: — — :

Juno 15, 1S67.] THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 85

Proposed by Mr. Greenwood, seconded by Mr. Hirst : "That a deputation be sent from this meeting to tha annual meeting of tho United Society at Manchester, on June 27th, consisting of Mr. Stephenson, Mr. Hay, and Mr. Crawshaw."

: — UNITED SOCIETY OF CHEMISTS AND DRUGGISTS. Proposed by Mr. Crawshaw, seconded by Mr. Hirst " That the most hearty thanks of this meeting be given to Mr. Buott for hi3 instructive address, and also for hiB BLACKBURN. past exertions for the benefit of the trade." A meeting of the Chemists and Druggists of Blackburn Proposed by Mr. Buott, seconded by Mr. Hay : Hotel, 10th of May, to afford

THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [Jimo 15, 1 817. 8G

that it is for tho special benefit of the Pharmaceutical H uriety. It is not resolutions were unanimously agreed to. Tho following for I ho benefit of any society whatever. Parliament would not sanction, by Mr. Fare :— Is for the public, and is a Moved by Mr. Pollard, seconded such a Bill. But it benefit of the compromise and unincor|>oratod chemists and druggists for chemists and druggists of Halifax are gratified botwoen the corporated a "That the union of the tmde and the bettor service of tbe public. The public will Executives of the United Society and to learn that the soon understand that this Bill guarantees a superior class of dispensing Society have arrived at a mutual chemists out for such and whilst caring not to distin- the Pharmaceutical and look men ; druggUt, it understanding for an amended Pharmacy Bill, which guish a pharmaceutical chemist from a chemist and will single out and encourage men of superior Bklll. Diplomas are admirable into a common union ; and they shall bring the trade may goal of laudable ambition Btimulants to exertion, and bo the ; but consider that tho trade is under much obligation to the they cannot securo the prize of public favour. There are hundreds United Society for their unwearied efforts to bring about of surgeons who havo won for themselves fame and fortune, whilst there1 are as many physicians who, with tho higher diploma of .Ml* have had so desirable." a result to toil through life for bread. You m-.y have high sounding titles and Mr. Brearlt : many of them you may have a head as bright as a comet's, and a tall as Moved by Mr. Brierly, seconded by ; long and as brilliant to match, but neither the brightness of your bead, Messrs. Pollard, Brook, and Farr be appointed dele- "That nor the brilliancy of your tail, will ever be mistaken by the public for of the United Society, to gates to the annual meeting skill. Pharmaceutical chemists may succeed in shutting chemists and take place at Manchester, on the 27th June next." druggists, as clover as themselves, out of the Pharmaceutical Society upon the miserable plea that chemists and druggists called members of Votes of thanks to Mr. Buott, and to the chairman, the Pharmaceutical Society may be mistaken for pharmaceutical: the business of the evening. concluded chemists ; but they may rest assured that they will never add oue inch to their own intellectual stature, nor elevate themselves in public LEEDS. estimation by degrading chemists and druggists to a platform beneath their own. Can tbey not trust themselves to run the race f and the Executive Committee the Pharmaceutical Council Pharmaceutical Society? They have got incorporation icit/i the Phar- of the United Society of Chemists and Druggists. maceutical Society, and that is bettor still, because it brings the trade There were present Mr. Stead (the chairman), also into a common union. Such is the Bill for your adoption or rejection. I do not say it is a per- Keynolds, Hirst, Beedle, Horsfield, and other Messrs. fect Bill. On tho contrary, I admit it has serious imperfections, but gentlemen. I hope those imperfections will be dotected and rectified by the legisla- Mr. Stead, on opening the business of the meeting, said ture. As a whole, it is a good Bill. If you could roll the two Chemists.' and Druggists' Bills of 1865. without their objectionable clauses, into one, he had always felt that the union of the trade in one body you might get just such a Bill as this Amended Pharmacy Bill ; and the was the most practical means by which the evils afflicting wisest thing you can do, is to secure its enactment. the trade could be remedied, and chemists and druggists The question has been frequently asked, who originated tho circum- elevated and benefitted. It was veiy gratifying to him to stances which so unexpectedly led to the agreement of the two societies upon this Bill ? It is, perhaps, fortunate that the authorities on neither learn that the two societies had come to a good understand- side have any claim to the initiative in the matter, in October last the ing for the accomplishment of this desirable object, and he Pharmaceutical Council had not thought it expedient to submit their should now call upon Mr. Buott, whom he was glad to see "suggestions" for a new Bill to tho judgment of the trade; and the Executive Committee of the United Society did not only not anticipate there, to explain the provisions of the contemplated Bill, such an event, but they officially declared "that after another year's and to state any matter of interest in relation to it. fruitless effort to securo friendly co-operation they must turn away from Mr. Btjott then addressed the meeting as follows : the Pharmaceutical Council," and urged the United Society to prepare for independent action. Such was the relation in which the two administra- Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen : Our inquiry is—what doe* the pro- tive bodies stood to each other immediately preceding the Manchester posed Pharmacy 13i)l profess, and what is it likely to perform? The meeting. There was a gulf between them. On tho one side, was the object ol the Bill, as stated in the preamble, is to secure the safety of the Pharmaceutical Council—wishful to attract the unincorporated trade, but public by providing competent chemibts and druggists. But this simple proudly disdaining to negotiate with the United Society ; on the other proposal involves an administrative institution with certain powers, side, was the Executive Committee—equally wishful for union, but privileges, and duties therefore, the practical question ; arises—what are repulsed by this Council, and reluctantly but bravely preparing for action. the powers, privileges, and duties provided by the clauses of the Bill ? How was this gulf to be bridged over and the two societies brought Before, however, we euter upon such inquiry, it is desiiable to remove togethor? several misapprehensions. I will now truthfully narrate tho circumstances as tbey transpired. In 1. The Bill now under consideration is the not Pharmacy Bill of 1864 October last several of our Provincial Associations were visited under the and 1865, so strenuously opposed by the United Society. authority of the Executivo Committee. My instructions were to make 2. This Bill doos not interfere with any man in his business, except my visit a mission of peace and good-will, and to cultivate the friendly as stated in tho 24th clause, that he shall be required to affix a label with feeling of the members of tho Pharmaceutical Society. That I carried out his name and addn ss to all poisons he may sell. my instructions to the satisfaction of the Committee, is testified by the 8. If a chomist and druggist's name be put upon the Register, that thanks they accorded to me for my services. If I now allude to tho great does not make him a member of the Pharmaceutical Society. discouragement with which I commenced my journey, it is only to place 4. If a registered chemist and druggist bo elected a member of the in bright contrast with it the hope that six years of intimacy with the Pharmaceutical Society, that does not constitute him a pharmaceutical chemist. chemists and druggists of the country had secured for mo some little personal esteem which might be turned to account Considering that I 5. The fact of a porson passing his examination does not constitute him had actually seen the majority of them face to f:»co, that I had rejoiced a member of tho Pharmaceutical Society. This with many of them in their prosperity, and sympathized with 6. Bill does not give to any body a monopoly in the sale of drugs them in their adversity, that many of them had confided to me their 7. It does not exempt all assistants and apprentices from examination. family and business secrets, and had consulted me in their difficulties, 6t!lted what tho Bill will not do, will I now inform you what seeing, in fact, that in daily the Bill proposes to do. I had been communication with them, it is no egotism in mo to acknowledge my familiar acquaintance with their 1. It provides a Register for all existing chemists and druggists and wants and wishes as a trade ; I mts twcnty-°no ca but must, with equal candour, declare my r "> °f all apprentices who may have conviction «r^w y°a »t the thnt whatever esteem I may have won, whatever influence 1 ? ™ time of the passing of the Act, and all persons who ma hereafter may havo gained, or whatever success I may have achieved for the Society, . become chemists and druggists. that esteem, that influence, that success is not attributable to any undue 11 registen;d chemists and druggists and assistants from jury service'! assumption of authority, as has been so unkindly affirmed, but to my tb deference to tho judgment of others, and to my persevering efforts for the ° rigWs °f wbole8ale dealers, rod dealers in choroicauT" photographic incorporation of the trade. To bring tho 0 two Societies together became to mo more than an " ° f th ° Bene™lont Fund to all registered chtmVsts'anS dru^isu" object— it was a passionate desire ; but so long as tho Council of the one Society and the Executive of the othor wore at varianco, there was not the slightest hope of co-operation, and it occurred to mo that the trade had better bring a pressure upon both of thorn, and tell them to "move lie Pharmaceutical Society to " n'" on." To act, thereforo, upon the Council and the Executive through tbe ,™ mteu tor election up™ tho Council. 7 If ni 7 li TOrn,n trado, instead of, as heretofore, acting upon tho tindo through the nt of tha In«»tution in tho hands of 21 mLbor, ofor wl,,^ . ? Council and tho Executivo, U wh;>m must bo pharmaceutical became my policy. The first meeting, with ! chemists ; 7 of thorn may Kl d this object in vifw, was held at Birmingham, where tho resolutions ,J a"d U 0Ut of th0 21 SfebJ must J^fe*^r 3S* S embodied tho principles and objocts of tho United Society The sc/tad was hold at Hanlcy, whore tho resolutions developed the spirit of 3 choml8t and dru?giat nn independence which animated our members ; and the third was held at "KS^^^^^s Manchester, where the resolutions woro so framod as to show to tho 1 inembors of tho United Society that their principles and objects might rod' bo promoted, and their '"TO"10 '1 brothorhood, indepondenco maintained by means of an ^^^^^„nd provldo ft coll , i^^^toSfnr in n. th Amended Pharmacy Hill, which should havo tho concurrence of the ln th ° !">owlodgo «q«»Wto for » a succossfTil Pharmaceutical but" S wZro' ZLf^ Society. Four wooks woro dovotod to visiting our y mcot wlth encouragement rod achieve distinction membors at Manchester and neighlwuring towns. Thon came the result Tho meeting was a success. Tho resolutions were enthusiastically not 0litic ", thls , ° Bi ». b»t to explain roT '" l< '°u adopted. They were sent idmSuiSt'St^SK^P ">». rod I wish to guard this through the Executive C"mmlttoe to the meeting against tho assumption I harmaceutical Council. The Council responded to the resolutions by — —

AND DEUGGTST. 87 June 15, 1847.] THE CHEMIST

meeting druygists in relation to the well-being of the rmbishn? thoir own "Suggestions." Thou followed the London chemists and the menu —then tho deputntiou— tlien tho Conionnce; nnd, lastly, y trade. The Umted Society had worked assuluotuly for the aS tiade, much pleasure in moving Slurg. or M*n< he-tor, benefit of tho and he hud ll wi*a ne.e=sAry put of my pi™ fas I to'd Mr. Phnnnnceu ienl Counoll to this lesoliition. a numb he re the nno i gi to induce tin " ol the trade llii- congratulated pnbli-h 'heir Sug.,'. s i- ns lor 'ho incorporation Mr. Reedle seconded the resolution, and p- able Mnnehest-r re olutfi 8 woio publ sh d tin v did >.« »omi as s The the TJnitt-d S tiety upon tlio position it lmd uttained, bur, LSOtf, a' on the st a.nd Duccoist on tlio I nth V- con. d in i l.o Cukm the •* Suggest inn", through the efforts of the Executive Committee, since 1st of January f.Jli.wn? tlio C unc 1 published their h i hmde,*? acc-'—i'ai.yir g tlicni «ith tho emi batv oxelama ion-" formation of t his society. i g. wo e remarkable Ti e few weeks that preceded ho Manchester on eth Mr. Hirst m.'ved, that the following eentlemen, Messrs. bay. and the uhemiHta for an umbo's -ilenco Tlio two Sioamios wore at enly Stead, Horsfield, Greashy, Beedl-, Hirst, and Ye«dall, be and druggists nf tl>u comtrv asked despairingly what next? Snd ovei hung tho trade, meeting there was an open ng in th- Hark . h ud which hud appointed a deputation Ir .m L. eds to the unnual " WU .t hinders " tho nnd tho words what hiudtrt cam.) bright tn view. of the United Society, to be hold at Manchester on the 27ih ts h- biethreu? un on oi" thi trade— win- mav not ehemiata and dmggi l to existence, and of Juno next. Ihatpiobl in whieh had • oiled ti.o U. it.-d .-o-iety had wrecked this had pitat d the trade fo'- seven yc rs—that ptob'oni which Mr. Horsfield had much pleasure in seconding that £.',(100 ill the House . f Commons— problem two I i N and probably resolution. the union of 'ho imd.-, which the Leui-l ituro, the oiindli f tlio Phirma- Me. Greaslet then moved the following resolution : ceutx-nl Society, and tho Executive Conmiittee i>f tho United Society had almost abaii't.'ned in despair - that problem wa-> solved by two o.- throe "That the thanks of this meeting he given to Mr. Buott resolutions, sinmle in their nature, but carefully drawn up, and wisely for his lucid expo-ition of the con'emplated Pharmacy adopted b\ tho eh< mist and druugists of Manchester.. Bill, and that the Editor of the Chemist and Druggist I beg now to record my gra iiudo to Mr. Al ;erman Howkcr, M;\ Shtirg. tie insero Mr. Buoit's I a journal respect ullv r- qu-sted to and t tho i umerous friends who rei.dero tho Manchester mpetiug Mancho-tcr meetini", sh dl success. And now, alt. r j istly ehlogishtu the speech in that j. uinal in cxUn>o." I Society ho-u whieh it. I n'-g'ect the praise whieh is due to the Unite the reso- at that Mr. Eeynolds had ^reat pleasure in seconding sprang? I shall not forget A'dernvm Bowker* exclamation an expl"n«tiou <>f nieetinsr—" wo are proud •four Uni e.l So iety !" And well we may be ! lution, as Mr. Buott had given to good It is a powe. in o e coil' try. It was the Unted Society which fir t the proposed Bill, and he was happy to think that the t wo Organization, and made brought chemists and druguis's into Iriend y societies had come to a mutual undcrst»ndiog >>nd was i rutect mid mote it them feel t hat they had ime.ie.-ts ill common to pr ; likely us the umon of the was the United So'ciuly whieh first excitu aitention to the danger of tiie to lead to so satu-fa toiy a re.-ult public, and the degmded c ndition of tho trade from ignorant nnd two societies, as he had no doubt it would benefit the trade d Society that incompetent d.u.'eists enwdinsr into it; itwastheUn.t generally. brnngnt the incorporation of existing chemi-is, wiih power to enfo ce f Much regret was expressed that so brief a notice of the examii.nt on upon all future c >mers to i lie trade, ns ihe remedy r that Society evil, under tho notice of ihe legislature ; it wa« tho United which meeting had be-n given, as many more membtrs of the claimed exemp io lr,>m jury service for all chemists and druggists m a tiade would have then hr*n pic-eut. civil rUht: it was the United Society whieh saved tlie tMde Irnm the Deep interest, was manifested in Mr. Bno't's Fpeech as he control of the Mediol ("onncil : nnd I think ih Min.he.-ter meeting will remain as a men.or bl« proof that the United Soeiety - n-pu'sed, ignored, developed the leading features ot the Bill, and narrated tho and despi o i- po'sovend until, l y a wi-e m>d conci'iatory pol ey, it ciicumstances which preceded the confeience of the two brought the trade to ngree upon roolu ions from which tho "baima- sooetie*. centica] Council eonid n- t di>s nt.

