6/2009 all day Rocky Mountain National Park Bus Tour
2009 Research Paper Abstracts
Comparison of Two Accelerated Aging Test Methods 1S.G. Elias, 2R. Baalbaki, 3M.B. McDonald and J.M. Filho Oregon State University Seed Laboratory, California Dept. of Food and Agriculture, and Dept. of Horticulture and Crop Science at Ohio State University
Abstract The accelerated aging test (AAT) has been successfully used to evaluate seed vigor in a wide range of crop species for decades. Extensive studies with soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) have standardized the laboratory variables that influence AAT. However, no published data are available to compare whether aging the seeds by placing them as one layer on the AA screen without weighing versus weighing the seeds before placing them on the screen would affect final germination results of the test. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of each method, i.e., aging the seeds as one layer vs. weighing seeds before the aging process has on final germination results. High (approximately 95% standard germination) and borderline quality (using the seed industry standard of approximately 85% standard germination) seed lots of soybean, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) were included in the study. Twelve commercial and public laboratories conducted the AAT in 2009 using both the one layer and weight methods for soybean, and six laboratories for each of the sorghum and tomato seed lots. The parameters, i.e., temperature, duration of aging, initial moisture content and
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 12 May, 2009
seed weight listed in the AOSA Seed Vigor Testing Handbook, 1983, were followed for both methods. The only exception was placing a single layer from the crop to be tested on the surface of the AA screen in one test and weighing the seed sample to be placed in each AA box as specified in Table 2 of the AOSA Seed Vigor Testing Handbook in the other. The International Seed Testing Association tolerance Table 15.5 was employed to determine whether the AAT germination results of the two methods were within tolerance in each laboratory. No significant differences in final AAT germination results were detected whether laboratories placed the seeds without weight in one layer on the AA screen or weighed the seeds as directed in the AOSA Seed Vigor Testing Handbook for all seed lots and crops used in the study. The only exception was in one laboratory for one soybean high quality sample where the variation between the two methods was significant. Variation among laboratories using the same method was found to be greater than variation between methods within the same laboratory. Based on these findings, either aging the seeds by placing them in one layer on the AA screen or weighing the seeds can be used without significant difference in final AAT germination results. These findings provide flexibility to laboratories in using either method depending on each laboratory’s preferences and circumstances.
How to Produce and Assure Uniformity in Master Calibration Samples Adriel Garay, Sabry Elias and Heather Nott Oregon State University Seed Laboratory
Abstract Calibration samples are used to calibrate seed blowers that are used to separate light inert matter in purity tests. It makes possible to find comparable optimum blowing points across blowers regardless of their physical variation. This contributes to uniform blowing procedure (UBP) across blowers and laboratories. As more grasses are entering national and international markets, such procedures will be needed. However, there is no established procedure how to develop uniform calibration samples and how to ensure their uniformity is maintained during their life span. The objective of this study was to develop a stepwise procedure to prepare uniform master calibration samples, using tall fescue as a model. The overall procedure requires several critical steps, including: finding the optimum blowing point for the species of interest; validating that point across samples; preparing calibration samples that can find that point; and verifying that all calibration samples are comparable to each other (uniform). The optimum blowing point was identified in tall fescue and was validated across samples representing different varieties, years and growing conditions. The validation studies used visual examination of florets according to the one-third caryopsis rule and by germinating the light and heavy fractions of samples. Preparation of Master Calibration Samples followed making sure the overlap of pure seed (colored red) and the light portion (colored green) would coincide with the desired optimum blowing point. The master calibration samples developed in this study found the blowing point accurately, consistently and efficiently. Finally, a set of calibration samples that are proven to be
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 13 May, 2009
uniform can be called “Master Calibration Samples”. The importance of maintaining uniformity throughout the life of the calibration samples as well as the potential applications and implications of this method for other temperate and tropical grass species is discussed.
Comparison of Inert Matter Content Separated from Tall Fescue Samples Using the AOSA Manual Method and a Uniform Blowing Procedure Adriel Garay, Sabry Elias and Heather Nott Oregon State University Seed Laboratory
Abstract The current method for separation of light inert matter in tall fescue ’TF’ (Festuca arundinaceae L.) is lengthy and depends primarily on individual’s visual interpretation to the one-third caryopsis development in the AOSA Rules. The Uniform blowing procedure (UBP) has been successfully used in inert matter assessment of Kentucky bluegrass and orchardgrass for decades. Similar UBP has been developed for tall fescue. The objective of this research was to determine whether the UBP for tall fescue would produce comparable results (within tolerance) to the current AOSA visual/manual method.
Two studies including commercial and certified samples with different varieties and inert matter levels from various years, 2003 (a drought year), 2004 and 2005 (normal years) were conducted to separate inert matter using both the UBP and the current AOSA method. The results showed that regardless of the variety, year, environment or the inert matter content, both methods produced comparable results, i.e., within tolerance in every case.
A national referee was conducted in 2007 to study the correlation between the current AOSA method and the UBP in assessing the inert matter of TF samples and compare the time saving between the two methods. The results showed that all participating laboratories separated comparable amount of inert matter i.e., within tolerance according to the AOSA Tolerance Table 13A, using both the UBP and the current AOSA method.
In 2008 a Northwest referee was conducted on eight TF samples that contained up to an average of 12% inert matter, and were considered problematic. The hypothesis was that the current AOSA method and the proposed UBP would give different results. Four laboratories from Oregon submitted the samples as they came from customers. Six Labs from Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and California participated in the referee. The results indicated that the inert matter separated by both the current AOSA method and the UBP were within tolerance for all samples by all laboratories with the exception of one sample with high multiple florets, which was within tolerance in three laboratories. Results indicated that variation among laboratories within the same method was greater
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 14 May, 2009
than the variation between the two methods.
The results of all the studies showed that both methods produce comparable results; hence the UBP can be used as an alternative to the current visual/manual method. Because of its mechanical nature, the UBP will contribute to simplicity, efficiency, standardization and consistency of test results within and among laboratories.
Poster Abstracts
This year we will have many interesting and educational posters on display during the Poster session and Seed Issue Forum. Make sure you plan to attend this dynamic and informative session!
A High –throughput System for Integrated Extraction and PCR Amplification of DNA from Seed and Leaf Tissue for Plant Genotyping Studies Steve Michalik Genomics Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO.
Abstract The Extract-N-Amp™ Plant and Seed PCR Kits contain all the reagents necessary to rapidly extract genomic DNA from plant leaves or seeds, respectively, and amplify targets of interest by PCR (Fig. 1). A novel Extraction Solution eliminates the need for conventional organic extraction of plant tissues, column purification, or precipitation of DNA. While mechanical disruption of seeds is necessary for successful extraction of DNA from seeds, we have found that our technology obviates the need for such processing of plant leaves. Not only do the kits provide all materials needed to effectively extract DNA, but they also include a PCR mix especially formulated for amplification directly from the extract. These PCR ReadyMix formulations contain dNTPs, buffer, MgCl2, and use an antibody-based hot start for specific amplification. The PCR master mixes come in two formulations: Extract-N-Amp™ PCR Reaction Mix and REDExtract-N-Amp™ Plant PCR Kit. The REDExtract-N-Amp™ PCR mix contains a dye that acts as a tracking dye and allows for convenient direct loading of PCR reactions onto agarose gels for analysis. Genomic DNA is extracted from 0.5 to 0.7 cm plant leaf disks that have been cut with a standard paper punch or from ground seed material. The leaf disk or ground seed is simply incubated in Extraction Solution for 10 minutes and then an equal volume of Dilution Solution or Neutralization Solution is added to the extract to neutralize inhibitory substances prior to PCR. A portion of the DNA extract is then added to a PCR reaction containing primers and either the REDExtract-N-Amp™ or Extract-N-Amp™ PCR.
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 15 May, 2009
Laboratory methods to break dormancy in eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) seeds Cindy L.H. Finneseth1* and Robert L. Geneve2 1Division of Regulatory Services, 103 Regulatory Services Bldg., University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546 USA. Email: [email protected]. 2Dept. of Horticulture, N-318 Ag. Science N., University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Email: [email protected].
Abstract Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) is a widely-distributed native warm- season perennial grass with considerable utility including erosion control, wildlife planting, ornamental, forage, and as a biofuel source. Many cultivars, selections and ecotypes are available commercially. Plantings are most commonly established from seed; however, dormancy is a barrier to stand establishment. Development of one or more practical treatments to reduce dormancy and improve germination is of immediate commercial value to producers. The objective of this project was a practical assessment of laboratory methods for overcoming dormancy in eastern gamagrass. A single ‘Pete’ seed lot harvested in 2005 with an initial estimated viability of 74% based on tetrazolium (TZ) analysis was used for the experiments. Primary dormancy breaking treatments included: a) moist chilling, b) cupule removal, c) afterripening, d) predry, e) leaching, f) fire, g) charred wood extract, h) H2O2, i) GA3, j) KNO3, and k) scarification (chemical and physical). Seeds were exposed to treatments then germinated for 4 wks at 20/30°C. Fire and predry treatments were lethal; all other treatments except afterripening, leaching (48 hr), and GA3 (100 ppm), improved germination compared to the control (15%). Only moist chilling (6 wks at 10°C) was statistically superior at 52% germination, but 24% of the seed remained dormant after 4 wks at 20/30°C. An 18-hr soak in 15% H2O2 solution improved germination, but the effect was not consistent across experiments. Although not commercially feasible, the treatment combination of cupule removal and caryopsis scarification hastened germination and completely eliminated dormancy. At this time, moist chilling remains the most simple, effective and consistent dormancy-breaking treatment for eastern gamagrass, yet other dormancy- breaking chemicals and combinations of treatments may produce superior germination results. Additional research is necessary utilizing seed lots from other cultivars and harvest years.
Svalbard Global Seed Vault: Safeguarding the Future of Agriculture David Ellis The Plant Genetic Resources Preservation Program National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO
Abstract The National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation in Fort Collins Colorado coordinates the participation of the USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), along with 26 other genebanks from around the world, in a global effort to safeguard seeds of plants of importance to agriculture throughout the world by placing
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them in the Svalbard Global Seed Vault. Situated mid-way between the northern tip of Norway and the North Pole in a remote arctic island archipelago, the Svalbard Global Seed Vault marks its second year of operation in 2009. The Seed Vault currently contains over 400,000 seed collections from 220 countries, 31,000 of these samples from the NPGS. The vault entrance is ~430 feet above sea level, well above any predicted rise in sea level due to global warming. The vault consists of a 370 foot tunnel drilled into the solid rock permafrost in the side of a mountain leading to three seed storage rooms (~90’x30’x20’). The storage rooms and surrounding rocks are cooled to -18oC, although the permafrost will ensure the seed remains frozen in the unlikely event of a long-term power outage. The vault has no full time personnel on site, but local authorities have been enlisted to assist with security and any mechanical problems. The yearly operating expenses (estimated to be ~$200,000) are supported by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and the Government of Norway. The Seed Vault is managed by the Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen) and continually monitored. Seed in the vault is stored free of charge under a deposit agreement. Ownership of the seed is retained by the donor and access is limited to the donor only. More information can be obtained at http://www.nordgen.org/sgsv.
