Florence County Comprehensive Plan Review
2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLES ______3
FIGURES ______6
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ______9
INTRODUCTION/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ______10 REEVALUATING AND UPDATING OF THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ______17
POPULATION ELEMENT ______19 POPULATION FIGURES AND ESTIMATES ______19 POPULATION DENSITY ______21 RURAL AND URBAN POPULATIONS ______22 ETHNIC AND GENDER COMPOSITION ______23 SOCIOECONOMIC DATA ______25 DISABLED POPULATION ______36 POPULATION PROJECTIONS ______37 GOALS AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES ______39
CULTURAL RESOURCES ELEMENT ______41 LIBRARIES AND MUSEUMS ______41 MUSEUMS ______43 RECREATIONAL FACILITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES ______44 PARKS AND RECREATION FACILITIES ______45 CULTURAL ATTRACTIONS AND SPECIAL EVENTS ______50 FESTIVALS ______55 EVENTS ______56 HISTORIC STRUCTURES AND SITES ______57 HISTORIC MILITARY EVENTS ______65 RELIGIOUS CENTERS ______66 SUMMARY ______66 GOALS AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES ______68
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NATURAL RESOURCES ELEMENT ______70 CLIMATE AND TOPOGRAPHY ______70 PRIME AGRICULTURE & FOREST LAND ______70 WATERSHEDS & WATER BODIES ______78 FLOODPLAINS ______90 FLOOD HAZARD AREAS ______90 THREATS TO NATURAL RESOURCES ______94 WATER QUANTITY ______94 WATER QUALITY ______95 PLANT/ANIMAL HABITATS & ENDANGERED SPECIES ______98 AIR QUALITY ______99 UNIQUE SCENIC VIEWS & RECREATION AREAS ______101 GOALS AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES ______106
HOUSING ELEMENT ______112
ECONOMIC ELEMENT ______137
COMMUNITY FACILITIES ELEMENT ______172
LAND USE ELEMENT ______207
TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT ______263
PRIORITY INVESTMENT ELEMENT ______338 APPENDIX A: Adjacent & Surveyed Florence County Jurisdictions ____ 353
APPENDIX B: Urban Hydrology Soil Classifications ______354 APPENDIX C: Ten Principles of Sustainable Development ______356 APPENDIX D: National Association of Home Builders Green Home Building Guidelines ______358 APPENDIX E: LEED Committees ______359 APPENDIX F: Land Use Classifications ______360 APPENDIX G: Zoning Districts Interpretations ______363
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APPENDIX H: Soils of Prime Farmland for Agriculture in Florence County ______365 APPENDIX I: Soils of Farmland of Statewide Importance in Florence County ______366
APPENDIX J: Forestry Land Conservation Tools ______367
APPENDIX K: Water Body Definitions ______368
APPENDIX L: Works Consulted ______369
TABLES Table 1 Florence County Population ...... 19 Table 2 Florence and Adjacent Counties Population Trends ...... 20 Table 3 Florence County and Municipalities Population by Percentages ...... 20 Table 4 Florence and Adjacent Counties Population Densities ...... 21 Table 5 Florence County and Municipalities Population Densities (2010) ...... 22 Table 6 Florence and Adjacent Counties Rural & Urban Population Percentages ...... 22 Table 7 Florence County and South Carolina Population by Race (2010) ...... 23 Table 8 Florence County and Municipalities Population by Gender Composition (2010) ...... 24 Table 9 Florence County Population by Age (2010) ...... 24 Table 10 Florence and Adjacent Counties Educational Attainment ...... 25 Table 11 Florence School District Graduation Rate 2007-2010 ...... 26 Table 12 Florence and Adjacent Counties Median Family Income (1989-2009) ...... 27 Table 13 Florence and Adjacent Counties Percentage of Population in Poverty (2010-2011) ...... 28 Table 14 Weighted Average Poverty Thresholds ...... 29 Table 15 SC 2010 Odds of Having Various chronic Diseases by Weight ...... 30 Table 16 Florence and Adjacent Counties 2007-2009 Adult Percentage Risk Factor by Race ...... 31 Table 17 SC Childhood Overweight/Obesity by Percentage, 2012 ...... 33 Table 18 Florence and Adjacent Counties of Low Income Obese Preschool Children ...... 34 Table 19 Florence and Adjacent Counties Mortality Rates ...... 36 Table 20 Florence County Disabled Population ...... 37 Table 21 Population Projections for Florence and Adjacent Counties ...... 37 Table 22 Libraries ...... 42 Table 23 Other Parks and Recreation Areas in Florence County ...... 50 Table 24 Florence County Events ...... 56 Table 25 Florence County Temperature Summary 1948 - 2011 ...... 70 Table 26 Florence County Precipitation Summary 1892 - 2011 ...... 70 Table 27 Florence and Adjacent Counties Farm Land (2007) ...... 71
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Table 28 Number and Size of Farms for Florence, Adjacent Couties (2002 & 2007) ...... 72 Table 29 Florence County Size and Number of Farms (2007) ...... 72 Table 30 Florence County Changes in Number and Acreage of Farms (1978 - 2007) ...... 73 Table 31 Florence County Soil Types ...... 75 Table 32 Florence County Active Mining Permits (2013) ...... 78 Table 33 Florence County Impaired Waters ...... 85 Table 34 Common Water Quality Indicators ...... 86 Table 35 Florence County Sites on the 2013 303(d) List for Mercury Contamination in Fish ...... 87 Table 36 Fish Consumption Advisories ...... 87 Table 37 Florence County Windshield Sampling ...... 93 Table 38 Florence County Endangered Plant and Animal Life ...... 98 Table 39 Housing Types for Florence and Adjacent Counties ...... 113 Table 40 2010 Urban and Rural Population Percentages ...... 114 Table 41 New Housing Units or Additions by Type Permitted for Florence County ...... 115 Table 42 Median Family Income for Florence and Adjacent Counties ...... 115 Table 43 Newly Registered Manufactured Homes in Florence County ...... 116 Table 44 2006-2016 Census Reported Manufactured Home Numbers ...... 116 Table 45 Housing Types for Florence County and Included Municipalities ...... 117 Table 46 Housing Age for Florence and Adjacent Counties ...... 118 Table 47 Equipment Characteristics for Occupied Housing Units for Florence and Adjacent Counties . 119 Table 48 Housing Age for Florence County and Included Municipalities ...... 120 Table 49 Equipment Characteristics for Occupied Housing Units- Florence County ...... 121 Table 50 Owner Versus Renter Occupancy for Florence and Adjacent Counties ...... 122 Table 51 Percentage of Occupied and Vacant Housing for Florence and Adjacent Counties ...... 123 Table 52 Percentage of Occupied and Owner-Occupied Housing within Florence County ...... 123 Table 53 Median Sales Prices and Total for Florence County and Adjacent Counties ...... 124 Table 54 Average Housing Costs, Median Family Income and Fair Market Rent ...... 125 Table 55 Low-Income Housing Limits for the Florence Area ...... 126 Table 56 Florence County Household by Income (2010) ...... 126 Table 57 Monthly Mortgage Payment for Site-Built Homes (Principal and Interest)...... 127 Table 58 Monthly Payments for Manufactured Homes (Principal and Interest) ...... 127 Table 59 Household Growth and Percentages for Florence and Adjacent Counties ...... 130 Table 60 Household Growth and Percentages for Florence County ...... 131 Table 61 Housing Complexes of the Housing Authority of Florence ...... 131 Table 62 Housing Complexes of the Lake City Housing Authority ...... 132 Table 63 Air Quality EPA Standards ...... 137 Table 64 Federal Government Expenditure by County Fiscal Year 2010(in thousands of dollars) ...... 138 Table 65 Southeastern U.S. Projections for 2030 ...... 138 Table 66 Percent of Population for Florence County, 1971-2030 ...... 139 Table 67 Population and Employment Growth Rates for Florence County, 1970-2030 ...... 139
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Table 68 Florence County: Age, Gender and Race Composition, 2014 ...... 139 Table 69 Annual Unemployment Rate (Unadjusted 2004-2014) ...... 140 Table 70 Labor force, Unemployment, and Unemployment Rate (%) for Florence and Adjacent ...... 140 Table 71 Employment Status by Gender for Florence County, 2010 ...... 142 Table 72 Employment Status by Race for Florence County, 2010 ...... 142 Table 73 Change in Median Family Income for Florence and Adjacent Counties, 2000-2006 ...... 143 Table 74 High School Education Attainment for Persons 18 yrs. And Over ...... 146 Table 75 College Education Attainment for Persons 18 yrs. And Over for Florence and Adjacent ...... 147 Table 76 Largest Employers in Florence County ...... 148 Table 77 FDIC Insured Institutions for Florence and Adjacent Counties ...... 149 Table 78 New and Existing Industry for Florence County, 1985-2004...... 150 Table 79 Daily Commuting To and From Florence County and Surround Areas ...... 150 Table 80 Commute Time for Florence and Adjacent Counties, 2010 ...... 153 Table 81 Percentage of Workers 16 Years and Over for Florence and Adjacent Counties ...... 154 Table 82 Cumulative Investments on Industry for Florence County, 2005-2008 ...... 156 Table 83 Migration for Florence and Adjaccent Counties ...... 157 Table 84 Employed Population 16 Years and Over for Florence County, 2014 ...... 158 Table 85 Payroll Employment Information for Florence County, 2001 ...... 159 Table 86 Projections of Employment Percentage by Type for Florence County, 1970-2030 ...... 160 Table 87 Location of Industrial Parks in Florence County ...... 160 Table 88 Agricultural Statistics for Florence and Adjacent Counties, 2007-2012 ...... 162 Table 89 Agricultural Statistics for Florence and Adjacent Counties, 2012 ...... 162 Table 90 Cash Receipts from Farm Marketing of Crops, Livestock, and Livestock Products in SC ...... 163 Table 91 Leading S.C. Commodities for Cash Receipts, 2014 ...... 164 Table 92 Roundwood Timber Output for Florence and Adjacent Counties, 2009 ...... 165 Table 93 Value of Timber Delivered to SC Mills, 2009 ...... 166 Table 94 Value of Timber Delivered to SC Mills, 2011 ...... 166 Table 95 Florence County Active Mining Permits, 2013 ...... 168 Table 96 County Libraries...... 173 Table 97 Florence County Area Park Facilities ...... 179 Table 98 School Statistics by District, 2014-2015 ...... 183 Table 99 Florence School District One Enrollment, 2012-2017 ...... 184 Table 100 Florence School District Two Enrollment, 2012-2017 ...... 185 Table 101 Florence School District Three Enrollment, 2012-2017 ...... 186 Table 102 Florence School District Four Enrollment, 2012-2017 ...... 186 Table 103 Florence School District Five Enrollment, 2012-2017 ...... 187 Table 104 Francis Marion University Enrollment, 2015-2016 ...... 187 Table 105 Florence-Darlington Technical College Enrollment, 2015-2016 ...... 188 Table 106 City of Florence Water Storage Capacity ...... 199 Table 107 Water Treatment Plants and Well Capacities for the City of Florence ...... 200
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Table 108 Convenience Centers ...... 203 Table 109 Additional Used Motor Oil Collection Sites ...... 204 Table 110 Crash Locations Ranked by Crash Severity and Rate Quality Control Methods ...... 275 Table 111 Goals and Implmentation Strategies ...... 321 Table 112 Elements of Street Typology ...... 331 Table 113 Historic Accessed Value and Potential Bonding Capactiy ...... 337 Table 114 Current & Possible General Obligation & Local Hospitality Tax Bond Projects ...... 342 Table 115 Recent and Proposed Transportation Projects ...... 344 FIGURES Figure 1 Doctors Bruce and Lee Foundation Library ...... 41 Figure 2 Former Florence County Library ...... 42 Figure 3 Browntown Museum...... 44 Figure 4 The Florence Museum of Art, Science, and History ...... 44 Figure 5 Dr. Eddie Floyd Tennis Center ...... 45 Figure 6 Timrod Park ...... 49 Figure 7 Veterans Park ...... 50 Figure 8 Ronald E. McNair Memorial ...... 51 Figure 9 Pee Dee State Farmers Market: 100 Year Old Barn ...... 52 Figure 10 Florence Little Theatre ...... 53 Figure 11 Francis Marion Performing Arts Center ...... 54 Figure 12 W.T. Askins House ...... 57 Figure 13 Bonnie Shade ...... 58 Figure 14 Christ Episcopal Church ...... 58 Figure 15 Claussen House ...... 59 Figure 16 Florence National Cemetery ...... 59 Figure 17 Gregg-Wallace Farm Tenant House ...... 60 Figure 18 Hopewell Presbyterian Church ...... 60 Figure 19 Lake City Historic District ...... 60 Figure 20 Mt. Zion Rosenwald School ...... 61 Figure 21 The Columns...... 61 Figure 22 Poynor Junior High School ...... 62 Figure 23 Roseville Plantation ...... 62 Figure 24 Slave Houses of Gregg Plantation ...... 63 Figure 25 Smith-Cannon House ...... 63 Figure 26 U.S. Post Office (Former Location) ...... 64 Figure 27 Young Farm ...... 65 Figure 28 Florence County Farmland ...... 74 Figure 29 Florence County Soil Types ...... 75 Figure 30 Watershed of Eastern South Carolina ...... 79 Figure 31 Florence County Water Bodies ...... 79
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Figure 32 Carolina Bay ...... 83 Figure 33 Florence County Flood Zones ...... 91 Figure 34 Florence County Black Creek...... 92 Figure 35 Florence County Flood Damage Points ...... 93 Figure 36 Natural Water Cycle ...... 96 Figure 37 Impacts of Development ...... 96 Figure 38 Water Quality and Impervious Surface ...... 97 Figure 39 Lynches River County Park ...... 102 Figure 40 Jeffries Creek ...... 102 Figure 41 Florence Rail Trail ...... 103 Figure 42 Unemployment Percentages for Florence and Contiguous Counties, January 28 ...... 141 Figure 43 Median Family Income in the Pee Dee Region, 2009-2014 ...... 144 Figure 44 State Median Family Income by Family Size, 2006 ...... 145 Figure 45 Approximate Commute Time, Florence County (from intersection of I-20 & I-95) ...... 152 Figure 46 Locations of Florence County Industrial Parks ...... 161 Figure 47 The Florence Main Library ...... 172 Figure 48 Browntown Museum ...... 174 Figure 49 The Florence Museum of Art, Science, and History ...... 175 Figure 50 Florence Civic Center ...... 175 Figure 51 Florence Little Theater ...... 176 Figure 52 Francis Marion Performing Arts Center ...... 177 Figure 53 The Pee Dee State Farmer’s Market ...... 177 Figure 54 Florence Rail ...... 181 Figure 55 Florence Public School District Geography ...... 184 Figure 56 Francis Marion University ...... 187 Figure 57 Southeastern Institute of Manufacturing & Technology ...... 188 Figure 58 Florence Area Hurricane Evacuation Routes and Shelters ...... 193 Figure 59 McLeod Regional Medical Center ...... 197 Figure 60 Carolinas Hospital ...... 197 Figure 61 City of Florence Surface Water Treatment Plant ...... 200 Figure 62 Florence County Hydric Soil ...... 209 Figure 63 Florence County Residential Building Permits ...... 218 Figure 64 Residential (yellow) and Variable Residential (organge) Designations ...... 219 Figure 65 Florence County Farmland ...... 220 Figure 66 Rural Preservation Future Land Use ...... 221 Figure 67 Extent of Commercial Future Land Use ...... 223 Figure 68 Location of Industrial Future Land Use ...... 224 Figure 69 Public Facility Future Land Use ...... 226 Figure 70 Areas Protected as Parks or with Conservation Easements ...... 228 Figure 71 Florence County Surface Water ...... 229
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Figure 72 Florence County 100-Year Floodplain and Wetlands ...... 232 Figure 73 Flood Hazard District Future Land Use ...... 232 Figure 74 Procedure to change the Land Use Plan ...... 236 Figure 75 Permitting Process for a Typical Development ...... 236 Figure 76 County Future Land Use ...... 242 Figure 77 Future Land Use in the Coward Area ...... 243 Figure 78 Future Land Use in the City of Florence-Map 1 ...... 244 Figure 79 Future Land Use in the City of Florence-Map 2 ...... 245 Figure 80 Future Land Use in the City of Florence-Map 3 ...... 246 Figure 81 Future Land use in the City of Florence-Map 4 ...... 247 Figure 82 Future Land Use in the City of Florence-Map5 ...... 248 Figure 83 Future Land Use in the Johnsonville Area ...... 249 Figure 84 Future Land Use in the Lake City Area ...... 250 Figure 85 Future Land Use in the Olanta Area ...... 251 Figure 86 Future Land Use in the Pamplico Area ...... 252 Figure 87 Future Land Use in the Quinby Area ...... 253 Figure 88 Future Land Use in the Scranton Area ...... 254 Figure 89 Future Land Use in the Timmonsville Area ...... 255 Figure 8-1 Functional Classification ...... 268 Figure 8-2 Laneage ...... 269 Figure 8-3 2007 Average Daily Traffic Volumes and Congested Corridors ...... 271 Figure 8-4 2035 Congested Corridors ...... 272 Figure 8-5 Roadway Recommendations ...... 277 Figure 8-6 Existing Fixed-Route Bus Service ...... 286 Figure 8-7 Freight Netweork ...... 291 Figure 8-8 Airports ...... 295 Figure 8-9 City of Florence Trail System ...... 301 Figure 8-10 Recommended Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities...... 303 Figure 8-11 Traffic Cameras in Florence ...... 311 Figure 8-12 Evacuation Routes and Shelters ...... 313 Figure 102 Future Project Locations ...... 343 Figure 103 Past Investment Zones ...... 346 Figure 104 Future Priority Investment Zones ...... 348
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Florence County Planning staff would like to thank the following persons, who generously committed their time, knowledge and dedication to the people of Florence County, for which this Comprehensive Plan serves as a guideline for the future. The following listed persons have been involved with the Comprehensive Plan Steering Committee, and/or are members of the Florence County Planning Commission and County Council:
Comprehensive Plan Committee J. Shawn Brashear Edward Zayas, Jr. Debi Matthews Renee Proctor John Newman, Planning Consultant Heather Garrison
Planning Commission Karon Epps (District 1) Cheryl Floyd, (District 5) Vice Chairman Jeffrey M. Tanner (District 2) Dwight Johnson (District 6) Doris Lockhart (District 3) Allie Brooks ( District7) Mark Fountain (District 4) Jody B. Lane, (District 8)Chairman
Linda Borgman (District 9) Ted Greene, III (Municipal Appointee)
County Council Kent C. Caudle, (District 5) Jason M. Springs (District 1) Chairman Roger M. Poston (District 2) H. Steven DeBerry, III (District 6) Waymon Mumford, (District 7) Alphonso Bradley (District 3) Secretary/Chaplain Mitchell Kirby (District 4) James T. Schofield (District 8) Willard Dorriety, Jr. , (District 9) Vice Chairman
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INTRODUCTION/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Florence County Comprehensive Plan is a tool to help guide investors, developers, as well as political decision-makers and the general public in determining the future composition of Florence County for the next 10 to 20 years. The Plan provides this guidance by outlining goals and implementation strategies developed with a public review process. Although the Comprehensive Plan is a non-binding guideline document, it is legally required under the South Carolina Local Government Comprehensive Planning Enabling Act of 1994. This Act established the framework of the planning process to prepare and periodically revise the comprehensive plan. When the plan, any element, amendment, extension or addition is completed, the following steps must be taken in accord with the South Carolina Code of Laws Sections 6-29-520 and 6-29-530: 1. Resolution. By majority vote of the entire membership, the Planning Commission must adopt a resolution recommending the plan or element to the governing body for adoption. The resolution must refer explicitly to maps and other descriptive material intended by the Commission to form the recommended plan. 2. Minutes. The resolution must be recorded in the official minutes of the Planning Commission. 3. Recommendation. A copy of the recommended comprehensive plan or element must be sent to the local governing body being requested to adopt the plan. In addition, a copy must be sent to all other legislative or administrative agencies affected by the plan. 4. Hearing. Before adopting the recommended plan, the governing body must hold a public hearing after publishing at least 30 days notice of the time and place of the hearing in a general circulation newspaper in the community. 5. Ordinance. The governing body must adopt the comprehensive e plan or element by Ordinance. (S.C. Code § 6-29-530) The governing body cannot approve the plan on final reading of the Ordinance until the Planning Commission has recommended the plan.
SC Code of Laws: SECTION 6-29-520. Advisory committees; notice of meetings; recommendations by resolution; transmittal of recommended plan.
A. In the preparation or periodic updating of any or all planning elements for the jurisdiction, the planning commission may use advisory committees with membership from both the planning commission or other public involvement mechanisms and other resource people not members of the planning commission. If the local government maintains a list of groups that have registered an interest in being informed of proceedings related to planning, notice of meetings must be mailed to these groups. B. Recommendation of the plan or any element, amendment, extension, or addition must be by resolution of the planning commission, carried by the affirmative votes of at least a majority of the entire membership. The resolution must refer expressly to maps and other descriptive matter intended by the planning commission to form the whole or element of the recommended plan and the action taken must be recorded in its official minutes of the planning commission. A copy of the recommended plan or element of it must be transmitted to the appropriate governing authorities and to all other legislative and administrative agencies affected by the plan.
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C. In satisfying the preparation and periodic updating of the required planning elements, the planning commission shall review and consider, and may recommend by reference, plans prepared by other agencies which the planning commission considers to meet the requirements of this article.
SECTION 6-29-530. Adoption of plan or elements; public hearing.
The local planning commission may recommend to the appropriate governing body and the body may adopt the plan as a whole by a single ordinance or elements of the plan by successive ordinances. The elements shall correspond with the major geographical sections or divisions of the planning area or with functional subdivisions of the subject matter of the comprehensive plan, or both. Before adoption of an element or a plan as a whole, the governing authority shall hold a public hearing on it after not less than thirty days' notice of the time and place of the hearings has been given in a newspaper having general circulation in the jurisdiction.
It is the responsibility of the local governments within Florence County to recognize conditions as they change, analyze the cause and beneficially adjust to change. Each of the nine elements of the Florence County Comprehensive Plan, although addressed separately, is inter-reliant and relative to the other elements to formulate a well-balanced comprehensive plan. The required nine elements are:
Population element Cultural Resources Element Natural Resources Element Housing Element Economic Element Community Facilities Element Land Use Element Transportation Element Priority Investment Element
This Comprehensive Plan is a nine-element review of Florence County’s previously adopted Comprehensive Plan. The previously adopted Comprehensive Plan was adopted one element at a time, with the final element adopted in 2012. All elements of the Comprehensive Plan will represent the Florence County Planning Commission’s recommendations to the Florence County Council with regard to wise and efficient use of public funds, future growth, development, redevelopment and the fiscal impact of the elements on property owners {S.C. Code § 6-29-510(E)}
The planning process for each required element in the Florence County Comprehensive Plan must include, but is not limited to the following:
1. Inventory of existing conditions. The inventory entails a description, or assessment of conditions that exist relating to the particular planning element. 2. A statement of needs and goals. Identifying those needs that are lacking and setting short to long-range goals to correct or adjust conditions for the betterment of the community.
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3. Implementation strategies with time frames. Specific objectives, steps and strategies to accomplish addressing community needs, to include time frames for actions and persons or organizations responsible for the actions.
Listed below are the nine elements and a brief introduction of each:
1. Population Element. Florence County has nine incorporated municipalities and many other communities which are well-established in the eyes of local residents. The Population Element is difficult to accurately predict and impossible to control because there is so much cause and effect that attracts or deters population. The benefits of growth must be carefully weighed in balance with the essential services and facilities required to sustain the needs of the county’s current and future population. This element serves to show where County growth is expected to occur and what services will be needed in those areas to support a growing population.
This element provides information and analyses regarding various aspects of the demographics of the community including existing population levels and ethnic composition, socioeconomic and health aspects of the population, age group analyses, educational attainment levels of the residents, housing characteristics and general income information. This Element also includes population projections through 2030, which allow for appropriate planning based on the projected growth of the County. The goal of this element is to identify the population factors associated with communities in Florence County and to identify aspects of the County that may be impacted through planning efforts.
2. Cultural Resources Element. The Florence County area has a variety of cultural resources ranging in several categories. Cultural resources may include any natural or man-made sites, events, activities, historic structures or sites and phenomena that are identified with the community and have general social significance. Cultural resources are usually associated with the fine arts and the humanities and are generally considered to have some educational, recreational, historic or religious value. Cultural resources help to shape the image of the community, enhance opportunities for local community interaction and present opportunities for visitors.
The goal of the Cultural Resources Element is to show where the County excels in culture and where additional resources may be needed to support a growing population. Preserving and expanding Florence County’s cultural resources is a major factor in sustaining the continuous growth of the county by fostering the desire to live, work and visit Florence County. It serves to show where the County excels in culture and where additional resources may be needed to support a growing population. The cultural resources presently within the Florence County community include: Libraries and Museums; Recreational Facilities and Opportunities; Cultural Attractions and Special Events; Unique Districts; Historic Structures and Sites; Historic Military Events; and
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Religious Centers
3. Natural Resources Element. Florence County is located in the Coastal Plain region of the East coast and has a variety of natural features and resources that contribute to the quality of life experienced by its residents. Among them are fertile soil, a number of surface water streams, climatic conditions suitable for extended agrarian activities and an abundance of forested areas that enrich the County’s recreation amenities, community facilities and industrial opportunities. Florence County has a total of 803.5 square miles of land area. Of these 803.05 square miles, 3.84 are covered by water according to the SC Statistical Abstract. Forest areas and watercourses surround the County on nearly every side, including the Great Pee Dee River that borders Florence County along its eastern side and the Lynches River that runs directly through Florence County ending as it converges with the Great Pee Dee River in the City of Johnsonville. In addition to these rivers, a host of other features compose the natural resources within the total area of Florence County including fertile soil, wetlands, swamps, bays and many naturally scenic areas.
An analysis and inventory of the natural resources of the County is necessary to effectively and productively plan for growth and development. While identifying and recognizing these resources, the Natural Resources Element will not only provide information about such resources, but also discuss goals for protection and sustainment. By attempting to preserve, maintain and improve our natural resources, many facets of our community can be enhanced including social, economic, health and cultural aspects.
The conservation of natural resources coupled with the understanding of our ecosystems will ensure that future development has a reduced impact on our natural resources with attention given to location, engineering and design.
The following informational topics are analyzed in this element:
Prime Agriculture & Forest Land; Soil Types; Water & Wetlands; Flood Hazard Areas; Mining; Plant/Animal Habitats & Endangered Species; Air Quality; Climate and Topography/Slope Characteristics; and Unique Scenic Views and Recreation Areas.
4. Housing Element. Variations in housing demand and conditions can be affected by changes in both the overall population of Florence County and the income of that population. While both are related to the economic growth of the area, income levels can influence housing availability in addition to the type and location of housing. As Florence County has become more recognized in its role as the economic, industrial and urban hub of the Pee Dee region, housing may experience even greater changes.
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In order to fully describe the housing in Florence County and develop a vision of direction, the Housing Element includes an analysis of existing housing and a projection of future needs. This element considers location, type, age, condition, ownership status and affordability. In addition, this element includes projections of future housing needs that reflect a growing population.
5. Economic Element. The importance of economic development is quite basic. It is about residents and business owners working together to maintain a strong economy and quality of life. This objective is accomplished by creating, attracting and retaining desirable jobs that will provide a good standard of living. For example, when personal income is increased, the tax base increases which allows a broader level of public services. The well-being of a community is enhanced by a balanced and healthy economy.
Florence County is significantly affected by transformations in the economy due to evolving technology, a growing global market and the increasing level of education in the workforce. Education is a basic factor in achieving the best results for the economy. Computer literacy is critical in the market today due to the sophistication of machinery as well as a means of communication. Overall, industry businesses are encouraged to relocate to Florence County which in turn provides growth to the County’s economy.
Florence County offers businesses a wide range of transportation options. The CSX Railroad has a major local switching yard and offers a direct rail service to two major seaports: Charleston, S.C. and Wilmington, N.C. The Florence Regional Airport offers commercial connections daily to major southeastern and international hub airports in Charlotte and Atlanta. Furthermore, the interstate highway system, including I-95 and I-20, services the entire County with future road widening projects funded by a one-cent capital project sales tax.
The Economic Element examines the characteristics of the local economy including the available workforce and industry. This element provides a baseline analysis of the current economic condition for the County and offers goals for an economic policy. This element provides statistical data and trends pertaining to the following:
Historical trends and projections regarding the numbers and characteristics of the labor force; Where the people who live in the community work; Where people who work in the community reside; Employment sectors and trends; and The manufacturing/industrial base and future potential.
6. Community Facilities Element. Community facilities are services available to all inhabitants of Florence County to meet the day-to-day needs of the community and to promote quality of life for the community. In order to be effective, these facilities or services must meet current demand while maintaining adequate resources for future growth and development. A well- maintained street network, long-term availability of public utilities, environmental protection, recreational opportunities and balanced growth are subjects considered in producing this element.
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A current inventory of facilities or services throughout Florence County available for its residents is a main focus of the Community Facilities Element. This inventory provides a benchmark to evaluate proposed level of service standards. The inventory of existing facilities also may be used to indicate those services needing maintenance, repair, rehabilitation or replacement. The provision of routine maintenance and rehabilitation of these facilities is necessary to reduce the need for a more expensive replacement, which causes economic disruption, inconvenience and dangers to public health and safety. The current facilities or services provided to the community include:
Libraries and Museums; Civic, Arts and Market Venues; Parks and Recreation Facilities; Educational Facilities; Communications; Transportation; Public Health and Safety; Medical Facilities; Electric and Gas Supply; Water and Wasterwater Treatment; Solid Waste Management.
7. Land Use Element. The Land Use Element emphasizes sustainability and prudence as the priority objectives with the main goal of creating harmony and efficiency as we utilize our manufactured and natural infrastructure. Manufactured and natural infrastructures and services include roads, rivers, water, sewer, open space, police and fire protection which are necessary to support the County’s current and future population. To maintain a healthy community while providing quality services for Florence County residents, businesses and visitors, a diversity of land uses should be provided. These land uses include a variety of residential densities along with commercial, industrial, schools, parks, a flood hazard district and other community components. The goal of this element is to categorize land uses in a geographic manner to increase the quality of life for Florence County residents while preserving the County’s natural resources.
In order to plan for the future, this plan compiles existing land uses, recent development activity and future plans. This information is them compared to natural impediments such as water bodies and existing uses. The vision is to guide urbanized and suburbanized growth to close proximity to public infrastructure. This element represents a compilation of community expectations for future development while balancing the need to control the County tax burden, protection of natural resources and increasing residents’ and visitors’ quality of life.
This plan is a flexible document based upon the knowledge and information presented to and by various stakeholders at the time it was drafted and approved. This plan is not designed to create barriers and impediments to reasonable land use by creating artificial boundaries and unnecessary restrictions on citizens’ use of property.
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8. Transportation Element. Transportation encompasses a diverse system of travel modes including air, rail, road, water and pipeline. Transportation is a broad field that impacts every facet of life. When evaluating transportation systems or needs, the system has three facets divided into infrastructure, vehicles and operations.
Infrastructure for the various transportation modes may consist of the fixed installations necessary for travel like roads, railways, waterways, canals and pipelines. Terminals that facilitate transportation such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, refueling depots and seaports are also considered part of the transportation infrastructure. Transportation is essential for mobility and commerce. It is important that the infrastructure adequately accommodates the existing range and volume of use, while making provisions for future demand.
Vehicles traveling on these networks may include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people, aircraft and watercraft. Volumes of liquids and gases or units of electricity can be considered more abstract versions of vehicles when they travel through pipelines and distribution lines.
