SUMMARY OF PHD THESIS

UNIVERSITY OF PANNONIA GEORGIKON FACULTY INSTITUTE FOR PLANT PROTECTION

DOCTORAL SCHOOL IN - AND AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

HEAD OF SHOOL DR. HABIL. ANDA ANGÉLA DSC PROFESSOR

SUPERVISORS DR. MARKÓ VIKTOR CSC ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

DR. KONDOROSY ELŐD CSC ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

EFFECT OF PEST MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON (ARANEAE) ASSEMBLAGES IN WOODY HORTICULTURAL CROPS

WRITTEN BY KERESZTES BALÁZS

KESZTHELY

2013 1. PRELIMINARIES AND AIM OF THE RESEARCH WORK

Spiders (Araneae) constitute an important group of predators, because of their generalist predatory habit, diverse foraging strategies and their high density and diversity in most of the agricultural systems. are one of the most species rich and abundant predacious arthropod groups in agroecosystems, including the ground flora and canopy of orchards. Although there are only scarce data on their influence on invertebrate orchard pests, laboratory feeding tests and their abundance in orchards suggests that they may have a significant impact on many pest species. The use of broad spectrum pesticides has a strong negative effect on spider populations which may be more sensitive than the orchard pests. Selective insecticides used in organic and integrated pest management (IPM) programmes have a negligible or moderate effect on spiders. Therefore, the use of selective insecticides is one of the main tools in enhancing spider communities in commercial orchards. In organic and IPM orchards the abundance and species richness of spiders is usually higher than in conventionally pesticide treated orchards, ordinarily based on applications of broad spectrum pesticides. Pesticide applications affect spiders directly, but also indirectly by depleting their prey. Whilst there is some documentation on the effect of prey shortage on spiders in agricultural fields and orchards, many studies deal with the effect of prey abundances on spider aggregation in microhabitats in natural ecosystems. Herbaceous vegetation growing on the orchard floor provides a wide variety of ecosystem services. Cover crops improve physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, conserve soil water, reduce soil erosion, contribute to weed suppression and regulate tree development and productivity. The manipulation of ground cover vegetation may also alter the density and diversity of faunal species associated with the whole orchard system.

2 These diversified crop systems, in contrast to monocultures, often can be characterized by higher activity of natural enemies and lower abundance and damage of arthropod pests. Diversification of orchard vegetation may provide alternative prey, supplementary foods such as pollen or nectar, shelter or overwintering habitats and more favourable microclimates for arthropod natural enemies. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the multiple factors that determine the spider (Araneae) assemblages established in woody, perennial horticultural crops. The major research directions are summarized as follows:

1. Faunal survey of spiders in the canopy of different linden and maple tree species. The aim of this study was to determinate if hedges or forest edges containing linden and maple trees can serve as source habitats for spiders colonising the apple orchards after pest management applications (country-wide study, ). 2. Different pesticide load of the orchards. The aim was to survey the faunal composition and abundance of spider assemblages in apple orchards under conventional, integrated and organic pest managements and in an orchard without pesticide applications (Kent and East Sussex counties, England). 3. Study of the effects of a new pest management strategy on spiders in apple orchards. We compared the effects of the (i) ’zero pesticide residues integrated pest management programme’ (a new pest management strategy based on selective insecticides applied before fruit set and after harvest) to (ii) ’conventional’ pest management (based on board-spectrum compounds applied during the whole growing season) and to (iii) pesticide free control on spider assemblages in an apple orchard (England – East Malling).

3 4. Effects of different ground cover management systems [(i) annual and perennial flowering herbs, (ii) regularly mowed grass and (iii) weed-free bare ground in the alleys], upon the canopy-dwelling spider assemblages in apple orchards (Újfehértó, Hungary). 5. Effects of the board-spectrum insecticide treatments (conventional pest management), organic pest management and the abandoning of the cultivation on the ground-dwelling spider assemblages in vineyards (Kerekegyháza, Hungary).