Preservation of Plant Genetic Resources at the National Center of Genetic Resources Preservation David Ellis, The Plant Genetic Resources Preservation Program National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO
Abstract The National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation (NCGRP) in Fort Collins Colorado, with storage of over 750,000 collections of seed and vegetative propagules, safeguards one of the largest ex-situ collections of plant genetic resources in the world. This largest part of the collection is the base collection for the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) consisting of over 500,000 collections from 1,162 genera and 6,800 species (as of April 1, 2009). Almost 99% of these collections are stored as seed, usually consisting of 1000-3000 seed/collection. Seed collections are equilibrated (dried) to 6-10% moisture content and stored long-term (decades to centuries) at -18oC or in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen (-175oC). Viability of the stored seed is initially assessed post-equilibration and then periodically as resources allow. All information on the collections is entered into the NPGS central database, the Germplasm Resources Information System (GRIN). Small research quantities of seed (25 – 100 seed) from all collections in the NPGS are distributed freely to qualified researchers throughout the world. In addition to the base collection at the NCGRP, the Center also provides duplicate back-up storage for important national and global collections. Examples of the duplicate storage include the global rice collection from the Philippines, the global wheat and maize collections from Mexico as well as collections from NGOs in the U.S.
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 17 May, 2009
The NCRPIS - Providing Diverse Plant Genetic Resources for Worldwide Research and Development. Maria Erickson1, 3, Lisa Pfiffner1, 3, Lisa Burke1, David Kovach1, Mark P. Widrlechner1, 2, Candice Gardner1, 2. 1 USDA-ARS Plant Introduction Research Unit, Ames, IA, 2 Adjunct Asst. Professor, Agronomy Dept., Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 3 Presenters
Abstract The North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS) is an active plant genebank of the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). Dedicated to conserving and providing plant genetic resources and valuable information to researchers worldwide, the NPGS is a network of federal and state institutions and research units coordinated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS). The NCRPIS was established as the first Plant Introduction Station in 1948 in Ames, Iowa in cooperation with Iowa State University. Today, the NCRPIS collections contain over 1,400 different plant species and ca. 50,000 accessions of crop cultivars, elite lines, landraces, populations, and wild and weedy crop relatives (valuable sources of genetic diversity). Our poster will present an overview of these collections and the personnel who curate and conserve them. Our mission includes acquisition and conservation of genetically diverse crop germplasm and associated information, characterization, evaluation, distribution, enhancement and education. Plant germplasm is collected, regenerated, stored under controlled conditions, monitored for viability, and distributed to researchers and educators worldwide. Accessions with ample seed quantities are backed up at the National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation (NCGRP) in Ft. Collins, CO. Where applicable, NCRPIS collection viability is monitored according to AOSA seed testing rules in our AOSA-certified laboratory under the supervision of an AOSA-certified CSA. The lack of standardized viability-testing protocols for many species necessitates a prioritized, collaborative approach to germination research. We conduct research that supports conservation activities, crop improvement and germplasm utilization to meet a wide array of objectives. The expertise of our NCGRP research partners is important to achieving these objectives.
Annonaceae seeds: Desiccation tolerant with unusual physiologies Gayle M. Volk*, Remi Bonnart, and Christina Walters USDA-ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation 1111 S. Mason St., Ft. Collins, CO 80521
Paw paw (Asimina triloba) is the only temperate species of the Annonaceae family. Wild paw paw trees can be found along the river valleys of the eastern and central United States and produce the largest fruits of any species native to North America. Paw paw seeds are reported to be classified as recalcitrant, with small embryos buried within a reticulate endosperm and a hard seed coat. We performed desiccation and low-temperature exposure experiments to determine if paw paw seeds have the potential for storage in ex situ genebanks. Germination was determined for seeds
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desiccated to between 3 and 35% moisture content (fresh weight basis) after either 7 or 15 weeks of stratification at 4oC. Seeds with 3% moisture content were also cooled to - 18oC. Our research revealed that paw paw seeds had high germination levels after - 18oC exposure for 24 h when stratified either before or after the desiccation treatment. Desiccation tolerance was also investigated for several tropical members of the Annonaceae family. Annona reticulata, Annona glabra, and Annona muricata seeds successfully germinated after desiccation, -18oC exposure, and gibberellic acid treatments. Additional seed storage experiments will determine how long Annonaceae seeds can be successfully stored within genebanks.
The Effect of Seed Vigor on the Uniformity of Soybean Seedling Emergence D.B. Egli and M. Rucker Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40546-0312
Abstract By definition, high vigor seed is expected to exhibit “… rapid, uniform emergence… in a wide range of field conditions”. The practical benefits of high-vigor seed in stress environments are well documented and they include higher levels of emergence that are reached sooner in comparison to low-vigor seed. Less is known about the effects of seed vigor on the uniformity of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seedling emergence; consequently, our objective was to evaluate the effect of seed vigor on the timing of seedling emergence. Soybean seeds from seed lots with high standard germination (86 to 99%) and a range in accelerated-aging germination (42 to 94%) were planted 3.8 cm (1.5 inches) deep in soil-filled cups (3 seeds per cup and 100 seeds in each of two replications) in a greenhouse. Emergence (cotyledons above the soil surface) counts were taken at 6-hour intervals until emergence ceased. A four-term Gompertz model was used to describe emergence with time and to calculate a Uniformity Index (UI) - the hours from 10 to 90% of final emergence. Lowering soil temperature from about 22° to 18°C increased the average time to 50% emergence from 106 to 174 hours. The UI averaged 66.3 hours at the lower temperatures and it decreased (seedling emergence was more uniform) to 38.0 hours at the high temperature. Seed vigor had very little effect on UI when the seedlings emerged rapidly, but emergence of seedlings from high seed was more uniform (UI was smaller) than for low-vigor seed when emergence was delayed by low temperatures. Our results are consistent with the definition of seed vigor; high-vigor seed exhibited more uniform emergence than low-vigor seed, but only under stress conditions. Seed vigor had almost no effect on uniformity under ideal conditions.
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 19 May, 2009
Identification of Foxtail (Setaria) Impurities: Examination and Comparison of Four Species Jennifer Neudorf and Ruojing Wang National Seed Herbarium, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Seed Science and Technology Section, 301- 421 Downey Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 4L8, Canada, Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Abstract Green foxtail (Setaria italica subsp. viridis) and Yellow foxtail (Setaria pumila subsp. pumila) are common impurities in a number of crops throughout Canada. Giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) is an Asian weed that currently grows in South-central Canada. It is currently on the Weed Seed Order (2005) as a Class 1: Prohibited Noxious Species. Knotroot Bristle grass (Setaria parviflora) is a weed found normally in the South-eastern United States (plus California) and may be found in import samples from the southern States and south into South America.
These four species have some similar characters and may be difficult to distinguish. The staff at the National Seed Herbarium have examined these four species and found characters that may aid in distinguishing commonly encountered Setaria species. These characters are typically located on the fertile lemma, the fertile palea and the 2nd, or upper glume. The general shape and size are also important to the correct identification of foxtails.
Table 1. Comparison of Four Foxtail Species Knotroot Bristle Species Yellow Foxtail Green Foxtail Giant Foxtail Grass 2nd - ½ length of the - covers the - ½ - ¾ the - ½ - ¾ the length (Upper) lemma lemma length of the of the lemma Glume lemma - transverse - thin ridges - transverse - transverse ridges remain form a grid ridges diminish ridges remain Lemma thick at tip. pattern at the tip. thick at tip. - three-pronged awn.
- glossy edges - glossy edges - glossy edges - glossy edges Palea covered. exposed. exposed. covered.
- wide elliptical - narrow - wide ovate - narrow ovate shape. elliptical shape. (egg) shape, (egg) shape. strong dip at the - tip of lemma may Notes - 3.0 X 2.0mm - 1.75 X 1.0 mm palea tip. be darkened. - S-shaped side - 2.0 X 1.0 mm view. - 2.5 X 1.5 mm
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 20 May, 2009
National Seed Herbarium of Canada Ruojing Wang, Jennifer Neudorf Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Seed Science and Technology Section, Saskatoon Laboratory, 301- 421 Downey Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 4L8, Canada Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Abstract The National Seed Herbarium (NSH) of Canada contains approximately 20,000 specimens of 14,000 unique species, representing 239 families and 3,279 genera. These seed specimens were collected from international herbaria, government seed laboratories, and botanical gardens. The earliest seed specimen, a sample of Larkspur seed (Delphinium bicolor), dates back to 1869.
Mission • Support a fair and effective regulatory regime in consumer protection in compliance with the Seed Act, Weed Seed Order, Plant Protection Act, and Canada Agricultural Products Act. • Protect the plant resource base by the detection and identification of agricultural weedy species, quarantine pest plant seeds, and invasive alien plant species associated with the Invasive Alien Species Strategy for Canada.
Goals and Objectives • Serve as the national reference and resource centre for seed identification in seed trade certification domestically, regionally and internationally by managing seed specimens, concentrating on economically and environmentally important species. • Identify and verify plant species for seed testing, seed trade certification, agricultural product importation, quarantine, and the detection of invasive alien plant species; • Develop material references, resources and diagnostic methods for seed identification of weedy species and invasive alien plant species using novel information technologies.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry as a Tool for Nondestructive Measurements of Seed Deterioration in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa, CV “Black Seeded Simpson”) Jennifer Crane and Christina Walters USDA-ARS, National Center for Genetics Resource Preservation, Fort Collins, CO 80521
Abstract This study was undertaken to determine if changes in lipid phase behavior could be used to detect lost viability in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds. We used seeds from the cultivar ‘Black Seeded Simpson’ that were purchased every 2-3 years since 1989 and stored in resealable plastic bags at constant 5˚C and relative humidity ranging from 30
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to 60%. Viability of seeds from each harvest year was recently tested by germination assays carried out on two replicates of 50 seeds each, and seed lots were scored for % and rate of germination, physiological necrosis and abnormal development. Seed lipids were extracted from an aliquot of seed from each harvest year and total lipid content and fatty acid composition were measured. The temperature and energy associated with lipid melting were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on whole seed and extracted lipid samples from each harvest year. Reduction of normal germination was evident in seeds after 4 years of storage and % germination was less than 20% after 9 years. However, 100% of seeds germinated (radicle emergence) until 13 years of storage and then it dropped precipitously to 0% by year 18. Amount of extractable lipid appeared to decline in seeds with increasing time in storage. In addition, a significant decline in linoleic acid was noticed after 9 years of storage. The energy of the lipid melting transition of intact seed also declined with time in storage and is significantly correlated with reductions in normal germination. The DSC measurements required no special handling protocols and did not affect seed viability or vigor. Hence, it may be a useful, nondestructive tool for determining the progress of seed aging and help schedule actual germination assays for monitor testing.
