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Type of Paper: Code Transcript Q&A Unlocking South Africa’s Potential: The Challenge for New Political Parties Dr Mamphela Ramphele Political Activist; Founder, Agang South Africa Party; Managing Director, World Bank (2000- 04) Chair: Tony Dykes Director, ACTSA (Action for Southern Africa) 28 May 2013 The views expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of Chatham House, its staff, associates or Council. Chatham House is independent and owes no allegiance to any government or to any political body. It does not take institutional positions on policy issues. This document is issued on the understanding that if any extract is used, the author(s)/ speaker(s) and Chatham House should be credited, preferably with the date of the publication or details of the event. Where this document refers to or reports statements made by speakers at an event every effort has been made to provide a fair representation of their views and opinions, but the ultimate responsibility for accuracy lies with this document’s author(s). The published text of speeches and presentations may differ from delivery. Transcript: Unlocking South Africa’s Potential Question 1: Having been involved in the mining industry in South Africa, with Gold Fields, I was just interested to know from your perspective, in your vision for South Africa, where do you see – as you know, resources is almost the base of our economy. How would you like to see that being funnelled and used to develop our economy, and where do you think it will go in the medium to short term? Question 2: Could you outline the differences between your party and the Democratic Alliance, and perhaps explain why you weren’t able to throw in your hand together? Question 3: I was one of those passive 5 million registered voters. I can tell you now, you definitely have my vote for the upcoming election. But one of the things that they said on the radio, I remember, when you were there and you were speaking to the youth to say you are launching a new political party – I wanted to call in and say that one of the things that I realize is that as a South African, if you have to make a vote – I’m black so the vote is either you have to vote ANC or you don’t vote. So if you’re mad you say, I’m not going to vote at all – which is actually wrong, but I think a couple of months ago they said that black voters still view the DA as still a white supremacist party, that if we ever were to elect them we would go back to apartheid. Not a version of apartheid but maybe a different version of it. What I like about your party is that it represents us as the youth, because we are frustrated and we are at that point where we don’t see a solution. We look at the ANC, it’s a big organization – sorry. Basically, what I’m trying to say is you do have my vote and I hope we get to a point where Agang gets to that level where we can affect policy and we can change some of the things that we don’t like about our country at this present time. Thank you. Mamphela Ramphele: I clearly spent a lot of my professional life in the mining sector, as Anglo [American plc] director and later as a chair of Gold Fields. As a citizen of South Africa, I’m very proud of the resources sector and the contribution it has made to the country. But I also spoke… to say that I’m sad that the South www.chathamhouse.org 2 Transcript: Unlocking South Africa’s Potential African mining industry has not taken the opportunity of making the transition from the 19th-century model of mining, which is a mass low-skill, low-wages approach, to what in Australia – using some of our intellectual resources from South Africa, the Australians are mining like a 21st-century country. They are streaking ahead of South Africa in many ways as a mining country and as a more attractive place for investors. So my view is – and this is very strongly stated in our policy framework – we have to push very hard for the restructuring of the mining industry so we can mechanize more and get those people who will lose jobs to be retrained for the kind of jobs that are higher-paying and will be more sustainable. There is also a natural link between the Eastern Cape, which has got the most fertile land in South Africa, which has traditionally – for more than a century – sent its most able-bodied men to the mines; they can now retain their people there. But that will require a restructuring of our approach to agriculture. So we can go into more intensive agriculture, and also grow industrial crops. There is also another opportunity for the mining industry. The mining industry owns vast tracts of land that are contaminated, but you can still grow industrial crops on them. But the mining industry just regards it as a dead asset. They are actually, literally, zero on the balance sheet. So we are sitting on a huge asset base in terms of both the mining industry and agriculture. If you can clasp them together in a very creative way, we can have an unmatched growth potential as a country, sustainable into the future, and thinking about all the industrial benefits that will come from re- industrializing the whole approach to mining and to agriculture. So that’s that. The issue of Agang and the DA, I think actually the comment there just explains to you why. It is not an accident that 5 million people registered in 2009 and chose not to vote. They did not want to vote for the African National Congress, nor did they want to vote for the DA. So there is in fact an evidence-based case for Agang. What South Africans are saying – and these are largely young people. Some of them are children of people like me, who were freedom fighters, but they would not vote – they will not vote – for the current offerings. Agang is a new offering that is coming into a space which is going to become even bigger with the ‘born frees’ who really don’t believe that the country should be held hostage by liberation politics and by the claims by the DA and the ANC over who was more involved. Obviously we respect the role that people played in the liberation struggle. I was one of those people. But we cannot be a nation that is held hostage by its past. We know what happened www.chathamhouse.org 3 Transcript: Unlocking South Africa’s Potential to Lot’s wife, who kept looking back instead of looking forward. Agang is a party of the future. We are focusing on young people – as I said, the 15-to-34- year-olds are 60 per cent of the country. So the country is majority young, and yet these two parties that are the big parties right now are really more establishment, more older people like me. You may well ask: what are you doing? I’m doing what I’m doing because I believe you need a bridge between my generation of freedom fighters and the young people who want a different South Africa. They don’t want to be held hostage by the past. They want to build a South Africa that is united in its diversity, that is forward-looking and that is a real creative force on the African continent and in global affairs. Tony Dykes: Thank you. I’ll take the last comment as just a message of support, if we may. Question 4: I have three questions, very brief. Can you please elaborate on campaign finance issues in South Africa, given your reference to Chancellor House? The second is in relation to the structural labour issues that you see and how one can actually deliver on this economic transformation, given very strong structural linkages between the ANC and vested interests? The third relates to your view with respect to South Africa’s role on the continent, given recent developments with BRICS. Question 5: I left South Africa about 11 years ago to further my education in the US. At the time I had full intention to return to South Africa, but because of a lot of the reasons you have mentioned tonight, I haven’t. Mainly because I think there hasn’t been enough opportunity and frankly because I’m scared of crime and the social situation. I know that a lot of my friends in the US and the UK think that way. So my question to you is: how do you intend to speak to people like me, and I’m sure there are a lot of those people in the room, and what are the ways in which you intend to draw us back? First of all, we can move back, and I know there’s a massive brain-drain problem, but second of all, there are ways to attract funds, in terms of FDI or charity or philanthropy. Then the last one, and I’m embarrassed to say this, but I’ve never actually voted in an election. So there are ways to reach the overseas community and encourage them to vote for parties like yourselves. Thank you. www.chathamhouse.org 4 Transcript: Unlocking South Africa’s Potential Question 6: I covered South Africa for the Financial Times between 1984 and 1989, which was an absolutely wonderful and fascinating period.
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