All honour to the United Society of Chemist' and I'rng ists ! Fmm a Mr. Stead was confirmed in the office of chairman of the sin -11 beg lining it Ims worked with unequalled economy and energy, Leeds dis'rict of the association of this nociety. and has brought, its highest mis-iou to a mii cesslul and gloi ieUS issii*. The meeting then closed with warmest thanks to the The union of the trade is now only a qu stion of lin e— a few weeks, or months a' most; mid when it shall have been consummated—when chairman. pbarmaecuti. a 1 chemists and chemists »nd druggists shall me. t as brethren,- when th-t Pharmaceutical S eioty shall extend its, amis, its OLDHAM. influence, and its charity over the trade - when its ouriioulum shall bo 14th studied, and it- diploma shall be cov- ted by aspirates for fame, I trust On Tuesday evening, the ult.. a meeting of the it will never be forgot en that tho Pharmaceutical .- ociety acquired it- chemists and druggists of Oldham took place at the Anuel glorv the union of the trade, and that Ihe trade s largely crowning n Hotel to hear an explanation of the Proposed Pharmacy Bill indebted lor that union tn ihe unselfish and untiring iff.rts of the Mr. C. Buott, Regis' rar of United Society of Cbemi-ts United Society of Chemists nnd Druggist*. A few words of advee an I by the then I have done. There se-uns to be an idea in ceit.in quarters that, and Druggists. Mr. G ddes was called to the Chair, and for amalgamation as au anaiiucment has b en made an with the Pharma- briefly introduc-d Mr. Buott. ceutical society, the United Soeiety shou'd now subside. What a mis- Alter expressing the pleasure he felt in meeting his Old- take ! When u m-.n has bought i,n c tatc, his fir-t idea is to secure possession. 'I his transaction is a barg.in to convert all existing chemi-ts ham friends once more, Mr. Buott procet ded. in his usual and druggists', registered as such, if tluy clioo*e, into ni> nibers of ihe clear and forcible nianmr, to explain ihe provisi. ns of the Pharmaceuticals ciety, to exempt them from jury service, and to givo new Pbarmnry Bill, ns proposed by the Pharmaceutical them the li.hfc of nomi atioti and election upon the cfuincil ; and we must r. a'ize ib.t baigain b for we relax • nr etlorts. Further than that, Society. He remaiked it was neither the Bill No. 1 which wo l ave not only om ow.. interests to serve, hut we have those of exisl- Lad been introduced for the consideration of the legislature itig a-slsta.n l vigilance, and nnit-d nct'ou. Letm. mbcrs of Parliament ciliate all parties, and would he did not doubt, inctt ase tho be instrnc ed a-, to the wishes of their ehcei- tand di gi t c onstituents u ; efficiency and t-trength of the Pharmaceutic-^ Society, and let petiiions bo in re-idine-s; let our district ttssottiatious —that powerful dispensers and com| ounders Orgnniftitioti by which we havu »ou every victory, and of which wo »re give a status to of medicines so justly nrnud—be c lied into ncr'mi ; and lastly, iet our annual meeting commensurate with their high tespoi S'bilities. at M uuhe-ter be a businePS-liV. e eunion, memo. able ns a gathering of After explaining the constitution of the proposed Council, gentlem n, who. reticent of iho pist, are determined to vio with eneh Mr. Buott entered into a personal defence of conduct he had other in acts of hospit-diiy, charily, an.l jjood will, and, by wise council and zealous efforts, to secure a futuic pieguant w.th prosperity for tho pursued, and explamed in detail the means by which the trade. present Pharmaceutical Council and the Executive of the

Mr. Horsfield thpn moved the following rcFolution : United Society hao been induced to sink party jealousy and " Thn.t, tliis nieet nn; is much gratified to find that the co opera' o for the general good of the trade. He concluded petsev*-) jng efforts rf the United Society of Chemists by urging the chemists and druggists present to support and Druggists, for tho incorporation of the trade, have with their utmost exertions the proposals of the Pharma- resulted in an nrmngetiient with the Plinrmuceutical ceutical Council as contained in their recently suggested Society for a Bill to be brought into Parliament to Bill, but strongly recommended that tbey should not a low secure that desirable object." the United S- ciety to become defunct until tho much-vexed He said that he regretted the apntliy of cliemista and question of Pharmaceutical legislation was Batislaotorily drug*ifi8 in relation tn this important matter. Ho thought settled. BOtne little blame wub due to Mr. "Buott for neglecting the The Chairman concurred generally in the opinions Leeds asfociation of the society, but whs, however, glad to expressed by Mr. Buott, and especially so ; n Tespect to his find that there v/as a revival of some interest amongst the recommendation to keep up the life of tho United Society. * —

THE CHEMTST AND DRUGGIST. [Juno 15, 180T. 8S and agreed to :- heart imd voice" to the attainment of a pleasant resolutions were unanimously The moving successful evening. Mr. oxposit on of the " inao h. vhVvlu heard Bust's in That "» r. in the An editorial article concerning the Society appeared pi,, . Bill, as published ed Pharmacyirm lcv i I Proposed Amrag ohwniiti tho January number of the I'harmactul'cal Journal. The Journal lor mis uiuum Pharmaceutical circumstances which led to the statements theiviu c attained hereby express then: general approval present Tnough it cannot bo 5SS theirwilUngnesa to endeavour have already been laid before you. and intimate of its pr^ision., that this article in its entirety, ia all tint could be Parliament. said to Rpeuro its success in are not tho Executive of the wished, yet it is pleasing to note that indications "Thaifthia meeting congratulates on tho success o wanting of a more favourable) interpretation of our pro- Society of Chemists and Druggists United Pharmaceutical cedure by those who, for the lime being, are placed in to secure tho co-operation of the their efforts authority over us. The Committee feel assured that as the union of the trade and desires to place on Society and the better understood, the services of the United Society olject we have in view becomes record their appreciation of the Society will receive (as, indeed, it will f carcely fail to com- the question of tho incorporation of all in agitating justly confidence. a view to the registration of mand) an extended aud increasing chemists and dnugUts, with from of all future A few weeks since a communication was received no* in business, and the examination those Mr. Wade, inviting the Society to represent the chemists' - dispensers of medicine." , < Local assistants throughout the country at the Conference re- After the re-appointment of the Chairman and of gentlemen to specting the new Pharmacy Bill, held at B oom>bury-square Secretary, and thu selection of a number be held on the 19th of February list. This invitatn.n, though attend the Annual Meeting of the United Society to entertained by the Pnaruiaceutioal Council, was, the 27th, a vote of thanks to Mr. Buott for favourably in Manchester on the to the Chairman, nevertheless, after anxious consideration on the part o' his a' tendance, and a sitiular compliment Committee, declined by resolution submitted to the members terminated the proceedings. in the ordinary manner.* You are all aware how tho Con- ference referr.d to terminated. It will be a mott gratiiying united into CHEMISTS' ASSISTANTS' ASSOCIATION'. result if, in consequence thereof, the trade be one recognised body, with due reference to those essential progressive Thi recent proceedings of this admirable Association aTe piinciples which are, or may be nee-ssary to its this the described in the following report, moved and adopted at the elevation and success. In connection with part of General Meeting held June 6th, 1867: report the Committee desire to acknowledge the courtesy also the Gentlemen,— It is our pleasing duty to lay before you a of Mr. Wade in meeting them in this room ; and statement of the transactions of the Association during the very generous offer of tbe editor of the Chemist and the. con- past half-year. Druggist to insert in t he columns of his Journal The following are the names of the officers who retire tributions and proceedings of the Society. To these gentle- from the management this evening: —Mr. Lloyd (President), men our best thanks are due, and we may state with Mr. Haddock (Vice-President), Mr. Sands (Treasurer), Mr. confidence that the friendship they have manifested towards Sieges (Hon. Sec), and Messrs. Dunkley, Kirkland, Palmer, us will in no wise be forgotten. Copies of tbe above- Taylor, and Willmott. mentioned Journal (kindly forwarded by the editor) have At the commencement of the half-year our usual pro- been laid on the table, for your perusal. gramme was issued to the members, and it is gratifying to The publication of the revised edition of the British Phar- observe, that, with one or two exceptions, the whole of the macopoeia c innot but be a source of satisfaction to the evenings placed at our disposal have been devoted to the members of this Society. It is especially gratifying to find discussion of appropriate and interesting subjects. An that the valuable services of Piofessor Redwood, of the average weekly attendance of twenty-two members, as Pharmaceutical S ciety, and Mr. Warrington, of Apotheca- compared with a lower number during former half-years, ries' Hall, have been duly acknowledged by the Council. speaks favourably for the continued and increasing success The complete overthrow of the former edition, and the of the Association. unanimous acceptance aud approval of this, its successor, The Committee have much pleasure in directing your fully demonstrates tho necessity of practical talent in the attention to the Treasurer's account, which (notwithstand- compilation of so important a work. Now that the British ing additional calls on the funds) shows a fair balance in Pharmacopeia of 1867 is fairly before us, it will be our first hand. duty to become acquainted with its details, and, as far as During the half-year twenty-two gentlemen have been possible, to adopt the " well attested" formulas ic so autho- elected as members (making a total of 129 from the com- ritatively contains. mencement of the Society), but a considerable number of The Committee cannot conclude their report without those already on the list have, from various unavoidable again reminding you of the desiiabili'y of sus'ained and causes, left the Association. * Prominent amongst the latter continued exertion in the promotion of the cause we have is the name of our late honorary secretary, Mr. Wilson, a at heart. Though no lb ir is entertained of a want of znal in gentleman whose exertions and influence have borne no the welfare of the Association, jot it is only by th« practical inconsiderable part in the attainment of our present favour- and individual assistance of those who have joined our able position. The hearty co-operation of the members in ranks that a good result csn be achieved. This, however, presenting him with a suitible testimonial, is a fact of a will be sufficiently apparent without lurther comment. most pleasing and gratifying character. Whilst our financial position is satisfactory, the contents The Committee observe with pleasure a marked improve- of our Minute-book afford us the highest encouragement to ment in the treatment of the subjects brought forward for persevere with the work before us, in view of the good discussion. Many of the papers read during the term have which cannot fail to result from every laudable effort in the occupied much time and thought in their" preparation, and directiou of individual progress and improvement. are evidently the result of original inquiry, combined with With these remarks the Office™ and Committee beg leave a laudable desire to excel both in style and proficiency. It to announce tbeir retirement, and to thank you sincerely is hoped, therefore, that new members, as well as those who for the kind attention, patronage, and support, you have nave not yet taken a prominent part in the pn ceedings, accorded to them during their term of management. will emulate so good an example, and endeavour to assist J. Lloyd, Cliairman. the Society in the really useful work which it is its first G. Sleggs, Hon. object to undertake E Sec. and perform. By so doing, they will not only confer a benefit upon othois, but become them- Messrs. Southall, Son, aud Dymond, ot Birmingham, have selves the rec.pients of an extended and profitable know- published a most elaborate and useful Price List of the Pre- mattel' B appertaining +u to the trade or profession in parations and Compounds of the new British Pharmacopoeia. a re dally eD y Saged. Let but tho trial be made, In it will bo found notes on the main points of divergence and the.v. result,, will scarcely fail to prove successful. bet ween the present and previous Pharmacopoeias, and on UV yC y 8Uppur took P'ace on the medicinal strength JTu r, the 10th January and doses of the various preparations. W'4 lnd e Commi ?' ™ «-e are much pleased to have to record A more convenient aud concise conspectus cannot bo attend,,nc1 0 0I» any , previous occasion. Fifty- imagined. two gentlemen . joined our party, and contributed "with " Vld* Pharmaceutical Journal, March, 18iJ7. 1 —; —

