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Pdf [Accessed 10 February, 2015] Plonski, Sharri (2015) Ordinary & extraordinary resistances : the struggle for land and space by the Palestinian citizens of Israel. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/id/eprint/20385 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this PhD Thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This PhD Thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this PhD Thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the PhD Thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full PhD Thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD PhD Thesis, pagination. ORDINARY & EXTRAORDINARY RESISTANCES: THE STRUGGLE FOR LAND AND SPACE BY THE PALESTINIAN CITIZENS OF ISRAEL SHARRI PLONSKI Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD 2015 Department of Development Studies SOAS, University of London 2 Declaration for SOAS PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of SOAS, University of London, concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination. Signed: ____________________________ Date: _________________ 3 ABSTRACT This thesis explores the dialectic relationship between ‘power’ and ‘resistance’ through the lens of the struggle for land and space, by the Palestinian citizens of Israel. Ever in contention, ever in conversation, dynamics of power and resistance dislodge, dislocate and displace one another, transformed through their intersections and interactions. Thus to understand Palestinian-citizen struggle is to see it in dialogue with the trajectories of the Israeli hegemonic order: in which the indigenous Palestinian is always othered, outside and absent; a threat to be removed and replaced, despite (or even because of) their inclusion in the political and spatial organisations of the state. There is no room for the indigenous Palestinian within the state’s dual rationales of ethnic-nationalism and settler-colonialism. And yet, there is a never-ending encounter between the Zionist state and subaltern Palestinian-citizen, essential to the shape and journey of both. This encounter produces the particular story, the particular space, in which both are housed, the lines and boundaries of which are articulated and disrupted through unique spatial and social relations. The analysis stems from a three year exploration of three cases of community land-struggles: a popular movement for housing rights in Palestinian neighbourhoods of Jaffa-Tel Aviv; an enduring protest-movement against the Judaization project in the Galilee region; and the existential struggle for land rights of Bedouin communities in the Naqab desert. Their stories are a window into the unique reverberations of Zionist hegemony as it clashes with a real, contextualised, material history; with a Palestinian community surviving, resisting, antagonising and engaging the structures of power. Through investigating their moments of containment, contention and transgression, we unravel how resistance is entangled with the structures of power; and how the lines that determine this relationship are challenged, unveiled and disarticulated, and even transcended and transformed. 4 Acknowledgements This study would not have been possible without the support of family and friends, colleagues and academics, interlocutors and interviewees, academic institutions and funding bodies. Without them, I could not have completed this long journey and I would like to take this space to thank as many of them as possible. First, I owe extensive thanks to my thesis supervisor, Prof. Gilbert Achcar. I could not have had a more supportive, engaged or diligent adviser. His expertise has been invaluable; his precision a gift to my effusive style. He has kept me grounded and focused, and helped me produce something of which I am proud. I would also like to thank Dr. Laleh Khalili; both for her contribution as a supervisor and as a friend, whose capacity for emotional support and intellectual stimulation has known no bounds. She challenged me to find my voice, and trust my abilities; I would not have finished the thesis without her. Thanks are due as well to the two examiners who gently and thoroughly pushed me to defend my thesis, Prof. Nira Yuval-Davis and Dr. Nimer Sultany. Both have been generous with their time and comments, and have helped to enhance the precision and clarity of this manuscript. I was guided through the labyrinths of space, struggle and power by a group of individuals, active in challenging the structures of the Zionist state. I not only thank them for their contributions to this work, but for their ongoing commitment to social and political struggle, expressed in everyday and extraordinary acts of resistance. I am thankful to Atef Abu Rabia, for guiding me through the Naqab; Shadi Shbeta for introducing me to spatial apartheids in the Galilee; and Sami Abu Shehadeh for his counter-map of Jaffa. I am thankful to Rania Lahab-Grayeb for her constant support; Hana Amouri, for connecting me to the stories and people of Jaffa; and Johayna Safi, for her patience and friendship. I am also thankful to Fadi Shbeta, Yudit Ilani and Abed Abou Shhadeh for taking the time to answer my questions; Amarat Zbedat, for joining me on my desert journeys; and Aziz al-Turi and Sheikh Sayah al- Turi for sharing al-Araqib with me. I would like to thank Alva Kolan for her “awesome” enthusiasm, support, insight and tireless efforts in enabling my access to information, documents and individuals within the Palestinian-citizen political leadership. As well, I’d like to thank Prof. Oren Yiftachel, Dr. Haim Yacobi and Prof. Gadi Algazi, who remained integral contributors to my learning and development, throughout this thesis-journey. 5 I am especially grateful to the communities of struggle that are the core of this research: the activist/residents of Ajami, the Central Galilee and the Naqab, who shared their resistance with me, as they continue to carve out Palestinian space against the erasures of the Israeli- state. I am thankful to the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), for its politically charged arena and supportive academic community. The study would also not have been possible without the funding support of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC), whose grant enabled me to study in London, far from my cold, Canadian home. As well, I am grateful for scholarships from the Council for British Research in the Levant, the British Society for Middle Eastern Studies and SOAS, which together made it possible for me to do intensive field research in Israel/Palestine and to complete my study. This work has also received the endless support and contributions of friends and family; even when our political and personal disagreements seemed insurmountable, their love and encouragement never faltered. In particular, my colleagues at SOAS, Dr. Katie Natanel, Dr. Elian Weizman and Edwige Fortier, whose support, reassurance and warmth helped me to see my work – and myself – as robust and relevant; and who know how hard it is to remain focused and self-assured when battered down in the process of writing a PhD. I am also truly indebted to my mother, who is constantly pushing me towards my goals; to my brothers, who are always there for me; and to the larger circles of friends and family, who consistently believe in me. Finally, I do not have enough words or ways to express my gratitude to Eyal Schwartz, my husband, partner and best friend; who enabled me to travel, while he stayed home with our baby; who worked flexible hours so I could make it to classes; who listened to my frustrations, insecurities and hopes, and made me feel like I could succeed. I could not have done this without him, nor would I have wanted to. And, to Maya, the bravest, smartest, kindest, sweetest, funniest child, any mom could have or know: I thank her for her patience, love and constant reminder of why we want to change the world (as cheesy as that sounds, it’s the absolute truth). 6 A Word on Language In this thesis, Arab terms and names have been transliterated into English, based primarily on their appearance in English language media sources. As well, the thesis primarily uses the English translations for most place names, as is the case of Jaffa and Acre. At the same time, when there is some contestation as to how a place-name is ‘translated’, the direct Arabic transliteration is used. This was the case with the use of the term ‘the Naqab’, which is the Arabic name for the desert region in which and for which the Bedouins’ land struggles take place. The term has been ‘Hebraised’ on Israeli maps, as ‘the Negev’. In this manuscript, ‘Negev’ only appears when taken from a direct quote or title of a document. In this way, this thesis attempts to take into account the fabric of language politics that reproduce relations of power in the Israeli/Palestinian context, and intersect with the use of maps, signs and symbols towards the colonisation of Palestinian space. It should also be noted that the English transliteration of the Arabic and Hebrew names of interlocutors to this study respects the individuals’ spelling of their own names.
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