DOCSLIB.ORG

Analysis and Construction of Engaging Facial Forms and Expressions: Interdisciplinary Approaches from Art, Anatomy, Engineering, Cultural Studies, and Psychology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Analysis and Construction of Engaging Facial Forms and Expressions: Interdisciplinary Approaches from Art, Anatomy, Engineering, Cultural Studies, and Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2013 Analysis and Construction of Engaging Facial Forms and Expressions: Interdisciplinary Approaches from Art, Anatomy, Engineering, Cultural Studies, and Psychology Leejin Kim Virginia Commonwealth University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the Interdisciplinary Arts and Media Commons © The Author Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/567 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Leejin Kim 2013 All Images are made by Leejin Kim, unless indicated. All Rights Reserved Analysis and Construction of Engaging Facial Forms and Expressions: Interdisciplinary Approaches from Art, Anatomy, Engineering, Cultural Studies, and Psychology. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. by Leejin Kim M.F.A. University of Pennsylvania, 2008 B.F.A. Seoul National University, 2005 Director: David Golumbia Assistant Professor, Department of English Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia December, 2013 ii Acknowledgement I would like to thank my parents for their love, support, and patience during the four years it has taken me to graduate. I would like to thank my fiancé, Kyungjin, for his love and support. I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Golumbia and my research advisor Dr. Motai for their help and direction with this project. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. Rhee and Professor Wallin for their help and direction. Last but not least, I would like to thank Seonyoung for collaborating with me for this project. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... iii List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... vi List of Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. viii Abstract .................................................................................................................................... xii Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 I. Survey of anatomical, psychological, and technological approaches to sympathetic face and facial expression construction ............................................................................................. 4 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4 2. Facial Anatomy ................................................................................................................ 4 2.1 Facial Skeleton .......................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Facial Expression Muscles ........................................................................................ 7 2.3 Anatomical References for facial and expression construction. ............................. 10 3. Psychological Face Recognition .................................................................................... 13 3.1 Bruce and Young Model .......................................................................................... 14 3.2 The Multidimensional Face Space Model (MDFS) ................................................ 15 3.3 Configural and featural face processing .................................................................. 17 3.4 Pictorial Codes and structural codes in face processing ......................................... 17 4. Attractive Face ............................................................................................................... 19 4.1 Aesthetics of a face ................................................................................................. 20 4.2 Aesthetics of pictorial codes ................................................................................... 28 5. Realistic 3D Virtual Face Construction Techniques ...................................................... 30 5.1 Modeling ................................................................................................................. 31 5.2 Texture Mapping ..................................................................................................... 32 5.3 Coloring & Texturing .............................................................................................. 33 6. Face and Facial Expression Construction Techniques ................................................... 33 6.1 Face Construction .................................................................................................... 35 6.2 Facial expression creation techniques ..................................................................... 37 6.3 Facial Expression Categorization ......................................................................... 39 7. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 40 II. Bezier Curve-based 3D Facial Customization .................................................................. 42 iv 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 42 2. Related Studies............................................................................................................... 44 3. Bezier curve-based 3D facial customization (BCFC) .................................................... 45 3.1 Facial Lines for Customization ............................................................................... 45 3.2 Gender Customization ............................................................................................. 53 3.3 Racial Customization .............................................................................................. 56 3.4 Fat and Aging Customization .................................................................................. 59 4. Experiment and Discussions .......................................................................................... 61 5. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 67 III. Multi-layered Facial Action Model ................................................................................ 