specifi c site: sitio específi co listed: fi gura en la lista World Heritage Sites works/to work: trabaja/trabajar to conserve: para preservar places: lugares importance: importancia A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specifi c site that is listed by the future generations: generaciones futuras international World Heritage Program.  e program works to conserve natural geographical areas: áreas places of cultural or natural importance and preserve each site for geográfi cas naturales particular interest: interés particular future generations. limestone caves: cuevas de piedra caliza In the United States, there are 22 world heritage sites. Seventeen of these deepest: la más profunda built/to build: construyeron/construir are natural geographical areas of particular interest or importance. multistory stone villages: pueblos de piedra de varios pisos CARLSBAD CAVERNS, NEW MEXICO: Carlsbad Caverns National impressive: impresionantes road system: sistema de caminos Park is home to more than 80 limestone caves .  e nation’s deepest houses/to house: aloja/alojar cave, at 1,597 feet, is found here. densest: más densa example: ejemplo architecture: arquitectura CHACO CULTURE, NEW MEXICO:  e Anasazi, or “Ancient inhabited/to inhabit: habitada/habitar active community: comunidad activa Ones,” built large multistory stone villages and an impressive 400-mile formed by: formada por road system in Chaco canyon. Chaco canyon houses the densest and inches: pulgadas deep: de profundidad most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest. miles: millas wide: de ancho TAOS PUEBLO, NEW MEXICO: Pueblo de Taos is the best preserved fl ows/to fl ow: fl uye/fl uir slowly: lentamente of the pueblos in the U.S. Taos is a great example of the traditional across: a través de architecture of the pre-Hispanic period. Today Taos is inhabited by the marshes: pantanos pine forests: bosques de pinos Taos Pueblo Indians, and it is still an active community . mangrove islands: islas de manglares species: especies birds: pájaros EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK, FLORIDA:  e Everglades are live/to live: viven/vivir formed by a river of fresh water 6 inches deep and 50 miles wide that as well as: así como alligators: caimanes fl ows slowly across marshes, pine forests , and mangrove islands . manatees: manatíes More than 300 species of birds live in the park as well as alligators , panthers: panteras ranges/to range: varia/variar manatees, and Florida panthers. width: ancho attains/to attain: alcanza/alcanzar GRAND CANYON, ARIZONA :  e Grand Canyon, created by the depth: profundidad smoke: humo Colorado River, is 277 miles long, ranges in width from 0.25 to 15 name: nombre miles and attains a depth of more than a mile. given/to give: dado/dar exudes/to exude: exuda/exudar oily residues: residuos aceitosos SMOKY MOUNTAINS, NORTH CAROLINA/TENNESSEE: create/to create: crean/crear smoke-like haze: bruma como humo “Place of Blue Smoke ” was the name given by the Cherokee Indians surrounds/to surround: rodea/rodear to these Appalachian Highlands.  e forest here exudes water vapor peaks: picos fi lls/to fi ll: llena/llenar and oily residues which create a smoke-like haze that surrounds the valleys: valles peaks and fi lls the valleys . 166 geography