Cryogenic Storage of Cereal Grains: Results from a 20 Year Experiment Christina Walters, Lana Wheeler, Phil Stanwood USDA-ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 South Mason Street, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Abstract This paper compares the viability of small grains stored under conventional (-18oC) or cryogenic conditions (vapor above liquid nitrogen(LN)) for 22 to 25 years at the National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation. Several accessions of different small grains crops were split in 1984-1987, stored at the two temperatures, and assessed for viability in 2003-2008 using standard testing protocols. While some grasses known to have poor shelf life (i.e., Bromus inermis and Lolium multiflorum) showed slightly higher germination percentages after storage in LN compared to -18oC, there were no significant differences between percent germination of most grain species stored under the two conditions. However, grains of Hordeum vulgare, Sorghum bicolor, Triticum aestivum and Zea mays showed lower germination following liquid nitrogen storage compared to -18oC. A more detailed study of T. aestivum grains to determine the basis for this surprising result revealed differences in initial moisture treatments, with -18oC being stored at about 11% water while LN-stored seeds were dried to 7.5% water. This level of drying did not appear to reduce initial germination or cause imbibitional damage, but may have predisposed grains to damage by rapid cooling to LN or overdry storage. Older grains sealed in tubes and placed in vapor above LN (~40oC/min cooling) showed reduced germination compared to the same accessions cooled to vapor phase LN in an insulated container (~1oC/min). Fresh grains showed no sensitivity to cooling rate. We conclude that several variables need consideration when placing cereal grains in LN storage and that overdrying and rapid cooling should be avoided.
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 22 May, 2009
Seed Storage Containers: Implications of water permeability properties on moisture management Christina Walters and Lisa Hill USDA-ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 South Mason Street, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Abstract Seed moisture must be controlled to maintain high seed quality. Moisture control is accomplished by adjusting or conditioning relative humidity and temperature surrounding the seed. Seeds are packaged in moisture-proof containers to maintain the desired moisture content. The effectiveness of containers as moisture barriers varies with the materials used, and water vapor permeation rates for most materials are known. Specifications when purchasing seed containers should be based on these known water vapor permeation rates as well as the outside environmental conditions and the time that the seed is expected to remain as inventory. While no package is completely moisture-proof, packaging that is highly impermeable to water will help to maintain a near constant seed water content. However, another problem may arise with moisture-proof containers if temperature is not also controlled. Using data loggers, we can demonstrate that relative humidity increases during warming of seed-filled containers and decreases during cooling. Thus, temperature fluctuations can cause fluctuations of relative humidity (RH) within moisture proof packaging. These fluctuations are predicted by water sorption isotherms, which describe temperature-RH- water content interactions within seeds. Elevated RH from warming seeds in sealed bags can cause them to deteriorate faster than expected and reduce the benefit gained from an expensive moisture barrier.
Identification and Characteristics of Solanum, Physalis, Datura, and Quincula species Pattsy Jackson, USDA-AMS-LS-SRTB, 801 Summit Crossing Place, Suite C, Gastonia, NC 28054. (704) 810-8871. [email protected].
Abstract The Solanaceae family consists of about 90 genera and 3000 to 4000 species, and is among the most economically important genera worldwide. This family consists of both crops and weeds, and various species produce edible and poisonous fruits. Due to the global reliance on this family as a food source, it is important to understand seed identification characteristics. This poster will review common seed characteristics of various Solanaceae species and provide readers with proper tools for Solanaceae identification. Many morphological seed characteristics within the Solanaceae family are similar, but hilum, size, shape and seed coat texture can be used to determine differences between species. The seed shape may be oval, circular, C to D shaped and the diameter ranges from 1.5 to 2mm. Seed color is usually uniform, but length of time in a mature fruit and aging can influenced seed color. Although, hilum, shape, texture,
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size and color are the most obvious indicators, analysts should also explore other options, such as knowledge of where the seed was found. This can often significantly narrow the list of species identification. Overall, Solanaceae seeds can be difficult to distinguish, but analysts can examine several seed characteristics for proper identification.
Bonafide BDI® – Rye grass, A Novel, DNA based Diagnostic tool for Adventitious Presence test in Perennial Ryegrass A.C. Chandra-Shekara, Michael Thompson & Pegadaraju Venkatramana* BioDiagnostics Inc, 507 Highland Drive, River Falls, WI-54022 * Presenter: Email:[email protected]
Adventitious presence (unintended presence) of annual ryegrass in perennial ryegrass seed lots causes significant economic losses to the grass seed industry. The International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) recommends the usage of SRF (Seedling Root Fluorescence) and/or grow –out test procedures to estimate the levels of annual rye presence in perennial seed lots. However, both SRF and grow-out tests are labor intensive and time consuming. Furthermore, the SRF test produces inaccurate results and is environmentally influenced. Increasing numbers of perennial seed lots are rejected each year due to the inaccuracy of the SRF test. Thus, there is a clear need for a better testing procedure that could meet the diagnostic needs for ryegrass in an efficacious, rapid and cost effective manner. We have developed a high throughput quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) based diagnostic tool that effectively detects the presence of annual rye grass seed contamination in perennial rye grass lots. The DNA test is designed using an insertion/deletion (In-Del) site in a ryegrass gene involved in regulating the vernalization response of ryegrass. This new DNA test is more sensitive, accurate and cost effective in detecting annual and intermediate type contamination in perennial ryegrass with a high sensitivity of 0.04% in a sample size of 2500 seeds. We have currently validated this method on 68 perennial, 26 annual and 14 intermediate ryegrass varieties with consistent results.
Seed Issues Forum
This dynamic session has become a favorite event at the annual meeting, this year we have a plethora of interesting topics and presentations. These tabletop displays along with the poster presentations represent the cutting edge of seed technology innovation.
• TZ Handbook Revisions, Annette Miller, USDA-ARS-NCGRP • STEP and Seed Images- & Ethan, Waltermire Colorado Seed Lab, Loren Wiesner , USDA-ARS-NCGRP (retired) • Small Seed Legume ID- Brenda Watts, Dairyland Seed Co. • Requirements to Take AOSA Seed Analysts Certification Exam- Mike Gill. New Mexico State Seed Lab
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• Seed Technology Publications Table- Anita Hall, AOSA/SCST • New Vigor Handbook- Dr. Riad Baalbaki, CDFA/PPDC • Seed Technology Journal- Victor Vankus, Chair of Journal Committee, & Dr. Dennis TeKrony, Journal Editor • Introduction to the International Committee- Pat Brownfield, BioDiagnostics West, LLC. • Camelina Germination- Harold Armstrong, Monsanto • PSU of Natives Not In The Rules- Michael Aberle , Ransom Seed Lab • Encrusted Grass Seed Referee- Sharon Davidson, Agri Seed Testing • Table Top Dividing - R. Denny Hall, Wyoming Seed Analysis Lab • Blue Grama Blowing Point Issues - Gil Waibel, Wyoming Seed Analysis Lab • Tall Fescue Blowing Point- Dr. Sabry Elias, PhD, Oregon State University Seed Lab • How Do You Conduct and Report Sand Tests: A Survey- DaNell Jamieson, BioDiagnostics, Inc. • Impact of Maternal Effects on Trait Testing,- Dr. Denise Thiede, BioDiagnostics, Inc. • Seed Vigor Imaging System: A 2 Day Corn Vigor Test - Heidi Larson, Wisconsin Crop Improvement Assoc. • Soybean Virtual Referee- Mike Stahr, Iowa State University Seed Lab • Purity Testing Handbook (draft in progress)- Deborah Meyer, CDFA/PPDC • Characteristics in Identification of Solanum Species- Pattsy Jackson, USDA AMS LS Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch
Workshops at the Annual Meeting
Agenda for the Endophyte Testing Workshop May 31, 2009 Colorado State University
The endophyte work session will be conducted in two parts – one in the morning and one in the afternoon. The morning session will instruct participants how to detect endophyte in seed and stem tissue. Class participants will break out into pairs and work together as a team. Each team will receive two test kits – one for seed analysis and one for grass tiller analysis. The class will go through the process step-by-step so all participants can get practical hands-on experience with endophyte detection. The session will be accompanied by a PowerPoint presentation to explain the significance of endophyte presence in grazing livestock, the conundrum of using endophyte-free seed in pastures, followed by a detailed description on how the immunochemical analysis works. The workshop will provide confidence to participants so they may run the analysis and provide insight towards interpretation of your results. Participants will have a chance to evaluate a new test protocol developed by Agrinostics Ltd. Co. and provide feedback as to which is a superior analysis.
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The afternoon session will focus on alkaloid analysis in seeds and stem tissues for QA/QC of novel (non-toxic) endophyte detection.
Fee: $125 (includes lunch and breaks)
Morning Session:
Welcome, distribution of working materials for endophyte detection 7:45 am teams Getting started – Preparing and placing seed/plant tissues on the test 8:00 am kit format for endophyte extractions and analysis. Beginning the endophyte reaction sequence – how to prepare the extracted samples for analysis. (Blocking and adding mouse 8:45 am antibodies). (Brief PowerPoint presentation to describe what is happening during the first two steps) Continuing with analysis – Washing and adding anti-mouse 9:45 am antibodies. (Continue with PowerPoint presentation) 10:30 am Break (refreshments included) Continuing with analysis – Washing and “Stacking” the antibodies with 11:00 am chromophores (Continue with PowerPoint) 11:45 am The final step – Washing and adding chromogen (color reagent) 12:15 pm Lunch Break Divide into teams of four. Set up extraction of ergot alkaloids from 1:15 pm seed tissues. (PowerPoint explanation on how to set up stem tissue for analysis) Dispensing reagent extracted sample and antibody reagents for 2:00 pm alkaloid analysis in seed (PowerPoint presentation continued) 3:00 pm Break Washing and adding antimouse antibodies with chromophore 4:00 pm (Continued PowerPoint presentation) 5:00 pm Washing and adding color reagent 5:30 pm Interpretation of results. Question/Answers 6:00 pm Soft Drinks, Wine and Cheese – Compliments of Agrinostics Ltd.
Statistics Workshop June 1, 2009 Colorado State University
Experimental Design, Data Analysis, and Tolerances in Seed Testing Fee: $125 (includes lunch and breaks)
The workshop will cover the following topics
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• Quick overview of the principles of experimental design with practical examples • Data Analysis: Analysis of variance (ANOVA); and mean separation • Examples of using statistical packages in analyzing data • Tolerances: What is tolerance? When to use it? How to use tolerances for purity tests, noxious weed seeds, germination, TZ, and moisture?