Operations focus on the way vehicles function within the transportation network, primary examples of this are traffic flow, signalization, queuing theory and traffic congestion. Factors that determine how this system operates depend on financing, legalities and policies. In the transportation industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private. Compared with other states, the South Carolina Department of Transportation maintains a higher percentage of primary and secondary roads, with local governments responsible for less than 40 percent of these facilities. Rail lines, electrical lines and pipelines are primarily owned and maintained privately.
Florence County has a robust multi-modal transportation network. Two interstate highways, nine primary US and state routes compliment a Class I rail line that connects to the Wilmington and Charleston ports as well as a regional commercial airport with service to Atlanta and Charlotte. Recreation and alternative transportation are served through a well-developed trails system such as the Rail Trail, Lynches River Scenic Trail and the Timmonsville Greenway.
This element is a framework for strategic growth of the transportation network pulling together all elements of the Comprehensive Plan. Transportation and associated operations play important roles in economic development, environmental and land use decisions. The goal and objectives of this document are intended to maintain transportation as an asset increasing in availability and effectiveness for the citizens of Florence County. It establishes existing conditions and potential improvements for the movement of people, goods and vehicles throughout the county. Multi-modal concepts in this document attempt to coordinate a broad spectrum of transportation including freight, transit, bicycle and pedestrians.
9. Priority Investment Element. In 2007, the South Carolina Priority Investment Act was signed into law. According to a guide published by the SC American Planning Association “The intent of the Act is to preserve and enhance quality of life […]by better planning and coordination of public infrastructure decisions and by encouraging the development of affordable housing and
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traditional neighborhood development” (TND). The Act allows local governments to identify Priority Investment Zones where market-based incentives may be made available or to relax or eliminate nonessential housing regulatory requirements in order to encourage these types of designs. The Priority Investment element is the ninth element required by the S.C. Comprehensive Planning Act of the State Code of Laws (Article 3 Section 6-29-510 (D)(9)).
This Priority Investment Element will highlight historical fiscal sources of federal, state and local funding for public infrastructure and facilities from the past five years and analyze potential sources and possible projects for the next ten years. This element is developed in concert with adjacent and relevant jurisdictions and agencies including counties, municipalities, public service districts and other public entities that are affected by or have planning authority over a public project identified in the element.
The goals and strategies in this element will serve to effectively guide resource development, foster a sound and stable financial standing for the community, promote the County’s ability to attract additional state, federal and private funding and to evaluate long term strategies.
The Florence County budget supports a variety of services that increase quality of life including law enforcement, zoning, emergency management, emergency medical services, judicial services, library and museum resources, recreational opportunities, road improvements, and a myriad of unfunded State mandates. This element will show how these services will be supported and how future public needs may be reduced if scattered development is minimized to focus growth where infrastructure and services are available or planned for the future. This element is developed in alliance with adjacent and relevant jurisdictions and agencies including counties, municipalities, public service districts and other public entities that are affected by or have planning authority over a public project identified in the element. The goals and strategies in this element will serve to effectively guide resource development, foster a sound and stable financial standing for the community, promote the county’s ability to attract additional state, federal and private funding and to evaluate long term strategies.
REEVALUATING AND UPDATING OF THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN When conditions warrant, particular elements of the Comprehensive Plan, or the overall plan itself, must be subject to review to maintain the validity of the plan. Changes in the growth or direction of development taking place in the community may indicate a review is necessary. Re-evaluation of the comprehensive plan may be triggered by any substantial physical, environmental, social, or economic changes that occur, oftentimes changes that are unanticipated or unforeseeable. As revisions to the plan are considered, it is important to make necessary amendments to the capital improvements plan and any other ordinances based on the plan to insure conformity to the plan.
This is the first review since the Priority Invest Element was completed in 2012. The South Carolina Local Government Comprehensive Planning Enabling Act of 1994 requires the entire comprehensive plan to be reviewed or re-evaluated at least every five years and updated at least every ten years. The following are the basic updates made to the previously adopted Florence County Comprehensive Plan:
1. Revised document layout to comprise the specifics regarding each element on a main Introduction/Executive Summary page at the beginning of the document.
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2. Replaced individual cover sheets and table of contents pages for each element with one at the beginning of the document for easier comprehension. 3. Eliminated the Administrative Procedures and outlined the procedures for adopting the Comprehensive Plan or amendments as outlined in the Comprehensive Plan Enabling Act of 1994 and the South Carolina Code of Laws Sections 6-29-520 and 6-29-530 in the Introduction/Executive Summary section of this plan. 4. Updated some of the statistical information provided by the 2010 U.S. Census in each element. 5. Removed statistical information if it was no longer available at original references or internet sites and could not be located elsewhere. 6. Consolidated repetitive information within each element.
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POPULATION ELEMENT
POPULATION FIGURES AND ESTIMATES In 1888, the South Carolina General Assembly created the "County of Florence", encompassing the towns of Timmonsville, Coward, and Lake City with the Town of Florence as its county seat. Two years later, the "City of Florence" was incorporated. In 1890, the Census showed the population of Florence County to be slightly over 25,000. Since that time, the population has continued to grow and today is over 135,000. The table below represents the Census data for the last 120 years, which shows positive, though intermittent, growth each decade for the County.
Table 1 Florence County Population PERCENT CHANGE FROM PREVIOUS CENSUS YEAR TOTAL COUNTY POPULATION CENSUS YEAR 1890 25,027 N/A 1900 28,474 13.77% 1910 35,671 25.27% 1920 50,406 41.30% 1930 61,027 21.07% 1940 70,582 15.65% 1950 79,710 12.93% 1960 84,438 5.93% 1970 89,636 6.15% 1980 110,163 22.90% 1990 114,344 3.79% 2000 125,761 9.98% 2010 136,885 8.84% Source: US Census Bureau, 2010
The overall population of the County since it was established has been fluctuating in terms of growth rate; however, the population has been on a consistent pattern of increase. The largest rate of growth occurred between 1910 and 1920, when the population grew by 41.3%. Since 1890, the population of Florence County has grown over 447% to 136,885 residents in 2010.
The table below gives the population trends of the Pee Dee Counties since 1950. With the exceptions of Florence and Sumter Counties, sustained growth rates have been less than 50% for the adjacent counties. Darlington County has grown 37.3% since 1950. In contrast, Florence County exhibited a 71.7% increase in population over the 1950 to 2010 period, ranking second only to Sumter, which experienced an 86.4% increase. The other adjacent counties demonstrated either a relatively flat growth rate over the same period or no growth at all as indicated by Census information. Lee, Marion, Marlboro, and Williamsburg Counties have all experienced a decline in population since 1950. These areas are primarily rural, and the decline in population is most likely attributed to the movement of residents from rural areas to more urbanized ones. The disproportionate growth of Florence County in
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comparison to the most of the other Pee Dee area counties may indicate that Florence County serves the function of a destination point for residents moving to the region.
Table 2 Florence and Adjacent Counties Population Trends % CHANGE COUNTY 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 1950-2010 Florence 79,710 84,438 89,636 110,163 114,344 125,761 136,885 71.7% Clarendon 32,215 29,490 25,604 27,464 28,450 35,502 34,971 8.5% Darlington 50,516 52,928 53,442 62,717 61,851 67,394 68,681 37.3% Dillon 30,930 30,584 28,838 31,083 29,114 30,722 32,062 3.6% Lee 23,173 21,832 18,323 18,929 18,437 20,119 19,220 -17.0% Marion 33,110 32,014 30,270 34,179 33,899 35,466 33,062 -.14% Marlboro 31,766 28,529 27,151 31,634 29,361 28,818 28,933 -8.9% Sumter 57,634 74,941 79,425 88,243 102,367 104,646 107,456 86.4% Williamsburg 43,807 40,932 34,243 38,226 36,815 37,217 34,423 -21.4% Source: US Census Bureau, 2010
Within Florence County, the total population is comprised of the individual populations of the nine municipalities and the population of the non-incorporated area. The distribution of the County population by municipalities and unincorporated areas is given in the table below. Although two of the nine municipalities listed are not currently participating in the Consolidated Planning arrangement, they are shown in this Element for illustrative purposes. These municipalities are Coward and Lake City. It is noteworthy that Lake City does currently have an agreement with Florence County to provide building services.
Table 3 Florence County and Municipalities Population by Percentages 2000 % OF 2010 % OF % CHANGE JURISDICTION POPULATION COUNTY POPULATION COUNTY 2000-2010 Florence County 125,761 100.0% 136,885 100.0% +8.85% Unincorporated 81,116 64.5% 84,949 62.4% +4.73% City of Florence 30,248 24.1% 37,056 27.1% +22.51% Johnsonville 1,418 1.1% 1,480 1.1% +4.37% Lake City 6,478 5.2% 6,675 4.9% +3.04% Coward 650 0.5% 752 0.5% +15.69% Olanta 613 0.5% 563 0.4% -8.16% Pamplico 1,139 0.9% 1,226 0.9% +7.64% Quinby 842 0.7% 932 0.7% +10.69% Scranton 942 0.8% 932 0.7% -1.06% Timmonsville 2,315 1.9% 2,320 1.6% +0.22% Source: US Census Bureau, 2000 & 2010
The City of Florence is shown above as the major urban area of the County, with over 35,000 residents. This population is over four times as large as the next largest municipality. However, over 60% of the population resides within an unincorporated area. The lesser populated municipalities of Coward, Olanta, Quinby, Pamplico and Scranton have individual population percentages which are less than one Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 20
percent (1%) of the total County population in both 2000 and 2010. Comparing theses lesser populated municipalities; the Town of Coward has experienced the greatest percentage of growth over the last 10 years at 15.69%. Overall, the County’s population has increased 8.85% since 2000, resulting in an additional 11,124 residents. The population of the unincorporated areas of the County represents 62.4% of the total population. These areas of the County are not specific, within the census dates provided, to any particular geographic section of the County and therefore may not be particularly informative in terms of providing population distribution information. The upcoming information provided for Census Tracts may more accurately display population across the County.
The nine incorporated municipalities in Florence County show significant diversity in terms of current population levels, when compared with one another for the 2010 Census. The municipalities that reported populations of less than 1,000 residents are Scranton, Quinby, Coward and Olanta. Those with populations between 1,000 and 2,000 residents are Johnsonville and Pamplico. Timmonsville is the only municipality with a population level between 2,000 and 5,000 residents, while Lake City’s population is the range between 5,000 and 10,000. The largest jurisdiction in the County is the City of Florence with a population level greater than 35,000 residents.
POPULATION DENSITY When compared to other South Carolina counties, Florence ranks 12th in the State in population density, meaning that there are 11 counties that are more densely populated. Population density is given in terms of the number of residents per unit of land area. Based on the 2010 Census, Florence County is spread over 799.96 square miles and has a population density of 171.3 persons. This means that there are 171.3 persons per square mile in Florence County. Moreover, the comparison below shows that Florence County has the highest population density among adjacent counties. A comparison of the Florence County density figure with those of the other Pee Dee Counties is given in the table below.
Table 4 Florence and Adjacent Counties Population Densities COUNTY POPULATION LAND AREA PERSONS PER SQUARE MILE Florence 136,885 799.21 171.3 Sumter 107,456 665.46 161.5 Darlington 68,681 562.06 122.2 Dillon 32,062 404.88 79.2 Marion 33,062 489.10 67.6 Marlboro 28,933 479.72 60.3 Clarendon 34,971 607.25 57.6 Lee 19,220 410.33 46.8 Williamsburg 34,423 934.00 36.9 Source: SC Statistical Abstract & US Census Bureau, 2010
Population densities for the municipalities and unincorporated areas of Florence County are given in the table below. The densities shown are much higher due to smaller jurisdictional sizes and the tendency for people to live in more urban, incorporated areas. In addition, lot sizes are generally smaller in the
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incorporated towns and cities, which would typically reflect higher densities for residential areas than in the more rural, unincorporated areas. Table 5 Florence County and Municipalities Population Densities (2010) JURISIDICTION POPULATION LAND AREA PERSONS PER SQ. MILE Florence County 136,885 799.21 171.3 Unincorporated Areas 99,829 764.25 130.6 City of Florence 37,056 17.70 2093.6 City of Johnsonville 1,480 1.52 973.7 City of Lake City 6,675 4.75 1405.3 Coward 752 3.6 208.9 Olanta 563 1.01 557.4 Pamplico 1,226 1.9 646.3 Quinby 932 1.1 847.3 Scranton 932 0.8 1165* Timmonsville 2,320 2.58 899.2 Sources: SC Statistical Abstract, 2010 & US Census Bureau, 2010 (*This number reflects how many residents would reside in 1 square mile. However, the Town of Scranton is only 0.8 sq. mi. Therefore, the entire population lives in that area.)
As shown in the table above, higher densities are not necessarily associated with the largest cities and towns. While the City of Florence is the largest municipality in the County in terms of land area, the table shows that the town with the smallest land area (Scranton) also has a density which is estimated to be greater than all but two of the incorporated places in the County. The City of Florence and Lake City have the highest number of persons per square mile at 2093.6 and 1405.3 respectively.
RURAL AND URBAN POPULATIONS The distinction between rural and urban areas of Florence County is important, because the needs for residents in rural and urban areas differ based on a variety of factors such as transportation, work, and general living patterns. According to the 2010 Census, 38.5% of residents in Florence County reside in rural areas. The entire state of South Carolina is 33.7% rural. The table below shows the percentage changes in the rural population of Florence County compared to the same changes in adjacent counties and the state since 2000. Table 6 Florence and Adjacent Counties Rural & Urban Population Percentages APRIL 1, 2010 PERCENT CHANGE COUNTY URBAN RURAL 2000-2010 TOTAL NUMBER PERCENT NUMBER PERCENT URBAN RURAL Florence 136,885 84,159 61.5 52,726 38.5 15.4 -0.2 Clarendon 34,971 4,998 14.3 29,973 85.7 4.7 8.1 Darlington 68,681 29,008 42.2 39,673 57.8 -5.1 7.8 Dillon 32,062 9,777 30.5 22,285 69.5 -7.3 10.4 Lee 19,220 5,391 28.0 13,829 72.0 43.1 -15.4 Marion 33,062 12,976 39.2 20,086 60.8 -7.7 -6.1 Marlboro 28,933 13,006 45.0 15,927 55.0 -14.5 17.1 Sumter 107,456 73,107 68.0 34,349 32.0 12.5 -13.5 Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 22
Williamsburg 34,423 6,218 18.1 28,205 81.9 10.3 -10.7 South Carolina 4,625,364 3,067,809 66.3 1,557,555 33.7 26.4 -1.7 Source: SC Statistical Abstract, 2010 As shown in the table above, the percentages in Florence and Sumter Counties have a lower rural population and therefore a larger urban population than the adjacent counties. However, the urban population of Florence is still slightly less than that of the State. Florence and Sumter Counties were the only counties demonstrating urban populations greater than 50%. The table indicates that the majority of counties in the Pee Dee are slowly becoming more urban.
It is possible for the rural population to increase significantly without a major conversion of rural areas into urban areas. The general urban definition is based upon those defined localities with populations of at least 2,500 persons or 1,000 persons per square mile in density. The numeric distinction of rural and urban populations may conceal the fact that some areas identified as urban may not have the traditional services and cultural resources normally associated with urban areas. This may present some unique social and public service issues as traditional rural areas are confronted with density and service use issues generally thought to be found in cities.
ETHNIC AND GENDER COMPOSITION Racial Composition Understanding the racial composition of the Florence County population allows for better planning and utilization of services which are relevant to the overall well-being and representation of all people within the County. The table below indicates the racial composition of Florence County and South Carolina has been predominantly persons of White and Black or African American racial identification. Based on the 2010 Census, Florence County’s population was 54.8% White, 41.2% Black or African American making up 96% of the population. South Carolina’s population reflects 66.1% White and 27.9% African American or 94% of the total composition.
Table 7 Florence County and South Carolina Population by Race (2010) 2010 FLORENCE COUNTY SOUTH CAROLINA White 75,116 3,060,000 African American 56,506 1,290,684 Asian 1,671 59,051 American Indian and Alaska Native 464 19,524 Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander 23 2,706 Other 1,548 113,464 Identified By Two or More 1,557 79,935
2010 Florence County South Carolina Hispanic or Latino 3,030 235,681 Non Hispanic or Latino 133,855 4,389,682 Source: US Census Bureau, 2010
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The table above identifies .02% of Florence County’s population as being Hispanic while .05% of the total population of South Carolina is Hispanic.
Gender Composition Data on gender distribution throughout Florence County and the municipalities therein is given in the table below. Overall, the County has a female population larger than the male population. All of the ten municipalities reflect a greater percentage of females in their populations than males. Moreover, while the female component was about 53% of the total County population for 2010, this is in line with the state and the nation.
Table 8 Florence County and Municipalities Population by Gender Composition (2010) NAME TOTAL POPULATION TOTAL FEMALE % FEMALE TOTAL MALE % MALE Florence County 136,885 72,566 53% 64,319 47% Unincorporated 99,829 44,264 44% 40,685 41% Coward 752 393 52% 359 48% Florence 37,056 20,193 54% 16,863 46% Johnsonville 1,480 776 52% 704 48% Lake City 6,675 3,663 55% 3,012 45% Olanta 563 316 56% 247 44% Pamplico 1,226 671 55% 555 45% Quinby 932 487 52% 445 48% Scranton 932 520 56% 412 44% Timmonsville 2,320 1,283 55% 1,037 45% Source: US Census Bureau, 2010
Age In addition to race and gender, age factors may affect the demand for particular public services and provide information for planning infrastructure needs. For example, the age group under 18 may require daycare services and schools, the 65 and over age group may need a passive recreation area. Age group divisions for the Florence County population are shown in the table below.
Table 9 Florence County Population by Age (2010) NAME UNDER 18 18 & OVER 20 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 49 50 - 64 65 & OVER Florence County 33,700 103,185 9,580 17,062 27,577 27,289 18,017 Unincorporated 20,561 64,388 6,294 10,286 17,477 17,314 10,698 Coward 188 564 44 117 153 134 91 Florence 9,091 27,965 2,335 5,019 7,475 7,045 5,160 Johnsonville 391 1,089 70 166 282 311 213 Lake City 1,951 4,724 442 815 1,109 1,252 919 Olanta 136 427 29 62 90 114 120 Pamplico 357 869 75 129 213 236 172 Quinby 209 723 54 78 167 225 184 Scranton 219 713 52 112 181 168 175
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Timmonsville 597 1,723 185 278 430 490 285 Source: US Census Bureau, 2010
The information on age groups is helpful in determining the number of facilities that are needed to meet specific demands in the community, such as schools and recreation facilities.
As more of the demographic age group known as the “baby boomers”, age 42 to 60, move into becoming senior citizens, age 65 and over, local governments can expect an increase in the percentage of persons over age 65 (US Census Bureau). Based on the 2010 Census, there are 18,017 individuals in Florence County that are over the age of 65. By 2030, the number of individuals in Florence County over the age of 65 is expected to increase to over 31,000. This is an increase of over 100% in the next 25 years. Therefore, special emphasis should be placed on planning and providing the amenities necessary to support an aging population, as well as other growing areas of the population.
SOCIOECONOMIC DATA Education The education level of a population is an important factor that affects the quality of family life, community health, and the stability and growth of the economy. Education is the vehicle that promotes community growth. Those individuals with higher education levels tend to earn higher salaries and thus demand quality housing and services, which will likely have a direct impact on land use and development. Furthermore, post-high school education is an indicator of the community’s preparation to attract and support industry and cultural opportunities. The education level of the population for persons 25 and over in Florence County and adjacent Counties is given in the table below. The table below indicates a five year estimate from 2007 through 2011.
Table 10 Florence and Adjacent Counties Educational Attainment LESS SOME TOTAL IN 9TH - 12TH HIGH GRAD. OR THAN COLLEGE ASSOC. BACH. COUNTY AGE GRADE NO SCHOOL PROF. 9TH NO DEGREE DEGREE GROUP DIPLOMA DEGREE DEGREE GRADE DEGREE Florence 89,291 6,025 10,366 30,730 16,406 7,435 11,504 6,825 Clarendon 23,300 1,747 3,897 9,220 3,751 1,571 2,076 1,038 Darlington 45,785 3,630 6,291 16,939 8,287 3,393 5,083 2,162 Dillon 20,339 2,561 4,048 7,866 2,966 1,310 1,051 537 Lee 12,951 1,560 2,611 4,876 1,919 949 571 465 Marion 22,323 1,655 2,766 9,935 3,471 1,664 2,041 791 Marlboro 20,108 2,144 4,284 8,006 3,171 742 1,205 556 Sumter 67,927 3,940 8,727 21,725 15,335 6,132 7,701 4,367 Williamsburg 23,447 2,321 2,877 10,353 3,800 1,457 1,547 1,092 South Carolina 3,031,432 175,249 322,450 936,992 608,707 254,468 473,655 259,911 Sources: US Census Bureau, 2010 & American Fact Finder 2007-2011
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It is noteworthy that since 2007, six of the seven high schools in Florence County have experienced an increased graduation rate. Hannah-Pamplico in district two experienced the only decline. In 2007, Florence County experienced a 72.5% graduation rate, compared to 78.2% in 2010.
Table 11 Florence School District Graduation Rate 2007-2010 2007 2008 2009 2010 DISTRICT SCHOOL GRADUATION GRADUATION GRADUATION GRADUATION RATE RATE RATE RATE FLORENCE 1 South Florence High School 71.6 74.9 78.6 74.1 FLORENCE 1 Wilson Senior High School 60.3 62.7 44.7 76.9 FLORENCE 1 West Florence High School 71.7 72.4 70.4 73.7 FLORENCE 2 Hannah-Pamplico High School 84.4 82.1 79.2 71.0 FLORENCE 3 Lake City High School 69.9 81.1 69.2 84.7 FLORENCE 4 Timmonsville High School 76.6 74.2 75.0 82.4 FLORENCE 5 Johnsonville High School 72.8 79.8 83.1 84.8 Source: SC Department of Education Office of Research and Data Analysis
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Income The income level of residents of a county or municipality is an indicator of economic prosperity. The median family income levels for Florence County and adjacent Counties are given in the table below.
Table 12 Florence and Adjacent Counties Median Family Income (1989-2009) JURISDICTION MEDIAN FAMILY MEDIAN FAMILY MEDIAN FAMILY % CHANGE 1989- INCOME 1989 INCOME 1999 INCOME 2009 2009 Florence $28,718 $41,274 $50,200 74.8% Clarendon $21,207 $33,951 $42,300 99.4% Darlington $26,754 $37,662 $47,600 77.9% Dillon $22,144 $32,690 $40,700 83.7% Lee $22,201 $34,209 $42,600 91.8% Marion $21,873 $32,932 $41,000 87.4% Marlboro $22,231 $32,019 $39,800 79.0% Sumter $25,683 $38,970 $47,600 85.3% Williamsburg $21,985 $30,379 $37,200 69.2% South Carolina $30,797 $44,227 $55,000 78.5% Sources: SC Statistical Abstract and SC Budget and Control Board, Office of Research and Statistics
Florence County is shown as having the highest median family income in the Pee Dee region at $50,200, which also ranks Florence County 24th out of the 46 South Carolina counties. Therefore, these salaries not only indicate that Florence County is the region’s economic leader, but also show that there is still room for regional and statewide improvement. The median family income for the State of South Carolina in 2009 was $55,000, which is $4,800 higher than that of Florence County. Florence County is expected to improve but they are not expected to meet or surpass the State average.
Poverty According to the 2010 Census, by definition, the poverty level identifies individuals and families that do not receive an adequate income amount to provide basic living necessities. In 2011, there were 20 states with a poverty rate greater than 16% including South Carolina. The most recent Census information from 2010 indicates that over 20% of Florence County’s population is living below the poverty level. The picture for the remaining counties in the Pee Dee is not much better. While more recent statistics are not yet available, the table below gives the poverty levels and percentages for the State and the Pee Dee counties in both 2010 and 2011, and the percentage of change.
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Table 13 Florence and Adjacent Counties Percentage of Population in Poverty (2010-2011) # IN POVERTY % IN POVERTY # IN % IN POVERTY % CHANGE COUNTY 2010 2010 POVERTY 2011 2010-2011 2011 Florence 29,054 21.7% 28,655 21.3% -1.4% Clarendon 9,247 27.8% 7,569 22.9% -18.1% Darlington 15,571 23.2% 15,988 23.9% 2.7% Dillon 8,302 26.2% 10,286 32.9% 23.9% Lee 4,670 27.1% 5,186 30.4% 11.0% Marion 9,657 29.5% 10,295 31.6% 6.6% Marlboro 8,464 33.1% 8,191 32.5% -3.2% Sumter 21,875 20.9% 18,429 17.6% -15.8% Williamsburg 10,583 32.2% 10,062 30.9% -4.9% Source: SC Statistical Abstract, 2010
Compared to the State percentage, all of the Pee Dee counties reflect a higher figure for poverty within their populations. In South Carolina, there are 20 counties with poverty percentages greater than 20%. Seven of these counties are located in the Pee Dee. This appears to be a regional condition that may require the cooperation of the Pee Dee Counties and municipalities, as well as state level support, to address the larger socioeconomic implications of this problem.
The poverty thresholds are updated each year by the Census Bureau. The thresholds are used mainly for statistical purposes; for example, preparing the estimates of the number of Americans in poverty for each year's poverty report. The measure was devised to define and quantify poverty in America, and thereby provide a yardstick for progress or regress in antipoverty efforts, and in that sense has served the nation well.
Values of the poverty thresholds for the years since 1980 for families of different sizes are available on the Census Bureau's website. The most recent values of the poverty thresholds are provided in the table below. This information was released in September, 2013 and reflects the year 2012. For example, a four-person family with two adults and two children is poor with annual cash income below $23,492.
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Table 14 Weighted Average Poverty Thresholds One person (unrelated individual) $11 720 Under age 65 $11,945 Age 65 or older $11,011 Two people $14,937 Householder under age 65 $15,450 Householder age 65 or older $13,892 Three people $18,284 Four people $23,492 Five people $27,827 Six people $31,471 Seven people $35,743 Eight people $39,688 Nine people or more $47,297 Source: US Census Bureau, 2010 Health In March, 2014, in an effort to provide information about planning and public health to cities and counties in South Carolina, The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, (SCDHEC) and Eat Smart Move More South Carolina, (ESMMSC), prepared the South Carolina Health + Planning Toolkit; A Healthy Eating and Active Living Policy Guide. While the focus of this toolkit focuses on comprehensive plans, it can also be used more broadly to help develop public policy related to planning and public health for a wide range of planning projects. Mr. John Newman, Consultant, received a state grant to assist cities and counties to include a Health section in their Comprehensive Plan. The Florence County Comprehensive Plan has added this section and included health related information in other elements as applicable as provided by Mr. Newman.
Definition of overweight and Obese The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines overweight as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9 pounds per square inch. Obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 30. Simply stated, BMI is the relationship of a person’s height to their weight.
Physical Activity Recommendations The US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) physical activity recommendation is that adults should engage in at least 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) a week of moderate-intensity, or 75 minutes (1 hour and 15 minutes) a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity or a combination of the moderate and vigorous-intensity physical activity. DHHS also recommends that adults engage in muscle-strengthening activities that are moderate or high-intensity and involve all major muscle groups on two or more days per week. 32.7% of Florence County adults engaged in no leisure time (outside of work) physical activity.
Dietary Recommendations The DHHS recommended fruit and vegetable consumption is 2+ fruits and 3+ vegetables daily. 76.6% of Florence County adults do not meet these dietary recommendations.
The United States has the highest obesity rates in the developed world (behind four tiny Pacific island nations). In 2014, SC ranked 10th in the nation for obese adults; 31.7% have a Body Mass Index (BMI) of Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 29
30 or greater (Trust for America's Health and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation). South Carolina ranks 7th in the nation for overall (all ages) obesity. Robert Woods Johnson 2015 data reports that 37% of Florence County adults are obese - making Florence County among the 8th highest rank of SC counties in adult obesity. Obesity among Florence County adults increased by 5.6 percentage points in five years. The 2015 overall state of South Carolina adult obesity rate is 31%. Obesity disproportionately affects certain racial and ethnic minorities, residents of rural areas and those with low socioeconomic status. Risk factors for obesity include physical inactivity and improper nutrition.
Obesity and Chronic Disease Obesity is associated with more than 30 major diseases. Obesity can lead to such health risks as elevated cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep apnea, orthopedic complications, mental health problems, coronary heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer (such as endometrial, breast, prostate, and colon), and arthritis. (U.S. Surgeon General). According to the SCDHEC data, compared to those of normal weight, obese individuals have 90% higher risk of having coronary heart disease and 40% higher risk of having a heart attack.
According to SCDHEC statistics, compared to normal/recommended weight status, overweight South Carolina individuals have: 50 percent higher odds of having a heart attack 30 percent higher odds of having arthritis 80 percent higher odds of having CHD Odds of having diabetes that are 2.4 times the odds of individuals of recommended weight status
Compared to normal/recommended weight status, obese South Carolina individuals have: 40 percent higher odds of having a heart attack 60 percent higher odds of having arthritis 90 percent higher odds of having CHD Odds of having diabetes that are 5.6 times the odds of individuals of recommended weight status Table 15 SC 2010 Odds of Having Various chronic Diseases by Weight
6.0 5.6 5.0
4.0 2.4 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.0 3.0
Arthritis CHD Diabetes Heart Attack 0.0 Overweight vs. Normal Obese vs. Normal
Source: 2011 SC Obesity Burden Report/John Newman
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According to the SCDHEC in 2015, 31.4% of Florence County adults were considered obese. The SCDHEC 2010 data indicated that 57.2% of Florence County adults were not meeting the recommended physical activity and 86% were not eating the recommended fruits and vegetables. Comparably, the data for South Carolina adults regarding the percentages above were 30.3%, 54.6% and 82.6%.
Mr. Newman also provided the following disease related data obtained from the SCDHEC for Florence County residents: In 2011, 14.4% of Florence County residents had diabetes; In 2012, diabetes was the 7th highest cause of death as well as in the state of South Carolina; In 201, 478 emergency room visits were directly related to diabetes; In 2012, heart disease was the number one cause of death; In 2012, 89 Florence County Residents died of stroke. South Carolina was the 8th highest state in prevalence of stroke. Stroke was the 4th leading cause of death in South Carolina; In 2012, cerebrovascular disease (which includes stroke) was the 3rd highest cause of death.
Obesity Burden Disparities The 2011 South Carolina Obesity Burden Report (SCDHEC/ESMMSC) records a disparity in the burden of obesity and the severity of related health conditions among different population groups. Whereas obesity is of national health concern in the general population, research has shown that persons within certain population sectors are more susceptible than others to this health problem: Ethnic and racial minorities Mentally and physically disabled persons Residents of rural areas
Health Power for Minorities, or Health Power, a national minority health improvement organization, reports that among the most frequent minority health issues in Florence are: heart disease (or cardiovascular disease), diabetes, obesity (or overweight and obesity), hypertension (or high blood pressure) and HIV/AIDS. The table below is provided by the SCDHEC.
