Publication of The Journal of History is underwritten by major grants from the Robert D. L. Gardiner Foundation and the Quest for Truth Foundation, established by the late James G. Scripps. Additional support is provided by “The Journal of San Diego History Fund” of the San Diego Foundation and private donors.

Founded in 1928 as the San Diego Historical Society, today’s is one of the largest and oldest historical organizations on the West Coast. It houses vast regionally signi cant collections of objects, photographs, documents, lms, oral histories, historic clothing, paintings, and other works of art. The San Diego History Center operates two major facilities in national historic landmark districts: The Research Library and History Museum in and the Serra Museum in Presidio Park. The San Diego History Center presents dynamic changing exhibitions that tell the diverse stories of San Diego’s past, present, and future, and it provides educational programs for K-12 schoolchildren as well as adults and families. www.sandiegohistory.org

Front Cover: The San Salvador entering on September 4, 2015. Photo by Jerry Soto.

Back Cover: The San Salvador leaving its contruction site courtesy of the Marine Group, Chula Vista. Photo by Jerry Soto.

Design and Layout: Allen Wynar

Printing: Crest O set Printing

Editorial Assistants: Travis Degheri Cynthia van Stralen Joey Seymour

Articles appearing in The Journal of San Diego History ra e abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life.

The paper in the publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Science-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.

The Journal of San Diego History

IRIS H. W. ENGSTRAND MOLLY McCLAIN Editors

THEODORE STRATHMAN DAVID MILLER Review Editors

Published since 1955 by the SAN DIEGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY 1649 El Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego, 92101 ISSN 0022-4383 The Journal of San Diego History

VOLUME 61 SUMMER/FALL 2015 NUMBERS 3 & 4

Editorial Consultants Published quarterly by the San Diego History Center at 1649 El Prado, Balboa MATTHEW BOKOVOY Park, San Diego, California 92101. of Nebraska Press A $60.00 annual membership in the WILLIAM DEVERELL San Diego History Center includes University of ; subscription to The Journal of San Director, Huntington-USC Institute Diego History and the SDHC Times. of California and the West All back issues are accessible at www. VICTOR GERACI sandiegohistory.org. University of California, Berkeley Articles and book reviews for publication consideration, as well as DONALD H. HARRISON editorial correspondence, should be Publisher, San Diego Jewish World addressed to Editors, The Journal of San J. MICHAEL KELLY Diego History, Department of History, Committee of 100 Balboa Park , 5998 Alcalá Park, San Diego, CA 92110 ROGER W. LOTCHIN University of North Carolina Chapel Hill All article submissons should be computer generated, double-spaced JOHN PUTMAN with endnotes, and follow the Chicago San Diego State University Manual of Style. Authors should ANDREW ROLLE submit an electronic copy in Microsoft The Huntington Library Word. Photographs must be submitted separately at 300ppi. ROGER SHOWLEY The San Diego Union-Tribune The San Diego History Center assumes no responsibility for the statements or ABE SHRAGGE opinions of the authors or reviewers. Independent Historian ©2015 by the San Diego History Center RAYMOND STARR ISSN 0022-4383 San Diego State University, emeritus Periodicals postage paid at San Diego, CA Publication No. 331-870 PHOEBE S. K. YOUNG (619) 232-6203 University of at Boulder www.sandiegohistory.org

Note: For a change of address, please call (619) 232-6203 ext. 102 or email [email protected]

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CONTENTS

VOLUME 61 SUMMER/FALL 2015 NUMBERS 3 & 4

ARTICLES

The San Salvador Sails into San Diego By Iris Engstrand and Harry Kelsey 437 Safeguarding the Innocent: Travelers’ Aid at the Panama-California Exposition, 1915 Eric C. Cimino 455 Peter C. Remondino, MD: the Man and his Library George W. Kaplan 475

Matanza: A Reinterpretation of a Presidio Site Paul G. Chace 489 EXHIBIT REVIEWS 501 BOOK REVIEWS 507

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The Journal of San Diego History

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER Gayle Hom Steve Francis Charlotte Cagan Lucy C. Jackson Tom Karlo John Morrell Bob Kelly BOARD OF TRUSTEES Ann Navarra Helen Kinnaird Thompson Fetter, President Susan B. Peinado Yvonne W. Larsen Joe Craver, Vice President Sandra Perlatti David Malcolm Robert J. Watkins, Vice President Kay Porter Seth W. Mallios, Ph.D. Frank Alessi, Treasurer Margie Warner Jack Monger Ann Hill, Secretary Allan Wasserman Jimmy Parker Robert F. Adelizzi, President Emeritus Roger Zucchet Rana Sampson Hal Sadler FAIA, President Emeritus Hon. ADVISORY BOARD TRUSTEES Drew Schlosberg Malin Burnham Richard Bregante Mary L. Walshok, Ph.D. Thomas A. Caughlan, USMC, Ret. Diane Canedo Stephen B. Williams M. Wayne Donaldson, FAIA Ray Carpenter Hon. Pete Wilson Iris Engstrand, Ph.D. Debra Cushman-Parrish Karin E. Winner Kim Fletcher Dan Eaton