Instructors Dr. Sabry Elias, AOSA Statistics Subcommittee Chair Dr. Riad Baalbaki, AOSA Germination and Dormancy Subcommittee Chair
Pathology/Genetic Technology Workshop June 1, 2009 Eurofins STA
7:30am Meet in front of Fort Collins Hilton for transportation to Longmont 8:30am Welcome and Introductions – John Mizicko & Darrell Maddox, National Seed Health System & Accredited - 8:45am Lisa Shephard, Iowa State University Seed Science Center 9:15am Set up group rotations 9:30am A-virus, B-mycology, C-bacteria, D-BFB 10:45am A-mycology, B-bacteria, C-BFB, D-virus 12:00pm Lunch 1:00pm A-bacteria, B-BFB, C-Virus, D-mycology 2:15pm A-BFB, B-virus, C-mycology, D-bacteria 3:30pm What is new in seed health testing - Karen McGuire, Envirologix 4:00pm The Accredited Seed Lab program 4:30pm Transportation from Eurofins STA back to Fort Collins Hilton 5:30pm Arrive back at Fort Collins Hilton
Seed Technology Workshop “Publishing Your Seed Research Results in Seed Technology “ Wednesday, June 3 4:00 pm
4:00 p.m. Introductory Remarks, Moderator – Victor Vankus 4:05 p.m. The Nuts and Bolts of Publishing in Seed Technology - Cindy Finneseth 4:30 p.m. Elements of a Scientific Paper (The Abridged Version!) – Riad Baalbaki 5:00 p.m. Panel Discussion – Discussion Leader: Jack Peters Panel: Sue Alvarez, Ken Greger, Jean Tolliver, Loren Weisner
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Topics: Member interest in conducting research and publishing. Barriers to conducting research at the lab. How can associations help? Referee work, rules proposals, and publishing in ST. List of ideas and actions for the future.
5:25 p.m. Closing Comments – Dr. Dennis Tekrony 5:30 p.m. Adjourn
Rocky Mountain National Park Bus Tour all day June 6
Post Convention Tour $80:
Saturday, June 6.
Departs from and returns to Fort Collins Hilton.
Enjoy a scenic tour of Rocky Mountain National Park, and a leisurely visit to the mountain town of Estes Park. Tour includes a picnic lunch and dinner in Estes Park.
COMMITTEE REPORTS
Consolidation Task Force Report
The Consolidation Task Force has prepared a significantly revised Constitution & Bylaws for AOSA and SCST members to review. The AOSA and SCST Executive Boards have reviewed this draft and support its distribution for consideration by the members of AOSA and SCST. The draft Constitution & Bylaws is posted on both the AOSA and SCST websites and has been emailed to all AOSA and SCST members.
You will notice a major difference between this version of the Constitution & Bylaws and past versions. After extensive discussion the AOSA and SCST Executive Boards have decided that the name of the new organization should be Association of Official Seed Analysts/Society of Commercial Seed Technologists (AOSA/SCST). While this name is somewhat lengthy, it is a sensible intermediate step that will allow the organizations to merge without requiring extensive changes to the assorted laws and documents that
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cite AOSA and SCST (for example: state and international seed laws, OECD standards, AOSCA standards, ISF arbitration rules, etc. ). This name preserves the recognition that both organizations enjoy and will help smooth the transition to a merged organization, should AOSA and SCST members choose to consolidate. In the future the name can be changed. Please send your comments about this important issue to Loren Wiesner or Anita Hall.
In addition to the proposed draft C&B the Task Force has developed a recommended plan for consolidating the organizations. The plan is published in this newsletter. Please carefully review both the C&B and the plan and come prepared to discuss these documents at the annual meeting in Fort Collins. We will have several opportunities to discuss the C&B and plan during the meeting. You participation is vital to this process!!
Please note: The Consolidation Task Force has set up a website that is the central hub for all current and historical information related to the Consolidation effort. You can download all documents and presentations related to this effort. Please visit: http://www.seedtechnology.net/Consolidation.htm or www.aosaseed.com/Consolidation.htm
If you have any questions or comments about this process please feel free to contact Loren Wiesner or Anita Hall. This process will only be a success with your involvement.
Thank you, Loren Wiesner, Consolidation Task Force Chair [email protected] 970-587-8776
Recommended Consolidation Plan
This document is a recommended consolidation plan developed by the Consolidation Task Force and supported by the Executive Boards of the Association of Official Seed Analysts and the Society of Commercial Seed Technologist. Please remember that this is a draft plan and will evolve with member input.
The consolidation effort has been under way for three years. Members of AOSA and SCST have been given many opportunities to participate in the development of the new organization. A history of the consolidation process is included at the end of this document (Appendix A).
At the annual meeting in Fort Collins the members of AOSA and SCST will be asked to consider a motion that will send every voting member of AOSA and SCST a ballot to approve or disapprove the transfer of membership, funds and assets to the new organization (i.e., dissolving the two existing organization and forming one organization). The motion will not merge the organizations but will give permission to send a ballot to all voting members of AOSA and SCST seeking approval for the
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merger. The motion to send the ballot must be approved by a simple majority of the voting members of both organizations present and voting at the annual meeting.
The balloting method, as described in the motion (if approved) will provide every voting member the opportunity to vote on this important issue, regardless of ability to attend the annual meeting. The ballot will also state that in the event that one organization does not approve this ballot measure then the vote is null and void and AOSA and SCST will continue to exist as independent organizations. The ballot measure must pass both organizations by a 2/3 majority of returned ballots.
The Task Force feels that this is the appropriate way to handle the vote for consolidation and does not conflict with either organization’s current Constitution & Bylaws. The SCST C&B does not have any provisions for dissolution. The AOSA C&B includes the following information regarding dissolution:
ARTICLE IX - DISTRIBUTION ON DISSOLUTION Upon dissolution of the Association, the Executive Board shall distribute the assets and accrued income to one or more organizations as determined by the Executive Board, but which organization shall meet the limitation prescribed in subsections (a), (b), and (c) inclusive of Article VIII.
The Task Force recommends that a sample ballot be provided to AOSA and SCST members at the joint Long Range Planning meeting in Fort Collins.
Recommended Consolidation Plan for Elected Officers
The Consolidation Task Force believes that the present leadership of the Society of Commercial Seed Technologists and the Association of Official Seed Analysts should transition into leadership of the consolidated Association. Officers that have been elected to positions in the two associations should continue in those positions until their terms of office have been completed.
Presidents and Vice Presidents Progression The Consolidated Association will have co-presidents for the next four years (2009- 2010, 2010-2011, 2011-2012, and 2012-2013 years). The terms of the presidents that will be taking over in 2009 (Mike Stahr, Doug Miller) and vice presidents elected in 2009 (elections underway) would be completed by 2013. The Vice President elected in 2011 would become president in 2013-2014 and complete his/her term in 2014-2015. From then on a vice president would be elected in odd numbered years.
Directors Progression The Consolidated Association will have seven (7) Directors. The first year (2009-2010) of the new association there will be ten Directors as one of the Directors will become president. In 2010 we will need to elect one Director and with the expiration of four Director’s terms, there will be seven Directors in 2010-2011. During the election in 2011
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we will need to elect one Director for a two year term and two Directors for three year term. By doing this it will allow an election progression of electing three Directors the next year, then two Directors for the next two years and then back to electing three Directors. In other words we will have a progression of electing three Directors, two Directors, two Directors and then the progression will start over. By 2013 all of the Directors elected by the two original associations will have served their terms.
Summary of Plan This plan will allow for a smooth transition for the elected officers of the two associations to transition into the consolidated Association. Having co-presidents will allow these two individuals to work together and be sure that the desires and needs of both associations are being considered during the early years of the consolidated Association. Based on this plan we will have co-presidents until our annual meeting in 2013.
The joint Executive Board will also be able to discuss the concerns of both associations and develop procedures for operations of the consolidated Association that best represents both associations
The elected officers of the two associations have been elected to serve their associations and should be the best individuals to oversee the transition to a consolidated Association and will best represent all members. This procedure will also help to alleviate the fears that members of one or the other association could dominate the leadership of the Consolidated Association during the transition years.
Appendix A. Consolidation Time Line
The Task Force recommends the following timeline for continuing the consolidation effort.
May 2009- Consolidation Task Force will distribute the revised draft C&B to all AOSA and SCST members, as well as industry stakeholders: ASTA, AOSCA, AASCO, etc.
June 2009- AOSA and SCST members will have the opportunity to discuss the draft C&B, consolidation plan and budget during two sessions: the open Consolidation Draft Constitution & Bylaws Discussion (Tuesday June 2, 12:30-1:30pm) and the Long Range Planning Session (Thursday June 4, 9:00am-12:00pm). During the AOSA and SCST business meetings, members will be asked to vote on whether or not to send all AOSA and SCST members a consolidation ballot. It is important for every AOSA and SCST member to have the opportunity to vote on whether or not to join the new organization regardless of whether they plan to attend the annual meeting. The purpose of the vote at the annual meeting is not a vote for consolidation but instead a vote to create and distribute a ballot for consolidation. All members will have the opportunity to participate in this process.
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If the ballot motion does not pass, the AOSA and SCST Executive Board’s will re- evaluate the consolidation effort.
If the ballot motion passes, the following steps will be taken:
July 2009- A revised draft copy of the C&B will be distributed to all AOSA and SCST members to review.
August 2009- A ballot and printed copy of the C&B will be sent to all AOSA and SCST voting members. Ballots must be returned within 60 days. Email notices will be sent to remind members to return the ballot.
If the ballot measure does not pass, the AOSA and SCST Executive Board’s will re- evaluate the consolidation effort.
If the ballot measure passes the following steps will be taken:
October 2009- A logo design competition for the new organization will be announced, guidelines for key logo components will be provided.
October/November/December 2009- The board will work with the accountant and lawyer to make the transition to a merged organization.
January 1, 2010- Merger finalized.
History of Consolidation Effort 1995 • Collaboration Committee is established to study areas in which the two associations could establish stronger bonds and share resources.
1996 • Collaboration committee recommends that their report is a starting point for discussions between AOSA and SCST to determine the most relevant, efficient and useful ways to respond together to changes in the market place. (view report on-line at http://www.seedtechnology.net/Consolidation.htm or www.aosaseed.com/Consolidation.htm)
1997-2002 • Collaboration committee recommends that the following publications and committees be combined: Journal, Newsletter, Handbook, Legislative, Research, Referee, and Meeting Place. • Since this initial effort most AOSA ad SCST technical committees have been combined or include multiple members of both organizations. • The AOSA and SCST Executive Boards meet annually to discuss common interests.