Juno 15, 1367. THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 89

HALF AN HOUR WITH THE NEW PIURMACOPCEIA. Gum benzoin has the property of retarding fatty oxidation, and ointments mado with lard containing it keep very well. BT HARRY NAPIEIt DRAPER, F.C.S.* But, apart from this power, is the gum a desirable con- stituent, of ointments ? Oil Pimento, as was poioted out No two readers aro. perhaps, attracted by just the same of some time since by a writer in the Pharmaceutical Journal, points -XL a new book, and individual criticism will always possesses the same power in a remarkable degree. I have be more or Jess tinged with the colour of the critic's inmd. used it now for a long time, 20 minims to a p..und, in zinc If this be true or any book, it is so of the Pharmacopoeia., ointment, which it perfectly preserves. It is inexpensive, for each reader of ttrs book ohi'ins to have, to some extent, gives no trouble, and little or no smell. * a special knowledge of its subject master. It is, moreover, Cataplasma Sinapis. Why u?e boiling water in making nearly Certain that each ha-* some pet theory or process, the — this P True, the lin-eed meal, being first added, will lower introduction of wh>oh would, in the estimation of that the temperature, but will the constituents ot* mustard particular critic, have made the book perfection, but wanting poultice be always mixed in this order ? which it remains a standing monument to the incapacity of Chloroform.—" Burns, though not readily, with a green its tiamers. But if prejudice ba not permitted to interfere and smoky flame." Can a liquid be said to " burn," even with Jairness, a practical critic is undoubtedly the best with the qualification "not readily," which will not take judge of a practical book. It is in this belief, and without fire in a rod-hot spoon, cannot be ignited on cotton, and any desire to cavil, taut the following notes are submitted. extinguishes live coals And, writing of chloroform, T Being literally nothing more or less than " notes " made ? note that there is no attempt at a recognised formula for currentc calamo, during my first half hour with the British Chlorodyne, unless it be intended that the Tvnctura Chloro- Pharmacopoeia of ISfiT, on the points which first arrested formi co., a mixture of chloroform, alcohol, and tincture my attention, I apologise even for this preface t j them. of cardamoms, shall do duty ior it. In size the Pharmacopoeia is convenient—in arrangement Collodicm flexile. Ordinary collodion, to which excellent. It is a jeal comfort to be able to turn at ouce to — Canada balsam added. Glycerine, two the article or preparation required without the necessity and castor-oil are drops to an ounce, also makes collodion elastic. Why of consulting the index; the index, too, is full to repletion. is Blistering Collodion It is largely used, quite Weights.—Grain, ounce, and pound, as in the Pharma- omitted. as largely as the, Charta EpUpastica is likely to be. : — opceia of 1S61 ; but here is a curious bit of inconsistency "Avoid," urges the preface upon the medical man, "the Confectio Senn.e.—Aie figs in this preparation of any use? for terms ounce and pound with reference to any but avoir dupois The P.D. got on very well without them some years, and unless the presence of their pulp really improves we'ghr. ; but it will be optional with the physician in the preparation they should be discarded, in mercy to the prescribing to use the symbols 9 and 5, the former repre- pharmacist whose labour they so increase. senting 20 and the latter GO grains, if buch should be found much Ferri et Quinje Citras.—" The solution is precipitated to conduce to accuracy or convenience." N iw, 5j" lias for many successive Pharmacopoeias meant the eighth part blue by the yellow and red prussiates of potash." I have not yet made the preparation, and can only of the ounce, wbatevt-r \alue may have been given to that Pharmacopceial assume that this statement is correct. Being so, it is therefore, if the symbols 3 and 5 must be used at all, this remarkable that the adaition of citrate of quina to a octofid division should be adhered to. Moreover, in Ireland, persalt of iron should so modify its chemical properties the weights of 3j (=18 22 grain*) and 5j (=54-68 grains) as to cause it to precipitate blue with a ferricyanide. have actual brass existence, ond were used ior many years used until the dictum ot the British Pharmacopoeia of 1SG4 Linimentum Sinapis composituji.—This is practically made them useless. Wheu Enyl-ind and Ireland had each a a dilute solution of volatile oil of mu-tard in spirit, sufficient Pharmacopoeia and each an ounce, the difference in the consistency being given to the liniment by castor oil. diachm and scruple of the two countries was inconvenient Castor oil is not soluble in the rectified spit it of the Phar- m icopcaia, but it is worthy of note that it is rendered enough ; but now that they hav« one guide-book in c inimon, completely so the volatile oil the anomaly should not be permitted to exist. Unless all by and the camphor. Acetatis. old formula Irish scale-drawei s be emptied ot their diachm and scruple Liquor Ammonia —The good witb weigots, and tne les ons of the Dublin Pharmacopce a of 1851 carb mate ol ammonia restored. Theoretical chemistry is always the best pharmacy. be forgo 'ten (the very Ptiai macopoeia in which t'ie avoirdu- not pois pound was first made the standard of apothecaries' Liquor Bisjiuthi et Ammonue Citratis.—A really practical which wo'ght.), or unless, indeed, physicians will be sensible enough process, cannot but succeed in the most moderately careful hands, and deserves all praise because it to forego the permissive licence to use the 3 and 5 at all, no little confusion wi 1 result. makes no attempt at that ultra-purity of product which is rarely attained in practice. Tlie solution Carbolic Acid.— " It does not nffect the plane of polari- >o c >nt*ins little sation of a r .y of polarised light." a nitrate of ammonia. Had crystalline nitrate of Cesasote.—"It turns the plane of polarisation of a ray bismuth, which is now male on a commercial scale, been of polarised light to the right." The two sentences quoted ordered, the lormula would have been still better. Feiirc are among t'ie many in*t*nces in which pure physics seem Liquor Pernitratis —The formula for this prepa- ration is so essentially bad that it is surprising how it to 6tep in with aid just where chemistry is at fault, and can perpetuated. It is I myself thought, too, a* I read them, that a drop, as have been the old method of Mr. Ker it were, of the admirable, but as yet unpublished researches and the P.O., except that to make up for the inferior of nitric acid a larger of Processor Jellett, of Dublin* had iallen on the p*ges strength the quantity is used. There is for this, the of the Pnarmacopceia. It is very remarkable, as that gentle- no excuse becaiue excellent process of man has pointed out, that the line between organic and Professor Procter stands ready printed in the pages of tllo inorganic bodies is most sharply defined by their respective U. S. Pharmacopoeia. Ferri Persulphatis. solution is behaviour towards polarised light. In no case bas it been Liquor —This not itself found that a subttmce derived from an inorganic source used as a remedy, but is only employed in making other affects the direction of a polarised ray. Here are two bodies preparations. There is no reason, there'ore, why the follow- should which so closely resemble one another as to have many ing formula not be substituted for that of the of their chemical properties in common, and to act on the Pharmacopoeia. That it should be there is the excellent it can thus be senses in an almost identical manner, and yet it would reason that made with much greater certainty, almost seem that because one has been obtained from wood and in loss than half the time : it turns the ray to the right, and because the other has boen Sulphate of Iron ... 8 ounces. ob'ained fiom a mineral (even although this was once wood) Sulphuric Acid ... 6 fluid drachma. it has no action on the ray. Let us hope that the polariscopo Chlorato of Potash . . . 820 grains. may soon be round in all chemical laboratories. Water . . . , . q.s. Benzoaied Lard.—Lard with which gum benzoin in the Dist-olve the sulphate of iron heat in ten proportion of 1»>0 grain* to a pound has been heated. It is by ounces to which tho to bo u*od in making t-ome ol the suppositories and ointments, of water, sulphuric acid has been added, then add tho chlorate among the la'ter those of acetate of lead and oxide of zinc. and of potash dissolved in three ounces of water. Cool and filter the solution. " Extracted from The Laboratory of May 26. Liquor Lithi.e Effervescens.—It is well that there are — —

THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [June 15, 1867.

the two other now authoritative formula) for this and usually made has b. en alkaline wa-ers. Tho li'lra water cut. of • usefully antacid pu'tinpf the far >o . w. ak to b even : on on the salts of uric a-id. [thechemistj question i's reputed solv-nt aot pointed Son*: Cabbonas exsiccata.— I have e'sewhere advantageously out that this preparation could bo n\>>st made bv beiting the hioairbonate to dull rednpoft Dried ; very soda thna prepared is a soft, perfectly »h te powder, LONDON. JUNE 16, 1SG7. muoh more elegant, in appearance than the product of the P.H. prooe«s, "iid is nmc'i le*a troublesome to make. NOTICE TO SUBSCEIBERS AND ADVERTISERS. for S0DiE flTRO-TA RTK AS EFFKRVRSCENR —A fomiuU the CortnrspoNDE.sxE — AH commuiiktffilonB h-uM l»e nddre«-ed to the

at < 'ASNON' STiiEr.T, t lio-u hit n't- d ler pnltliuittlon ponu'ar "Citrate of Magnesia." containing no mngnfsia, E lltw, 4Ja, B D. , »bnul(l bo accompanied by tlie real n.ime> aad a Idn ssuh of thu writers. nor tho sns'i'- which is found in the commercial arlicl--. Q' Kin eh. —Tho EM tor Cinuut umluiti' e t<> atten ; to tho-ij which are which one scarcely recog- Suppositorta.— Cocoa butter animymmiR, or to -i-n i .inswoi-s tluntigti tho po t. nises in its new dress of Oil of Theobrnma, has very prop-rly SuBsiaiPTioN. —T io 8ub-ciiptIoti to iliu Cukmist and Dboooist Is 5s. por annum. |>:iyiblum advance, tilmuld a rtc.-ipt be icquirvd. a8t*mned been ordeted in the formn're for these preparations. Whether unvclopo mu-t bi >ent with th's amount of stibsciipt on. A Bpecimen its special" properties are improved by its being alloyed with number may bo had upon ppiica ion. imco 6d. lard and wax temains to be seen. I'ost Okfice Okdehs — Pust OlHeo Orrlcrs to be tnado payable at tho Svbtjpu8 Ferrt Piiospiiatis.—The author of the formula Ocie-a! Po-t Oftico to iho Publisher, V.'n. : Uammiko, who is alone authorized to receive accounts. for this preparation h>is sacrificed the permanence of the product to tho elpfrance of the chemical reaction in the SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. £ s. d. process. In prnctico \h. a who'e of tho acetic ncid cannot be One Face 400 of moist magma of phosphate Hivlf ditto . .. 10 0 washeJ out. th« of iron ; 2 tra"es of peracetate of iron sen form, and the syrup Quirtor ditto 1 10 0 becomes co'onred without any apparent cause. Let us hope Special Ratps Tor Wrapper, aLd tho p •gos prcoeding and fol- lowing literary matter. that, in the next edition of the Pharmac pceia carbonate Tli" ab ivo Scalo of Chartrcs will bo stibjcet to n disco mt of 10 ppr cent, of soda, which answeis all the purpose of the acetate, upon Six, and 20 per cult, upon Twelve insuitions— y" jjaitf i« advance. will be substituted for it. Si'ven Linos and under .. .. 0 4 6 Antimonii Tartarati. Unquentum — If the tartrate of Every a tuition d I ine 000 antimonv were dir-c'ed to be rubbed with water or glycerine Adver isetnents of >s-istant« Wnnt'ntr Situations (n"t ex- ceeding .1 wurds) nsirtcd ata charge of l->. each. be'ore heing mix»-H with the ointment. the danger of gri'ty nomimd The Chkmist »sn Dri ocist is published on tho Fifte-i tn of every pa-tioles of the salt cuiun; annoyance wou'd b * obviated. •n ntb, except wlien that date falls upon a Sunday, when it i< published Vincjm Arauntii. Oransre wine is all — of vinous liquids on tlie preceding day. It. ii icpulii'ly supplied direct to ihe Member of the on" most, prone to further fennentive change, and tho Trade in flivat Britain, Ireland, tho Colonics, and uU the principal per seats ol lore gn commerce. 12 cent, of alcohol (=20-7 per cent, proof spir t) ''s not i'.vo'ythi'iu' intended for insertion in tho can-out M.mth mu*t be sent sufficient to prevent this. To ensure its preservation, it. in b^foro 'ho 10th except Employers' a d A8>istants' A :v, rtiscrncn'S, must contain at least 30 tier cent, ( .f proof siir t. This which will be received until 9 A.M. on the morning previous to publi- point is of import nn-e, as two officinal wines Vinv.ni Ferri cation. Citratis and Ftmtfa Quinice—are now to be made with orange wino, PHARMACEUTICAL LEGISLATION.

The result of the Special General Meeting of the Pharma- ceutical Society, called to discuss tho proposed Aniei>d>-d Pharmacy Act, was a hearty expression of approval hy the Socit-ty of the eiilightened policy adopted by the Council. The piincipal lesolution which was moved by Mr. Colliks,

and ca>ried by a large majority, ran thus ; Medicus writes : "I have been an assistant and dispenser "That in the opinion of this meeting, the proposed to medical practitioners for 30 years and more, and think I amendment, of the Pharmacy Act is both wise and expedii nt, ought to he allowed to register under Clause IV. of the pro- as by posed New Pharmacy enlisting the support of th'>se members of toe trade Act ; but, as it stands. I fear it will outside the pale of the Society, the way i-t cleaved for carry- exclude me and many more. Guild not the United Society of ing into effect the primary objects of the founders of the d emists and Druggi-ts, or the framers of the Bill get. it Suciety, viz., the consolidation of the whole trade, and abered so that it might apply to assistants of qualified leg ; registered sla'ive provision lor the compu'fory examination of all m-dical practitioners." We do not think it would be person-" entering t' e same after a yiven time. Thi- meeting desirable to stretch the Rill so far for the sake of those would further express its em ire appioval of the action taken assistants to medical practitioners who may wish to com- by the Council, and pledg. s itself to t-upport by all possible mence business as chemists and druggists. means the passage of the Bid through Parliament." C. & D. (Halifax). You will glean^much information from the - App.ndix to < ooley- s "Toilet and Cosmetic Arts," pub- lished by Hardwicke, Piccadilly. This book was reviewed in PARIS UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION. our April number. A really practical book on the subject is .much wanted. J Class XLtV.

A F { r) - Trio's Chlorodyno CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL fj- < l is based on a PRODUCTS. formula by^Dr. ^Ogdon. An article upon this and other (feom special formula) in our journal our correspondent.) for March, 1865. We are unable to 1 any ln,omation respecting the advertisement ref,rred ?o Continuing our pleasant journey round Class XLTV., we next. meet, with ite8 Messrs. Davy, Yates, and Rou'bdgt-'s fine " s1,oukl be obBgrf if of ,L T any your cor- display. They, of course all the reft f r8 C° Uld tdl show mercury compounds m ° °f a Pcilfume t° th/emell of petrXtm! for which they have so l ng been famous, in full pci faction, as well us ionic n very beautiful sca'o preparations. While on b the 1 aMfc of T1s!n * a nienstruum for the subject of makinSln. -w i T, i sca'e pr-parationa we would suggest tho f'und of*reat ****** Ifc ennsista desii ability, when exhibiting such compounds, SSSSSffif-7i ' of giving the !l1t l 0! , y' ™* tr-Hcle. The soap has to be cut Le nn/n l^ V proportions of th- ir c nstituents. In t he caso of tlie citrate of iron and quinine it would bo interesting to know the amount ot chim-hona alkaloid contained in it. more especially te a( 8 U, " n fc0 hH "dde l.nnd the a« ?« ! the research s of Mr. Braithwoite, communicat' d to the 7^''' '* is °f annif-rm consistence British Pi armiic^ntical Con'erence i T m, SIq fty th on two ceosinns, h-.ve to V'° " s"* ^ of the proper -hown tho m nstr ?,, V V-m }l wmld that, tho proportion of alkaloid vaiies ' ^P^rmorto-cew. Tho stubborn between 0 and 25 per cent, in nuutb.-r PiTlWOofu. Ken, Co. 4TtP.L. even will a of samples ke.psolt when made with thia." purchased haphazard. The above-mentioned firm aleo show Juno 15, 1887.] THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 91

