In Architecture, an Arch Is an Opening in a Structure That Is Curved on Top and Designed to Distribute Weight
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Single Family Residence Design Guidelines
ADOPTED BY SANTA BARBARA CITY COUNCIL IN 2007 Available at the Community Development Department, 630 Garden Street, Santa Barbara, California, (805) 564-5470 or www.SantaBarbaraCA.gov 2007 CITY COUNCIL, 2007 ARCHITECTURAL BOARD OF REVIEW, 2007 Marty Blum, Mayor Iya Falcone Mark Wienke Randall Mudge Brian Barnwell Grant House Chris Manson-Hing Dawn Sherry Das Williams Roger Horton Jim Blakeley Clay Aurell Helene Schneider Gary Mosel SINGLE FAMILY DESIGN BOARD, 2010 UPDATE PLANNING COMMISSION, 2007 Paul R. Zink Berni Bernstein Charmaine Jacobs Bruce Bartlett Glen Deisler Erin Carroll George C. Myers Addison Thompson William Mahan Denise Woolery John C. Jostes Harwood A. White, Jr. Gary Mosel Stella Larson PROJECT STAFF STEERING COMMITTEE Paul Casey, Community Development Director Allied Neighborhood Association: Bettie Weiss, City Planner Dianne Channing, Chair & Joe Guzzardi Jaime Limón, Design Review Supervising Planner City Council: Helene Schneider & Brian Barnwell Heather Baker, Project Planner Planning Commission: Charmaine Jacobs & Bill Mahan Jason Smart, Planning Technician Architectural Board of Review: Richard Six & Bruce Bartlett Tony Boughman, Planning Technician (2009 Update) Historic Landmarks Commission: Vadim Hsu GRAPHIC DESIGN, PHOTOS & ILLUSTRATIONS HISTORIC LANDMARKS COMMISSION, 2007 Alison Grube & Erin Dixon, Graphic Design William R. La Voie Susette Naylor Paul Poirier & Michael David Architects, Illustrations Louise Boucher H. Alexander Pujo Bill Mahan, Illustrations Steve Hausz Robert Adams Linda Jaquez & Kodiak Greenwood, -
The 3D CFD Study of Gliding Swimmer on Passive Hydrodynamics Drag
302 Vol.57, n.2: pp. 302-308, March-April 2014 BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF ISSN 1516-8913 Printed in Brazil BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL The 3D CFD Study of Gliding Swimmer on Passive Hydrodynamics Drag Vishveshwar Rajendra Mantha 1,2,3 *, Daniel Almeida Marinho 2,4 , Antonio Jose Silva 2,3 and Abel Ilah Rouboa 1,5 1Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro; Vila Real - Portugal. 2Centre of Research in Sports; Health and Human Development; CIDESD; Vila Real - Portugal. 3Department of Sport Sciences; Exercise and Health; University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro; Vila Real - Portugal. 4Department of Sport Sciences; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã - Portugal. 5Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia - USA ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of depth on the hydrodynamic drag coefficient during the passive underwater gliding after the starts and turns. The swimmer hydrodynamics performance was studied by the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The steady-state CFD simulations were performed by the application of k - omega turbulent model and volume of fluid method to obtain two-phase flow around a three- dimensional swimmer model when gliding near water surface and at different depths from the water surface. The simulations were conducted for four different swimming pool size, each with different depth, i.e., 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 m for three different velocities, i.e., 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 m/s, with swimmer gliding at different depths with intervals of 0.25 m, each starting from the water surface, respectively. -
2020.06.04 Lecture Notes 10Am Lecture 3 – Estereostàtic (Stereostatic: Solid + Force of Weight Without Motion)
2020.06.04 Lecture Notes 10am Lecture 3 – Estereostàtic (stereostatic: solid + force of weight without motion) Welcome back to Antoni Gaudí’s Influence on the Contemporary Architecture of Barcelona and Bilbao. Housekeeping Items for New Students: Muting everyone (background noise) Questions > Raise Hand & Chat questions to Erin (co-host). 5 to 10 minute break & 10 to 15 minutes at end for Q&A 2x (Calvet chair) Last week, 1898 same time Gaudí’s finishing cast figures of the Nativity Façade. Started construction on Casa Calvet (1898-1900) influence of skeletons on chair, bones as props/levers for body movement, develops natural compound curved form. Gaudí was turning toward nature for inspiration on structure and design. He studied the growth and patterns of flowers, seeds, grass reeds, but most of all the human skeleton, their form both functional and aesthetic. He said, these natural forms made up of “paraboloids, hyperboloids and helicoids, constantly varying the incidence of the light, are rich in matrices themselves, which make ornamentation and even modeling unnecessary.” 1x (Calvet stair) Traditional Catalan method of brickwork vaulting (Bóvedas Tabicadas), artform in stairways, often supported by only one wall, the other side open to the center. Complexity of such stairs required specialist stairway builders (escaleristas), who obtained the curve for the staircase vaults by hanging a chain from two ends and then inverting this form as a guide for laying the bricks to the arch profile. 1x (Vizcaya bridge) 10:15 Of these ruled geometries, one that he had studied in architectural school, was the catenary curve: profile resulting from a cable hanging under its own weight (uniformly applied load)., which five years earlier used for the Vizcaya Bridge, west of Bilbao (1893), suspension steel truss. -