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2003-2005 • An ad-hoc AOSA-SCST Rules Voting Committee is established to develop a procedure for both associations to vote to adopt Rules. • The procedure proposed by the Rules Voting committee was adopted in 2005. (view report on-line at http://www.seedtechnology.net/Consolidation.htm or www.aosaseed.com/Consolidation.htm)
2006 • A joint AOSA-SCST Consolidation Task Force is established to explore the pros and cons of consolidation and to propose a consolidated organization structure for consideration and discussion by the joint membership. • Task Force members: Dr. Wayne Guerke, Chairman, Georgia State Seed Lab (retired), Janine Maruschak, CFIA Saskatoon Seed Laboratory, Deborah Meyer, California State Seed Laboratory, Doug Miller, Illinois Crop Improvement Association, Larry Nees, Indiana State Seed Laboratory, Michael O’Neil, Pioneer Hi-Bred Int’l., Inc. • Formation of the Consolidation Task Force is announced at the ASTA, AOSCA, AASCO, CSAAC meetings.
2007 • The Task Force presented a summary of the history of collaboration between AOSA and SCST, a detailed review of the organization’s mission, purpose, and strategic goals. The result of this review was a recommendation to consolidate. • A draft C&B outline is presented during the joint Long Range Planning session. During the AOSA and SCST Business Meetings, both organizations passed motions supporting the continued exploration of consolidation by the taskforce. (view report on-line at http://www.seedtechnology.net/Consolidation.htm or www.aosaseed.com/Consolidation.htm) • An update on the consolidation effort is given at the ASTA, AOSCA, AASCO, CSAAC and ISTA meetings. • Dr. Wayne Guerke provides a detailed presentation on the consolidation effort at the AASCO annual meeting.
2008 • Dr. Loren Wiesner was asked to chair the task force following Dr. Guerke’s retirement. • Draft C&B published in the February Newsletter. • A survey including three name options for the consolidated organization sent to all AOSA and SCST members in April. • Straw poll sent to all SCST and AOSA members. Results: 82% of SCST members and 73% of AOSA support the continuing development of a model for a consolidated organization. • Consolidation is discussed during the joint Long Range Planning meeting. (view report on-line at http://www.seedtechnology.net/Consolidation.htm or www.aosaseed.com/Consolidation.htm)
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• AOSA and SCST unanimously pass motions supporting the continuation of the consolidation task force effort. • An update on the consolidation effort is given at the ASTA, AOSCA, OECD, CSAAC and ISTA meetings. • Anita Hall provides a presentation on the consolidation effort at the AASCO annual meeting. A resolution in support of the consolidation effort was passed at the Southern Seed Control Officials regional meeting. • Task Force develops webpage of mission and vision of consolidated organization and benefits of the organization to the industry and to the members. http://www.seedtechnology.net/Consolidation.htm or www.aosaseed.com/Consolidation.htm)
2009 • The Task Force revises the draft C&B section by section, the draft will be circulated to the AOSA and SCST Executive Boards and AOSA and SCST Members prior to the annual meeting. • The Task Force develops a detailed Consolidation Plan & Timeline for the AOSA and SCST Executive Boards and AOSA and SCST members to review prior to the annual meeting. • The Task Force develops a draft consolidated budget for the AOSA and SCST Executive Boards and AOSA and SCST members to review prior to the annual meeting. • The Task Force develops a draft consolidation ballot for review at the annual • A presentation is prepared for the Long Range Planning meeting at annual meeting.
Research is the Way to Innovate and Improve Seed Testing Sabry G. Elias Research Committee Chair
The objectives of research in seed testing are to overcome seed testing constraints, develop and/or improve seed testing methods, and adapt new technologies to meet existing or new needs of the seed industry, e.g., tests for new genetic traits. The expected results of research in seed testing are to improve performance, ergonomics, efficiency, and find solutions to problems that many face in seed testing.
The innovation through research and development coupled with continuous training and education of seed analysts is the way to improve seed testing services and respond to the needs of today’s dynamic seed industry. The AOSA Research committee consists of 12 subcommittees to serve the AOSA/SCST members in various research activities. They are purity, germination and dormancy, seed vigor, tree and shrub, flower, range grass analysis, Tetrazolium, Seed Pathology, Cultivar Purity, Statistics and Research Funding. The main goals of subcommittees is to improve and/or develop uniform seed
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testing methods based on sound research findings, to validate existing methods, and to introduce new tests as needed.
Through a good communication between the Associations’ members and the subcommittees’ chairpersons we can research, improve and make progress in the various areas of research covered by the subcommittees. Our capable subcommittee chairs are willing to work with any analyst who has concern or interest in any subject or research project and provide the help they may need.
The research committee encourages the members of the associations who conduct referee studies to share their findings with other members through publishing their results in the AOSA/SCST Newsletter, Seed Technology Journal, and/or presenting them as research papers during the annual meeting of the associations. We also invite members to submit research proposals to the “Research Funding” subcommittee, which provides financial support to conduct research to innovate and incorporate new technologies to improve seed testing methods, develop new tests, or increase efficiency and effectiveness of current testing methods.
The Research committee will start sending surveys by e-mail to the members of the associations to explore the areas of research that may be needed and prepare a list and find a mechanism to encourage conducting that research. We also encourage our members to contact the subcommittee chairs for any help they may need in conducting their research, designing experiments, analyzing data, and/or presenting the findings.
Below are the contacts of the Research Subcommittee Chairs:
Subcommittee Chairperson
Cultivar Purity Dr. Michael Lovelace Email: [email protected]
Flower Seeds Jolan Mari [email protected]
Germination and Dormancy Dr. Riad Baalbaki email [email protected]
Purity Analysis Deborah Meyer [email protected]
Range Grass Analysis Denny Hall Email: [email protected]
Research Funding Dr. Brent Turnipseed [email protected]
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Seed Pathology Sandra Walker Email: [email protected]
Statistics Committee Dr. Sabry G. Elias Email: [email protected]
Tree and Shrub Seed Victor Vankus [email protected]
Tetrazolium Testing Annette Miller Email: [email protected]
Seed Vigor Dr. Riad Baalbaki email [email protected]
Seed Moisture Determination Dr. Sabry Elias Email: [email protected]
GENERAL AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Master Calibration Usage Data By Anita Hall
In 2006, AOSA and SCST voted to adopted a rules proposal changing the method to calibrate the general blower in The Uniform Blowing Procedure: Handbook 24. The new method uses Master Calibration Samples (MCS) and an equivalent air velocity value determined by an anemometer for monitoring. The Master Calibration Samples have been available from the USDA Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch since 2007. The data in this report is intended to show the number of laboratories testing species which require use of the uniform blowing procedure and to compare this to the list of labs that have borrowed the master calibration samples from the USDA. The ultimate goal is to educate AOSA and SCST members on the need to use the master calibration samples in order to increase uniformity in testing.
For the purposes of this report, laboratories with both SCST and AOSA members have been counted under the AOSA laboratory statistics.
SCST Master Calibration Usage data There are a total of 90 laboratories that employ at least one Registered Seed Technologist. As of February 1st, 2009, 20 laboratories have borrowed the MCS. This means that 44%, or less than half, of the SCST laboratories that test species requiring the uniform blowing procedure are using the master calibration samples.
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Table 1. SCST Laboratory Statistics Total # of SCST Labs 90 Species requiring uniform blowing Number of labs testing these procedure species None 44 Bluegrass 45 Orchardgrass 45 ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass 8 Blue grama 13 Side-oats grama 13 Weeping alkaligrass 11 Number of SCST labs that have requested MCS 20
Table 1.This table represents the number of SCST laboratories that test each species requiring the uniform blowing procedure, as well as the total number of laboratories and the number of laboratories that have requested the MCS.
Chart 1. This chart illustrates the information in Table 1.
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AOSA Master Calibration Usage data There are a total of 49 AOSA member laboratories. As of February 1st, 2009, 18 laboratories have borrowed the MCS. A total of 49% of the AOSA laboratories that test species requiring the uniform blowing procedure are using the master calibration samples.
Table 2. AOSA Laboratory Statistics Total # of AOSA Labs 49 Species requiring uniform blowing Number of labs testing these procedure species None 12 Bluegrass 37 Orchardgrass 37 ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass 10 Blue grama 10 Side-oats grama 10 Weeping alkaligrass 5 Number of labs that have requested MCS 18
Table 2. This table represents the number of AOSA laboratories that test the species that require blowing, as well as the total number of laboratories and the number of laboratories that have requested the MCS.
Chart 2. This chart illustrates the information in Table 2.
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Questions:
1. Why are so few labs using the MCS? 2. How are these laboratories calibrating their blowers? 3. Is additional education needed to increase use of the calibration procedures? 4. How do we reach all members with this information?
Master Calibration Sample Resource Information Visit the AOSA website, http://www.aosaseed.com/MCS.htm, to download the User Guide for Master Calibration Samples, the Loan Agreement Form and the MCS Borrower Responsibility Guidelines.
Encrusted Cool Season Grass Referee
Background The number one complaint received from homeowners about grass seed products is that it didn’t come up. The assumption is that the seed was dead but the more frequent reality is that the homeowner did not provide enough water over a long enough period for the seed to germinate and establish. Coated seed can help to address this problem and improve the odds for a thick, green lawn. Scotts is using Zeba, a super absorbent corn starch derived product, and limestone to coat seed used in the retail turfgrass market. Zeba absorbs over 400 times its weight in water and its absorption and release characteristics make that water available to support seed germination. Moisture imbibition is the first step in seed germination. Coating seed helps hold a small reservoir of water available to the seed. Consequently, if the homeowner skips a day of watering now and then, or if the ground dries out between waterings, the seed germination process can continue. In controlled environment studies, fine fescue, tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass and bermudagrass all germinated more quickly in sub-optimal moisture conditions when coated with Zeba.
Referee Because this new product has some challenging characteristics for seed analysts, a referee was sent out to 40 willing participants to help identify the areas of the AOSA Rules that may need clarification or revision.
Participants were asked to conduct purities on a one component sample of seed and a three component mix. Respondents felt that overall the single component sample was easily handled within the current AOSA Rules, but that the three way mix was confusing and needed clarification in the rules.
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At least two respondents cited old rules instead of current AOSA Rules in their answers. Several responses suggested putting the coated seed rules into one section again. Most thought it took too long to do the purity part of the referee.
The species that require calibrated blowing points and MSU calculations are discriminated against if they are a single kind and not decoated for germination, planting a unit instead of a pure seed. When these same kinds are put into a mix they are decoated and only pure seed is planted. (the process of coating knocks off the attached floret and it can become a coated unit) The species with calibrated blowing points do not have a PSD for uncoated units that are not blown.
There was confusion over the definition of other crop, is it only other species than the kind under consideration that would be classified as other crop according to Handbook 25 or can it be uncoated species of the coated kind under consideration.
These issues and several others will be discussed at the Rules Issues and Review Committee meeting on Wednesday June 3 at 1:00 pm. I hope everyone will join to help address these concerns for the AOSA rules.
Ryegrass Referee Results
Basic results from the referee are provided to show the wide range in results received and to highlight the need to develop a clear protocol for analysis of coated samples. Additional information will be provided at the Rules Issues and Review Committee meeting.