Table 16 Florence and Adjacent Counties 2007-2009 Adult Percentage Risk Factor by Race COUNTY WHITE BLACK FLORENCE Obese 24.9 33.5 Not meeting recommended physical 63.3 55.9 Activity Not eating recommended fruits and 82.5 81.9 Vegetables CLARENDON Obese 33.7 51.0 Not meeting recommended physical 59.5 53.4 Activity Not eating recommended fruits and 75.7 79.3 Vegetables DARLINGTON
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Obese 23.2 41.4 Not meeting recommended physical 63.6 59.2 Activity Not eating recommended fruits and 85.2 81.4 Vegetables DILLON Obese 31.3 43.2 Not meeting recommended physical 76.1 52.0 Activity Not eating recommended fruits and 87.9 80.0 Vegetables LEE Obese 36.3 40.5 Not meeting recommended physical 45.8 68.9 Activity Not eating recommended fruits and 85.0 81.9 Vegetables MARION Obese 19.7 48.2 Not meeting recommended physical 53.9 77.6 Activity Not eating recommended fruits and 85.5 77.4 Vegetables MARLBORO Obese 40.6 46.1 Not meeting recommended physical 55.2 62.4 Activity Not eating recommended fruits and 85.6 82.8 Vegetables SUMTER Obese 27.8 39.5 Not meeting recommended physical 56.5 63.0 Activity Not eating recommended fruits and 80.0 77.1 Vegetables WILLIAMSBURG Obese 42.9 47.9 Not meeting recommended physical 59.8 67.5 Activity Not eating recommended fruits and 90.9 84.7 Vegetables Source: South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control/John Newman
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Childhood Obesity The CDC reports that childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and tripled in adolescents in the past 30 years. The percentage of children age 6 to 11 who were obese increased from 7% in 1980 to nearly 18% in 2010 and the percentage of adolescents age 12 to 19 who were obese increased from 5% to 18% over the same period. In 2010, more than one third of US children and adolescents were overweight or obese. For children ages 10-17, South Carolina ranked 22nd most obese state in 2010, with 15.3% of children in this age group being obese.
Children who are obese have immediate risk factors for cardiovascular disease and are more likely to have high blood glucose levels, indicating a high risk for developing diabetes. They are also more likely to have bone and joint problems, sleep apnea, and social and psychological problems. Long term health effects of childhood obesity include increased risk for many types of cancer, osteoarthritis and stroke.
A 2009 US Department of Agriculture (USDA) study reported the obesity rate of low-income preschool (ages 3-5) children in Florence County at 15.3%. Even at a very early age, childhood obesity may be a precursor to a lifetime of poor health. The 2011/2012 National Survey for Children’s Health conducted by the center for Disease control (CDC) reports that 39.2 % of South Carolina children ages 11-17 were overweight or obese – the 3rd highest state in the US. The table below breaks out specific age groups.
Table 17 SC Childhood Overweight/Obesity by Percentage, 2012 AGE GROUPS OVERWEIGHT OBESE 2 - 4 8.2 21.0 5 - 10 17.4 23.1 11 - 13 18.4 20.7 14 - 17 15.4 15.1 Preschool --- 21.3 Elementary 15.5 24.0 Middle School 22.1 17.7 High School 14.6 15.7 Not in School 13.0 19.5 Source: SCDHEC Children Health Assessment Survey
The table below shows the 2009 percentage data of low income preschool obese children for Florence and adjacent counties. This data was obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
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Table 18 Florence and Adjacent Counties of Low Income Obese Preschool Children COUNTY PERCENTAGE Florence 15.3 Clarendon 13.6 Darlington 13.0 Dillon 14.3 Lee 10.6 Marion 15.3 Marlboro 13.6 Sumter 11.2 Williamsburg 13.7 Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2009
Chronic Disease and Obesity Prevention According to Eat Smart, Move More South Carolina, healthy eating can play a major role in the prevention of many chronic diseases. These diseases include cancer, cardiovascular disease (e.g. congestive heart failure, hypertension, stroke), diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders (e.g. diverticular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, hemorrhoids), and osteoporosis. A healthy diet that is well-balanced and varied reduces the risk for all of these diseases. Physical activity is a protective factor against overweight and obesity. According to the U.S. Surgeon General, adults can obtain significant health benefits by including moderate physical activity on most days of the week. Engaging in regular physical activity is one of the most important steps to reduce risk for chronic disease, build physical and mental health and prevent overweight and obesity.
The citizens of Florence County are aware of the health impacts of chronic disease on the County and understand the connections with obesity/overweight, poor nutrition, and lack of exercise with their health. Community Health Needs Assessments (CHNA) include surveys conducted on the population at large as well as stakeholder interviews of community leaders which include health care providers, elected and appointed officials, business leaders, etc. The McLeod Regional Medical Center conducted the CHNA for Florence County in 2013. All of the community top health concerns were related to obesity and the chronic diseases related to obesity, poor diet, and lack of physical activity. The top three community leaders’ health concerns were related to obesity, diet, and physical activity.
Top Community Health Concerns: Heart Disease Obesity Cancer Hypertension Diabetes Stroke
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Top Community Leader Concerns: Obesity, Heart Disease, Diabetes, and Sedentary Lifestyle Health Care education for children with the goal of preventing obesity Public Education for the community, including prevention, nutrition, and healthy living Mental Health and Substance Abuse Public Areas such as Parks and Downtown may need improved security to encourage use
HEALTHY EATING AND ACTIVE LIVING ORGANIZATIONS Eat Smart Move More South Carolina Options for Action In October of 2014, SCDHEC announced a five-year Obesity Action Plan. The mission of the plan is: “to educate, engage, and mobilize partners to help make the healthy choice the easy choice for South Carolinians. The state plan aims to build on the success of current efforts and offers new strategies to reduce obesity rates in the Palmetto State.” The plan focuses on strategies in four main areas to reduce and prevent obesity: Communities Worksites Healthcare Schools and Child Care For more information and to review the plan, see www.scaledown.org.
Eat Smart Move More South Carolina (ESMMSC) has developed Options for Action (OFA), the how-to guide for implementing the SC Obesity State Plan on the local level. OFA provides tools for planning and implementing best practices for healthy eating, active living, and obesity prevention through the four South Carolina Obesity Action Plan program areas and also includes the faith communities.
South Carolina School Health The SCDHEC serves as an intermediary for the Alliance for a Healthier Generation Healthy Schools Program, a national program founded by the American Heart Association and the Clinton Foundation. Together, SCDHEC and the Alliance’s Healthy Schools Program are working towards the goal of reducing the burden of childhood obesity by promoting proven-successful interventions that school districts and schools can use to create healthy, sustainable learning environments.
“We know that creating a healthy school food environment is critically important in S.C., which has the second highest obesity rate in the United States for youth ages 10-17.” ESMMSC
Mortality The mortality rate is a measure of the number of deaths occurring in a community over a specific period of time. Although, death is a naturally occurring event and all communities will reflect some measure of mortality, relatively high mortality rates may indicate distressed health, social, or living conditions of a particular community. The mortality rates as reported by South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) for each County is given in terms of number of deaths per 1,000 residents. Mortality rates for Florence County and its neighbors are given in the table below.
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Table 19 Florence and Adjacent Counties Mortality Rates COUNTY NUMBER OF DEATHS MORTALITY RATE STATE RANKING Florence 1425 10.4 12th Clarendon 386 11.0 32nd Darlington 787 11.5 19th Dillon 358 11.2 34th Lee 203 10.6 42nd Marion 408 12.3 30th Marlboro 306 10.6 36th Sumter 1001 9.3 17th Williamsburg 396 11.5 31st Source: SC Department of Health and Environmental Control, 2010
The table above shows that Florence County had a mortality rate of 10.4 in 2010. This rate indicates that approximately 10.4 residents died for every 1,000 residents in the County during 2010. Thus, with a State mortality rate of 9.0, Florence County is above the State as a whole. Florence County ranked 12th, indicating that our mortality rate is better than only 11 counties in South Carolina. Greenville County ranked the highest (48th) with a mortality rate of 10.6. Of the adjacent counties, Lee ranked best (42nd) with a rate of 10.6. In contrast, in 2010, there were 1,788 live births in Florence County. Therefore, in 2010, there were more births than deaths in Florence County.
The mortality rate in Florence County may be affected by the availability, quality, and level of health care received by residents, as well as congenital health conditions and lifestyle decisions of residents. The information provided through studies of the incidents of death within a community may be helpful in identifying factors that can be controlled and may reduce the area’s mortality rate.
DISABLED POPULATION
The American Community Survey is a mandatory, ongoing statistical survey that samples a small percentage of the population every year giving communities the information they need to plan investments and services. Information from the survey generates data that help determine how more than $400 billion in federal and state funds are distributed each year to communities. The data collected from the American Community Survey is an important part of the U.S. Census Bureau.
The 2010 Census does not provide the decennial long-form statistical information on the disabled population. As an alternative, the American Community Survey estimated statistical data is used. The table below reflects the estimated disability statistics for Florence County and South Carolina for 2008- 2010. Self-care difficulty is defined as having a need for public assistance for one or more activities of daily living such as dressing, bathing, or getting around inside the home. Independent living difficulty is defined as having difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping due to a physical, mental, or emotional problem.
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Table 20 Florence County Disabled Population Ages 18-64 Ages 65 and Over With an With a With a With an Total Independent Total Area Selfcare Selfcare Independent Persons Living Persons Difficulty Difficulty Living Difficulty Difficulty Florence 84,442 1.5% 3.5% 16,785 9.2% 16.4% County
South 2,808,431 2.2% 4.3% 597,910 9.6% 17.6% Carolina Source: US Census Bureau, 2010
Self-care difficulty is defined as having a need for public assistance for one or more activities of daily living such as dressing, bathing, or getting around inside the home. Independent living difficulty is defined as having difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping due to a physical, mental, or emotional problem.
POPULATION PROJECTIONS Population projections are estimates of the future population level based on current trends and other available indicators of change for a particular community. Population projections are planning tools which should be adjusted periodically to reflect new information affecting the community’s future population. The table below gives population projections for Florence and adjacent counties in ten year increments beginning in 2000, with the 2000 figures being Census counts.
Table 21 Population Projections for Florence and Adjacent Counties CENSUS CENSUS PROJECTION PROJECTION PROJECTION PROJECTION COUNTY 2000 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Florence 125,761 136,885 140,000 143,100 147,000 150,900 Clarendon 32,502 34,971 35,600 36,300 37,400 38,600 Darlington 67,394 68,681 69,000 69,300 69,900 70,500 Dillon 30,722 32,062 32,400 32,800 33,100 33,400 Lee 20,119 19,220 19,000 18,800 18,700 18,600 Marion 35,466 33,062 32,500 32,000 31,900 31,800 Marlboro 28,818 28,933 29,000 29,000 29,100 29,200 Sumter 104,646 107,456 108,200 108,900 109,200 109,500 Williamsburg 37,217 34,423 33,800 33,100 33,000 32,900 S.C. 4,012,012 4,625,364 4,823,200 5,020,800 5,235,500 5,451,700 Sources: US Census Bureau, 2010 S.C., Department of Health and Environmental Control, and SC Budget and Control Board Office of Research & Statistics
The population of Florence County is expected to increase by an average of approximately 3.0% every five years through 2030. The projected growth of the State is similar in nature to the projected growth
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of Florence County. It is also noteworthy that of the Pee Dee Counties, Florence is projected to experience the largest percentage of growth at 19.9%.
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GOALS AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES GOAL 1 Accommodate the growing population by providing the appropriate infrastructure and facilities.
Implementation Strategy: By 2030, the population of Florence County is expected to increase by almost 30,000 residents, or 23.7%. Therefore, the County must ensure that necessary resources are provided, while continuing to protect green areas and natural resources. Special attention must be paid to the Land Use Element in order to accommodate additional residents.
Time Frame: 25 years
GOAL 2 Reduce the number of families and individuals that are currently living in poverty by 10%.
Implementation Strategy: Improve educational attainment, provide affordable housing, and continued economic development.
Time Frame: 5 years
GOAL 3 Improve the accessibility of countywide facilities for disabled persons.
Implementation Strategy: Florence County and its municipalities should continue to upgrade facilities for compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The County continues to work with DOJ on continued compliance.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 4 Reduce the mortality rate in Florence County.
Implementation Strategy: In order to reduce deaths in Florence County, residents should be educated on living a healthy, active lifestyle, residents should be provided with walking/biking trails, and road conditions throughout the County must be constantly improved to prevent traffic fatalities.
Time Frame: 10 years
GOAL 5 Plan for the senior citizens in the future by creating passive recreation facilities and better neighborhood designs that are close to those facilities that are utilized by the aging population.
Implementation Strategy: In order to better plan for the growing senior citizen population in Florence County, passive recreation areas should be created in areas where seniors are concentrated. Furthermore, special attention should be paid to developing nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and/or neighborhoods in areas near the facilities that are required and utilized by the senior citizens in Florence County.
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Time Frame: 10 years
GOAL 6 Promote healthy eating and active living policies: Healthy Eating policies must address the production, process, distribution, access, and consumption of foods that limit the risk of diet-related chronic disease Active Living policies promote a way of life that integrates physical activity, such as walking and biking, into daily routines
Implementation Strategies: Implement Options for Actions worksite strategies in all Florence County worksites Support ESMMSC healthy eating programs Support the development of the Florence County portions of the Francis Marion Trail Develop a consolidated, county-wide master greenway, bicycle, and pedestrian plan Support municipal pedestrian, trails, and bicycle plans
Time Frame: Continuous
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CULTURAL RESOURCES ELEMENT
LIBRARIES AND MUSEUMS
LIBRARIES Florence County has 12 libraries containing over 378,000 books and 250 computers, as well as hundreds of newspapers and periodicals. These libraries offer a variety of educational, research, and cultural opportunities through a vast number of printed volumes, periodicals, digests, magazines, and even some audio-visual items. The County also benefits from having the scholarly resources of the library at Francis Marion University in proximity to many residents.
The Florence County Library System is headquartered in the City of Florence at the Doctors Bruce and Lee Foundation Library and has five branch libraries located throughout the County. Additional libraries are found at our local higher education facilities. Florence-Darlington Technical College has a library on its main campus and a branch library in the downtown Florence campus. Francis Marion has a 77,000 square foot library on its campus. Although these collegiate libraries are open to the public, only students with school-specific ID cards can check out materials. Several libraries in our area have specialties such as the Family History Library at the Florence Ward of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, which provides information on Florence County families and access to the Genealogical Library in Salt Lake City, Utah. Also, the Health Science Library, located at McLeod Health, contains over 1000 online books and medical journals. It is most often used by the staff of the hospital, but it is open to the public. In addition, the Doctors Bruce and Lee Library, the James A. Rogers Library, and the Francis Marion Library all have South Carolina history sections. Moreover, the Doctors Bruce and Lee Library contains a South Carolina history room, which is named in honor of Eugene N. “Nick” Zeigler, local historian, attorney, and former SC legislator. The 82,000 square foot Doctors Bruce and Lee Foundation Library contains a 35 seat computer lab, a 200 seat meeting room, and access to 85 public Internet terminals. This facility was made possible in part through a generous gift of the Doctors Bruce and Lee Foundation. Figure 1 Doctors Bruce and Lee Foundation Library
Source: Florence County Library System
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Florence Public Library (Former Location) Henry Edwards Davis, a Williamsburg County native, prominent Florence attorney and member of the Florence Board of School Commissioners, was an early advocate of a public library in Florence and took the lead in generating public support for and raising funds for this library. As early as 1920 he urged the funding and construction of a public library in Florence to honor the veterans of the World War. This urging led to the library formally located at 319 South Irby Street. Built in 1925, the former location of the library was the first truly public library in Florence County. The library is also significant because it was designed by Wilkins and Hopkins, a local architectural firm owned by William J. Wilkins and Frank V. Hopkins. In 1903 the Florence Civic Improvement Society established a town library in City Hall on Evans Street. Miss Florence Harllee, for whom the City of Florence was named, served as librarian. However, it was not truly a public library, as it was restricted to patrons with a membership. It was listed in the National Register November 15, 2006.
With the opening of Doctors Bruce and Lee Foundation Library in 2005, the former Florence County library, located at 319 South Irby Street, was closed, and due to its age and architecture, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. This building was renovated to occupy Turner Padget Graham & Laney P.A. (Figure 2) During the renovation process, the 1978 addition to the back was removed restoring the building to the original state. However, a small addition was added to the rear for elevators and handicapped access. The square footage is now approximately 23,000 square feet. Historical renovation guidelines were followed to complete the interior and exterior appearance. Figure 2 Former Florence County Library
Source: http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/18738963.jpg
The table below is a listing of all libraries in Florence County, their location and approximate number or books and computers. Table 22 Libraries LIBRARY LOCATION BOOKS AND COMPUTERS* EBOOKS Drs. Bruce & Lee Library 509 S. Dargan St., Florence 243,289 159 Johnsonville Public Library 242 S. Georgetown Hwy., Johnsonville 28,520 19 Lake City Public Library 221 E. Main St., Lake City 48,973 34 Olanta Public Library 210 E. Hampton St., Olanta 20,014 19 Pamplico Public Library 100 E. Main St., Pamplico 21,996 22 Timmonsville Public Library 298 W. Smith St., Timmonsville 20,138 19 Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 42
Family History Center 600 Maynard Ave., Florence 150 3 Health Sciences Library McLeod Health 1,000 0 James A. Rogers Library Francis Marion University 409,190 50 Wellman, Inc., Segars and Florence Darlington Technical College 36,100 Computers Lake City Reference Libraries Labs Source: On-location library staff. *Represents an approximation of those available for public use
It is notable that currently there are no libraries in the municipalities of Coward, Scranton, and Quinby. However, Quinby’s close proximity to the City of Florence allows for adequate access to libraries. Scranton and Coward are less than three and seven miles, respectively, from the Lake City Public Library. Therefore, all residents in Florence County have adequate library access.
MUSEUMS Florence County’s vast cultural diversity and enthusiastic support of the fine arts are represented in an impressive series of museums, theaters, and a variety of performance venues. This section describes the museums in our area that have a variety of exhibits and attract a wide-range of interest.
The War Between the States Museum According to the website of the War Between the States Museum, you can “take a walk into the past and visit and experience the many artifacts, pictures and stories of a nation divided”. This museum was founded in September 1988 by members of the Pee Dee Rifles and Sons of Confederate Veterans who possessed Civil War artifacts that they wanted to share with the public. In September 1989, the museum moved to its present location at 107 South Guerry Street in Florence.
Railroad Museum The Railroad Museum consists of a restored caboose and boxcar filled with railroad memorabilia. This museum is located on Railroad Street adjacent to the Florence City-County Complex and is operated by the Florence Museum.
The Browntown Museum The Browntown Museum, located on Highway 341 between Lake City and Johnsonville, displays many indications of pioneering ingenuity and farm-related industry, including a notable cotton gin with wooden gears, which continued operating through the late 19th century. The site also contains a corn crib, smokehouse, outhouse, and the Brown-Burrows Home, built about 1845. The origin of Browntown can be traced to two brothers, Robert Brown (1784-1866) and William Brown (1775-1850), and their families. Their holdings comprised over 8,000 acres. The museum, which was erected by Three Rivers Historical Society in 1982, was added to the National Register of Historical Places on June 28, 1982.
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Figure 3 Browntown Museum
Source: Florence County Planning Department
The Florence Museum of Art, Science, and History Founded in 1924 and incorporated in 1936, The Florence Museum of Art, Science, and History “was established to promote the arts and sciences: to collect, to preserve, and to exhibit objects of historic, artistic, and scientific interest; as a cultural resource for the Pee Dee area”.
In 2008, the Florence County Museum Board was established and consists of 13 members that meet quarterly. They were given the mission to build a new museum facility. The old museum was located at the Sanborn Chase Home on Spruce St. in Florence but was closed in 2013 to prepare for the Museum’s new building location at 111 West Cheves St. in Florence. The facility opened October 11, 2014 and is almost 30,000 square feet of which approximately 11,000 square feet is exhibit space. The museum was funded by the Drs. Bruce and Lee Foundation, the State of South Carolina and Florence County.
The Florence Museum Board of Trustees consists of 27 members who are appointed by the membership of the Florence Museum at their annual meeting. Acquisitions and resource allocations are provided by this Board.
Figure 4 The Florence Museum of Art, Science, and History
Source: http://www.florencemuseum.org/press/
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES The sports facilities and recreational amenities in Florence County provide indoor and outdoor activities for residents of all ages. Recreational activities include hunting, fishing, boating, canoeing, kayaking,
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biking, and hiking. A variety of sporting activities exist and include golf, basketball, baseball, football, tennis, soccer, cheerleading, gymnastics, tumbling classes, and skateboarding. Many of these opportunities are described below.
PARKS AND RECREATION FACILITIES Florence is also home to many parks and recreation areas. These facilities, some county and municipality owned, are dispersed through the county and provide many opportunities for Florence County residents and visitors.
Dr. Eddie Floyd Tennis Center This center opened in July 2011 and is located at 1300 Jennie O-Bryan Parkway, Florence. It has 24 asphalt courts and 6 Hydro-Grid clay courts. The 5000 sq. ft. activity center includes a lounge area and student study area in addition to restrooms, locker rooms, meeting and office space. A pro shop is also available. A Tournament Calendar for the applicable year can be found on the City of Florence’s website. Figure 5 Dr. Eddie Floyd Tennis Center
Source: City of Florence
Florence County Parks & Leisure Facilities The following list was developed with assistance from the County of Florence Parks and Recreation department:
Coward Athletic Park Located at 3307 US Highway 52 in Coward, this park offers three baseball/softball fields and a community building.
Francis Marion Recreation Located at 2020 Sandpit Road in Quinby, this park offers four baseball fields, a picnic shelter, a playground, and a community building.
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Ebenezer Park Located at 843 South Ebenezer Road in Florence, this park has five tennis courts, a playground area, two picnic shelters, and a softball field.
Friendfield Located at 8590 Friendfield Road in Effingham, this park has a baseball/softball field.
Greenwood Athletic Park Located at 2711 Pamplico Highway in Florence, this park features four baseball fields, picnic shelter, and play equipment.
Hickory Hill Park Located at 221 Azalea Street in Johnsonville, this park has a playground and picnic shelter.
Lake City Community Park Located at 499 West Main Street, this park features a playground area, picnic shelter, walking trail, and fishing deck.
Lavern Ard Park Located at 479 East Sixth Street in Pamplico, this park offers four baseball fields, a picnic shelter, a playground area, and a community building.
Lynches River County Park This park is located on the banks of Lynches River and features a river swamp with towering cypress trees as well as sand hills offering a wide variety of vegetation. Its attractions include a playground, river fishing, canoeing, hiking, nature trails, cabins, canoe/kayak rentals, and picnicking. Cabin rentals, tent camping, or RV camping are available as well.
The park is located two miles off of Highway 52 off West Old #4 Highway in Florence County. The physical address is 5093 County Park Road, Coward, SC. The park also has an 11,000 square foot community building on its 668 acre location, which is popular for family gatherings, birthday parties, business meetings, wedding receptions, and other gatherings. This building is located at 5090 County Park Road, Coward, SC. In March of 2008, the park opened an Environmental Discovery Center located at 5094 County Park Road, Coward, SC. The intent of the center is to provide visitors an understanding of the ecosystems in the park from the view of the worm in the ground, to the bird’s eye view in the top of the trees. Exhibits at the center include: A tree top canopy walk A back lit topographic map of the park and river system Ability to view live weather data and historical trends measured at different locations around the center Expand your collection of rocks, insects, and other natural specimens by trading with the EDC at their nature lab trading area The Raven Exhibit software from Cornell Lab of Ornithology allows visitors to explore bird vocalizations through visualization
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GPS activities The park has a Ranger Station located at 1110 Ben Gause Road and a Park Office located at 902 Spine Road in Coward.
Mars Bluff Located at 601 Francis Marion Road in Florence, this park has a nature trail, a picnic shelter, a disc golf course, and a ¼ mile walking trail.
Olanta Athletic Park Located at 339 Welsh Street in Olanta, this park features two baseball/softball fields and a walking track.
Prospect Located at 2178 Lake City Highway in Johnsonville, this park has one softball field. Prosser Field Located at 224 North Chives Prosser Park Road in Johnsonville, this park features five baseball/softball fields, a community building picnic shelter, and a playground area.
St. Luke Park Located at 539 Chinaberry Road in Pamplico, this park has a softball field and a picnic shelter.
Savannah Grove Athletic Park Located at 2614 Alligator Road in Effingham, this park offers four baseball/softball fields, a picnic shelter, a basketball court, a playground, a volleyball court, and a walking track.
403 Athletic Park Located at 1005 Cale Yarborough Highway in Timmonsville, this park features three baseball/softball fields, a community building, a picnic shelter, and a playground area.
Quinby Recreation Complex This 9-acre complex provides a swimming pool, 2 lighted tennis courts, 1 ball field or soccer field, playground equipment and a covered picnic area. It is located at 100 Mitchell Lane off of Ashby Road in Quinby.
Brooks McCall Park Located at 2001 Mechanicsville Rd., Florence features a playground, outdoor shelter, and picnic area.
City of Florence Parks & Leisure Facilities The following information was obtained from the City of Florence Parks and Leisure website and from staff of the City of Florence Parks and Leisure department.
Barnes Street Activity Center This center is located at 513 Barnes Street and houses the Recreation Administrative Offices. It has open gym space, exercise equipment, after school homework center with computer room and activity space for teens and adults.
Freedom Florence Recreation Complex
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Freedom Florence is a 100 acre all-purpose recreation facility. The premier facility is designed to host various state, regional, and national level tournaments. It has 9 lighted baseball/softball fields, 4 multi- purpose football/soccer fields, an 11,600 square foot Gymnastics Center, a 5 acre lake, picnic areas and shelters, and walking trails. It is located at 1515 Freedom Boulevard.
Friendship Park This three acre park has two lighted softball fields, restrooms, a clubhouse and shelter, and a picnic area. It is located at Maynard and Dexter Avenues.
Iola Jones Park This 7.5-acre park offers 4 basketball courts, a ball field, and a playground. It is located at Oakland and Roughfork Streets.
Legion Stadium This stadium is located off of East Palmetto Street on Stadium Drive with one lighted regulation size baseball field and one lighted regulation size football field seating for 2500, concession stand and press box.
Jeffries Creek Park This 55-acre park features nature trails, playgrounds and a picnic area and shelter. It is located between Edisto Drive and DeBerry Boulevard.
Lester Park This park, on Dixie Street, includes a skating path, a picnic area and shelter, and a playground.
Levy Park This 13.6-acre park has a community center, playground, picnic area, 6 basketball goals, 2 tennis courts, and lighted softball and football fields. It is located on Pine Street extension.
Lucas Park This 12-acre park highlights nature trails and gardens. In addition to a playground, it also has a picnic area and two tennis courts. It is located between Park Avenue and Santee Drive.
Maple Park This four acre park on Alexander Street park has two lighted baseball fields, a community center, a playground, and two tennis courts.
McLeod Park This 51.5-acre park, located on Santiago Drive, is filled with nature trails, picnic areas, 2 picnic shelters, restrooms, 5 lighted baseball fields, concession stands, press boxes, 6 basketball goals, 16 horseshoe pits, and a skateboard facility.
Northside Park
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This seven acre park has a swimming pool and bathhouse, two lighted baseball fields, concession stand, restrooms, press box, and walking trail. This park is also home to the Boys and Girls Club of the Pee Dee. It is located between Roughfork and Athens Streets.
Northwest Park This 8.42-acre park offers a lighted ball field, concession stand, restrooms, community center for seniors and children, 7 basketball goals, 2 tennis courts, a playground, a picnic area, and a shelter. It is located on Ingram and Clement Streets.
Rail Trail The Florence Rail Trail is 14 acres of natural and paved trails along an abandoned rail corridor in West Florence. It can be accessed from several points along the trail. The two parking areas, for easy trail access, are located at Old Ebenezer Road and at McLeod Fitness Center. The four urban trail connectors are Magnolia Mall, Veterans Park, McLeod Park and Live Oak Park. There are currently plans to expand the Rail Trail to further enhance the connectivity in the Florence area. Additional information regarding the Florence Rail Trail can be assessed on the City of Florence’s website.
Southpark This 3.5-acre park provides a playground, picnic area and shelter, skating path, softball field, 2 tennis courts, and 2 basketball goals. It is located off Woods Drive.
Timrod Park This 18-acre park houses the Parks and Leisure Services Department administrative offices. It has 14 lighted tennis courts, picnic areas, a picnic shelter, a gazebo, gardens, interpretive nature trails, and 2 fitness courses. It is located on Timrod Park Drive in the City of Florence. Figure 6 Timrod Park
Source: Florence County Planning Department Veterans Park This park sits on approximately 6 acres of land donated by the estate of the late R.P. Byrd and S. C. State House of Representatives Edward L. Young. This park is located adjacent to the Florence Civic Center
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and pays tribute to World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the first Persian Gulf War. Figure 7 Veterans Park
Source: Florence County Planning Department
Other Parks and Recreation Areas In addition to parks and recreation areas that are under City and County jurisdiction, there are numerous privately owned parks in the County. In addition to the parks and recreations above, the table below provides a list of parks operated by the smaller municipalities within the county. Table 23 Other Parks and Recreation Areas in Florence County PARK/RECREATION AREA LOCATION JURISDICTION Daisy B. Lee Park 1818 US Highway 52, Scranton Town of Scranton Johnsonville Recreation Park & 330 Hampton Avenue, Johnsonville City of Johnsonville Community Building Johnsonville Tennis Complex 415 Maple Avenue, Johnsonville City of Johnsonville Pedestrian Bike Trail Main Street, Timmonsville Town of Timmonsville Gregory Finklea Park Corner of Park and Hill Streets, Timmonsville Town of Timmonsville Edgar Simon Memorial Park N. Warren Street, Timmonsville Town of Timmonsville Scranton Nature Park 2019 Church Street, Scranton Town of Scranton Source: Jurisdiction Staff
CULTURAL ATTRACTIONS AND SPECIAL EVENTS Florence County serves as a cultural center for the Pee Dee. We have a wide variety of arts organizations and cultural offerings, which celebrate our diverse heritage.
Ronald E. McNair Memorial Park Born in Lake City on October 21, 1950, Dr. Ronald E. McNair was a mission specialist aboard the ill-fated Challenger Space Shuttle in 1986. A graduate of Carver High School in Lake City, he later attended North Carolina A&T State University and received a B.S. degree in physics in 1971. He went on to study physics
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at MIT, where he specialized in quantum electronics and laser technology, completing his Ph.D. in 1977. After completing his Ph.D., he began working as a physicist in California conducting research on electro- optic laser modulation for satellite-to-satellite space communications. This research led McNair into close contact with the space program. When the opportunity presented itself, he applied for astronaut training. In January 1978, Dr. McNair was selected by NASA to enter the astronaut program. He was one of the first three African Americans selected. McNair became the second African American in space in February 1984 by flying on the Challenger Shuttle mission STS-41-B. In 1986, he was on his second Shuttle flight on the Challenger. A memorial to Ronald E. McNair can be viewed at 346 South Church Street in Lake City. Figure 8 Ronald E. McNair Memorial
Source: http://www.coastalmonuments.com/McNair.html Francis Marion Trail Currently, there are plans to implement a heritage tourism trail centering on the life of General Francis Marion. The purpose of the trail is to reveal, preserve, develop, and promote the sites where Francis Marion lived and fought during the Revolutionary War. The trail will encompass at least 10 and possibly 13 counties including Florence and will have 4 large interpretive centers at the 4 major entry points. There will also be a number of smaller facilities, kiosks, and many markers. One large and possibly two smaller facilities will be located in Florence County. The larger facilities will include a gift shop, exhibits providing information on General Marion, his men, and his exploits, and likely a small museum and movie theatre. The interpretive sites will be accessible by automobile and some sites may eventually be accessed by foot, bicycle or boat.
Lake City Community Theatre This community theatre group presents a full length musical production each year in March.
Lake City Concert Series This group obtains guest artists to perform four concerts a year at Lake City Presbyterian Church.
Florence Civic Center Located on Radio Drive, the Florence Civic Center is the “largest convention, entertainment & exhibition facility in northeast South Carolina”. This includes the 10,000 seat Arena, the 14,500 square foot Exhibit Hall and the well-appointed Pee Dee, Waccamaw and Santee Meeting Rooms. It is home to the Florence Symphony Orchestra, the Pee Dee Cyclones hockey team, and the Florence Phantoms arena football team. It is the center of entertainment and civic events in the Florence area. The Florence Civic
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Center is a three-time recipient of the Prime Site Award from Facilities Magazine, voted as one of the top venues in North America.