68 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 68 2. Related Studies............................................................................................................... 69 2.1 Performance-driven approach ................................................................................. 70 2.2 Bland shape-based approach ................................................................................... 71 2.3 Anatomy-based approach ........................................................................................ 71 2.4 Emotion-based approach ......................................................................................... 72 3. Multi-layered Facial Action Model (MFAM) ................................................................ 73 3.1 Motion Units ........................................................................................................... 74 3.2 Constraint and Skin Physics Set Up ........................................................................ 76 3.3 Facial Expression .................................................................................................... 79 4. Experiment and Discussions .......................................................................................... 83 5. Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 89 IV. Overview of Culturally-specific attractive Face: Kot-mi-nam - Male faces in Korean Popular Culture ........................................................................................................................ 90 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 90 2. Korean terms illustrating men’s certain looks and facial expressions ........................... 91 2.1 Terms denoting Men’s particular looks - Kot-Mi-Nam, Gi-saeng-o-ra-bi, Je-bi-jok, and Idol, Yun-ha-nam, Mi-so-nyeon, Yeon-ha-nam .......................................................... 91 2.2 Korean Terms for Attractive/Adorable Facial Expressions and gestures: ae-gyo, zzing-gut, and me-rong ..................................................................................................... 96 3. Visual Analysis of Kot-mi-nam Images ......................................................................... 97 3.1 Facial Analysis of an average 3D kot-mi-nam face ...............................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Behind the Mask the Real Face of Corporate Social Responsibility Contents Christian Aid/Liz Stuart
    Behind the mask The real face of corporate social responsibility Contents Christian Aid/Liz Stuart Above: People from communities living around Coca-Cola’s bottling plant in Kerala, India, protesting about the company’s use of their ground water. Front cover: A Shell oil spill in Ogoni. Loveday Fomsi looks into a polluted stream, formerly a source of drinking water. Front cover photo: Sophia Evans/NB Pictures Behind the mask: The real face of CSR 1 Section 1 Unmasking CSR 4 Section 2 Sustained misery: Shell in the Niger Delta 22 Hooked on tobacco: BAT in Kenya 34 Living its values: Coca-Cola in India 44 Section 3 From CSR to corporate social accountability 50 Notes 60 Behind the mask The real face of CSR ‘We have lived so long at the mercy of uncontrolled economic forces, that we have become sceptical about any plan for human emancipation. Such a rational and deliberate reorganisation of our economic life would enable us, out of the increased wealth production, to establish an irreducible minimum standard which might progressively be raised to one of comfort and security.’ Lord Harold Macmillan, UK Prime Minister 1957-631 All day a steady file of people make their way up and Sadly, this story of failure is not new. In 1990, when 1 down the potholed main road running through the country was under military rule, local young Umuechem, going to and from a polluted stream people mounted a protest about the lack of such that is now their only source of water. Large trucks facilities. Shell called in the police, most of the thunder by at regular intervals, on their way to and town was burned to the ground and 80 people from the oil pumping station on the outskirts of were killed.
    [Show full text]
  • Hyper-Realistic Face Masks: a New Challenge in Person Identification
    Sanders et al. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications (2017) 2:43 Cognitive Research: Principles DOI 10.1186/s41235-017-0079-y and Implications ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Hyper-realistic face masks: a new challenge in person identification Jet Gabrielle Sanders1*, Yoshiyuki Ueda2, Kazusa Minemoto2, Eilidh Noyes1, Sakiko Yoshikawa2 and Rob Jenkins1 Abstract We often identify people using face images. This is true in occupational settings such as passport control as well as in everyday social environments. Mapping between images and identities assumes that facial appearance is stable within certain bounds. For example, a person’s apparent age, gender and ethnicity change slowly, if at all. It also assumes that deliberate changes beyond these bounds (i.e., disguises) would be easy to spot. Hyper-realistic face masks overturn these assumptions by allowing the wearer to look like an entirely different person. If unnoticed, these masks break the link between facial appearance and personal identity, with clear implications for applied face recognition. However, to date, no one has assessed the realism of these masks, or specified conditions under which they may be accepted as real faces. Herein, we examined incidental detection of unexpected but attended hyper- realistic masks in both photographic and live presentations. Experiment 1 (UK; n = 60) revealed no evidence for overt detection of hyper-realistic masks among real face photos, and little evidence of covert detection. Experiment 2 (Japan; n = 60) extended these findings to different masks, mask-wearers and participant pools. In Experiment 3 (UK and Japan; n = 407), passers-by failed to notice that a live confederate was wearing a hyper-realistic mask and showed limited evidence of covert detection, even at close viewing distance (5 vs.
