1941 - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2219 of rank as previously nominated and con­ correct the date of-rank· as previously nomi­ That the Senate recede from its amen.d­ firmed: nated and confirmed. ment numbered 5. Paul H. Grouleff Charles C. Gold That the House recede from its disagree­ Joseph C; Wylie, Jr. Stephen M. Archer ment to the amendments of the Senate Anthony H. Dropp Theodore H. White CONFIRMATIONS numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8; and agree Francis M. Douglass Richard V. Gregory Executive nominations confirmed by to the same. William L. Richards John M. Grider the Senate March 13, 1941: C . A. WOODRUM, Francis D. Foley Earl P. Finney, Jr. LOUIS LUDLOW, Scott K . Gibson Alfred L. Cope POSTMASTERS J. BUELL SNYDER, Paul H. Harrington Richard C. Williams, NEW MEXICO EMMET O 'NEAL, ' William M. Ryan Jr. Ruby G. Holt, Oil Center. GEO. w. JOHNSON, Robert H. Kerr JOHN TABER, William I. Bull PENNSYLVANIA Levering Smith Edwin C. Woodward R. B. WIGGLESWORTH, William R. Wilson Max Silverstein Arthur F. Ellis, Cambridge Springs. W. P. LAMBERTSON, Leon S. Kintberger Charles M. Sugarman Managers on the ·part of the House. John R. Leeds Charles J. Oden'hal, ALVA B. ADAMS, Thomas M. Fleck Jr. C ARTER GLASS, John Munhollaild Robert E. Vandling -HOUSE QF REPRESENTATIVES KENNETH McKELLAR, Louis J. Kirn Ray M. Pitts CARL HAYDEN, William B. Short, Jr. Jack I. Bandy THURSDAY, MARCH _13, 1941 JAMES F. BYRNES, Earl T. Hydeman Travis R. Leverett GERALD P. NYE, John R. Van Evera Norman E. Blaisdell The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Managers on the part of the Senate. The following-named lieutenants to be The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Mont­ lieutenants in the Navy, to rank from the gomery, D. D., offered the following STATEMENT date stated opposite their names to correct The managers on the part of the House at the date of rank as previously nominated prayer: the conference on the disagreeing votes of and confirmed: Grant unto us, our Father in heaven, the two Houses on the amendments of the William T. Zink, Jr., September 1, 1939. that faith in Thee, that hope through S:mate to the bill (H. R. 3617) "Making defi­ William P. Schroeder, September 8, 1939. Thee, and inspiration by Thee by which ciency and supplemental appropriations for George E. Hughes, September 23, 1939. we shall grow into the fullness of those the Army and Navy for the national defense Ernest M. Snowden, September 23, 1939.­ for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941, and Maximilian G. Schmidt, September 23, 1939. virtues which are highest and best. We for other purposes", submit the following Alvin W. Slayden, September 23, 1939. pray that the divine truth may inspire statement in explanation of the effect of the Herbert J. Campbell, September 23, 1939. knowledge, fidelity, obedience, and honor action agreed upon and recommended in the George W. Kehl, ·september 27, 1939. -that will lead us to carry in ourselves a accompanying conference report as to each John R. Spiers, October 1, 1939. rich portion of the Spirit from above, of such amendments, namely: John Corry, October 1; 1939 enabling us to cultivate those experiences Nos. 1 and 2: Appropriates $71,000, as pro­ Ralph M. Wilson, October 1, 1939. which shall indeed make us worthy to be posed by the Senate, instead of $11,000, as Jacob -C. Myers, October 1, 1939. proposed by the House, for Fleet Training for Wallace H. Weston, October 1, 1939. called the sons of God; We rejoice that the Navy. Paul E. Emrick, October 1, 1939. at the _center of power, high above sight, Nos. 3 and 4: Provide for 40 passenger au­ Robert 0. Beer, October 1, 1939. _ -high above sense, and hig-h above human tOqlObiles at $600 each for the Navy, as pro­ Daniel. L. Carroll, Jr., October 1, 1939. understanding are eternal light · an-d i vided by the Senate, instead of S6 ·such The following-named lieutenants to be peace, the cause of that rest which is the vehicles, at $600 each, as provided by the lieutenants in the Navy, to rank from the purest, the divinest, and the most com­ House. 1st day of November 1939, to correct the date passionate. Ever blessed Lord, be very No. 5: Strikes out the amendment, inserted of rank as previously nominated and con­ by the Senate, proposing the creation of a gracious' to our President, our Speaker, Plant Site Board to pass upon the size and ·firmed: · and the Congress and · through them William L. Tagg Samuel F . Quarles location of industrial facilities for the Navy. William Outerson William H. Grover­ grant that Thy will may be established No. 6: Appropriates $125,000 as proposed by John D. Andrew man, Jr. throughout the world. In the holy name the Senate for salaries and expenses of na­ Robert C. Young Edwin C. Asman ·of our Saviour. · Amen. · · tional-defense act-ivities of the Cfvil Service Commission. William A .. Stuart _Frank D. Latta The Journal of the proceedings o-f yes­ Alfred R. Matter William W. Vanous Nb. 7: Inserts the section, proposed by the ·William E. Kenna John S. Lewis .terday was read and approved. Senate, prohibiting the· use of funds in the Bruce McCandless charles S. Hutchings ·FOURTH NATIONAL DEFENSE SUPPLE­ bill to pay the salary or wages of any person Robert J. C. Maulsby Thomas D. F. Langen -MENTAL APPROPRIATION BILL who advocates, or who is a member of an William R . Cox Marcus W. William- organization that advocates, the ove-rthrow Burdette E. Close son Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. of the Government of the United States by Allen B. Adams, Jr. George W. Pressey · Speaker, I call up the conference .report . force or violence. This section is identical Richard S. Craighill Robert P. Walker on the bill

1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE ·2227 , Is a man a demagogue because he be­ Is a man a demagogue because he can­ more efficiency, less domination - by lieves from the bottom of his heart that not go <~.long with Frankensteen, who is unions? no individual, no organization, should be now doing what he can to keep the Allis­ Is a man a demagogue becam:e he pro~ able to block our defense program? Be­ Chalmers plant closed and who said on tests when men on relief are denied work cause he believes in the necessity of, and another occasion that Ford would "either as carpenters unless they kick in $57.50 offers and urges the passage of, legisla­ recognize the union or he won't build au­ for a work permit? tion which will forward our national de­ tomobiles," this when we know that Ford Is he a demagogue because he says fense? is building automobiles for the Army as it is un-American, unpatriotic, when Is a ·man a demagogue just because he well as for commercial buyers? C. I. 0. men refuse to cut logs into lum­ refuses to remain silent when wreckers Is a man a demagogue when he pro­ ber, A. F. of L. teamsters refuse to deliver like Bittner, with their goon squads, defy tests the leadership of Powers Hapgood, finished lumber to Army cantonments, the courts, violate the laws, beat up who again is making trouble in industries for the erection of buildings necessary to workers, and, in spite of the Government, producing for national defense, when he protect draftees and enlisted men from a shut down production in industries pro­ remembers that Hapgood was a moving :fiu epidemic? ducing the materials which we need for spirit in an organization which Johri L. Is a Member of Congress a demagogue adequate national defense? . Lewis said was "doing .its dirtiest to cap­ when he joins the C. I. 0. in protesting . Is a man a demagogue who, when he ture the United Mine Workers and to that the A. F. of L. is racketeering when -learns from the public press that vio­ transform this union into a Communist it collects $350,000 from workers at Fort .Jence and rioting at the Lackawanna organization"? Hapgood, the man whom Grant, Rockford,. Ill., for work permits plant of the Bethlehem Steel Corporation Lewis himself characterized as a "fakir, and dues? was so great that all available Buffalo a traitor to . the unions, a purveyor of Is a man a demagogue because he ob­ police, squad cars, and men, were called every falsehood, slander, and deception." jects to the activities of these unions to the scene-when he learns that the Is a man a demagogue because he asks when he learns from the Labor Depart­ Bethlehem Steel Corporation, the only for legislation which will prevent slow­ ment figures that, during the last half adequate source of the Government for downs, when he knows that at the Inter­ of 1940, 3,904,922 man-days were lost be­ heavy armor plate, has been compelled, national Harvester Co. strike one of the cause of strikes? · That the increase for because of the violence of the C. I. 0., to union organizers and leaders-! think it the last half was 1,500,000 man-days over ask for governmental intervention in or- was Bittner~stated that even though the those lost during the first half of the . der that its work may go on, .calls upon strike was settled there would shortly year. Membe.rs of Congress to enact legislation after the settlement be a slow-down? Day before yesterday at St. Louis, Mo., .whicb will end the activities of those who Is a man a demagogue because he con­ the largest small-arms plant now .under are making it impossible for us to .tends that here in Washington we should construction, a $117,000,000 project, was carry on? . -have legislation which will enable those tied up when A. F. of L. building laborers Is a man a demagogue because he in­ ·wor.king at the Medical Center and the ·Were called out on strike because Earl sists that the policy· of those who, fit Army as well, which is doing a part of · Jennings, business agent of Local 42, was Fort Sheridan and at the Great Lakes the work, to get the material needed to .denied a p·ermanent permit to ente:t the 'Naval Training Station, will not. permit .continue construction? · project at will. . ·American citizens to work· as carpenters Is a .man a demagogue· because he does Stowell, superintendent of the Fruco until they have paid $122 initiation fee, not join hands with those who insist that · Construction Co., said that, under Gov:­ deny employment to laborers until they no man can work for his Government, ernment order, permanent passes to the .have paid $42, be ended? in defense of his home and fireside, until grounds are limited to the officials and Is a man a demagogue because he does he has paid the C. I. b. or the A. F. of L.? men actually engaged on the job. When not sit silent when C. I. 0. pickets tie Has the time come when unionism is he was not able to get the rule modified uo the Government's source of tin a.t .more important than patriotism? When as requested by the union, they pulled otf the Calumet-Illinois Corporation in Gary membership in a union is required as a their men. · ·and block the gates of other plants? condition precedent to rendering service Stowell said that when he referred the ~ Is a · man a demagogue when he joins · to the country? union demand to the· Army officials at the Undersecretary of War and seeks to Is a man a demagogue because he asks St. Louis ·they took the matter up with curb strikes in defense . industries. after for legislation which will enable the Navy, ·washington, and "the final order· came that official has declared that the strikes whose. demands were defied at Detroit, through that business agents would have ·are causing rearmament officials as much which will enable the Army, whose rea­ to obtain special passes every time· they concern as would a shortage of basic sonable requests are denied here by labor desired to come on the job." materials? . organizers, to successfully combat those What right has a business agent on a Is a man a demagogue because he does unpatriotic demands? Government small-arms plant job? With not agree with the policy of R. J. Thomas Is a man a demagogue because he in­ the unions infested with Communists, it of the U. A. W. A.-C. I. 0., who unpatriot­ sists that the biblical admonition that no is about time that we here in washington ically intending to hold up work on na­ man can serve two masters shall be ap­ demonstrate to these unions and their tional-defense material, said on January plied here in Washington and that Sid- business agents that Uncle Sam· is en­ 13, before the Genesee County Bar As­ . ney Hillman be required to decide gaged in a defense program; that we will sociation- whether he will serve the C. I. 0. or the not tolerate for one moment their unrea­ I won't guarantee to anyone there won't Federal Government; to make his choice sonable demands; that we make them be a strike at Ford's. I'm going to try to between the master who pays him and realize that they are servants of the Re­ cause one. the one who asks his unswerving loyalty? public and that the defense program was Is a man a demagogue because he in­ Is a man a demagogue because he not devised to afford them a source of sists that this same R. J. Thomas get a claims that the C. I. 0. has no right, at revenue. dose of law enforcement when he at­ Milwaukee, -in the Allis-Chalmers con­ The task of Congress is not half com­ tempts to carry out the threat made when troversy to demand that that company pleted. We shall follow in the disastrous he said- violate the law by discharging employees footsteps of France if we fail to put our I'm going to do everything I can to stop because they belong to the A. F. of L.? house in order. Her army, heralded as production at the Ford Motor Co. Or condemns the demand of the A. F. the best, her fortifications proclaimed to That was his statement on January 29, of L. at ·wright Field, in Dayton, Ohio, be the strongest in all the world, were . 1941. that the contractors there be compelled swept away as is dust before a hurricane. Who is this man, R. J. Thomas, who to refuse to accept the work of four To meet the mighty blast of a united, threatens to stop the production which C. I. 0. electricians who have been em­ powerful foe was a people torn by selfish will give the Army the tanks and cars it ployed in New York on subcontract work? groups, their every effort rendered futile needs? Is he the paid agent of Hitler, Is he a demagogue because he joins an by lack of devotion to the common good, or is he working in behalf of the Com­ Army officer who testified that the cost to France as a nation. munists, or is he just a common grafting at Fort Meade had been increased by 40 Here in America, while we add to the racketeer, a parasite living on the dues percent because of poor leadership, in­ taxpayer's burden, mortgage our Nation's collected from honest workingmen? efficient workers, in asking that we have future, conscript the youth of the land, 2228 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 13 and prepare a devil's brew which we com­ Mr. SABATH. I cannot yield. I feel Department shall cooperate with State pel our people to drink, we protect and that the two large labor organizations agencies and shall utilize their services, further the cause of those whose activities should get together to eliminate friction and shall furnish them with their rna .. hinder and delay both national defense and jurisdictional disputes. I think it terials and reports. The bill, in brief, and aid to Britain. would be most helpful and beneficial; but merely provides the right of inspection, Mr. Speaker, I could go on all after­ as to legislation, only a few days ago--· recommendation, and report. I shall noon, and cite instances of sabotage. Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, I make leave to the able chairman of the Com­ I shall not bore the Members further, but the point of order the gentleman from mittee on Mines and Mining, and to the I say this, that just as long as I am here lllinois is not speaking to the rule. sponsor of the bill, the gentleman from and can get the floor, every day or every The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. FLANNERY], to explain other day, at least two or three times a Illinois will proceed in order. in detail the provisions of the bill. week, you gentlemen on the Democratic Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I shall Before I conclude I must state that Mr. side are going to have this matter called proceed in order, and I think I am. For FLANNERY, and the Democratic whip, Mr. to your attention, and it is going to de­ the present I shall not say anything con­ BoLAND, and the chairman of the com­ lay your progress once in a while on some cerning the United States Chamber of mittee, Mr. SMITH, of West Virginia, and legislative program unless you take it in Commerce and the United States Manu­ the other gentleman from West Virginia, hand and solve the situation. I know facturers Association having passed reso­ Mr. RANDOLPH, and a great many oth­ that you are patriotic, that you have the lutions and gone on record against any ers, have been endeavoring for a long ability, but I do not know why in God's legislation in respect to strikes, or against time to obtain action on this legisla­ name we have fussed along and dodged labor organizations; but in view of the tion, and I feel that they are entitled this issue as long as we have. fact that I wish to bring before the to the thanks of the House, which can Mr. PATRICK. Mr. Speaker, will the House the bill H. R. 2082 which this rule now legislate for these thousands and gentleman yield? that I have reported makes in order, let thousands of men who have been sub­ Mr. HOFFMAN. Yes. me state that this legislation has been jected to hardships and have suffered Mr. PATRICK. I want to state to the sought for many years. Unfortunately, tremendously in years gone by. The gentleman that I do not think there is last session, due to the press of defense inspection which is provided for in this any demagoguery in the position that he legislation, it was impossible for me as bill will eliminate from 1,500 to 3,000 has taken here, in the fight that he has chairman of the Committee on Rules to deaths in mines in the United States, been making along that line, that ought report a rule for its consideration. Even and will afford protection to thousands· to be talked through. [Applause.] though 215 Members of the House at that of others from ravaging diseases. Mr. HOFFMAN. That is fine. I love session had signed a petition to discharge Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. that, and I hope the home folks will get the committee from further considera­ Speaker, will the gentleman yield? it, but over and above that, may I not tion, which under the rules of the House Mr. SABATH. Yes. appeal to the gentleman, and to his asso­ called for the consideration of the bill by Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. This ciates to really do something about that, the House itself, it was too late in the bill comes in with a unanimous report? to get us out a bill, and come on and session to consider the measure. Mr. SABATH. Yes. join with us in the fight to save America Therefore I am glad that the Com­ Mr. MARTIN of Massa:chusetts. The for Americans-get your committee to mittee on Rules has been able at this gentleman from Dlinois in giving credit bring a bill on the floor of the House and time and sv early in the session to report to those responsible happened to mention get a roll call upon it, and I believe we a rule for this deserving and meritorious all Democrats. ·I suppose, in view of the will nDt find 50 men who will vote against bill. This action was made possible when fact that the bill comes in with a unani­ it. [Applause.] the members of the Committee on Mines mous report, some others on that com­ Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance and Mining appeared before the Rules mittee may have had something to do of my time. Committee and agreed to eliminate sec­ with it. INVESTIGATIONS IN COAL MINES tion 2 of the bill to which objections had Mr. SABATH. Yes; but the others The SPEAKER. The Chair recognizes been interpOsed as originally reported by were most insistent and persisted that the gentleman from Dlinois for 1 hour. their committee and to insert in lieu action be taken. Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I yield 30 thereof the following: Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. The minutes to the gentleman from New York The Secretary of the Interior, acting gentleman tried to be fair, I know. [Mr. F'IsHJ. through the United States Bureau of Mines, 1s further authorized and empowered to make Mr. SABATH. I said it was a unani­ Mr. Speaker, it is to be regretted that or cause to be made the inspections provided mous report. The objection to section the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. HoFF- for in section 1 of this act at other than an­ 2 came from the Democratic side. Some 1\IANJ does not use his great ability in be­ nual intervals at any time in his discretion Members on the Democratic side ob­ half of legislation rather than to contin­ when the making of such inspections or in­ jected to that. I am always appreciative uously harp upon organized labor. vestigations in the mine concerned will be in furtherance of the purposes of this act. of the minority whenever they join the I fear that the gentleman is suffering majority on legislation that is helpful from "open shopnitis." While I agree The agreement of the Committee on and beneficial to the country and to the that there are some abuses on the part Mines and Mining to submit the amend­ of some unions, I feel that these labor preservation of life. ment as &. committee amendment from I shall not detain the House, this being organizations on the whole have per­ the floor enabled the Committee on Rules formed a great deal for the cause of labor; a unanimous report. I do not think there to take expeditious action the following will be any objection to the rule what­ and though I dislike to observe ·strikes day in reporting out the rule and I am at this time, the labor organizations happy that we have the bill before us for ever. should not be held responsible at every consideration today. Mr. SCHULTE. Mr. Speaker, will the turn for bringing them about. Strikes Mr. Speaker, H. R. 2082- provides for gentleman yield? are to be deplored, .and as a friend of ot:­ the inspection of coal mines annually Mr. SABATH. I yield. ganized labor I again urge that the or­ under the direction of the Bureau of Mr. SCHULTE. Does not the gentle­ ganizations and· factions cease their bick­ Mines. The purpose of these inspec­ man think that a great deal of credit erings and to take advice from the level­ tions is to obtain information as to should go to our colleague from Pennsyl­ headed men of their organizations in health and safety conditions, to ascer­ vania, Mr. FLANNERY, because of his un­ striving to eliminate frictions in the fu­ tain the causes of accidents involving in­ tiring efforts in bringing this to the at­ ture. It has taken years to build up these jury or loss of life, and the causes of tention of the country? organizations, and it will be deplorable occupational diseases. The bill provides Mr. SABATH. i have so stated. The indeed if, due to the acts of a few unions, that it shall be the duty of the Bureau gentleman from Indiana £Mr. ScHuLTE] the advantages they have gained will be of Mines to prepare studies and statis­ is also entitled to some credit, because he taken from them. tics of these conditions and to report was one of those who has importuned me Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the to the Congress and to the Bureau of to grant a rule. I could mention many gentleman yield? the Census. It further provides that the other names. 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2229

Mr. Speaker, I now yield 30 minutes to About 90 percent of all the coal produced modernly equipped mines in Ohio. It is the gentleman from New York [Mr. in the country is produced in 10 States. one of the hazards of the most hazardous FISH], who, I know, will also advocate the Pennsylvania is the greatest producer of industry in the country. There were passage of this broad and liberal rule that coal of any of the States. West Virginia probably 800 or a thousand men em­ will give Members a chance to offer is next, while is third, Illinois plo~ · ed in that mine. They were down amendments and improve the bill, if that is fourth, and Ohio is fifth. Tennessee, under the surface of the earth probably is possible. [Applause.] Alabama, Colorado, Indiana, and Michi­ 400 feet, and a great explosion took place. I reserve the balance of my time. gan also produce some coal. The coal They had no warning. They were busy Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, this is a produced outside of these States named earnil.g a living for their families. They humane and humanitarian piece of legis­ is a negl"gible quantity in comparison to had a right to put their faith in the mine lation aimed to safeguard the lives of the total amount produced. owners and in their State and National American miners by providing for in­ In my great State of Ohio, coal is pro­ Governments that they would be protect­ spection of safety and health conditions duced only in probably 20 of the 88 coun­ ed, and until we, as their representatives in the mines throughout the Nation. It ties, but in these counties where coal is in the State and National Governments, comes to the House with a unanimous produced practically all of the great ~r~g­ do our utmost to protect them, we have report from the Committee on Mines and edies happen. Mr. FISH, the distin­ not done our full duty. In an effort to do Mining and also fr9m the Committee on guished gentleman from New York, who my full duty I propose to do all I can to Rules. Republicans and Democrats are has just preceded me, stated that there secure the passage of this bill. These men united on both of those committees in is no chance that the passage of this bill had no means of escape; they had no favor of this legislation. will prevent all these great accidents. chance to save their lives. They call upon However, I do not believe it is quite fair We do not claim that it will prevent all us from their graves to see to it that to the membership of the House or to the such accidents but if it will prevent one others are not sacrificed as they were. public or to those who work in the mines accident such as the one that occurred The scene that I have described is only to try to make out that this bill will put in my district at Millfield, Ohio, about 10 one of many similar disasters. Just last an end to these tragic accidents that years ago, it will have justified itself year another terrible disaster happened have been occurring for years, and par­ many times over. Or, as far as that goes, at St. Clairsville, within probably 75 ticularly during the last year. if it will save the life of one man it is miles of where the one happened that I Approximately 1,500 miners lost their worth our consideration. have just described. A few months ago lives in tragic accidents last year. The While there will be no serious objec­ another accident happened in that com­ purpose of this bill is to empower the tions to this bill, if any are advan~ed munity that, although it did not result in Federal Government, through the De­ they will be in one of two categones. the death of as many miners, it was ter­ partment of the Interior in cooperation Someone may say that this bill will be rible in that for days they were unable with the Bureau of Mines to investigate an additional cost to the Government as to recover the bodies of those who had safety and health· conditions in the coal it is an additional activity of the Govern­ died at their post of duty. mines and make recommendations. The ment. Let me answer that argument. It Mr. Speaker, in all solemnity and all bill provides no authority or power to en­ is an additional activity of the Govern­ seriousness, I again repeat that if we can force those recommendations. It is ment but it is so insignificant from the here today do something that will save hoped that the inspections and the standpoint of its expense that that is no the life of one miner or prevent any one recommendations will be made in coop­ argument against the measure. The of these great disasters that will happen eration with the various State mine-in­ committee has so amended the bill now in spite of the greatest care, we will have spection bureaus and that if anything is that it provides it must be administered done a good day's work. wrong, the people of America will be by the Bureau of Mines. This will pre­ Now, let us see if the State organiza­ advised and that the searchlight of piti­ vent setting up a new agency, and the tions are sufficient. I maintain that they less publicity will be directed against un­ only expense will be the actual expense of do fine work. Probably the greatest dis­ safe and unhealthy conditions that en­ carrying the benefits of the law to the asters have been the result of conditions danger the lives of those who work below people. In behalf rf the Bureau of Mines beyond the experience of the inspectors. the ground. · let :ne say there is no finer activity of the In other words, quite frequer_tly an acci­ Mr. Speaker, I want it distinctly under­ dent will happen from new causes. If we Government. It has done a wonderful can get the cooperation of the best minds stood that this is a unanimous re­ worl~ and it can be trusted to do a good port and that it is not a political one; job in this instan0e. The same may be in the Federal service and of the best that both parties are combined to fur­ minds in the State service and furnish said of the bureaus of mines in the them with proper equipment I am sure ther this humane legislation which has various States. Pennsylvania, no doubt, for its main purpose the safeguarding we will show a lessening of these dis­ has a fine operating organization. Ohio asters. and protecting of the lives of the miners. has a fine operating organization. These It simply provides for Federal inspection I remember an accident that happened State organizations can be depended near my city where one Monday morning and recommendation. upon to cooperate with the Federal agen­ We do not want it to go out throughout 80 men went down to work in a shaft 600 cy to the fullest extent. In spite of feet below the surface of the earth. Each the country that this bill is more than it