2. MATHERIALS AND METHODS

2. 1. Faunal research of spiders of different linden and maple tree species

Faunal composition of spider assemblages in the canopy of linden (Tilia spp.) and maple (Acer spp.) trees was surveyed in Hungary (in Keszthely and other settlements around, in 1999–2002; and in Budapest and Szolnok, in 2007–2010). The sampled linden species were Tilia cordata, T. platyphyllos and T. argentea (T. tomentosa), while the sampled maple species were Acer campestre, A. platanoides and A. pseudoplatanus. Samples were collected using tree-netting (100 cm of diameter, 150 cm of depth, handle of 290 cm) and beating method (beating funnel, 75 cm of diameter, 50 cm of depth) and phyretroid (lambda-cyhalotrin) knockdown technique.

4 2. 2. Effects of different pest management strategies on prey supply and abundance of spider assemblages in apple orchards in England

Three apple orchards were studied in England (Kent and East Sussex counties), two organic orchards in Robertsbridge (1,5 ha) and Marden (5 ha), and an experimental orchard in East Malling (1,14 ha). The studies were made in 2001, 2002, 2004 (in all the three orchards) and 2006 (in the experimental orchard). The experimental orchard was at East Malling Research, Kent, England and was planted in spring 1995. The orchard had 12 plots which consisted of 12 rows of 12 dwarf apple trees. In the 12 orchard plots three different pest management systems were applied in a randomised block design (four replicate plots) from 2001 to 2006. The treatments were: 1. zero pesticide residues (ZERO); integrated pest management programme, where pesticides only moderately harmful to spiders were used and only in the early stage of the growing season. During the fruit development period the pest and disease management relied on biocontrol agents, 2. conventional (CONV); full pesticide treatment, where broad spectrum insecticides were applied, 3. untreated control (UNTR); no pesticides applied. In both organic orchards the samples were taken six times (at the beginning and at the end of May, at the middle of June and July and at the beginning and end of September). The whole canopies of 150 trees were collected on each occasion (15 samples/orchard x 10 trees/sample). In the experimental orchard beat samples from the canopy were taken every two weeks from early May to early October. The whole canopies of twelve trees were sampled on every occasion from each plot. The canopy surface spiders were collected by the beating method with a beating funnel (70 cm x 43 cm size, 50 cm depth).

5 Additional samples were collected with pitfall traps and sweep net to survey the connection between the ground cover, herb layer and canopy spider assemblages in the experimental apple orchard in East Malling. Spiders were sampled with pitfall traps consisting of 500 ml polyethylene glasses (diameter 90 mm) filled with 0.2 L mixture (1:1) of ethylene glycol and water. Altogether 36 pitfall traps were used in the experimental orchard, three traps in each plot (12 traps per treatment). The traps were placed in the 4th, 6th and 8th rows, in the middle, between the 6th and 7th trees. Three pitfall traps covered with polyethylene roof (12x15 cm) were installed in each plot. The traps operated from 1 of April until 30 of October, and were emptied biweekly. Spider assemblages were collected from the herb layer by sweep netting. Triangular sweep net (32 cm long on each side) was used. Two replicate sweep net samples, each of 100 sweeps was taken on every sampling occasion from each plot (8 repetitions per treatment). The sampling was done from April to October, monthly.

2. 3. Effects of ground cover management systems on the spider assemblages in apple orchards

The trial was run in an apple orchard in Újfehértó, eastern Hungary, and observations were made from 2002 to 2007. The orchard (5,2 ha) was planted in spring 1993, it had 61 rows, each consisting of 85–90 trees. Within the orchard we established five plots, four of which were used for this study. In three experimental plots integrated pest management (IPM) was applied, and in one conventional pest management. Each experimental orchard plot was about 1 ha and consisted of 11 rows of apple trees, altogether 935–990 trees, and each plot was divided into five subplots of 0.2 ha (50 m x 40 m, 11 tree rows, 185–200 trees). The plots differed in alley management:

6 1. in one IPM-plot (treatment BAREgr), the alleys between rows were kept weed- free by disking, 2. in the second IPM-plot (treatment GRASS), a standard, regularly mown turf was maintained as green cover; similarly in the conventional pest management treated plot. 3. in the third IPM-plot (treatment FLOWER), 3.5 m wide flower strips were established in the alleys. Canopy spiders were sampled from the whole canopy of two randomly selected trees, from each of the five subplots (five samples per plot), weekly from early May to mid-October. The canopy surface spiders were collected by the beating method with a beating funnel (70 cm diameter and 50 cm depth). Additional samples were collected with pitfall traps to survey the connection between the ground cover and canopy spider assemblages in the experimental apple orchard in Újfehértó. Spiders were sampled with pitfall traps consisting of 300 ml polyethylene glasses (diameter 80 mm) filled with 0.2 L mixture (1:1) of ethylene glycol and water. Eight pitfall traps covered with metal roof (12x15 cm) were installed in each plot. The traps operated from front of April till end of October and were emptied fortnightly.