Pee Dee State Farmers Market A system designed to market commodities along the Eastern Seaboard and beyond. Fresh fruit and vegetables are sold in season along with many other items. A 100-year-old barn which houses a potter's shop and café is also a part of the Market. The grounds also include a greenhouse which contains a large selection of tropical plants and flowers. It is located at 2513 W. Lucas Street in Florence. Figure 9 Pee Dee State Farmers Market: 100 Year Old Barn
Source: Florence County Planning Department
Atomic Bomb Crater On March 11, 1958, an aircraft in route to an overseas base accidentally dropped an unarmed nuclear weapon on the property of Walter Gregg in Mars Bluff. While an atomic detonation did not occur with this accidental bomb dropping, the bomb’s highly explosive material exploded on impact, harming Mr. Gregg and five members of his family, and virtually destroyed his home. The bomb created a crater that was 50 to 70 feet in diameter and 25 to 30 feet deep. However, the crater can still be seen off of Highway 89 in the northeast part of Florence County, less than a mile from Francis Marion University. This site is located on private property.
The Dooley Planetarium at Francis Marion University The Dooley Planetarium was built in 1978 and is housed at Francis Marion University. It is located on the second floor of the Cauthen Educational Media Center on campus. The planetarium presents free shows for the general public, which simulate the celestial sky.
Florence County School Districts All districts have strong music and visual arts programming including band, orchestra, chorus and drama. Concerts and productions are presented several times yearly.
Florence Little Theatre The Florence Little Theatre, started in 1923 as a volunteer organization, is the oldest cultural organization in Florence. As a result of pledges and contributions, in 1968, the Florence Little Theatre built a facility located at 1000 S. Cashua Drive. Later in 2008, the new home for the Florence Little Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 52
Theatre was constructed at 417 S. Dargan Street in the Downtown Arts and Cultural District. The new theatre is a 35,000 square foot facility that includes approximately 400 seats, incorporating side galleries that provide box seating. In addition to the numerous shows offered each year, the theatre also offers The Children's Workshop, an after school program designed to teach children basic theatre knowledge and runs from September to May concluding with a full-length production. Another program the theatre offers is the Schoolhouse Players, which presents productions throughout the year for children. The construction of this facility was made possible through a substantial private gift from the Doctors Bruce & Lee Foundation, McLeod Health and Florence County. The exterior architecture is similar to the Doctors Bruce and Lee Foundation Library. Figure 10 Florence Little Theatre
Source: Florence Little Theatre
Francis Marion Performing Arts Center In 2011, The Francis Marion University Performing Arts Center was constructed at 201 S. Dargan Street in the Downtown Arts and Cultural District. The new facility is 61,000 square feet. Its main elements include an 849-seat Mainstage with a fly tower, a 100-seat flexible Black Box space, and an Academic Wing for the Department of Fine Arts. It is a multi-purpose facility that enriches the lives of students, faculty, and members of the community. The Performing Arts Center is an educational facility. The academic wing is used by the Department of Fine Arts for teaching students and assisting them in achieving their highest potential. Its practice rooms and technology lab provide opportunities to explore the arts and encourage creativity. Students also benefit through interactive use of the mainstage and performance lab facilities equipped with the latest technology. The presentation of high quality programs in the visual and performing arts offers all FMU students the opportunity for cultural enrichment and critical analysis of ideas expressed through the arts. The exterior of the building consists of Winnsboro granite with Georgia White Cherokee marble insets. The construction of this facility was made possible through a partnership between FMU and the City of Florence and is partially funded through a substantial private gift from the Doctors Bruce & Lee Foundation.
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Figure 11 Francis Marion Performing Arts Center
Source: Florence County Planning Department Masterworks Choir Located in Florence, this 40 member choral group was founded in 1979 and has performed extensively across the United States and Europe. They perform two choral concerts of classical music each year at Central United Methodist Church and are accompanied by an orchestra.
Francis Marion University (FMU) Fine Arts Department The Fine Arts Department at FMU boasts of a Concert Choir, Show Choir, and Jazz Ensemble. The drama department presents several full-length productions each year. In addition, visual arts are on display year round in the lobby of the Hyman Fine Arts Center. The First Tuesday Arts Event presents guest artists in concert in the Kassab Recital Hall the first Tuesday of each month.
Florence Symphony Orchestra The Florence Symphony Orchestra is one of the oldest and only remaining volunteer orchestras in the state. They present four concerts yearly with featured guest soloists. They have also formed a specially auditioned Youth Orchestra, which rehearses throughout the year and presents two concerts. The Florence Symphony Orchestra performances are held at the Florence Civic Center located at 3300 West Radio Drive in Florence. Florence Regional Arts Alliance The Florence Regional Arts Alliance serves as an umbrella organization for all arts organizations and individual artists in the area and is dedicated to promoting a vibrant arts community for Florence County. It provides information on upcoming events, offers financial assistance through grants and scholarships, and serves as an advocate for the arts. The Arts Alliance collaborates with municipal entities, organizations, and the corporate community to offer a monthly series called Concerts In The Park, the annual ArtsFest celebration of the visual arts and fine crafts, and the annual Spirit of Florence July 4th Celebration of Family. The office is currently located at 185 West Evans Street.
South Carolina Dance Theatre This 50-member dance company presents two major productions yearly, “The Nutcracker Ballet” and “Rhapsody and Rhythm”, which showcases a variety of dance styles including classical ballet, neo- classical ballet, tap, and jazz. It is located at 1001 South Cashua Drive in Florence.
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The Home of Former NASCAR Driver Cale Yarborough William Caleb Yarborough was born in Timmonsville, South Carolina. He started racing in 1957, with a goal of becoming a NASCAR star. Cale Yarborough is the only NASCAR Winston Cup driver to win three consecutive championships and has earned 83 Winston Cup victories and 70 pole positions in his career spanning four decades. His win total place him fifth on the all-time list, and his pole position total is third highest in NASCAR Winston Cup history. His 14 pole positions in 1980 and five consecutive victories in 1976 still stand as single-season records. He was inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame in 1993, the National Motorsports Press Association Hall of Fame in 1994 and the Court of Legends at Charlotte Motor Speedway in 1996 (Town of Timmonsville 150 year Celebration).
FESTIVALS Day and weekend long festivals celebrating the heritage and diverse culture of our region occur throughout the year in Florence County. The major festivals include:
Pecan Festival This festival is held each November in Downtown Florence. The all-day event is packed with activities for all ages, including vendors of all types, arts and crafts, food, and live entertainment.
Southern Plant and Flower Festival This festival is held in April at the Pee Dee State Farmers Market, located at 2513 West Lucas Street in Florence. This event lasts from Thursday through Sunday.
Pee Dee Fall Plant and Flower Festival This annual festival is held each year in October at the Pee Dee State Farmers Market, located at 2513 West Lucas Street in Florence. It is a weekend-long event.
Tobacco Festival This two-day event is held each September in Downtown Lake City and celebrates those men and women who farm tobacco. The festival includes a street dance, arts and crafts, live entertainment, tobacco related contests, beauty pageants and a town parade. Additional events are hosted by other entities in partnership with the Florence County Downtown Development. They are listed below: Art’s Alive (May-Francis Marion University Campus) Civil War Reenactment-Skirmish at Gamble’s Hotel (March-The Columns) Greek Festival (May-Transfiguration Greek Orthodox Church Eastern Carolina Agricultural Fair (October- Florence Fair Grounds) International Festival (October- FMU’s Downtown Performing Art’s Center) Johnsonville Founders Day Festival (May-Broadway Street) Olanta Gator Festival (September- Downtown Olanta) Patriotic Parade (September- Downtown Florence) Sankofa Festival (July 4th weekend- Florence) Coward Harvest Festival (September- Coward)
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EVENTS In addition to the above listed festivals that occur on a yearly basis, there are also a host of other events that occur throughout the County. The table below lists many of these events. Table 24 Florence County Events EVENT LOCATION DATE Cruisin Downtown Florence Downtown Florence June Public Street Festival Oktoberfest Downtown Florence October Last Friday of each month, Florence After Five Downtown Florence April - October Southeast & Bluegrass Lynches River State Park 1st Saturday of each month Association Concerts Kids Jamboree Florence Civic Center January Florence Gun Show Florence Civic Center January SCHSL Lower State Basketball Florence Civic Center February Tournament Pee Dee Spring Carnival Florence Civic Center April The 50’s Plus Expo Florence Civic Center April Artfields Lake City April/May Relay for Life Freedom Florence April/May Annual South Carolina Senior Francis Marion University May Sports Classic Children’s Workshop Florence Little Theatre May Pee Dee Deer Classic Florence Civic Center July Darlington Car Hauler Festival Florence Civic Center September Taste of Florence Florence Civic Center October Treats for Special Kids Florence Civic Center October Timmonsville Christmas Timmonsville December Florence Christmas Tree Florence County Complex December Lighting Ceremony Christmas in the Park Coward December Christmas Tree Lighting Quinby Town Hall 1st Friday in December Source: Provided by Venue Personnel
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HISTORIC STRUCTURES AND SITES Florence County has a wealth of structures with historical significance. There are many churches, public facilities, sites, and homes that have recognized historic value. However, this amount of historic structures may not be surprising given the development and history of Florence County pre-dating the Civil War in the mid-1860s. There are many groups within Florence County that are active in identifying and preserving locations that represent important historic properties. Much of the information contained in this section is taken from the South Carolina State Historic Preservation Office website and the National Register of Historic Places. It is included and adapted in places.
W. T. Askins House This house is associated with William Thomas Askins (1859-1932), a prominent merchant and farmer of Lake City and lower Florence County, who purchased several lots in and around Lake City in the early 1890s. Mr. Askins built and operated five stores downtown, including W.T. Askins and Sons, a general mercantile business. Mr. Askins also maintained a loading dock at the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad depot and managed several farms on the outskirts of Lake City. This home was constructed in the 1870s and has a Folk Victorian architectural style. It is located at 178 South Acline Avenue in Lake City. Figure 12 W.T. Askins House
Source: Florence County Planning Department Blooming Grove (Mandeville-Rogers House) This home is associated with Frank Mandeville Rogers (1857-1945) who was significant in promoting the growing of Bright Leaf tobacco in South Carolina. Rogers managed Blooming Grove plantation from about 1910 to 1945 and was one of the first South Carolinians to successfully experiment with growing and curing Bright Leaf tobacco in the Pee Dee. Rogers influenced other farmers to grow tobacco, and eventually it surpassed cotton as a cash crop. The house was originally constructed circa 1790, and a two-story addition was added between 1800 and 1820. It is located at the end of Rogers Court in Florence.
Bonnie Shade This home, which is considered to be the second oldest house located within Florence City limits, was built circa 1854 as a wedding gift to Eugenia Pettigrew from her father. Bonnie Shade predates the incorporation of the City of Florence in 1871. Bonnie Shade has elements of Greek revival architecture. The structure is also significant for its association with locally prominent individuals. Tradition indicates that Bonnie Shade was built by James Alexander Pettigrew on land located on the western edge of his then Darlington County plantation. In 1895 the Bonnie Shade property passed from the Wingate family to Joseph Woods Brunson and his wife, Jane Melinda Brunson. According to tradition, Jane Brunson
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christened the house “Bonnie Shade” in admiration to both her Scottish heritage and to the many large trees located on the property. It is located at 1439 Cherokee Road in Florence. Figure 13 Bonnie Shade
Source: Florence County Planning Department Browntown This unique collection of buildings is associated with the Brown family who were self-sufficient farmers that operated their own brick kiln, grist mill, lumber mill, cotton gin, retail and wholesale mercantile business, and school during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The property contains the 11 remaining Browntown buildings, including the cotton gin building, 3 residences, the school, a tobacco barn, and several outbuildings. Architecturally, these buildings reflect the building technologies of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Browntown is located on Highway 341 between Lake City and Johnsonville.
Christ Episcopal Church This wooden Episcopal Church was built in 1859 by local carpenters from heart of pine cut from nearby forests. The land for the church was donated by Dr. Edward Porcher (Shaw 21). It is an excellent example of the Gothic Revival style of architecture. The building is cruciform in plan with the vestry located at the rear of the church. The church is a prime example of the small churches in South Carolina, which have played an important part in the religious and social life of their surrounding communities. Families associated with the church included Greggs, Bacots, Ashbys, Harllees, Rogers, and McCalls. Adjacent to the church is a graveyard that contains burials of many of the original members and their descendants. It is located at 2305 North Williston Road in Florence.
Figure 14 Christ Episcopal Church
Source: Florence County Planning Department
Claussen House Constructed circa 1830, this one and a half story building has a four column front porch. It was built for Charles Brown Howard, a planter and merchant. After he died in 1834, his wife married Dr. Robert
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Harllee, a prominent local physician, state representative, and state senator. In 1870, he sold 1,150 acres and the house, to Frederick W. Claussen of Charleston. The house remained in the Claussen family until 1985. Touted as one of the finest early Victorian homes in the County, it is located east of at 5109 Old River Road in Florence. Figure 15 Claussen House
Source: Florence County Planning Department Florence National Cemetery The Florence National Cemetery is located at 803 E. National Cemetery Road, 1/4 mile north of the former site of the Florence Confederate Stockade, where Union prisoners of war were held during the Civil War. The Cemetery was created when a plantation owner named James H. Jarrott allowed the dead to be buried in trenches on his property near the Confederate camp. The first burial took place on September 17, 1864. The cemetery was established as a National Cemetery in 1865. Famous burials include James Elliot Williams, who won the Medal of Honor for his action in Vietnam, and Florena Budwin, who disguised herself as a man to follow her husband in the Union army. She was captured and discovered in the prison stockade where she remained to help nurse prisoners until she died in 1865. The Cemetery was expanded in 1942 and again in 1984 for a total of 10.4 acres. The cemetery is also significant beyond the Civil War era, as it includes the remains of veterans associated with every war since the Civil War. Figure 16 Florence National Cemetery
Source: Florence County Planning Department Gregg-Wallace Farm Tenant House The Gregg-Wallace Farm Tenant House was erected circa 1890 and is an example of the predominant form of housing for African Americans in the rural south for over a half-century after emancipation. The construction of the homes is significant because it preserves evidence of the evolution of a typical Mars Bluff tenant house, which often evolved from one-room slave houses. The Gregg-Wallace Farm Tenant House is located at 310 Price Road in Mars Bluff.
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Figure 17 Gregg-Wallace Farm Tenant House
Source: Florence County Planning Department
Hopewell Presbyterian Church and Graveyard This Greek-revival building was constructed in 1842. It has a double entrance with a two-story column facade. The two pairs of outside columns were closed off for stairs. The graveyard, in use since the late eighteenth century, occupies a three-acre site where the original Hopewell Presbyterian Church stood. General W. W. Harllee, founder of Florence and his daughter, Florence, for whom the town is named, are buried in the cemetery. The church is located at 5314 Old River Road, in rural Florence. Figure 18 Hopewell Presbyterian Church
Source: Florence County Planning Department
Lake City Downtown Historic District The Lake City Downtown Historic District is a collection of 62 commercial buildings located in the vicinity of Main Street and Acline Avenue in Lake City. They are significant because they represent the development of the town between 1910 and 1930. Figure 19 Lake City Historic District
Source: Florence County Planning Department
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Mt. Zion Rosenwald School This school, built in 1925, was the first public school for African American students in the Mars Bluff community and was funded in part by the Julius Rosenwald Foundation. Prior to this school being built, a private school was built on this site by Mt. Zion Church in 1870. This structure burned in 1920. It is located at 5040 Liberty Chapel Road. Figure 20 Mt. Zion Rosenwald School
Source: Florence County Planning Department
The Columns (Rankin-Harwell House or Caroline Hall) This home was built in 1854 by Dr. William R. Johnson and his wife Sarah Gregg Johnson. Mr. Johnson was a member of both the South Carolina House of Representatives (1852-1856) and the South Carolina Senate (1860-1864). He participated in the Southern Rights Convention of 1852 and served as a member of the Second Taxpayers Convention. Johnson was also a physician and a planter. The exterior of this home was used in the motion picture, “Carolina”. The two-story house has 28 freestanding columns. It is located on Rankin Plantation Road, about a mile northwest of U.S. 301 in Mars Bluff. Figure 21 The Columns
Source: Florence County Planning Department
Poynor Junior High School Built in 1908, this red brick building is located at 301 S. Dargan Street and is named in honor of the Rev. Wilmer S. Poyner (1918-1946) and his wife, Mamie Squires Poyner. Many Florentines received some of their formal education here, and it is said that President Taft spoke here in 1910. It is currently being used as an adult education center.
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Figure 22 Poynor Junior High School
Source: Florence County Planning Department
Red Doe (Evander Gregg House or Chisholm Wallace House) Red Doe was built circa 1838. It is a one-story, rectangular, frame farmhouse on a raised brick basement foundation. Furthermore, this home was built with a heavy timber frame. According to family tradition, Red Doe was built for Evander Gregg when he was 18 years old. Several outbuildings are located on the property, including a small frame building that appears to have been used as an office or store. Additionally, many trees on the property date to the building of the structure in the 1800s. The name “Red Doe” derives from the horse “Red Doe” that was captured during the Revolutionary War by a scout of Francis Marion. It is said that the horse is buried on the property. It is located at 1132 Francis Marion Road.
In 2014, the South Carolina Department of Transportation awarded $105,000 in grant money for stabilization renovations that have been completed. However, Red Doe continues to be a challenge for those working to bring this wonderful plantation back to life.
Roseville Plantation The Roseville plantation home was originally built around 1771 for the DeWitt family but was partially destroyed by fire in 1832. In 1884, the two-story plantation house was rebuilt with a galleria and balcony. A Confederate Nurse, by Jean Berlin, was published in 1994 and is centered on the Civil War era diary of past resident, Ada Bacot. This house is located at 3636 Williston Road in Florence. Figure 23 Roseville Plantation
Source: Florence County Planning Department
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Slave Houses of Gregg Plantation (Hewn Timber Cabins) These two log houses were built before 1831 to house slaves on the Gregg Plantation. They were among seven houses of similar construction placed on opposite sides of a street leading to the plantation house. After the Civil War, the houses were moved to a different area of the same plantation, where they were occupied until the early 1950s. These houses were moved sometime before 1870, and again in 1971 for the construction of the Francis Marion University Library. Today these houses are located on the campus of Francis Marion University. These structures are some of the last remaining of their kind. Figure 24 Slave Houses of Gregg Plantation
Source: Florence County Planning Department
Smith-Cannon House (Big Old Victorian Barn) The Smith-Cannon House is located at the end of a tree-lined brick walk on a large, wooded lot. The house was constructed circa 1897-1900 for Charles Aurelius Smith, a former prominent government figure as mayor of Timmonsville, a member of the state house of representatives, twice lieutenant governor, and a governor of South Carolina for five days. Since its construction, the house has been altered very little. It features fine detailing including the elaborate mantels, an intricately carved frieze in the main parlor, and parquet floors. The house also features unusual round rooms. It is located at 106 West Market Street in Timmonsville. Figure 25 Smith-Cannon House
Source: Florence County Planning Department
Snow’s Island Located on the Pee Dee River, in the southeastern tip of Florence County, Snow’s Island was the site of Francis Marion’s camp during the Revolutionary War. It is the most famous of wilderness retreats of
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General Marion, the man whose hit-and-run tactics and crafty elusiveness earned him the nickname “Swamp Fox”.
The Stockade During the Civil War, one of the largest prisoners of war camps was located in Florence, just south of present-day Florence National Cemetery. This camp, or stockade, was constructed by slave labor in September 1864 as a prison for Union soldiers. Although only in existence for 6 months, over 20,000 Union prisoners of war were held there. Three thousand of those prisoners died and are now buried in the National Cemetery located just across from the stockade site. It is located off of Stockade Drive in Florence.
United States Post Office (Former Location) This impressive building was erected between 1904 and 1905 and is located in the center of downtown Florence, at the corner of Irby and Evans Streets. The United States Post Office is a significant example of the Second Renaissance Revival style of architecture. A massive three-story building with hipped roof, the edifice features a cut sandstone basement and first level. Upper floors are of tan brick. The interior of the building is very well detailed, featuring Italian marble flooring, oak woodwork, and handcrafted plasterwork. A major three-story addition to the rear of the building circa 1935 duplicated the scale and proportion of the original building along with many of the decorative architectural features. A landmark and focal point of the downtown area, this site served as a center of government for over 70 years. In its past, it has served as the seat for Federal Court and has contained congressional and other governmental offices. Figure 26 U.S. Post Office (Former Location)
Source: Florence County Planning Department Young Farm This house was built in 1877 and is significant for its association with Fred Young’s achievements in the field of agriculture. In 1925, US Secretary of Commerce, Herbert Hoover, and later US President inspected Fred Young’s dairy farm following recognition of one of its Jerseys, Sensation’s Mikado Millie, as a world champion butter fat producing cow. This farm is located on Highway 76, 0.7 miles east of Interstate 95 in Florence.
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Figure 27 Young Farm
Source: Florence County Planning Department HISTORIC MILITARY EVENTS Since the origin of Florence there have been thousands of troop movements through this area, which were related to the many wars of our past. The passages below, describe some of these movements. The majority of the information listed below was obtained from John “Sandy” Kendall of the Florence City/County Historical Commission and the City of Florence website.
On March 5, 1865, during the War Between the States, General William T. Sherman and his troops invaded the little Railroad Crossing, which later became known as the City of Florence. The troops burned the railroad depot and cotton warehouses in Darlington and attempted to ambush a train which was approaching from Florence. The engineer of the train recognized the ambush in advance, reversed the train, and sped all the way back to the depot in Florence. A telegram was sent to the Confederate Reserves of General William J. Hardee, which had been recently evacuated out of Charleston. These troops were rushed to Florence just in time to stop the looting and burning of the Florence Depot and Gamble's Hotel, which was located on N.B. Baroody Street. A skirmish took place at the corner of what is now East Palmetto Street and Church Street. The Union forces withdrew leaving one Northern soldier dead and a number of troops wounded. A historical marker was erected at the site in 1949 by the United Daughters of the Confederacy. It still stands and reads as follows:
SKIRMISH AT THE INTERSECTION OF PALMETTO AND CHURCH
EARLY IN 1865 AN ADVANCE GUARD OF SHERMAN’S ARMY SENT TO LIBERATE THE PRISONERS IN THE STOCKADE WAS MET AT THIS POINT BY A COMPANY OF CONFEDERATES UNDER CAPTAIN AUGUSTUS EDWARDS AND WAS DEFEATED WITH THE LOSS OF ONE LIFE, THAT OF A NORTHERN SOLDIER.
In addition, there were many movements of troops through Florence during the Confederate War, which did not result in battle. Most are recorded in various research sources and can be found in the South Carolina Room of the Doctors Bruce and Lee Foundation Library, as well as the Library of Congress. Virtually all troop movements passed through Florence on their way to Richmond, Charleston, and Savannah, because it was at the intersection of three major railroads: the North Eastern, the Wilmington and Manchester, and the Cheraw and Darlington.
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Furthermore, the construction of the Confederate Prison in Florence in September 1864 brought many troop movements as they deposited Prisoners of War (POWs) into the Stockade. This activity continued through February 28, 1865, as more than 18,000 Union POWs were circulated through Florence during that period of time. In addition, wounded Confederate troops traveled by rail to Florence’s Wayside Hospital, which was established by the Women of the Pee Dee in 1861. The Wayside Hospital stood at the corner of N.B. Baroody and Coit Streets. A historical marker was erected at the site in 1949 by the United Daughters of the Confederacy. The marker reads as follows:
THE ORIGINAL SITE OF THE WAYSIDE HOSPITAL
ON THIS CORNER, THE WOMEN OF THE PEE DEE SECTION ESTABLISHED IN 1861 A HOME FOR THE RELIEF OF PASSING CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS.
IN 1862 THIS HOME WAS ASSIGNED TO THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT FOR A WAYSIDE HOSPITAL WITH DR. THEODORE DARGAN AS SURGEON IN CHARGE AND DR. PETER B. BACOT AS AN ASSISTANT SURGEON.
TO THIS HOSPITAL THE WOMEN GAVE LOYAL AND DEVOTED SERVICE UNTIL THE END OF THE WAR.
In order to capitalize on the rich history of troop movement, Florence County should consider establishing a tour, which explores all of the areas in the County that are significant to the both the Revolutionary and Civil War. Furthermore, great emphasis should be placed on understanding and appreciating the significance of the railroad to the development of Florence.
RELIGIOUS CENTERS Since its founding, Florence County has been a community with much religious activity. With hundreds of religious centers representing numerous denominations, faiths, and religions in the area, community religious centers provide an opportunity for many to worship. Religious life in Florence County is not limited to Sunday morning or weekend worship services. A variety of religious activities take place during the week as well. Recreational outings for youth groups and adults are common in the Pee Dee area.
SUMMARY Florence County is abundant in cultural resources, including libraries, museums, parks and recreation facilities, annual festival and events, historic structures, and religious centers. These resources are important in that they not only enhance opportunities for community interaction and cooperation, but also provide beneficial social outlets for the community. These resources provide opportunities for visitors and residents to be exposed to valuable learning activities, leisure events, and to other activities which foster appreciation of the local community. Cultural resources also help to shape the image of the community and are instrumental in attracting other educational and employment opportunities to the area. Based on the information provided in this document, it can easily be deduced that the availability
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of such an abundance of cultural resources in our society has had a positive effect on the quality of life of the citizens and visitors of Florence County and will continue to do so in the future.
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GOALS AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES The goals of the Cultural Resources Element seek to promote an atmosphere of awareness, enhancement, and protection of the cultural resources in Florence County in order to enhance the appeal and character of the community and promote a higher quality of life for all residents.
GOAL 1 Encourage the preservation of historic structures and sites.
Implementation Strategy: Maintain a comprehensive list of historic structures and sites in Florence County. Furthermore, the County and each municipality should consider applying for the status of a Certified Local Government (CLG), which is a partnership at the local, state, and federal levels to promote historic preservation as part of local planning and policies. As a benefit to becoming a CLG, areas are eligible to receive grants to preserve, protect, and enhance historic structures.
Time Frame: Continuous maintenance of the list. CLG status should be considered and achieved within two years.
GOAL 2 Continue to develop and enhance parks and recreation areas within the County, specifically in Timmonsville and Scranton, where there are currently no County operated parks.
Implementation Strategy: Focus the development of new parks and recreation facilities in areas where there are currently no facilities, specifically Scranton and Timmonsville.
Time Frame: 10 years
GOAL 3 Continue the process of nominating historic properties for listing on the National Registry of Historic Places.
Implementation Strategy: Citizens should be informed of the process of having a structure nominated for the National Register of Historic Places and County officials should assist with and participate in this process.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 4 Use the cultural resources in Florence County as a catalyst for tourism.
Implementation Strategy: Create a brochure and website featuring the cultural resources described in this element, including a map of these locations. Proper mapping of these locations, especially historic properties and troop movements, could lead to the enhancement of tourism in Florence County. The brochure should be developed in such a way that additions to the listings do not require reprinting.
Time Frame: Within a year, have the brochure ready for distribution and website developed. As new historic properties and cultural resources are identified, the website should be updated.
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GOAL 5 Acquire official historical markers for all historic properties in Florence County that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, with owner consent.
Implementation Strategy: The South Carolina Department of Archives and History will erect a historical marker for a National Registry location provided that the marker is sponsored by a historical, patriotic, civic, or other such organization. The marker must be paid for by someone other than the South Carolina Department of Archives and History. Therefore, grant money may need to be sought in order to fund these markers, which average $1,600. Of the 22 National Registry locations in Florence County, 9 are currently marked, leaving 12 unmarked, with the exception of the Lake City Downtown Historic District, which is marked with flags.
Time Frame: Within 10 years, all locations should be properly marked, with owner consent.
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NATURAL RESOURCES ELEMENT
CLIMATE AND TOPOGRAPHY The climate in Florence County is relatively temperate. The warm season begins in April and extends into September. The Appalachian Mountains, which are 175 miles northwest of Florence, act as a natural barrier from most cold fronts keeping winters relatively mild. However, winter temperatures often dip into the 20s. Snow flurries can occur, but it is unusual to have any measurable amount of snowfall. The average temperature in January is 44.7 degrees. The first frost of the season typically occurs in mid-November, with the last frost typically in mid-March. Florence averages an annual rainfall of 44.7 inches, with the majority falling in the summer. In addition, Florence experiences its warmest weather during the summer months, with the average temperature in July reaching 81°F. Annually, the average daytime temperature is 63.2°F. The tables below list climate statistics for the County. Table 25 Florence County Temperature Summary 1948 - 2011 TEMPERATURE DATE Highest Maximum Temperature 108°F 6/27/1954 Lowest Minimum Temperature 0°F 1/21/1985 Source: South Carolina State Climatology Office
Table 26 Florence County Precipitation Summary 1892 - 2011 STATISTIC DATE Highest Daily Rainfall 13.25” July 1916 Annual Average Rainfall 43.31” n/a Wettest Year 82.64” of precipitation 1928 Driest Year 27.5” of precipitation 1954 Largest Snowfall 13” 1973 Source: South Carolina State Climatology Office
Florence County can be found approximately 60 to 65 miles inland from the Atlantic Ocean between the Great Pee Dee and Lynches Rivers. It is composed of 803.05 square miles, or approximately 512,000 acres, and it is situated in the northeast part of South Carolina in the coastal plains region. Florence County has a gently rolling to level terrain, and resides between 25 and 150 feet above sea level. The City of Florence, the highest point in the County, is situated 150 feet above sea level, as opposed to the flood zones, which are located 25 feet above. The majority of the County is an average of 70 feet above sea level and is drained by the tributaries of the Great Pee Dee and Lynches Rivers.
PRIME AGRICULTURE & FOREST LAND FOREST LAND Florence County woodlands can be divided into two types of vegetative communities: upland vegetation and lowland forest areas. The upland forest has both coniferous (cone bearing) and deciduous (shedding leaves annually) forests. This area is known to have ample pines and broad leaf tree species that tower across the landscape. The types of trees in the upland area can include: oaks, sweet gums, and hickories. At the base of the larger trees is an assortment of thick understory, including smaller trees, shrubs and vines such as blackberry and muscadine grape. The lowland forest areas, which are located within the flood plain of the Great Pee Dee and Lynches Rivers, include trees such as bald cypress, gum,
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sycamore, water hickory, lowland oaks, soft maples, willows, and others. The understory is similar to the understory of the upland woodlands, but is also cleaner in flood prone areas.
Trees are vital natural resources and must be conserved and protected. Trees have many benefits to a community such as:
Reducing electricity bills by providing shade to homes and neighborhoods Increasing property values, reducing storm water runoff and flooding possibilities Enhancing wildlife and providing habitats for animals and other plants Improving air quality by removing dust and other pollutants such as ozone, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide from the air and producing oxygen Reducing the temperature by providing shade Reducing glare and reflection Contributing to a more aesthetically pleasing community Provides a local source of nutritious fruits and nuts
Trees contribute greatly to a community which is why it is vital to enhance, conserve, and protect the trees in Florence County. This concept will be discussed further in the Land Use Element.
AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES Significant portions of Florence County have been adapted for crop production and overall farm usage. Soil types and their characteristics, which will be discussed later, are important factors in the measure of success realized in growing the variety of crops in Florence County. The table below compares the farm acreage of Florence County with those of the neighboring counties.
Table 27 Florence and Adjacent Counties Farm Land (2007) COUNTY TOTAL LAND AREA OF COUNTY (ACRES) FARM LAND (ACRES) % FARM LAND Florence 511,974 158,717 31.1% Clarendon 388,618 154,797 39.8% Darlington 359,129 172,627 48.1% Dillon 259,116 104,937 40.5% Lee 262,522 141,037 53.7% Marion 313,010 69,530 22.2% Marlboro 306,989 122,522 39.9% Sumter 425,633 153,457 36.1% Williamsburg 597,855 209,402 35.0% Source: National Agricultural Statistic Service
As the table above indicates, Florence County had a relatively lower percentage of farm land, compared to other surrounding counties. At 31.1%, Florence ranks eighth in the Pee Dee in its percentage of farm land. Only Marion has a lesser amount of farm land at 22.2% respectively. Lee County, which is primarily rural, has the largest portion of farm land at 53.7%. However, the table below provides further insight into how farming is changing in Florence and surrounding counties.