the fact that Ohio has a fine organi­ really is. All it does is to provide for in­ and every one of those 80 men was zation, Ohio had 4 or 5 terrific acci­ asphyxiated and had to be brought out spections and recommendations. It will dents within the last few years. Only not prevent accidents or guarantee that by rescue crews. Thanks, however, to the about 8 years ago in my district I wit­ skill and efficiency of the rescue crews, there will not be any future explosions nessed the terrible scene of seeing 80 and accidents. [Applause.] they were able to save the lives of every bodies brought out of a mine as a re­ one of those 80 men. Mr. Speaker, I now yield 10 minutes to sult of a terrific accident for which not the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. JENKINs]. But a goodly number of them are draw­ one of those poor men was responsible. ing State compensation because of their Mr. JENKINS of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, They were not responsible for it in any I appreciate very much this opportunity injuries, and will continue to draw as way. That was a scene that I shall never long as they live. They did not draw to say a few words in favor of this mine­ forget. The sight of 80 bodies lying in any compensation for some time as it inspection bill which is a very worthy rows in the empty loft of a store was one . had not been determined what was the piece of legislation. The life and safety that would shock the most stout-hearted. cause of the accident. No blame was of human beings is one of the first re­ Then to witness the anguish of the wives attached on the company for any willful sponsibilities of government. Ours truly and children of those whose lives had or careless negligence. Still the men had is a Government for the people. been snuffed out was a trying ordeal. I been injured and were entitled to con­ Anyone will be surprised when he looks hope that I shall never have to see such a sideration. I took up this with the into the matter to find that coal is pro­ sight again. ·what was the cause of this Workmen's Ccmpcnsation Department of duced in so few localities in the United terrible disaster? It cannot be placed on the State of Ohio to determine what was States and in such a small area as com­ the shoulders of the dead. It did not the real cause of the injury. We had a pared to the total area. I d~re say of the happen as the direct willful negligence of great fight to convince the department 48 States there is not 1 pound of coal the operating company. This accident that this accident was one for which com­ produced in more tban half of them. happened in one of the largest and most pensation was allowable. After months 2230 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE . MARCH 13 of hearings-mostly medical-we were finest administration. There need be no children, and friends gathered around able to show that although this was such jealousy-no lack of cooperation between there, wondering each time a body is an accident as to be beyond the experi­ the State agencies and the Federal agen­ brought up whether their loved ones ence of people generally, still it was cies under this law. The Federal agency would be brought up dead or alive, or, one over which the men had no control, need not project itself unnecessarily or indeed, wondering many times if they and they should be compensated. We unduly into the functions and provinces would ever be broug!"lt up at all, can were able to show that these men were of the State organizations, and I am sure appreciate what this bill does. afilicted by reason of a poisonous gas they will not; but whenever 50 or 75 It certainly is encouraging for· us to caused by the burning of rubbish down men are trappe

fs constructed, can be purchased and in­ Texas [Mr. LANHAM], who presides over tory not only to Congress but to the stalled at that time at a much lower cost this particular committee. [Applause.] people of the country. [Applause.] per unit than if bought by the individual? I want to say personally that I am Mr. HOLMES. Mr. Chairman, I yield Mr. LANHAM. The testimony is to the heartily in accord with this bill. I do 3 minutes to the gentleman from Michi­ effect that the:· have bought these re­ want to correct, however, an impression gan [Mr. MICHENER]. frigerators at a cost of $52 each, which that might oo created in the committee Mr. MICHENER.. Mr. Chairman, I certainly is a very reasonable cost for a by my very distinguished and good friend rise just to make this observation: A refrigerator, and it would not take much and colleague, the gentleman from Ohio, few days ago Congress authorized $100,- of a differential in rent to pay for it. Congressman VORYS, who, most of the 000,000 additional to provide more hous­ Mr. CRAWFORD. And perhaps at time, is 99.44 percent correct, but at this ing for the national-defense program. one-half of what it would cost the indi­ particular time he is using up a portion of That was under the Federal Housing Ad­ vidual if he had to install it in the house. that fifty-six one-hundredths percent ministration, and the money will be fur­ Mr. LANHAM. I think that is right. wherein he is WJ:ong, because this bill spe­ nished by local lending agencies-the Mr. CRAWFORD. Is there anything cifica1ly gives to the Administrator the Government to insure the loans. Today in the amendment which would prohibit right to sell and to collect rent. I want to we are adding another $150,000,000 to a the Administrator from proceeding on state that the evidence before this Com­ bill which but a few weeks ago granted that basis if the Administrator finds that mittee will show that the committee very $150,000,000 to furnish housing for this it is in keeping with the general pro­ carefully looked into the matter, that we same purpose. That makes $400,000,000 gram? were not donating anything to anyone, within the last few weeks. Ali this for Mr. LANHAM. May I read the and in reality a portion of this is going to defense housing. And the thing that amendment to the gentleman: be paid back to this Government. How­ distresses me is the fact that Members That all items of cost shall be separately ever, we do not want to kid ourselves that of Congress pay so little attention to estimated with a view toward economy, and ~ e are going to get all this money back, these vast appropriations. There are but that no movable equipment shall be installed but I know of no portion of the defense a few Members present; apparently there in such units unless the Administl'ator shall program where we expect to get all our is no interest. I believe this particular in any particular case deem such installa­ money back. We have an emergency appropriation is necessary. r so believe tion to be in the public interest. where we must have these workers in because I have heard the proof as a If the tenant is going to go to the Ad­ these various localities in order to rush member of the Rules Committee. How­ ministrator and say, ·~I would like to have forward our defense program. Represent­ ever, because a committee so recommends these facilities, and I would like to pay atives of various localities have appeared is no reason why the Congress--the 435 more rent in order to get them," I think, before our committee and I believe I am Members representing their people­ perhaps, there would be no difficulty. . correct in saying that there never has should leave to committees entirely the Mr CRAWFORD. In that case 1t appeared before the committee, one indi­ power to expend billions of the tax­ would be possible for him to put them in. vidual or one group of individuals, rep­ payers• money just because the appro­ Mr. LANHAM. I think that would be resenting any group or organization that priation is labeled national defense. r in the public interest because the Gov­ is opposed to this measure. This is due sat throug:1 days of hearings in the Com­ ernment would get the money back. I to the fact that we are not going into mittee on Rules. I believe those hearings think this allows a reasonable discretion c:>mpetition with their own private real­ were profitable. I beli.eve these admin­ to the Administrator, and I think, by all estate agencies. So I say to you that we istrators learned the views of Congress means the Administrator should be al­ do consider that we are engaged in a on defense housing. I believe these ad­ lowed 'a reasonable discretion. portion of the defense program when we ministrators---some of whom have been Mr. CRAWFORD. I agree with the are asking for the passage of this bill, bitten by the bug of uplift, the more chairman in that respect. Reference and even though we may not pay back abundant life, and social reform-find it was made by the gentleman from In­ dollar for dollar the money invested, yet rather difficult to ditferentiate between diana, I believe, to galvanized iron versus the money we lose will be very small in the days when the Congress and the copper or brass piping. I know that_ in comparison with the necessity for speed country had lots of money and the days certain localities where defense housmg in our defense program. when we must borrow· every dollar that is being provided the water conditions are I trust that the Committee will carry we spend, and need every ·dollar that we such that within 3 to 5 years galvanized the consideration of this bill to a success­ can borrow for national defense. piping will absolutely be eaten U? and ful conclusion. [Applause.] I know that Mr. Carmody is a good of no utility whatsoever. There 1s not Mr. HOLMES. Mr. Chairman, I Yield man and ·I know that Mr. Palmer is a anything in the bill that will prohibit the 5 minutes to the gentleman from Penn­ good man, but it is almighty difficult for Administration from using copper or sylvania [Mr. RUTHERFORD). Mr. CarmOdy acting today on one of brass piping in such cases, is there?