Copyright © 2008 by Second Language Publishing. Click here for terms of use. HAWAII VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK: It is thought that the it is thought/to think: se piensa/pensar created/crear: creadas/to create Hawaiian islands were created when molten rock pushed through molten rock: roca fundida pushed/to push: empujó/empujar Earth’s crust , forming volcanoes.  e park’s two most impressive through: a través de volcanoes are Kilauea and Mauna Loa. crust: corteza forming: formando passages: pasajes, pasadizos MAMMOTH CAVE, KENTUCKY: Mammoth Cave is the world’s seeping into: fi ltrándose dentro de rare: raro, poco frecuente most extensive cave system, with 345 miles of passages. Water seeping unusual: poco comunes into the cave creates stalactites, stalagmites, and white crystal formations. blind fi sh: peces ciegos colorless spiders: arañas sin color Rare and unusual animals are found here, such as blind fi sh and demonstrate/to demonstrate: demuestran/demostrar colorless spiders .  ey demonstrate adaptation to the total darkness darkness: oscuridad and isolation. isolation: aislamiento regional center: centro regional features/to feature: ponen de relieve/ CAHOKIA MOUNDS STATE HISTORIC SITE, ILLINOIS:  e poner de relieve earthen constructions: construcciones Cahokia site was the regional center for the Mississippian Indian de tierra o barro culture. Cahokia features the largest prehistoric earthen constructions sophisticated: sofi sticadas engineering skills: habilidades de in the Americas.  is site is a testament to the sophisticated engineering ingeniería established/to establish: skills of Mississippian culture. establecieron/establecer high: alta fl at land: tierra llana MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK, COLORADO:  e Anasazi tucked on ledges: metidas en las established villages on the high, fl at land of southwestern Colorado. cornisas under: bajo In the late 1100s they began constructing multistory stone apartment overhangs: salientes encompasses/to encompass: abarca/ houses, tucked on ledges and under rock overhangs . abarcar not only...but also: no sólo...pero OLYMPIC NATIONAL PARK, WASHINGTON :  e park también snow-capped: cubierto de nieve encompasses not only snow-capped Mount Olympus, glaciers, alpine alpine meadows: prados alpinos rocky: rocosa meadows , and rocky Pacifi c Mountain coastline, but also one of the coastline: litoral, costa few temperate rain forests in the world. temperate rain forests: bosques templados pluviales sustain/to sustain: sostienen/sostener WATERTONGLACIER INTERNATIONAL PEACE PARK, surprisingly: sorprendente including: incluyendo MONTANA:  e two parks sustain a surprisingly diverse habitat, wolves: lobos including wolves, bears, and mountain lions. It features a wide bears: osos mountain lions: pumas variety of wild fl owers and wildlife. wide variety: amplia variedad wildlife: fauna y fl ora, vida silvestre contains/to contain: contiene/contener REDWOOD NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA : Redwood National tallest: más alto living: vivientes, vivos Park contains the tallest living things on Earth: evergreen trees that evergreen trees: árboles de hoja perenne grow to 350 feet. grow/to grow: crecen/crecer huge chain: cadena enorme tidewater: marea GLACIER BAY NATIONAL PARK AND PRESERVE, ALASKA: range: gama landscapes: paisajes  e park is made up of a huge chain of tidewater glaciers and a covered: cubierto dramatic range of landscapes, from rocky terrain covered by ice to lush lush: frondosa mountain goats: cabras de monteses temperate rain forest. Brown and black bears, mountain goats, whales, whales: ballenas seals: focas seals, and eagles can be found within the park. found within: encontradas dentro geography 167 highest: más altas located/to locate: ubicadas/ubicar Majestic Mountains peaks: picos reaches/to reach: alcanza/alcanzar  e highest mountains in the U.S. are located in four states: Alaska, height: altura approximately: aproximadamente California, Colorado and Washington. Alaska is home to 19 of the 20 home: hogar highest peaks in the U.S. and Colorado is home to 16 of the 50 highest ocean fl oor: fondo del océano peaks in the U.S. above sea level: sobre el nivel del mar generally given: generalmente dadas Mount McKinley or Denali in Alaska is the highest mountain peak hiker’s paradise: paraíso para el excursionista in North America. At its peak it reaches a height of approximately trails: senderos 20,320 feet. ranging/to range: que varían/variar short: cortos  e United States is home to the world’s highest mountain, from its walks: paseos, caminatas base on the ocean fl oor . Mauna Kea, on Hawaii is 33,474 feet high but strenuous treks: agotadoras only 13,796 feet are above sea level . Heights of mountains are generally caminatas long enough: sufi cientemente largas given as heights above sea level. to require: como para requerir overnight camping: acampar por la noche  e Great Smoky Mountains are bears: osos a hiker’s paradise with over 800 live/to live: viven/vivir miles of trails ranging from short park: parque as well as: así como walks to strenuous treks that are deer: ciervo long enough to require overnight elk: alce camping . Sixteen-hundred bears live tall: de alto in the park as well as deer and elk. largest known: más grande conocido free-standing: suelto, libre, sin sujeción Stone Mountain Park is Georgia’s most popular attraction.  e mountain exposed granite: granito expuesto is 825 feet tall. It is the world’s largest known free-standing piece of top: cima allows/to allow: permite/permitir exposed granite .  e 1.3-mile trail to the top of the mountain allows spectacular views: vistas spectacular views.  ere are also 15 miles of nature trails for hiking. espectaculares nature: naturales, en la naturaleza At 7962 feet, Mount Olympus is the tallest and most prominent prominent: prominente range: cadena de montañas mountain in the Olympic Mountain range of Western Washington. glaciers: glaciares Mount Olympus has eight glaciers and is the main feature of Olympic main feature: rasgo principal National Park.