some good specimens of valerianates; but wo are somewhat tion of opium alkaloids. Their hydrochlorate and acetate of surprised to find that the fruit essences which they manufac- morphine are particularly good. A magnificent crystalliza- ture so largely are absent from their display. tion of codeine forms quite a crystallographic study. Some Passing on to Messrs. Allen and Hanbury's case, we find large and nearly perfect crystals of acetate of codeine are them exhibiting nothing but cod liver oil and extractum also very fino. Messrs. McFarlane also exhibit good samples carnis, and cannot help feeling somewhat disappointed that of meconine in large needle-shaped crystals, thebaine, papa- they did not put a better foot foremost. Eemembering what verine and its hydiochlorate, hydrochlorate and sulphate of this house did in 1862, we should have expected them to codeine, narceine, narcotine, and cotarnine. Some interest- exhibit something moro than a couple of compounds, which ing specimens of some of the new opium compounds lately are not particularly interesting in character. discovered by Dr. Matthiessen are also shown. Messrs. Morson and Son's show is also small. They It is really a great pity that a little more common sense exhibit some fine specimens of meconino and other opium was not used in the arrangement of the cases in Class XLIV. products—podophyllin, both in the pure and commercial For instance, Messrs. Smith and McFarlane, although exhibit- states. Pure podophyllin seems to be more of a canary yellow ing precisely the same compounds, are separated from each than of the colour which is so familiar to most of our readers. other by a long interval ; it is, consequently, very tiring An interesting specimen of physostigmatine. the alkaloid work when a visitor is obliged to keep running backwards found in the Calabar bean, is also shown. Pancreatized and forwards between the two cases, in order to compare the fat and oil, saccharized wheat phosphates, a few needles of products of the rival houses. methysticin—the compound discovered by Mr. Morson in Messrs. Johnson and Matthey show a splendid mass of thepiper mcthysticuvi, and corresponding to piperine—will also crystallised nitrate of silver, also the same salt cast in sticks be looked on with great interest by the Pharmaceutical of different sizes for medical use. They also exhibit a visitor. specimen of chemically pure hydrate of soda made from "VVe next come to Messrs. Huskisson and Sons' case—one metallic sodium, which can be sold at a cheaper rate than of the most interesting in the class. Mr. William Huskisson, that prepared in the ordinary manner. This can be rea'iily who is mainly responsible for getting up this fine display, understood when we consider that the metal can, we be ieve, has spared no pains in making it something more than be bought wholesale for 12s. per lb., or, indeed, even lower. an exhibition of a certain number of salts; he lias also They also show chloride of gold in fine crystals for photo- endeavoured—and with a large amount of success, too—to graphic purposes, and a splendid series of uranium com- sbow them in such a way as to command not only the atten- pounds. In Class XL. they make a most wonderful display tion of the commercial world, but that of the man of science of platinum apparatus of every description. We are sorely also. Every salt that was capable of crystallization has been tempted to describe their show at length, but lack of space crystallised in the most perfect manner; in fact, Messrs. compels us to abandon the idea. The size of the platinum Huskisson's display is quite a crystallographic exhibition. boilers exhibited is quite astonishing. One is large enough to In iodides and bromides, it is hardly necessary to say distil eight tons of sulphuric acid in a day. They are joined that they excel, and they will find that the fame they on the autogenic principle—that is to say, the edges of the have acquired in this particular branch of manufacture is platinum plates are fused together by the oxyhydrogen blow- in no way diminished by the good work they have done pipe, the metal thus, of course, forming a single piece. for the Exhibition of 1867. It would be impossible in a Mr. Peter Squire exhibits specimens of all the preparations short space to describe all the salts shown by this firm, contained in the new edition of the Pharmacopoeia. Some but, perhaps, the iodides of potassium, sodium, and ammo- of his brother pharmacists have, wo believe, protested nium, the bromides of the same bases, a fine specimen of against this use of private information; but these gentle- acetate of soda in beautiful crystals, iodine in perfect men should recollect that Mr. Squire exhibits, in some rhomboidal crystals a couple of inches long, a splendid measure, as the representative of the Pharmacopoeia Com- crystallization of ammonia, sulphate of copper, perfect mittee. The handsome case in which they are shown crystals of hyposulphite of soda, and Eochelle salt, and a unfortunately comes in for a large amount of the darkness beautiful sample of chloride of cobalt may be mentioned caused by the carpets hanging on the walls ; and the labels as amongst the best things in the display. The neutral on the bottles are so large as to interfere with the examina- iodide of potassium for photographic use shown by this firm tion of their contents. The extracts, too, are shown in opaque is very fine. It forms yellowish, semi-transparent, four- china pots, which might just as well be empty for all the sided prisms, with pyramidal summits. These singular idea they convey to the spectator of the colour or appearance crystals, on closer examination, appear to be made up at of their contents. Mr. Squire also shows his infusion their bases of aggregations of cubes, while the faces of apparatus. While on this subject, we may as well mention the pyramidal summits are rounded off in a very singular that there is not a single British exhibitor of apparatus used manner. A very interesting crystal of sulphur is also in chemistry or pharmacy besides Mr. Squire. Those who shown. A specimen, illustrating a new process for purify- remember the interesting collection of apparatus shown at ing and concentrating hydrochloric acid, has been looked Nottingham last year will regret that some of the articles upon by scientific visitors with great interest. The process, then exhibited have not made their way to the Champ de which is the invention of Mr. Isham Baggs, who is already Mars. A collection, for instance, of all the percolators now well known as an electrician, consists in mixing together in in use would have been most valuable and interesting. a suitable retort two volumes of ordinary oil of vitriol, and Messrs. Johnson and Sons show good specimens of nitrate one volume of common yellow hydrochloric acid. Sufficient of silver, both in crystals and in sticks. They also show heat is thus generated to cause the latter acid to distil over, chloride of gold for photographic use. quite free from iron and arsenic, and of so high a specific Mr. Eansom, of Hitchin, amongst other things, shows a gravity as 1-210. We have omitted to mention a fine speci- fine collection of essential oils, including, of course, his men of perchloride of iron made by the dry process, the only famous oil of lavender. There is also a fine specimen of method which yields a salt perfectly free from peroxide. The scammony root from the Southern districts of Asia Minor. Bait, as manufactured by Messrs Huskisson, is dissolved Messrs. Foot show a small set of samples of acet ic acid and readily in water and alcohol. In noticing Messrs. Howard's its salts. display in the last number of the Chemist and Druggist Mr. Schweitzer shows pessaries, suppositories, and bougies we forgot to mention a fine sample of benzoic acid, pre- made of cacao butter, and medicated with mercurial oint- pared from the gum by the ordinary method of sublimation. ment, belladonna, perchloride of iron, etc. etc. He also Wo are informed that there aro at present large quantities shows cacao from which all the butter has been extracted. It 1 Ur,C P acid re ared from borse is - ' P P and cow urine, im- said to be particularly adapted for those whose weakness portedJ* j into London from Germany, and sold as benzoic acid. of digestion prevents tho use of ordinary Messrs chocolate and Howard also show ammoniacal compounds, prepared cocoa. from the mother liquors of the crude boracic acid, imported Meesrs. Twinberrow and Sons show various aerated waters by them from Italy. These ammoniacal salts, having a in a very large case. Tho Huslot and Campsie Company purely volcanic pedigree, are free from those nauseous show some fine specimens of alum, yellow and red prussiate sulphur compounds always more or less present in those <>f potash, and several perfect crystals of tho first-mentioned prepared from gas liquor. alt. Messrs. McFarlane, of Edinburgh, show a fine collec- Mr. Usher, of Bodicott, near Banbury, exhibits some THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [Juno 15, 1807. 92

root and in has at times been used for tho production of a blue dye of English rhubarb, both in ffood samples biennial henbane. callod azuline, but owinjr, possibly, to tho greater ease with Bowdcr ; also some nnd congeners, aro finely which these dyes are obtained from aniline and its congenors, Carbolic add. its derivatives Orace Culvert and Co., Charles Lowe and its use for this purpose is extremely limited. shownl 5 M^»™. The first named firm Messrs. C. Lowe and Co. also show carbolic acid of great Co and Lewis Demuth and Co. of purity in long white iso- excellence, as well as the crude acid, crude picramic acid, a show the acid in a great state any tarry taste or smell, and beautiful block of crystalline carbolic acid, with the centre lated crystals, quite free from the artificial products made removed to show the mass of crystals in the interior, and a corresponding in everyway with the artificial product seems substance stited to be the bihydrate of phenyl, carbolic acid from hydride of salloyl. In fact, from coal, seeing that it smells being the monohydrate. loss pure than that obtained Messrs. Crace Calvert, Messrs. Lewis Demuth and Co. show a large series of coal strongly of the hydride of salicyl. of this important tar products, including naphthaline, cuniol, cymol, xylol, and Co. may bo looked upon as the fathers 1848. benzol, toluol, xylic acid, eresylic manufacture, having commenced work so far back as acid, nnd carbolic acid. very impure, but m 1859 Mr. E. C. Stanford exhibits a large series of specimens The first samples mado were free from colour, and illustrating his process for the extraction of iodine and they succeeded in obtaining a product other which, however, valuable products from seaweed. Instead crystallizing at ordinary temperatures, but of burning the tarry matters. In 1861 another seaweed on tho open shore, Mr. Stanford compresses it into was still contaminated with improvement was made, raising the crystallising point to cakes at the spot where it is gathered. These are then 93* 85° F .andtwoyearsafter afusingpointof F.was reached. dried and submitted to dry distillation, the ash remaining This being the limit assigned by Laurent and other writers being afterwards lixiviated to extract the salts it contains. method, besides the usual on the product, it was supposed that the pure acid had at By this number of saline com- last been ot tained, but last year Dr. Crace Calvert discovered pounds, are obtained hydrocarbons of various densities- a method by which the crystallising point was again raised, naphtha, ammonia, acetic acid, and illuminating gas. The this time reaching 106°— 107° F. This acid, which is now charcoal left after lixiviation is found to be of the greatest beino- largely introduced into medicine, is of definite compo- value for deodorizing and disinfec'ing purposes, for sugar sition, having fixed boiling and crystallising points, and is refining, and for blacking making. The tar and pitch found quite free from all tarry matter. The solidity and dryness are also useful, so that from one end of the operation to the of the crystals at ordinary temperatures also seems to indi- other there does not appear to be one waste product. Mr. cate its freedom from crcsylic acid, or any other liquid Stanford's process is calculated to produce double the homologue. The valuable properties of this substance as ordinary yield of iodine from a given amount of dried weed- a disinfectant are so well known to our readers, that it It is at present being earned on on a very extensive and •would be useless for us to go into the matter very fully. profitable scale in one of tho islands in the west of Scotland. Those, however, who are still in doubt as to its real value, There is a very beautiful display of colours in Class XLIV. should read the very able report presented to the Privy which we are tempted to linger over, but we must content Council by Mr. Crookes, F.E.S., who was appointed to test ourselves with saying that Messrs. Hosegood and Co., Messrs. its efficacy in cattle plague. Messrs. Calvert and Co. Wilkinson, Haywood and Co., and Messrs. Hare and Co., quite illustrate the numerous useful purposes to which it may be surpass themselves on the present occasion ; in fact these applied by several interesting examples. It appears not products are amongst the strongest points of the present only to be capable of arresting the different forms of fermen- exhibition. tation, but it also appears to be particularly inimical to the Mr. Holland, of Market Deeping, exhibits fine samples of low forms of animal and vegetable life in the embryotic the essential oils and other vegetable preparations for which condition. Its powerful antiseptic properties are made he is so celebrated. apparent by the exhibition of three bottles containing starch Mr. Parkins shows one of the finest specimens of yellow paste, blood, and albumen, to each of which an infinitcssimal prussiate of potash in the exhibition.- portion of carbolic acid was added when they were first Messrs. Twinberrow, who, by the way, have obtained two mixed. Although nearly three months have elapsed since allotments of space in Class XLIV., show some good cod that period, they are still perfectly sweet, and will no doubt liver oil and extracts. remain so until the end of the Exhibition. They also show Messrs. Schlessinger Bhow a large series of essential oils, a wash for sheep, dogs, and other animals infested with para- but we were not aware that they were manufacturers of sites; a kind of salve, intended to replace the use of tar for those products. A good deal of carelessness appears to have sheep in wet weather; a wash for foot rot; a disinfecting been shown by those who have had the control of these powder, which parts with the acid combined with it very matters in allowing exhibitors who are not manufacturers slowly, and several equally interesting examples. They also to display articles made by other people. show coralline red, which is an impure form of rosolic acid. Messrs. Fleet, who exhibit aerated waters, endeavour to It is made by mixing two equivalent-: of carbolic acid with render their exhibition interesting by showing specimens of one equivalent of sulphuric acid, and heating. Oxalic acid all the substances found in natural springs and rivers. The is then added, and produces rosolic acid by oxidation. The number of different aerated waters shown on the present washed and dried compound forms the coralline red of occasion is extremely large. It is to be hoped that the commerce. unhappy juror whose duty it was to decide on their merits, Picric acid is shown both in the pure form and as aurine did not taste them all in one day. The amount of space paste. It, is made by mixing together six parts of nitric bestowed on these articles by the English Commissioners, acid with one of carbolic acid, care being taken to add the will, we fear, give foreigners an idea that soda water and nitric acid very slowly ; towards tho end of the operation ginger beer are staple manufactures in England, and that he it may bo applied. "When cool, cold water is added, and we attach more importance to them than to many of our the yelloar mass obtained is well washed and dried. This most valuable chemical productions. forms the aurine paste of commerce. The pure acid may be, prepared by washing the mas3 resulting from the action of nitric acid on carbol c acid with water, acidulated with THE CODEX. sulphuric acid, to render the resinous "impurities present VI. insoluble. Iho solution thus formed yields picric acid on evaporation. It is likewise prepared by siturating a boiling PHARMACY" OF THE CODEX. solution of the impure picric acid above-mentioned with BY JOHN WATTS. boding solution a of carbonate of soda, filtering from the resinous matter bcfbro alluded to, and cryr.talli-.ing. Tho It is proposed in tho following remarks to offer a com- picrato of soda thus obtained is re-disaolved and decomposed plete analysis of tho " Distinctive Pharmacy of the Codex," with sulphuric ncid. Picric ncid has a singular affinity for regarding the word " distinctive " as possessing two signifi- animal matter; hence its employment as a silk dye. It cations, the one referring to the nationality of tho work, as may in fact, be used to detect the adulteration of silk or French Pharmacy, the other as contradistinguished from woollen fabrics with cotton. The suspected material is our own Pharmacopooia. To effect this it will be necessary plunged into a strong solution of picric ncid, which dyes the to cxamino each series somewhat in detail, and since the wool or silk, and leaves the cotton untouched. Picric acid arrangement in the Codex is purely arbitrary, an alpha- — ;

June 15, 1S67.] THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 93

betical one has been partially adopted here, as considerably proper), formerly the distinction between them consisted in facilitating future reference. the fact that while a Teinture was prepared by macerating a Owing to the enormous amount of matter comprised in vegetable substance in spirit, with subsequent expression this division of the Codex it has been found requisite in some and filtration, an Alcoole represented a colourless solution in instances to include two or three chapters under one head. alcohol, of some such body as quinine or camphor. This dis- Alcoolats.—An appellation very properly translated by tinction, however, no longer exists. our term " Spirits," which is always applied in the Codex to Seeing that both maceration and displacement are em- alcohol, when charged by distillation with the volatilo prin- ployed by the Codex for the preparation of tinctures, and at ciples of one or more modicinal substances. Note particu- the same time knowing the great care with which every larly, by distillation; direct solution of an essential oil in subject has been elaborated by the Commission, we had spirit will never afford an " alcoolat," since the peculiar naturally hoped to have been able to discover some general flavour of the fre3h plant, the bouquet, so to speak, is un- rule which should guide the choice of the method, when any

avoidably wanting ; such preparations as the formulEB of the tincture required to be prepared, and to state the reasons Ph. Br. afford are undoubtedly equally efficacious iu a medi- for the classification of the matei'ials employed under either cinal point of view, but they are decidedly not so pleasing to of these two heads Unfortunately, these hopes have not

the palate ; and since some of the formulae for alcoolats are been realized; the two processes are apparently very sweetened with sugar and flavoured with vanilla, thus arbitrarily distributed among the formulae, and the whole assuming the suspicious appearance of cordials, we find subject appears to remain in France as in England, in much additional arguments for the necessity of keeping up a the same condition as it existed fifteen to twenty years ago, quality upon which the sale of the article depends, pur- soon after the first introduction of percolation into pharmacy. chasers of this class of medicines having generally an acute All compound tinctures are prepared by maceration, and appreciation of flavour and taste. we notice that any mention of agitation while the extraction The Alcoolats Vulngraire, de Fioravanti, de Garus, etc., is proceeding is studiously avoided. are of this latter class, the formulae for which, moreover, To exhaust the ingredients, alcohol of three different contain an extraordinary accumulation of ingredients. It is strengths is employed, according to the nature of the sub- scarcely time yet to comment upon this poly-pharmacy, stance operated on. Of GO per cent, for those containing a which forces itself thus upon the notice at the very outset, good deal of extractive matter; of 80 per cent, for bodies

but it will be found as we proceed that it is one of the rich in resinous principles and volatile oils ; and at 90 per characteristics of French pharmacy, and by no means fully cent, exclusively for the two tinctures of camphor and developed in the alcoolats The only preparation which iodine. calls for special notice here is the Taking the tincture3 as a whole, their strength is greater Alcoolat Aromatique Ammoniacal, the equivalent of our own than those usually prepared in this country; a very general Sal Volatile. It is prepared by drawing over 500 parts of formula for most of the simple tinctures being 1 by weight of

spirit from the following ingredients : substance to 5 of alcohol.