- Mr. RUTHERFORD. Mr. Chairman, these Federal housing uplift projects Mr. LANHAM. The only limitation "in I was in the same position as the gentle­ and acting tomorrow on a necessary de­ the law is with reference to the average man from Oklahoma [Mr. NICHOLS] on fense project to distinguish between cost of the dwelling, and I think it should this proposition. When it first came to luxury and essentials. They mean well, be so because circumstances differ so in · my attention I did not see quite eye to eye but social reform dreams have no place the various places that what is feasible in with some of the other members of the in the picture at the moment. Congress one place, naturally, may not be feasible committee. As I gave the matter some should be on guard throughout the entire in another. What costs less in one place consideration, r realized that conditions time that these vast sums are being ex­ might cost more in another. today are entirely different Jrom what pended, and Congress should never be Mr. CRAWFORD. I agree with the they were in the last war, and that we criticized because it inquires into the chairman in that approach to the have to proVide suitable housing for the question of the necessity for and the ad­ matter. · men to work in the munitions and the visability o_f the spending of sums asked Mr. LANHAM. I had not intended, Mr. powder plants if we want them to go for by the administration or by any· Chairman, to consume so much time, but there to work, and after listening to agency of the Government. It is our I have been very glad to give such in­ Mr. Carmody, the Administrator of this duty, it is our function. Our grip- on the formation as I could in response to these affair, I was convinced that the adminis­ purse strings is about the last vestige of questions. tration is in fine hands. I believe that if power retained by the Congress. When M.r. HOLMES. Mr. Chairman, I yield the other departments and agencies of we give the President the $7,000,000,000 5 minutes to the gentleman from Ohio the Government had men like Mr. Car­ he asks for in the defense program where [Mr. McGREGOR]. mody there would be no objection or will our control be then? Mr. McGREGOR. Mr. Chairman, as criticism of their work. He is one of the I doubt whether many here realize that a member of the committee I first want to finest administrators in the service of the this same Committee on Public Buildings pay my respe£ts to one of the finest chair­ Government today r and I have the ut­ and Grounds has been holding hearings, men it has been my p1ivi!ege to serve most confidence that if this bill is passed and that within the next few days this under in my short years in the legisla­ and tbe money advanced, it will be ad­ same committee is going before the Com-­ ture, the distinguished gentleman from ministered in a way that will be satisfac- mittee on Rules to ask for a rule for at 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2253 le-ast $150,000,000 more, and for what? ·The bill was paSSed . . there-has been a general expectation that To furnish the "facilities" for the housing A motion to reconsider was laid on the this bill wolild be taken up on Wednes­ \\c are authorizing today. This bill table. · day. Several people have left town with builds the houses. Within 10 days we PROMOTION OF NATIONAL DEFENSE that expectation. are going to be authorizing the school­ Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Well, houses to go with the houses. We are Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that general debate will be taken up on Tues­ going to be providing possibly swimming it shall be in order at any time to con­ day and the bill would go over until pools to go with the houses, that is if sider the· bill appropriating money to Wednesday. the uplifters have their way. We are carry out the purpose of H. R. 1776 as a Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. The going to be authorizing more hundreds general appropriation b111; that debate vote on the bill would not come until of millions of borrowed money. It is on the bill be equally divided and con­ Wednesday? not to impede national defense that some Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. That is of us call trolled by myself and the gentleman from attention to these facts. Our New York [Mr. TABER], and confined to correct. motto must be billions for national de­ Mr. TABER. Not even a vote on an fense but not one cent for waste, ex­ the bill, and that said debate shall be amendment? travagance, or luxury. We cannot justify concluded not later than the close of the day on which it is taken up. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. That is providing all the comforts of life for the correct. highly paid defense worker while the boys The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Vir­ Mr. TABER. And, if the gentleman carrying the guns and wearing the uni­ will yield further, is it not the purpose form work for $30 a month, 24 hours a ginia? Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. of the gentleman to permit the debate day, and possibly live in tents. to continue just as long throughout the I am not criticizing, but I am calling Speaker, in explanation of that, I would like to say that if this consent is granted evening as anyone is prepared to talk, upon the Congress to assume its full re­ so that we may have the full day avallable sponsibility, come out of its lethargy and it is the purpose of the committee to call up the bill on Tuesday, have the for debate? by close scrutiny guarantee to the tax­ Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. And a payer a dollar value for every dollar debate Tuesday afternoon, and consider the bill under the general rules of the night session if the House wishes to have spent, and perform the functions of the it, so far as I am concerned. body which must keep control of the House for amendment on Wednesday. Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, reserving Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. There purse strings of the Government. will be nothing but debate the first day [App1ause.J the right to object, the primary object of haviJ:.lg the bill treated as a general the bill is considered. [Here the gavel fell.] Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. That is Mr. LANHAM. Mr. Chairman, I ask appropriation bill would be to have the bill read for amendment by paragraphs, correct. that the Clerk read the bill. Mr. TABER. Debate, however, to be The Clerk read the bill as follows: so that as to each individual item amend­ ments might be in order rather than to confined to the bill. . Be it enacted etc., That section 3 of the have the whole thing read at one time Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. That is act entitled "An act to expedite the provision correct . of housing in connection with national de­ . and considered at one· time. It gives a fense, and for other purposes," approved Oc­ fairer opportunity for anyone who has Mr. MICHENER. Will the gentleman tober 14, 1940, is amended by striking out an amendment which they want to offer yield? "$150,000,000" and inserting in lieu thereof in that way. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield. "$300,000,000." Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. It is all Mr. MICHENER. And if this request Mr. LANHAM. Mr. Chairman, I offer · to be considered just like general appro­ is not granted, nothing will be gained, an amendment. priation bills are considered, with all because a rule will be granted. The Clerk read as follows: rights of the Members fully protected. . Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. That is Mr. MICHENER. Reserving the right correct. Committee amendment offered by Mr. LAN­ to object, is this the $7,000,000,000 bill? HAM: Page 1, line 7, after "$300,000,000", The SPEAKER. Is there objection to strike out the period, insert a colon, and add Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. That is the request of the gentleman from Vir­ the following: "Provided, That all items of correct. ginia? cost shall be separately estimated with a view ·Mr. MICHENER. Is it the purpose to There was no objection. toward economy, and that no movable equip­ bring the bill in as a. unit or covering EXTENSION OF REMARKS ment shall be installed in any such units authorizations and the appropriation of unless the Administrator shall in any par­ $7,000,000,000, or is this bill to be split Mr. ROBINSON of Utah. Mr. Speaker, ticular case deem such installation to be in up and only such amounts be authorized I ask unanimous consent to extend my the public interest." and appropriated for at this time as have own remarks in the RECORD and to in­ · The committee amendinent was agreed been justified before the committee? clude therein an address delivered bY to. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. It is the Rudger Clawson, president of the Twelve The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the purpose to bring in such amounts as may Apostles of the Mormon Church on Sun­ Committee will rise. be justified in the hearings before the day evening, March 9, at the Washington Accordingly the Committee rose; and committee, but complete frankness com­ Chapel, where memorial services for the the Speaker having resumed the chair, pels me to say it will · be for the total late Senator Reed Smoot were held. Mr. SMITH of Virginia, Chairman of the amount of $7,000,000,000 cash. The SPEAKER. Without objection, it Committee of the Whole House on the Mr. MICHENER. In other words, is so ordered. state of the Union, reported that that there will be justification for certain There was no objection. Committee had had under consideration items and a blank check to the Executive Mr. LEAVY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ the bill H. R. 3486, and pursuant to House for the $7,000,000,000? imous consent to extend my own re- · Resolution 137, he reported the same back · Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Well, marks in the RECORD and to include to the House with an amendment adopted , not a blank check. Under the terms of therein certain excerpts. in Committee of the Whole. ' the lease-lend bill the funds will be The SPEAKER. Without objection it The SPEAKER. Under the rule, the handled ·by the President through the is so ordered. previous question is ordered. · regular departments of the Government. There was no objection. The question is on agreeing to the It will conform exactly to the terms of Mr. KILBURN. Mr. Speaker, I ask­ amendment. the lease-lend bill which has become law. unanimous consent to extend my own · The amendment was agreed to. Mr. TABER. Is it not the understand­ remarks in the RECORD and to include The SPEAKER. The question is on ing that these articles will all be procured therein a letter from Mr. E. B. Crosby, the engrossment and third reading of through the regular bureaus, depart­ Director of the National Seaway Council. the bill. ments, and set-ups of the Army and The SPEAKER. Without objection· it The bill was ordered to be engrossed Navy? is so ordered. and read a third time and .was read the Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. That is . There wa~ no "objection. _ . . . third time. · correct. · · · · · · Mr. KILBURN.'