    [Show full text]
  • L'elysée Montmartre Ticket Reservation
    A member of X-Japan in France ! Ra :IN in Paris the 5th of May 2005 Gfdgfd We have the pleasure to announce that the solo band of PATA (ex-X-Japan), Ra :IN, will perform live at the Elysee Montmartre in Paris (France) the 5th of May 2005. " Ra:IN " (pronounced "rah'een")----is an amazing unique, powerful new rock trio consisting of PATA (guitar-Tomoaki Ishizuka), one of the guitarists from the legendary Japanese rock band X Japan, michiaki (bass-Michiaki Suzuki), originally from another legendary Yokohama based rock band TENSAW, and Tetsu Mukaiyama (drums), who supported various bands and musicians such as Red Warriors and CoCCo. " Ra:IN " 's uniqueness comes from its musical eloquence. The three-piece band mainly delves into instrumental works, and the band's combination of colorful tones and sounds, along with the tight playing only possible with top-notch skilled players, provides an overwhelming power and energy that is what " ROCK " is all about. Just cool and heavy rhythms. But above all, don’t miss the first opportunity to see on stage in Europe a member of X-Japan, PATA (one of the last still performing). One of those that with their music, during years, warmed the heart of millions of fans in Japan and across the world. Ra :IN live in Paris website : http://parisvisualprod.free.fr Ra :IN website : http://www.rain-web.com Ticket Reservation Europe : Pre-Sales on Official Event Website : http://parisvisualprod.free.fr Japan : For Fan tour, please contact : [email protected] Worlwide (From 01st of March 2005) : TICKETNET
    [Show full text]
  • ITU AI/ML in 5G Challenge Open House and Roundtable No. 2 19 August 2020 Regional Hosts for Global Round 1
    ITU AI/ML in 5G Challenge Open House and Roundtable No. 2 19 August 2020 Regional Hosts for Global Round 1. China 2. Spain 1 3. Spain 2 4. Brazil 5. India 6. Ireland 7. United States of America 8. Japan 9. Turkey 10. Adlik/ZTE Sponsors and Promotional Partners Sponsorship Challenge Promotion ➢ Cisco Systems and ZTE ❖ LF AI Foundation: ❖ SG Innovate (Singapore): ❖ Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance: ITU AI/ML in 5G Challenge: Registrations We have more than 400 Registrations Over 50 countries Professionals 45% 55% Students The Grand Challenge Finale Tentative Schedule: To take place in mid- December (15 – 17 Dec, 2020) 15 Dec, 2020 16 Dec, 2020 17 Dec, 2020 Opening Ceremony Sponsor Session Invited Talk Sponsor Session Finals Presentation Sponsor Session Finals Presentation Finals Presentation Sponsor Session Finals Presentation Invited Talk Prize Presentation Invited Talk Finals Presentation Closing Ceremony Finals Presentation: Participants or teams that are invited to take part in the final conference and compete for the ITU Challenge Prizes. 10 - 15 minutes presentation including Q&A. ITU AI/ML in 5G Challenge: Prizes Participants/Teams across different problem statements will compete for the following titles and prizes: ➢ 1st prize: “ITU AI/ML in 5G Challenge Gold Champion”: 5,000 CHF ➢ 2nd prize: “ITU AI/ML in 5G Challenge Silver Champion”: 3,000 CHF ➢ 3rd prize: “ITU AI/ML in 5G Challenge Bronze Champion”: 2,000 CHF​ 3 Runners up will receive 1, 000 CHF each ITU Prizes Internship/collaboration Team-1 /job offer….. Team-2 Host-1 Team-3 Team-N Judges Final Judges Top 3 Challenge winning Teams st filter event filter - 1 prize: 5kCHF - 2nd prize: 3k - 3rd prize: 2k Team-1 3 Challenge runners up Team-2 - 1k each Host-N Team-3 Honorable mention Team-N certificates 300 CHF for winner of each problem statement Some regional hosts provide additional prizes.