Teinture d'exlrait d'Opium. Tinct. Opii Ph. Br. Orange Peel 100 Vanilla . 30 Cloves . . 10 (Teiniure Th^baique). # Pulv. Opii . . 1J oz. Citron do. . 100 Cinnamon. 15 Dist. Cinn. water 500 9 Ext. Opii. ... 1 Spirit Tenuior . 1 pint. Ammon. Chlor. . . 500 Potas.Carb. 500 Alcohol 500 Alcohol at 60° . . 12

The old-fashioned mode of procuring the mono-carbonate is The Laudanum par excellence of the Codex, being prepared still adhered to, though the proportion of chloride of from ext. opii instead of crude opium, is perhaps less

ammonium is by far too large ; the strength of the product is likely to produce those disagreeable effects which are gene- not rally given, but it would certainly not be less than -870. The ascribed to the presence of narcotine ; moreover, uni- compilers have apparently still to learn that the omission of formity of product is thus ensured. As seen above, its cloves in the formula would obviate that discolouration strength is 1 to 12, but since 1 gr. of the extract = 2 grs. of which this spirit undergoes by keeping, an objection which the crude, it is double the strength of Tinct. Opii P.B. has altogether disappeared in this country. Teinture d'Opium Camphre'e. —This formula is stated to be Many other "Alcoolats," as jasmine, tuberose, etc., are in the same as that of the Paregoric Elixir of the Dublin Phar- great demand in perfumery. Their preparation differs con- macopoeia, but is prepared with extract of opium, which siderably from that given above, but since they are not doubles its strength. In other respects it resembles the officinal, it cannot be entered upon now. From the conside- British. It contains 2 grs. of ext. opii in the fluid oz. ration of the Spirits, we very naturally pass to the subject of Laudanum de Sydenham. VinulA Opii Ph. Br. Tinctures, which / we find arranged under three heads, Opium . . .200 JJ: Fxtract Opium . . loz. Alcoolks, Etheeoles, and Alcoolatures. The first two Saffron . . .100 Cinnamon . . . 75 gr. Cinnamon 15 Cloves . . .75 gr. designations, we think, lairly explain themselves, but since ... Cloves .... 15 Sherry wine . . 1 pt. the last is not quite so evident, and i3 moreover of more Malaga wine . 1G00 Contains 1 gr. of crude opium, or than usual interest to the pharmaceutist, we shall give Contains 1 gr. of crude opium in S. i gr. of extract in 10. it the precedence. An alcoolature may be defined as the Laudanum de Rousseau. product obtained by the maceration of a fresh plant in R Opium . 200 Honey . . 600 Beer yeast . 40 alcohol 90° of per cent. It differs from the Alcoolat in not 60° Hot water. 3000 Alcohol at . . . . 200 requiring distillation, and from the Alcoole in necessitating opium being dissolved the use of recently gathered material. Tinctures of The honey and together in the water, is set up by the addition Henbane, Conium, Digitalis, etc., are prepared in this way, and fermentation of the yeast complete, it is when we view them in the light of certain experiments when the latter is the whole is evaporated to which have lately been made, for the purpose of ascertaining 600 parts, and when cold the alcohol added. 1 gr. of opium the therapeutic value of the same tinctures when prepared is contained in 4, being exactly twice the strength of the from the di-ied material, that the interest before mentioned Laudanum de Sydenham. " " attaches to them. Though these investigations are by no Gouttes Noires Anylaises.—The Black Drop of ancient celebrity place and formula means complete, the experimental results go far to show finds a here, distilled vinegar exhaust the that tinctures prepared from certain succulent plants, when being used to opium instead of verjuice. Altogether, dried, are almost, if not absolutely, inefficacious and worth- the Laudanum de Rousseau appears to corre- less and spond more nearly with the old Black Drop, as fermentation ; therefore that the pijopriety of giving a place to tinctures was always employed, which is not of this description is^Vell founded. It is thirty the case in t he present directed, years ago since they were first introduced into French formula. Prepared as it represents half its weight practice of opium, part being equal by B6ral, and a suitable place has been assigned to one to two parts of Laud, do them in Rousseau, and to four parts of Laud, the Codex ever since. There is, however, some de Sydenham. little inconsistency evinced here in the fact that these tinc- Tinct. de Noix Vomique. Tinct Nuc. Vomica, Ph. Br. tures are again ordered to be prepared in another place from 1 part to 5 1 part to 10 dried specimens; it behoves us carefully to distinguish Etherial tinctures, ElMrole's, are prepared, not with pure between the two, since the Alcoolatures are far more active, ether, but with a mixture of alcohol and ether, of sp. gr. lhe term Alcoolds originally proposed by Chereau is •700, obtained by mixing 712 parts of ether with 288 parts now Bynonymous " with Teintures Alcooliques" (Tinctures of alcohol of 90 per cent. Belladonna, Conium, Digitalis, —

THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. |Juno 15, 180T. 94 themselves upon the notice the agency of steam, bo that from one part by weight of and Henbane once more intrude already twice prepared as substance, a quantity, varying from one, one and a half to this head, having been under assign any two or four parts, may be drawn over. Extemporaneous Alcoolatures. It is impossible to AJcSwb andI extracting them again with ether preparations from tho essential oil, by rubbing with sugar or ^finite reason in thus have sometimes boon employed carbonate of magnesia, and subsequent agitation with water, thou.'h those preparations purpose of external friction, an notion in is in no case allowed; neither is our latest method of distil- Sn Franco for the the most important part. ling with the oil, instead of the fresh plant any more favour- which the ether doubtless plays as the menstruum for Cantharides, ably regarded. Acetic ether is employed acid is a good solvent for Upon the latter point, however, a fairly unanimous deci- upon the supposition that acetic better agent cou d be sion has been given on this side the Channel, it having been Cantluu-idinf Were this tho case, no Pharni xxiv. and shown that some waters, especially the " mints," as regards employed; but Procter (Am, Jour, of 299) acid will only take up the their flavour and keeping qualities, are preferably prepared others have shown that acetic boiling temperature, and by this latter method; nevertheless, the Codex, in adhering active principle of the flies at a on cooling, so to one uniform method of manufacture, and directing that even then a considerable portion is deposited other would exhaust the the waters bo very frequently renewed, is more likely to that possibly, in this case, ordinary acetic compound. ensure uniformity of product than if two or three different flies quite as efficiently as tho Apozkmes.—Under this term are included a class of reme- methods were at the disposal of the pharmaceutist. There of the infusion and decoc- is, we believe, a very general opinion among French chemists dies, partaking of the nature both that object and position that the essential oil in a hydrolat is not msrely a simple tion', and occupying in the Codex which we have been generally accustomed to assign in a solution of the oil in water, but that, it is in chemical com- Pharmacopoeia to these two preparations. They are in like bination with it as a hydrate ; and this assertion i

Potion. The following is a good example ; as will be seen, it (unless they be salted); but the other three are known to is very similar to Decoctum Sarsaj Co., P. B. : acquire a certain suavity of odour which is not to be found in the more recent flower. Apoz&mes Sudorifique— This mellowness is also an important desideratum in the 9> Lig. Guaiaci, 60 Had. Sarsoe cont., 30 distilled product; since all waters, when freshly drawn, Had. Sassafras, 10 „ GlycyrrhizEB, 20 especially from green plants, possess, at first, a peculiar Aqua, 1,000 smoky flavour. To remedy this, they are directed to be kept Boil the guaiacum and sarsaparilla in the water for an at least one month before using, and, when matured, to be hour, add the remainder, infuse for two hours, and strain. preserved in stoppered bottles, perfectly filled, and removed Let the decoction, when finished, measure one litre. from the influence of light. Bains Medicinatjx. Medicated Baths.—These important The care evinced in obtaining uniform and definite pre- and universally employed remedial agents receive in the parations is well shown in the following water. pages of the Codex the recognition due to their importance. Eau de Laurier Cerise. Aqua Laurocerasi. Take of fresh, Formula are given for alkaline, sulphuretted, iodized, mer- leaves of Cherry Laurel, gathered between May and Sep- curial, and other baths, as also for the artificial preparation tember, 1,000 grammes; water, 4,000 grammes. Bruise the of the three hot springs of Vichy, Plombieres, and Bareges. leaves, and distil with a moderate heat, till the product " Pediluves," or foot baths, are also included, though such amounts to 1,500 grammes. When the operation is finished, formulae as that of mustard and warm water scarcely deserves agitato the distilled water strongly to effect the complete a place. solution of the volatile oil, and filter through paper to re- It is rather surprising that no mention is made of the move any oil that may chance to be held in suspension. Douche bath, nor of yet Bains de Vapeur ; however, since Aqua Laurocerasi, prepared in this manner, contains, gene- the latter term is nearly synonymous with " Fumigations," rally, from fifty-five to seventy milligrammes of hydrocyanic to which a special chapter is devoted, they cannot be said to acid in the 100 grammes but for medicinal purposes, this have ; been entirely omitted; a list is there given of the proportion must be lowered by the addition of distilled water substances capable of administration in the state of to 50 milligrammes. vapour, but no special directions for their application to To estimate the proportion of Hydrocyanio Acid which it the skin. contains, prepare a volumetric solution of sulphate of copper The capacity of the bath is given at about sixty gallons - ; by dissolving ;J3 09 grammes of the salt in a litre of water, the proportion of organic and inorganic material dissolved and having measured 100 cc. of the aqua, and 100 cc. of in it, in other words its strength, being so adjusted as to suit solution of ammonia into a beaker, run in the volumetrio the special remedial object in view in each case. solution from a burette, till it ceases to bo entirely de- Bieres Mkdicinales have now almost disappeared from colourized by the acid. The number of cc. of solution used, JJTench practice. They were formerly in groat repute in this represent exactly the number of milligrammes of Hydro- country, Qumcey's Dispensatory for 1739 containing no less cyanic Acid contained in the 100 grammes of the cherry than thirty "cerevosiai j" but they fell into disuse about the laurel water. If, therefore, 60 cc. of the volumetric solution end ot the eighteenth century. The Codex retains but one have been used, 100 grammes of the water contain 60 milli- formula, that for "Bifcro Antiscorbutique." This can scarcely grammes of Hydrooynnic Acid and, therefore, tho distilled be snid to be an imitation of ; our "Spruce Beer," though the product requires dilution, so as to reduce the proportion to therapeutic effect is doubtless tho same 50 milligram ines. This is/of course, easily done by a rule- Coi.LTRE8.-The " term Collyria" is to be understood as of of-throe sum—50 : 100 : : 60 : 120. Every 100 grammes applying in the Codex to any medicament which is employed the water must, consequently, have 20 grammes of dis- to act directly upon tho eye, whether it be in tho state of tilled water added to it, in order to reduce it to tho normal fine powder, liquid, or otherwise. standard. Eaux Distillks or Hydkolats.— Distilled waters, the Elkctuaires, Confections, Opiats —In this chapter, that manufacture of which has ever been a fertile source for extraordinary and multitudinous grouping of ingredients, d Ueronces of opinion, ora in all cases to bo prepared by briefly culmi- distillation, mentioned before under Alcoolatw, reaches its either with water in the ordinary way, or through nating point. In one case no less t han a tenth of the whole — :

95 15, 1S67 THE CHEMIST AND DRUG GIST. June ]

