Records of Cetaceans in Thailand

Phuket mar biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 61: 39-63 (1996)

RECORDS OF CETACEANS IN THAILAND

By Supot Chantrapornsyl, Kanjana Adulyanukosol Kongkiat Kittiwathanawong Phuket Marine Biological Center; PO.Box 60, Phuket 83000, Thailand

ABSTRACT

So far, very little research on cetaceans in Thailand has been conducted. Informations on cetaceans has often been incorrect and many records have been misidentified. Therefore, an extensive study on dolphins and whales have been conducted at PMBC since 1993. Interview surveys and examination of stranded animals and by-catch specimens were carried out along the coastline of Thailand. A total of 20 species, belonging to 6 families of Cetacea, were recorded. Two species belonging to the family Balaenopteridae, one to the Physeteridae, two to the Kogiidae, one to the Ziphiidae, 13 to the Delphinidae, and one to the Phocoenidae were identified. Biological studies have been carried out on the stranded and bycatch specimens, and the skeletons of the specimens have been deposited in the PMBC collection for further study.

INTRODUCTION (1991) provided information on the first Thai record of Kogia simus from Phuket Island and In the past, studies on the whales, dolphins, Chantrapornsyl (1996) reported the first record and porpoises of Thailand and adjacent waters had of the pygmy killer whale of Thailand. been limited. Suvatti (1950) and Menasveta(l980) only listed three cetacean species for Thailand Since the establishment of SCIGTAS (Small whilst Pilleri and Gihr (1974) reported on seven Cetaceans in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman species. Lekagul and McNeely (1977) overlooking Sea) cooperative research project in 1991, with the work of Pilleri and Gihr (1974), reported on the assistance of Mr. Michael Andersen and Dr. 12 species, only 10 of which are considered valid. Carl C. Kinze, from Denmark, training in basic Two species listed by these authors, the sei whale mammalogy and a workshop on small cetaceans (Balaenoptera borealis) and the minke whale have been provided to Thai scientists. Research (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), were included on cetaceans of Thailand has thus been based on materials belonging to yet a third species; implemented. This particular research project has the Bryde's or Sittang whale (Balaenoptera edeni). been publicized in order to get supports and This was confirmed by Andersen and Kinze information on cetaceans. Interview surveys have (1995). Yenbutra (1988), following Lekagul and been conducted by the SCIGTAS programme. McNeely (1977) only changed the name of the Andersen and Kinze (1995) reported on 18 species "Malayan dolphin" from Stenella malayana to of cetaceans that were found in Thai waters. Stenella attenuata (the pantropical spotted dolphin). Miyazaki (1 986) presented information This report provides information on 20 on specimens of S. attenuata and S. longirostris species of cetaceans which are founcl in Thai from the Gulf of Thailand, and Perrin et al. (1989) waters. All provided information is mainly based described a dwarf form of the spinner dolphin on stranded specimens and sighting of animals, from the Gulf of Thailand. Chantrapornsyl et al. including old specimens prior to October 1996. Phuket ma,: biol. Cent. Res. Bull.

MATERIALS AND METHODS In the past, cetacean specimens were buried in sand for several months to allow decomposition Interview surveys were carried out with of soft tissue and collection of bones. However, fishermen and villagers along the coastline of when the bones were recovered, many small Thailand. The purpose of such interview was to bones were often missing or decayed. As a result, publicize the cetaceans research project and to many specimens were lost or incompletely collect information on local cetacean species. We collected. also visited museums, temples and private Recently, the skeletons were collected by collections in order to study old collections of the removal of as much flesh as possible and cetacean skeletons. cleaning with water before placing in a 5% H202 solution. Measurements of skeletons and counts As for the stranded animals, identification were conducted with regards to bone (Perrin, was established on external characteristics and 1975; Yoshida et al., 1994). Many skeletal colour pattern. The specimens were measured, specimens were deposited in the PMBC photographed, and dissected for inspection of the collection, and PMBC collection numbers were internal organs. Measurements were made in a given. straight line from point to point, body girths were measured with a cloth tape. The measurements RESULTS AND DISCUSSION were selected according to Law (1994) and Van Waerebeek (1993). A piece of muscle tissue from The cetaceans known from Thailand are each specimen was collected and kept in DMSOI shown in Table 1. Twenty species belonging to saturated salt solution for further DNA analysis. six families have so far been recorded for

Table 1. Dolphins and whales found in Thai waters. -- Family Common name Scientific name

1. Balaenopteridae 1. Fin whale Balaenopteraphysarus 2. Bryde's whale Balaenoptera edeni 2. Physeteridae 3. Sperm whale Physeter macrocepharus 3. Kogiidae 4. Pigmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps 5. Dwarf sperm whale Kogia s im us 4. Ziphiidae 6. Beaked whale Mesoplodon sp. 5. Delphinidae 7. Killer whale Orcinus orca 8. False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens 9. Pygmy killer whale Feresa attenuata 10. Short-fined pilot whale Globicephala macrorhynchus 1 1. Melon-headed whale Peponocephala electra 12. Hump-backed dolphin Sousa chinensis 13. Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops aduncus 14. Rough-toothed dolphin Steno bredanensis 15. Long-beaked Common dolphin Delphinus capensis 16. Spinner dolphin Stenella longirostris 17. Striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba 18. Pantropical spotted dolphin Stenella attenuata 19. lrrawaddy dolphin Orcaella brevirostris 6. Phocoenidae 20. Finless porpoise Neophocaenaphocaenoides 4 1 Records of Cetaceans in Thailand

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S~lratThani ,Sirnilan I$ *. 3.6 13.5+ Phangnga i

Figure 1. Locations for records of dolphins and whales of Thailand. Numbers indicated species (as documented in Table 1) and the number of individuals of that species recorded. Insert shows the location of the map within Thailand. 42 Phuket mar biof. Cent. Res. Bull.

Figure 2. Balaenoptera edeni from Thailand: a) sighting at Racha Island, b) stranded specimen at Para Bay, Phuket, c) and d) the new-born specimen fiom Prachuap Khiri Khan Province.