From the purity results there appears to be two distinct methods: one of including coating material with inert and the other of considering the pure coated seeds as the purity percentage. Most of the labeling laws require a percent coating material on the label. The Federal Seed Act 201.51b, states that coating material is included with the other inert material percentage. AASCO recommends in RUSSL that percentage of pure seeds with coating material removed, percentage of coating material, and percentage of inert material exclusive of coating material all be stated on the label. Confusing to say the least!
The germination results seem to be consistent between laboratories.
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Three Way Mix Referee Results
Purity Mix Results Sample # Ryegrass R.Fescue K. Blue Pure Inert Weed Crop Coated Mat 1 21.96 21.76 8.18 n/r 47.81 0.05 0.24 46.9 2 21.35 21.52 9.60 n/r 2.55 0.01 0 44.97 10 20.96 21.33 9 n/r 48.7 0.01 0 48.7 12 21.73 21.18 9.00 n/r 47.79 0.02 0.28 n/r 13 21.14 21.06 9.58 n/r 48.21 0.01 0 47.35 18 44.00 35.08 19.21 98.29 1.18 0 0.53 n/r 19 n/r n/r n/r 55.58 44.42 0 0 n/r 21 22.97 21.94 6.83 n/r 0.93 0 0 47.33 22 20.64 20.68 8.31 n/r 0.94 0 0 49.43 23 23.15 20.95 5.93 50.03 49.97 0 0 0 25 28.19 28.19 10.80 n/r 32.86 0 0 n/r 30 20.15 22.08 9.41 n/r 0.61 0.01 0 47.74 31 29.76 13.08 9.42 52.26 47.74 0 0 n/r
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Germination Mix Results Sample # Ryegrass R. Fescue K. blue 1 91.25 93.5 81.5 2 93 88 78 10 92 94 80 12 91.5 93.5 85.25 13 92 90 88 18 95 91 86 19 93 95 82 21 92 90 73 22 92 91 67 23 92 93 87 25 86 89 83 30 91 92 85 31 96 93 92
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Encrusted Ryegrass Referee Survey Results Replies from 13 labs Please include details in your responses.
1. How many grams did you test and how did you arrive at this number? 10 labs counted out 100 seeds X 25 to get 7 to 8 grams to examine per section 2.3 (5) (a) in AOSA Rules
2 Labs counted out 100 seeds X 25 to get 7 to 8 grams to exam per section 2.13e (OLD RULES)
1 lab used table 2a, did not take into consideration the encrusted seed
2. Please explain the steps you to took to process the sample for the purity exam and cite the sections of the rules used in this process: 2 responses Hand halving to obtain the purity working samples Sec. 2.2b(2) 7 responses mixed down according to Sec 2.2 2 responses 100 seeds decoated to verify kind of seed 7 responses Washed and dried sample sec 3.8f (3) & (4) 6 responses Purity according to 3.8 e 2 responses Purity according to 2.13 e (OLD RULES) 2 responses Purity according to 3.1-3.5
3. Please explain how you prepared the sample for the germination exam and cite the sections of the rules used in this process: 10 responses pure coated units 6.8(l)(a) Only 4 stated using 400 seeds 1 response Pure seed according to 6.1a(1) (not the coated seed section) 1 response Followed 4.81(2)(a) (Old Rules) 5 responses P, 15-25C, light, 5/7 and 14 days
4. Do you think the AOSA rules clearly explain how to handle these coated samples for purity testing? Are there sections you think should be revised or clarified?
7 Yes 4 No 1 Yes and No *Does not address determining the weight of coating material for single kinds, does not address the decoating of a single kind once decoated. (??) *Some confusion about uncoated crop seed, clarify other crop or same as kind submitted. *what about blowing point for coated orchardgrass? Since some of the coating does not wash off how does this affect the blowing point? (must be old rules user)
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*Why is the coating material loose in a sample treated as inert and then the material on the seed is considered coating material? It should be treated the same with in all instances – coating material is coating material! *need to have better definition of entire coated unit. *3 responses –coated seed rules should all be in one section, too much back and forth between sections. *3.8h should be part of 3.8e. It is not necessary to verify Kind by decoating when you just decoated 2,500 units for purity following 3.8f.
5. Do you think the AOSA rules clearly explain how to handle these coated samples for germination testing? Are there sections you think should be revised or clarified?
7 Yes 4 No *Section 6.8 states germ coated seed in the condition that they are received. When they are decoated they should be planted the same. It may take over a day of drying to air dry the samples. Wet seeds are very difficult to plant. *confusing as there are multiple sections to refer to. *Issues which need to be addressed in this section are: kinds requiring the multiple unit procedure, kinds requiring the uniform blowing procedure, what to plant – pure coated units? Clumps of many seeds? Inert units? Another problem is the rules do not allow the use of pure seed from the purity exam to be used for germination when conducting a purity on decoated seed. The purity must be decoated and dried overnight before conducting the exam, 3.8.f(4). The germination must be conducted on seed which has been decoated and planted the same day, 6.8.l(1)(c). Is it really necessary to have the seed planted the same day it is decoated?
6. Other comments:
*We should not conduct purity analysis on coated seeds. *Put coated seed testing in one section, not in three sections. *Seems to be a conflict with the size of the submitted sample. Sec 1.4a(2) states that a submitted sample of 5 ounces (approx 150 g) for ryegrass is required; sec 3.8b(1) states a min of 7500 coated units. *I disagree somewhat with 3.8.f(2). I believe that all coating, even loose should be included in the coating category and not in the inert.
Encrusted Three Way Mix Referee Survey 13 labs responded
Please include details in your responses. 1. How many grams did you test and how did you arrive at this number? 2 response: 5.33, no label therefore counted out 100 completely coated units, weighed and calculated the weight of 2,500 coated units.
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1 response: 10.64, used 2.13c, counted out 100 units, recorded weight, washed and recorded weight. Calculated % of coating material as 47% then calculated the working weight. 1 response: 5.2125 grams. 3.8.f.(3&4) 1 response: 9.1 grams. 3.8.f.(3&4), weight of coating material = weight of 100 coated units – weight of 100 de-coated units. % of coating material = weight of coating material divided by weight of 100 coated units X 100%. 1 response: 5.26 grams, washed 100 units, evaluating weight of coating material, determine % of coating material , calculated wt. of mix species and coating material. 1 response: 8.217 grams, washed 100 units, dried over night, determined % coating. 1 response: 7.485 grams, rule 2.3(5)(b) and 3,5f(3 & 4) and 2.3(4)(b) 1 response: 6 grams, weight 1.0 grams, washed, dried, did separation to determine the % of each species, 2.3 (b), 2.4(b) calculated working weight. 1 response: 7.65 grams, 2.5.b paragraph 3. washed 100 seed units. 1 response: 9.58 grams.2.3 (5)(b), then determined amount of coating using 3.8(f) 4 to remove coating. 1 response:7.1 grams, 2.3b(4)(b) and 2.3.b(5)(b) to calculate. Decoated 100 pure coated units, calculated percentage. 1 response said see attachment, but I didn’t get that.
2. Please explain the steps you to took to process the sample for the purity exam and cite the sections of the rules used in this process:
8 response: 3.8f for separation, washed and dried overnight. 1 response: 2.13f washed, air dried over night, separated into 5 components. 1 response: 3.8f for separation, washed and dried over night, separated into 5 components. 1 response: separated into 4 parts, all three kinds in one pure seed component.
3. Please explain how you prepared the sample for the germination exam and cite the sections of the rules used in this process: 1 response: 6.8l(1)(b) 400 seeds of RG and FF, 200 seeds of BG 1 response: 4.8.1 (old rules again) 1 response: Part of pure seed from the pure seed component from purity analysis washed for germ test. 4 X 100 were used for germ at 15-25 for 14 days. 1 response: rule sections 2.1, 2.2, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.7, 4.8, 5.5 were used (section 4 is the Uniform Classification of weed and crop seeds so I assume old rules again) 1 response: same as if a single kind 1 response: used table 3 in section 4.10, and 4.8 L (1)(b). 3 response: used section 6.8.l 1(c)
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1 response: used seed from washed purity portion. So did not get planted same day. 1 response: used 2.3 (c) 1 response: Planted coated bluegrass since it could be sieved out, plant RG and FF from washed purity separation. 2 response: 2.3b(5) (c) and 6.1(a)1
4. Do you think the AOSA rules clearly explain how to handle these coated samples for purity testing? Are there sections you think should be revised or clarified?
Yes, 3.8f is clear
No., 2.3b(5)(b) confusing
4 Yes
No, rules do not suggest how to calculate the working weight of a mixture (old rule user)
No, the whole mixture section needs to be revised
No, for mixtures it should be revised so that determining amount of coating material is performed first so as to determine the mixture species. After id of species and % species and the weight and % of coating material has been obtained the analyst can calculate working wt.
No, need work on mixtures with grasses that have a blowing point, there is nothing in the rules to handle this. (old rule user)
Yes, rules are clear, but too difficult to jump between coated rules and mixture rules. There should be an entire separate section for coated seed. We are extremely busy and understaffed and I find it confusing and time consuming to jump between sections.
No, need to clarify all the coated seed purity procedures.
No, some directions are not very clear and too much back and forth. Would be nice to have all info in one place. No, Section 2.3.b(5)b Coated, encrusted and pelleted seed. Mixtures of Kinds. This is not practical. Most of the time our lab does not see a label when samples are submitted for testing. I would like to have mixes treated the same as single kinds as in 2.3.b(5)a. Weigh 100 completely coated units and calculate the working sample weights by multiplying by 25 for purity and 250 for noxious-weed exam.
Section 3.8.h Identification and cultivar determination.
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This should be part of 3.8.e The purity analysis of coated seed. It is not necessary to verify the kind by decoating when you just decoated 2500 units for a purity when following the procedure in 3.8.f The purity of analysis on de-coated seed.
5. Do you think the AOSA rules clearly explain how to handle these coated samples for germination testing? Are there sections you think should be revised or clarified?
Yes, but I chose to deviate because I dried my sample over night and could not meet the plant the same day requirement for mixtures.
It is unclear whether the same seed that has been washed and separated into the purity component can also be germinated. Purity section states to wash and dry overnight. Germ section says has to be washed and planted same day. However, if washed seed must still be separated into the components, it will be difficult if it is still wet and clumped together.
Clear enough for decoated seed, not clear enough for coated seed.
6 responses: Yes.
1 response: No
AOSA rules need to be revised in how to handle coated samples. Can 4.8L(1)(a) be used for both single and mixtures? Should coated sample be germ tested as it is going to be planted (old rule user)
Too difficult to germ the same day as washed.
Clarification on number of seeds for germination in coated seed section.
Section 6.8.l Coated seed. Issues which need to be addressed in this section are: kinds requiring the multiple unit procedure, kinds requiring the uniform blowing procedure, what to plant – pure coated units? Clumps of many seeds? Inert units?
