Weight Relationships for 19 Labrid Species from the Southern Atlantic Ocean

Received: 24 December 2015 | Accepted: 12 May 2016 DOI: 10.1111/jai.13179

TECHNICAL CONTRIBUTION

Length–weight relationships for 19 labrid species from the southern Atlantic Ocean

G. C. Cardozo-Ferreira | J.-C. Joyeux

Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Summary Federal Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Length–weight relationships were estimated for 19 labrid species occurring in the Santo, Brazil southern Atlantic Ocean. Data were collected from 175 specimens between July Correspondence 2013 and February 2014. Most specimens were obtained from ichthyological collec- Gabriel Costa Cardozo-Ferreira, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento tions, but some were spear-fished. Labridae is one of the most diverse and repre- de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade sentative fish families in reef systems. Relationships are novel for 13 of the species, Federal Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. with the remainder representing an increase in their geographic extension or size Email: [email protected] range.

1 | INTRODUCTION amplifying the geographic origin of the specimens). We had also collected specimens at Trindade Island (1,200 km from the Brazilian Labridae (sensus Westneat & Alfaro, 2005) are one of the most coast) and in Arraial do Cabo (state of Rio de Janeiro), which were species-rich families in reef systems, comprising roughly 616 spe- then fixed in 10% formalin, preserved in 70% ethanol and de- cies (Randall & Parenti, 2014), remarkably diverse (Parenti & Randall, posited at CIUFES. Newly acquired specimens were stored for a 2011), and of striking ecological importance. This family also com- minimum of 3 months before measuring, to avoid morphological prises a variety of trophic guilds and functional groups reflecting distortions in comparison to those specimens already in the collec- a diversity that is of fundamental relevance to the health mainte- tions. The origin of the specimens is given in Table 1. A total of 175 nance of coral reef systems. Length–weight relationships (LWRs) individuals distributed in 19 species were analyzed, with standard are a fundamental tool to estimate the biomass of species in stud- lengths (SL) measured to the nearest 0.05 mm and weights (W) at a ies where weighing the fishes is not desirable or possible (Macieira 0.01 g precision for the smallest specimens and 5 g for the largest & Joyeux, 2008). Of the 19 species analyzed herein, only six have ones. The growth equation model W = aSLb was adopted, where had previously estimated LWRs and, in some cases, only for juve- W is the weight in g, SL is the standard length in cm, a is a con- niles (Bohnsack & Harper, 1988; Bouchon-Navaro, Bouchon, Kopp, stant, and b the allometric coefficient (Froese, 2006), computed & Louis, 2006; Edelist, 2014; Macieira & Joyeux, 2008; Stergiou & from the linear regression of natural logarithm-transformed length Moutopoulos, 2001). In this work we provide 13 novel LWR models and weight data. for labrid species plus six other species using data over wider geographic or size range. 3 | RESULTS

2 | MATERIALS AND METHODS Length–weight relationships for 19 southern Atlantic Labridae are provided (Table 2). Most regressions showed high significance Specimens were primarily obtained from CIUFES (Ichthyological levels (p ≤ .001), except for Scarus trispinosus and Scarus zelindae Collection of Federal University of Espírito Santo), MZUSP (p = .002). The coefficients of determination (r²) ranged between (Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo) and ZUEC-PIS .963 (Xyrichtys novacula) and .999 (for six species), and the mean (Ichthyological Collection of the Museum of Zoology of the State (±SD) slope b was 3.07 ± 0.10, ranging from 2.86 (Doratonotus meg- University of Campinas) to provide a good size-coverage (greatly alepis) to 3.20 (Halichoeres dimidiatus and Sparisoma frondosum).