Simple Innovative Comparison of Costs Between Tied-Arch Bridge and Cable-Stayed Bridge
MATEC Web of Conferences 258, 02015 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20192 5802015 SCESCM 20 18 Simple innovative comparison of costs between tied-arch bridge and cable-stayed bridge Järvenpää Esko1,*, Quach Thanh Tung2 1WSP Finland, Oulu, Finland 2WSP Finland, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Abstract. The proposed paper compares tied-arch bridge alternatives and cable-stayed bridge alternatives based on needed load-bearing construction material amounts in the superstructure. The comparisons are prepared between four tied arch bridge solutions and four cable-stayed bridge solutions of the same span lengths. The sum of the span lengths is 300 m. The rise of arch as well as the height of pylon and cable arrangements follow optimal dimensions. The theoretic optimum rise of tied-arch for minimum material amount is higher than traditionally used for aesthetic reason. The optimum rise for minimum material amount parabolic arch is shown in the paper. The mathematical solution uses axial force index method presented in the paper. For the tied-arches the span-rise-ration of 3 is used. The hangers of the tied-arches are vertical-The tied-arches are calculated by numeric iteration method in order to get moment-less arch. The arches are designed as constant stress arch. The area and the weight of the cross section follow the compression force in the arch. In addition the self-weight of the suspender cables are included in the calculation. The influence of traffic loads are calculated by using a separate FEM program. It is concluded that tied-arch is a competitive alternative to cable-stayed bridge especially when asymmetric bridge spans are considered. -
Architecture (ARCH) 1
Architecture (ARCH) 1 their architectural use. ARCH 504 Materials and Building Construction ARCHITECTURE (ARCH) II (3) This first-year graduate seminar course will continue to present students with information on fundamental and advanced building ARCH 501: Analysis of Architectural Precedents: Ancient Industrial materials and systems and on construction technologies associated with Revolution their architectural use. Students will also consider the advancements in architectural materials and technologies. It is the second part of 3 Credits a two-semester sequence preceded by ARCH 503. Recurrent course Analysis of architectural precendents from antiquity to the turn of the themes include 1) architecture as a product of culture (wisdom, abilities, twentieth century through methodologies emphasizing research and aspirations), 2) architecture as a product of place (materials, tools, critical inquiry. The 20th century Italian architectural historian and topography, climate), the relationship between architectural appearance theorist Manfredo Tafuri argued that architecture was intrinsically presented and the mode of construction employed, 3) materials and forward-looking and utopian: "project" in both the sense of "a design making as an expression of an idea and 4) the relationship of a building project" and a leap into the future, like "projectile" or "projection." However, whole to a detail. This course is motivated by these concerns: a firm he also argued that architectural history, understood deeply and critically, belief that architects -
Islamic Domes of Crossed-Arches: Origin, Geometry and Structural Behavior
Islamic domes of crossed-arches: Origin, geometry and structural behavior P. Fuentes and S. Huerta Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain ABSTRACT: Crossed-arch domes are one of the earliest types of ribbed vaults. In them the ribs are intertwined forming polygons. The earliest known vaults of this type are found in the Great Mosque of Córdoba in Spain built in the mid 10th century, though the type appeared later in places as far as Armenia or Persia. This has generated a debate on their possible origin; a historical outline is given and the different hypotheses are discussed. Geometry is a fundamental part and the different patterns are examined. Though geometry has been thoroughly studied in Hispanic-Muslim decoration, the geometry of domes has very rarely been considered. The geometrical patterns in plan will be examined and afterwards, the geometric problems of passing from the plan to the three-dimensional space will be considered. Finally, a discussion about the possible structural behaviour of these domes is sketched. Crossed-arch domes are a singular type of ribbed vaults. Their characteristic feature is that the ribs that form the vault are intertwined, forming polygons or stars, leaving an empty space in the centre. The fact that the earliest known vaults of this type are found in the Great Mosque of Córdoba, built in the mid 10th century, has generated a debate on their possible origin. The thesis that appears to have most support is that of the eastern origin. This article describes the different hypothesis, to then proceed with a discussion of the geometry. -