Thailand. The locations of the occurrence are the Andaman sea coast. The specimens those shown in Figure 1. are kept at PMBC were given collection numbers as following. FAMILY BALAENOPTERIDAE Species 1. Balaenoptera physalus Linnaeus, 2.1 PMBC1162 1 : The specimen of Sittang 1758 (Fin whale): whale, 676 cm long, was found stranded at Sapum Bay , Phuket in September 1983. Only one record of an old skeleton is known. Sex is not known and no measurements were It was recovered in Chachoengsao Province, 11 taken. August 1995. As it has been buried under ground 2.2 PMBC11641: The specimen of 1400 cm for quite a period of time, some pieces of bone long, was found stranded at Sukorn Island, fragments have already became fossilized. The Trang province on 30 June 1994. Sex is not skull is 5 m long. The whole skeleton is under known and no measurements were taken preparation and will be kept at Wijittrathani vil- because it had already decomposed. The lage, Chachoengsao Province. skeleton and a photograph are kept at PMBC. Species 2. Balaenoptera edeni Anderson, 1878 2.3 PMBC11624: The specimen of B.edeni, (Bryde's whale): 1300 cm long, was found stranded at Natai beach, Phangnga Province on 19 July 1994. Distribution: This species is found in the Gulf The specimen was decomposing when of Thailand as well as along the Andaman Sea found. The skeleton is at PMBC. coastline. Andersen (1994) listed 32 skeletal 2.4 PMBC 11630: A male specimen, 10 m long, records, discussed the small form of B. edeni in was found stranded at Para Bay, Phuket Thai waters, and mentioned the common name on 12 June 1997 (Fig. 2b). The specimen as "Sittang whale", which they apply to the Thai was dissected. Some measurements are population instead of "Bryde's whale". Five new given in Table 2. stranded specimens and one sighting occurred in 2.5 End055: On 28 March 1996, a new-born Records of Cetaceans in Thailand

Table 2. Selected measurements of B. edeni, PMBCI 1630, End055 and End065 (TL=total lenght).

PMBC 11630 End055 End065

Total length 1000.00 Snout to anus Snout to genital slit Snout to umbilicus Snout to ant. base of dorsal fin 680.00 Snout to blowhole 180.00 Snout to angle of mouth Snout to eye Snout to ear Snout to ant. base of flipper Basal length of dorsal fin 49.00 Height of dorsal fin Body girth at post. of flipper Body girth at ant. base of dorsal fin - Body girth at anus Breadth of head at eye Breadth of fluke 250.00 Length of flipper at ant. 162.00 Greatest breadth of flipper 29.00 Number of throat groove Number of baleen plate

Table 3. Weight of selected internal organs of two new-born B. edeni from the Gulf of Thailand (TW=total weight).

Male Female Organs Weight (kg) %TW Weight (kg) %TW

Total weight Weight of heart Weight of left lung Weight of right lung Weight of liver Weight of left kidney Weight of right kidney Weight of testis+penis Weight of gonad Weight of stomach Phuket mar: biol. Cent. Res. Bull.

male B. edeni 337.5 cm long and 250 kg in weight was found stranded at Klongwan, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. The specimen was dissected, and the skeleton is kept at the Prachuap Khiri Khan Coastal Aquaculture Development Center. Selected measurements are given in Table 2. 2.6 End065: On 29 October 1996, a new-born B. edeni stranded at Ban-Pae, Rayong Province. It was a 320 cm long female (Figs.2~-d).The specimen was transported to PMBC, external measurements and dissection of internal organs were made. The details are shown in Table 2 and 3. Figure 3. The new-born Physeter macrocephalus 2.7 On September 1994 a sighting of a whale from Phuket Island. was reported from Racha Island, south of Phuket Island. The length was approximately was exhibited at the Phuket Marine Fisheries 7 m. Photographs are at PMBC (Fig. 2a). Station. Details were reported in Pilleri and Gihr (1974). Now only the skull remains. Internal anatomy: Only the specimens End055 3.2 The second record was in 1987, a lower and End065 were dissected. Neither food remains jaw of a female sperm whale was found at nor parasite were present in the stomach. Weights Phuket fish harbour. of selected internal organs are shown in Table 3. 3.3 PMBC 11636: The third, from Phangnga Province, a skull of 110 cm in width, Life history: Information on B. edeni from collected from Kao Pilai Beach. Date of Thailand is very limited, because dissection of collection, sex and size were not recorded. specimens has not been carried out before. Most 3.4 PMBC 1 16 19: Skeleton of a neonate female of the specimens were badly decomposed and of 300 cm long from Cherng Tale Beach, could not be measured. Only a few descriptions Phuket Island was collected on 7 June 1993 of the skeleton of this species have been reported. (Fig. 3). Selected measurements are given Pilleri and Gihr (1974) reported on the skeleton in Table 4. of B. edeni from Bangkok museum. Jefferson et 3.5 Another neonate was a 353 cm female from al. (1993) gave the length at birth of B. edeni as Bu Boi Island, Satun Province, collected on 4 meters. Specimen End055 and End 065 were 15 December 1993. It was preserved in 3.375 m and 3.20 m long respectively. Bones are formalin and is currently at Prince of smaller than the previously recorded lengths. Songkhla University, Songkhla Province. 3.6 The sixth record was a 700 cm long juvenile FAMILY PHYSETERIDAE from Similan Island collected on 1 December Species 3. Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1994, The skeleton is kept at Similan 1758 (Sperm whale): National Park, Similan Island.