168 geography

Copyright © 2008 by Second Language Publishing. Click here for terms of use. MOUNTAINS AND YOU play/to play: juegan/jugar climbers: escaladores, alpinistas Mountains play an important role in visit/to visit: visitan/visitar scenery: paisaje our lives! Climbers and tourists visit farmers: granjeros, agricultores graze: llevar a pastar mountains for the scenery . Farmers authorities: autoridades graze their animals on them. Water reservoirs: embalses represas pump/to pump: bombean/bombear authorities make reservoirs and pump grow/to grow: cultivan/cultivar harvest/to harvest: recogen/recoger the water to towns and cities. Forestry wood: madera advantages: ventajas companies grow coniferous forests and serious impact: grave impacto harvest wood from them. environment: medio ambiente chances: oportunidades damaged: dañado check/to check: verifi ca/verifi car Tourism has many advantages ; however, it can have a serious impact make sure/to make sure: asegurarte/ on the environment . As more and more people visit the mountains, the asegurarse chosen/to choose: elegido/elegir chances of the environment being permanently damaged become ever open: abierto stay/to stay: permanezcas/permanecer greater. mountain biking: ciclismo de montaña wet: mojados causes/to cause: causa/causar damage: daño When hiking, check to make sure the trail you have chosen is open proper footwear: calzado adecuado for use. Make sure it is dry and you always stay on the trail. Mountain puddles: charcos walking around: caminar alrededor biking and even hiking on wet trails causes damage that can be widens/to widen: amplía/ampliar on or near: sobre o cerca de irreparable. You should also have proper footwear so you can hike durable surface: superfi cie durable rock: roca through puddles . Walking around a puddle widens the trail and causes sand: arena erosion. dry grass: pasto seco minimizes/to minimize: minimiza/ minimizar scare/to scare: asusta/asustar If you are camping on or near a mountain, camp on a durable surface pick/to pick: recojas/recoger fl owers: fl ores such as rock , sand or dry grass .  is minimizes impact and doesn’t leaving: dejar scare away wildlife. in place: en su lugar seeding: proceso de dejar caer semillas blooming: fl oreciendo take...away/to take away: llevas/llevarse Finally, don’t pick the fl owers ! Leaving fl owers and plants in place is seed: semilla pollinated/to pollinate: polinizada/ very important for seeding . If it’s blooming, and you take the seed polinizar away it won’t get pollinated, it’s no longer a food source for bees. food source: fuente de alimento bees: abejas Draw it, photograph it or smell it, but don’t pick it! draw/to draw: dibuja/dibujar photograph/to photograph: fotografía/fotografi ar smell/to smell: huele/oler geography 169 desert regions: regiones desérticas make up/to make up: constituyen/ North American Deserts consistuir largest: más grande covers/to cover: cubre/cubrir Four desert regions make up the North American Deserts: the Great over: más de Basin, the Mojave, the Sonoran, and the Chihuahuan. square: cuadradas northern: del norte GREAT BASIN DESERT three-quarters: tres cuartos western: del oeste  e Great Basin Desert is the largest desert in the U.S. and covers over southern: del sur 190,000 square miles. It covers the northern three-quarters of Nevada, southeastern: sureste western and southern Utah, the southeastern corner of Oregon and corner: ángulo third: tercio the southern third of Idaho. considered/to consider: considerado/ considerar  e Great Basin is considered a cold desert. A cold desert is one with cold: frío daytime temperatures below freezing for part of the year. Sagebrush daytime: durante el día below freezing: por debajo del punto covers vast areas of the Great Basin Desert.  is is mainly a shrub desert de congelación with few cacti. Compared with the other deserts of North America, the sagebrush: artemisa Great Basin Desert has a limited range of plants and animals. vast: vastas shrub: arbusto cacti: cactos SONORAN DESERT compared with: comparado con range: gama  e Sonoran desert is considered the biologically richest desert in the richest: más rico world. It receives much of its moisture during the summer “monsoon” receives/to receive: recibe/recibir season, making it a subtropical desert. Freezing conditions can be moisture: humedad summer: verano expected for a few nights in winter. season: estación making/to make: haciendo/hacer  e northern part of this desert is in Arizona and California, but it freezing: heladas pushes far down into Mexico on both sides of the Gulf of California. It expected/to expect: esperadas/esperar is broken up by numerous mountain ranges. In the Southwest these winter: invierno mountain ranges are referred to as “ sky islands ” due to their isolation broken up/to break up: dividido/ dividir by valleys. mountain ranges: cadenas de montañas referred/to refer: referidas/referirse sky islands: islas del cielo MOJAVE DESERT isolation: aislamiento smallest: más pequeño  e Mojave is the smallest of the North American deserts. It occupies a occupies/to occupy: ocupa/ocupar large portion of southern California and smaller parts of southwestern large portion: gran porción named after: lleva el nombre de Utah, southern Nevada, and northwestern Arizona. It is named after the boundaries: límites Mojave tribe of Native Americans.  e Mojave Desert’s boundaries are defi ned/to defi ne: defi nidos/defi nir usually defi ned by the presence of Joshua Trees.  ese are the most presence: presencia well known: bien conocida popular and well known plant of the Mojave Desert.