2. 4. Effects of different management systems on the ground surface spider assemblages in a vineyard

Effects of different management systems on ground surface spider assemblages were studied using pitfall trapping in a vineyard over three years (1999–2001). The study site was a 28 years old, 0.9 ha block of Vitis vinifera L. on the experimental farm of Corvinus University of Budapest, Institute for Viniculture and Oenology Research of Kecskemét (Kerekegyháza).

7 Within the vineyard three plots were separated (each of 0.3 ha) where the effects of three different management systems were assessed: 1. organic pest management (ORG = BIOLÓGIAI) with regularly mowed grass vegetation in the alleys (between the rows), 2. conventional management system (CONV = HAGYOMÁNYOS) where the pest management based on broad spectrum insecticides and the weeds were controlled by tillage, 3. abandoned grapevine plot (ABAN = FELHAGYOTT) which was abandoned more then three years at the start of the study and the alleys had high and dense weed vegetation. Spiders were sampled with pitfall traps consisting of 400 ml polyethylene glasses (diameter 80 mm) filled with 0.2 L mixture (1:1) of ethylene glycol and water. Six pitfall traps covered with metal roof (12x15 cm) were installed in each plot. The traps operated from end of April till middle of October and were emptied fortnightly.

2. 5. Data analysis

- General linear mixed models (GLMM) - Robust Welch ANOVA test; pairwise comparison of means: Games- Howell and Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. - Adjusted rank Welch test; pairwise stochastic equalities were tested with Bonferroni correction. - Two-way ANOVA; Welch-test and the interaction of these two factors (Johansen-test), pairwise comparisons were tested using a Tukey-Kramer post hoc test.

8 - Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA); Welch's test was performed for the main effect, Geisser-Greenhouse test was used to test the trial effect and for the interaction effect. Post-hoc comparisons were performed using Tukey’s test. - Metric ordination; principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on the Horn and Morisita similarity index. - Rényi diversity; were compared at different scale parameters by ANOVA test. - Calculation of correlation: stepwise multiple regressions analysis, Kendall’s tau and Spermann’s rankcorrelation.

Software packets: IBM SPSS 20.0, RopStat, Syntax 2000, Past 2.02

3. NEW SCIENTIFIC RESULTS

1. The spider fauna of different linden (Tilia spp.) and maple (Acer spp.) species has been surveyed in Hungary. In total, 3065 spider individuals comprising 93 species and 21 spider families were collected, 1561 and 1504 individuals from the canopy of linden and maple trees, respectively. No significant differences were shown between the spider assemblages of the linden and maple trees, neither in the species richness, nor in the abundance and the spider assemblages did not differ in the composition either. According to our study, considering their abundance and relative density, the following spider species can play significant role in the control of the pests of the linden and maple trees in our country: Philodromus spp., Philodromus rufus (Philodromidae); Theridion spp. (Theridiidae); Araniella spp., Araniella cucurbitina (Araneidae); Anyphaena accentuata (Anyphaenidae); Meioneta rurestris (Linyphiidae).

9 Comparing the data of our faunal survey with those of the literature it was found that the canopy spider assemblages of the linden and maple trees show a high similarity to the spider assemblages of the apple orchards. It has been concluded that hedges and forest patches with linden and maple trees adjacent to apple orchards could serve as a source of colonization for spiders after pesticide applications.

2. The spider fauna of apple orchards was surveyed in Kent and East Sussex, England. Previously, only scattered data have been reported. As a result of the four-year study, altogether 15023 spider individuals were collected, representing 18 spider families and 119 species, which is 18% of the total spider fauna of Great Britain. The significant spider families were defined considering the species and abundance, and which species can be significant from the point of view of pest management.