This species was recorded only from the External measurements have been taken only Andaman Sea (6 specimens). on the new-born 300 cm long whale (PMBC 116 19, Table 4). According to Jefferson et al. (1993) and 3.1 PMBCl1635: The oldest record from Phuket Carwardine (1995) the size at birth is usually 3.5- Island was in 1973; an 11 m long skeleton 4.5 m. Therefore, this specimen was smaller. Records of Cetaceans in Thailand

Table 4. Selected measurements of a new-born FAMILY KOGIIDAE Physeter macrocephalus (PMBC 1 1619) from Species 4. Kogia breviceps de Blainville, 1838 Phuket Island. (Pygmy sperm whale)

PMBC11619 an %TL Two stranded specimens were found on the Andaman Sea coast: Total length (TL) Snout to anus 4.1 PMBC11622: A 252 cm long male stranded Snout to genital slit at Cherng Tale Beach, Phuket Island on 12 Snout to umbilicus February 1994. The specimen was dissected. Snout to ant. base of dorsal fin Body measurements are shown in Table 5. Snout to blowhole 4.2 PMBC11637: A 276 cm long female whale Snout to angle of mouth stranded at Thaimuang Beach, Phangnga Snout to eye Province on 14 October 1995(Fig. 4). Snout to ant. base of flipper Basal length of dorsal fin Measurements are given in Table 5. Height of dorsal fin Body girth at post. of flipper Stomach contents: Only a few squid beaks Body girth at ant. base of dorsal fin (unidentified) was found in the stomach. Caldwel Body girth at anus and Caldwel (1989) confirmed that squids are a Breadth of head at eye relatively common prey item of Kogia breviceps. Breadth of fluke Length of flipper at ant. Parasites: The stomach and intestines content Greatest breadth of flipper of specimen PMBC 11622 contained many nematodes. Many cysts were found in the muscle

Table 5. Selected measurements of two pygmy sperm whales, K. breviceps from Thailand.

Total length (TL) Snout to anus Snout to genital slit Snout to umbilicus Snout to ant. base of dorsal fin Snout to blowhole Snout to angle of mouth Snout to eye Snout to ear Snout to ant. base of flipper Height of dorsal fin ~odygirth at post. of flipper Body girth at ant. base of dorsal fin Body girth at anus Breadth of head at eye Breadth of fluke Length of flipper at ant. Greatest breadth of flipper Number of teeth: upper leftlright (ULIUR) lower leftfright (LLLR) 46 Phuket mar biol. Cent. Res. Bull.

Figure 4. Kogia breviceps from Thaimuang Beach, Phangnga Province.

Figure 5. Kogia simzis from Patong Beach, Phuket Island

Figure 6. Mesoplodon sp. from Patong Beach, Phuket Island

Species 5. Kogia sirnus Owen, 1866 (Dwarf near the genital opening. There were also many sperm whale): large worms of more than 100 cm long and 0.5 cm in diameter between the blubber and the muscle One of the rare species in this area, the dorsally. This may have been the cause of first and only record was from the Andaman stranding. Only a few nematodes were found in Sea near Phuket, Thailand. the stomach of specimen PMBC11637. We are unable to identify those parasites. They were 5.1 PMBC11615: A male, 227cm long stranded preserved in 10% formalin. at Patong Beach, Phuket Island on 22 July Records of Cetaceans in Thailand

Table 6. Selected measurements of the 1987 (Fig.5). Twelve small, pointed, and Mesoplodon sp. from Thailand. curved teeth were present in the lower jaws; there were no teeth in the upperjaws. Details of this specimen are featured in Phuket Chantrapornsyl et al. ( 199 1 ).

FAMILY ZIPHIIDAE Total length (TL) Beaked whales: There are 19 species currently Snout to anus recognised worldwide. Sightings has never been Snout to genital slit recorded in Thai water before. We report the first Snout to umbilicus record of Mesoplodon sp. found in Thai water. Snout to ant. base of dorsal fin Species 6. Mesoplodon sp. Snout to blowhole Snout to angle of mouth 6.1 A stranded animal at Patong beach Phuket Snout to eye Island on 7 June 1988 was reported. It was a Snout to ant. base of flipper 208 cm long female (Fig. 6). Measurements are Height of dorsal fin given in Table 6. Length of flipper at ant. Unfortunately, collection ofthe specimen for scientific purposes was not possible. Subsequent inquiries revealed that the specimen was lost; only Table 7. Selected measurements of P crassidens a few photographs remain at PMBC. (PMBC 11626). FAMILY DELPHINTDAE Thirteen species belonging to this family PMBC 11626 c ln % TL have been recorded from Thailand. Species 7. Orcinus orca Linnaeus, 1758 (Killer Total length (TL) whale): Snout to anus Snout to genital slit This species is known only from sightings Snout to umbilicus in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea; no Snout to ant. base of dorsal fin specimens are available. Snout to blowhole Snout to angle of mouth 7.1 About 30 animals were seen swimming close Snout to eye to a tourist boat on 25 March 1993 at Similan Snout to ant. base of flipper Island, Phangnga Province. The sighting was Basal length of dorsal fin reported by a group of tourists. A copy of a Height of dorsal fin photograph is at PMBC. Breadth of fluke 7.2 A second sighting was reported from Tao Length of flipper at ant. Island, Surat Thani Province in 1995, also Greatest breadth of flipper by a tourist. Number of teeth 7.3 The third sighting was recorded from upper leftlright Maithon Island, Phuket Province on 19 lower IeWright September 1994. Four animals were reported by tourists. A copy of a video cassette recording is at PMBC. Phuket maK biol. Cent. Res. Bull.

la tourist boat. Photographs and details were reported in Kiatkarnjanakul (1994). 8.5 In September 1995, a female, 500 cm long, P crassidens was found stranded at Ban .-a Pak khlong, Krabi Province in the Andaman Sea (Fig. 7). The skeleton is collected and saved at a school in the village.

Species 9. Feresa attenuata Gray, 1875 (Pygmy killer whale):

A single new record from Trang Province, in the Andaman Sea was reported by Chantrapornsyl (1 996):

A female pygmy killer whale, 200 cm long, Figure 7. Pseudorca crassidens from Krabi Province. weighing 70.2 kg was found stranded at Chao Mai Beach, Trang Province, on 1 April 1996. Species 8. Pseudorcn crnssidens Owen, 1846 The specimen was physically mature; none of (False killer whale): the vertebra epiphyses were fused to the centra. The vertebral formula was C7 + Dl3 + L16 + This species occurs both in the Gulf of Ca33 = 69, with 23 chevron bones. Body Thailand and in the Andaman Sea. There are measurements, skull measurements and organ five records from Thailand. weights were provided by Chantrapornsyl(1996).