Collodium Flexile Ph. Br. cho-en lot. being dried, Collmlion (Codox). Materia Medic*, apparently by red from pi' ked ingredients; Confeclinri, a Blistering Tis-ues and Poor Man's Pl.ster, the Codex in- finisiied work, requiring no revision; Catho'icum, curing all cludes the ' Papier Fayard et Blayn," which, since tho from diseases, are terms which, having been handed down patent has now expired, is inseried under the name of applied in Pharmacy to l time immemorial, still continue to ho "Papier dit Cbimique (< narta Chen. id)." the same style of preparations, though in many cases shorn Esfeces is a term which, if translated by "Ingredients," of ad their pristine gtandeur. may render evident a t-ignification otherwise exc-edingly Tnis, the last, edition of tho C >dex, contains five of these vague and indefinite, for by Expels are designated certain preparations, among which the Theriaca stands chief, arcdis mixtures of dried leaves, joots, etc., which, when coarsely indiijestaque m >/es of sixty ingredients. It would be wasting comminuted, are kept in stock for the immediate pieparation time and space to enumerate its components f-inglv, but if of an infusion or decoction. These latter are generally pre- it be remembered that it is composed of opium, combined pared by the patient himself, the pbarmacien forwarding with aromntics and antispasmodics, it is, perhaps, all that is the necessary materials and directions. As a type of requ red. It has been considerably curtailed from former formula the following may be taken, though in all other editions, and reduced in strength. Eighty »raius of the cases save the present the proportions of ingredients are Theriaca now contain one grain of opium. part. eq. — Diascordium (from Teucrium Scord'Uin, Labiatse) is another Espices Purgatives. St. Germain's Tea. of these ancient, r-medies which still maintains its ground, Fol. Sennas . 120 grms. 4* ozs. somewhat alter>d, however, from the original formula of P> ,. Sambuci 40 „ IVasca'or ; it is essentially an astringent electuary, extract Fruct. Anisi . 40 If of op um, bistort, and tormemil being found among i's „ „ Fcenic. 30 „ 1 oz. 25 grs. constituents. 116.j grains contain 1 gr. of ext. opii. Pota?s. Bitart. 30 1 „ 25 „ E'ectuaire de S-in6 Co. Lenitive Electuary differs from the „ English preparation chiefly in containing Pearl Barley, the Mix carefully, and divide into packets of 5 grms. (75 rhizome (not ratine as given) o» Pol.vpodium Vu gare, and grains), each of wlrch s-rve to make about half a pint of the fresh bav. s of Scolopendrium Y»lg. and Mercuridis infosion. An aperient remedy very popular in Prussia. Annua. It has no relationship with Elect. Ca'h'dicu>n Extraits.—The extracts ot the Codex are divided into (Comp. Rhubarb do.), though many of the same ingredients five classes. 1. Those prepared by evaporation of the are *ound in b th. expre?s-d juice of fru ts S"nietimes termed JZo&s. 2. By Although the term "Opiat" was originally intended to the evaporation of the expressed juice of p-

entirely lo.-t tbis Mgmficati n ; and at present any pre- 5. Etherial extract-". In all eases the s lution intended to para'ioa much simpler in composition, yet of about the furnish the ex'ract is to be obtain* d in as concen' rated a same consistence as the electu >ry, comes under this head. form as possible, and subsequently to be evaporated in Tne C 'dex con'ains on'y one formula, ' Opiat de Oopahu vacuo, so that the heat applied may never reach 100° C. Co.," c -mposed of e^ual parts of Copaiba, Cubebs, and Only two unimpo'tant extracts, Buckthorn and E'der, Catechu. are prepared by the first process, but tho second contains a Emplatres, Sparadr\ps and Papiers Emplastiqtjes. more extensive catalogue. Since all these are prepared in The pbs'ers of the Codex fall under two subdivisions. the same manner, t hat of Ext. Cond is given in the Codex 1. EmpVUres RSsineux, in composition clo-ely resembling the as the type. "Take of leaves of Conium gathered when ointments i.e., the ointme its of tho Cod-x as di-tinguished the plant is in flower, g. s. Bruise in a stone mortar, express from Pomades—but differing in containing more solid iu- the juice, heat so as to coagulate the albumen and chlo- grr-d ents. and consequently in po-sess'ng a higher melting rophyll, stra : n ond ev-iporate the liquor till induced to one- point. The Emp. Lyttffl and Emp. Picis are the only repre- third ot its volume Cool, and allo-v it to depo-it for twelve

1 sentatives in the P. 13. of this c'as- , of which perhaps the hours; .separate the f culence, and evaporate to the con- former is the bett>r eximple as regards consistence since sis r ence of a sofr. ex'ra-t." We notice here that the leaves the Emp. Pn-i-i contains rather less wax than is generally only are employed, to the exclusion of the young green found in plasters of this d--s.-ri. tion. 2. Empl&tres propre- s'alks, that the albumen and chlorophyll are separated tneut dits. the basis of wh'ch is either entirely or parti il'y together, and the chlorophyll not subsequently returned; lead plaster. Under this lat'cr head ore also included Emp. from this letter circumstance, tbe term "green ex r racts" Er&'ds, in like manner prepared with oxide of leal, but can scarcely bo applied to them. Partial cla' ification also ot without the intervention water ; eonsequent'y 'be hoiling is adopted, which gives the extiact more transparency than P 'int rises c nsiderably, and the product bee >mes brown we ar« nccus'omed to see in our own piep 'ration. from the partixl decoioposit on of the fats. In the Fobtary The to'ul rejection of the chlorophyll cannot be con- instance in which this latter proc j ss is emp'oyed in the sidered otherwise than as an error; for though it is well Codex, i' is not ea-y to explain the object intend d in thus known to possess no activity in it-elf, it has b« en shown burning the pi ist-r ; but some pharmaceutists are of by S'orok to be clos-ly allied to the vegetable a'ka'oids in opin on that if the water U3ed in their preparation be its chemical properties, which renders it exceedingly pro- &bowed to run short towards the end of the operation, a bable that it is capable of entering into combinat ion with product, is obtained which, though rather darker in colour, them; cert-iia it i-, that when coagulated, it carries down is le-^8 brittle, and spreads more easily. with it a considerable portion of the active principle, thus When a pla-ter is extended upon any material, such as rendering its subsequent incorporation with the extract linen, silk, or co'ton, it is ca'led a S.mradrap, the term almost imperative. Extracts of Aconite, Belladonua, Hen- being generally confine! to Mich as are prepared t by tho bane, Tarax icum, etc., are m:ide in this way. yard. Ecuison. is the name applied to the urn-ill plas'er ord -red As regards the Aqueous Extracts, inaiera'ion or displace- by prescription. Among the list of Sparadraps we find ment with cold, warm, or hot water is employed to exhaust Collodion, th« formula for which has bean v*ry wisely tbe material, ehulli'i'n never, save in the case of Guaiacuni imitated, in sense if not in iden'ity, l.y the Collodiuni wood. The recent researches of M. Blonde m have been Flexile of the Ph. Br. The improvement, du- to Dr. L itour, recognised in the preparation of Ext. ot Cdisaya B

CHEMTST AND DRUGGIST. [June 16, 1807. 00 THE

prepared dry, by scaling spirituous menstruum. However, they were probably found Extrao- of Gr y Bark is also to bo not to answer so wed as was anticipated, and at the present upon poivela'ii plates. . . . importance, is in- day t hey have, almost disappeared from pracioe. The Codex Extract, of Calabar Bean, of growing list, prep-red percolation retains but two, Icelai'.d Moss and Cairagheen, from whiub. cluded among the ulo .holio »y Coi.ium und the a Saccharnre is prepared by evaporating the decoction to with boiling alcohol. Under this bead, .o seeds. The sometimes u*ed in the preparation ot choco'ates. The term iiried material, iuauding natural order, Oldosaccharure is applied to admixture of an essential oil French aeeni io bo remark abl.v fond ol this an it. oconring in ih« with sugar, and made either by tiiturating them directly no lo-s than fifty-f-ur preparations from the together, or rasping ccitain hespei idace. us Codex. We

; HtTILES MlSDICINALES AND LlNIMENTS. Although a tl S- view, among which those of Blancard, Anderson, and Vallet tinction is made between these two classes in the Codex, stand prominently forwaid. they are nevertheless practically identic-il, since the medi- The Soc trine variety of Aloes is never employed in the cated oils are intended solely tor external use. Some of Codex, Barbadoes being generally ordered in aperient, and these o Is are prepaied by digesting the leaves, etc., ot one Cape in dinner Pill masses, the objection to the Socotnne

or more plants in olive oil 'ill they become crisp, ttiat is, being, apparently, that it is too 6trong ; for we find in the list till the water of vegetat'On has been vola'ilized, a'ter the of Materia Medica a note to the effect that " the Cape aloes,

manner o 1 the Ung. C»nii of P. L. 1851. Others are simple being the less active variety of any, is alway to be employed solutions in olive oil of such substances as camphor und unless it bo specially oiderrd to the contrary." Two phosphorus. formulae for Pi). Feni Protocarb. are given, one retaining The c nnplex Baume Tranquille, much patronised as an the alkaline sulphate, the other not. The excellence of

anodyne in rheumatisms and other local | ains, belongs to M. Vallet's method cannot be doubted, and it receives the tormer class, it< efficacy depending principally upon the recognition in the United State's Pharm. as well as in the presence ot the four favoutite narcotic plan's. Like the present instance; its superiority consists in dissolving the Ong. Populeum it possesses a fine green colour (chlorophyll), reacting salts in weak syrup, in washing the precipitate which appears red when viewed by transmitted light. with the same, and then ex, resting it in a cloth likewise The Liniments proper differ from our own pieparations impregnated with sugar, and subsequen'ly in bringing it to in no other respect, save in the construction of tho lormulce. the pilular c nsutence by evaporation with honey and sag It. is important to no 'ce that the imita ion of Opod'ld-c of milk, which are found to act much more efficiently than contains ammonia, and is decolourized with animal charcoal. Confection of Ros> s, in preventing the oxidation of the iron. Baume Opodeldoch. Lint. Siponis Co. Fh. Br. Granules, introduced by M.M. Homolle and Qucv. nne,

1* Hard Soap 800 ]$ Hani Soap .. 2* oz. are prepared coniaining Digitaline, Arsenious Acid, A'ropin dtnphor .. .. 240 Camphor lj OZ. ' grain of th and Strychnine. Each granule contains 3 Liqili I Am nit s ]00 Oil of Ro< mary . 3 fl. dr. Oil of ItuSimary (iO alkaloid, etc. Distilled Water . 2 oz. Oil of rhyme 20 Hectiticd Spii it IS fl.oz. M It is not possible in every ca3e to calculate the proporti" Aluohol of 90° 2500 of active ingredient in a pill mass, s>nce the quantity Glyceres have been inserted in the Codex simultaneously excipient is often left to the discretion ot the dispenser; br with "Glycrnna" in the Ph. Br., and though the two as the mass produced by each formula is directed to cla-ses are precisely similar in their general style and immediately rolled off into a certain number ot p lis, t application, they differ slighty upon two points. The proportion in each pill is consequently acoura'ely know Codex prepares its GUyceid d'Amidon (Glyeerinum Amyii) The weights of the following pids is therefore calculated in the proportion of 1 ot strch to 15 of glycerine; the nearly as it is possible to do so : — Ph. Br. 1 to 9 by weight. The former uses the above Pilules Asiatiques, ou Arsinicales. Gl\ Cerate of Starob as the basis of all its officinal prepara- 1 grain contains gr. ot As Oj. tions; she latter does fa 2 not employ it in a single instance. Pilules de Cynoglosse Ojtiacies. In neither ot those formula? is the proportion of s'arch so 3 grains cou'aius gr. of ext. opii and the same o large as originally fa suggested by Mr. Schacht, who omploys pulv. scm. Hyoscy. 70grs. to tho fluid oz. of glyceiine. It ha3 been lonnd Pilules de Dupuytren. necessary to confer upon these preparations a certain 1 gr. contains about gr. of Hyd. Bichlor. and about amount J of consistence since, like all compounds of glyce- i gr. of ext. opii. rine, they have a great tendency to absorb moisture from Pil. Hydrarg. is. of the same strength, and prepared in the atmosphere. the same way as the Ph. Br., but there is no such formula The applica-ion of thesi G'ycerates in pharmacy has been as Pil. Saponis Co., by which opium may be administered at present but slightly developed; there >s no doubt, how- alone. over that, ere long they will supersede in many ca=os the (ZY> It continued use of ointments.

Oli'osacchahures, et '.—The " sacchnrure " was firtt pro- pos d hy Bthal, Cod who was of opinion that it would prove a We have nc-ived samples of Midler's Norwegian convenient i>na mode of administering a tine lire in those cases Liver Oil, Beckett's Syrup of Orange and Quinine, in which the stimulant These . fleet, f tho a'cohol was inadmi-sibl-, Morson and Son's Sicchar..ted Wheat Phosphates. and he prepared them by taturating sugar, in nmall frag- avtioli s wid be leporiod on in an early number. ments, with an alcoholic or ctheriul tincture and then On Wednesday last, Messrs. Daniel Hanbury and Joseph cipesing it to the air or a gentle heat to volatilize tho Inco were elected Fellows of the Microscopical Society. 97 June 15, 1867.] THE CHEMIST AND DRUG-GIST.

We know too many chemists have lessened their connection by such a parsimonious i-tep. We have learnt bow shrewd the public is at summing up the business ap'itude of our assistants; we look carefully into their qualifications, and to competent m>-n give a higher remunerat ion than formerly. In other establishments and in my own I have noticed the THE PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY'S MEETING. searching eyes of a customer, for whom, perhaps, some favourite Formula was being dispensed, and I have heard DRUGGIST. TO THE EDITOR OP THE CHEHI>T AND certain pmtinent little questions asked, in the answers Sir,—The executive of the United Society could not but to wh eh is quickly discerned a more or less intimate know- feel an anxious interest in the decision »hioh the Special ledge of our business, and the result i3 a greater or lesser General Meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society, held on the confidence placed in the respondent. Move onwards a step, 15th ultimo, was convened to pronounce, as we wero quite the assistant of to-day is the master of to-morrow, and aware that the votps passed, and the Council elected for the in either capacity the umount of his business qualifications ensuing year would either check our present efforts, or tend will determine the measure of his success. The exami- to crown them with success. nations of the Pharmaceutical Society we hold in nigh The final decision has filled with the utmost gratiflcition esteem, and believe so stamp a man, that (ccnteris paribus) the hetrts of many both within and wi'hont the pale of the such proof of compcency must display itself on every Pharmaceutical Society, as Mr. Collins' amendment, em- available occasion to the general body of his patrons, and bodying the fullest approval of the Council'* policy, taken to the memb-rs of the medical profession. We, the out- together with the re-election of the old members of Council siders, are n >t jealous of such advantage. We feel proud of almost en. masse, proves that unity of opinion existed ou ttiis the influence a'ready exercised in our trade hy the young important subjec- of trade legislation hetween the repre- energetic and cxa-nined men. The Society that b afts to sentatives and the represented in the Pharmaceutical be their " Alma Mater," is worthy of all our support to Society. urge its action to the utmost, limit; and we hare claimed The late discussions have been ample and exhaustive; to be participators together with them in this good work. and we doubt not that frank and friendly explanations have Of examinations as a body we would say, " Before the placed the whole question in a brighter light even to those Pharmaceutical Society was, the public had examined us." who had deemed their interests disregarded. We offer you our credentials, such as were those of your We would give expression to the views and sentiments founders and of tv.'o-thirds of your members, as men whose of the outsiders at this stage of the movement; and now business a'ta : nments have stood the test of practice, and the discussion is, for practical purposes, closed by the d bate been matured by experience. If it be possible for an of the 15' h ult. We would express to pharmaceu'ical unworthy postulant to be admitted to the Ptiaimaceu'ical chemists that we should have b^en grieved had we created, Society, his membeivhip can be merely the outward hadw.e, however unconsciously, any diffic dry within their Soc'ety, the lion's skin will fail to conceal his tiue nature ; and most by causing an interruption, though even temporary, in that assuredly such a man will not find it his interest to continue confidence hitherto to fre-ly given to the Council. W« money payments to a Society, membership of which merely were prepared in the present juncture of affiirs for this exposes him to ridicule. ippeal to the supreme tribunal of the Society, lor the action It remains for the United Society, and for all to place jf the Council has been decided and bold. This year will upon record with what cou'tesy, frankness, and liberality probably witness the turning poiut in its career, such a one thev havo been met by the Pharmaceutical Council. as will follow from a bold and patriotic policy — * policy that We heattily wish that the Society va.^ receive active and aims to marshal the great body of chemi-ts and druggists permanent support from many who hold an honourable in England and Scotland as a compact phalanx, securing by position in our' trade. Feelings of the highest confidence this organisation to each member a higher social position, and respect now take the place of former diffidence; for ind a guardianship for his interests. in addressing my parting words to pharmaceutical chemists, To attain th's result no pusillanimous action would avail, I will tell them what they have not done. To the level fhis new era for our trade could only be inaugurated by of unworthy members of our trad*, your feelings and Doldly setting different opinions and interests tace to face, judgment have recoded from degrading the great body ind demanding from them those mutual concessions which of your fellow-pharmaceutists. You have not disfigured ;he attainment of a grand object so imperat.vely asked for, the portals ot y air noble institution by asking U3 to enter md which have been so unselfishly conceded. the Pharmaceutical Society only through another " Caud\ne The whole history of our negotiations proves that, fully Forks," stamping us with a bidge of inferiority to foster :onscious of the position we were entitled to fill in the only feelings of injustice and enmity. Pnarmaceutical Society, we have felt sensitive that in Believe me, naking our proposals they should be such as could be Truly yours, :omplied with, without a sacrifice of justice, for greatly S. C. Betty, ;hough we value success, we would abandon our project Member of the London Executive :ould it be attained only by a wrong. We do not for a of Chemists and Druggists. nom-nt deny to the examined members their first cldm 1, Park-street, Gloucester-gate, Regent's-park, London. ;o the consideration of their Council. If, as it appears from ;he present confusion of terms, the distinction is insufficiently narked between Pharmaceutical Council and member of the Pharmaceutical Society, the blame is not ours, neither LEGISLATION FOR CHEMISTS. ihouM be the pena ty ; but let ws be practical, and henceforth TO THE EDITOR OF THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. jive the appellations a more distinctive character. Dear Sir. —In a leading article in your journal for the We assure pharmaceutical chemists we are actuated by month of November last, referring to a letter of mine in ;he belief that the opeiat ; on of the Pharmacy Act will the same issue, advocating conciliation and unitv, you benefit those to succeed us more than ourselves. We look regretted you could not, concur with mo that the '* halcyon" orward to see our members conscious of the higher standing days of the United Society were so near. The proceedings, )f their pursuits; to fee their labour rewarded by protection however, of the past few months have materially alteied Tom unfair competition ; at least we hope to see the your opinion; thanks to the liberality and good sense of jlimination from our body of the ambitious huckster, the the two executives. I must admit I could not have hoped snterprising pawnbroker, the dilapidated schoolmaster. Our for so speedy and snthfactory an arrangement when I penned relative commercial advantages cannot be upset, should any my last. I regret I have not been able to attend the meet- ane use the title of member of the Pharmaceutical Society ings which have brought about so desnalle a termination. merely to cloak ignorance in his business. And now a word, Mr. Editor, about the New Bdl. So far as The pubic is not so obtuse as we may sometimes give my humble ideaa extend, it seems to bo a vcy sensible and it credit for being, of which here is a practical illustration well-framed measure, but there is one clause, tho 17th, to joining home to most of us. In engaging our assistants, which I much obj' ct, so fur ns it relates to " Opium and ire wo eager to secure the services of a cheap " young mm." Laudanum" in Schedule A. I will give my reasons. In — ;