3. Effects of a new pest management strategy (zero pesticide residues integrated pest management, ZERO) were studied the on the arboreal spider assemblages in the experimental apple orchard of the East Malling Research. Apple orchard plots under conventional (CONV) pest management (based on broad spectrum insecticide compounds) and with no pesticide applications (UNTR) served as controls. These studies showed that – in contrast to other similar surveys – there was no significant difference between the ZERO and CONV pest management strategies in the species richness and the abundance. The effect of insecticides was detrimental to spider populations as the treatments coincided with the peak abundance of adults in May and early June. Within adults, the treatments were harmful to female spiders, whereas, male spiders were much less affected. As a result the proportion of males increased in all of the sampled spider families.

10 ZERO treatments (less toxic to spiders) did not result in higher total annual abundances compared to CONV pest management (more toxic to spiders), although we established a higher density of spiders in ZERO treatment in May. However, in the second half of the growing season all the seven abundant spider groups compensated for the higher pesticide disturbance in the conventional (CONV) plots, compared to the ZERO pest management strategy.

4. There were two peaks of the spider density in the studied apple orchard, one in spring (mainly adults) and one in autumn (juveniles). In the middle of July and at the beginning of August the abundance was very low in all plots. The spider assemblages restructured after July probably because of habitat change of the juveniles and between-species differences in offspring and mortality. This restructuring occurred both in non-disturbed and pesticide treated plots of the studied orchard.

5. It was concluded that the main potential prey groups in the second part of the growing season were the leafhoppers, planthoppers and froghoppers (Auchenorrhyncha), and on the other hand the abundance of spider species belonging to the genus Araniella followed the changes in aphid (Aphididae) abundance, so this group proved to be the best predictor of this genus. Araniella was the only genus where the spring density affected the number of individuals in autumn. As a conclusion, the spider abundance followed the prey abundance in autumn, while the abundance pattern of spiders observed in May did not affect the abundance of spider assemblages in the studied orchard plots in September. The spider populations were only affected short-term by direct toxicity from pesticides; prey reduction regulating the re-colonisation had a greater influence on the spider assemblages in the studied apple orchard.

11 6. The effects of three ground cover management systems (bare ground, BAREgr; grass, GRASS and flowering herbs, FLOWER in the alleys) on the canopy spider assemblages were studied in an apple orchard in Újfehértó, Hungary. It was demonstrated that the greater plant cover in the alleys (GRASS, FLOWER) affected only the guild „hunters” significantly; apart from them the flower strips in the alleys enhanced only the number of „ambushers”. The abundance of space and orb web builders did not increase in plots with ground cover vegetation compared to the weed free control (BAREgr), probable because of higher intraguild predation from salticids in these plots.

7. We also reported the phenology of the superdominant spider species xanthogramma. This species has one generation per year and overwinter as subadult or in the preceding developmental stage. The abundance of this species increased significantly with the amount of ground cover in the alleys, while the ’non-C. xanthogramma‘ spiders – presumably because of predation from C. xanthogramma – did not show such an increase as it would have been expected.

8. The composition of the spider assemblage in the treatment BAREgr differed significantly from those in FLOWER and GRASS treatments; however, there was no difference in the composition of the last two treatments. The greater plant cover and diversity in the alleys did not increase the diversity of the adult spider assemblages, while it directly decreased the diversity of juveniles.

9. The best predictors of the abundance of spiders were the parasitoid wasps, dipterans and the group Auchenorrhyncha. The abundance of the spiders showed a significant positive correlation with all the three potential prey groups. In contrast, the abundance of spiders was independent from the abundance of the apple pests; i.e. the significantly higher abundance of spiders did not result in decrease of the abundance of the observed pests.

12 10. According to our survey completed in the vineyard in Kerekegyháza, Hungary, the environmentally sound, organic pest management together with the grass cover in the alleys, affects positively the abundance, and probably also the species richness, of the ground-dwelling spider assemblages. However, the abundance of the spiders decreased approximately to the half in the plot with conventional pest management (broad-spectrum insecticides and mechanical weed control in the alleys). At the same time the different treatments altered the relative abundance of species within the spider assemblages resulting in significant structural differences between the organic plot and the other two treatments.