8.1 A specimen from Bang Saphan Noi, Species 10. Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Gulf of 1846 (Short-finned pilot whale): Thailand is a male, 357 cm in length and 520 kg in weight. The animal was stuffed Only a single live-stranding of this species and kept at the Prachaup Khiri Khan Coastal was recorded at Naratat Beach, Narathiwat Aquaculture Development Center since Province on 23 October 1993. A female of 360 February 1992, but now has been lost cm in length was found on the beach. The (Andersen and Kinze, 1995). Provincial Fisheries officers and the villagers 8.2 On 7 July 1994, a 420 cm long female P helped return it to the sea. No further crassidens stranded at Laem Ngop, Trat measurements were taken of this specimen. A Province, Gulf of Thailand was found. The few photographs are kept on file at PMBC. specimen was transported to the Eastern Marine Fisheries Development Center. Species 11. Peponocephaia eiectra Gray, 1846 8.3 PMBC 1 1626: A stranded female, 346 cm (Melon-headed whale): long, P. crassidens was found at Karnjanadit, Surat Thani Province, Gulf of The only record ofthis species was provided Thailand on 24 August 1994. Selected by Pilleri and Gihr (1974) from Songkhla; a 273 measurements are given in Table 7. cm long male stranded in 1973. Measurements 8.4 On 26 December 1994, there was a sighting of the specimen were: tip of snout to flipper 48 of P crassidens off the Similan Islands, in cm (20.3%TL), length of flipper 34 cm the Andaman Sea. Approximately of 50 (14.4%TL), width of flipper 12 cm (5.1%TL), individuals were seen swimming around tip of snout to dorsal fin 96 cm (40.5%TL), height Records of Cetaceans in Thailand

Table 8. Selected measurements of Sousa chinensis from Chon Buri Province compared with data from humpbacked dolphins from other areas. Data from Ross et al. (1994)

Measurements This study West South N. Indian S. China1 Africa Africa Ocean Australia cm %TL %TL %TL %TL %TL

Total length (TL) 24 1.O Total weight (kg) (240.0) Snout to anus 174.0 Snout to genital slit 136.0 Snout to umbilicus 113.0 Snout to ant. base of dorsal fin 98.5 Snout to blowhole 38.0 Snout to angle of mouth 35.5 Snout to eye 40.0 Snout to ant. base of flipper 61.0 Basal length of dorsal fin 62.0 Height of dorsal fin 15.5 Body girth at post. of flipper 115.5 Body girth at ant. base of dorsal fin 136.5 Body girth at anus 83.0 Breadth of head at eye 37.5 Length of flipper at ant. 25.0 Greatest breadth of flipper 12.0

* The measurement was taken from snout to tip of dorsal fin; as our measurement ended at the base of dorsal fin, it was different.

Table 9. Organ weights of Sousa chinensis (male) of dorsal fin 20 cm (8.4%TL), width of fluke 46 from Chon Buri Province, Gulf of Thailand (this cm (19.4%TL), tip of snout to eye 30 cm study). (12.7%TL), tip of snout to blowhole 32 cm (13.5%TL), and tooth count UL/UR=23123; LLI LR=24/24. The specimen was once at the Organs Weight (g) % TW Songkhla Fisheries Station. lnquiries in 1993 led to the conclusion that the specimen has been lost. Total weight (TW) Photographs of the stuffed specimen are Weight of heart published in Pilleri and Gihr (1974). Weight of left lung Weight of right lung Species 12. Sousa chinensis Osbeck, 1765 Weight of liver (Pacific humpbacked dolphin): Weight of left kidney Weight of right kidney This species was reported all along the Gulf Weight of spleen of Thailand and the Andaman Sea coast and was Weight of left testis sighted on several occasions. Most old recorded Weight of right testis specimens were obtained from the Gulf of Thailand. Weight of stomach Pilleri and Gihr (1974) described this species in 50 Phuket mar: biol. Cent. Res. Bull.

Figure 8. Feresa attenuata from Chaomai Beach, Trang Province.

Figure 9. Sousa chinensis skeleton from Ao Luok, Krabi Province.

Thailand as Sousa plumbea. Four to five live Species 13. Tursiops aduncus Rhrenberg, humpbacked dolphins are being kept at the Lam- 1832 (Bottlenose dolphin): Sing Oasis Dolphinarium, Chanthaburi Province. This is a common species found all along 12.1 A specimen was stranded at Lam Chabung, the Andaman Sea and Gulf of Thailand's coastlines. Chon Buri Province on 28 September 1993. There are 26 known records (Andersen and Kinze, It was a 241 cm long male,with tooth formula 1995). Sightings were recorded along the Andaman UUUR=39/38, LL/LR=36/37. Measurements Sea. were taken and a dissection carried out at the First Workshop on Small Cetaceans of 13.1 Specimen of 202 cm long, irnknown sex, was Thailand held at Burapha University. Details caught by purse seine at Phuket in 1980. The are listed in Tables 8 and 9. skeleton was lost. 12.2 One skeleton was collected from the 13.2 EMDECOl : A female, 191.5 cm in length Andaman Sea at Ao Luok Bay, Krabi stranded at Ban Pae Beach, Rayong Province Province, on 24 August 1994 (Fig. 9). The on 15 July 1993. The specimen was dissected; skeleton was kept at a private house in the measurements and weighs of organs are given village. It was of a juvenile, the skull was in Tables 9 and 10. The skeleton is kept at 47cm long, 18cm wide, and tooth counts Burapha University, Bangsan, Chon Buri were UP34, UL34, LL34 and LR34. Province. 5 1 Records of Cetaceans in Thailand

Figures 10a-c. Tursiops aduncus a) from Nakhon Sri Tharnrnarat Province, foetus b), and c) a sighting at Kai-nok Island, Phangnga Province.