Dome Construction
DOME CONSTRUCTION For further information on dome construction Application of Domes: Blue mosque, XVIth century – Istanbul, Turkey Please contact: ( Æ 23.50 m, 43 m high) n Plain masonry built with blocks or bricks n Floors for multi-storey buildings, they can be leveled flat n Roofs, they can be left like that and they will be waterproofed UNITED NATIONS CENTRE n Earthquakes zones, they can be used with a reinforced ringbeam FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENTS They are Built Free Spanning: (UNCHS - HABITAT) n It means that they are built without form n This way is also called the Nubian technique PO Box 30030, Nairobi, KENYA Timber Saving: Phone: (254-2) 621234 n Domes are built with bricks and blocks (rarely with stones) Fax: (254-2) 624265 Variety of Plans and Shapes: E-mail: [email protected] Treasure of Atreus – Tomb of Agamemnon (Æ +/- 18m) n Domes can be built on round, square, rectangular rooms, etc. Mycene, Greece (+/- 1500 BC) n They allow a wider variety of shapes than vaults AUROVILLE BUILDING CENTRE Stability Study: (AVBC / EARTH UNIT) n The shape of a dome is crucial for stability, and a stability study is Office, often needed. Be careful, a wrong shape will collapse Auroshilpam, Auroville - 605 101 Dhyanalingam Temple – Coimbatore, India Auroville, India elliptical section ( Æ 22.16 m, 9.85 m high) (3.63 m side, Need of Skilled Masons: Tamil Nadu, INDIA 0.60 m rise) n Building a dome requires trained masons. Never improvise when Phone: +91 (0)413-622277 / 622168 building domes, ask advice from skilled people Fax: +91 (0)413-622057 -
Architecture - ARCH 1
Architecture - ARCH 1 Architecture - ARCH Courses ARCH 1000 CAREERS IN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION (1) LEC. 1, LST. 1. Introduction to the environmental design and construction professions and the curricula in the chosen field. ARCH 1010 INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (6) LEC/STU. 12. Coreq. ARCH 1060. Principles of visual organization, research and design process skills, and the graphic communication of form and ideas. ARCH 1020 INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE DESIGN II (6) LEC. 6, LST. 12. Pr. ARCH 1010 and ARCH 1000 and ARCH 1060. Coreq. ARCH 1420. Principles of visual organization, research and design process skills, and the graphic communication of form and ideas. ARCH 1060 VISUAL COMMUNICATION (2) LEC/STU. 2. Introduction to graphic communication. Focus on developing graphic skills for the purpose of explaining form and communicating ideas via exercises in drafting, sketching, and diagramming. ARCH 1420 INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL MEDIA (3) LEC. 3, LST. 0. Pr. ARCH 1060. Introduction to the principles of 2-D and 3-D digital media and how these principles are utilized in architectural design. ARCH 2010 STUDIO I (6) LEC. 2, LST. 10. Pr. ARCH 1020 and ARCH 1420. Basic issues of architectural design centered around the thoughtful creation of exterior and interior space. Studies of light, material, texture, proportion, scale, and site are integrated into each project. ARCH 2020 STUDIO II (6) LEC. 2, LST. 10. Pr. ARCH 2010. Fundamental design process skills including observation, analysis, and synthesis. ARCH 2110 HISTORY OF WORLD ARCHITECTURE I (3) LEC. 3. Pr. ARCH 1020. Examination of the social determinants that shape the public beliefs and practices that produce buildings. -
Arch-Architecture 1
ARCH-ARCHITECTURE 1 ARCH 1110. Architectural Drawing ARCH-ARCHITECTURE 4 Credits (2+4P) This course is designed as an introduction to architectural drawing and ARCH 1105. Orientation and Mentoring in Architecture-Construction- design for students without prior experience in the fine arts. Students Engineering (ACE) are guided through a series of spatial and analytical exercises that 1-6 Credits (1-6) focus attention on not only how architects draw, but also the reasoning This course is intended for high school dual credit students and and processes embedded within the technique. Students are provided college/university students wishing to explore careers in Architecture, exposure to a wide range of interconnected architectural concepts Construction, and Engineering (ACE), which includes the specific fields and to manual and digital drawing, as well as modeling techniques for of Architectural, Civil, Mechanical, Structural, Interior, Landscape, architectural and interior design. Students will learn how to represent Sustainability, and Environmental. Students receive one-on-one composition, form, and space by orthographic drawing, paraline and mentoring, attend field trips, and engage in hands-on activities. May be perspective views, and freehand sketching. Three-dimensional model repeated up to 6 credits. Restricted to Community Colleges campuses building techniques will also be introduced. Learning Outcomes Learning Outcomes 1. Career opportunities related to ‘ACE’ 1. Gain understanding of basic methods of architectural drawing 2. Career requirements: Education 2. Explore and gain understanding of concepts of spatial design and its 3. Career requirements: Experience and/or examination(s) representation through exercises 4. Overview of construction/management 3. That stress analytical ability and an awareness of rational design 5. -