TTTE CT1EMTST AXD JTRTTGrOTST. [June 18, U67. 98

Chemists coul.l pos-ib du GAZE ITE. villaves wh.ro no Registered y th«w arc numbers ot nged tftrf enough business to ex 8^, BANKRUPTS. peopte, who, either fiom noce-sity or i-hoice Uko Impotent BAivBnrDr.K, William, Brld.'c-ntroet, Soathwark, surgeon. imd in the event, of the Bui P"S*i«* opium or landman., l)is.v;.Y William Di i.:i.. G rlus mi, SuToIk. chemist. thc3< piti.ble.obj oU would with the clause as it now stands Harbison, R H.« Uroujtiooo r ad, LUlston, cliem tor in towns we •!<• not IIoldhovo, Row la vi>, II tl I. rsricld, Gj. iaau yjast dealer. bo lolt in a very awkward dilemma; small quantity of iho-o Wild, J., Cuuihon upou-Mcdlook, chemist liko to supplv more than a very the po suns, unless to those who ate period 'oil customers for PARTXERSUIP3 DISSOLVKD. same, ami whom wo leel we may trust with th-iu, thernlore Bvcoalev and Welch, Incu, near Wlgar, manufacturing chemists. 1' ami 11 * i dinu. lin&ton at. .. .;. unenviably Jackson n m. , surgvo-.s. these pour villagers and chemists would alike bo Pullax and I)h*mi:li>, Limx », BuruMitS.

placed. . uik anl Ci'.ti>LA.si>, U.inwcll, JhotuUts. I wish to submit thi3 to the trade, also to the combined for their oarn.st consideration. First on behalf Committees Pkoposed Amendment ns laving quantities of them to strangers^ thereby inclining risks a competent knowl.-d.e of their bu-incss, and for jjrotectioa which it is at all times most, dc-i-.able 'o av>id. against the competition ot unqualified hueks'ers who One worl more before [conclude. I trust in the "Sunday imagine that a few Hiring t how- bottles and a supp'y of Trading Bill" introduced by Mr. Thos. aughes, M.P., doubtful drugs and che ideals constitute the essentials of a nothing will be inserted to encourage in the public mind i a bug wtii di demands no i-inali amount <> eeieniific know- any reason to expect that- ch«-mistfs are ncessarly opeus and the practice of pharmacy is in harmony with Apologising for the length of this letter, believe nie, the frequently expressed of the public gen-rally. Dear Sir, yours very truly, demand Until lately, the prospect of obtaining tbis desideratum Eye, Sussex. A. W. Smith. eeeoie 1 hopeless, owing- to the want ol unan ini'y amongst the leaders of the drug trade. The conservatism of the NOTES ON PRESCRIBING. Pharmac-utical Society was opposed to the radicalism of those in the trade who proudly spoke < f theun-elvrs as TO THE EDITOR OP THE CHEMIST AND DETTGGIST. "outsiders; " and some time ago, two Bills haviug tne same were hopelessly by Parlia- Sib,— Bt-lievin^ you will fully agree with us in n nsidering ultimate object re'erred a dyiug a certain manner ^prescribing, adopted by nn M.I), of this ment to a special committee, who did notning b-yond de- town, us most unpro essional, and calculated to bring tlie cking t'iat. legislation on ttic sale of poisons wa-« wanted. . whole medical body into d'srepute, 'We trust yon will give Recently the Council of the Pharm-teeu' i--al Soci-ty nave " publicity to this letter. We copy from our Prescription made all the conc-ssions demanded by t he outsiders," and Book au adm rable Bi 1 has been framed. We have every reason to believe that those who have dignified the title aid No. 1, R Ruspini .... 4.6 Take a dessert-spoonful in water three times daily. worked tor the advanuement of pharmacy in this country aiv in favour of a m <*t liberal measure, while " the Aduda- Mrs. , July 4, 66. mites" of the present movement arc simply shopkeepers.— No. 2. R Mis»-. Tarasaci Comp. . Jiv. The Laboratory. In a sealed bot'le. A dessert-spoonful to be taken at 11 and 4 o'clock.

Mrs. .

No. 3. R Pd Saponis Comp. grs. v. Nervine Sedative Pill. The last thing at bedtime R. Baume tranqnille Pbar- i| mac ee Francois . sij. has been To be rubbed whenever and wherever there is pain. The market for Chemicals during the pa3t month 15.4.67. trade more actives ; prices, however, are lower. The home and Knowing as we do that the=e are to be found in no British are the ctref buyers, and as money is so abundant Pharmacopoeia—excepting indeed the unpublished one of the cheap, we look for a further slight improvement in business. writer—they have been undoubtedly written for the express Tartaric Acid is lower, but a good busine-s has been done in purpose of sending the patient to a particular chemist to get them English at Is. 2d. to Is. 2Jd. Several sales have been made dispensed, from which fact it may not. unreasonably be in foreign at Is. 2Jd. to Is. 3d., the latter ptice now with inferred that the M.D. is in some way pecuniarily interested in the and profits on the sale of such medicine?, paiticulatly as dimculty obtained. Oxalic is quiet at 9Jd. to 9Jd., the charge lor them is generally higher than for those in Chlotate at 12d. to 12i,d. Small pales made in Sal Acetos at ordinary use. ll£d. A good business has been done in Citric Acid at This practice would, perhaps, be excusable did the M.D. Is. lOijd. to Is. lid. in French prescribe these A good many sales made secret medicines to those cf hid patients only who are customer* Quinine at 4s. 2d. to 4s. 31, now 4s. 4d. asked. Eng'hh is of that particular chemist; such, howevr, is not the caec. nominal 4s. Bichroniate These new-fangled prescriptions have been at 9d. Iodine is dull at 9,|d. brought to us by our own patrons., and wo have been com- remains quiet at 3d., and Prnss ate: of Potass at 12Jd. to pelled either to acknowledge our inability to dispense them, 13d. Sulphate of is dull at 25s. to 26s. Cream or to Copper procure them from this particular chemist, bearing Tartar has become dull 83s. 81?. Soda Crystals are printed directions with at to name and address of maker, and thus easier, small tales only made at 107*. 6d., ex ship. Ash is 0,, t, mwin th : ° unenviable position of being Soil A°n ; 2^d. to ijd., accoiding to quality. A good business has HWnmea °f ™ profusion to have them uno ' L «r been done in Sal 34s. 35s. 6d., beenTnf ^'lishment. The consequence has Ammoniac rather under to Cas< h,,v () »• Reived an order for their these prices are now asked. Bleaching Powder is slow at rene.ition '"w : , , 08018 airS^^VoSoTa^n-e Pecuniary but 14s. 6d. A good business done in Sulphate of Ammonia at 12s. to 12s. 6d. Flour of Brimstone sells well at 13s. 6d. <*» »ro«t a remedy we n^^^X^i^ Roll is steady nt 10s. to 10s. 8d. Alum is steady, without Refined We are Sir, ynnrs very obediently, change, £7 10s. in tierces, and £7 15e. in barrels. FlRM F Saltpetre is quiet, and only small stiles at 22s. 6d. to 23s. ° PuAKMACWT18Ta ' Cheltenham, May 80th, 1867. Linseed Oil is much butter, but closed not quite so fiim ,. ,! ,. .

Juno 15. 1867. THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 99

spot oil is now 39s. 6d., Hull 383. 9J. to 39s., and last six 1867. 1867 1866. 1866 CHEMICALS. s. d. 8. d. 8. d. a. d. months 36s. 9d. to 37s. Brown Rape has closed rather lower, Iodine, dry per oz. 0 9J 0 91 0 71 0 7* buyers at 33s. for English. Turpentine is again lower, Magnesia, Carbon. .. .per cwt. 42 6 0 0 42 6 45 0 the nearest prices are 3t3. to 84s. 6J. Petroleum ha3 also Calcined.. . .per lb. 1 6 1 8 1 6 1 8 Minium, red por cwt. 21 6 22 6 22 0 22 3 further declined, and is dull at Is. Id. to Is. ljd. for fine orange 33 6 0 0 32 6 0 0 9d. for American; 12d- for English; and S.Jd. to Petroleum Potash, Bichromate. .per lb. 0 5 0 SI 0 6 Spirit. Nothing reported in Crude. Chlorate 1 o 1 1* 1 2 Hydriodate. .per 8 In the Drug market, Gum Arabic becoming in better lb. 12 6 . 0 0 6 Prussiate. . . .per lb. 1 0} 1 0} 1 supply, ha3 given way a few shillings, and business very U rod 1 &i , 1 10 1 91 1 10 quiet. Camphor has advanced to 137s. 6d. to 140s. for Precipitate, red .... per lb. 2 5 2 6 0 0 2 6 China, but was not so active at the close. A good business white 0 0 2 5 2 5 0 O Prussian Blue 1 0 1 10 1 0 1 10 has been done in Galls at late pi ices. Large sales made in Rose Pink per cwt. 29 0 . 0 0 29 0 0 0 Siam Sticklac at from 52s. 6d. to 62s. 63., closing firm at the Sal-Acetos per lb. 0 llj . 0 0 0 0 1 2 latter price. Od Aniseed is steidy at 123., and thirty to Sal-Ammoniac ....per cwt. British 84 0 . 36 35 6 87 « forty cases sold. Tonquin Musk at the late sale went Is. to 8alts, Epsom 8 6 . 9 8 6 9 6 2s. cheaper. Aloes were about Is. lower, and some Glauber Cape 5 6 . 0 5 0 6 0 Soda, Ash 0 Barbadoes sold at rather easier prices. The few parcels of por dog. 0 21 . 0 0 24 Bicarbonate, .per cwt. 18 6 19 Bark offered were chiefly taken in at firm prices. Castor 17 6 . 0 Crystals per ton 107 6 . 0 110 0 0 Oil is O^d. dearer, and in better demand. Citronelle i3 0|d. Sugar Lead, white por cwt. 0 0 . 0 31 0 39

cheaper, fifty cases selling at 2fd. to 3d. Several parcels of brown 27 0 . 27 27 0 0 Sulphate Quinine per China Rhubarb have been offered, but being held for firm oz. British, in bottle . . 4 9. 0 0 5 1 0 prices, they were chiefly taken in. Cardamoms are without Foreign 4 4 . 0 0 4 8 0

change. Balsam Capivi is steady, last sales made at Is. 9jd. Sulphate Zinc perewt. 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 Verdigris per lb. to Is. lOd. Jalap is without change, except the very low Oil . 1 0 0 11 1 Vermilion, English 2 9 . 3 2 2 9 3 kinds, which sell at easier prices. Turkey Opium was chiefly China 2 6 . 2 7 0 0 0

taken in at 15s. 6d. for good, up to 18s. for fine. Turmeric Vitriol, blue or Rom. per ct. 25 0 . 26 6 25 0 26 is rather cheaper. Rough Saltpetre is a shade better, both COCHINEAL, per lb. on the spot and for arrival. Cochineal is steady at about Honduras, black 3 0 . 4 4 3 2 .. 4 S