170 geography

Copyright © 2008 by Second Language Publishing. Click here for terms of use.  e Mojave Desert receives less than 6 inches of rain a year, which less than: menos de makes it the driest of the North American deserts. A small California driest: más seco community: comunidad community located in the Mojave Desert once went 767 days without without rain: sin lluvia rain!  e Mojave Desert is home to the Mojave National Preserve and hottest: más caliente Death Valley: Valle de la Muerte the hottest place in North America: Death Valley .  e all-time record all-time record high: la temperatura high was recorded here at 134 degrees. más alta de todos los tiempos recorded/to record: registrado/registrar degrees: grados to adapt: que adaptarse ANIMALS OF THE DESERT lack: falta shortage: escasez Animals that live in the desert have to adapt to lack of water, extreme to avoid: para evitar temperatures, and shortage of food. To avoid daytime heat, many desert daytime: diurno burrow/to burrow: cavan/cavar, animals are nocturnal.  ey burrow beneath the surface or hide in the hacer madrigueras en shade . Many desert animals do not drink water at all; they get water hide/to hide: se esconden/esconderse shade: sombra from their food or the moisture in the plants.  e most commonly drink/to drink: toman/tomar known animals in North American deserts are the coyote and the jack moisture: humedad jackrabbit: liebre rabbit. member: miembro closely related: pariente cercano  e coyote is a member of the dog feeds/to feed: se alimenta/alimentarse mammals: mamíferos family and closely related to the few: pocos wolf.  e coyote is a fast-running wild: salvajes carnivore and feeds mainly on heard/to hear: oída/oír howl/to howl: aúllan/aullar small mammals.  e coyote is emit/to emit: emiten/emitir one of the few wild animals whose high-pitched: agudos used/to use: usan/usar communication is frequently heard . keep in touch: mantenerse en contacto At night, coyotes howl and emit a long-legged: de patas largas series of short, high-pitched yips. long-eared: de orejas largas hares: liebres Howls are used to keep in touch similar to: similares a, parecidas a with other coyotes in the area. rabbits: conejos ears: orejas Jackrabbits are large, long-legged , long-eared hares . Hares are similar marked: manchadas spots: manchas to rabbits, but larger.  e fur on their long ears is marked with black fast-moving: que se mueve rápido spots.  ey are very fast-moving mammals and can run up to 45 miles run/to run: correr miles per hour: millas por hora per hour. Jackrabbits are strict vegetarians.  ey eat a great variety of herbs: hierbas herbs and shrubs. It is estimated that nearly 2 million jackrabbits are estimated/to estimate: se calcula/ calcular hunted each year in California. hunted/to hunt: cazados/cazar found/to fi nd: encontrados/encontrar Other animals found in American deserts include rattlesnakes, bighorn rattlesnakes: serpientes de cascabel bighorn sheep: borrego cimarrón sheep , roadrunners , and antelope. roadrunners: correcaminos

geography 171 Great Lakes: grandes lagos border: frontera The Great Lakes fresh water: agua dulce covering: cubriendo hold/to hold: guardan/guardar, tener one-fi fth: una quinta parte  e Great Lakes —Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario—are world’s: del mundo supply: suministro a group of fi ve lakes on the U.S.-Canadian border .  ey are the largest nine-tenths: nueve décimas partes fresh water system on Earth. shoreline: costa fl ourishes/to fl ourish: fl orece/fl orecer sandy beaches: playas arenosas Covering more than 94,000 square miles, the Great Lakes hold about sand dunes: dunas de arena one-fi fth of the world’s fresh water supply and nine-tenths of the U.S. wetlands: pantanos, humedales place: lugar supply. swim: nadar birds: pájaros  e geography of the Great Lakes shoreline fl ourishes with diverse fi nd food: encontrar comida rich feeding grounds: terrenos ricos plant and animal life.  e shoreline systems include sandy beaches , en alimentos sand dunes and wetlands . shorebirds: pájaros costeros beetles: escarabajos spiders: arañas  e most common shoreline in the Great Lakes region is the sand beach. driftwood: madera que arrastra el mara hasta la playa  e beaches are a great place for humans to swim and a great place for collects/to collect: se junta/juntarse birds and other small other animals to fi nd food . Beaches are rich seventh: séptimo among: entre feeding grounds for shorebirds . A variety of beetles, spiders, and birds home of: hogar de like to feed upon the driftwood and other debris that collects on the endangered: en peligro de extinción nests: nidos beach. unique: únicos range from...to: varían desde...hasta  e sand dunes of the Great Lakes are the largest freshwater coastal extensive: extensos dunes in the world.  e Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore ranks duck: pato geese: gansos seventh among national parks in plant diversity. Dunes are also the provide/to provide: proveen/proveer home of many endangered animals and plants.  e piping plover, a resting stops: paradas para descansar improve/to improve: mejoran/mejorar small shorebird, nests in the shoreline dunes. water quality: calidad del agua slowing/to slow: reduciendo/reducir (la velocidad)  e freshwater wetlands of the Great Lakes are ecologically unique . runoff : residuos líquidos processing/to process: procesando/  ey range from small wetlands in bays to extensive wetlands along the procesar shoreline. Wetlands are an important part of duck and geese migration. organic waste: desecho orgánico reaches/to reach: alcance/alcanzar  ey provide food, resting stops and habitats. Wetlands also improve open: abierta water quality by slowing runoff , and processing organic waste before protects/to protect: protege/proteger aquatic life: vida acuática it reaches open water.  is process protects aquatic life and sources of drinking: potable drinking water. housing developments: complejos habitacionales we need/to need: necesitamos/  e shorelines of  e Great Lakes are threatened by human impacts, necesitar ensure: asegurar such as housing developments , tourism, and erosion. We need to destroy/to destroy: destruimos/destruir years: años ensure that we don’t destroy this diverse and beautiful area that took to create: en crear nature years to create . 172 geography

