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РУКОВОДЯЩИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ По Конструированию Прикладного Программного Обеспечения Для Операционной Системы Общего Назначения «Astra Linux Common Edition» Листов 82

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Открытое акционерное общество «Научно-производственное объединение Русские Базовые Информационные Технологии» РУКОВОДЯЩИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ по конструированию прикладного программного обеспечения для операционной системы общего назначения «Astra Linux Common Edition» Листов 82 Москва 2018 2 АННОТАЦИЯ Настоящие руководящие указания по конструированию предназначены для раз- работчиков прикладных программ, автоматизированных систем управления и аппаратно- программных средств на базе платформы операционной системы общего назначения «Astra Linux Common Edition» Орёл версии 2.12 (далее по тексту — ОС ОН) и будут полезны тем, кто рассматривает вопрос перевода (адаптации) своих разработок с других платформ общего назначения (Windows, Linux и Unix-подобных ОС). Дается краткий обзор состава ОС ОН и принципов ее версионности, устройства репозитория пакетов, основ разработки программ для многофункционального оконного менеджера FLY, использования основных средств разработки. 3 СОДЕРЖАНИЕ 1. Состав дистрибутива ОС ОН . 7 1.1. Базовые библиотеки и утилиты . 8 1.2. Графическая система и многофункциональный оптимизированный рабочий стол 8 1.3. Средства разработки и отладки . 9 1.4. СУБД . 10 1.5. Общее программное обеспечение (ОПО) . 10 2. Принципы обновления версий ОС ОН . 11 2.1. Общие принципы . 11 2.2. Номер версии дистрибутива . 11 3. Инструкция по развертыванию локального репозитория . 13 4. Руководство по сборке и разработке пакетов . 14 4.1. Обзор задач . 14 4.2. Типы пакетов . 14 4.3. Форматы хранения пакетов с исходными кодами . 14 4.4. Система управления патчами quilt . 16 4.4.1. Пакеты исходного кода формата «3.0 (native)» . 17 4.4.2. Пакеты исходного кода формата «3.0 (quilt)» . 17 4.4.3. Дерево исходных кодов . 18 4.4.4. Сборка пакета исходных кодов . 19 4.4.5. Интеграция с quilt . 20 4.5. Использование Subversion . 20 4.5.1. Собственные пакеты . 21 4.5.2. Дебианизируемые пакеты . 22 4.5.3. Наследуемые пакеты . 23 4.6. Формирование пакетов с исходными текстами . 24 4.7. Сборка бинарных пакетов . 24 4.8. Разработка пакета с драйверами . 24 5. Особенности разработки приложений с графическим интерфейсом, взаимодейству- ющих с рабочим столом Fly . 34 5.1. Среда сборки . 34 5.2. Группы и имена приложений . 34 4 5.3. Сборка . 35 5.4. Указание секции дистрибутива в пакетах . 35 5.5. Основные файлы приложения Fly . 36 5.5.1. Файл .pro . 36 5.5.2. Файл desktop entry . 38 5.5.3. Файл перевода . 40 5.5.4. Файл для определения иконок приложений . 40 5.5.5. Дополнительные параметры . 41 5.6. Разработка приложения . 41 5.6.1. Общие требования . 41 5.6.2. Абсолютные и относительные пути . 43 5.6.3. Средства разработки . 45 5.6.4. Локализация . 46 5.6.5. Диалоги . 46 5.6.6. Меню . 47 5.6.7. Сохранение настроек . 47 5.6.8. Использование тем иконок . 48 5.6.9. MIME-типы . 49 5.6.10. Использование звуковой темы . 49 5.7. Пример простейшего приложения с использованием flybuild . 51 5.7.1. Перевод на русский язык . 52 5.8. Взаимодействие с рабочим столом . 52 5.8.1. Иконки и заголовки окон . 52 5.8.2. Системный трей . 53 5.8.3. Автозапуск . 53 5.8.4. Меню «Пуск» и рабочий стол . 53 5.8.5. Корзина . 56 5.8.6. Перетаскивание объектов на рабочем столе . 57 5.8.7. Подсистема помощи . 58 5.8.8. Синхронизация с менеджером окон fly-wm . 58 5.8.9. Полноэкранный режим . 59 5.8.10. Смена раскладки клавиатуры . 59 5.8.11. Дополнительные панели . 59 5 5.9. Плагины для менеджера файлов Fly-fm . 60 5.10. Настройки планшетного режима . 60 5.11. Приложения и права администратора . 60 6. Разработка ПО для взаимодействия с СУБД PostgreSQL . 61 6.1. Клиентские программные интерфейсы . 61 6.2. Программирование сервера . 62 7. Разработка ПО для взаимодействия с web-сервером Apache . 66 7.1. CGI . 66 7.1.1. Конфигурирование web-сервера Apache . 66 7.1.2. Разработка CGI-скриптов . 68 7.1.3. Типовые ошибки при разработке CGI-скриптов . 69 7.2. SSI . 69 7.2.1. Конфигурирование web-сервера Apache . 70 7.2.2. Директивы . 71 7.3. FastCGI . 71 7.4. WSGI . 71 7.4.1. Конфигурирование web-сервера Apache . 71 7.4.2. Разработка скриптов для mod_wsgi . 72 8. Основные пакеты и службы Astra Linux . 74 8.1. Инфраструктурные службы . 74 8.2. Файловые службы . 75 8.3. Защита информации . 75 8.4. WEB-сервисы и приложения . 76 8.5. Доменные службы . 76 8.6. СУБД . 77 8.7. Кластеризация . 77 8.8. Виртуализация . 77 8.9. Почтовые серверы и клиенты . 77 8.10. Системное ПО . 77 8.11. Прикладное и пользовательское ПО . 78 8.12. Мультимедиа . ..
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