Table 10. Selected body measurements of bottlenose dolphins, 7: aduncus from Thai waters.

Measurements EMDECO I (F) End l7(F) PMBCI 1627(F) PMBC 1 1639(M) End054(F)

Total length (TL) 191.5 - 217.0 - 215.0 Total weight (kg) - (130.0) - (100.0) Snout to anus 137.0 71.54 164.0 75.58 162.0 Snout to genital slit 132.5 69.19 158.0 72.81 152.0 Snout to umbilicus 93.0 48.56 - - 104.5 Snout to ant. base of dorsal fin 89.5 46.74 102.0 47.01 100.0 Snout to blowhole 33.5 17.49 35.0 16.13 34.5 Snout to melon 14.0 7.31 14.0 6.54 14.0 Snout to angle of mouth 28.0 14.62 29.0 13.36 28.5 Snout to eye 33.0 17.23 35.5 16.36 34.0 Snout to ant. base of flipper 48.5 25.33 51.0 23.50 52.0 Basal length of dorsal fin 33.5 17.49 43.0 19.82 38.3 Height of dorsal fin 18.0 9.40 20.5 9.45 23.5 Body girth at post. of flipper 97.0 50.65 - - 100.0 Body girth at ant. base of dorsal fin 109.5 57.18 - - 113.2 Body girth at anus 53.0 27.68 - - 60.0 Breadth of head at eye (curve length) 30.5 15.93 24.0 11.06 26.0 Breadth of fluke 50.0 26.1 1 52.0 23.96 59.0 Length of flipper at ant. 36.0 18.80 35.0 16.13 37.5 Greatest breadth of flipper 13.0 6.89 13.0 5.99 14.3 Phuket mar biol. Cent. Res. Bull.

Table 11. Organ weights of three bottlenose dolphins, i? aduncus.

Weighting EMDECO 1 PMBC 11627 PMBCl1939

Total weight (TW) Weight of heart Weight of left lung Weight of right lung Weight of liver Weight of left kidney Weight of right kidney Weight of foetus Length of foetus (cm)

13.3 A female bottlenose dolphin, 217cm in fed with sardines for two days, and was length and 130 kg in weight, was stranded finally strong enough to be returned to the at Chaomai Beach, Trang Province in 1992 sea. Measurements are in Table 10 . (date not known). The specimen was stuffed 13.7 A sighting of a pod of about 15 bottlenose and kept at Chaomai National Park. External dolphins was recorded at about 1 km south measurements are shown in Table 10. The of Maiton Island, Phuket on 24 March 1995. specimen was recorded as field number 13.8 A sighting of four bottlenose dolphins was Endl7. reported off Khai-nok Island, Phangnga 13.4 PMBC 11627(adult) and PMBC 11628(foetus): Province on 16 June 1994. They seemed to A female, 215 cm long, weighing 100 kg, be following a boat. (Fig. 1Oc). stranded at Srabao Beach, Thasala District, Nakhon Sri Thammarat Province on 24 March Internal organs: Three specimens were dissected 1995. The specimen was pregnant, containing (EMDECO 1, PMBC 1 1627, PMBC 1 1639); the a 36 cm, 646 g foetus. (Fig.lOa- b). External weights of internal organs are shown in Table 11. measurements and weights of intemal organs Specimen EMDECO 1 was immature. Number are in Tables 10 and 11. of teeth were UL24, UR24, LL25 and LR25. 13.5 PMBC 1 1639: A male, 209 cm long, weighing No parasite was found. No food was present 93 kg was captured by a trawling boat off in the stomach. Phangnga Province on 11 December 1995. 8 Specimen PMBC11627 contained a 36 cm, The specimen was transported to PMBC. 646 g female foetus. Measurements ofthe foe- Measurement and dissection were conducted. tus were: snout to anus 26.6 cm, snout to Details are given in Tables 10 and 11. genital slit 25.4 cm, snout to umbilicus 19.5 13.6 End054: A live-stranding of three specimens cm, snout to melon 2.4 cm, snout to blow- occurred at Sichol Bay, Nakhon Sri hole 4.83 cm, snout to eye 6.95 cm, snout to Thammarat Province on 12 September angle of mouth 5.2 cm, snout to anterior of 1995. Two stronger animals returned to the flipper 10.28 cm, body girth at posterior of sea and the weaker dolphin remained flipper 20 cm, body girth at anterior base of stranded. It was 200 cm long female, dorsal fin 19 cm, length of flipper from ante- weighing 90 kg. The villagers transported rior insertion to end 6.4 cm, breadth of fluke the animal to the Coastal Aquaculture 7.12 cm. Station. It was kept in a cement tank and Records of Cetaceans in Thailand

Figures lla-b. Steno bredanensis: _a_) from NakJhon Sri Thammarat, b) the specimen from Satun Province. (b)

Specimen PMBC11639 was caught by a 14.2 PMBC11629: The second specimen was a trawling boat. A few of nematodes were 222 cm long, mature male caught in gill nets found in the stomach (not identified). Vari- at Pakphanung Bay, Nakhon Sri Thamarat ous food items, 550 g in weight, were present Province, in the Gulf of Thailand. It was in the stomach, including: 15 Octopus sp., 1 caught in shallow water (Fig. 1 la). Two Sepioteuthis sp., 2 Nemipterus sp., 2 animals were caught together; one was Monacanthus sp., 1 Synodus sp., 1 female and was still alive, so it was returned Dactyloptena sp., and 10 pieces of fish to the sea. The dead animal was dissected. bones. No food was found in the stomach. Many The prey which the bottlenose dolphin had nematode worms were found in the stomach eaten were all benthic animals. Benthic animals and intestine. were primary prey of bottlenose dolphins. 14.3 PMBC11633: The third specimen was a 2 17 cm long female stranded at Pakbara Bay, Species 14. Steno bredanensis Lessen, 1828 Satun Province, Andaman Sea, on 24 April (Rough-tooted dolphin): 1995. Three animals were stranded together in shallow water. Two were alive and returned This species has not been previously to the sea. The dead specimen was transferred recorded from Thailand. There were three to the PMBC, where measurements and specimens. dissection were conducted (Fig. 11 b). 14.1 PMBC11620: The first Thai record was Measurements are given in Table 12. Organ from Phuket Island where a 220 cm long weights are listed in Table 13. female was found stranded at Chalong Bay on 30 August 1993. It was a mature female. Species 15. De[phinus capensis Gray, 1828 Evidence of sickness included emaciation (Longbeaked common dolphin): and loss of balance. The left side of the belly was swollen, thus the animal was swinming There is only a single sighting record of a on its right side. Unfortunately, the dolphin pod of 40-50 individuals from Samui Island, Surat died a few hours later. The specimen was Thani Province on 22 January 1973. They were dissected. Some nematodes were found in identified as longbeaked common dolphins based the stomach, but no food contents were on their extremely long beaks. Colour slides of present. the sighting are kept at the Zoological Museum Phuket mar biol. Cent. Res. Bull.