Copyright © 2008 by Second Language Publishing. Click here for terms of use. natural resources available: recursos naturales disponibles Protecting Our Environment maintaining/to maintain: manteniendo/mantener healthy lives: vidas saludables  e natural resources available to people—for food and other pleasure: placer landscape: paisaje production, maintaining healthy lives , and the pleasure of a beautiful boundless: sin límites growing populations: crecientes landscape—can seem boundless. But growing populations are placing poblaciones increasing pressure on the resources. Many of these resources, once placing/to place: poniendo/poner increasing pressure: presión creciente used , are not renewable . once used: una vez usadas renewable: renovables fresh: fresca (aquí: dulce) Fresh water supplies are essential for agricultural production, for supplies: suministros drinking: tomar, beber drinking, and for maintenance of important habitats of animals. Fresh maintenance: mantenimiento water supplies are projected to be inadequate to meet the needs of one- projected/to project: proyectan/ proyectar third of the world’s population by 2025, unless better use is made of meet the needs: satisfacer las necesidades this precious resource. In many coastal areas , pollution has reduced use: uso the quality of the water, aff ecting the quality of water and aquatic life. coastal areas: áreas costeras reduced/to reduce: reducido/reducir Forests are being cut down faster than they are being regenerated or quality: calidad aff ecting/to aff ect: afectando/afectar planted. aquatic life: vida acuática forests: bosques, selvas USAID takes an integrated approach to natural resources management. cut down/to cut down: cortadas/cortar regenerated/to regenerate: regeneradas/ Land and water must be managed skillfully so that they are able to regenerar planted/to plant: plantadas/plantar maintain our basic ability to produce food. Water supplies must be integrated approach: enfoque integrado used more effi ciently—and water quality must be maintained or even management: manejo improved —if people are to remain healthy . managed/to manage: manejados/ manejar skillfully: hábilmente Forests must be protected by those who live in or close to them. New basic ability: habilidad básica produce: producir approaches to involving these people in the wise management of a improved/to improve: mejorada/mejorar resource important to everyone in the world are being developed and remain healthy: mantenerse saludable protected/to protect: protegidos/ applied in many areas. Sound methods for harvesting trees for timber proteger close: cerca and management of forest trees are being implemented.  ese kinds of sound methods: métodos sensatos programs promise to slow the rate of deforestation. However, illegal harvesting: recoger timber: madera and destructive logging remains a threat to biodiversity conservation. implemented/to implement: implementados/ implementar Once lost , it will be impossible for the world to recover that diversity promise/to promise: prometen/ prometer of our natural resources. to slow: frenar rate: ritmo USAID is an outstanding organization that works to protect the logging: tala (de árboles) threat: amenaza environment in more than 100 countries worldwide.  e work they do once lost: una vez perdida to recover: recobrar provides a better future for all. outstanding: sobresaliente worldwide: por todo el mundo For more information visit: www.usaid.gov. better future: mejor futuro