Another problem is the rules do not allow the use of pure seed from the purity exam to be used for germination when conducting a purity on decoated seed. The purity must be decoated and dried overnight before conducting the exam, 3.8.f(4). The germination must be conducted on seed which has been decoated and planted the same day, 6.8.l(1)(c). Is it really necessary to have the seed planted the same day it is decoated?
6. Other comments: *Took way too much time *Add words to equations for clarity
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*A clear statement should be made on the difference between entire coated units and loose coating material, 2.8e. *this was a lot of work *Needs revision *Loose coating material could have different forms, like powders, different size particles and clumps. Sometimes, it is not easy to tell the pure coated units from loose materials.
BOOKSHELF
Abe books (http://AbeBooks.com ) recently sent me an ad for money off on my next purchase. Abe books is the evolution of the American Book Exchange, where many of us sold back our college texts. I like the international exposure to books about seeds, the site networks with book sellers in ten countries. I have managed to locate seed identification books from England at the site. They list a number of book sellers from India. I searched for seed morphology and I found a book that I was interested in. Luckily, I searched my own bookshelves before purchasing and I did have A. C. Martin on my shelf.
A.C. Martin wrote a lengthy article for The American Midland Naturalist, Vol. 36, No 3, pp 513-660, November, 1946 entitled The Comparative Internal Morphology of Seeds. This reference is invaluable to seed analysts in the arena of seed identification and as a practical aid while conducting tetrazolium testing. Most of us had some exposure to the article via handouts at seed anatomy and morphology workshops or during tetrazolium testing workshops. I attempted to obtain permission to have multiple authorized photocopies made for members of the Tetrazolium Testing Committee with no luck. It appears that one of us may be able to add this out of print paperback journal to our personal library. The American Midland Naturalist is published by the University Press, Notre Dame, IN. They have an online subscription service that supports electronic copies of their articles. This is just one of the excellent articles on seed anatomy, seed morphology or seed taxonomy that were published through the American Midland Naturalist.
Harold Armstrong, RST
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 49 May, 2009
ANNOUNCEMENTS
Northeast Seed Analyst Workshop Announcement
Department of Horticultural Sciences NYS Seed Testing Laboratory COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY DIVISION OF AGRONOMIC AND REGIONAL SERVICES
The North East Seed Analyst Workshop will be held in Harrisburg, PA on Thursday September 17 and Friday September 18, 2009. The Friday session will be a half day session. Please share this announcement with other analysts in your area. If you know of other analysts not in your lab but you think may have an interest, please share this with them.
This is not a pointless meeting I want to remind every analyst who is certified that they must now obtain ongoing education credits to maintain their certification. A total of 5 points must be earned over a 3 year period. Attending this workshop will earn the analyst 3 points towards this total. The points earned are 1 point for each half day session (3 hours).
Tentative agenda items: Beginning tetrazolium testing: Instruction for the novice. – Need instructor Grass Separation – Purity separation of grass mixture. Clover Separation – Purity separation of clover mixture.
We are now seeking other items that you would like to see on the agenda. We need people willing to make presentations. This workshop is only as good as those people willing to make a contribution. You can contact me with suggestions and ideas at [email protected].
More information will follow as we get nearer the meeting dates. Your co-hosts:
Site Host Agenda Host Joe Garvey Kyle Arvin Kyle Arvin PA Seed Laboratory NYS Seed Testing Laboratory 2301 North Cameron St. 630 West North Street Harrisburg, PA 17110-9408 Geneva, NY 14456-0462 717-787-4843 315-787-2242 FAX: 717-783-3275 FAX: 315-787-2320
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 50 May, 2009
Idaho Seed Analysts Association Workshop Review
The Idaho Seed Analyst Association hosted a successful 2 ½ day workshop the last of April. Barbara Cleave was the main instructor. She presented information about Brassica seeds. Barbara and Bella Ruiz brought Brassica seed for identification and separation. Brenda Watts and Lynn Robinson from Dairyland Seed presented small seeded Legume identification and separation. Lisa Bada and Maria Rapala from Nunhems USA and Barbara presented small seeded germinations including Brassicas, Asparagus, Chicory and Lettuce. Pat Jennings from Archer Daniels Midland Co. showed us how to perform vigor tests on peas and beans. Everyone had a great time especially at the Monday night BBQ held at Ken Greger’s Llama Ranch.
Submitted by Brenda Watts, picture by Don Ogawa
New Seed Course @ NCSU
A new on-line distance education SEED course is available at North Carolina State University this fall semester. The course is called CS 224 - Seeds, Science & Societies. Here is the catalog description: An exploration of seeds, how seeds are the delivery system for crop biotechnology and how a specific society’s perception of science and agriculture influence the acceptance or rejection of modern genetic technologies. Topics include seed germination, survival and preservation; seed industry history; seed industry influence on societies and how societies are influencing the seed industry; seed production – commercially and at home; how our diverse genetic resources are being preserved for future generations; how biotechnology is applied to agriculture and delivered through seeds; the impact biotechnology is having both the seed industry and subsequently on U.S. and global agriculture; concerns and benefits of biotechnology application to crops; how seeds and seed science may be used to address world hunger.
Interested? Contact Jan Spears ([email protected]) for details. Course registration information can be found on the DELTA website http://distance.ncsu.edu/courses/index.html I think this will be a fun course and it would be great to have a few seed professionals on board. It sure would add a great deal to the discussions. (Ps – I miss seeing you all.) Dr. Jan Spears, North Carolina State University
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 51 May, 2009
Spotlight on an Analyst
The Washington State Department of Agriculture – Seed Program is pleased to announce that three more of their analysts have achieved the status of CSAs / RSTs. Bringing the total to six out of nine analysts that are now CSAs / RSTs. The newly certified analysts are Maryanne Triggs, Terri Cox, and Chris Norvell.
Pictured from left to right – Maryanne Triggs, Terri Cox, Chris Norvell
Maryanne Triggs has been a seed analyst with the Seed Program for 11 years. Her primary area of expertise is purity analysis with a strong focus on turf and range grasses. She supports the seed industry by participating in and organizing referees. Maryanne is the primary analyst responsible for all moisture testing. Additionally she has been heavily involved with the Washington native seed industry facilitating the formulation and adoption of administrative rules and regulations. Maryanne has contributed greatly to documenting work procedures supporting ISO accreditation, which the Seed Program is currently working toward.
Terri Cox has been with the Seed Program for 11 years. Terri contributes to many areas of the seed lab. While she spends the majority of her time conducting purity analysis on a wide range of species, during the harvest season she also contributes to the viability section of the lab. She is responsible for training several new analysts and has developed several training regimes. Terri has also works as a field inspector being one of two primary staff members responsible for hybrid crop field inspections. Terri also serves as the Safety Officer for the Seed Program.
Chris Norvell has nine years of experience as a Seed Analyst for the Program. She is a purity analyst spending the majority of time working with all grasses and grains. Chris teams up with Terri and is also responsible for hybrid crop field inspections. Chris is responsible for training several new analysts and is heavily involved with the development of training materials. Chris is responsible for updating and maintenance of the herbarium ensuring that all seed reference samples are properly catalogued. Over the years Chris has participated in and organized several referees, and worked with the Washington seed industry on specialized research projects.
The WSDA Seed Program is very proud of Maryanne, Chris and Terri for their recent accomplishments and is equally proud of the entire staff for their dedication and contributions to the seed industry.
Submitted by Victor Shaul
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 52 May, 2009
Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Celebrates 100 Years
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Principles of Seed Testing DVDs Developed by Ohio State University and Dr. Miller McDonald
SCST is pleased to announce the availability of a unique new training product: Principles of Seed Testing DVDs. This set of four DVDs is a comprehensive review of the most common techniques used by seed analysts to assess seed quality. Text, figures, animations, and videos are used to effectively explain each testing procedure, which makes this collection unique and valuable for training and education of seed analysts as well as others interested in the techniques of seed testing. Visit the SCST website to view 2-3 minute previews of the DVDs: http://www.seedtechnology.net/DVDs.htm
Principles of Seed Testing - Volume I: Importance of Seed Testing - Importance of Seed Testing (15 min) - Seed Identification (26 min) - Seed Sampling (13 min) - Seed Moisture Testing (29 min) - Seed Testing Tolerances (15 min) - Seed Pathology (30 min)
Principles of Seed Testing - Volume II: Seed Quality Testing - Physical Purity (42 min) - Germination (88 min) - Seed Vigor (11 min)
Principles of Seed Testing - Volume III: Tetrazolium Testing - Tetrazolium (95 min)
Principles of Seed Testing - Volume IV: Genetic Purity Testing - Traditional Genetic Purity (9 min) - Herbicide Trait Testing (10 min) - Electrophoresis (28 min) - Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) (14 min) - Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (18 min)
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Principles of Seed Testing DVDs Order Form Publication Cost No. Total Principles of Seed Testing - Volume I: Importance of Seed Testing $70 Principles of Seed Testing - Volume II: Seed Quality Testing $70 Principles of Seed Testing - Volume III: Tetrazolium Testing $70 Principles of Seed Testing - Volume IV: Genetic Purity Testing $70 Complete Four Volume Set $200 Shipping: $5 Shipping rates: $5 for USA and Canada, $10 for international orders- up to 12 DVDs. TOTAL
For bulk orders contact Anita Hall for shipping rates. DUE
Billing Address Shipping Address: Name/contact: Name/contact:
Agency or Company: Agency or Company:
Address: Address:
City, State, Postal Code: City, State, Postal Code:
Phone Number: Fax Number: Phone Number: Fax Number:
Email Address: Email Address:
Payment methods: Checks should be made payable “SCST” or “Society of Commercial Seed Technologists” (US funds only), Credits Cards: Visa and Mastercard only Credit card number: Expiration date:
Card issued to (name on card): CID# (three digit code on signature line of card)
(a 3% processing fee will be added to all credit card transactions)
Please send order and payment to: SCST, 101 East State St., PMB #214, Ithaca, NY 14850 Email: [email protected], Phone/fax #607-256-3313
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Seed Production DVDs Developed by Ohio State University and Dr. Miller McDonald
SCST is pleased to announce the availability of three CDs detailing seed production practices.
Seed Production in Brazil Brazil is noted for its ability to produce high quality coffee and tropical grass forage seeds that are marketed around the world. How they successfully accomplish this task is the subject of this production. This DVD includes seed production practices for coffee, Panicum maximum, and Brachiaria spp.