11. Two species (Agroeca pullata, Trochosa terricola) showed similar abundance in all the three treatments but most of the spider species were apparently associated to a given cultivation mode. The most common species connected to the organic vineyard were as follows: Xysticus kochi, Xysticus ninni and Zelotes electus. The abandoned vineyard can be characterised with high abundance of Drassyllus pussillus, a gnaphosid spider species while the conventional plot with the presence of Haplodrassus signifer and Pardosa agrestis. To sum up, the composition of the spider assemblage in the abandoned vineyard were distinct from that of the other two treatments which calls attention to the importance of the plant cover and microclimatic relations of the vineyards in the organisation of the spider assemblages.

12. Haplodrassus bohemicus and Micaria coarctata (both Gnaphosidae) as well as Theridion uhligi (Theridiidae) collected in the vineyard of Kerekegyháza proved to be new to the fauna of Hungary.

13 4. LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS

4. 1. Scientific publications of PhD topic

4. 1. 1. Proceedings on Hungarian language

• Keresztes B. – Kondorosy E. – Kutyáncsánin Z. (2002): Adatok a hárs és juhar pókfaunájához (Araneae). 48. Növényvédelmi Tudományos Napok, Budapest, 2002. március 6–7., Összefoglalók, 44. • Keresztes B. – Markó V. – Mikulás J. (2006): Különböző művelésmód hatása szőlőültetvény pók együtteseire (Araneae). 52. Növényvédelmi Tudományos Napok, Budapest, 2006. február 23–24., Összefoglalók, 19. • Keresztes B. – Markó V. – Cross, J. V. (2007): Pók együttesek faunisztikai és szerkezeti feltárása délkelet-angliai almaültetvényekben. 53. Növényvédelmi Tudományos Napok, Budapest, 2007. február 20–21., Összefoglalók, 6. • Balázs K. – Mihályi K. – Markó V. – Sallai P. – Fekete Z. – Jenser G. – Tóth M. – Keresztes B. (2008): Biológiai eljárások alkalmazásának lehetőségei az alma védelmében. Kutatási nap Újfehértón, 2008. január 22. Előadás összefoglalók, 5. • Keresztes B. – Markó V. (2008): Alávetés hatása almaültetvények pók- együtteseire. XVIII. Keszthelyi Növényvédelmi Fórum, Keszthely, 2008. január 30 – február 1., Kiadványban összefoglalóként, 129. • Markó V. – Keresztes B. – Fountain, T. M. – Cross, J. V. (2008): Peszticid terhelés és zsákmány-ellátottság hatása alma-ültetvények pók (Araneae) együtteseire. 54. Növényvédelmi Tudományos Napok, Budapest, 2008. február 27–28., Összefoglalók, 2. • Keresztes B. – Markó V. (2008): Különböző alávetések hatása almaültetvények pók-együtteseire a lombkoronaszinten. IX. Magyar Pókász Találkozó, Kisoroszi, 2008. október 3–5., Összefoglalók, 7.

14 • Keresztes B. – Markó V. (2009): Újabb adatok alávetések hatásáról almaültetvények lombkoronaszintű pók-együtteseire. XIX. Keszthelyi Növényvédelmi Fórum, Keszthely, 2009. február 4–6., Kiadványban összefoglalóként, 86.

4. 1. 2. Proceedings on foreign language

• Markó V. – Cross, J. V. – Keresztes B. – Kondorosy E. (2005): A possibility to enhance natural enemies in apple orchards? – Reduced pesticide treatments in an apple orchard at East Malling, U.K. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production. Baselga di Piné (), 26–30th September, 2004. Edited by: Jerry Cross & Claudio Ioriatti. IOBC Bulletin, 28: 7, 482. • Markó V. – Keresztes B. – Cross, J. V. – Fountain, T. M. (2008): Post- disturbance recovery of apple orchard spider communities. XXIII. International Congress of Entomology, Durban, South Africa, 6–12th July, 2008. Abstracts. • Markó V. – Keresztes B. (2012): Flower power? Effects of apple orchard groundcover management on arboreal spiders (Araneae). XXIV. International Congress of Entomology, Daegu, Korea, 19–25th August, 2012. Abstracts.