An Alternative Explanation of the Royal and Select Master Degrees
An Alternative Explanation of the Royal and Select Master Degrees by Sir Knight Gene Fricks The legends behind the ritual of the Royal and Select Masters degrees are among those with only a vague basis in biblical antecedents. Unlike the legend of Hiram and the building of the first temple or that of Zerubabbel and the second temple, we have only a passing mention of Adoniram as the first overseer of King Solomon and a listing of Solomon's chief officers in I Kings 4:4. We do not find the secret passageway or the nine arches described in the II Kings story of the temple's construction. Recognizing that the writers of the original rituals were men steeped in classical learning, we should look elsewhere for the source of this story. I suggest that the writings of the 15th century Arab historian, Mudjir ad-Din, may have been that source. What prompted this thought was the celebration of the 3000th anniversary of Jerusalem several years ago and the renewed interest in its ruins that the commemoration sparked. Let us review some of Jerusalem's history after the Roman destruction of Herod's Temple in 70 A.D. to set some background. Titus and his son Vespasian conquered Jerusalem after a long and bloody siege. Determined to bring the recalcitrant Jews to heel, the Roman 10th Legion, left to garrison the city, were ordered to level the temple down to its foundations. What we see today in Jerusalem is the temple mount platform upon which the temple sat, all that remains of Herod's imposing construction project. -
Chemicals Found in Pool Water Can Be Derived from a Number of Sources
CHAPTER 4 CChemicalhemical hhazardsazards hemicals found in pool water can be derived from a number of sources: the source Cwater, deliberate additions such as disinfectants and the pool users themselves (see Figure 4.1). This chapter describes the routes of exposure to swimming pool chemi- cals, the chemicals typically found in pool water and their possible health effects. While there is clearly a need to ensure proper consideration of health and safety issues for operators and pool users in relation to the use and storage of swimming pool chemicals, this aspect is not covered in this volume. Chemicals in pool, hot tub and spa water Source water-derived: Bather-derived: Management-derived: disinfection by-products; urine; disinfectants; precursors sweat; pH correction chemicals; dirt; coagulants lotions (sunscreen, cosmetics, soap residues, etc.) Disinfection by-products: e.g. trihalomethanes; haloacetic acids; chlorate; nitrogen trichloride Figure 4.1. Possible pool water contaminants in swimming pools and similar environments 4.1 Exposure There are three main routes of exposure to chemicals in swimming pools and similar environments: • direct ingestion of water; • inhalation of volatile or aerosolized solutes; and • dermal contact and absorption through the skin. 60 GUIDELINES FOR SAFE RECREATIONAL WATER ENVIRONMENTS llayoutayout SSafeafe WWater.inddater.indd 8822 224.2.20064.2.2006 99:57:05:57:05 4.1.1 Ingestion The amount of water ingested by swimmers and pool users will depend upon a range of factors, including experience, age, skill and type of activity. The duration of ex- posure will vary signifi cantly in different circumstances, but for adults, extended ex- posure would be expected to be associated with greater skill (e.g. -
The Influence of the Arch
The Influence of the Arch The Influence of the Arch by ReadWorks The lasting influence of ancient Rome is apparent in many areas of our contemporary society. Sophisticated elements of law, engineering, literature, philosophy, architecture, and art can all be traced back to the Roman Empire. But perhaps one of the most lasting contributions from Roman civilization is something we see nearly every day: the Roman arch. An arch is a curved structure designed to support or strengthen a building. Arches are traditionally made of stone, brick, or concrete; some modern arches are made of steel or laminated wood. The wedge-shaped blocks that form the sides of an arch are called voussoirs, and the top center stone, called the keystone, is the last block to be inserted. During construction, the arch is supported from below before the keystone is put in. The curve of an arch may take different shapes, but it is often a rounded or pointed semicircle. Although the Romans revolutionized the arch, the structure has been around since before them. The Assyrians used arches to construct vaulted chambers or underground drains. However, these early arches were only suitable for small structures. The designs weren't sophisticated enough to support larger edifices, like palaces or government buildings. The Romans, however, improved the arch and made it strong enough for large-scale, widespread use. By developing an arch capable of supporting huge amounts of weight, they laid the groundwork for some of the most important advancements in architectural history. The arch became a vital feature of bridges, gates, sewers, and aqueducts, which in turn were integral to the modernization of cities.