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Table 28 Number and Size of Farms for Florence, Adjacent Counties (2002 & 2007) # OF FARMS COUNTY AVERAGE SIZE (2002) # OF FARMS (2007) AVERAGE SIZE (2007) (2002) South 24,541 197 acres 25,867 189 Carolina Florence 612 280 acres 675 235 Clarendon 390 379 acres 491 315 Darlington 361 447 acres 369 468 Dillon 197 570 acres 222 473 Lee 324 378 acres 476 296 Marion 213 438 acres 308 226 Marlboro 222 518 acres 233 526 Sumter 537 253 acres 554 277 Williamsburg 681 302 acres 861 243 Source: National Agricultural Statistic Service
As illustrated in the table above, in 2002 Florence County had 612 individual farms, at an average size of 280 acres. Of the Pee Dee Counties, only Williamsburg has more farms than Florence with 681. Dillon County represents the Pee Dee County with the largest average size farm at 570 acres. Based on the above table, between 2002 and 2007 the number of farms in Florence County increased, but the size of the remaining farms decreased. So, while Florence gained a number of farms over this time period, the County also lost acreage on remaining farms. Of the 612 farms, 464 were less than 219 acres. This may be an indication of an emergence of part-time or hobby farmers that operate farms under the notion that the farm will not be a primary source of income. Often times, hobby farmers operate farms as a side job. Farms in Florence County represent 2.5% of all farms in the state. Statewide, Anderson tops this list, with 6.7% of all farms in South Carolina located in their county. Moreover, McCormick County has the fewest farms in the state, representing only 0.4% of the total. Of the Pee Dee Counties, Florence ranks fifth in the market value of agricultural products sold, at thirty-five million dollars per year. The majority of the thirty-five million dollars of agricultural products sold in Florence County is produced by the farms in the county that are over 219 acres in size. From the table below, you can see that 150 farms are larger than 219 acres. The farms in Florence produce a variety of crops, including cotton, soybeans, hay, tobacco, grain corn, and grain wheat.
Table 29 Florence County Size and Number of Farms (2007) SIZE OF FARM (ACRES) NUMBER OF FARMS (2007) 1 - 49 acres 260 50 - 99 acres 132 100 - 219 acres 133 220 - 499 acres 69 500 + acres 81 Source: National Agricultural Statistic Service
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In regards to total farm acreage, Florence County’s total has decreased approximately 24% between 1987 and 2007. Changes in farmland resources have also occurred over recent periods of time. Significant changes in the amount of farmland in the County may be indicative of changes in community priorities or due to development activities and increased competition in other economic markets. The table below indicates the changes in farms in Florence County between 1987 and 2007.
Table 30 Florence County Changes in Number and Acreage of Farms (1978 - 2007) # OF YEAR FARMS FARM ACREAGE # CROPLAND FARMS CROPLAND ACREAGE 1987 926 209,688 acres 891 136,465 acres 1992 781 194,822 acres 755 131,812 acres 1997 615 168,600 acres 579 114,479 acres 2002 612 171,388 acres 532 103,576 acres 2007 675 158,717 acres 565 111,572 acres 20 year change -251 -50,971 acres -326 -24,893 acres Source: National Agricultural Statistic Service
While agriculture is visible across Florence County, certain areas, such as locations of prime farmland, are better suited for this use. Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important farmland defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) as soils that are best suited to producing food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops. Prime farmland soils are of major importance in meeting the nation’s short and long range needs for food and fiber.
Prime farmland soils have properties that are favorable for the economic production of sustained high yields of crops. The soils need only to be treated and managed using acceptable farming methods. The moisture supply, of course, must be adequate and the growing season has to be sufficiently long – both conditions are present in Florence County. Prime farmland soils produce the highest yields with minimal inputs of energy and economic resources. The farming of these soils results in the least damage to the environment. The USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service’s highest classification is “all areas are prime farmland.” Florence County’s total acreage of prime farmland according is 26.7%. These limited acreages of high production farmlands should be preserved and protected from development pressures.
Prime farmland soils have properties that are favorable for the economic production of sustained high yields of crops. The soils need only to be treated and managed using acceptable farming methods. The moisture supply, of course, must be adequate and the growing season has to be sufficiently long – both conditions are present in Florence County. Prime farmland soils produce the highest yields with minimal inputs of energy and economic resources. The farming of these soils results in the least damage to the environment. The USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service’s highest classification is “all areas are prime farmland.” Florence County’s total acreage of prime farmland is 26.7%.
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These limited acreages of high production farmlands should be preserved and protected from development pressures.
Often times, prime farmland is converted for development purposes when it is located in close proximity to urban areas. Between 1992 and 1997, 86,200 acres of prime farmland in South Carolina was converted to developed land. Furthermore, of the land developed during those years, 23.8% was prime farmland. If Florence County desires to protect prime farmland from development in the future, this can be accomplished through zoning and conservation easements. Figure 28 Florence County Farmland
Source: South Carolina Department of Natural Resources SOIL TYPES A second tier classification of soils suitable for agriculture is “Soils of Statewide Importance.” The criteria for defining farmland of statewide importance are determined by the appropriate state and local agencies in cooperation with the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). Farmland Soils of statewide importance includes land areas where the soils do not meet the requirements for prime farmland. The criteria for defining farmland of statewide importance are determined by the appropriate state and local agencies in cooperation with the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). Farmland of statewide importance includes land areas where the soils do not meet the requirements for prime farmland. These are productive soils, but may have express characteristics of steep slope, high water table, presence of gravel, low water holding capacity, or susceptibility to erosion or other concerns. Farmland of statewide importance may include tracts of land that have been designated for agriculture by State law. This type of farmland can produce a high yield of crops if treated and managed properly. In addition, it can be expensive to convert back into quality cropland once developed. Some marginal lands may still be suited for timber and pasture land. Since these lands may also present development constraints, measures should be taken to preserve these lands for the more productive agricultural uses. According
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to the US Department of Agriculture, Florence County is classified as having 34.1% of Soils of statewide importance.
Soil types play a crucial role in determining agricultural, industrial, recreational, and wildlife composition. Throughout Florence County, there are a variety of uses for the wide range of soils. Soil types considered optimal for agricultural use are also considered good for residential, commercial, and industrial uses. The following is a brief summary of some of the soil types found in Florence County. The information in this section was taken from the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) website. The table and map below, which can and should facilitate land use planning, list the soil types in Florence County.
Figure 29 Florence County Soil Types
Source: Natural Resource Conservation Service
Table 31 Florence County Soil Types SOIL TYPE ACRES COMMON CROPS Barth Loamy Sand (Ba) 2,813 n/a Brogdon Sand (Br) 1,074 n/a Cahaba Loamy Fine Sand (0-3% Slopes) (CaA) 5,833 n/a Cahaba-Leaf Complex (Cb) 3,845 n/a Cape Fear Loam (Ce) 967 n/a Chastain-Chewacla-Congaree (Ch) 18,471 n/a Chipley Loamy Sand (Cn) 4,090 Tobacco, cotton, corn, soybean, oats Coxville Fine Sandy Loam (Cv) 69,674 Corn, soybeans, small grain, pasture grasses
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Tobacco, cotton, corn, soybean, truck crops, small Duplin Fine Sandy Loam (Dp) 20,402 grain Duplin and Exum Soils (0-2% Slopes) (DuA) 3,222 n/a Duplin and Exum Soils (2-6% Slopes) (DuB) 961 n/a Exum Sandy Loam (Ex) 1,154 n/a Faceville Loamy Sand (0-2% Slopes) (FaA) 357 n/a Faceville Loamy Sand (2-6% Slopes) (FaB) 256 n/a Faceville Loamy Sand (6-15% Slopes) (FaD) 42 n/a Fuquay Sand (0-4% Slopes) (FuB) 2,294 n/a Tobacco, cotton, corn, soybeans, truck crops, small Goldsboro Loamy Sand (Go) 46,306 grain Hyde Loam (Hy) 357 n/a Johns Fine Sandy Loam (Jo) 6,917 n/a Kalmia Loamy Sand (Ka) 1,799 n/a Kenansville Sand (0-4% Slopes) (KeB) 1,642 n/a Lakeland Sand (0-6% Slopes) (LaB) 22,096 Corn, peanuts, watermelons, soybeans Coastal Bermuda grass, bahia grass, sericea Lakeland Sand (6-15% Slopes) (LaD) 3,848 lespedeza Lucy Sand (0-6% Slopes) (LuB) 1,442 n/a Lynchburg Sandy Loam (Ly) 78,523 Tobacco, corn, soybeans, small grain Lynn Haven Sand (Lz) 446 n/a Mine Pits and Dumps (Mp) 419 n/a Norfolk Loamy Sand (0-2% Slope) (NoA) 34,993 Cotton, corn, soybeans Norfolk Loamy Sand (0-2% Slope) (NoA) 7,114 Cotton, corn, tobacco, soybeans, small grain Olanta Loamy Sand (On) 4,001 n/a Orangeburg Loamy Sand (0-2% Slopes) (OrA) 3,224 Cotton, tobacco, corn, soybeans Orangeburg Loamy Sand (2-6% Slopes) (OrB) 1,544 n/a Orangeburg Loamy Sand (6-10% Slopes) (OrC) 100 n/a Osier Loamy Sand (Os) 7,058 n/a Pantego Loam (Pa) 12,546 n/a Pocalla Sand (0-4% Slopes) (PIB) 1,422 n/a Rains Sandy Loam (Ra) 20,487 Corn, soybeans, small grain, pasture grasses Rimini Sand (Rs) 154 n/a Gum trees, water-tolerant oak trees, cypress, some Rutlege Loamy Sand (Ru) 7,357 pines Sunsweet Loamy Fine Sand (6-10% Slopes) 1,418 n/a (SuC) Sunsweet Loamy Fine Sand (10-25% Slopes) 1,494 n/a (SuE) Urban Land-Coxville Norfolk Association (Ub) 4,778 n/a Varina Loamy Fine Sand (0-2% Slopes) (VaA) 1,470 n/a Varina Loamy Fine Sand (2-6% Slopes) (VaA) 3,911 n/a Water (W) 3,433 n/a Cotton, tobacco, corn, soybeans, Bermuda & bahia Wagram Sand (0-6% Slopes) (WgB) 30,263 grass
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Wagram Sand (6-10% Slopes) (WgC) 2,834 n/a Wagram Sand (10-15% Slopes) (WgD) 1,291 n/a Wahee Fine Sandy Loam (Wh) 5,598 n/a Wehadkee-Chastain Association (Wk) 11,011 n/a Wehadkee and Johnson Soil 31,622 n/a Source: Natural Resource Conservation Service
EROSION In addition to the many uses that can occur on various soil types, there are also major concerns with erosion of soils in Florence County. Soil erosion management is a widespread issue in both Florence and throughout South Carolina, and leads to many problems including the following: Filling of streams and lakes Reduction of cropland Damaging of fish and wildlife habitats Clogging of storm drainage systems Increasing the costs associated with water treatment
Erosion is a process in which soil particles are loosened from an original resting area and transported to another location. Although often a natural process and the result of wind, water run-off, or other geologic means, erosion can be increased by poor land use practices, deforestation, overgrazing, unmanaged construction activity, and road building. However, improved land use practices can reduce erosion through techniques such as terrace-building and tree planting. In order to reduce the amount of erosion caused by development, sites that have soil types with minimal limitations regarding the intended use for the site are encouraged for selection. Erosion mitigation methods would also help to increase site stability and reduce the negative effects on other areas in the County.
Additionally, by volume, sediment, matter that has been deposited by some natural process such as wind and water, is considered a major source of water pollution. In order to attempt to alleviate this growing problem, there are several steps that can be taken according to the NRCS as follows: 1. Planners should pass ordinances in their communities to control erosion. 2. Plans should include standard practices to reduce runoff and retain soils sediment on site. 3. Developers should be required to prepare a soil and water conservation component to any development that disturbs or adds fill dirt to the natural surface of the land. 4. The watershed approach should be used in planning for soil and water conservation and stormwater management. 5. Local planners should encourage the adoption of Best Management Practices (BMPs) to guide forestry, agriculture, and construction activities. 6. Planners should use soil survey information for making land use plans and decisions. Furthermore, builders and developers should consult a soil survey before commencing any construction activities.
MINING South Carolina currently has approximately 600 active mining permits. Sixteen of these permits are active in Florence County. Of these 16 mines, 11 mine strictly sand, while the other 5 mine both sand and clay. In 1974, the South Carolina Mining Act was passed to ensure all mined lands would be returned to some useful purpose and for the protection of people and the environment. This process is
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also known as the reclamation process. The reclamation process, as well as the mine permitting process, is overseen by the Mining and Reclamation Section of the SC Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC). The basic objectives of reclamation are to ensure public safety, establish vegetation for soil stability, and protection of adjacent areas. The regulations allow for reclamation such as lakes or ponds, grasslands, woodlands, croplands, parks or recreational areas, landfills or residential or commercial development. The table below provides a list of active mining permits in Florence County, as well as the minerals mined and the reclamation practice.
Table 32 Florence County Active Mining Permits (2013) MINE NAME MINERALS MINED RECLAMATION PRACTICE McCutcheon Mine Sand Sandclay Grasslands Poston Pit Sand Sandclay Grasslands, Lake or Pond Wildbird Run Mine Sand Top Residential Subdivision Rutland Mine Sand Top Pond Coward Mine 1 Sand Top Pond Huggins Mine Sand Top Pond Magnolia Lake Mine Sand Top Residential Subdivision Oshay Mine Sand Top Grasslands Woodberry Lake Sand Top Pond Weaver East Salem Rd Sand Top Pond Asphalt Plant #8 Sand Grasslands Johnsonville Plant Sand Lake or Pond Prestress Mine Sand Grasslands, Lake or Pond Florence County Mine Sand Sandclay Grasslands Gilbert Drive Mine Soil Sandclay Grasslands Mclellan Mine Soil Sandclay Grasslands, Lake or Pond Source: SC Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC)
WATERSHEDS & WATER BODIES A watershed is the land that water flows across or through on its way to a common stream, river, or lake. Water that flows across land is usually the result of rainfall, which generates stormwater runoff. Areas with high water tables also support sustained dry weather flows into low-lying areas, such as ditches and creeks. Flows are also supported by groundwater emissions, including artesian springs.
Depending on the specific management need, a watershed can be defined broadly, such as the drainage for an entire river or lake, or very narrowly, such as the drainage feeding just a small creek or pond. Florence County lies within two watersheds, the Lower Pee Dee and Lynches River Watersheds.
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Figure 30 Watershed of Eastern South Carolina
Source: Waccamaw Watershed Academy, Coastal Carolina University WATER BODIES Florence County has over 3.84 square miles covered by water. These water sources include rivers, creeks, ponds, and streams. The map below shows the major water bodies in Florence County. Figure 31 Florence County Water Bodies
Source: Florence County Planning Department
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RIVER BASINS & WATERSHEDS Watersheds and drainage basins are the parts of the land surface of Florence County that serve the purpose of channeling rainwater to the two major rivers in the County: the Lynches River and the Great Pee Dee River. The average annual rainfall for the County is 43.31 inches per year. Most of this rainfall is used by plants, absorbed into the soil, or drained into basins and rivers. A portion of the rainfall is intercepted by plants and absorbed into the soil. The remaining water that is not evaporated progresses through drainage basins to river channels.
The following information, taken from a report by the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, details information about the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin: The Yadkin-Pee Dee Basin is the northern portion of a large river system that drains central North Carolina and northeastern South Carolina. The basin is divided into four sub-basins. The headwaters of the Yadkin River drain the eastern slope of the Blue Ridge Mountains, northeast of Blowing Rock. In the upper part of the basin the Yadkin flows generally northeasterly for about 100 miles before turning south. It continues slowing southeasterly and merges with the Uwharrie River east of Albemarle to form the Pee Dee River. The Rocky River flows into the mainstream below Lake Tillery. The Pee Dee continues flowing southeastward through South Carolina, where it is known as the Great Pee Dee River, and flows into the Atlantic Ocean near Georgetown, SC. Land in Florence County is influenced by two major rivers of the Pee Dee River basin and an extensive network of tributaries feeding into those rivers. Interconnected within the County are also a number of branches, creeks, swamps and wetlands, as indicated in the map above. These areas serve vital functions related to the County’s water supply, drainage, agricultural activities, and wildlife habitat. Some of the tributaries of the two rivers in the County are unnamed and minor in terms of the water volume contributed into larger streams, but they all contribute to the important surface water areas of the County. The list provided in this section includes the rivers, creeks, and most of the major branches feeding into the rivers.
Florence County is covered in its entirety by the Pee Dee River basin. However, there are three sub- basins that operate within this larger basin to drain runoff from portions of the County. These three sub-basins are described as follows: Great Pee Dee River Sub-basin: This sub-basin drainage area covers the northeastern portion between Marion and Florence Counties, draining about 40% of the County’s land area. The City of Florence and the Town of Quinby are both located within the Great Pee Dee River Sub-basin. Lynches River Sub-basin: This sub-basin drains the municipalities of Timmonsville, Coward, Lake City, Scranton, Pamplico and Johnsonville. Being located in the middle of the County, the Lynches River Sub-basin covers about 55% of Florence County. Black River Sub-basin: Although the Black River does not flow through any portion of Florence County, part of its sub-basin can be found in the County. About 5% of Florence County’s southwestern edge is affected by the sub-basin of the Black River.
Issues involving river basins are primarily related to water run-off. Run-off can carry a variety of pollutants, including petroleum products from spills, automobiles, and highways. Pesticides and fertilizers, as well as chemical treatments for golf courses, can travel along the sub-basins in the County. As mentioned earlier, sedimentation from erosion and contaminants can cause problems for water- based recreational areas and natural sources used for public water supplies. As part of the mandate from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the South Carolina Department of Health and
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Environmental Control (SCDHEC), Florence County has adopted a storm water management plan that addresses various requirements. Implementation of this plan will not only allow Florence County to meet the Federal and State requirements, but also provide opportunities for improving the water quality in the area.
The following sections provide listings and information about water resources in Florence. Rivers Great Pee Dee River: This River forms the eastern border of Florence County and runs in a southeastern direction. This is the larger of the two rivers associated with the County and has a drainage area over most of the northeast portion of Florence County. Lynches River: Lynches River enters the County on the west near Cartersville and runs through the middle and southeast parts of the County. Its boundaries merge with the Great Pee Dee River in the southeastern corner of the County.
Lakes and Ponds Forest Lake: Located off of West Palmetto Street Lazar Lake: Situated between Second Loop Road and Jeffries Creek Lynches Lake: Located between Lake City and Johnsonville Lake Oakdale: Located northwest of Interstate 95 in the Oakdale community Freedom Florence Pond: Located off of SC 51 near Jefferies Creek McLeod Park Pond: Located off of US 76 at David McLeod Park Muldrows Mill Pond: Located south of the City of Florence near US 52 Quinby Pond: Located on King Road
Wetlands and Swamps Wetlands cover a large part of Florence County. These areas create a number of outdoor activities including fishing, hunting, boating, wildlife observation, natural studies, swimming, camping, and hiking. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), “Inland wetlands are most common on floodplains along rivers and streams, in isolated depressions surrounded by dry land, along the margins of lakes and ponds, and in other low-lying areas where the groundwater intercepts the soil surface or where precipitation sufficiently saturates the soil”. Florence County wetlands may include marshes and wet meadows with herbaceous plants, swamps dominated by shrubs, and wooded swamps with trees as described by the EPA. These areas are abundant in undisturbed plant and animal life with some of the species found being rare and endangered, which will later be discussed.
Swamps Back Swamp: Traces a portion of the northern County line abutting Darlington County Big Swamp: Runs parallel with a portion of SC 51 near the Pamplico area Deep Hole Swamp: Located in Cartersville Douglas Swamp: Located in the Motts area, southwest of Olanta Lake Swamp: Situated between Timmonsville and Effingham Little Swamp: Located near the Pee Dee River in the southeastern part of the County Long Branch Swamp: Runs along the southern portion of the County line and borders Williamsburg County Middle Swamp: Located southwest of the City of Florence
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Polk Swamp: Located in the northeast part of Florence County Sparrow Swamp: Situated south of Timmonsville Snow’s Island: located in the southeastern most tip of the County near Johnsonville
Branches Alligator Branch: Located between US 52 and Savannah Grove Road Barfields Old Mill Branch: Located northeast of Pamplico Bay Branch: Located in the Cartersville Township, west of Timmonsville Big Branch: Located near Danwood Bigham Branch: Located north of Pamplico Boggy Branch: Located in the northeast part of the County Bullock Branch: Located southeast of Pamplico Bushy Branch: Runs through Olanta and into Douglas Swamp, just south of Olanta Camp Branch: Runs along Highway 403, towards Lake City Cane Branch: Located in the north central part of the County Claussen Barnch: Located in the northeast part of the County Gum Branch: Located on Cane Branch Road Long Branch: Located in the northeast part of the County McCall Branch: Located west of Evergreen Meadow Prong Branch: Located in Effingham, west of Savannah Grove Road Middle Branch: Situated in the northern part of the County Mill Branch: Located on the eastern part of the County, north of Pamplico Mill Pond Branch: Located southwest of Pamplico Pole Cat Branch: Located near Lynch Cross Roads, west of Coward Two Mile Branch: Located west of Scranton (1997 Comprehensive Plan)
Creeks Adams Creek: Located in the norther part of the County Beaver Dam Creek: Located northwest of the City of Florence Black Creek: Located north of Quinby Clarks Creek: Marks a portion of the southeastern County line Cypress Creek: Located near Evergreen Deep Creek: Located north of Johnsonville High Hill Creek: Located between Coward and Scranton Jeffries Creek: Runs through the norther portion of the County from the Darlington County line in the west to the Pee Dee River in the east Muddy Creek: Runs along the southern portion of the County line near Johnsonville Willow Creek: Located near Evergreen
Carolina Bays While many of the natural resources in Florence County are clearly identifiable and understandable, there is one natural phenomenon that has varying explanations for how they came to exist. The following information is taken from a brochure from US Fisheries and Wildlife to assist in explaining this resource. Carolina Bays are small wetland depressions which are symmetrically oval in shape. When seen from the air, they are very distinct and the long axis of the oval is always oriented northwest to
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southeast. These wetlands occur only in the coastal plain regions of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia and vary in size from one acre to thousands of acres. The origin of Carolina Bays is a mystery. Some theories include: meteor showers, ocean currents, and sinkholes, but each theory has at least one flaw to disprove it. There are several different vegetative structures found in Carolina Bays based on the depression depth, size, hydrology, and subsurface. The map below shows Woods Bay located in Florence County, near Olanta.
The map below shows Woods Bay located in Florence County, near Olanta. Woods Bay consists of 1,590 acres including marsh, sand hills, oak, hickory forest and a shrub bog. More than 75 species of mammals, reptiles and amphibians are found here, along with more than 150 species of birds. Woods Bay State Natural Area offers a close-up look at one of the last remaining large Carolina Bays on the Atlantic Coastal Plain.
Kingsburg Bay is a very unique Carolina Bay in Kingsburg, Lower Florence County that is being extensively studied for its unique plant and animal communities.
Figure 32 Carolina Bay
Source: Florence County Planning Department
Some bays are predominately open water areas with large scattered pond cypress trees, while others are very thick, shrubby areas. A list of the bays in the County is given below. There are also numerous smaller and unnamed bays in the County that may not be named here.
Bays Alligator Bay: Located near the Evergreen Community Big Bay: Situated southeast of Scranton Ben Gause Bay: Located near Lynches River County Park Carolina Bay: Located in the Southwest portion of the County Cox Bay: Located southeast of New Hope Cypress Bay: Located near Highway 46 close to the Evergreen Community
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Dials Bay: Located near Highway 51 close to the Evergreen Community Green Bay: Situated on the east side of Florence County, south of Highway 76 Green Spring Bay: Located near the Evergreen Community Gregg Bay: Located southwest of Evergreen near Highway 149 Kingsburg Bay: Located in Kingsburg, Lower Florence County, on Chinaberry Road Maple Bay: Located near the Evergreen Community Mill Bay: Located north of Lake City Morris Bay: Located near the Effingham Community Sand Hill Bay: Situate near Effingham Tans Bay: Located off Highway 35 (John Paul Jones Road) near Perkins Crossroads Turner Bay: Located near Highway 149 near the Evergreen Community Whites Bay: Located near Highway 301, southwest of Cusaac’s Crossroads Woods bay: Located south on Highway 58 toward Shiloh, Woods Bay Rd (Hwy 48)
SURFACE WATER QUALITY In 1972 Congress enacted the Clean Water Act (“CWA” or “the Act”) “to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters” so as to support "the protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and recreation in and on the water. SC DHEC has been delegated as the authority to implement the provisions of the CWA through S.C. Regulation 61-68, Water Classifications and Standards and S.C. Regulation 61-69, Classified Waters. Regulation 61-68 establishes water classifications based on designated uses (DUs) tied to water quality standards and criteria.
By federal law, the waters classified for regulation under the Clean Water Act are those defined as all the “waters of the United States” (33 CFR Part 328). These generally include all natural surface waters including some wetlands. A complete list of water bodies and their specific classification can be found in S.C. Regulation 61-69, Classified Waters.
The types of classified waters in Florence County are listed below along with their designated uses (DU). Examples of the most important DUs are: (1) supports recreational activity, (2) supports aquatic life, (3) drinking water source. For each classification, a set of water quality standards and criteria exist. Failure to maintain these standards is taken as evidence of lack of attainment of designated use. SC DHEC is charged with monitoring compliance with the water quality standards. It is the intent and purpose of the regulations that waters that meet the standards shall be maintained and waters that do not meet the standards shall be improved.
Class ORW, or “outstanding resource waters”, is freshwater or saltwater which constitute an outstanding recreational or ecological resource, or those freshwaters suitable as a source for drinking water supply purposes, with treatment levels specified by the Department. Class FW, or “freshwater”, is water suitable for primary and secondary contact recreation and as a source for drinking water supply, after conventional treatment. These waters are also suitable for fishing, and the survival and propagation of a balanced indigenous aquatic community of fauna and flora. This class is also suitable for industrial and agricultural uses.
Every two years, SCDHEC is required to report which waterbodies fail to meet water quality standards and hence are not attaining their designated uses. This is referred to as the 303(d) list of impaired Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 84
waterbodies. The 2010 list for waters and sediment in Florence County is provided in Table 33. Sites are listed by water or sediment quality criteria that have been violated, such as adequate dissolved oxygen, or excessively high turbidity, fecal coliform, heavy metals or pesticides.
The following are abbreviations for uses which support a particular activity as determined by SCDHEC: AL- Aquatic Life Use REC- Recreational Use/Swimming FISH- Fish Consumption
Table 33 Florence County Impaired Waters Station # Waterbody County Use Cause PD-078 Black Creek at SC 327 Florence REC FC PD-623 Black Creek at SC 327 Florence FISH HG RS-06027 Ashby Branch at culvert on S-21 Florence AL PH RS-06027 Ashby Branch at culvert on S-21 Florence REC FC RS-06027 Ashby Branch at culvert on S-21 Florence AL DO PD-230 Middle Swamp at SC 51 3.5 mi SSE of Forence Florence AL DO PD-256 Jeffries Creek at S-21-112 4.8 miles west of Florence Florence AL DO PD-256 Jeffries Creek at S-21-112 4.8 miles west of Florence Florence REC FC RS-07205 Jeffries Creek at S-21-112 4.8 miles west of Florence Florence REC FC PD-167 Willow Creek at S-21-57 Florence REC FC PD-630 Willow Creek at SC 327 Florence AL BIO PD-035 Jeffries Creek at SC 327 at Claussen Florence REC FC PD-337 Great Pee Dee River @ HWY 301 Florence FISH HG PD-622 Great Pee Dee River @ Dewitt Bluff Florence FISH HG PD-076 Great Pee Dee River @ Poston (Ellison’s) Florence FISH HG PD-662 Great Pee Dee River @ Bostick Florence FISH HG RS-04548 Sparrow Swamp at US 76 1.1 mile SW of Timmonsville Florence AL NI RS-04548 Sparrow Swamp at US 76 1.1 mile SW of Timmonsville Florence AL CU RS-04548 Sparrow Swamp at US 76 1.1 mile SW of Timmonsville Florence AL CR PD-345 Lake Swamp AT S-21-38 Florence REC FC PD-332 Sparrow Swamp at S-21-55 NR Johns Florence REC FC PD-346 Camp Branch at S-21-278 Florence AL DO PD-314 Singleton Swamp at S-21-67 Florence AL DO PD-314 Singleton Swamp at S-21-67 Florence REC FC PD-085 Lake Swamp at US 378 Florence AL DO PD-086A Lake Swamp on SC 341 Florence AL DO PD-086A Lake Swamp on SC 341 Florence REC FC PD-041 Lynches River at US 52 near Effingham Florence AL PH PD-041 Lynches River at US 52 near Effingham Florence REC FC PD-624 Lynches River @ US 52 Florence FISH HG PD-169 Big Swamp at US 378 & SC 51 0.9 miles west of Salem Florence AL DO
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PD-281 Lynches River at S-21-49 5 miles NW of Johnsonville Florence AL PH PD-048 Lynches River at Johnsonville Florence FISH HG Source: SCDHEC, 303 (d) List of Impaired Waterbodies, 2010
Water Quality Indicators used are provided below:
Table 34 Common Water Quality Indicators Parameter Abbreviation Water Quality Effect Dissolved Oxygen DO Essential for the survival of aquatic organisms. If the amount of oxygen dissolved in water falls below the minimum requirements for survival, aquatic organisms may die. Pollution also can cause declines in DO. Decreasing DO is a negative water quality indicator of aquatic life. Turbidity TURB Turbidity is an expression of the scattering and absorption of light through water. The presence of clay, silt, fine organic and inorganic matter, soluble colored organic compounds, and plankton and other microscopic organisms increases turbidity. Increasing turbidity can be an indication of increased runoff from land and is a negative water quality indicator. Heavy Metals CU, ZN, NI These metals are toxic to aquatic life. They are introduced into natural waters by runoff from roads as the metals are common components of automobiles and gasoline. Macro-Invertebrates BIO The abundance and diversity of the native macro invertebrates is used as a biotic indicator of ecosystem health. High abundance and diversity indicate water quality and habitat are in excellent condition. The use of this indicator requires knowledge of “natural” abundance and diversity. Fecal Coliform Bacteria BACT Coliform bacteria are present in the digestive tract and feces of all warm-blooded animals. Their presence indicates that surface waters may contain pathogenic microbes. Correlations have been shown between fecal- coliform numbers in recreational and drinking waters and the risk of adverse health effects. Increasing bacteria levels is a negative water quality indicator for recreational use. Source: SCDHEC, Watershed Water Quality Report, Pee Dee Basin, 2000
Since 1976, SC DHEC has been monitoring fish for pollutants. Most of the fish sampling sites in Florence County have been continuously 303(d)-listed for mercury contamination. This has lead to the posting of fish consumption advisories as shown in the table below. For reasons not understood, the mercury concentrations in fish from the Pee Dee are the highest in the State.
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Table 35 Florence County Sites on the 2013 303(d) List for Mercury Contamination in Fish
LOCATION STATION
Black Creek @ SC 327 PD-623
Great Pee Dee River @ HWY 378 PD-076
Great Pee Dee River @ Dewitts Landing PD-622 Great Pee Dee River @ Bostick PD-662 Source: S. C. Department of Health and Environmental Control
SCDHEC protects public health by issuing fish consumption advisories based on their 303(d) list. The 2013 Fish Consumption Advisories are provided in the following table.