· Mr. S~ak~r. I . ask .: · The SPEAKER. The question is on : Mr ~ MARTIN of Massachusetts·.- Re­ unanimous· consent that the. gentleman the passage o.f the bill. serving the right to object, Mr. Speaker, -from Michigan [Mr. BRADLEY-] maJ have 2254 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 13 permission to revise and extend the re­ call to the attention of the public, the as W. P. A. Administrator, be expected marks he made this afternoon on the Senate of the United States, and the poor ever to find him. After 8 long years of mine inspection bill and to include there­ victims on the W. P. A. rolls the recm·d search. for the ill-clad, the ill-housed, and in certain tables and statistics on mines of Mr. Hunter as Deputy Administrator the ill-fed, certainly Howard 0. Hunter and mining prepared by the United of W. P. A. is. not the man to continue the search. States Bureau of Mines. · Read House Report No. 2187 of the The SPEAKER. Under the previous. . The SPEAKER. Without objection it W. P. A. subcommittee: order of the House. the gentleman from is so ordered. The investigation has divulged many past Tennessee [Mr. REEcE.l is recognized for There was no objection. deeds. Some were known toW. P. A. authori­ 30 minutes. (Mr. FORAND and Mr. HEALEY asked ties and nothing was done about them. Some and were given permission to revise and were not knov1n to them, and W. P. A. au­ ANDREW JOHNSON extend their remarks.) thorities disputed the findings or defended Mr. REECE of Tennessee. Mr. Speak­ Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, the practice. • • • The category runs an er, one of the monumental privileges vf I ask unanimous consent to extend my the way from minor abuses to major offenses. membership in the House of Representa­ own remarks in the RECORD and to in­ Mr. Speaker, Howard Hunter was tives is the fact that every now and then clude therein a letter written to me by Deputy Administrator at the time these we are accorded opportunities of undoing the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. LARRA­ major offenses were committed. miscarriages vf justice and righting BEE], chairman of the Committee on The hearings further show that, in great wrong. Education, in reply to a letter by Mr. some unexplained way, Hunter managed Seventy-three years ago, on March 13. Aubrey Williams of January 29. 1941. to make New Orleans-his home from 1868, there occurred under this dome one The SPEAKER. Without objection it an early age-for holidays, football of the most disgraceful events in the is so ordered. games, and the like. I quote further whole history of the world. There was no objection. from the report: Ti1is afternoon I would like to briefly Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, The worst situation which the subcommit- · recall to your attention that tragic blo1P I ask unanimous consent to extend my tee•s inves~igation encountered was tn the on the pages of our history and to beseech remarks and to include therein a short State of Louisiana. * * * It is incompre­ the aid of my colleagues in reminding letter sent to me by Robert W. Dunn. hensible that Federal o:fficials, at least in the Nation of one of our greatest citizens executive secretary of the Labor Re­ Louisia.na, were not cognizant of the waste and patriots. search Association. and diversion and misapplication of public On that Black. Friday C!lf which I The SPEAKER. Without objection tt funds that were taking place there. spoke-a day of swirling snow 'and 1s so ordered. Mr. Speaker, if there is any justifica­ almost night-like gloom, thousands. of There was no objection. tion for Hunter's charging per diem ex­ people converged on the Capitol, strug­ Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, I ask penses and traveling expenses to Louisi­ gling and jostling to get inside. It was unanimous consent that the gentleman ana, there certainly is no excuse for the like a Roman holiday with the Senate from Michigan [Mr. HOFFMAN] may be maladministration of W. P. A. in that fioC!lr for an arena. permitted to extend the remarks he made state. Long before noon the galleries and this afternoon and to include therefn The record shows that Hunter,s ofi'icial corridors were thronged with a motley certain excerpts. travel led the way to Kentucky for the crowd. The elite of Washington jostled The SPEAKER. Without objection it annual derby, and to other places in the elbows wtth petty politicians, discharged is so ordered. United States where important sporting soldiers, emancipated sJa ves, and curious There was no objection. events took place, including the sunny visitors. Overhead and on the side walls HOWARD 0. HUNTER clime of Florida at times when the cold gas lights :flickered and danced in the blasts of winter, hail. and snow cut short drafts, casting weird shadows over the Mr. JONES. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan· his northern sojourns. kaleidoscopic scene. imous consent to address the House for Mr. Speaker, if there is any doubt that There was tension and apprehen&on 1 minute. Howard Hunter has not picked up the written on every face. This. was one of The SPEAKER. Without objection it worst practices of maladministration that the most solemn days in the history of 1s so ordered. ha.ve ever been conceived by the chief of the Nation, and the seething mass of There was no objection. all maladministrators. Harry Hopkins, humanity was not insensible to the Mr. JONES. Mr. Speaker, the ill-clad, read volume 3, page 578 and the following tragedy and drama they had come to ill-fed, ill-housed, and the "forgotten of the bearings befoie the House W. P. A. witness. man of 1932" are about to be subjected subcommittee. Here. in part, is what Cynosure oi all eyes was the crowded to another abuse. The President has the hearings show: Hunter spent 1,4.163.4 diplomatic section, filled with brilliantly nominated Howard 0. Hunter as Ad­ days as a traveler between August 1, 1934. garbed.. bejewelled, medalled, and rib· ministrator of the Work Projects Admin­ and January 31~ 1940-71.59 percent of boned men and women, representatives istration. Let u.s see what the Wash­ the time. How much did be collect? of most of the nations of the earth. ington Post says about his qualifications. Per diem and traveling expenses, $8.- In the press section famnus writers I assume tbat since the Government 558.48; and he expended $9,172.17 for and artists of the day nervously waited spends millions of dollars a year for pub­ transportation; making a total of $17,- and stared at the sea of faces, so expres­ licity, the Post story is based on what 730.65 for the perioo; and that is not all, sive of all the gamut of human emotions. Mr. Hunter's publicity hounds are using Mr. Speaker. He drew a fat, handsome There wa.s Thomas Nast with his vitriolic to gild his lily. Here is what the Post salary during this period. pencil, the pungent Horace Greeley, indicates that Mr. Hunter says about And that is not all, Mr. Speaker. He eager young Georges Clemenceau, later himself; here is what he has to brag issued Government transportation re­ destined to become the Tiger of France about: Twenty years a social worker, quests for the transportation of his secre­ but then only a humble news reporter. mixed with a :finger now and then in the tary, and the General Accounting Office There were other men whose reports community chest. He was born in deducted $1,764.42 from his expen~ ac· were to inflame the entire country. sunny Georgia and educated in the Peli­ counts for the cost of her travel. Then, Down on the Senate :floor, America's can State; he attached himself to the when these matters were brought to the greatest tragedy was now unfolding. Im· relief activities· during the tender years attention· of the W. P. A. subcommittee, peachment proceedings were being of the New Deal's quest for the "forgotten Mr. Hunter explained that his secretary brought against Andrew Johnson, seven. man." Under the maladministration of was, in fact, his wife, and claimed that teenth President of the United States, by the Colonel House of World War No. II, she worked for W. P. A. without compen­ a little cabal of black-hearted men, Harry Hopkins, he rose to a high place sation; which, in the absence of a special whose names today are anathema to all in the administration of emergency relief. provision in the relief laws, Mr. Speaker, fair-minded men. When Aubre:· Williams became patron is a violation of the general law. At the time their motives were obscure saint of Stokowski's orchestras, as Mr. Speaker, this man who spent the and cloaked under the· false garb of loy. N. Y. A. Administrator, Hunter stepped greater part of his time for 5% years alty and patriotism to a Nation bleeding into Williams' shoes as Deputy Adminis­ traveling at Go.vernment expense, in from the hideous wounds of civil war trator of W. P. A. With deep regret I search for the "forgotten man," cannot, and the problems of reconstruction. 