4. 1. 3. Articles in Hungarian (reviewed) Journals

• Keresztes B. – Kondorosy E. – Markó V. (2011): Adatok hárs és juhar pókfaunájához (Araneae). Növényvédelem, 47 (10): 413–420. • Keresztes B. – Mikulás J. – Markó V. (2012): Különböző művelési módok hatása egy Kecskemét környéki szőlőültetvény talajfelszíni pók (Araneae) együtteseire. Növényvédelem, 48 (5): 203–213.

15 4. 1. 4. Articles in foreign (reviewed) Journals

• Markó V. – Keresztes B. – Fountain, T. M. – Cross, J. V.(2009): Prey availability, pesticides and the abundance of orchard spider communities.

Biological Control (I. F..: 1,917), 48 (2): 115–124.

4. 2. Other publications (not related) to the topic of PhD study

4. 2. 1. Proceedings on Hungarian language

• Keresztes B. – Székely B. – Horváth L. (1999): Adatok néhány, a szálastakarmány termő területeken elterjedt pókfaj zsákmánykörének ismeretéhez. IX. Keszthelyi Növényvédelmi Fórum, Keszthely, 1999. január 27–29., Összefoglalók, 35. • Keresztes B. (2002): Magfüvesek pókfaunájának vizsgálata. VIII. Ifjúsági Tudományos Fórum, Keszthely, 2002. március 28. elektronikus (CD) kiadvány. • Kocsner N. – Nádasy M. – Keresztes B. – Pekár Sz. (2005): A gombaszúnyogok elleni védekezés entomopatogén nematodákkal. 51. Növényvédelmi Tudományos Napok, Budapest, 2005. február 22–23., Összefoglalók, 20. • Keresztes B. – Marczali Zs. – Nádasy M. – Keszthelyi S. (2008): Keszthely környéki burgonyatáblák lombszintjében előforduló hasznos ízeltlábú fajok vizsgálata. 54. Növényvédelmi Tudományos Napok, Budapest, 2008. február 27– 28., Összefoglalók, 73. • Keresztes B. – Nagy V. (2011): A selyemmályva (Abutilon teophrasti [Medicus 1787]) kártevői, különös tekintettel a Liorhyssus hyalinus (Fabricius 1794) üvegszárnyú poloskára. XXI. Keszthelyi Növényvédelmi Fórum, Keszthely, 2011. január 26–28., Kiadványban összefoglalóként, 82.

16 • Keresztes B. – Varga I. (2012): Adatok a fehér fagyöngy (Viscum album Linnaeus 1753) ízeltlábú faunájához. XXII. Keszthelyi Növényvédelmi Fórum, Keszthely, 2012. január 25–27., Kiadványban összefoglalóként, 82.

4. 2. 2. Proceedings (with full text) on Hungarian language

• Keresztes B. – Sipos J. – Nádasy M. – Buda Cs. – Marczali Zs. – Márton L. (2004): A biológiai védekezés lehetőségei rovarkártevők ellen. Környezeti ártalmak és a légzőrendszer, XIV. országos konferencia, Hévíz, 2004. október 20– 21. Környezeti ártalmak és a légzőrendszer, XIV. kötet, 175–182. • Lehoczky É. – Béres I. – Fischl G. – Nádasy M. – Keresztes B. – Sárkány E. Sz. (2009): Az ürömlevelű parlagfű (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) hatékony visszaszorítási lehetőségeinek vizsgálata. XIX. Keszthelyi Növényvédelmi Fórum, Keszthely, 2009. február 4–6., Kiadványban teljes terjedelemben 112–114. • Fodor A. – Böszörményi E. – Lehoczky É. – Marczali Zs. – Keresztes B. (2011): Entomopatogén fonálféreg – baktérium szimbiózis filogenetikai analízise legújabb eredményeink tükrében. XXI. Keszthelyi Növényvédelmi Fórum, Keszthely, 2011. január 26–28., Kiadványban teljes terjedelemben 45–49. • Sepsi E. – Pelczéder T. – Gombai B. – Benczés B. – Keresztes B. – Marczali Zs. (2013): A ZÖLDPAJZS® EK-MŰTRÁGYA hatása liszteske, levéltetű és kétfoltos takácsatka ellen használt természetes ellenségekre. XXIII. Keszthelyi Növényvédelmi Fórum, Keszthely, 2013. január 23–25., Georgikon for Agriculture (Magyar nyelvű különszám) 16 (1): 146–151.