Table 36 Fish Consumption Advisories WATERBODY LOCATION SPECIES OF FISH ADVISORY Black Creek Entire River Black Crappie 1 meal a week Blue Catfish 1 meal a week Bluegill 1 meal a week Chain Pickeral 1 meal a month Redbreast Sunfish 1 meal a week Redear Sunfish 1 meal a week Warmouth 1 meal a week Largemouth Bass DO NOT EAT ANY Bowfin(Mudfish) 1 meal a month Great Pee Entire River in SC Black Crappie No restrictions Dee River Blue Catfish 1 meal a week Bluegill No Restrictions Channel Catfish No Restrictions Redear Sunfish 1 meal a week Warmouth No Restrictions From NC/SC Border to I-95 in Dillon County, SC Bowfin (Mudfish) 1 meal a week Largemouth Bass 1 meal a week From I-95 to Winyah Bay Bowfin (Mudfish) 1 meal a month Largemouth Bass 1 meal a month Source: S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control, 2013
Section 303 of the Clean Water Act also established the principle of the total maximum daily load (TMDL) as a means of reducing water pollution in impaired waters. A TMDL is a calculation of the maximum amount of a pollutant that a waterbody can receive and still meet water quality standards. It
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is the sum of the allowable loads of a single pollutant from all contributing point and nonpoint sources and includes a margin of safety and consideration of seasonal variations (SCDHEC).
Sites on the 303(d) list are required by the CWA to develop a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). This is a pollution source budget that identifies the loading reductions required to enable the receiving waters to attain water quality standards. A TMDL for dissolved oxygen was approved in 1999 for the Great Pee Dee River. This was required for approval of NPDES discharge permits for the sewage treatment plants. SC DHEC has set target dates for development of the remaining TMDLs. At this time, implementation of the TMDLs is strictly voluntary with financial incentives available through US EPA 319 grant funding. This voluntary status is subject to change as a new regulatory program is expected to increase local responsibilities for insuring improved water quality in stormwater runoff (National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Phase II Stormwater Program for Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (SMS4s)).
Approved Total Maximum Daily Load: TMDL Document Number of Stations Parameter of Concern Status Pee Dee Basin 3 Fecal Coliform Completed and Approved
Thompson Creek 2 Fecal Coliform Approved and Implementing
Regulatory monitoring associated with the CWA has been conducted by SCDHEC. This monitoring is done on a watershed basis. Due to financial limitations, sampling efforts are concentrated on a rotating basis amongst the eight basins in South Carolina.
Other monitoring efforts include continuous water quality and quantity sensors maintained by the USGS. This data collection supported the development of the DO TMDL. As indicated in Table 33 at least two sites covered by this TMDL continue to experience declining DO (dissolved oxygen) and show no improvement. Since severe cuts were made to permitted discharges from the sewage treatment plants, the continuing decline in water quality is attributed to an increase in stormwater runoff. This source of oxygen demand was not explicitly included in the DO TMDL and hence is not currently being monitored or controlled.
To support the increased demands of the new NPDES Phase II Stormwater Program, Florence County is now directly linked to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to maintain continuous water quality and quantity sensors in Lynches River. The data from these sensors is made available in realtime to the public through the USGS website.
WETLANDS Wetlands are those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soils. Wetlands are essential components of the landscape of Florence County. Their functions are multiple and diverse and include: Critical breeding, nesting, and feeding habitats for many species of waterfowl, mammals, and reptiles Water quality protection and enhancement by moderating surface runoff, recharging groundwater supplies, and trapping and removing sediments, nutrients, and chemical pollutants Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 88
Spawning and nursery grounds for many commercial fish and shellfish recipes Flood hazard reduction by reducing the velocity of flowing water, absorbing and slowly releasing floodwaters, thereby lowering flood peaks Recreational opportunities for bird watchers, hunters, canoeists, anglers, and others There are about 4.5 million acres of wetlands in South Carolina, about 23.4 percent of the state’s land surface. Only four states – Alaska, Florida, Louisiana and Maine have a higher percentage of wetlands than South Carolina. Florence County is approximately 49% wetlands. Wetlands are a major feature of the landscape in our county. Historically, the value of wetlands has been misunderstood, resulting in the destruction of more than 50 percent of the United States’ naturally occurring wetlands. In the past two decades, 84 percent of wetlands losses have occurred in the southeastern United States.
Since the enactment of the Federal Clean Water Act, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has issued permits to discharge material into waters of the United States, which includes wetlands. As the lead agency permitting activities in wetlands, the Corps determines what areas are wetlands and subject to federal regulations. Many states have a wetland permission program to augment the Federal program. South Carolina does not. This leaves several types of activities in wetlands unregulated including: discharge of untreated stormwater into wetlands, ditching to drain wetlands, and exempted activities such as silviculture (fisheries).
In South Carolina, several state programs that regulate activities in wetlands areas are tied to the Federal permitting program. The SCDHEC’s Bureau of Water must issue a water quality certification for every federal permit that allows a discharge to state waters, including wetlands. SCDHEC’s Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management (OCRM) must certify that any federal action in the coastal zone is consistent with state’s coastal zone management plan. Activities in tidal wetlands require a permit from OCRM.
Carolina Bays are isolated wetlands in natural shallow, elliptical, depressions that are largely fed by rain and shallow groundwater. Researchers believe Carolina Bays are 30,000 to 100,000 years old, yet scientists are not certain of their origins. They are found primarily in North and South Carolina and Georgia but range from Florida to Delaware. They fill with rainwater during winter and spring and dry during summer months. When left in an unaltered condition, these bays are generally considered to be an isolated, freshwater wetland. The bays provide many of the values associated with wetlands including stormwater storage, water quality enhancement, and habitat for many wildlife species. Each bay may range in size of less than one acre to more than 1,000 acres. Only 10% of the original bays remain. More than 97% of the Carolina bays once found in South Carolina have been destroyed or severely altered.
The Natural Resource Conservation Services (NRCS) Wetland Reserve Program (WRP) provides cost- share to landowners to protect these wetland areas. The impact of this successful project has helped other counties restore and mitigate for the loss of wetlands. One possible goal for Florence County is to identify these special areas and to work closely with NRCS and landowners to place these areas in Wetland Reserve Programs for protection.
The City of Florence has implemented a special conservation/reserve program for setting aside sensitive areas of wetlands and open space for protection. In addition, they have implemented a Jeffries Creek Overlay Ordinance that that protects 30 feet of the riparian buffer adjacent to Jeffries Creek in the city.
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FLOODPLAINS Florence County has 22% of total land area composed of 100 year flood plain. Floodplains perform important natural functions including: Temporary storage of floodwaters, Moderation of peak flows, Maintenance of water quality, Groundwater recharge, Erosion prevention, Wildlife habitat, Recreational opportunities.
FLOOD HAZARD AREAS Flood hazard areas are locations that are generally in and around water streams and bodies that are prone to rising waters. The flood hazard areas of Florence County are classified either by the 100 year Flood Zone area or the 500 year Flood Zone area. The 100 year Flood Zone is defined as an area having a 1% chance of being inundated with floodwaters in any given year. Other terms used for this area are “base-flood” or “1% chance flood.” The 500 year Flood Zone is defined as an area of moderate flood hazard. To put this into perspective, a home, for example, that lies in a flood hazard area may have a 0.6% chance of experiencing some form of flood damage during the term of a typical 30-year mortgage.
The floodway of a body of water is the area that carries the most significant amount of floodwater during a flood. Therefore, these areas are likely to have the deepest and fastest water. Floodways must be kept open and free of obstructions to allow floodwaters to move downstream and not be diverted onto other properties. Placing fill or buildings in a floodway may block the flow of water and increase flood heights. Although the FEMA National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) does allow development in these areas as long as it does not obstruct water flow, Florence County should still be cognizant of limiting development in the floodways.
With the many waterways and tributaries in and around Florence County, there are flood hazard areas in nearly every part of the County. In the northern part of the County, where the borders of Darlington, Dillon, and Marlboro counties are located, there is an extensive flood hazard area connected with the waters of the Pee Dee River and Black Creek. On the northwest side of the County, Jeffries Creek and several other swamps enter the County. These tributaries all have flood hazard areas associated with the land adjacent to their banks. Most of the southeastern portion of the County and the entire eastern borders abutting Marion County are within the flood hazard area associated with the Pee Dee River. Lynches River also has an extensive flood hazard area on the western side of the County, which forms part of the border with Lee and Sumter counties. The flood hazard area of the Lynches River continues through the County following the floodway of the river down through the Johnsonville area, where the Lynches and Pee Dee Rivers meet. The map below is a visual display of this information.
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Figure 33 Florence County Flood Zones
Source: Florence County Planning Department
In Florence County, flooding may naturally occur. However, development can also affect the levels of floods. On an undeveloped site, precipitation can either soak into the ground by infiltration to be used by existing vegetation or return to the atmosphere through evaporation. When new houses are built, natural landscapes are converted to lawns, surfaces are paved for parking lots, and other forms of impervious cover are introduced. As a result infiltration and evaporation rates decrease and the amount of surface runoff increases. The same amount of rainfall may cause more surface runoff and more flooding after development than before. To help with this, Florence County currently has a flood damage control ordinance and also participates in the National Flood Insurance Program. All regulations for these items are currently administered by the Florence County Planning Department.
The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) requires participating counties and towns to issue permits for construction in the 100-year floodplain. If state and federal permits are required, development may not begin until all necessary permits are issued. Proposed development must not increase flooding or create a dangerous situation during flooding, especially for adjacent or nearby property owners. Structures must be built to minimize damage during flooding. Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 91
In 1998, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) designated the City of Florence as the first Project Impact Community in South Carolina. A Hazard Evaluation Plan was the first step in determining the risks in the Florence area. Several committees involving both the private and public sectors have addressed these risks and developed the following mitigation actions: Hurricane Awareness displays at Lowes’ Home Improvement stores and other local events, Employee Hazard Awareness events at local industries and businesses, Hurricane Hunter exhibit at Florence airport in cooperation with Florence County Emergency Preparedness, National Weather Service and Pee Dee Electric Cooperative, Florence Area Household Hazardous Waste Collection Days, (Ongoing annual event) City of Florence Hazard Awareness Calendar 2001 distributed to over 13,000 households, Public notices regarding flood risks, flood insurance and suggested mitigation actions.
*For further Stormwater related information and NFIP minimums for building in flood zones, or to obtain copies of the Stormwater Ordinance and Design Manuals, go to the Florence County Government website at http://www.florenceco.org.
HISTORIC FLOOD Historic flooding occurred in early October, 2015 as a persistent plume of tropical moisture dumped never-before-seen amounts of rain across eastern South Carolina. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the heaviest rainfall occurred from October 2nd through 4th with anywhere from 2 to 10 inches of rain falling each day. Storm-total rainfall amounts were 20 to 24 inches near Georgetown and Kingstree, SC, with even higher totals in the Charleston/Mount Pleasant, SC area. According to an NWS Exceedance Probability Analysis on this event, heavy rainfall like this can be expected to occur less than once every thousand years across eastern South Carolina. Farther north rainfall amounts of 10 to 20 inches were reported from Florence to Myrtle Beach and across Brunswick County, NC into Wilmington. Numerous Flash Flood Warnings were issued as high water flooded roads, businesses and homes. Significant River flooding also developed in the days following the rain along most rivers in eastern South Carolina. The all-time record high stage was exceeded on the Black River by almost three feet at Kingstree, SC. Major flooding also occurred along the Waccamaw River near Conway with many dozens of homes flooded. Figure 34 Florence County Black Creek
Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (Photo by Gerry Broome, October 5, 2015)
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Federal funding is potentially available for areas after a natural disaster through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). A windshield sampling of the damage must be sent to FEMA for their qualification assessment. The Florence County Building Inspectors completed a sampling of the damage for Florence County. The table below lists the sampling results. This information does not reflect the total damage in Florence County.
Table 37 Florence County Windshield Sampling MINOR DAMAGE MAJOR DAMAGE DESTROYED STRUCTURE TYPE Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Single or Multi Family 218 $2,699,682 22 $536,186 0 $0 Homes Mobile Homes 195 $612,541 17 $194,191 0 $0 Businesses 21 $253,323 2 $111,461 0 $0 Government Facilities 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 TOTALS 434 $3,565,546 41 $841,838 0 $0 Source: Florence County Planning Department
Figure 35 Florence County Flood Damage Points
Source: Florence County Planning Department
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THREATS TO NATURAL RESOURCES
WATER QUANTITY In 1900 total water use was 430 billion m3 (cubic meters) in South Carolina. By 2000 it was 6,050 billion m3 which reflects 14 fold increase over the 20th century. Some regions are facing severe problems due to scarcity of water resources and pollution of natural waters. In 1900 the relative water use was 81.4% for agriculture, 7.0% for industry, and 4.7 % for urban purposes. By 2000 the relative water use was 56.7% for agriculture, 31.7% for industry, and 3.7% for urban purposes.
The per capita renewable fresh water supply is rapidly declining, especially in dry and hot climates. There may be 1-3 billion people experiencing water stress by 2025.
There is a wealth of published scientific data on methods of land development, erosion control, water quality management, and soil fertility management. It is important to strengthen channels of communication between scientists and policy makers so that valuable and credible scientific data and practical technology can be translated into simple language that policy makers can understand and use to implement constructive strategies for the future.
Intra-basin water withdrawals are currently not regulated by the state. With potential long term water supply crisis facing South Carolina and our neighboring state and the present state of MODERATE to SEVERE DROUGHT PHASE continuing across the state, a water conservation and management plan should be addressed.
In recognition of declining groundwater levels and depletion of local aquifers S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control has designated the Pee Dee region as a Capacity Use Area. Capacity Use Area designation, according to Title 49 Chapter 5 of the South Carolina Code of Laws, requires that ”groundwater resources of the state be put to beneficial use to the fullest extent to which they are capable, subject to reasonable regulation, in order to conserve and protect these resources, prevent waste and to provide and maintain conditions which are conductive to the development and use of water resources.”
Where large amounts of groundwater pumping has caused or will cause a problem, such as saltwater contamination of lower water levels in nearby wells, a Capacity Use Area may be designated by DHEC. There are currently four Capacity Use Areas in South Carolina: the Low Country, Trident, Waccamaw, and the Pee Dee (Darlington, Dillon, Florence, Marion). The purpose is not to prevent the use of or limit access to the groundwater resource, but to ensure that this important resource is available for everyone to use. Large users, such as industries or water suppliers, who plan to pump more than 3 million gallons a month must receive a permit and report the amount withdrawn each year. The Pee Dee Capacity Use Area was designated in 2006. At this point, a large-scale switch was made to use treated surface water as the primary drinking water source for Florence County. A capacity use program for groundwater withdrawals covers only large volume users.
In order to more responsibly manage Florence County’s groundwater resources, the county should consider adopting mechanisms, such as watershed management plans, which would provide additional protection to designated critical water resource areas, including selected watersheds. Additional
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considerations could include land use, development and building regulation revisions to encourage water conservation.
In 1996, various amendments to the federal Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) provide for a greater focus on pollution prevention as an approach to protecting surface water and groundwater supplies from pollution. The amendments require SCDHEC to provide Source Water Assessments to federally defined public water supply systems. SCDHEC has now generated assessment reports for all federally defined public water supply systems.
Improving water use efficiency, decreasing nonpoint source pollution, conserving soil and water resources and restoring degraded soils and ecosystems are important strategies for enhancing and improving supplies of fresh water resources. A County wide plan for water quantity/water conservation should be a near term County goal.
WATER QUALITY The primary threat to water quality in Florence County is from stormwater runoff and loss of natural filtration as a result of reduction of vegetated riparian buffers and wetlands. Over the past several years, Florence County has experienced unprecedented growth. This increased development alters the surface of the land by replacing natural cover with rooftops, roads, parking lots, driveways and sidewalks. These hard surfaces are impermeable to rainfall and are collectively known as impervious cover.
Over 200 watershed studies have shown that impervious cover and the polluted run off from that impervious cover can have a negative impact on the quality of our nation's aquatic resources. Non-point source pollution (NPS) is the technical term for polluted runoff. It occurs when water flowing over the land picks up an array of contaminants, which find their way into our waterways, either directly or through storm drain collection systems. The term non-point is used to distinguish this type of pollution from point source pollution, which comes from specific sources such as industrial facilities or sewage treatment plants. The Environmental Protection Agency has estimated that NPS is the single largest cause of the deterioration of our nation's water quality. Polluted runoff is largely the result of the way we develop, use and maintain our land.
When development occurs, the resultant alterations to the land can lead to dramatic changes to the hydrology, or the way water is transported and stored. Impervious man-made surfaces (roads, driveways, rooftops) and compacted earth associated with development create a barrier to the seepage of rainfall into the soil, thus increasing surface runoff and decreasing groundwater infiltration. This disruption of the natural water cycle leads to a number of changes, including: 1) increased volume and velocity of runoff, 2) increased frequency and severity of flooding, 3) peak (storm) flows many times greater than in undisturbed eco-systems, 4) loss of natural runoff storage capacity in vegetation, wetlands, and soil, 5) reduced groundwater recharge and 6) decreased base flow, the groundwater contribution to stream flow.
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Figure 36 Natural Water Cycle
Source: NEMO, Linking Land Use to Water Quality
Figure 37 Impacts of Development
Source: NEMO, Linking Land Use to Water Quality
Development results in more intensive land use and a related increase in the generation of pollutants. Increased runoff serves to transport these pollutants directly into waterways, creating nonpoint source pollution, or polluted runoff. Stormwater runoff is widely recognized by environmental scientists and regulators as the single largest threat to water quality in the United States.
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The hydrologic, physical and ecological changes caused by development can have a dramatic impact on the natural function of our waterways. When increased pollution is added, the combination can be devastating. In fact, many studies are finding a direct relationship between the intensity of development in an area - as indicated by the amount of impervious surfaces - and the degree of degradation of its waterways. These studies suggest that water quality begins to degrade at impervious levels of 12% to 15%, or at even lower levels for particularly sensitive waters.
Figure 38 Water Quality and Impervious Surface
Relationship Between Percentage Imperviousness and Water Quality 80
70
60
50
(%) 40
30 DEGRADED
20 IMPACTED
WATERSHED IMPERVIOUSNESS WATERSHED 10 PROTECTED 0 WATER QUALITY DEGRADATION Source: Adapted from Schueler, et al, 1992 The figure above shows the relationship between impervious land coverage and water quality. Pervious surfaces including wetland systems provide drainage, aquatic habitat, and a degree of pollutant removal through natural processing.
There are several widely accepted methods to accommodate development in a way that addresses stormwater runoff and its environmental effect including low impact development techniques.
Low Impact Development (LID) techniques provide ways to simultaneously incorporate economic and environmental considerations into the land development process in order to keep the perviousness of the land as close to pre-construction levels as possible. This approach uses various planning and design practices and technologies to simultaneously conserve and protect natural resource systems while reducing infrastructure costs. LID still allows land to be developed, but in a cost-effective manner that helps mitigate potential environmental impacts. LID is best suited for new, suburban development. Developers who have used LID practices and technologies have indicated that one of the keys to a successful project is to invest additional time and money in the initial planning stages of development. While this idea may be unpopular because of increased up-front costs, the expenditures are often recouped in the form of rapid home sales, enhanced community marketability, and higher lot yields.
LID deals mainly in three major development topics: stormwater management, wastewater management and circulation design. LID storm water management systems can reduce development costs through the reduction or elimination of conventional storm water conveyance and collection systems. LID systems can reduce the need for paving, curb and gutter, piping, inlet structures, and storm water ponds by treating water at its source instead of at the end of the pipe. However,
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developers are not the only parties to benefit from the use of LID storm water management techniques. Municipalities also benefit in the long term through reduced maintenance costs. When dealing with wastewater, the LID approach gives developers a variety of on-site wastewater treatment system options either as alternatives or enhancements to conventional septic systems. LID designs for streets, sidewalks, and driveways can maintain the functions of circulation while helping to reduce expanses of impervious surfaces that can alter local hydrology and degrade water quality. In turn, new street designs can influence the layout of lots and help to increase the volume of open space in new residential developments. When coupled with narrower, open-section streets, a well-designed street layout can eliminate hundreds of square feet of impervious surface. Depending on the density, location, and type of subdivision, different types of street layouts may easily lend themselves to a cluster arrangement, conserving natural features, maintaining open space, and protecting water quality.
PLANT/ANIMAL HABITATS & ENDANGERED SPECIES Within the many forested areas of Florence County are the habitats of a host of animal species that make the County and the surrounding areas their home. More specifically, Florence County’s animal life includes woodcock, snipe, ducks, mergansers, coots, Canada goose, deer, fox, raccoon, minks, otters, coyote, and bobcats.
The importance of the various animal species among the County’s wildlife population is essential in the proper functioning of the entire biotic system in the region. Current knowledge of all the interrelated relationships between individual species is limited. The presence of some wildlife species helps to identify certain natural communities and plant life. The red cockaded woodpecker and the longleaf pine/grassland plant community are an example of community identification by association with the known habitat of the specific animal. This association may also be helpful in identifying disruptions in the natural habitat as the presence of such animal populations decline or change over time.
The table below lists some of the plants and animals in the Florence County region that have been placed on the list of rare, endangered or threatened species. This information was gathered from the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources.
As indicated in this table, there are a variety of different plant and animal species in Florence County, many of which are threatened or endangered species. Therefore, special attention should be given to protecting the habitats of these species.
Table 38 Florence County Endangered Plant and Animal Life SPECIES GLOBAL DEGREE OF STATE DEGREE OF COMMON NAME LEGAL STATUS GROUP ENDANGERMENT ENDANGERMENT Georgia Leadplant Plant Very Rare or Restricted Unknown Of State Concern Blue Maiden-Cane Plant Apparently Secure Unknown Of State Concern Black-Stem Plant Demonstrably Secure Critical or Imperiled Of State Concern Spleenwort Narrowleaf Sedge Plant Demonstrably Secure Unknown Of State Concern Willdenow's Reported, but lacking good Plant Demonstrably Secure Of State Concern Sedge documentation Meadow Sedge Plant Demonstrably Secure Unknown Of State Concern Cayaponia Plant Apparently secure Unknown Of State Concern
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Seabirds and/or Birds Unknown Unknown Of State Concern Wading Birds Southeastern Very Rare or Restricted Plant Unknown Of State Concern Tickseed to Demonstrably Secure Gravel Elimia Snails Apparently Secure Unknown Of State Concern State Endangered as of Bald Eagle Birds Apparently Secure Imperiled June 28, 2007 Loggerhead Shrike Birds Apparently Secure Rare or Uncommon Of State Concern Imperiled to Very Boykin's Lobelia Plant Unknown Of State Concern Rare or Restricted Climbing Fern Plant Apparently Secure Critical to Imperiled Of State Concern Carolina Bird-In-A- Imperiled to Very Plant Unknown Of State Concern Nest Rare or Restricted Federal and State Canby's Dropwort Plant Imperiled Critical Endangered Red-Cockaded Federal and State Birds Very Rare or Restricted Imperiled Woodpecker Endangered Pickerel Frog Amphibian Demonstrably Secure Unknown Of State Concern Awned Plant Very Rare or Restricted Imperiled Of State Concern Meadowbeauty May White Plant Imperiled Imperiled Of State Concern Reported, but lacking good Horned Beakrush Plant Apparently Secure Of State Concern documentation Tracy Beakrush Plant Apparently Secure Unknown Of State Concern Stalkless Plant Demonstrably Secure Unknown Of State Concern Yellowcress Federal and State Chaffseed Plant Imperiled Imperiled Endangered Imperiled to Very Ovate Catchfly Plant Unknown Of State Concern Rare or Restricted Broad-Toothed Plant Demonstrably Secure Critical Of State Concern Hedge-Nettle Reported, but lacking good Ovate Marsh Fern Plant Very rare or Restricted Of State Concern documentation Apparently to Weak Nettle Plant Unknown Of State Concern Demonstrably Secure Source: South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
AIR QUALITY The quality of air in Florence County and throughout our region is important for a variety of reasons. The Clean Air Act required the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to set National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for six common air pollutants. These commonly found air pollutants (also known as "criteria pollutants") are found all over the United States. They are ground level ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfer dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead and particulate matter. These pollutants can harm your health and the environment. EPA calls these pollutants "criteria" air pollutants because it sets
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NAAQS for them based on the human health-based and/or environmentally-based criteria (characterizations of the scientific information).
The set of standards based on human health for protection of public health is called primary standards. Another set of standards intended to prevent environmental and property damage for protection of public welfare is called secondary standards. Where a criteria pollutant is actually a group of pollutants (e.g., nitrogen oxides), the standards are set for key or indicator pollutants within the group (e.g., nitrogen dioxide). Ozone is found in two regions of the Earth’s atmosphere- at ground level and in the upper
regions of the atmosphere. Both types of ozone have the same chemical composition (O3). While upper atmospheric ozone forms a protective layer from the sun’s harmful rays, ground level ozone is the primary component of smog. Ground-level ozone is not emitted directly into the air, but forms through a reaction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight. Emissions from industrial facilities and electric utilities, motor vehicle exhaust, gasoline vapors,
and chemical solvents are the major man-made sources of NOx and VOCs. Be3cause sunlight and hot weather accelerate its formation, ozone is mainly a summertime air pollutant. Both urban and rural areas can have high ozone levels, often due to transport of
ozone or its precursors (NOx and VOCs) from hundreds of miles away.
Health effects associated with exposure to ground-level ozone include: Reduced lung function, making it more difficult for people to breathe as deeply and vigorously as normal; Irritated airways, causing coughing, sore or scratchy throat, pain when taking a deep breath and shortness of breath; Increased frequency of asthma attacks; Inflammation of and damage to the lining of the lung; Increased susceptibility to respiratory infection; and Aggravation of chronic lung diseases such as asthma, emphysema and bronchitis.
In some people, these effects can lead to: Increased medication use among asthmatics; More frequent doctor visits; School absences; and Increased emergency room visits and hospital admissions.
Ozone may continue to cause lung damage even when the symptoms have disappeared. Breathing ozone may contribute to premature death, especially in people with heart and lung disease.
The Clean Air Act law requires the EPA to review the NAAQS once every five years to determine whether revisions to the standards are appropriate. The last review was in 2008 with the NAAQS being set at 75 parts per billion (ppb). On October 1, 2015, the EPA announced the new NAAQS for ozone will be set at 70 ppb. When the design value is higher than the NAAQS in a specific area, the area is designated by the EPA as "non-attainment." If the area meets the standard they are designated "attainment." In a case that there is not enough data to make the designation, the EPA will designate the area as "unclassifiable." Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 100
When an area is designated as “non-attainment”, it is first classified as to a violation of severe, moderate or marginal. Then the state air quality agency, which is the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) is required to come up with a plan to solve the air quality problem within a predetermined time frame. This basically means that before a new transportation related facility or an alteration of an existing transportation facility can be executed, several steps and documents must be completed. Florence County is currently in attainment for ozone.
UNIQUE SCENIC VIEWS & RECREATION AREAS This section includes scenic views, scenic sites and unique parks and recreation areas that enhance the natural features of the County. There are a number of areas and sites in the County that generally inspire appreciation for the natural environment and resources of Florence and contribute to the quality of life to area residents. Natural scenic areas exist in nearly every part of Florence County. Even some developed areas have rural characteristics such as roadways with canopy trees and moss coverings, which may add to the scenic experience. These rural attributes may contribute to the level of enjoyment and quality of life for many of the residents. A number of natural scenic sites, including streams, developed recreational areas, and boating facilities are located in the County. The following facilities allow greater access to natural resources in the Pee Dee area.
SCENIC RIVERS PROGRAM The basic method of river corridor protection is a cooperative, voluntary management program created by landowners, community interests, and the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. The intent of the program is to bring landowners together to study the river and key river issues and to address these issues and management practices on lands bordering the river. Together, landowners and other interested parties in the community develop a scenic river management plan that recommends long term management strategies oriented toward preserving traditional uses of the river and the preservation of the scenic beauty of the river corridor.
The Great Pee Dee River in lower Florence County from the Highway 378 bridge down to Georgetown was given the scenic designation by the State Legislature in 2006. Presently, there is an effort by the Coastal Conservation League to have the portion above Highway 378 designated as well. This portion of the river boasts some of the most unusual limestone cliffs and scenic vistas in the Pee Dee as well as being significant historical and archeological sites.
Lynches River Lynches River features towering cypress trees and sandhills offering a wide variety of vegetation. Attractions along the river include fishing, canoeing, kayaking, and hiking along nature trails. Lynches River enters the County on the west near Cartersville and runs through the middle and southeast parts of the County. Its boundaries merge with the Great Pee Dee River in the southeastern corner of the County. In 1992, the Upper Lynches River, which runs from Lee County to Lynches River County Park in Florence County, was designated as a scenic river by the SC Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR). The study conducted on the Upper Lynches River found that the overall wild character of the river is intact, it is free flowing, and it provides exceptional recreational values. Four wildlife species of concern were found to be inhabitants of the area surrounding the Upper Lynches including: the fox squirrel, the pickerel frog, the spotted turtle, and the red-cockaded woodpecker. In addition, landowners were in favor of the scenic river designation, as was the Florence, Sumter, Lee, & Darlington County Councils and
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the State Legislature. The Lynches River is significant because it provides miles of natural wildlife corridor, which serves as a refuge for area-sensitive species. The recreational opportunities are also unique and exceptional. The SCDNR is currently in the process of studying the Lower Lynches River for possible designation as a scenic river as well.
Figure 39 Lynches River County Park
Source: Florence County Planning Department
Jeffries Creek While Jeffries Creek spans across the northern portion of Florence County, a park is located at 1501 Hillside Drive between Edisto Drive and DeBerry Boulevard. This 55-acre park features nature trails, playgrounds and a picnic area and shelter. Figure 40 Jeffries Creek
Source: Florence County Planning Department
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Trails The Rail Trail is located on the west side of Florence and totals 10.28 miles. The Freedom Florence Trails are located on the east side of Florence and total 8.08 miles. This network of trails is used for fitness and outdoor enjoyment. The trails can be accessed from several urban connector locations. These connectors are in the area of the Magnolia Mall, Veterans Park, McLeod Park and Live Oak. The urban connectors contain a total of 21.81 miles. The trails are a perfect opportunity to view some beautiful natural scenery inside the city limits of Florence.
Figure 41 Florence Rail Trail
Source: Florence County Planning Department
In addition to the Rail Trail, numerous boat ramps in Florence County provide access to the scenic waterways listed previously. These ramps allow access to view the beautiful natural scenery of the waterways in Florence County by providing entry to these scenic bodies of water.
Boat Ramps/River Access/River Landings SC Highway 327 Boat Ramp on Black Creek US Highway 52 Boat Ramp on Lynches River Odell Venters on Lynches River Bazens Landing on the Great Pee Dee River Dewitts Bluff on the Great Pee Dee River Ellison Landing on the Great Pee Dee River Persimmon Bluff on Lynches River Timber or Ginn’s Bluff on Lynches River Bottle Landing on Lynches River Pitts Landing on Lynches River Mack Lake on Lynches River River Rest (aka Timber Landing) is located on Lynches River Bass Bridge on Lynches River Courtney Point on Lynches River Cockfield Landing on Lynches River Anderson Bridge on Lynches River High Bank located on Lynches River
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Rush Landing located on Lynches River Bostick’s Landing on Great Pee Dee River
South Carolina Heritage Trust Program The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources’ Heritage Trust Program was created in 1976, the first such program in the nation. It was established to preserve those natural features and cultural landmarks that are quickly disappearing as the state’s population increases in size. The program’s purpose is to identify, evaluate, and protect the elements considered the most outstanding representatives of the state’s heritage. There are currently no heritage preserves in Florence County.
Open Space Planning Planning for Open Space can help to prioritize lands for acquisition and donation so that the County will have an interconnected network of usable open spaces and viable natural resource conservation lands. Open Space planning can also enhance access to parks and recreation areas, tie into the current Rail Trails program, enhance quality of living for residents, improve health through increased physical activity and benefit tourism in the County.