Table 12. Selected measurements of Steno bredanensis from Thailand.

Measurements PMBC 11620 PMBC 11629 PMBC11633

Total length (TL) 220.0 Total weight (kg) (80.0) Snout to anus 166.0 75.45 Snout to genital slit 148.0 67.27 Snout to umbilicus 108.0 49.09 Snout to ant. base of dorsal fin 107.0 48.64 Snout to blowhole 43.0 19.55 Snout to angle of mouth 37.0 16.82 Snout to eye 42.0 19.10 Snout to ant. base of flipper 56.0 25.45 Basal length of dorsal fin 42.0 19.10 Height of dorsal fin 21.0 9.55 Body girth at post. of flipper 92.5 42.05 Body girth at ant. base of dorsal fin 93.5 42.50 Body girth at anus 45.5 20.68 Breadth of head at eye 21.0 9.55 Breadth of fluke 55.0 25.00 Length of flipper at ant. 35.0 15.9 1 Greatest breadth of flipper 15.5 7.05 Number of teeth: upper IeWright 23/24 - lower lewright 24/25

Table 13. Organ weights of Steno bredanensis from Nakhon Sri Thammarat (PMBC11629), Gulf of Thailand and from Satun Province, the Andaman Sea (PMBC11633), compared to specimens from the coast of Japan, (Miyazaki and Perrin, 1994).

Organs PMBC 11629 (Male) PMBC 11633 (Female) Coast of Japan Weight (g) % TW Weight (g) % TW Range %TW

Total weight (TW) 107,000 100.00 86,000 100.00 112.4- 154.7 Weight of heart 550 0.51 600 0.70 605.0-1,080.0 0.5-0.8 Weight of left lung 900 0.84 1,200 1.40 1,640.0-3,934.0* 1.1-2.8* Weight of right lung 1,200 1.12 1,300 1.51 Weight of liver 1,450 1.36 2,200 2.56 1,720.0-3,432.0 1.2-2.6 Weight of left kidney 400 0.37 550 0.64 489.0- 826.0 0.3-0.6 Weight of right kidney 350 0.33 400 0.47 500.0- 830.0 0.3-0.6 Weight of left testis 700 0.65 Weight of right testis 600 0.56 Weight of stomach 1,400 1.63

* including left and right lung. Records of Cetaceans in Thailand

Table 14. Body measurements of spinner dolphin, S. longirostris from the Andaman Sea, Thailand (PMBC 1 16 18 and PMBC 1 1638) compared to data from Perrin and Gilpatrick (1 994).

Measurements PMBC 1 16 18 (Male) PMBC 11638 (Female) Perrin and Gilpatrick( 1994) c m % TL c m % TL range (cm)

Total length (TL) Total weight (kg) Snout to anus Snout to genital slit Snout to umbilicus Snout to ant. base of dorsal fin Snout to blowhole Snout to melon Snout to angle of mouth Snout to eye Snout to ant. base of flipper Basal length of dorsal fin Height of dorsal fin Body girth at post. Base of flipper Body girth at ant. base of dorsal fin Body girth at anus Breadth of head at eye (curve length) Breadth of fluke Length of flipper at ant. Greatest breadth of flipper Number of teeth upper leftlright lower IeWright * The measurement was taken from snout to tip of dorsal fin. Table 15. Selected organ weights of the spinner University of Copenhagen (ZMUC) (Andersen dolphin, S. longirostris PMBC11638. and Kinze, 1995). No record has been reported from the Andaman Sea. Organs PMBC11638 Species 16. Stenefla longirostris Gray, 1828 g % TW (Spinner dolphin):

Total weight (TW) A dwarf form occurs in the Gulf of Thailand. Weight of heart A total of 10 specimens were described by Perrin Weight of left lung et al. (1 989). A full review of 24 specimens from Weight of right lung Thailand had been reported by Andersen and Weight of liver Kinze (1995). Specific locations are Chumphon Weight of left kidney Province and Samet lsland in Rayong Province, Weight of right kidney Gulf of Thailand. Three specimens have been Weight of empty stomach recorded from the Andaman Sea: 56 Phuket mar biol. Cent. Res. Bull.

Figures 12a-b. Sfenella longirostris: a) specimen from Phuket Island, b) sighting off Similan Island, Phangnga Province.

-- b T. \ -.1 4 ..1

Figure 13. Stenella coeruleoalba specimen from Lam Sak, Krabi Province.