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2255 Thank God! History now reveals that declared Lincoln, in June 1864, in answer The two men had first met in Congress cabal as character a.ssassins whose only to critics. Later on both Lincoln and during the stirring days when the first motives were revenge for fancied wrongs, Stanton asked the same question ·of the rumble of the approaching Civil War was greed for power, and the extortion of country: heard. Lincoln became impressed with gold and power from the prostrate What man in America has done more !or Johnson's stand on State rights and his South. the Nation's life than Andrew Johnson? views on slavery and secession. More They are dead and long since gone than any other man in the Nation, Lin­ today but their infamy will ever live after What man indeed? coln knew that Johnson had staved off them. Because of their unwillingness to Yet March 13, 1868, was to find this war for years and that they both stood compromise, they were more responsible foremost patriot of America brought to alike on the question of the inviolability than any other group for the horrors and bay by a rabid pack of radicals, masquer­ ading as men anointed to save the Na­ of the Union. sufferings of the Civil War and the tion. Only the presence of stately Chief As Senator and later as Lincoln's mili­ di'awn-out travail of reconstruction. tary governor of Tennessee during the You can instantly weigh them by one Justice Chase kept the impeachment trial Civil War, not only the President but the of the heinous accusations they brought from being an utter travesty on justice. entire country were enabled to take the that day-"that said Andrew Johnson As it was, Johnson was shown less con­ ex-tailor's true measure. had conspired with Booth and Davis to sideration and respect for his constitu­ tional rights than the vilest criminal who Those military governorship days were have Lincoln murdered that · he might the most trying and dangerous of his life. become President." ever entered the dock. Originally called to start on March-5, For 4 years there was a price on his head Of that hideous, soul-searing charge, and often he was harried like a wild one historian wrote: · Johnson was allowed only ·7 days in which to pr~pare answer to the 11 beast. Time and again, he missed am­ No accusation more deliberately concocted charges-9 of them based on an alleged bush by seconds. Obliged to leave or more wantonly false, in all the annals o! Greeneville, his family were forced tore­ mankind, is elsewhere recorded. violation of the Tenure of Office Act-an act forbidding the President to remove main behind. To bring such a despicable charge, the any appointee who had been approved They were harassed and annoyed and cabal stooped to perjured testimony fr.om by the Senate. would have starved but for food smug­ convicted criminals already in the Dis­ Flimsy, baseless, and conceived in des­ gled to them by loyal mountaineers. trict jail. Eleven hundred dollars of peration, those charges have been termed Their home was seized and condemned·, Government money and the promise of the "products of diseased minds." Un­ being used first as a hospital for Con­ a pardon was paid for "evidence" known able to find any real basis for impeach­ federate officers and then as a br-othel to be false. ment, the cabal fell back on abuse. for colored troops. · Small wonder, Mr. Speaker, that for "Traitor," "murderer," "drunkard," "Ne­ Years passed ere Johnson saw his fam­ any parallel of cruelty one must· compare ro," "usurper," "apostate," were only a ily again. In fact, the war-was over· and the trial of Andrew Johnson with that few of their hydrophobic utterances. he was President ere the reunion became of Jesus. .One instance, Mr. Speaker, clearly re­ possible. By then, his -noble wife was The difference is that Christ was veals the despicableness of Johnson's ac­ dying of tuberculosis. Rich literary re­ crucified in the :flesh and His agony cusers. Benjamin Wade, elected head of wards await the writer who tells the was comparatively short-lived. Andrew the Senate when Johnson left to assume world about her noble sacrifices. Johnson, noble patriot that he was, suf­ Lincoln's office, would succeed Johnson It was this placing of country and fered mental cruciation that lasted the as President if he were successfully im­ Union above self and party that earned rest of his life. . peached. him Lincoln's respect and the love of a In. the long, drawn-out days of the IIll- · Yet, not Withstanding his interested vast majority of the voters. They knew peachment trial Johnson lived life's position, Wade was, by a majority ruling, he \-;as fearless and above reproach. The darkest moments. Lampooned, satirized, permitted to vote and make charges very multiplicity of his enemies proved dubbed drunkard and even illegitimate, against Johnson. With brazen effron­ his nobility, for the world has not time to it is small wonder he questioned whether tery he cried out "Guilty" when the roll hate men of lesser caliber. he had a single friend left ·on earth. was called-on the final day. · As he laid his plans for a second term -But friends he did have and they must Let me give ·you a few highlights of the in the White House, Lincoln wisely and have numbered millions. Thousands of terrible issues and events leading up to shrewdly chose Johnson for his running ex-soldiers offered to pour into Washing­ this infamous proceeding. mate. Able to control the Republican ton and fight for him and the principles For more than half a century histo­ Convention, it was no impossible thing he stood for. rians maligned Johnson and held him up to haye a Democrat selected to run 'with -Many former officers .from both the to posterity for everything that· he was him. Northern and Southern Armies offered to not. They questioned his parentage, his A life-long Democrat whose patron . raise full regiments and march to his de­ habits, and his motives. Falsely they saint had been his namesake, Andrew fense. You can read hundreds of their dubbed him drunkard,__ Jackson, Johnson nevertheless had ideals wires and letters in the Library of Con­ One thing they consistently forgot: which he placed higher than party. Al­ gress today. It is no exaggeration to say Johnson was probably every inch as great though he perhaps would · have fiercely that we came ever so close to a second as any President we have ever had. Even denied it, fate proves that party .was but civil war during that trial. Only John­ Lincoln does not hold .peership over him a springboard toward his destiny. son's courage and coolness kept many for service to the Nation. His decisions were ever based on what well-meaning hotheads in check. Lincoln, whose place Johnson suc­ wa:s best for the masses, according to the Longfellow, in his poem The Spanish ceeded to, was the most ridiculed man in Constitution. "I am no party man, Student, wrote that, "Out of suffering our history. But for Booth's bullet, ·he bound by no party platform, and will vote cometh strength." would undoubtedly have been mentally as I please," he once thundered out in If that be true, then we have the secret torn to pieces by the 'radicals in Congress the Senat'e, while opposing Federal aid of Johnson's strength, for no man in our in his reconstruction program. Assassi­ to the Pacific Railroad. whole history ever suffered inore for this nation, however, made him a legendary It w.as this liberalism of Johnson and country than did he. That suffering was figure, and even his enei:nies were hushed his refusal to be moved o:r sw_ay~d by sec­ not the agony of a day or a month. It by the Nation's grief. · tionalism which created· so many ene­ lasted for years, but never once .did his . There is every indica.tion as w~ study mies for him. Then, too, the disbanding proud body falter before herculean odds; more intimate pages of history than fall of the old Whig Party brought scores of never once did he quail before mobs who to casual eyes, that many of Lincoln's his former political opponents into the sought his very life nor from treacherous policies were the result of Andrew John­ ranks of the Democrats· but this new groups who tried to steal his honor. son's infiuence. Lincoln was a lonely, alinement did riot reconcile them to him. No man has a right to judge Andrew John­ suspicious man, but he had a profound Poor. Andrew Johnson! Slated to don son in any respect who has not suffered as belief in Johnson. He knew he was above Lincoln's mantle, he was also destined by much and done as much as he for the Na­ price and almost fanatical in his respect fate to drink the bitter cup of hemlock tion's sake- for the Const.itutton. life would ~~ve ·· held ~P ~o Lincoln's"Ups 2256 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 13 had he lived to fight for his reconstruc­ 1808, in a humble cottage in Raleigh, contact with all the leading characters tion plan. N.C., dire poverty and wretchedness were of the impending tragic era, Johnson · The Great Emancipator's body was not his lot for many years. His father was learned to know Lincoln, Jefferson Davis yet cold before the radicals started their porter of an inn, his mother the maid of John Quincy Adams, Greeley, Yancey: campaign against his successor. His all work. and many others. His speeches of that body was not yet in the grave ere they At the age of 3 his father gave his life p~riod left much to be desired, but defi­ were scheming their villainous machina­ to rescue three prominent citizens from mtely the tailor of Greeneville was climb­ tions. drowning. That they were wealthy made ing up. Although many books have been writ­ no difference in the heroic struggle of To quote a historian of that period: ten on the causes behind the quarrel be­ Mrs. Johnson to keep herself and two tiny He had pleased his friends and disappointed tween Johnson and the radical group in sons alive. By 1822 the struggle became his enemies. Congress it is possible to boil it all down too much. • and young Andy, then 14, and his brother were bound out to a tailor. By now his name was known every­ to a few sentences. where. The North fought the Civil War on the Two years later he was a fugitive from theory no State had a right to secede justice, having run away from his master. Despite his lack of academic education from the Union. Neither Lincoln nor By March ·1827, after many bitter eco­ and a woefully inadequate vocabulary