The coffee presentation includes the following: • Choosing trees • Harvesting • Seed Processing (washing, peeling, fermentation) • Seed Drying and Storage • Seed Germination Testing • Tetrazolium Chloride Testing • Producing Coffee Seedlings • Greenhouse Production
The Panicum and Brachiaria presentations emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of different harvesting alternatives, along with a presentation of the seed cleaning and quality evaluation procedures. (Duration: approximately 30 minutes)
Hybrid Maize Seed Production This DVD is a comprehensive presentation of hybrid maize seed production in the heart of USA’s Corn Belt. The film highlights the principles and practices of this important activity in today’s agriculture, showing how state of the art technologies and machineries are used in high quality hybrid seed production. (Duration: approximately 46 minutes)
Sunflower Seed Production in Chile This DVD is a comprehensive presentation of certified sunflower seed production for export in the central zone of Chile. The film highlights the advantages of producing seeds in this area and reviews each of the production steps from seed receipt and field selection to harvest, cleaning, and shipment. (Duration: approximately 47 minutes)
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 59 May, 2009
Seed Production DVDs Order Form
Publication Cost No. Total Hybrid Maize Seed Production $70 Sunflower Seed Production in Chile $70 Seed Production in Brazil (DVD includes Spanish, English & Portuguese versions) $70 Complete Three Volume Set $150 Shipping: $5 Shipping rates: $5 for USA and Canada, $10 for international orders- up to 12 DVDs. TOTAL
For larger bulk orders contact Anita Hall for shipping rates. DUE
Billing Address Shipping Address: Name/contact: Name/contact:
Agency or Company: Agency or Company:
Address: Address:
City, State, Postal Code: City, State, Postal Code:
Phone Number: Fax Number: Phone Number: Fax Number:
Email Address: Email Address:
Payment methods: Checks should be made payable “SCST” or “Society of Commercial Seed Technologists” (US funds only), Credits Cards: Visa and Mastercard only Credit card number: Expiration date:
Card issued to (name on card): CID# (three digit code on signature line of card)
(a 3% processing fee will be added to all credit card transactions) Please send order and payment to: SCST 101 East State St., PMB #214 Ithaca, NY 14850 Email: [email protected], Phone/fax #607-256-3313
Seed Technology Newsletter Volume 83, No. 2 60 May, 2009
Training Opportunities at the ISU Seed Science Center
The Iowa State University Seed Science Center is again offering a full schedule of seed quality and conditioning workshops this spring and summer. As with all workshops, participants will have plenty of hands-on training along with lectures, time to discuss topics of interest, and materials to bring home. Conditioning workshops are held in Center’s conditioning facility and classroom. Training for the summer concludes August 19 & 20 with the corn and soybean seed quality workshop.
For more information or to register, visit http://www.ucs.iastate.edu/mnet/seedscience/home.html
Color Sorter - Satake June 3-4 Color Sorter - Sortex June 10-11 Commercial Seed Corn June 15-18 Seed Treatment June 24-25 Soybean/Small Grain Seed July 7-9 Soybean/Small Grain Seed July 28-30 Gravity Separation August 4 Gravity Separation August 6 Research Seed Corn August 11-13 Quality Workshop August 19-20
Upcoming Federal Seed Schools in Gastonia, NC
The USDA Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch will be hosting a Federal Seed Schools this year at our facility in Gastonia, NC, August 10-14, 2009. The first three days of this seed school will focus on purity and identification of similar crop and weed species, with emphasis on identification of noxious-weed seeds. Other topics such as the uniform blowing procedure and ryegrass fluorescence will be covered. The last two days of the week will focus on variety testing, including trait testing, and seed health testing such as detection of seed treatments by bioassay methods, depending upon the interest of the participants.
The seed school is open to seed analysts from private and government seed testing laboratories. Presentation of topics will be on a level appropriate for experienced seed analysts. Enrollment at the seed school will be limited to 20 participants due to the hands-on nature of the topics and one-on-one attention from the instructors. Participants from non-government laboratories will be charged a fee of $160.
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For more information about seed schools or to request a pre-registration sheet, please contact Botanist Pattsy Jackson at [email protected] or Laboratory Supervisor Susan Maxon at [email protected].
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
Job Announcement- Quality Manager Johnny’s Selected Seeds
JOB DESCRIPTION
Position Title: Quality Manager Department: Product Life Cycle Reports to: Product Life Cycle Senior Manager
Position Summary –
Primary role is to ensure product quality for our customers by leading and managing the Quality Laboratory, maintaining quality standards and serving as a key operational and product development team member. Including, ensuring accurate, proper and efficient testing of product (i.e. germination, pathology, purity, moisture, etc.), identifying and developing key metrics to ensure customer satisfaction, team planning to ensure timeliness and accuracy of tests, improve and update processes, procedures and protocols. The ideal candidate will share our passion to provide superior products, research, technical information and service to our customers.
Key Duties and Responsibilities - • Oversee management of Quality Laboratory Team and be a member of the Product Life Cycle Team • Strong commitment to customer satisfaction and quality across all aspects of business and processes • Structure and manage methodical processes for effective investigations, with a constant focus on continuous process improvement • Direct and practical knowledge of seed quality testing, rules and regulations • Ability to analyze test data and communicate trends and results, establishing and monitoring key metrics and milestones • Ensure all new products specifications are validated and maintain all established
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specifications • Proven ability to develop a technical database and supply materials to educate our customers • Proven ability to work and manage within a cross functional approach • Excellent communication skills, both verbal and written • Strong sense of urgency in meeting deadlines and objectives, while balancing and optimizing multiple priorities
Education and Experience Required - 1. Master of Science in Biology, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Agronomy or related major, or Bachelors of Science and at least 5 years experience working within a seed testing laboratory or quality management 2. Preference will be given for candidates that are Registered Seed Technologists 3. Preference for candidates within ISO organizations 4. Preference for candidates with ERP experience 5. Experience with standard quality analysis tools 6. Working knowledge of standard office software (MS Word, Excel, etc.).
Benefits –
- Competitive salary - Joining as an employee owner as part of our Employee Stock Ownership Plan. - Profit sharing. - Health insurance. - Product discounts.
Interested applicants may apply either by mail, e-mail, or fax. No phone calls please. Brenda Bowden E-mail: [email protected] Human Resource Manager Fax: 1-800-861- 3919 Johnny’s Selected Seeds 955 Benton Avenue Winslow, ME 04901
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Horticultural Inspector 3 (Biotechnology), Division of Plant Industry SALARY: Grade 23 ($61,963 – $76,101) APPOINTMENT: Non-competitive, Permanent
DIVISION OF PLANT INDUSTRY: The Division of Plant Industry is responsible for maintaining plant health, promoting the statewide adoption of integrated pest management practices, monitoring the availability and labeling of basic agricultural commodities (seed, commercial fertilizers and composts claiming plant nutrient value, agricultural liming materials), ammonium nitrate security, and detecting and preventing the spread of bee diseases.
The Horticultural Inspector 3 (Biotechnology) will be responsible for the Department’s activities related to genetically engineered crops, plants and organisms, seed, fertilizer and liming materials and the management and coordination of the Department’s efforts to ensure that the State has a comprehensive and well-coordinated statewide system. With significant independence, this position will oversee implementation of key regulatory programs and research and analyze related issues, initiatives and policy. Serve as the Department’s liaison to other state, federal counterparts, extension and academia agricultural community in these areas.
OPEN COMPETITIVE QUALIFICATIONS: Minimum Qualifications: A Bachelor’s Degree in a natural science, and six years of progressively responsible experience in a position with primary responsibility for supervision and/or the implementation and coordination of a major agricultural or horticultural program initiative, function or special project.
Preferred Qualifications: Communication skills and experience coordinating (government administrators and private sector officials) intra and interagency disciplines and private stakeholder interests. Above-average understanding of federal and state programs, statutes and issues related to the regulation of biotechnology, genetically modified plants or organisms, plant breeding and agricultural imports (including but not limited to fertilizers and seed).
TO APPLY: Forward letter of interest and resume by May 29, 2009 to: Deborah A. Carriero, NYS Department of Agriculture and Markets Division of Human Resources Management 10B Airline Drive Albany, NY 12235 Telephone: 518-457-3216 Fax: 518-457-8852 E-mail: [email protected]
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CALENDAR
2009
May 30 - June 5 AOSA/SCST Annual Meeting, Ft. Collins, CO. Information: www.aosaseed.com/2009/2009_AOSA-SCST.htm
June 3 – 4 Iowa State Satake Color Sorter Training, Ames, IA. Information: http://www.ucs.iastate.edu/mnet/seedscience/home.html
June 9 – 12 OECD Seed Schemes Meeting, Paris, France. Information: www.oecd.org.
June 10 – 11 Iowa State Sortex Color Sorter Training, Ames, IA. Information: http://www.ucs.iastate.edu/mnet/seedscience/home.html
June 15 - 18 ISTA Annual Meeting 2009, Zurich, Switzerland. Information: www.seedtest.org
June 15 - 18 Iowa State Commercial Seed Corn Training , Ames, IA. Information: http://www.ucs.iastate.edu/mnet/seedscience/home.html
June 20 - 24 ASTA Annual Convention, Scottsdale, AZ. Information: www.amseed.com
June 24 - 25 Iowa State Seed Treatment Training, Ames, IA. Information: http://www.ucs.iastate.edu/mnet/seedscience/home.html
June 28 – July 1 Association of Official Seed Certification Agencies, Portland, OR. Information: www.aosca.org.
July 7 - 9 Iowa State Soybean/Small Grain Seed Training, Ames, IA. Information: http://www.ucs.iastate.edu/mnet/seedscience/home.html
July 20 - 23 Association of American Seed Control Officials, Scottsdale, AZ. Information: www.seedcontrol.org.
July 28 - 30 Iowa State Soybean/Small Grain Seed Training, Ames, IA. Information: http://www.ucs.iastate.edu/mnet/seedscience/home.html
August 4 Iowa State Gravity Separator Training, Ames, IA. Information: http://www.ucs.iastate.edu/mnet/seedscience/home.html
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August 6 Iowa State Gravity Separator Training, Ames, IA. Information: http://www.ucs.iastate.edu/mnet/seedscience/home.html
August 11 - 13 Iowa State Research Seed Corn Training, Ames, IA. Information: http://www.ucs.iastate.edu/mnet/seedscience/home.html
August 19 - 20 Iowa State Quality Workshop, Ames, IA. Information: http://www.ucs.iastate.edu/mnet/seedscience/home.html
September 8 – 9 2nd World Seed Conference, Hosted by FAO, ISF, UPOV. FAO, ISTA, Rome, Italy. http://www.worldseedconference.org/en/worldseedconference/hom e.html;jsessionid=910851E6E2E08B8D04480E06357B57E4
September 27 – October 1 The International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS) and the International Society for Seed Science (ISSS) are hosting a symposium regarding seed, transplant and stand establishment. SEST ’09, the 5th International Symposium on Seed, Transplant and Stand Establishment of Horticultural Crops, will be held in Murcia, Spain, Sep 27-Oct 1, 2009. Symposium details are available online (http://www.sest2009.com/).
2010
June 16-22 - 29th ISTA Congress 2010, Cologne, Germany. Information: www.seedtest.org
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