Growth Potential and Management Land use and management can define the impact to natural resources, particularly to water resources in relation to water quality. Assessing the potential for an area to expand and grow allows for water quality planning to occur and permits monitoring for potential impairment of water quality. Indicators used to predict growth potential include water and sewer service, road and highway accessibility, and population trends. These indicators and others are used to determine areas within the Pee Dee River Basin having the greatest potential for impacts to water quality as a result of development.
Road systems, water systems and utility systems are not built piece by piece without any advanced planning or coordination between different system components. Built infrastructure systems are planned, designed and invested far in advance of their actual use. The same principles and approaches that are used for built infrastructure should be followed when looking at our natural resources, our green infrastructure. Green Infrastructure is the interconnected network of protected land and water that supports native species, maintains natural ecological processes, sustains air and water resources, and contributes to the health and quality of life for Florence County residents. This green infrastructure is important to the economic future of Florence County and planning needs to be proactive with an eye towards preserving and protecting as much of this green infrastructure as possible.
The focus of green infrastructure is preservation of natural (green) areas for their beneficial functions of watershed protection, stormwater and flood control, groundwater recharge, flora and fauna habitat and natural resources (timber, fish, game, etc.) The Green Infrastructure Center has developed modeling software for South Carolina using existing data bases to identify and prioritize natural areas for conservation/preservation and to identify corridors to connect these areas. Local-specific data can also be plugged into the model or used to substitute for the more generalized state-wide default data bases. The resultant green infrastructure is an interconnected network of natural areas that not only serve some or all of the beneficial functions listed above, but creates an opportunity for greenways, trails, parks and other outdoor recreational activities that promote physical activity and active lifestyles. The
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dual function of green infrastructure of promoting the health of the ecology as well as the public health is a powerful justification for advocacy by Florence County policy makers.
Researcher Dr. Francis Kuo has found that people with greater access to green environments exhibit better well-being and increased function scores in social, psychological and physical health. The research also states that access to green environments can help enhance recovery from surgery, improve immune function, improve healthy blood glucose levels and improve independent living skills and functional health among seniors. Access to green environments enables higher levels of physical activity for all age groups. Dr. Kuo also found that environments with less green space are associated with higher rates of childhood obesity, 15 out of 24 categories of physician-diagnosed diseases and higher rates of mortality in younger and older adults.
Natural Resource Conservation There are several non-profit groups advocating for the conservation and preservation of Natural Resources in Florence County. They are: The Pee Dee Land Trust is a 501(c)3, nonprofit organization dedicated to protecting our region’s significant agricultural, historical, and natural areas through the use of conservation easements. Additionally, the Land Trust provides educational programs and outreach activities. Its focus area includes eight counties that border the Great Pee Dee River in South Carolina including Florence County. The Pee Dee Chapter of the Sierra Club whose statement of purpose is to explore, enjoy, and protect wild places of the earth; to practice and promote responsible use of the earth’s ecosystems and resources; to educate and enlist humanity to protect and restore the quality of the natural and human environment; and to use lawful means to carry out these objectives. The Pee Dee River Watchers program is responsible for advocating compliance with environmental laws, identifying problems which affect the Great Pee Dee River, responding to citizen complaints, educating the public, and advocating for the public’s right to protect and defend the environment. Responsible Economic Development is a land watch group that is involved in protecting and enhancing the community through participation in land use decisions, zoning, and development that minimizes impact to natural resources as well educating the public on the effect of urban sprawl.
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GOALS AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES The goals of the Natural Resources Element seek to promote an atmosphere of recognition, enhancement, and protection of the natural resources in Florence County in order to heighten the appeal and character of the community and promote a better quality of life for all residents.
GOAL 1 Establish an atmosphere of awareness and importance of the natural resources in Florence County to include scenic areas, unique plant and animal habitats, wetlands, and prime agricultural and forest lands.
Implementation Strategy: Inventory all key natural and scenic resources in the County. This information should be shared with developers in the Florence area. Furthermore, Florence County may periodically sponsor natural resources awareness campaigns.
Adopt an agriculture overlay ordinance in the County to preserve current agricultural areas and ensure that farming/agriculture operations are not adversely affected by new residential and commercial developments. (short term)
Time Frame: 1 year. This element can be used as a starting point.
GOAL 2 Protect natural resources while shaping the future development of Florence County with special emphasis on protecting rare and endangered species habitats.
Implementation Strategy: Review new development proposals for impacts to natural resources, and establish a staff person to consider the impact of new developments upon natural resources and natural conditions, which may include scenic areas, unique plant and animal habitats, wetlands, and prime agricultural and forest lands more specifically and as part of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Phase II Storm Water regulations, county staff should review and inspect development for compliance. This can be accomplished in conjunction with Goal 1 and the Land Use Element of the Florence County/Municipal Comprehensive Plan.
Time Frame: Review criteria and staff member hired within 1 year. Continue implementation thereafter.
GOAL 3 Strive to protect air quality of Florence County and the Pee Dee region before it becomes an observed problem.
Implementation Strategy: Implement the TABFTE campaign in order to promote activities which improve air quality. Hopefully this program will be a countywide success and other businesses will follow in the footsteps of Florence County by implementing the program in their own organizations. Cooperate with state and federal agencies in the efforts to monitor air quality. (continuously) Work with known sources of air pollution to maintain and reduce emissions and to mitigate the effects to the extent possible. (short term)
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Work with known sources of air pollution to maintain and reduce emissions and to mitigate the effects to the extent possible. (short term) Minimize domestic burning of field and yard debris, trash, etc. (short term) Minimize vehicle trips by partnering with PDRTA to establish park and ride lots to employment centers, shopping area and recreation areas. (short term) Provide incentives for the creation of an interconnected system of sidewalks, bike lanes, on- and off-street bike and walking trails and other bicycle and pedestrian facilities as means of transportation. (short term) Encourage and provide incentives for mixed use developments built for pedestrian friendly use which minimize the daily number of car trips necessary. (short term)
Time Frame: Continuous implementation of the program in order to constantly reduce the amount of air pollution in Florence County.
GOAL 4 To preserve and enhance the scenic areas of Florence County.
Implementation Strategy: Work in conjunction with the Pee Dee Land Trust and local land owners to expand the use of conservation easements in rural agricultural, scenic, historical areas to encourage easements where appropriate to instate voluntary land protection.
Time Frame: 15-20 years to complete implementation, with a comprehensive list to be developed within 2 years.
GOAL 5 To promote alternative forms of energy use.
Implementation Strategy: Explore the use of energy in public, commercial, and residential uses. Investigate available technologies and then educate county staff on advantages and disadvantages.
Time Frame: Research and education to begin within 1 year and continue throughout the life of this document.
GOAL 6 To protect and promote solar natural resources.
Implementation Strategy: Explore the use of solar energy in public, commercial, and residential uses. Investigate available technologies and then educate building inspection staff on advantages and disadvantages.
Time Frame: Research and education to begin within 1 year and continue throughout the life of this document.
GOAL 7 Reduce erosion through techniques such as terrace building and tree planting.
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Implementation Strategy: Pass an ordinance which requires the planting of trees and the building of terraces when development occurs.
Time Frame: Ordinance to be drafted and passed within one year. This goal will work in conjunction with the Land Use Element of the Florence County/Municipal Comprehensive Plan.
GOAL 8 a. Consider watershed boundaries as well as political boundaries when making major land use decisions. b. Protect jurisdictional and other wetlands, floodplains, and other ecologically sensitive areas such as riparian corridors and watersheds.
Implementation Strategy: With Florence County being the downstream recipient of water from the Catawba, and Yadkin River watersheds, which cross county and state boundaries, it is essential to encourage the creation of interstate and intergovernmental, compacts, which address watershed issues. (Intermediate to long term) Cooperate with the Natural Resource Conservation Service to promote the Wetlands Reserve Program as a viable conservation option for qualified landowners. (continuous) Adopt more stringent building requirements for land disturbance in the 100-year flood zone. (short term) Provide incentives for developers to preserve natural vegetation at residential development sites. (short term) Establish an annual awards program highlighting projects that have successfully implemented creative development techniques that conserve natural resources. (short term to intermediate) Cooperate with public education providers by sponsoring workshops, publications and other outreach efforts that could assist private landowners, developers and engineers in implementing natural resources conservation practices on large and small scale. (continuous)
Time Frame: as noted above
GOAL 9 a. Maintain and improve the surface water quality for all waterbodies located in Florence County. b. Restore and maintain the chemical, physical, biological integrity of the County’s waters so that they can support the protection and propagation of fish, and wildlife and recreation in and on the water. c. The County should take an active role in encouraging development techniques which maintain or improve water quality.
Implementation Strategy: Develop and implement an outreach program to educate residents, tourists and community leaders on the unique and fragile ecosystems of Florence County on behavior that can help or harm this resource. (short term) New County buildings should incorporate low impact design techniques and LEED certification into the overall site plan as a model for private developers by 2015. (short term to intermediate)
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Study land use and zoning around water supply sources, both surface waters and wells and implement policies that would further a protection program. (long term) Work with SCDHEC to implement programs, which will improve the surface water quality of those segments of river and which have been listed as impaired Waterbodies. (continuous) Work with Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education, the Natural Resource Conservation Service, the Farm Bureau and local agricultural and mine landowners to address issues that affect water quality including confined animal feeding operations, buffering, irrigation, and dewatering. (short term)
Time Frame: as noted above
GOAL 10 Assess and create a plan addressing water quantity including water conservation and management policies.
Implementation Strategy: Designate impaired waterways pursuant to State and Federal water quality standards. (short term) Maximize buffers and inputs to impaired waterways from development and other uses that will further impact water quality and quantity. (intermediate) Cooperate with State and Federal agencies and develop land development, forestry, and agricultural best management practices for land uses adjacent to water bodies. (long term)
Time Frame: as noted above
GOAL 11 Conserve the essential flood reduction, groundwater recharge, pollution filtering, and recreation functions of wetlands.
Implementation Strategy: Seek to alleviate point source pollution. (continuous) Upgrade stormwater facilities to meet future demand. (continuous) Utilize the development review process to ensure proper stormwater management techniques. (continuous)
Time Frame: as noted above
GOAL 12 Ensure that flood prone areas and floodways are maintained for their essential natural functions.
Implementation Strategy: Minimize wetland impacts during new and expanded development. (continuous) Support wetland creation and restoration projects. (continuous) Seek conservation easements on privately-owned wetlands that will preserve its natural function into perpetuity. (continuous)
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Time Frame: as noted above
GOAL 13 Improve stormwater and drainage management.
Implementation Strategy: Provide incentives for developers to incorporate creative stormwater management techniques into their developments including LID, green building technology, pervious surfaces, rain gardens, and bio-retention areas. (short term) Prepare a comprehensive drainage master plan for the County as a way to take a more holistic approach to stormwater management. Areas with significant drainage problems should have more stringent stormwater requirements placed on new development. (long term) Improve stormwater management and computer modeling capabilities. (intermediate) Develop a capital improvements plan to resolve major drainage basin problems. (short term) New County buildings should incorporate low impact design techniques into the overall site plan as a model for private developers. (short term to intermediate)
Time Frame: as noted above
GOAL 14 Florence County needs to protect and conserve its forests, agriculture, plant and animal habitat, and urban trees while increasing its preserved open areas, scenic areas and recreational opportunities.
Implementation Strategy: Through the development review process, minimize the destruction of existing trees to ensure ecological and aesthetic benefits. (continuous) Promote the use of native species whenever possible. (continuous) Produce a Countywide Open Space Plan to guide the creation of permanently protected, interconnected, usable open areas within residential developments and around other significant features in the County. (long term) Develop and implement a green infrastructure network. (long term) Determine the feasibility of creating a ‘no net loss’ of tree canopy for new and expanding developments. (short term) Seek conservation easements on priority natural resources for perpetual protection. (intermediate)
Time Frame: as noted above
GOAL 15 Protect and conserve the ecologically important areas and promotion of sustainable land use.
Implementation Strategy: Amend the Land Development Regulations to address defensible space as a wildfire mitigation technique when new development is proposed in close proximity to large tracts of forested land. (short term)
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Provide incentives to developers to maintain existing vegetation within new commercial and residential development. (short term) Create a tree preservation ordinance to include standards for conservation that would both enhance the aesthetic and the environmental function of urban trees. (short term) Support adding property to the Heritage Preserves and Pee Dee Land Trust. (continuous) Encourage property owners to participate in the Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program of the Natural Resources Conservation Service. (short term to intermediate) Develop an Open Space Plan. (long term) Explore creative planning techniques, such as transfer of development rights, as a means to conserve important natural and scenic features of the County. (short term to intermediate) Encourage the reuse and upgrade of existing infrastructure rather than the expansion of infrastructure into undeveloped areas. (short term) Work with the Master Gardeners and other local organizations to educate landowners and developers on the benefits of native species and the hazards of invasive species within their developments. (short term)
Time Frame: as noted above
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HOUSING ELEMENT The composition and demographics of Florence County households provide information related to community needs and services. Florence County had 58,666 total housing units according to the 2010 Census. Approximately 89.8% were occupied. For the same year, South Carolina had 2,137,683 housing units, of which of which 84.3% were occupied. The 2010 Census estimates the average number of persons per household in Florence County at 52.5 persons, down from 2.6 in 2000.
Urban areas generally require more housing options than predominately rural areas. While development in parts of Florence County is expanding, other portions remain more agrarian in nature. Housing types in Florence County include single-family detached units, single-family units connected with at least one common wall, a variety of multi-family housing units where more than one family unit is connected, manufactured housing units, and a collective group of other housing arrangements, which may include campers, houseboats, railroad cars and vans. The U.S. Census describes these housing categories:
Single-Family Detached Units: This class of housing includes all individual units with open space on all four sides. Manufactured homes that have had one or more permanent rooms added are also included in this category. As specified in the Florence County Zoning Ordinance, single-family, detached housing is permitted in the following zoning categories: R-1, R-2, R-3, R-3A, R-4, R-5, R-5A, B-1, B-2, B-3, RU-1, RU- 1A and RU-2.
Single-Family Attached Housing Units: This class of housing unit consists of one or more walls extending from the ground to the roof that separate the adjoining units. This would include row houses, townhouses, double houses and other one-unit housing structures attached to other structures by a common wall which extends from the ground to the roof. As specified in the Florence County Zoning Ordinance, single-family attached housing is permitted in the following zoning categories: R-3A, R-4, R-5, R-5A, RU-1 and RU-1A.
Multi-Family Units: This class of housing includes structures containing two or more dwelling units. Condominiums, apartments, duplexes, triplexes and quadraplexes are examples of this type of unit. As specified in the Florence County Zoning Ordinance, multi-family housing is permitted in the following zoning categories: R-3A, R-5, R-5A, B-3 and B-5.
Manufactured Homes: This class of housing includes manufactured homes, which do not have a permanent or site built room added to it. Advantages associated with manufactured homes include their relatively lower construction and financing cost in comparison to site built homes. Disadvantages associated with manufactured homes would be their susceptibility to wind damage and safety hazards during hurricanes and tornadoes. As specified in the Florence County Zoning Ordinance, residential designed manufactured homes are conditionally permitted in the R-3 and R-5 zoning categories. Residential design and standard design are conditionally permitted in the RU-1 and RU-2 zoning categories. Manufactured Home Parks are conditionally permitted only in the R-5 zoning category.
Each of the above referenced housing types is allowed in a Planned Development District (PD). Any use or combination of uses meeting the objectives of Section of Chapter 30 of the Florence County Zoning Ordinance may be established in a PD upon review and approved amendatory action by the Council with jurisdiction. Once approved, the proposed use(s) and no others shall be permitted. Said
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uses shall be identified and listed on the basis of classification, i.e. retail, office, wholesale, residential multi-family, residential single-family, detached manufacturing. As defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, a housing unit is a house, an apartment, a mobile home or trailer, a group of rooms, or a single room that is occupied (or if vacant, is intended for occupancy). The table below shows housing types for South Carolina, Florence County and surrounding counties. Both occupied and vacant housing units are included in the housing unit totals. Table 39 Housing Types for Florence and Adjacent Counties Attached Single- Units County Total Family Mobile Housing Detached Single- 2 - 4 5 - 9 10+ (%) Home Units Units (%) Family or (2010) Other (%) 1,329,934 South Carolina 2,137,683 (62.3%) 55,434 109,211 103,215 165,338 20.2 371,274 (17.3) Florence 58,666 36,011 733 3,962 3,447 1,797 16.9 12,539 (61.6) (21.3) Clarendon 17,467 9,275 93 353 365 262 6.1 7,048 (53.3) (40.3) Darlington 30,297 18,896 200 1,120 648 374 7.7 9,065 (62.4) (29.9) Dillon 13,742 7,617 23 652 260 127 7.7 5,008 (55.7) (36.4) Lee 7,775 4,535 15 149 157 106 5.4 2,824 (58.2) (36.3) Marion 14,953 9,121 125 998 286 53 9.7 4,386 (60.9) (29.3) Marlboro 12,072 7,698 51 916 244 64 10.5 3,066 (63.9) (25.3) Sumter 46,011 28,126 742 2,818 1,638 1,726 15.0 11,029 (61.0) (23.9) Williamsburg 15,359 8,553 43 538 310 130 6.5 5,797 (55.6) (37.3)
Sources: US Census Bureau, 2010 American Factfinder, 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate
Compared to the 2000 Census year, Florence County's total number of housing units in 2010 has increased from 51,836 to 58,666. The data in the seven columns in the table above that indicate the types of housing is a five-year estimate from the American Community Survey for the years 2008-2012. When compared to adjacent counties, Florence County has the largest number of attached units in each housing
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category with exception of the single-family attached units. Sumter County has the largest amount of single-family attached units and is second to Florence in each of the housing categories.
Comparing 2000 and 2010 Census data, Florence County had a small increase in single family detached category by 11%, 0.1; the county seen a slight increase in both single family attached and multi-family category by 2.0%. The mobile home or other category for Florence County increased by for Florence County decreased by 1.6%. However, Florence County has the lowest percentage of mobile home and other category compared to the other adjacent counties.
LOCATION Housing density in Florence County varies from rural to urban landscapes and often takes on characteristics unique to each municipality. As shown in the Population Element, the City of Florence and Lake City have higher densities of persons per square mile than the other municipalities and a much higher density than that of the unincorporated areas as expected. The table below further examines rural and urban populations.
Table 40 2010 Urban and Rural Population Percentages South Carolina 66.3% 33.7% 26.4 -1.7 Florence 61.5% 38.5% 15.4 -0.2 Clarendon 14.3% 85.7% 4.7 8.1 Darlington 42.2% 57.8% -5.1 7.8 Dillon 30.5% 69.5% -7.3 10.4 Lee 28.0% 72.0% 43.1 -15.4 Marion 39.2% 60.8% -7.7 -6.1 Marlboro 45.0% 55.0% -14.5 17.1 Sumter 68.0% 32.0% 12.5 -13.5 Williamsburg 18.1% 81.9% 10.3 -10.7 Source: SC Statistical Abstract, 2010
As shown above, Florence and Sumter counties have urban populations greater than 60%. With vacancy percentages in line or below the state average (data displayed later in the element) the housing demands in these urban settings are higher than the rural settings. This could be attributed to the rapid rise in population and better job and economic development opportunities in Florence and Sumter counties.
In contrast, counties in the Pee Dee region with the highest rural population have the highest percentage of housing units. Individuals who live in rural counties live in mobile homes or other type of housing. According to the Census, every county that is adjacent to Florence County, individuals who live in mobile homes or other types of housing makeup more than 25% of the housing units. In Williamsburg County, 40.4% of the housing units are mobile homes or other type of housing. Clarendon and Williamsburg counties rural population is greater than 80%. This data could provide valuable information in regards to the use of market conditions for housing types in the urban and rural areas.
The total number of building permits issued for Florence County from 2009 through 2013 was 1,081. The observed patterns shown in the table below indicate that single-family residential homes comprised the vast majority of building permits issued. The number of multi-family housing unit permits issued is
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relatively low when compared to the single-family residential permits and fails to display a significant trend.
The total number of building permits issued for Florence County from 2009 through 2013 was 1,081. The observed patterns shown below indicate that single-family residential homes comprised the vast majority of building permits issued. The number of multi-family housing unit permits issued is relatively low when compared to the single-family residential permits and fails to display a significant trend.
Table 41 New Housing Units or Additions by Type Permitted for Florence County SINGLE FAMILY YEAR SINGLE FAMILY MULTI-FAMILY TOTAL ADDITIONS 2009 228 3636 264 102 2010 166 44 170 109 2011 132 24 156 103 2012 191 1010 201 77 2013 284 66 290 72 Source: Florence County Building Department
As most of the homes constructed in the recent past are single-family homes, looking at the income level of Florence County may provide insight. The income level may impact demand for particular type housing units in the County. The estimated median family income levels for Florence County and adjacent counties are shown below. The most recent median family income is for 2009. Florence County has the highest median family income in the Pee Dee region. Florence County’s median family income has increased from $43,000 to $50,200 from 2000 to 2009.
Table 42 Median Family Income for Florence and Adjacent Counties MEDIAN FAMILY MEDIAN FAMILY MEDIAN FAMILY MEDIAN FAMILY COUNTY INCOME (2000) INCOME (2003) INCOME (2006) INCOME (2009) South Carolina $ 45,000 $ 52,400 $ 52,900 $ 55,000 Florence $ 43,100 $ 49,000 $ 48,000 $ 50,200 Sumter $ 37,800 $ 45,900 $ 46,600 $ 47,600 Darlington $ 40,000 $ 45,400 $ 45,100 $ 47,600 Clarendon $ 30,800 $ 41,500 $ 41,000 $ 42,300 Lee $ 29,100 $ 41,200 $ 40,900 $ 42,600 Dillon $ 31,200 $ 38,700 $ 39,400 $ 40,700 Marlboro $ 37,500 $ 38,600 $ 38,300 $ 39,800 Marion $ 33,300 $ 40,300 $ 39,500 $ 41,000 Williamsburg $ 32,500 $ 37,100 $ 36,500 $ 37,200 Source: SC Statistical Abstract, 2009
While there has been steady construction of new housing units, there has been a decrease in the number of manufactured homes registered each year. As shown in the table below, the most recent data shows an overall decreasing trend with the exception of an increase from 2009 to 2010.
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Table 43 Newly Registered Manufactured Homes in Florence County NUMBER OF CHANGE FROM YEAR MANUFACTURED PREVIOUS YEAR HOMES 2009 732 -.03% 2010 856 +17% 2011 751 14% 2012 598 25% 2013 400 49% Source: Florence County Tax Assessor’s Office
The registration level of these units in the County for the years 2009 through 2013 indicates an average manufactured homes' volume of about 667 per year over this period. However, this only accounts for new registrations. Moving permits are also issued for mobile homes each year with some relocating in other parts of the County by current owners or sold and relocated. In addition, some mobile homes will be relocated outside of the County and the totals in “Housing Types for Florence County and Included Municipalities” able do not include these homes. Overall, the Florence County Tax Assessor's Office estimates that there was approximately 12,579 manufactured home units registered in the County as of the end of the 2013 calendar year. This is an increase of 1,087 from the 2006 calendar year.
According to the South Carolina Statistical Abstract (2010), 21.3% of the homes in Florence County are manufactured or mobile homes from 2006-2010. The table also shows the number of manufactured homes in the State has a lower percentage of manufactured homes compared to Florence County. Manufactured homes make up 21% of Florence County housing.
Table 44 2006-2016 Census Reported Manufactured Home Numbers (%) OF TOTAL HOMES 2010 MANUFACTURED HOMES Florence County 58,912 12,088 (20.06)
South Carolina 2,160,383 366,716 (17.1)
Source: SC Statistical Abstract, 2010, US Census Bureau
Manufactured homes are not included in the permitted housing count because they are not site-built units and do not require a building permit. Florence County has regulations that address the set-up, lot size, density, and other requirements in the placement of manufactured homes in manufactured home parks and on individual lots. In addition, all homes must be installed in accordance with the installation requirements of the South Carolina Manufactured Housing Board and the Florence Consolidated Zoning Ordinance.
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While looking at housing types is vital at a county level, it is also important to identify where various housing types are located throughout the county. The Land Use Element of this Comprehensive Plan focuses further on geographic distribution of various housing opportunities.
The table below gives the total and percentage of housing types found in Florence County, within the municipalities, in Florence County and South Carolina. In addition, the values and percentages across these types may be compared.
Table 45 Housing Types for Florence County and Included Municipalities
Single- Attached County Total Family Units Mobile Home Housing Detached or Other (%) Units Units (%) Single- 2 - 4 5 - 9 10+ (%) (2010) Family South Carolina 2,137,683 1,329,934 55,434 109,211 103,215 165,338 20.2 371,274 (62.3%) (17.3) Florence County 58,666 36,011 733 3,962 3,447 1,797 16.9 12,539 (21.3) (61.6) Coward 320 97 (58.4) 0 16 9 0 7.8 108 (33.8) City of (Florence) 16,665 11,920 270 2,046 1,322 1,168 28.5 152 (0.9) (70.6) Johnsonville 636 501 (78.3) 10 30 32 0 11.2 67 (10.5) Lake City 2,880 2,042 9 539 79 9 22.0 217 (7.5) (70.5) Olanta 281 326 (90.3) 0 0 0 4 1.2 31 (8.5) Pamplico 497 330 (72.1) 7 24 0 4 9.2 93 (18.7) Quinby 400 341 (85.2) 3 22 0 0 5.6 37 (9.2) Scranton 351 205 (58.4) 7 21 1 0 12.6 102 (29.0) Timmonsville 1,019 614 (60.2) 17 96 153 13 12 284 (27.8)
Sources: US Census Bureau, 2010 American Factfinder, 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate
A variety of housing types are available to meet the specific needs of individual households and incomes with the majority of all areas represented having at least one form of each of the housing types. The data in the seven columns in the table above that indicate the types of housing is a five-year estimate from the American Community Survey for the years 2008-2012.
Notably, Florence County has the highest number of each housing type, whereas the Town of Olanta has the fewest number of multi-family attached units and housing units in the mobile homes, trailer and other (including boat, RV and van) category.
The table above shows single-family detached housing to be the most predominant among all of the municipalities in the County, each above 50%. However, the multi-family attached units and the
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manufactured homes appear to be popular housing options in many parts of the County with the exception of City of Johnsonville, and Towns of Olanta and Quinby. This observation may represent segments of the County’s population with needs or conditions that make manufactured homes and apartments more practical or realistic housing options.
The urban areas of Florence County tend to have relatively higher percentages of their housing stock in the form of multi-family attached units. Also, in parts of the County, the multi-family housing units combined with the mobile home housing units make up over high percentage of the total housing units. Housing ownership is generally higher in the rural areas than in the urban areas.
HOUSING AGE AND CONDITIONS The condition and age of the County’s housing units are crucial factors in analyzing baseline housing issues. We assume the standard life of a housing unit to be approximately 50 years with standard maintenance on the structure. However, demolition permits make up less than 1% of the total housing stock in a worst case scenario, so for the purpose of this Element, a 1% loss rate per year is assumed to occur. A better understanding of housing longevity will increase with time, but with a lack of historic values in the decrease of existing housing the previous assumptions will be used as the baseline.
Housing age for South Carolina, Florence County and adjacent counties are presented in the table referenced below.
Table 46 Housing Age for Florence and Adjacent Counties TOTAL TOTAL BUILT TOTAL BUILT 2010 TOTAL BUILT LOCATION HOUSING 2000 TO 2009 or LATER (%) 1990-1999 (%) UNITS (2010) (%) 9,089 427,379 435,631 South Carolina 2,137,683 (0.4) (20.0) (20.4) 13,408 Florence 58,666 112 (0.2) 7,790 (13.3) (22.9) Clarendon 17,4677 17 (0.1) 2,405 (13.8) 4,985 (28.7) Darlington 30,297 68 (0.2) 2,717 (9.0) 7,144 (23.6) Dillon 13,742 3 (0.0) 1,227 (9.0) 2,776 (20.3) Lee 7,775 0 (0.0) 745 (9.6) 1,979 (25.4) Marion 14,953 18 (0.1) 1,111 (7.4) 2,682 (17.9) Marlboro 12,072 35(0.3) 812 (6.7) 1,844 (15.3) Sumter 46,011 99 (0.2) 6,654 (14.4) 9,858 (21.4) Williamsburg 15,359 59 (0.4) 1,069 (7.0) 3,279 (21.3) Sources: US Census Bureau, 2010 American Factfinder, 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimate
The Total Housing Units data is from the 2010 Census. The percentages of total built housing data are five- year estimates from the 2008-2012 American Community Survey. The majority of the housing units for Florence County, adjacent counties and the State were built between 1990 and 1999. The table above shows that approximately 22.9% of the housing units were built during this time period for Florence County, and comparably between 15% and 28% for the adjacent counties and for the State of South Carolina.
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In addition to housing age, it is also important to note the extent of facilities within the current occupied housing units. Specifically, the table below shows information for Florence County, South Carolina and adjacent counties.
Table 47 Equipment Characteristics for Occupied Housing Units for Florence and Adjacent Counties TOTAL LACKING LACKING LACKING COMPLETE OCCUPIED COMPLETE LOCATION COMPLETE TELEPHONE SERVICE HOUSING KITCHEN PLUMBING (%) (%) UNITS (2010) FACILITIES (%) South Carolina 1,801,181 8,012 (0.5) 11,781 (0.7) 54,940 (3.1) Florence 52,653 200 (0.4) 266 (0.5) 1,282 (2.5) Clarendon 13,132 100 (0.8) 167 (1.4) 412 (3.4) Darlington 26,531 118 (0.4) 84 (0.3) 1,070 (4.0) Dillon 11,923 64 (0.5) 89 (0.8) 379 (3.2) Lee 6,797 33 (0.5) 29 (0.4) 289 (4.4) Marion 13,058 89 (0.7) 82 (0.7) 319 (2.6) Marlboro 10,383 75 (0.8) 70 (0.7) 286 (2.9) Sumter 40,398 109 (0.3) 191 (0.5) 993 (2.5) Williamsburg 13,007 101 (0.9) 43 (0.4) 1,075 (9.5) Sources: US Census Bureau, 2010 American Factfinder, 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimate
The Total Occupied Housing Units data is from the 2010 US Census. The percentages of the lack of facilities are five-year estimates from 2008-2012 American Community Survey. Florence County and the State of South Carolina both have a relatively low percentage of homes lacking plumbing and kitchen facilities. The majority of the surrounding counties have percentages of housing without plumbing and kitchens facilities higher than Florence County and the State average with the exception of Sumter County. The category concerning telephone service is high relative to other facilities but is considered a less crucial service. The percent of housing lacking this service for Florence, Marion, Marlboro and Sumter counties are similar to the State average with other surrounding counties significantly higher in percentage. Residents may choose to use cellular phones as their only phones.
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The table below gives a detailed chart of housing age and conditions found within Florence County and among municipalities.
Table 48 Housing Age for Florence County and Included Municipalities TOTAL TOTAL BUILT HOUSING TOTAL BUILT 2010 or LATER TOTAL BUILT 1990- MUNICIPALITY UNITS 2000 TO 2009 (%)2010 or 1999 (%)0-1999 (2010) (%)200200 LATER (2010) South Carolina 2,137,683 9,089 (0.4) 427,379 (20.0) 435,631 (20.4) Florence 58,666 112 (0.2) 7,790 (13.3) 13,408 (22.9) Coward 320 0 (0.0) 13 (5.7) 42 (18.3) (City of) Florence 16,665 45 (0.3) 2,917 (17.3) 2,014 (11.9) Johnsonville 636 10 (1.6) 61 (9.5) 96 (15.0) Lake City 2,880 0 (0.0) 59 (2.0) 417 (14.4) Olanta 281 0 (0.0) 22 (6.1) 39 (10.8) Pamplico 497 0 (0.0) 4 (0.9) 66 (14.4) Quinby 400 0 (0.0) 25 (4.9) 53 (10.3) Scranton 351 0 (0.0) 13 (3.9) 87 (25.9) Timmonsville 1,019 0 (0.0) 67 (5.7) 223 (18.9) Sources: US Census Bureau, 2010 American Factfinder, 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimate
The Total Housing Units data is from the 2010 US Census. The percentages of total built housing data are five-year estimates from the 2008-2012 American Community Survey. The majority of housing for South Carolina, Florence County, and its municipalities was built between 1990 and 1999. The exception is the City of Florence where the majority of housing was built between 2000 and 2009. The highest percentage of housing units built in the 1990-1999 category is Scranton with 25.9%.