Johnson ever deviated in the slightest nomic ups and downs, he was established Johnson was gradually developing int~ from this theory. Reconstruction would in his own tailor shop in Greeneville, an orator of unusual power over crowds have been a simple thing had the radicals Tenn. Two months later he was married Unlike other speakers of that day h~ to the noble girl whose influence on his ~asted no time on buffoonery, ribald shared this view. All that was needed JOkes, or lofty rhetoric. was an application of the Golden Rule. life was to be as great as that ofi his mother on Lincoln. His speeches were based on the pres­ It was the viewpoint of the cabal the entation of facts, logic, and law. By Southern States had left the Union and Marriage was the making of Johnson. Not yet 22, he was rough, uneducated, reiteration, he made the humblest listener should now be treated as conquered ter­ grasp his meaning and believe him to be ritories. They must be made to don sack­ fiery, tactless, and inclined to bitterness cloth and ashes, be ruled by military gov­ toward those whom he recognized as be­ right. He was a terrible foe in debate. longing to a superior social strata. From He mortified his antagonists, crushed ernors, and their leaders be hanged for them, and made them flee. His argu­ treason. Also, there was the question of earliest manhood, his whole life was to be a fight for the lowly, underprivileged ments had the devastating effect of naval damages. The radicals demanded suf­ broadsides and few men ever dared to frage for all Negroes.. They alsc;> pro­ classes to whom he claimed proud alle­ giance. debate him the second time from the posed to break up the old plantations and same platform. · ~Iizabeth McCardle Johnson, his young present small farms to all the new voters. His fiery, haughty manner, his piercing That, in substance, was the casus belli bnde, taught him to read and write and fed his dreams. Soon his tailor shop black eyes, and fearless poise had a which led up to impeachment charges hypnotic effect on individuals and crowds. against the tailor President. became a mecca for those who liked a political argument. He joined an eve­ They sensed sincerity and divine purpose. Looking back today, it is very plainly But many of them resented his tactless­ to be seen that but for Andrew Johnson's ning debating class in a nearby college. A thirst for education burned in him like ness and blunt mannerisms. Of humor, bulldog courage and his unchangeable be­ he seemed to have little. Life was deadly lief in the sanctity of the Constitution, an all-consuming fire. He spent 50 cents a day from his tiny income to have read earnest to Andrew Johnson. this mighty Nation of ours today might October 1853 found Andrew Johnson easily have become a group of small coun­ to him as he worked the outstanding ora­ tions of famous Englishmen. GFlood Control, House of the Union. tary of the Navy to convey certain lands sit­ of Representatives, adopted April 13, 1938; to Mr. ROBINSON of Utah: Committee on uated in Duval and Brevard Counties, Fla., to the Committee on Flood Control. the Public Lands. H. R. 2685. A bill to the State of Florida for highway purposes; 342. A letter from the Secretary of War, authorize the disposition of recreational H. R. 2112. An act to amend the act of May transmitting a letter from the Chief of Engi­ . demonstration projects, and for other pur­ 4, 1898 (30 Stat. 380; U.S. C., title 34, sec. 21}, neers, United States Army, dated January 25, poses; with amendment (Rept. No. 248). as amended, to authorize the President to 1941, submitting a report, together with ac­ Referred to the Committee of the Whole - appoint additional acting assistant surgeons companying papers, on reexamination of House on the state of the Union. in time of national emergency; Arkansas River-drainage and levee district H. R. 2113. An act to authorize an exchange · No. 2, Conway County, Ark.-requested by Mr. ELLIOTT of California: Committee on of lands between the people of Puerto Rico resolution of the Committee on Flood Control the Public Lands. H. R. 3193. A bill validat­ and the United States; House of Representatives, adopted February ing certain conveyances heretofore made by . H . R. 2495. An act authorizing the State of 10, 1938; to the Committee on Flood Control. Central Pacific Railway Co., a -corporation, and Maryland, by and through its State roads 343. A letter from the Secretary of War, . its lessee, Southern Pacific Co., a corpora­ commission, or the successors of said com­ transmitting a letter from the Chief of Engi­ tion. involving certain portions of right-of­ mission, to construct, maintain, and operate neers, United States Army, dated January 25, way, in the city of Tracy, in the county of a free highway bridge across the Potomac 1941, submitting a report, together with ac­ San Joaquin, State of California, and in the River at or near Sandy Hook, Md., to a point companying papers, on a preliminary exami­ tqwn of Elk Grove, in the county of Sacra­ opposite in Virginia; nat ion of Bellows Pond and Canada Lake mento, State of California, acquired by Cen­ H. R. 2953. An act extending the provisions drainage area, Fulton County, N. Y., author­ tral Pacific Railway Co. under the act of of the act approved August 27, 1940, entitled ized by the Flood Control Acts approved Congress approved July 1, 1862 (12 ' Stat. L. "An act illcreasing the number of naval avi­ June 28, 1938, and August 11, 1939; to the 489) , ·as amended by the act of Congress ap- . at ors in the line of the Regular Navy and Committee on Flood Control. proved July 2, 1864 (13 Stat. L. 356}; without Marine Corps, and for other purposes"; 344. A letter from the Secretary of War, amendment (Rept. No. 249). Referred to the H. R. 3000. An act for the relief of Joseph transmitting a letter from the Chief of Engi­ Committee of the Whole House on the state S . Albis, Jr.; . neers, United States Army, dated ·January 31, of the Union. H. R. 3004. An act for the relief of John W. 1941, submitting a report, together with ac­ Mr. ELLIOTT of California: Joint Commit­ Young; companying papers, on reexaminat ion of tee on the Dispositio:n of Executive Papers. H. R. 3297. An act to amend the first para- · Wabash River in the vicinity of Hutsonville, House Report No. 250. Report on the dispo­ graph of section 22 of the act of February Dl., requested by resolution of the Committee sition of records by Committee on the Dis­ 23, 1931 (46 Stat. 1210}; and on Flood Control, House of Representatives, position of Executive Papers; without amend­ H. J. Res. 60. Joint resolution to amend the adopted August 2, 1939; to the Committee on ment. Ordered to be printed. Internal Revenue Code, Flood Control. · Mr. BLOOM: Committee on Foreign M­ 345. A letter from the Acting Postmaster fairs. Senate Joint Resolution 7. Joint reso­ ADJOURNMENT General, transmitting a report of the facts lution affirming and approving nonrecogni­ and recommendation in the matter of the tion of the transfer of any geographic region Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I claim for credit of Martin F. Gettings, post­ in this hemisphere from one non-American move that the House do now adjourn. master at Rahway, N. J .; to the Committee power to another non-American power, and The motion was agreed to; accordingly on Claims. providing for consultation with other Ameri­ (at 5 o'clock and 17 minutes p. m.) the 346. A let~r from the Acting Secretary of can republics in the event that such transfer House adjourned until tomorrow, Friday, the Navy, transmitting the draft of a pro­ should appear likely; without amendment March 14, 1941, at 12 o'clock noon. posed bill to authorize the transportation of (Rept. No. 251}. Referred to the Committee dependents of Reserve and retired personnel of the Whole House on the state of the Union. ordered to extended active duty; to the Com­ Mr. STEAGALL: Committee on Banking COMMITTEE HEARINGS mit tee on Military Affairs. and Currency. S. 262. An act regulating the COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND 34 7. A letter from the Secretary of the warehousin~, storing, and reconcentration FOREIGN COMMERCE Treasury, transmitting the annual report for of cotton held by the Commodity Credit the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, of the Corporation; without amendment (Rept. No. - There will be a meeting of the Com­ Exchange Stabilization Fund; to the Com- 253) . Referred to the Committee of the m.ittee on Interstate and Foreign Com- , mittee on Ways and Means. Whole House on the state of the Union. 1941 CONGRESSIONAL 'RECORD-HOUSE. 2259 ' REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRI­ By Mr. MARCANTONIO: By Mr. ARENDS: . VATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H. R. 3994. A bill to proP,ibit discrimination H. R. 4003. A bill for the relief of Camp­ by any agency supported in whole or in part bell Holton & Co.; to the Committee on · · Under clause 2 of rule XIII, · with funds appropriated by the Congress Claims. Mr. BLOOM: ,Committee on Foreign Af­ of the United States of America, and to pro­ By Mr. ARNOLD: fairs. S. 706. An act for the relief of Blanche hibit . discrimination against persons em­ · H. R. 4004. A bill granting a pension to W. Stout; without amendment (Rept. No. ployed or seeking employment on Govern­ Arthur Garfield Carter; to the Committee on 252). Referred to the Committee of the ment contracts because of race, color, or World War Veterans' Legislation. Whole House. creed; to the Gommittee on the Judiciary. By Mr. CHAPMAN: By Mr. O'CONNOR: H. R. 4005. A bill for the relief of Grace · H. R. 3995. A bill imposing a manufactur­ Knight, administratrix of Herman B. Knight; CHANGE OF REFERENCE ers' excise tax, to provide revenue, to reduce to the Committee on Claims. property taxes, promote the general welfare, By Mr. DIES: · Under clause 2 of rule XXII, the Com­ and for other purposes; to the Committee . H. R. 4006. A bill for the relief of A. A. mittee on Pensions was dischl'trged from on Ways and Means. Martinez; to the Committee on Claims. By Mr. PETERSON of Georgia: By Mr. GAMBLE: the consideration of the bill