geography 173 Copyright © 2008 by Second Language Publishing. Click here for terms of use. outstanding: sobresalientes waterfalls: cataratas Land of Waterfalls be found: ser encontradas hiking/to hike: andando/andar through: a través de forests: bosques, selvas America’s outstanding waterfalls can be found hiking through forests , alongside: a lo largo de alongside rivers or even in scorching deserts . Whether a trickle, a rivers: ríos even: aún, incluso stream or a cascade , the delight and serenity of a waterfall is enjoyed scorching: abrasadores deserts: desiertos by people of all ages. trickle: hilito (de agua) stream: riachuelo, corriente cascade: cascada NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK delight: delicia Niagara Falls is a group serenity: serenidad enjoyed/to enjoy: disfrutado/disfrutar of massive waterfalls all ages: todas las edades massive: masiva located on the Niagara located: ubicada River on the border border: frontera between: entre between the United comprised: compuesto States and Canada.  e wide: ancha not only: no sólo Falls are comprised renowned: renombrada of three separate waterfalls: Horseshoe Falls, American Falls, and the beauty: belleza valuable source: fuente valiosa smaller, adjacent Bridal Veil Falls. Niagara Falls is very wide , and the power: energía both: ambos most voluminous waterfall in North America. Niagara Falls is not only south central: sur central renowned for its beauty .  e Falls are a valuable source of hydroelectric little-known treasure: tesoro poco conocido power for both Ontario and New York. while: mientras que year-round: todo el año creek: arroyo CALF CREEK FALLS, UTAH relatively rare: relativamente raro stunning: impresionante  e Calf Creek Recreation Area in south central Utah off ers a little- roundtrip: de ida y vuelta known treasure in one of the American deserts, the Calf Creek Falls. sandy: arenoso walk: caminata While a year-round creek is relatively rare in the desert, a year-round become: volverse 126-foot waterfall is rare and stunning . It is 5.5 miles roundtrip to hike tiring: cansadora warm weather: clima cálido o caluroso into the falls. Most of the trail is sandy and the walk can become very however: sin embargo once: una vez tiring, especially in warm weather . However , once you reach the falls reach/to reach: alcanzas/alcanzar you will fi nd a cool , shady haven well worth the eff ort . fi nd/to fi nd: encontrar cool: fresco shady: sombreado YOSEMITE FALLS, CALIFORNIA haven: refugio worth the eff ort: vale la pena el Yosemite Falls is the highest waterfall in North America. Located in esfuerzo Yosemite National Park in California, it’s a major attraction in the highest: (la) más alta late spring: fi nal de la primavera park, especially in late spring when the water fl ow is at its peak. At fl ow: fl ujo, caudal peak: pico 2425 feet, Yosemite Falls is the sixth-highest waterfall in the world. sixth: sexta

174 geography

Copyright © 2008 by Second Language Publishing. Click here for terms of use. tallest: (la) más alta plummets/to plummet: cae en picada/ MULTNOMAH FALLS, OREGON caer en picada unusually cold: excepcionalmente fría Multnomah Falls is the tallest waterfall in Oregon and also the second- turn: volver highest year-round waterfall in the United States.  e water of the falls frozen: helado icicle: carámbano plummets 620 feet from its origin on Larch Mountain. Unusually sight: vista to behold: para contemplar cold weather can turn this waterfall into a frozen icicle !  e frozen falls derived/to derive: derivado/derivar are a sight to behold . word: palabra meaning/to mean: que signifi ca/ signifi car tumbling waters: aguas que caen AMICALOLA FALLS, GEORGIA height: altura in addition: además Amicalola Falls is derived from a Cherokee word meaning “tumbling southern end: extremo sureño waters.”  e falls reach the height of 729 feet, which makes it the unusual: poco común, raro setting: entorno highest waterfall east of the Mississippi. In addition, the falls are just a sets them apart: las distingue surrounded/to surround: rodeadas/ hike away from Springer Mountain, famous for being the southern end rodear of the Appalachian Trail. fl at lands: tierras llanas covered/to cover: cubiertas/cubrir prairie: pradera grasses: pastos NORTH CLEAR CREEK FALLS, COLORADO above: sobre, por encima de crash/to crash: se estrellan/estrellarse  e unusual setting for these waterfalls sets them apart from others and canyon: cañón makes them even more spectacular. North Creek Falls are surrounded below: debajo believed/to believe: se cree/creer by fl at lands covered with prairie grasses. Located above the Rio photographed: fotografi adas most well known: más conocidas Grande, these falls crash more than 100 feet to the canyon below and powerful: poderosas are believed to be the most photographed waterfall in Colorado. controlled/to control: controladas/ controlar dam: represa turned off /to turn off : cortadas/cortar SHOSHONE FALLS, IDAHO during: durante Shoshone Falls are the most well known falls in Idaho, and the most agricultural season: estación agrícola diverting/to divert: desviando/desviar powerful falls in the Northwest.  e falls are controlled by the Milner farmlands: tierras de cultivo let them fl ow freely: las dejan correr Dam and they are turned off during the agricultural season by libremente winter: invierno diverting the water to the farmlands .  ey let them fl ow freely in the completely: completamente winter and spring, completely covering the cliff .  ese falls are 212 covering/to cover: cubriendo/cubrir cliff : acantilado feet high and 1200 feet wide. occur/to occur: ocurren/ocurrir cuts through: atraviesa narrow channel: canal estrecho PUNCH BOWL FALLS, OREGON fl anked/to fl ank: fl anqueado/fl anquear drops/to drop: cae/caer Punch Bowl Falls is spectacular and is the most photographed waterfall in powerfully: poderosamente bowl: cuenco, tazón the Pacifi c Northwest.  e falls occur where Eagle Creek cuts through name: nombre comes from/to come from: proviene/ a narrow channel fl anked by cliff s, and drops powerfully into a large provenir bowl .  e falls’ name comes from the resemblance of the area to an resemblance: parecido actual: real, verdadero actual punch bowl. punch: ponche (bebida)