17 4. 2. 3. Proceedings on foreign language

• Keresztes B. – Szinetár Cs. – Takács A. – Fekete A. (2002): Faunal survey of the spiders in area of the Kis-Balaton before inundating of second part. 20TH European Colloquium of Arachnology, Szombathely, Hungary. 22–26th July, 2002. Abstracts, 66. • Nádasy M. – Sáringer Gy. – Marczali Zs. – Keresztes B. – Németh T. – Horváth J. – Kazinczi G. – Takács A. (2008): Important potato pests in Hungary. Global Potato Conference 2008, New Delhi, India, 9–12th December, 2008. Abstracts, 134. • Nádasy M. – Németh T. – Takács J. – Marczali Zs. – Keresztes B. – Nádasy E. (2009): The past, the present and the future of the Western Corn Rootworm in Hungary. 9th Slovenian Conference On Plant Protection, Nova Gorica, Slovenija, 4–5th March, 2009. Abstracts 123.

4. 2. 4. Proceedings (with full text) on foreign language

• Kocsner N. – Nádasy M. – Szeglet P. – Keresztes B. – Pekár Sz. (2005): Protection against mushroom flies using entomopathogenic nematodes. 7th Slovenian Conference On Plant Protection, Zreče, Slovenija, 8–10th March, 2005. Supplement, 470–474. • Keresztes B. – Nádasy M. – Marczali Zs. (2009): Effect of insecticides as chemical stressors on harmful and useful of potato fields. 8th Alps-Adria Scientific Workshop, Neum, , 27. April – 02. May, 2009. Cereal Research Communications 2009/37 Supplement 2, 225–228.

18 • Nádasy, M. – Keresztes, B. – Lehoczky, É. – Marczali, Zs. (2009): Possibilities of biological control with insects against ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.). 5th International Plant Protection Symposium at University of Debrecen, 20–22th October, 2009. Debrecen, Hungary. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2009/38 Supplement, 112–116. • Fodor A. – Böszörményi E. – Keresztes B. – Marczali Zs. – Lehoczky É. (2011): Co-evolutionary aspects of soil-born entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium symbioses. 10th Alps-Adria Scientific Workshop, Opatija, , 14–19th March, 2011. Növénytermelés (Crop Production) 2011/60 Supplement, 455–458. • Nagy V. – Keresztes B. – Nádasy E. (2011): Study of the pest community of velvetleaf (Abutilon teophrasti Medic.). 63rd ISCP, Ghent, Belgium. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences 76 (2): 533–536. (http://www.iscp.ugent.be/proceedings%2063.pdf) • Nagy V. – Keresztes B. – Nádasy E. (2012): Study of the biological control possibilities with pests against velvetleaf (Abutilon teophrasti Medic.) in Hungary. 2nd International Symposium of Bio-Pesticides and Ecotoxicological Network, Bangkok, Thailand, 24–26th September, 2012. Full Paper Proceeding Book, 293– 299.

4. 2. 5. Articles in Hungarian (reviewed) Journals

• Nagy V. – Keresztes B. (2010): Adatok a selyemmályva (Abutilon theophrasti MEDICUS 1787) kártevő együtteséhez. Növényvédelem, 46 (8): 371–376. • Varga I. – Keresztes B. – Poczai P. (2012): Adatok a fehér fagyöngy (Viscum album) hazai rovarfaunájához. Növényvédelem, 48 (4): 153–164. • Simon F. – Budai P. – Keresztes B. – Marczali Zs. (2012): Egyes dió kártevők összehasonlító vizsgálata üzemi dióültetvényekben és szórvány diófákon. Növényvédelem, 48 (6): 249–256.

19 4. 2. 6. Other publications

• Szinetár Cs. – Keresztes B. (2003): A Látrányi Puszta Természetvédelmi Terület pókfaunisztikai (Araneae) vizsgálatának eredményei. Natura Somogyiensis, 5: 59– 76. • Keresztes B. (2009): Ismét felszaporodóban a négylábúatka-félék (Acari: Eriophyoidea). Őstermelő Gazdálkodók Lapja, 3: 65–67.

20