    [Show full text]
  • “PRESENCE” of JAPAN in KOREA's POPULAR MUSIC CULTURE by Eun-Young Ju
    TRANSNATIONAL CULTURAL TRAFFIC IN NORTHEAST ASIA: THE “PRESENCE” OF JAPAN IN KOREA’S POPULAR MUSIC CULTURE by Eun-Young Jung M.A. in Ethnomusicology, Arizona State University, 2001 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2007 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Eun-Young Jung It was defended on April 30, 2007 and approved by Richard Smethurst, Professor, Department of History Mathew Rosenblum, Professor, Department of Music Andrew Weintraub, Associate Professor, Department of Music Dissertation Advisor: Bell Yung, Professor, Department of Music ii Copyright © by Eun-Young Jung 2007 iii TRANSNATIONAL CULTURAL TRAFFIC IN NORTHEAST ASIA: THE “PRESENCE” OF JAPAN IN KOREA’S POPULAR MUSIC CULTURE Eun-Young Jung, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2007 Korea’s nationalistic antagonism towards Japan and “things Japanese” has mostly been a response to the colonial annexation by Japan (1910-1945). Despite their close economic relationship since 1965, their conflicting historic and political relationships and deep-seated prejudice against each other have continued. The Korean government’s official ban on the direct import of Japanese cultural products existed until 1997, but various kinds of Japanese cultural products, including popular music, found their way into Korea through various legal and illegal routes and influenced contemporary Korean popular culture. Since 1998, under Korea’s Open- Door Policy, legally available Japanese popular cultural products became widely consumed, especially among young Koreans fascinated by Japan’s quintessentially postmodern popular culture, despite lingering resentments towards Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Temple Food Ebook
    TEMPLE FOOD PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Janet L. Doane | 208 pages | 03 Apr 2013 | Seed Publishing | 9780964951075 | English | United Kingdom Temple Food PDF Book This is not a place for idle chitchat and boisterous behavior. She has no customers. Flights Vacation Rentals Restaurants Things to do. Temple cuisine forsakes these flavors, as well as the bloat and delirium that are usually associated with the party-down, soju-dizzy, every-dish-comes-at- once mode of Korean feasting. Healthy and Tasty! Is This Your Listing? The Green Monster roll is my favorite. Since Buddhism was introduced into Korea, Buddhist traditions have strongly influenced Korean cuisine as well. New snacks on sale now for a limited time! Murasakino Daitokuji- shitamonzen-cho 53, Kita-ku, Kyoto-shi; , and accepts customers until 6 p. Freebirds World Burrito S. Date of experience: March We have been going to this restaurant since it opened several years ago and were great friends with the owners. It also means a comfortable atmosphere where you can gather with friends, take a break from studying or just hang out and relax. You can try enabling it or visiting the website with a browser that supports Javascript. Whether you want a coffee, some dessert, or a hearty meal, use Uber Eats to order something scrumptious in Temple. At least the light was low. Maximum products to compare. Skip to content. No more stressing over meal time. I sat in one of those low tables on the floor and enjoyed a beautiful traditional Korean dance in the center of the place. Get food delivered.
    [Show full text]
  • American Rejects Move Along Album Download Zip Move Along
    all american rejects move along album download zip Move Along. The All-American Rejects' effervescent 2003 hit "Swing Swing" sounded like a pop-punk adaptation of Better Than Ezra, and their sophomore effort makes this mix even more apparent. The earnest racket of an outfit like the Get Up Kids is also a component in Move Along's sound. But the Rejects blend and sculpt those influences with keyboards, choirs, pianos -- there's even a classical guitar on "Top of the World" -- and the result is superficial midrange pop with appeal for a general audience of casual listeners. (Fans of Wakefield, Something Corporate, Switchfoot, and American Hi-Fi should take note.) The Rejects rock out a little on "Night Drive," "Dirty Little Secret," and "I'm Waiting" -- the guitars crackle anxiously, and Tyson Ritter and Nick Wheeler's breathy harmonies soar like they mean it. There's also distortion somewhere in "Stab My Back," but it's buried under acoustic guitars, vocal overdubs, and mournful keyboards. Move Along has some memorable hooks, such as those on the title track or "Change Your Mind" -- and, living up to its title, it moves along efficiently, usually keeping the pace at a snappy midtempo. The songs are also impeccably arranged, even if they're relentlessly processed and some of the instrumentation seems like overkill. (A children's choir? Come on. ) In other words, it's easy to like the All-American Rejects if you're looking for 21st century mainstream rock that takes very, very few chances but does offer solid melodies and easy to swallow take/break and night/flight rhyme schemes.