TABLE 1 Geographical range of occurrence and origin of specimens analyzed for 19 Labridae fishes, southern Atlantic

Species Geographic rangea Origin of specimens (n)

Bodianus pulchellus (Poey, 1860) Tropical western Atlantic Trindade (1); Espírito Santo (3); São Tomé and Príncipe (6); Rio de Janeiro (2); Pernambuco (1) Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus, 1758) Tropical western Atlantic Trindade (3); Espírito Santo (6); Bahia (1); Clepticus brasiliensis (Heiser, Moura, & Robertson, Brazil Trindade (2); Rio de Janeiro (1); São Paulo (5); 2000) Espírito Santo (3) Doratonotus megalepis (Günther, 1862) Western Atlantic, Florida to São Espírito Santo (4); Bahia (3); São Paulo (1) Paulo Halichoreres brasiliensis (Bloch, 1791) Brazil Trindade (5); Espírito Santo (4) Halichoeres dimidiatus (Agassiz, 1831) Brazil Espírito Santo (9); Halichoeres penrosei (Starks, 1913) Southeastern Brazil, and Trindade Trindade (12) Islandc Halichoeres poeyi (Steindachner, 1867) Western Atlantic, Panama to Santa Trindade (3); Bahia (2); Espírito Santo (5) Catarina Halichoeres rubrovirens (Rocha, Pinheiro & Gasparini, Vitória-Trindade Chain (VTC) Trindade (9); Vitoria Bank – VTC (1) 2010) Scarus trispinosus (Valenciennes, 1840) Brazil—southwestern Atlanticb Abrolhos Bank (11); Espírito Santo (1) Scarus zelindae (Moura, Figueiredo, & Sazima, 2001) Brazil—southwestern Atlanticb Espírito Santo (2); Rio de Janeiro (1); Pernambuco (1) Sparisoma amplum (Ranzani, 1841) Brazil—southwestern Atlanticb Trindade (4); Abrolhos Bank (5); Espírito Santo (3) Sparisoma axillare (Steindachner, 1878) Brazil—southwestern Atlanticb Espírito Santo (5); Abrolhos Bank (1); Rio de Janeiro (2); Rio Grande do Norte (1); São Paulo (2) Sparisoma frondosum (Agassiz, 1831) Brazil—Southwestern Atlantic Fernando de Noronha (1); Rio de Janeiro (4); Rio Grande do Norte (1); Sparisoma rocha (Pinheiro, Gasparini & Sazima, 2010) Vitória-Trindade Chain (VTC) Trindade (7); Columbia Bank – VTC (2); Sparisoma tuiupiranga (Gasparini, Joyeux & Floeter, Brazild Rio de Janeiro (3); Espírito Santo (4) 2003) Thalassoma noronhanum (Boulenger, 1890) Brazil Trindade (5); Espírito Santo (6) Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus, 1758) Pan-Atlantic Trindade (6); São Tomé and Príncipe (2) Xyrichtys splendens (Castelnau, 1855) Pan-Atlantic Trindade (7) aBased on references: Moura, Gasparini, and Sazima (1999); Moura et al. (2001); Heiser et al. (2000); Gomon (2006); Sampaio and Nottingham (2008); Parenti and Randall (2011); Pinheiro et al. (2015). bExcept oceanic islands. cAbsent from oceanic islands Atol das Rocas, Fernando de Noronha and St. Paul’s Rocks. dPlus southernmost tip of the Caribbean.