geography 175 true: verdadera tropical rain forest: selva tropical Tropical Rain Forests húmeda, bosque pluvial diversity: diversidad isolation: aislamiento resulted/to result: resultado/resultar fungi: hongos Hawaii is the only state with a true tropical rain forest . Hawaiian mosses: musgos snails: caracoles tropical forests are home to a large diversity of species.  e isolation birds: pájaros wildlife: fl ora y fauna, vida silvestre of the Hawaiian Islands from the rest of the world has resulted in an places: lugares wettest: más húmedo incredible diversity of fungi , mosses, snails , birds , and other wildlife. averages/to average: promedia/ promediar  is diversity makes Hawaii’s tropical forests some of the most spectacular rainfall: precipitaciones live/to live: viven/vivir places on Earth. developed/to develop: desarrollado/ desarrollar bills: picos formed: formados  e world’s wettest rain forest is found in Hawaii on Mount Waialeale. feeding: alimentarse wet: mojadas, húmedas  is forest averages 450 inches of rainfall per year. rare: raros, poco comunes caterpillars: orugas triggered/trigger: provocadas/provocar touch: toque An incredible variety of plants and animals live in the tropical forests snatch/to snatch: arrebatan/arrebatar prey: presa of Hawaii. Birds native to the forest are hawks, crows, thrushes, and mimic/to mimic: imitan/imitar twigs: ramitas honeycreepers.  e honeycreepers have developed diverse bills formed grab/to grab: agarran/agarrar, atrapar comes too close: se acerca demasiado for feeding on the diff erent plants in these wet forests. Rare carnivorous found/to fi nd: encuentran/encontrar in turn: a su vez caterpillars are native to Hawaii. When triggered by touch , these defenseless against: indefensas frente pigs: cerdos caterpillars snatch their prey .  e caterpillars mimic twigs and grab brought/to bring: traídos/traer over the years: con el correr de los años prey that comes too close . escaped/to escape: escaparon/escapar turned/to turn: se volvieron/volverse feral: asilvestrados wild: salvaje  e native plants in the Hawaiian islands are found nowhere else on soil erosion: erosión del suelo spread/to spread: propagaron/propagar Earth. In turn , most native plants are defenseless against introduced weeds: malas hierbas diseases: enfermedades species such as pigs. Pigs were brought to Hawaii from Polynesia polluted/to pollute: contaminaron/ contaminar and Europe. Over the years the pigs have escaped and turned feral . supplies: suministros crowding out/to crowd out: dejando  ese wild pigs are very destructive to the Hawaiian forests.  ey have afuera/dejar afuera lost/to loose: perdido/perder destroyed vegetation, caused soil erosion , spread weeds and diseases, two-thirds: dos tercios clearing: limpieza (de tierras) and polluted water supplies . Other introduced plants and animals are fi re: fuegos, incendios half: la mitad crowding out the native plants and animals. Hawaii has lost two-thirds habitat loss: pérdida de hábitat disease: enfermedades of its original forests to agriculture, clearing, and fi re, and half its native saving: (el) salvar remaining: restantes birds through habitat loss and disease . Saving Hawaii’s remaining a race against time: una carrera contra el tiempo native species is now a race against time .

176 geography

Copyright © 2008 by Second Language Publishing. Click here for terms of use. temperate: templados Temperate Rain Forests much younger: mucho más jóvenes soil: suelo contains/to contain: contiene/ Temperate rainforests contener are much younger nutrients: nutrientes located/to locate: ubicados/ubicar than tropical rain- along: a lo largo de forests.  e soil in scarce: escasos temperate forests western side: lado oeste contains more nutri- home to: hogar de wettest: más mojadas ents than that of the because: porque tropics. Temperate dense timber: árboles densos rainforests are located including: incluyendo largest: más grande along the Pacifi c coast of the United States. Temperate rainforests are spans/to span: abarca/abarcar, much more scarce than tropical rainforests. Some of the best forests extenderse are found in Olympic National Park, Mount Rainier National Park, million acres: millones de acres northern: norteño Tongass National Forest, Mount St. Helens National Monument and home to: hogar de Redwood National Park. endangered: en peligro de extinción elsewhere: en otro lugar depend/to depend: dependen/ Olympic National Park is located on the Olympic Peninsula of depender Washington state.  e western side of the park is home to a temperate livelihood: sustento rain forest and the wettest area in the continental United States. Because tribes: tribus live/to live: viven/vivir this is a temperate rainforest it contains dense timber, including spruce throughout: por toda and fi r. communities: comunidades population: población named/to name: llamada/llamar  e Tongass National Forest in southeastern Alaska is the largest inhabited/to inhabit: habitaron/ national forest in the United States. It spans over 17 million acres . It habitar is a northern temperate rain forest, home to rare fl ora and fauna that panhandle: faja estrecha de territorio are endangered elsewhere.  e Tongass National Forest is also home to about 70,000 people who depend on the national forest for their livelihood. Several Alaska Native tribes live throughout Southeast Alaska. 31 communities are located within the forest; the largest is Juneau, the state capital, with a population of 31,000.  e forest is named for the Tongass group of the Tlingit people, who inhabited the Alaska panhandle.