    [Show full text]
  • Online Resources for Virtual Learning
    Resources for Online Learning/Teaching ● Khan Academy: great from a anatomy & physiology side of things ​ ○ https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine ○ https://www.khanacademy.org/join/PA5RUCHU - Anatomy & Physiology Class ​ ​ ○ https://www.khanacademy.org/join/799YCDVS - Growth Mindset Class ​ ​ ○ You can sign up for our class with a free account using your google login ○ Explore the resources for anatomy and physiology, growth mindset, and – there are many different things you can refresh yourself with or materials you can explore based on your interests ● Cengage: is free for students right now ​ ○ Cengage: Digital Learning & Online Textbooks ○ If you email our WA & OR Rep Christine Stark, she can probably give you free instructor access for the rest of the school year. She is GREAT and really helped me out!! ○ [email protected] ○ https://www.cengage.com/discipline-health-care/ ○ PT Tech Course - https://login.cengagebrain.com/course/MTPN-V0GP-XPDD ​ ​ ​ ● Anatomy in Clay: has some good stuff ​ ○ FREE RESOURCES | anatomyinclay ● https://www.getbodysmart.com/a-p-resources ○ This has a number of links to sites and sources that are free or that you can pay for ○ Some of my favorites so far: Human Anatomy by McGraw Hill, Anatomy Arcade, Zygotebody ● Flinn Science has some great online resources for At Home Labs, etc ​ ○ https://www.flinnsci.com/athomescience/?utm_campaign=MKT20383%20-%20Mar20-DistanceL earning-President-Email&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Net-Results&utm_content=MKT20383 %20-%20Mar20-DistanceLearning-President-Email# ● Zoom teaching -- great video on how to teach with Zoom or just use Zoom in general. ​ ○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTXUmoNsgg0&fbclid=IwAR3t9CLPZExRsDUOAyWWsL1uqx tqKjzeNOehYTsjVjYmRwYs8CQgB2qRXXU&disable_polymer=true ● Nearpod: great online tool for teachers to be able to engage their students in a live lesson.
    [Show full text]
  • ALL-AMERICAN REJECTS SET to STORM the STAGE Rock Stars Headline Duquoin State Fair
    For Immediate Release Contacts: July 1, 2019 Krista Lisser (217) 558-1546 ALL-AMERICAN REJECTS SET TO STORM THE STAGE Rock Stars Headline DuQuoin State Fair DuQuoin, IL – MTV Video Music Award winners and chart toppers, All-American Rejects will play the DuQuoin State Fair Saturday, August 24. Break out your dancing shoes! The All-American Rejects are scheduled to adorn the stage with energetic hits like “Swing Swing,” and “Move Along,” both of which won the MTV Video Music Award for Best Group Video. Their breakthrough album, “All-American Rejects,” launched them into the mainstream stratosphere when it went platinum, cementing their status as a top pop rock band with singles consistently landing on the Billboard charts. In-step with the first, their second album, “Move Along” achieved double platinum accolades generating three top 15 singles. Embracing their deep love of classical and pop music from the ’60s and ’70s, the All-American Rejects draw inspiration from legendary artists like Neil Diamond and Queen bringing a nostalgic flavor to every performance. With lyrics and catchy melodies that take you on musical expedition, it is a “must see” show. Tickets for all Grandstand concerts are on sale now at the following prices: Saturday, August 24: All-American Rejects Tier 3- $24 / Tier 2- $27 / Tier 1- $30 Sunday, August 25: Wynonnna and The Big Noise Tier 3 - $14 / Tier 2 - $17 / Tier 1 - $20 Monday, August 26: Matthew West with Leanna Crawford Tier 3- $8 / Tier 2- $10 / Tier 1- $12 Tuesday, August 27: Shenandoah and Restless Heart Tier 3 - $14 / Tier 2 - $17 / Tier 1 - $20 Wednesday, August 28: LANCO with TBA, and Murphy 500 Tier 3 - $15 / Tier 2 - $18 / Tier 1 - $25 Thursday, August 29: Whitey Morgan with Cody Canada and the Departed, and We Got It Covered Tier 3 - $15 / Tier 2 - $18 / Tier 1 - $25 Friday, August 30: TBA The Du Quoin State Fair runs from August 23rd-Spetember 2nd.