Id. advance. Safflower more in demand, and 2s. Cd. to 5s. silver 2 8 . 3 10 2 0 .. 3 7 Mexican, black dearer. Shellac is quiet, and the finer kinds scarcely sup- 3 4 . 3 9 3 2 .. 3 5 silver 3 4 . 3 5 3 0 .. 3 2 ported. Beeswax is a trifle easier. In other goods no change Lima 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 notice. wcrth Teneriffe, black 3 0 . 4 2 3 4 4 2 silver 3 1 S 6 3 0 .'. 3 4 DRUGS, . Aloes, Hepatic 0 PRICE CURRENT. ....perewt. 80 0 . 180 0 100 0 .. 170 Socotrine 180 0 . 290 0 140 0 .. 290 0 These quotations the latest are for actual sales in Mincing Cape, good 30 0 . 31 0 36 0 .. 39 0 inferior 0 Lane. It will be necessary for our retail subscribers to bear in 17 0 . 30 0 20 0 .. 35 Barbadoes 80 0 . 280 0 50 0 .. 2S0 0 mind that they cannot, as a rule, purchase at the prices quoted, Ambergris, grey ....per oz. 40 0 . 44 0 24 0 .. 30 0 inasmuch as these are the cash prices in bulk. They will, hoiv- Angelica Root ....perewt. 0 0. 0 0 20 0 .. 35 0 Aniseed, China star 120 0 . 0 0 90 0 .. 100 0 ever, be able to form a tolerably correct idea of what they ought to pay. German, 33 6 .. 84 0 0 0 .. 35 0 lump 85 0 .. 280 0 106 0 .. 2S0 O 84 0 .. 85 0 84 6 .. 35 0 Galangal Root 11 6 .. 13 0 9 6 .. 10 16 .. 16 a 0 6 15 0 .. 15 6 Gentian Root 10 0 powder .! 0 0 Hi 0 .. 18. i> , 7 3 .. 7 0 7 6 .. 0 0 Guinea Grains ..' Bleaching; ....perewt. 50 0 58 0 85 0 .. 87 powder 14 0 0 8 6 .. 16 6 . .. 17 0 Honey, Narbonne 60 0 Borax, East India refined 70 0 60 0 .. 70 0 . 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 Cuba 26 0 .. 41 0 20 0 .. 85 0 70 0 .. 0 0 65 0 .. 0 0 Jamaica '. 'Calomel 23 0 . 65 0 82 0 .. 61 0 .per lb. 2 5 .. 0 0 2 6 .. 0 0 Ipecacuanha •Camphor, refined.. per lb. 9 3.. 9 6 13 6 .. 14 0 1 11 .. 0 0 1 6 .. 1 Isinglass, Hrar.il 2 0 8 10 2 .. ft i I Jas, green per ton 3 65 0 .. 67 6 56 0 .. 60 s» East KorOUJve India 1 10 .. 4 2 1 .. 4 Su 1.1 i mate, por lb. 6 4 1 U .. 0 0 1 11 .. 0 0 West India r 3 8 .. 3 11 8 9 .. 4 S i ol. V^merald 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 Russian 9 e Vnswick .... r . 10 6 7 6 .. 10 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 J«l«p 0 9 ,\ 6 0 0 9 .. 5 3 — ,.. — 1

100 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [June 15, 1887.

DRUGS continued. 180". 1867. 1S00. I860. 1867. 1967. 1866. 1S66. a. d. fl. d. s. d. s. d OILS—continued. s. d. c d. t. d. 8. d. Juniper Berries . . . .per cwt. 6 10 0 ' 8 6 .. 10 0 Madras per cwt. 64 0 65 0 53 0 64 0 Gorman and French . . 8 Italian " 0 10 0 y 0 10 0 Palm, fino 40 0 0 0 3ft 0 40 9 Lemon Juico per dog. 0 01 0 01 0 OJ .. 0 oi Linseed 89 6 0 0 36 0 .. 36 6 Liquorice .per cwt. Rupeseed, English, pale .... 37 6 0 0 43 0 "• 0 0 Spanish 65 0 75 0 75 0 .. 80 0 brown 85 0 36 6 40 8 0 0 Italian M 0 70 0 55 0 .. 75 0 Pi -reign pale .... 88 6 39 0 43 er on. IS 0 32 0 18 0 .. 36 0 Tallow SO 0 38 0 36 0 0 0 Nux Vomica 10 0 11 a 20 0 .. 22 0 Rock Crude per tou £10 0 0 0 £17 0 £ 0 0 Opium, Turkey IS 8 16 6 13 0 .. 14 0 Oils, Essential Egyptian 3 8 7 0 5 0 .. 7 0 Almond, essential ... .per lb. 35 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 Orris Root por cwt. 34 0 45 0 24 0 .. 30 0 expressed 1 10 0 0 1 8 0 0 Fink Root per lb. 10 0 11 0 0 0 .. 0 0 Aniseed 12 0 0 0 9 8 0 0 Quassia (bittor wood) por ton 110 0 120 0 135 8 .. 145 0 Bay per cwt. 80 0 90 0 90 0 0 0 Rbatany Root per lb. 0 7 1 0 0 4 .. 1 Bergaraot por lb. 11 3 19 0 9 0 13 fl 3*3 Rhubarb. China, round .... 3 6 10 0 2 8 .. 12 6 Cajeputa, (in bond) ..per ox. 0 2 0 21 0 2t... 0 flat 3 0 7 6 'i a .. 10 0 Caraway per lb. 5 0 6 6 5 0 0 6 y Dutch, trimmed . . 9 6 12 0 12 0 .. 14 0 Cassia 6 6 6 9 7 0 >

Russian 9 0 10 0 15 0 .. 18 0 Cinnamon (in bond) . .per oz. 1 8 8 6 1 6 » 9 Saffron, Spanish 32 0 34 0 3G 0 .. 38 0 Cinnamon Leaf 0 4 0 6 0 4 « « Salop por cwt. 110 0 120 0 110 0 .. 130 0 Citrouel 0 3 0 43 0 3i S Saraaparilla, Lima 1 0 1 4 1 0 .. 1 4 Clove 2 7 0 0 2 8 0 9 Para 0 11 1 1 0 11 .. 1 1 Croton 1 2 1 6 1 2 1 6 Honduras .... 0 10 1 S 0 9 1 7 Juniper per lb. 1 6 1 9 1 9 2 0 Jamaica 1 0 2 1 1 1 .. 2 3 Lavender 2 9 3 9 2 0 3 3 A Sassafras por cwt. S 0 9 0 10 6 .. 11 O Lemon 5 0 8 0 6 « 8 V £canimony, virgin ..per lb. 30 0 40 0 30 0 .. 44 0 Lemongrass peroz. 0 7 0 8 1 4 1 « second 12 0 23 0 14 0 .. 23 0 Mace, ex 0 0 0 7 0 1 0 21 HSeneka Root 1 9 1 10 3 6 .. 3 9 Neroli 3 6 4 6 3 8 4 6 -Senna, Calcutta 0 0 0 0 0 e .. 0 0 Nutmeg 0 0 0 7 0 8 0 S Bombay 0 2} 0 *i 0 4 .. 0 51 Orange por lb. 5 0 7 6 5 0 « 0 Tinnevolly 0 21 0 9 0 41 .. 0 10 Otto of Roses per oz. 17 0 21 0 19 0 23 9 Alexandria 0 5 0 10 0 3 .. 0 9 Peppermint, per lb. •Snake Root 3 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 Ainericau 22 6 23 0 15 6 16 0 -Spermaceti, refined 1 4 0 0 0 0 .. 1 2 English S3 0 44 0 30 0 39 9 Squills 0 21 0 3 0 21 .. 0 4 Rhodium per oz. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • n Tamarinds, E. India, per cwt. 27 0 27 C 40 0 .. 56 9 Rosemary per lb. 1 9 2 0 1 9 2 West India 20 0 27 0 18 0 .. 32 0 Sassafras 3 0 8 0 5 0 6 0 Terra Japonica— Spearmint 16 0 25 0 26 0 28 9 Gam bier ....per cwt. 17 9 25 0 21 0 .. 2S 6 Spike 0 0 9 0 0 • 0 ( Cutch 30 0 45 0 28 0 .. 80 0 Thyme 2 0 4 0 1 10 2 O ' Valerian Root, English .... 20 0 29 0 20 0 .. 29 0 PITCH, British per cwt. 8 6 0 0 12 0 0 9 O Vanilla, Mexican perl'). 4 0 16 0 4 0 .. 18 9 Swedish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - Wormseed porewL 5 6 6 0 0 0 .. 0 0 SALTPETRE, por cwt. 210 iQUM—Ammoniac,drop,pcrcwt. 180 0 220 0 120 0 .. 170 0 English, 0 per cent, or under IS 0 19 0 23 6 24 0 lump 100 0 165 0 40 0 .. 85 0 ovor 6 per cent 17 C 18 0 22 0 23 3 Animi, fine palo 0 230 0 210 0 .. 220 0 Madras 15 0 16 6 20 8 22 0 bold amber 190 0 200 0 190 0 .. 220 0 Bombay 14 0 17 0 17 0 20 0 medium 160 0 ISO 0 160 0 .. 180 0 British-refined 22 6- 23 0 27 0 27 6 small and dark 100 0 150 0 100 0 .. 150 0 Nitrate of soda 12 0 13 0 12 a 14 0 ordinary dark 70 0 105 0 40 0 .. 97 0 SEED, Canary perqr. 0 0 0 0 40 0 48 9 Arabic, E. L, fine pale picked 24000 95 0 0 85 0 . 95 0 Caraway, English . . per cwt. 0 0 0 0 32 0 <# 81 9 unsorted, to good fine 73 0 88 0 70 0 .. 80 0 German, &c 40 0 44 0 33 0 34 9 red and mixed 65 0 68 0 50 0 .. 70 0 Coriander 18 0 20 0 20 0 23 0 siftings 85 0 45 0 35 0 .. 45 0 East India 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ffurkey, picked, good to fine 190 0 220 0 170 0 .. 215 0 Hemp 44 0 46 0 44 1 46 0 second and inferior. 85 0 160 0 95 0 .. 160 0 Linseed, Black Sea 63 0 C4 0 67 1 0 0 in sorts 70 0 90 0 46 0 .. 70 0 Calcutta 6G 0 87 0 65 0 66 0 Gedda 55 240 o 0 0 52 0 .. 55 0 Bombay CS 6 69 0 67 9 0 9 Baroary, whito 80 0 82 6 85 0 .. 90 0 Egyptian 0 0 0 0 60 0 64 0 brown 85 0 0 0 70 0 .. SO 0 Mustard, brown. .. .per bshl. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 "Australian 70 o 73 0 50 0 .. 56 0 whito 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 Assafcetida, fair to good .... 35 0 95 0 40 0 .. 85 0 Poppy, East India perqr. 60 0 0 0 50 0 0 • Benjamin, 1st quality 360 0 700 0 340 0 .. 900 0 Rape, English 0 0 0 0 2nd 0 0 0 0 0 350 0 210 0 .. 300 0 Danube 47 6 48 0 0 1 0 0 3rd „ 50 _ , 0 240 0 50 0 .. 240 0 Calcutta fine 4S 0 0 0 55 0 58 « Copal, Angola, red fie o 70 0 80 0 .. 90 0 Bombay 60 0 67 0 66 0 67 9 palo o 0 0 0 85 0 .. 95 0 Teel, Scsnoy or Gngy 60 8 64 0 65 0 68 0 Benguela 62 6 75 0 67 6 90 0 Cotton per ton 185 0 190 0 150 0 100 0 Sierra Leone . . por lb. o 4i 0 111 0 4 .. 0 Ground Nut Kernels por ton 360 0 0 0 360 0 370 9 Manilla por cwt. 22 m 0 45 0 26 0 .. 50 0 SOAP, London yel. .. per cwt. 28 0 32 0 23 0 32 0 Dammar, pale per cwt. 67 0 77 Galbanum 6 52 6 .. 60 0 mottled 32 0 36 0 32 0 36 0 0 2 SO 0 200 0 .. 210 0 curd 46 0 50 0 46 0 60 9 Gamboge, picked, pipe 320 0 400 0 400 0 .. 460 0 Castile 40 0 42 0 40 o 42 in sorts 240 0 300 0 280 Guaiacum 0 .. 400 0 Marseilles 40 0 42 0 40 0 42 0 per lb, 0 9 2 6 0 0 no 9 .. 0 Soy, China per gal. 2 9 3 0 3 0 3 3 J£i per cwt. 100 0 150 300 Kowrie 0 0 . 500 0 Japan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 70 0 30 0 Mastic, .. 75 0 Sponge, Turkey, fine picked 12 0 14 0 It 0 18 9 picked per lb. 5 o 6 0 13 0 .. 0 0 fair to good 5 0 11 0 6 0 12 9 Myrrh, gd. ana fine, per cwt. 150 0 ISO 0 130 0 .i 1G0 0 ordinary 1 sorts . . 2 0 4 0 6 4 0 HO o 140 0 70 Olibauum, 0 .. 110 0 Bahama .. 0 8 1 9 0 8 2 8 pale drop 73 0 78 0 70 0 .. 77 6 TURPENTINE, Rough, per ct. 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 amber and yellow 0 59 0 72 0 55 1) mixod and 0 .. 70 Spirits, Fronch 34 0 0 0 44 0 45 0 dark. . 24 0 46 0 23 0 48 0 0 1 .. American, in casks 34 8 0 0 46 6 47 0 "^ 95 0 100 Sandracl 0 87 8 .. 100 0 WAX, Bees, English ISO 0 190 0 "180 0 1S5 0> R5 „ 95 Tragacanth, 0 90 0 . no 0 German ISO 0 190 0 195 0 200 0 leaf 020 n 320 0 200 0 .. 2S0 0 American 160 0 170 0 185 0 190 0 i» sons :;; oir c 8 0 0 200 0 70 0 .. ISO 0 whito fino 0 pert,m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 £ £ £ 5. Jamaica 170 & s 105 0 ISO 0 0 182 6 39 0 46 0 . 62 0 Gambia 175 1S5 175 0 n, body :::::::::: 0 0 0 190 110 0 112 0 122 0 123 0 Mogadon 140 coT! . : 130 0 160 0 0 165 0 0 0 46 0 . 0 0 East India Whale, Greonland ... 100 0 190 0 160 0 190 q jj 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 ditto, South 80a, pale bleached 105 0 205 0 190 0 210 0 . . , 40 0 0 0 4G 0 48 East India Fish .. 0 vegetable, Japan 54 0 96 0 86 0 88 c 30 0 0 0 Olive, Calipoll 35 0 .. 87 0 WOOL), 13 vk, pur tou j,0 r tou 02 0 0 0 69 0 .. 0 0 Fustic, Cuba 160 0 175 0 150 0 170 ( n. d. s. d. 0. Florenco, d. Jamaica 140 0 160 0 100 0 105 < half-chest .. 0 n Cocrauut, 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 Savanilla 120 0 130 120 Cochin ..per cwt. 0 0 130 (I 55 0 57 0 63 0 0 0 Zanto ey n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 }" 49 0 J 2 0 0 44 0 .. 0 0 Logwood, Canlpeachy 105 0 170 165 oydnoy 43 „ 0 0 ISO 40 0 40 0 .. 49 0 Ground Nut an Gin nondiu-as . . 105 0 110 0 100 0 106 Bonibft St. Domingo 85 0 90 0 90 0 96 y 00 0 0 0 60 0 .. 0 0 Jamaica ... SO 0 0 0 0 96 * *