16.1 A live, unknown sex, 150 cm long, immature Body measurement and weighs of organs spinner dolphin was found at Patong Beach, are shown in Tables 14 and 15. Phuket on 19 May 1993. It was successfully 16.4 A sighting of an estimated number of 7 returned to the sea. spinner dolphins was recorded off Similan 16.2 PMBCI 1618: A male of 167 cm long and Island in March 1996 (Fig.12b). 33.5 kg in weight, was stranded on Lamsing Beach, Phuket Island on 26 May 1993. The The internal organs of specimen specimen was transported to PMBC. PMBCI 1638 were examined. No food remained Measurements are shown in Table 14. in the stomach. Only few nematode cysts were 16.3 PMBCI 1638: A female of 188 cm long and found in the blubber dorsally near the tail. Weight 47 kg in weight was found stranded at of organs is shown in Table 15. Bangthao Beach, Phuket Island on 13 November 1995. The villagers attempted to Life history: Perrin et al. (1989) described the return it to the sea. The next morning it was spinner dolphins from the Gulf of Thailand as found dead and washed up on the shore. processing a dwarf form. The smallest mature The specimen was transferred to the PMBC. males were 136 cm long, and the smallest mature 57 Records of Cetaceans in Thailand

Figures 14a-b. a) Stenella attenuata from Krabi Province b) stomach contents, containing mainly squids. Table 16. Selected measurements of two striped dolphins, S. coeruleoalba, from Thailand and measurements of adult striped dolphins from Perrin et al. (1994).

Measurements PMBC 116 17 PMBC 11623 Perrin et al. (1 994) cm %TL cm % TL Range (cm)

Total length (TL) Total weight (kg) Snout to anus Snout to genital slit Snout to umbilicus Snout to ant. base of dorsal fin Snout to blowhole Snout to angle of mouth Snout to melon Snout to eye Snout to ant. base of flipper Basal length of dorsal fin Height of dorsal fin Body girth at post. Base of flipper Body girth at ant. base of dorsal fin Body girth at anus Breadth of head at eye Breadth of fluke Length of flipper at ant. Greatest breadth of flipper Number of teeth upper leftlright lower lewright

-- - * The measurement was taken from snout to tip of dorsal fin. females were 129 cm long, approximately 40 cm skull and postcranial skeleton of Thailand's shorter than those in other populations. The length spinner dolphins were described by Perrin et al. at birth is estimated to be around 60 cm. The (1989). The tooth formula, based on 19 specimens, Phuket mar: biol. Cent. Res. Bull.

Table 17. Selected body measurements of two spotted dolphins, S. attenuata.

Measurements PMBC 1163 1 (Female) PMBC 1 1632 (Female)

Table 18. Organ weight of pantropical spotted dolphins, S. attenuata.

Organs PMBC 11 63 1 PMBC11632

Total weight (TW) 54,000 Weight of heart 250 Weight of left lung 730 Weight of right lung 620 Weight of liver 1200 Weight of left kidney 330 Weight of right kidney 330 Weight of pancreas 100 Weight of empty stomach 1400 Records of Cetaceans in Thailand

Table 19. Selected body measurements of the irrawaddy dolphin, Orcaella brevirostris, from Surat Thani Province, compared to one specimen from Songkhla and two from Pattani, Gulf of Thailand (from Pilleri and Gihr, 1974).

This study --Pilleri and Gihr (1974) Measurements PMBC 11625( Female) Songkhla Pattani (Male) Pattani (Male)

Total length (TL) 187.0 100.00 Snout to anus 125.5 67.11 Snout to genital slit 120.5 64.44 Snout to umbilicus 83.0 44.39 Snout to ant. base of dorsal fin 95.0 50.80 Snout to blowhole 11.5 6.15 Snout to angle of mouth 14.0 7.49 Snout to eye 18.8 10.05 Snout to ant. base of flipper 4 1.0 2 1.93 Basal length of dorsal fin* 24.5 13.10 Height of dorsal fin 7.0 3.74 Breadth of fluke 51.0 27.27 Length of flipper at ant. 33.0 17.65 Greatest breadth of flipper 9.0 4.81 Number of teeth upper lewright 1611 6 - lower lewright 1611 6 -

* Basal length of dorsal fin was ditycrent possibly due to variation in method of measurement. was given as follow; UL 43-48, UR 43-48, LL 42- May 1994. Selected measurements are in 49 and LR 42-49. The vertebral formula was C 7 Table 16. D 13-14 Lu 19-23 Ca 33 with a total of 69-73. Species 18. Stenella attenuata Gray, 1846 Species 17. Stenella coeruleoalba Meyen, 1833 (Pantropical spotted dolphin): (Striped dolphin): Three old records were reported by Interview surveys conducted along the Gulf Andersen and Kinze (1995): 1) A stuffed of Thailand in 199 1 indicated that striped dolphins specimen, 196 cm long, (date of collection and were found there. We recorded two specimens' sex not known), from Songkhla Province. 2) 166 from the Andaman Sea. cm long female stuffed specimen at PMBC, Phuket Island. 3) A female, 164 cm long, stranded 17.1 PMBC11617: On 8 August 1992, a male, at Samut Sakhon on 23 December 1970. The 197.5 cm long and weighing 76 kg was skeleton is at the National Science Museum, stranded on Patong Beach, Phuket Island. Tokyo (24852). Measurements are given in Table 16. We report here two specimens stranded at 17.2 PMBC11623: A 198 cm male was found Ban Lanpong, Krabi Province on 6 July 1995. A stranded at Lamsak, Krabi Province on 12 female was stranded together with its calf. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull.

Table 20. Body measurements of Neophocaena phocaenoides from Thailand; old data from Pilleri and Gihr (1974).

This study Pilleri and Gihr (1974) Measurements End064 Bangkok Songkhla Songkhla Phangnga (Male) (Female) (Male)

Total length (TL) Snout to anus Snout to genital slit Snout to umbilicus Snout to blowhole Snout to angle of mouth Snout to eye Snout to ant. base of flipper Girth at post. base of flipper Girth at anal slit Breadth of head at eye Breadth of fluke Length of flipper at ant. Greatest breadth of flipper Number of teeth upper lewright lower lewright

18.1 PMBC 1 163 1: The mother was 204 cm long Table 21. Weights of organs of Neophocaena and weighed 54 kg (Fig. 14). phocaenoides from Thailand. 18.2 PMBC11632: The young was a female, 122 cm long and weighed 13 kg.