    [Show full text]
  • Artificial Intelligence: a Roadmap for California
    Artificial Intelligence: A Roadmap for California Report #245, November 2018 Milton Marks Commission on California State Government Organization and Economy Little Hoover Commission Dedicated to Promoting Economy and Efficiency Pedro Nava Chairman in California State Government Sean Varner Vice Chairman/ Subcommitee Member The Little Hoover Commission, formally known as the Milton Marks “Little Hoover” David Beier Commission on California State Government Organization and Economy, is an Subcommitee Chair independent state oversight agency created in 1962. By statute, the Commission Iveta Brigis is bipartisan and composed of nine public members, two senators and two Subcommitee Member assemblymembers. Cynthia Buiza In creating the Commission, the Legislature declared its purpose: Anthony Cannella Senator [T]o secure assistance for the Governor and itself in promoting Chad Mayes economy, efficiency and improved services in the transaction of Assemblymember the public business in the various departments, agencies and Don Perata instrumentalities of the executive branch of the state government, Bill Quirk and in making the operation of all state departments, agencies and Assemblymember instrumentalities, and all expenditures of public funds, more directly Richard Roth responsive to the wishes of the people as expressed by their elected Senator representatives. Cathy Schwamberger The Commission fulfills this charge by holding public hearings, consulting with experts Janna Sidley and listening to stakeholders. During the course of its studies, the Commission may Former Commissioners Who create subcommittees and conduct site visits. Served During The Study Joshua LaFarga The findings and recommendations of the Commission are submitted to the Governor and the Legislature for their consideration. Recommendations often take the form of Helen Iris Torres legislation, which the Commission supports through the legislative process.
    [Show full text]
  • The Formal and Contextual Relation of Typographic and Visual Elements of Pj Harvey Album Covers
    THE FORMAL AND CONTEXTUAL RELATION OF TYPOGRAPHIC AND VISUAL ELEMENTS OF PJ HARVEY ALBUM COVERS Cinla Seker The aim of this research is to determine 21st century’s formal and contextual design solutions with the guidance of graphic design principles by analyzing design products. Twenty-nine times nominated and six times winner for the international worldwide music awards Pj Harvey’s eight alternative rock studio album covers have chosen; Dry (1992), Rid of Me (1993), To Bring You My Love (1995), Is this Desire?(1998), Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea (2000), Uh Huh Her (2004), White Chalk (2007), Let England Shake (2011).Graphic design as a design discipline in special means determining the formals of a 2d before production process according to the context. Album covers are one of the many graphic design products of 21st century. With the help of an album cover the artist reflects an audial expression visually. For a successful visualization some graphic design principles should have been considered by the designers. Design principles are the guides of organizing elements like visuals, typography and color. In this research five design principles are looked for; unity/harmony, balance, hierarchy, scale/proportion, dominance/emphasis and, similarity and contrast. On Pj Harvey’s album covers it is determined that every five of these principles were considered by the graphic designer during the design process as outlined. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 750 I. ALBUM COVERS AS A GRAPHIC DESIGN PRODUCT................................... 751 A. Analysis of Pj Harvey Album Covers........................................ 752 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................... 757 INTRODUCTION Formal and functional features determination process called the design.
    [Show full text]
  • Sharing COVID-19 Epidemiology Data
    Sharing COVID-19 Epidemiology Data Version: 0.06a DOI: 10.15497/rda00049 Authors: RDA-COVID-19-Epidemiology Working Group Co-chair: Priyanka Pillai Moderators: Claire Austin, Gabriel Turinici Published: 31st August 2020 Abstract: An immediate understanding of the COVID-19 disease epidemiology is crucial to slowing infections, minimizing deaths, and making informed decisions about when, and to what extent, to impose mitigation measures, and when and how to reopen society. Despite our need for evidence based policies and medical decision making, there is no international standard or coordinated system for collecting, documenting, and disseminating COVID-19 related data and metadata, making their use and reuse for timely epidemiological analysis challenging due to issues with documentation, interoperability, completeness, methodological heterogeneity, and data quality. There is a pressing need for a coordinated global system encompassing preparedness, early detection, and rapid response to newly emergent threats such as SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID- 19 disease that it causes. The intended audience for the epidemiology recommendations and guidelines are government and international agencies, policy and decision makers, epidemiologists and public health experts, disaster preparedness and response experts, funders, data providers, teachers, researchers, clinicians, and other potential users. Keywords: COVID-19; supporting output; epidemiology; recommendations; guidelines; data sharing Language: English License: Attribution 4.0 International
    [Show full text]