geography 177 Copyright © 2008 by Second Language Publishing. Click here for terms of use. all: todos are found/to fi nd: se encuentran/ Volcanoes of the United States encontrarse including: incluyendo designated/to designate: designados/ All of the volcanoes in the Unit- designar ed States are found in the west- high threat: amenaza grave located/to locate: ubicados/ubicar ern states, including Alaska and most: la mayoría Hawaii.  ere are 169 volcanoes erupted/to erupt: hecho erupción/ hacer erupción in the United States. Eighteen time: tiempo of them have been designated far back: (tiempo) atrás listed/to list: listados/listar as “very high threat ” volcanoes. below: abajo  ese high-threat volcanoes are considered/to consider: considerado/ considerar located in Hawaii, Oregon, monarch: monarca Washington and Alaska. Most single: solo any kind: cualquier clase, todo tipo of them haven’t erupted for a miles: millas very long time, as far back as long: de largo wide: de ancho the 1700s. rises/to rise: se eleva/elevarse base: base sea fl oor: fondo del mar Listed below are some of the most famous volcanoes in the United last: última States. eruption: erupción ended/to end: terminó/terminar period: período Mauna Loa is considered the “ monarch of mountains.” It is the largest silence: silencio remains/to remain: continúa/ volcano and the largest single mountain of any kind in the world. It is continuar 60 miles long , 30 miles wide , and rises 28,680 feet from its base on extremely: extremadamente the sea fl oor . Mauna Loa’s last major eruption was in 1984. It ended a dangerous: peligroso historically: históricamente 9-year period of silence . Mauna Loa remains an extremely dangerous once: una vez volcano that can erupt in many diff erent directions. decade: década recorded: registrada slowed/to slow: frenado/frenar Historically , Mauna Loa has erupted at least once in every decade pace: ritmo scientists: científi cos of recorded Hawaiian history. It has, however, slowed its pace with constantly: constantemente eruptions in 1950, 1975 and 1984. Scientists and residents of the Big monitor/to monitor: controlan/ controlar, observar, seguir Island constantly monitor Mauna Loa in anticipation of its next anticipation: anticipación eruption. next: próxima

178 geography

Copyright © 2008 by Second Language Publishing. Click here for terms of use.

Kilauea Volcano, on the southeast side of the Big Island, is one of the southeast: sureste side: lado most active on earth. Its current eruption started in January 1983 and current: actual continues to this day. During this eruption over 500 acres have been started/to start: empezó/empezar added to the Big Island’s shoreline . In the course of the eruption, lava continues/to continue: continúa/ continuar fl ows have destroyed a famous 700 year-old Hawaiian temple, overrun added/to add: agregados/agregar, many houses, and permanently blocked highways. sumar shoreline: costa destroyed/to destroy: destruyeron/  ere are no indications that the current eruption will come to an destruir temple: templo end anytime soon . Visitors to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park have overrun/to overrun: cubrieron a unique opportunity to see lava in action. Near the southwestern enteramente/cubrir enteramente blocked/to block: bloquearon/ edge of the caldera is the “ fi re pit ,” known as Halemaumau (House of bloquear, obstruir Everlasting Fire ), which has at times contained a lake of boiling lava. highways: autopistas will come to an end: terminará anytime soon: pronto, en el futuro Mount St. Helens is an active cercano volcano in Skamania County, unique: única opportunity: oportunidad Washington. It is most famous edge: borde for its disastrous eruption fi re pit: foso de fuego everlasting fi re: fuego eterno on May 18, 1980.  is at times: a veces, en ocasiones was the deadliest and most contained/to contain: contuvo/ contener economically destructive lake: lago volcanic event in the history boiling: hirviente disastrous: desastrosa of the United States. Fifty- deadliest: más mortal seven people were killed, economically: económicamente event: evento and 250 homes, 47 bridges , killed/to kill: mató/matar 15 miles of railways and bridges: puentes railways: vías de tren 185 miles of highway were debris avalanche: avalancha de escombros destroyed.  e eruption caused a massive debris avalanche, reducing reducing/to reduce: reduciendo/ the elevation of the mountain’s summit from 9,677 feet to 8,365 feet reducir elevation: elevación and replacing it with a mile-wide horseshoe-shaped crater.  e debris summit: cima avalanche was the largest in recorded history. replacing/to replace: reemplazando/ reemplazar horseshoe-shaped: con forma de herradura de caballo

geografía 179