The San Diego History Center gratefully acknowledges the generous support of individuals contributing above $1,000 since August 1, 2014. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Adelizzi Mrs. Jacqueline M. Gillman Mrs. Kay Porter Mr. and Mrs. Frank Alessi Ms. Connie K. Golden Mrs. Susan Randerson Mr. and Mrs. Dominic Alessio Mr. James M. Hall Mr. and Mrs. M. Lea Rudee Mr. and Mrs. C. Neil Ash Dr. and Mrs. John D. Hill Mr. and Mrs. Hal Sadler Mr. and Mrs. Richard Bregante Ms. Gayle Hom Ms. Deborah Szekely Mr. and Mrs. Ed J. Brown Jr. Mr. William Newbern and Mr. Albert E. Trepte Mr. and Mrs. Malin Burnham Ms. Nora Hom Newbern Ms. Anne S. Vafis Mr. and Mrs. David Canedo Dr. Carl Hoppe and Diane Fletcher-Hoppe Jonathan Vick and Lael Montgomery, PhD Mr. Ray Carpenter Mr. and Mrs. Tom Jackson Dr. Robert D. Wallace Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Clay Dr. and Mrs. Michael Kelley Dr. Mary L. Walshok, PhD Mr. and Mrs. Boyd D. Collier Mr. and Mrs. Webster Kinnaird Mrs. Nell Waltz Mrs. Jane Cowgill Ms. Janet Klauber Mr. and Mrs. John H. Warner Ms. Debra Cushman-Parrish Mr. Peter R. LaDow Mr. and Mrs. Allan Wasserman Mr. and Mrs. Bram Dijkstra Mr. and Mrs. William Lawrence Mr. and Mrs. Bob Watkins Mr. Dan Eaton Ms. Patricia L. Mahoney Mr. and Mrs. James Wiesler Mr. and Mrs. Jim Elliott Mr. and Mrs. Edward C. Malone Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Williams Mrs. Anne L. Evans Mr. Scott and Mrs. Susan McMillin The Honorable Pete Wilson and Mr. and Mrs. Thompson Fetter Mr. and Mrs. James Milch Mrs. Gayle Wilson Mr. Nicholas M. Fintzelberg The Alice Miller Family Ms. Virginia Wofford and Mr. and Mrs. Kim Fletcher Mr. and Mrs. John Morrell Mr. Bill Christian Ms. Mary E. Fletcher Harker Ms. Ann Navarra Mr. and Mrs. Roger Zucchet Mr. and Mrs. Philip Gildred Ms. Susan Peinado Mr. and Mrs. George Gildred Ms. Sandra Perlatti

The San Diego History Center gratefully acknowledges the generous support of businesses and foundations contributing above $1,000 since August 1, 2014. A.O. Reed & Co. The Heller Foundation of San Diego Quest For Truth Foundation Academy of Our Lady of Peace The Historic Spreckels Theater and ResMed Corp. Allison and Robert Price Foundation Building Rita’s San Diego Charitable Foundation Anonymous Advised Fund Hom Family Fund The Robert David Lion Gardiner Barney and Barney Jane Trevor Fetter and Thompson Fetter Foundation, Inc. Carol & Henry F. Hunte Fund Fund Rotary Club of San Diego The Charles and Randi Wax Fund Jewish Community Foundation The Ruth Lane Charitable Foundation The Chase Group Jerome’s Furniture Samuel and Katherine French Fund City of San Diego Commission for The Philip Klauber Estate Samuel I. and John Henry Fox Arts & Culture LJ Galinson Advised Fund Foundation Claude and Dianna Hudnall Fund The Legler Benbough Foundation San Diego Center for Children Congregation Beth Israel Lyon Technologies, Inc. San Diego Gas & Electric The Corky McMillin Companies Marcus Ashley Galleries The Sheryl and Harvey White County of San Diego Meyer Charitable Foundation Foundation Cushman Foundation Milburn Family Estate Spreckels Properties LLC Cymer, Inc. Milton Fund The Thomas C. Ackerman Foundation David C. Copley Foundation Mission Basilica San Diego de Alcala The Thursday Club De Falco Family Foundation, Inc. Mission Federal Credit Union U.S. Bank Dr. Seuss Fund NTC Foundation Union Bank of California Ed and Mary Fletcher Fund The Parker Foundation University of California, San Diego Fidelity National Title Company Patrons of the Prado Wells Fargo Bank Frazee Enterprises Paul Bechtner Foundation Willis Allen Real Estate Frost Hardwood Lumber Co. Point Loma Nazarene University Hazard Construction Co. Price Philanthropies Foundation

516 The San Diego History Center gratefully acknowledges the generosity of the Robert D.L. Gardiner Foundation and the Quest for Truth Foundation for their ongoing support of The Journal of San Diego History

Contributions to support The Journal may also be made to The Journal of San Diego History Fund at

The San Diego Foundation (619) 235-2300 or (858) 385-1595 [email protected]