Organs PMBC11631 Measurements of both specimens are in Table 17 and weight of internal organs are in Table 18. Total weight (TW) Weight of heart Very little is known about the spotted Weight of left lung dolphins in Thailand. Only one specimen was Weight of right lung reported from Songkhla Province by Pilleri and Weight of liver Gihr (1974) but unfortunately, the specimen Weight of left kidney was lost. Specimen PMBC1163 1 had 1.6 kg of Weight of right kidney squid (Sepioteuthis sp.) in its stomach (Fig. 14b). Weight of spleen Cause of death was not determined. Many Weight of left testis nematode cysts were found in the blubber layer Weight of right testis around the genital aperture. The young specimen Length of intestine (PMBC11632) had neither food contents nor parasite in the stomach. Records of Cetaceans in Thailand

Species 19. Orcaella brevirostris Gray, 1866 Life history: 18 specimens have been reported from (Irrawaddy dolphin): the Gulf of Thailand with sizes ranging from 180 cm to 275 cm (Andersen and Kinze, 1995). The length Distribution in Thailand: This species is at attainment of sexual maturity in females is found all along the Gulf of Thailand's coastline, supposedly considered around 200 cm. A female entering estuaries and lower reaches of certain of 207 cm long was sexually mature as were males rivers (Chao Phraya, Mae Nam Chin, Chanthaburi, of 220 to 275 cm in length. No information exists and Pattani Rivers). There is a population on age at sexual maturity for males. The length at inhabiting the upper part of Songkhla lake (Thale birth is not known for population in Thai water but Luang). Maekhong River (Ubon Ratchathani is believed to be around 120 cm. Nothing is known Province) and Salaween River (Mae Hong Son about prenatal growth, and it is not known whether Province) are the potential areas of distribution. calving and breeding occur seasonally. Local fishermen reported that they are also found along the coastline of the Andaman Sea, at 1 No details are known about the diet and the Phangnga Bay and Krabi Bay. Two specimens parasitic burden of the species in Thai waters. are reported here from the Gulf of Thailand: FAMILY PHOCOENIDAE 19.1 PMBC11625: A female 187 cm long, was Species 20. Neophocaena phocaenoides Cuvier, found stranded at Kanjanadit, Surat Thani 1829 (Finless porpoise): Province on 21 August 1994. Two animals were stranded together; one was alive and This is a coastal species. Twenty-three the villagers returned it to the sea. The dead specimens have been recorded from the Gulf of specimen was transported to the PMBC. Thailand and one from the Andaman Sea, in Measurements are in Table 19. Phangnga Province (Andersen and Kinze, 1995). 19.2 End024: A male, 180 cm long, was found Pilleri and Gihr (1974) also described specimens stranded at Lumpam Lake, Patthalung from Thailand; one from Bangkok, two from Province on 29 December 1994. The Songkhla, and one from Phangnga Province. specimen was apparently decomposed, and Measurements are included in Table 20 for it was not possible to take measurements. comparison purposes. The tooth count was 16 on the upper left and right jaws, 14 in the lower left jaw, and Three stranded specimens are reported here. 16 on lower right jaw. The skeleton was processed and is kept at the Freshwater 20.1 On 10 April 1993, a finless porpoise was found Fisheries Station, Patthalung Province. stranded on Chaomai Beach, Trang Province. The specimen consisted of only the skeleton Internal anatomy: Pictures and measurements which is kept at Chaomai National Park, of skulls of Thai specimens can be accessed from Trang Province. The skeleton is 90 cm long. Pilleri and Gihr (1974). The tooth formula is only Teeth counts are 1911 9 in upper left and right available for two individuals: LlL15-16, UR 16 LL13 jaws and 18/18 in lower jaws. Sex was and LR12-13. The vertebral formula is C 7 D12- unknown. Body measurements were taken. 13 Lu 11-1 5 Ca 26-28 (based on 3 specimens). A The skeleton is kept at Chaomai National Park, 207 cm adult female had 6 cm long pelvics. The Trang Province. intestinal tract was measured at 21.8 m. No total 20.2 On 2 June 1994, a 130 cm long specimen was weight or organ weight were obtained for Thai found stranded at Chaomai Beach, Trang specimens. A 185 cm long male was estimated to Province. Sex is unknown. Number of teeth was weigh 80 kg. 16/16 in upper jaw and 1511 5 in lower jaw. The skeleton is kept at Chaomai National Park. Phuket mar biol. Cent. Res. Bull.

20.3 On 23 October 1996, a 131 cm in length, 36 people and institutions for providing access to kg in weight finless porpoise was found specimens and information : the officials of stranded at Ranong Province. Body Chaomai National Park, Trang Province; Mr. measurements are provided in Table 20 Supot Juongyampin, Chief of the Trang Coastal (End064). Organ weight is shown in Table Aquaculture Station, Parkmeng, Trang Province; 21. Mr. Sukit Rattanavinijkul, Chief of Nakon Sri Thamarat coastal Aquaculture Station; Mr. Veera Life history: Very little is known about this Boonragsa, Chief of Satun Marine Fisheries particular species in Thailand. Only one fresh Station; Mr. Anuwat Rattanachoti, Director of specimen was examined in this study. The first Surat Thani Coastal Aquaculture Development lobe of the stomach contained fish and squid Center; Mr. Manoon Baothong, Provincial (unidentified) totally 0.9 kg. The other lobes were Fisheries Officer, Trang Province; Mr. Peerapol empty. The testis was relatively large, it was about Tengrang, Provincial Fisheries Officer of Krabi 2.44% of total weight. No parasite was found in Province; Mr. Anirut Kirina, Aoluok District this specimen. Fisheries Official, Krabi Province; Mr. Chaiwat Panprommin, Provincial Fisheries Official, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Pattalung Province; and Mr. Nites Saraban, Coastal Fisheries Radio Communication Station, We wish to express our sincere gratitude Phangnga Province. We are grateful to Dr. to Mr. Michael Andersen and Dr. Carl C. Kinze William F. Perrin and Dr. Thomas Jefferson for for providing literature and knowledge on small useful comments and assistance in correcting the cetaceans. We gratefully thank the following manuscript.

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