4 | DISCUSSION X. splendens) the juvenile phase. The new estimates for LWRs provided in this work contribute to the knowledge of one of the most This work provides the first LWR estimates for Bodianus pulchellus, representative and important family of fishes on coral reefs, inclusive Clepticus brasiliensis, D. megalepis, H. dimidiatus, Halichoeres penrosei, of six species considered endangered (H. rubrovirens, S. trispinosus, Halichoeres rubrovirens, S. trispinosus, S. zelindae, Sparisoma amplum, S. zelindae, S. axillare, S. frondosum and S. rocha) under national or in- S. frondosum, Sparisoma rocha, Sparisoma tuiupiranga and Thalassoma ternational legislation (MMA, 2014; IUCN, 2015). noronanhum (Table 2). Many of the analyzed species are endemic to the Brazilian province (Table 1); one species, S. trispinosus, is clas- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS sified as endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN, 2015). For species with previously published LWRs, we have The authors thank Ivan Sazima, Karina Rebelo, and José Lima de provided a geographic coverage enlarged to include the southern Figueiredo for their help at ZUEC-PIS and MZUSP, Juan Pablo Atlantic Ocean (Bodianus rufus, X. novacula and Xyrichtys splendens) Quimbayo for help in collecting specimens, Cmde R. Otoch, SECIRM and LWR parameters extended toward (B. rufus, X. splendens) or be- and Marinha do Brazil for logistics on Trindade Island, and CNPq yond (Halichoeres brasiliensis, Halichoeres poeyi, Sparisoma axillare, (grant 405426/2012-7 to JCJ) for funding. Costa Cardozo-Ferreira and Joyeux | 3 .998 .998 .997 .998 .995 .995 .999 .999 .997 .991 .999 .998 .976 .999 .999 .999 .998 .963 .987 r ² p ) .002 .002 .001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 sig ( b 3.03–3.21 3.01–3.22 3.05–3.33 2.82–3.02 2.83–3.20 2.90–3.27 3.03–3.18 2.97–3.13 2.94–3.20 2.59–3.14 3.04–3.22 3.08–3.32 2.11–3.79 2.94–3.21 3.15–3.26 3.07–3.20 2.96–3.24 2.51–3.74 2.74–3.38 95% CI of 3.12 3.11 3.19 2.92 3.03 3.08 3.10 3.05 3.07 2.86 3.13 3.20 2.95 2.95 3.20 3.14 3.10 3.13 3.06 b a 0.0151–0.0233 0.0140–0.0254 0.0112–0.0236 0.0152–0.0216 0.0098–0.0219 0.0072–0.0190 0.0166–0.0250 0.0185–0.0287 0.0128–0.0125 0.0199–0.0430 0.0109–0.0182 0.0079–0.0146 0.0018–0.8343 0.0162–0.0301 0.0147–0.0199 0.0155–0.0212 0.0179–0.0321 0.0032–0.0695 0.0071–0.0312 95% CI of 0.0187 0.0195 0.0162 0.0181 0.0146 0.0117 0.0204 0.0231 0.0166 0.0292 0.0140 0.0107 0.0384 0.0220 0.0171 0.0181 0.0239 0.0149 0.0149 Parameters of LRW a a and b for 19 Labridae species, southern Atlantic Ocean 268.84 1,620 394.35 23.68 85.71 207.1 1,235 2,070 46.34 6.61 945 372.29 5,285 426.47 880 810 99.93 75.38 56.12 Max ) parameters b 0.10 0.34 0.80 0.37 0.92 0.07 2.30 0.50 0.85 0.35 1.73 2.30 0.26 1.17 0.25 0.48 6.70 0.30 250.06 Weight (g) Min W = a SL 6.5 21.5 37.8 23.3 11.9 18.3 22.9 33.9 43.6 12.8 35 27 55.6 23.7 29.2 30.5 15.1 15.3 13.7 Max 1.6 2.4 3.4 2.8 3.8 1.7 4.6 2.8 3.5 2.3 4.8 5.7 2.2 3.7 2.3 2.5 7.4 2.7 19.5 Length (cm) Min weight relationship ( 8 9 9 5 6 6 9 8 8 9 13 10 11 12 10 10 10 11 11 N a a a a a b a a b a b,c b a c a a a a c al., 2000) al., 2001) N , sample size; a intercept; b, slope; CI, confidence interval; r ², coefficient of determination. (Boulenger, 1890) (Bloch, 1791) (Rocha, Pinheiro & Gasparini, 2010) (Günther, 1862) (Agassiz, 1831) (Gasparini, Joyeux & Floeter, 2003) (Agassiz, 1831) (Starks, 1913) (Castelnau, 1855) (Poey, 1860) (Ranzani, 1841) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Valenciennes, 1840) (Steindachner, 1867) (Pinheiro, Gasparini & Sazima, 2010) (Linnaeus, 1758) Species Bodianus rufus Clepticus brasiliensis (Heiser et Doratonotus megalepis Halichoeres poeyi Halichoeres rubrovirens Scarus trispinosus Sparisoma axillare (Steindachner, 1878) Sparisoma frondosum Xyrichtys novacula Halichoreres brasiliensis Halichoeres dimidiatus Halichoeres penrosei Scarus zelindae (Moura et Sparisoma amplum Sparisoma rocha Sparisoma tuiupiranga Thalassoma noronhanum Xyrichtys splendens Bodianus pulchellus LWR parameters estimated at increased size range. New LWR. New location. TABLE 2 Descriptive statistics of data and estimates for length- a b c Lengths, standard length; 4 | Costa Cardozo-Ferreira and Joyeux

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