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The table below shows the facilities included in housing for each municipality in Florence County.
Table 49 Equipment Characteristics for Occupied Housing Units - Florence County and Municipalities TOTAL LACKING LACKING COMPLETE LACKING COMPLETE OCCUPIED MUNICIPALITY COMPLETE KITCHEN TELEPHONE SERVICE HOUSING PLUMBING (%) FACILITIES (%) (%) UNITS (2010) South Carolina 1,801,181 8,012 (0.5) 11,781 (0.7) 54,940 (3.1) Florence County 52,653 200 (0.4) 266 (0.5) 1,282 (2.5) Coward 298 0 (0.0) 2 (1.0) 8 (3.8) (City of) 14,979 35 (0.2) 80 (0.5) 331 (2.2) Florence Johnsonville 561 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (0.7) Lake City 2,532 13 (0.50.5) 25 (1.0) 122(4.9) Olanta 224 00 (0.00.0) 0 (0.0) 17 (5.3) Pamplico 455 0 0 (0.00.0) 0 (0.0) 4(1.0) Quinby 370 7 (1.51.5) 0 (0.0) 3 (0.7) Scranton 318 00 (0.00) 0 (0.0) 9 (3.1) Timmonsville 867 8 (0.70.7) 0 (0.0) 33 (3.0) Sources: US Census Bureau, 2010 American Factfinder, 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimate
The Total Occupied Housing Units data is from the 2010 Census. The percentages of the lack of facilities are five-year estimates from the 2008-2012 American Community Survey. The occupied housing units lacking complete plumbing are similar for South Carolina, Florence County and its municipalities. Quinby has the highest percentage of 1.5%. The occupied housing units lacking complete kitchen facilities are low for each area, with the highest being only 1% for Coward and Lake City.
Households without telephone service are relatively high compared to other facilities. With the continual increased reliance on cellular phones, this could be a factor less associated with fully-functioning housing. Most houses in the County have the necessities for proper function and support of a household. While there are homes still considered less than adequate existing in Florence County, focus should be dedicated to addressing housing units in the County that may lack necessary equipment and functions required for safe and decent living conditions.
OWNERSHIP AND UTILIZATION Florence County ranks first among the nine neighboring counties in the Pee Dee region in owner-occupied housing units. The rural areas show a greater tendency to have higher owner-occupied housing units. When comparing South Carolina and the Pee Dee Region as shown in the table below, at least 65% of housing is owner-occupied units.
Home ownership is often considered an important factor in maintaining stable communities and improving the quality of life of an area. Home ownership may be encouraged as a governmental policy based on the assumption that home owners, in comparison to renters, represent better housing managers. They appear to make more contributions to the community, contribute more taxes, and generally have a greater stake
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in the future of the community. Another factor that may influence investment decisions in an area and the quality of life in an area is the degree to which housing units are occupied. Both home ownership and the number of occupied housing in the County are examined in this section.
Table 50 Owner Versus Renter Occupancy for Florence and Adjacent Counties TOTAL # OF OCCUPIED OWNER RENTER OCCUPIED COUNTY HOUSING UNITS (%) OCCUPIED (%) (%) UNITS (2010) South Carolina 2,137,683 1,801,181 (84.3) 1,248,805 (69.3) 552,376 (30.7) Florence 58,666 52,653 (89.8) 35,526 (67.5) 17,127 (32.5) Clarendon 17,467 13,132 (75.2) 9,802 (74.6) 3,330 (25.4) Darlington 30,297 26,531 (87.6) 19,000 (1.6) 7,531 (28.4) Dillon 13,742 11,923 (86.8) 7,908 (66.3) 4,015 (33.7) Lee 7,775 6,7976 (87.4) 4,887 (71.9) 1,910 (28.1) Marion 14,953 13,058 (87.3) 8,980 (68.8) 4,078 (31.2) Marlboro 12,072 10,383 (86.0) 76,797 (65.5) 3,586 (34.5) Sumter 46,011 40,398 (87.8) 27,014 (66.9) 13,384 (33.1) Williamsburg 15,359 13,007 (84.7) 9,7819 (75.2) 3,226 (24.8) Source: US Census Bureau, 2010
As shown in the table above, with the exception of Clarendon County, all of the Pee Dee region counties have higher occupancy percentages than the State average. Florence County has the highest overall occupancy rate (89.8%) with 67.5% of its total occupied housing units owned or co-owned by the people living in those units. Florence County ranks sixth among the adjacent counties in terms of owner-occupied housing units. There appears to be a tendency for the counties with higher urban populations to have relatively lower percentages of owner-occupied housing units. As shown in the first two tables of this document, Florence and Sumter have over 50% of their population in urban areas and these counties to have the highest percentage in multi-family units. However, this observation may be only one factor distinguishing urban and rural housing differences. There may be other factors operating within an area that also may affect the level of owner-occupied housing units.
The percentage of renter-occupied housing units makes up for the remaining housing units. The owner- occupied percentage of 67.5% for Florence County, as shown in the table above, leaves 32.5% in the renter-occupied category. Typically, renters maintain their tenure for a shorter time period compared to those units occupied by owners. The table below gives a 2010 comparison of occupied housing units along with the homeowner and rental vacancy rate among Florence County and the adjacent counties in the region. Florence County ranks among three counties with the highest percentage of occupied housing units along with Darlington and Sumter counties. Florence County and the adjacent counties appear to have relatively high overall percentages of occupied housing units. Only Clarendon County’s occupation rate falls below 80%.
Among the adjacent counties, Clarendon County reflects the highest homeowner vacancy rate of 3.7% and Marlboro County reflects the highest rental vacancy rate of 12.0%.
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Table 51 Percentage of Occupied and Vacant Housing for Florence and Adjacent Counties TOTAL TOTAL OCCUPIED HOMEOWNER RENTAL COUNTY HOUSING UNITS (%) VACANCY RATE VACANCY RATE UNITS (2010) South Carolina 2,137,683 1,801,181 (84.3) 2.8% 14.3% Florence 58,666 52,653 (89.8) 2.4% 11.1% Clarendon 17,467 13,132 (75.2) 3.7% 9.3% Darlington 30,297 26,531 (87.6) 2.4% 11.7% Dillon 13,742 11,923 (86.8) 1.9% 10.8% Lee 7,775 6,797 (87.4) 1.7% 6.9% Marion 14,953 13,058 (87.3) 2.0% 8.4% Marlboro 12,072 10,383 (86.0) 1.4% 12.0% Sumter 46,011 40,398 (87.8) 2.4% 10.3% Williamsburg 15,359 13,007 (84.7) 1.0% 7.2% Sources: US Census Bureau, 2010 American Factfinder, 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimate Two of the counties with the highest renter-occupied units have comparatively higher urban populations (Florence and Sumter counties) as shown in a previous table. Darlington and Marlboro Counties also have a high number of renter-occupied units and concomitantly, these counties have a higher rural population as also shown in a previous table. There may be other circumstances accounting for this situation.
Compared to the State average, the Pee Dee region shows a high rate of occupied housing. Furthermore, the change in the percentage of occupied housing may be a result of a variety of reasons: 1. The existing housing options may not adequately match the desires to those in the buyers or renters market; 2. Housing developers may have overbuilt or exceeded the housing demand in the local area; 3. The low percentage of occupied housing may be reflective of social and demographic changes; or 4. Changes in industrial opportunities in the area may have affected the number of residents seeking local housing.
The table below shows the percentage of occupied housing units in comparison to owner occupied housing units for Florence County, including municipalities and unincorporated areas of the County. Table 52 Percentage of Occupied and Owner-Occupied Housing within Florence County TOTAL TOTAL OCCUPIED TOTAL OWNER OCCUPIED MUNICIPALITY HOUSING UNITS (%) UNITS (%) UNITS (2010) South Carolina 2,137,683 1,801,181 (84.3) 1,248,805 (69.3) Florence County 58,666 52,653 (89.8) 35,526 (67.5) Coward 320 298 (93.1) 208 (69.8) (City of) Florence 16,665 14,979 (89.8) 8,966 (59.9)
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Johnsonville 636 561 (88.2) 434 (77.4) Lake City 2,880 2,532 (87.9) 1,365 (53.9) Olanta 281 224 (79.7) 153 (68.3) Pamplico 497 455 (91.5) 264 (58.0) Quinby 400 370 (92.5) 310 (83.8) Scranton 351 318 (90.6) 194 (61.0) Timmonsville 1,019 867 (85.1) 471 (54.3) Source: US Census Bureau, 2010, American Factfinder
The percentage of occupied housing units for Florence County, its municipalities and the unincorporated areas are at least 79%. Coward has the highest percentage at 93.1%. Quinby has the highest percentage of owner occupied units at 83.8% with Lake City having the lowest in this category at 53.9%.
The relatively lower percentage of owner-occupied housing units may reflect demographic differences between specific areas. These differences include the distribution of the student population, varying economic status, the presence of recent graduates beginning their professional careers, and other factors which influence the need for leased or rental housing units.
HOUSING COSTS AND AFFORDABILITY Housing costs in Florence County cover a wide range in both the single-family owner-occupied units and the rental units. Affordable housing is an important issue for many residents in the Florence County area.
The table below compares the number of houses sold and median sales price for the 2014 calendar year for Florence County and the adjacent counties.
Table 53 Median Sales Prices and Total for Florence County and Adjacent Counties
TOTAL TOTAL HOUSES SOLD MEDIAN SALES PRICE OF OWNER COUNTY HOUSING 2014 (% of 2010 UNITS) OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS IN 2010 Florence 58,666 1088 (2.0) $ 133,512 Darlington 30,297 297 (1.0) $ 99,000 Dillon 13,742 82 (1.0) $ 70,000 Marion 14,953 98 (1.0) $ 60,500 Marlboro 12,072 17 (0.1) $ 64,500 Williamsburg 15,359 16 (0.1) $ 49,200 Sources: US Census Bureau, 2010, Pee Dee REALTOR Association, 2014 statistics. US C2014
Income levels as well as housing costs have increased in Florence County since the 2010 Census data was released. The table below gives current estimates of median family income, the median value of owner-occupied housing and the fair market apartment rental rate in Florence County. For many families in Florence County, housing costs may take up a larger percentage of the family income level.
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According to the figures made available from the Pee Dee REALTOR Association shown in the table above Florence County is shown to have the greatest amount of houses sold and the largest median sale price in comparison to adjacent counties for 2014. In addition, when compared to the number of housing units existing in 2000, Florence County had the highest percentage of home sales.
Table 54 Average Housing Costs, Median Family Income and Fair Market Rent ESTIMATED MEDIAN MEDIAN VALUE OF FAIR MARKET RENT (FMR) FOR FAMILY INCOME OWNER-OCCUPIED COUNTY TWO-BEDROOM APARTMENT (2013) HOUSING (2016) (2010-2014) South Carolina $44,779 $137,600 $ 650.00 Florence $41,910 $118,100 $650.00 Clarendon $31,410 $87,700 $632.00 Darlington $36,323 $86,200 $632.00 Dillon $28,817 $64,100 $632.00 Lee $27,373 $64,500 $632.00 Marion $29,149 $73,900 $632.00 Marlboro $28,297 $58,400 $643.00 Sumter $41,366 $108,300 $821.00 Williamsburg $25,849 $65,600 $632.00 Sources: U.S. Census Explorer, 2013; U.S. Census Quickfacts, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2016. Income levels as well as housing costs have increased in Florence County since the 2010 Census data was released. Table 54 gives current estimates of median family income, the median value of owner- occupied housing and the fair market apartment rental rate in Florence County. For many families in Florence County, housing costs may take up a larger percentage of the family income level.
The fair market rental (FMR) amount in Florence County equals to the state minimum and is higher than the unadjusted FMR of the seven adjacent counties (2016 US Department of Housing and Urban Development).
The estimated median family income and median value of owner-occupied housing for Florence County is below the state average and is higher than the eight adjacent counties. In terms of estimated median family income and median value of owner-occupied housing, Sumter County is second.
New housing units and subdivision phases that are being constructed in the County are not likely to be inhabited by individuals and families who income is consider low. In the lower income affordability range, new housing units participating in the Section 8 Housing Assistance Program will assist low- income families, the elderly, and disabled to afford safe and sanitary housing in the private Florence County market. With older, lower cost housing units being phased out, the need for affordable mix-use housing units for many residents with lower incomes will become more acute.
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Table 55 Low-Income Housing Limits for the Florence Area FY2014 INCOME 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNIT CATEGORY PERSON PERSONS PERSONS PERSONS PERSONS PERSONS PERSONS PERSONS Very Low (50%) $17,800 $20,350 $22,900 $25,400 $27,450 $29,500 $31,500 $33,550 Income Limits ($) Extremely Low $11,670 $15,730 $19,790 $23,850 $27,450 $29,500 $31,500 $33,550 (30%) Income Limits ($) Low (80%) $28,500 $32,550 $36,600 $40,650 $43,950 $47,200 $50,450 $53,700 Income Limits ($) Sources: US Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2016. The definition or actual dollar range of low-income families varies across regions in the State and County. The figures in the table above apply specifically to HUD housing programs in Florence County, but even the low-income level within Florence County depends on the year’s fiscal condition and size of the family. The data in this table reflects the FY2016 median family income as included in the HUD FY2016 Income Limits Summary. The table The table shows that a person earning the FY2016 median family income amount of $55,150 may be eligible for low income housing if the family size includes 8 or more members, but would otherwise be included in the largest pool of households for the County as shown in the table below.
Table 56 Florence County Household by Income (2010)
HOUSEHOLD INCOME RANGE NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS
Less than $15,000 8,677 $15,000 to $24,999 6,086 $25,000 to $34,999 5,812 $35,000 to $49,999 8,182 $50,000 to $74,999 11,465 $75,000 to $99,999 5,419 $100,000 to $149,999 3,781 $150,000 to $199,999+ 974 $200,000 or more 1,263 Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Factfinder, 2014 Florence County Economic Development Partnership
The table above breakdowns the number of households in Florence County by household income ranges. The median household income in Florence County is $42,321. The number of households above indicates that 35% of the County households are near or below the median income level.
The table below gives the mortgage payment amounts for selected housing values for site built homes as indicated by some Florence County local leading banks including BB&T, Bank of America and Wachovia (Florence County Banks 2007). This rate reflects only principal and interest without consideration to escrow amounts that may include annual insurance premiums and property tax. The percentage comparisons of 6.25 and 6.75 are the normal minimum and maximum rate as determined by individual credit scores. The 15- and 30- year periods are the two terms most utilized. Some banks will
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go as long as a 40 year term at a 7.125 percentage rate. However, the mortgage market is in turmoil at the time this Element is being compiled; the availability of innovative financing products to the homeowner may be limited.
Table 57 Monthly Mortgage Payment for Site-Built Homes (Principal and Interest) 15-YEAR MORTGAGE 30-YEAR MORTGAGE SITE BUILT MONTHLY MONTHLY MONTHLY MONTHLY HOUSE VALUE PAYMENT AT PAYMENT AT PAYMENT AT PAYMENT AT 6.75% 6.25% 6.75% 6.25% $ 100,000 $ 857.42 $ 884.91 $ 615.72 $ 648.60 $ 125,000 $ 1,071.78 $ 1,106.41 $ 769.65 $ 810.75 $ 150,000 $ 1,286.13 $ 1,327.36 $ 923.58 $ 972.90 $ 175,000 $ 1,500.49 $ 1,548.59 $ 1,077.51 $ 1,135.05 $ 200,000 $ 1,714.85 $ 1,769.82 $ 1,231.43 $ 1,297.20 $ 225,000 $ 1,929.20 $ 1,991.05 $ 1,385.36 $ 1,459.35 $ 250,000 $ 2,143.56 $ 2,212.27 $ 1,539.29 $ 1,621.50 $ 275,000 $ 2,357.91 $ 2,433.50 $ 1,693.22 $ 1,783.64 $ 300,000 $ 2,572.27 $ 2,654.73 $ 1,847.15 $ 1,945.79 Source: Florence County Banks 2007
The table below gives the mortgage payment amounts for selected manufactured housing values using in-house loan rates. This rate reflects only principal and interest and does not include yearly insurance or taxes. In-house loan rates are used for manufactured homes. Local banks have a 10-year maximum term for manufactured homes (Florence County Banks 2007). The percentage rate comparison of 10.75 and 13.5 are the minimum and maximum rate as determined by individual credit scores. Manufactured home dealerships can offer up to a 30 year term through their financial lending groups (Manufactured Home Dealerships 2007). These lending groups offer lower interest rates on manufactured homes than local banks. The percentage rate comparison of 8.5 and 12.5 are the minimum and maximum rate through lending groups as determined by individual credit scores (Manufactured Home Dealership 2007). Table 58 Monthly Payments for Manufactured Homes (Principal and Interest) 10-YEAR MORTGAGE 30-YEAR MORTGAGE MONTHLY MONTHLY MONTHLY MONTHLY MANUFACTURE PAYMENT AT PAYMENT AT PAYMENT AT PAYMENT AT D HOME VALUE 10.75% 13.5% 8.5% 12.5% $ 20,000 $ 272.68 $ 304.55 N/A N/A $ 30,000 $ 409.02 $ 456.82 $ 230.67 $ 320.18 $ 40,000 $ 545.35 $ 609.10 $ 307.57 $ 426.90 $ 50,000 $ 681.69 $ 761.37 $ 384.46 $ 533.63 $ 60,000 $ 818.03 $ 913.65 $ 461.35 $ 640.35 $ 75,000 $ 954.37 $ 1,065.92 $ 538.24 $ 747.08 $ 80,000 $ 1,090.71 $ 1,218.19 $ 615.13 $ 853.82 $ 90,000 $ 1,227.05 $ 1,370.47 $ 692.02 $ 960.53 $100,000 $ 1,363.39 $ 1,522.74 $ 768.91 $ 1,067.26 Source: Florence County Banks
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As shown in the above two referenced tables, the average cost of a newly constructed site built house in the County may be beyond the range for many lower income residents. A popular alternative to site-built housing is manufactured housing units.
MANUFACTURED HOMES AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING Manufactured homes have served as a means of affordable housing for many in Florence County. Leased mobile home lots in Florence County may range from $152.00 for singlewides to approximately $182.00 for doublewides per month. Combined with a monthly payment as shown above for a 30-year term, the total monthly cost is significantly higher than $484.00 per month for rental units. This result may be an indication why apartment complexes have low vacancy rates.
While manufactured homes appear to meet the affordable housing needs of some residents in the County, financing and insuring these units may not be the same as for conventional site built homes. Locally, many Florence County banks finance manufactured homes as an in-house loan versus a mortgage loan for site built homes. This type loan results in a mortgage with a substantially higher interest rate and shorter term than found with site-built homes. Ten years is the maximum term for manufactured homes through local banks.
In the Florence County area, interest rates for conventional site-built homes range from approximately 6.25% to 6.75% for a 30-year period. The interest rates for manufactured homes vary by type and dependent on if land is involved. The interest rate for a singlewide, excluding land, ranges from approximately 12.25% to 13.5%. A singlewide, including land, ranges from approximately 10.75% to 12%. Land is normally required with a doublewide and must be set up on a slab and brick underpinnings. The interest rate for this type loan ranges from 10.5% to 11.74%. If the doublewide is new, some local banks will offer a 15-year term.
Manufactured home dealerships utilize financial lending groups primarily to finance the manufactured homes they sell. These financial groups are able to offer customers up to a 30-year term with an interest rate ranging from 8.5% to 12.5%. This 30-year term would further decrease monthly payments (Manufactured Home Dealerships 2007).
Many local insurance agencies insure manufactured homes exactly the same as a site built home, basing the rates on the value of the home (Insurance Agencies 2007). However, they do require the manufactured home be underpinned and include steps with handrails at each door.
In Florence County, manufactured homes are not reassessed for changes in value annually. Once an initial assessment is done on a manufactured home unit, the same value is used until the County completes the next periodic assessment. Currently, Florence County uses the 2004 standard to establish manufactured home values. Assessments are scheduled every five years with the next scheduled countywide assessment in 2009.
HOUSING COSTS AND FAIR HOUSING ISSUES Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 (Fair Housing Act) as amended, prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of dwellings, and in other housing-related transactions, based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex: familial status (including children under the age of 18 living with parents or
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legal custodians, pregnant women, and people securing custody of children under the age of 18) and handicap (disability). This and the following information is cited from The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development website:
The generally accepted definition of affordability is for a household to pay no more than 30 percent of its annual income on housing. Families who pay more than 30 percent of their income for housing are considered cost burdened and may have difficulty affording necessities such as food, clothing, transportation and medical care. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Economic means have a vital role in a resident's ability to participate in the housing market of Florence County. The Population Element shows the percentage of the population in poverty in Florence County to be about 20.2% of the County's population may have difficulty in acquiring and maintaining housing due to financial conditions.
Being economically disadvantaged can have an impact on housing options for citizens in Florence County. This issue may be manifested in the credit and loan application process. Many residents who may be considered as economically disadvantaged do not have the credit status desired by lending institutions.
The analysis of the economically disadvantaged in the County shows by race that housing options are greatly impacted. The table below gives the ethnic composition of poverty status for Florence County.
According to U.S. Census Bureau, an examination of poverty reveals that 32.0% of Black or African- American residents, 24.8% of Latino residents, and 47.0% of Some Other Race have the highest percentage below poverty according to ethnic groups. Racial component of the County’s population are categorized as being below the poverty level. If economic factors were the only impediments to fair housing in the County, a combined solution of educational advancement and training, job preparation, and a short-term housing voucher system to supplement the incomes of lower-income families for the purpose of increasing housing options would significantly improve the outlook of fair housing compliance in the County.
Basic data for identifying obstacles to fair housing and establishing a plan for fair housing may include the following: An analysis of public policies, practices and procedures involving housing and housing related activities in the County; Analyze the application of zoning and other land use controls, including tax assessment and tax abatement practices; Examine the nature and extent of fair housing complaints, lawsuits and other data which might provide evidence of the County’s application of fair housing practices; Examine demographic patterns of the County; Examine Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data; and Analyze patterns of occupancy in Section 8, public housing and Assisted Housing, and private rental housing.
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Fair housing issues may be grounded in factors other than socio-economic status or the lack of the financial ability to participate in the general housing market. Housing discrimination and land use decisions that operate in a discriminatory fashion ensure that segments of the County's population will consistently have fewer housing options. The overall general welfare of all county residents is linked to the well-being of every component of the County's population. Efforts to promote fair housing policies and practices in the County will be an overall benefit to improving conditions.
Table 59 Household Growth and Percentages for Florence and Adjacent Counties NUMBER OF AVERAGE PERSONS PERCENT PERCENT HOUSEHOLDS PER HOUSEHOLD CHANGE CHANGE COUNTY 2000 2010 2000 2010 South 1,801,181 1,801,181 +17.4 2.5 2.6 0.1% Carolina Florence 52,653 52,653 +11.7 2.6 2.5 -0.1% Clarendon 13,132 13,132 +11.2 2.6 2.5 -0.1% Darlington 26,531 26,531 +2.9 2.6 2.5 -0.1% Dillon 11,923 11,923 +6.5 2.7 2.7 0.0% Lee 6,797 6,797 -1.0 2.7 2.5 -0.2% Marion 13,058 13,058 -1.8 2.6 2.5 -0.1% Marlboro 10,383 10,383 -0.9 2.6 2.5 -0.1% Sumter 40,398 40,398 +7.1 2.7 2.6 -0.1% Williamsburg 13,007 13,007 -5.2 2.7 2.5 -0.2% Sources: U.S. Census Bureau 2000 and 2010.
According to the respective Census information, the average number of persons per household in Florence County fell from 2.6 to 2.5 from 2000 to 2010. In 1990, the average person per household was 2.8. Since 1980, there has been a gradual decrease in household size with each decade. The composition and demographics of Florence County households provides information related to community needs and services. This information may be crucial in anticipating future demand for specific housing types in Florence County.
Housing needs in Florence County will continue to increase. According to the SC Statistical Abstract, households in the County are anticipated to increase 4.6% to 52,290 from 2005 to 2010 and 21% to 59,690 households by 2030.
HOUSEHOLD TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS A household is defined by the U. S. Census Bureau as all persons occupying a housing unit as their usual place of residence.
As shown in The Population Element, the population of Florence County is expected to increase by 3.4% from 2005 to 2010 and then increase at a rate of approximately 3.0% every five years through 2030. Both population and industrial growth factors will impact future housing demand in Florence County. The County is expected to experience nearly a 4.6% growth in households between 2005 and 2010. By the year 2030, Florence County is expected to experience an increase of 21.0% in household or occupied housing units, above the 2000 Census reported level of 47,147 households. Current planning efforts for housing should include the factors mentioned as well as projections of households for the area.
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The table below gives the household projections for Florence County in five year intervals.
Table 60 Household Growth and Percentages for Florence County TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS % CHANGE COUNTY 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2000 TO 2030 Florence 47,147 49,910 52,290 54,480 56,420 58,150 59,690 21.0% Source: SC Statistical Abstract, 2005
The expected growth of the number of households in the County in the near future will have an impact upon nearly every aspect of public service and the local economy. From the utilities and transportation infrastructure, to the school districts and local merchants, the demands of these households will require greater availability of resources. Household growth in Florence County should be preceded by overall planning to ensure that new and existing residential areas have access to community services.
LOCAL HOUSING AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS There are a number of local agencies and organizations in Florence County that have initiated efforts to address particular aspects of housing in the County. The activities of these entities offer housing options and improvements for many residents in the County including volunteer groups, businesses, civic organizations, churches and individuals.
THE HOUSING AUTHORITY OF FLORENCE The Housing Authority of Florence manages housing units and administers housing assistance voucher programs to make housing options available for many lower-income County residents. The Housing Authority of Florence's service area consists of all of Florence County north of Lynches River. There are 778 public housing units under the administration of the Housing Authority of Florence, and an additional 772 (approximately) Section 8 units, which provide supplemental payments for lower-income families.
The Housing Authority provides valuable housing options for some residents who are unable to participate in the conventional housing market for various reasons. The table below gives the names, municipality, locations and number of units of the housing complexes under the administration of the Housing Authority of Florence.
Table 61 Housing Complexes of the Housing Authority of Florence NUMBER OF NAME MUNICIPALITY LOCATION UNITS Bridgeland Town of Timmonsville Green Street 50 Church Hill City of Florence June Lane 166 Clyde Court City of Florence Gaillard Street 50 Creekside Village City of Florence Palmetto Street 100 Lakota Crossing City of Florence Lakota Dr. 72 Lakota Place City of Florence Conyers Avenue 8
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Oakland Place City of Florence Oakland Avenue 64 Park View Plaza City of Florence Clements Street 60 Pelican House City of Florence Conyers Avenue 46 Pine Acres Town of Pamplico First Avenue 40 Pine Park City of Florence Pine Street 44 Single-Family Dwellings City of Florence Scattered 156 Waverly Acres City of Florence Waverly Avenue 20 McGowan Commons City of Florence Mechanic Street 36 J O Smith Villas City of Florence Royal Street 20 Source: Housing Authority of Florence (HAF) May 2016
LAKE CITY HOUSING AUTHORITY The Lake City Housing Authority manages housing units and administers housing assistance voucher programs to make housing options available to many lower-income County residents. The Lake City Housing Authority administers housing availabilities to the lower geographic area of Florence County, (south of Lynches River), with housing units in Lake City and just outside of Johnsonville. As of 2016, the Lake City Housing Authority owns 397 housing units within its service area; they have 32 units in and around Lake City. In addition, the Lake City Housing Authority administers 215 privately owned subsidized units in Lower Florence and Williamsburg County. Table 62 Housing Complexes of the Lake City Housing Authority NUMBER OF NAME MUNICIPALITY LOCATION UNITS Golden Pond Lake City Matthews Road & Opal St 22 None (never named) Lake City Brown Street 8 Oak Grove Lake City Elm St. DuRant Dr. & 70 Spruce St. Royal Garden Lake City N. Matthews Road 52 Rose Garden Lake City S. Ron McNair Blvd. 60 Wren Village Lake City Morning Glory Drive 50 Cherry Grove Lake City Sherwood St. Ranchwood 52 St. Auguston St. Sycamore Place Johnsonville Liberty Street 54 Hyman Circle Olanta Conyers Avenue 17 Cherry Grove Lake City First Avenue 12 Source: Lake City Housing Authority May 2016
CITY OF FLORENCE DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY SERVICES The City of Florence’s Department of Community Services serves residents in areas that are identified as needing special assistance and attention. Within these identified areas, programs are administered with local and Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funding. These identified areas in Florence include North, East, and West Florence.
The Department of Community Services also administers services within the community, which includes a First time Homebuyers Program, Emergency Rehabilitation Assistance, Rental Assistance and
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neighborhood improvement support. The main goal of the City of Florence Department of Community Services is to enhance the quality of life of low to moderate-income residents.
One of the main goals of the Community Service Department is to provide quality affordable housing opportunities for low-to-moderate-income residents. The Affordable Housing Program is designed to provide down payment and closing cost assistance to eligible applicants towards the purchase of a new or existing home. Eligible applicants must be first-time homebuyers and meet the income guidelines established by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
The City of Florence has taken a proactive role in achieving affordable housing opportunities by developing two notable housing developments: North Pointe Subdivision and the Stackley Street Redevelopment Project. The North Pointe subdivision is a 27-unit single-family subdivision located off of Williams Boulevard that is complete with rolled curb and gutter, underground utilities, sidewalks, and a decorative entranceway. The homes are approximately 1200-1400 square feet and start at approximately $110,000. Before redevelopment, Stackley Street was a haven for illegal activity. Located in a CDBG target area in North Florence, Stackley Street was infamously known as a drug and crime- infested community. To help remedy the problem, the City of Florence purchased eight lots in the neighborhood in order to build new homes. Through a grant from the State Housing HOME Program, six new homeowners were able to obtain $7500 down payment assistance towards the purchase of these new homes.
The Community Services department also gives financial and technical support to area emergency facilities for the homeless and other human service agencies.
THE GREATER FLORENCE HABITAT FOR HUMANITY The Greater Florence Habitat for Humanity requests the assistance of volunteers to make home ownership possible for approved applicants in its program. This is a Christian organization that endeavors to establish partnership with volunteers, businesses and local leaders in order to provide decent housing to qualifying residents and promote decent communities within the Florence County service area.
The Greater Florence Habitat for Humanity's service area consists of the urban area of the City of Florence. They have constructed a total of 4 houses. The organization promotes a number of housing issues that are deemed important to healthy communities. These include the elimination of substandard housing, home ownership, affordable housing and fair housing practices.
A unique aspect of the Habitat for Humanity housing program is the requirement of “sweat equity” by those applicants who are approved for one of the house construction projects. A minimum of 300 hours of labor or “sweat equity" towards the completion of the home is required by the approved applicant or by volunteers in the name of the applicant. Also the homes are sold to residents at no profit and are financed with affordable, no-interest loans (Greater Florence Habitat for Humanity).
Some possible ways that the efforts of the Greater Florence Habitat for Humanity may be facilitated are through volunteer efforts, and tax-free donations of needed building materials and supplies.
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GOALS AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES GOAL 1 Establish guidelines for the use of incentives to promote more affordable housing development by the private sector. Increase the supply of housing that is affordable for low-income households.
Implementation Strategy: Seek sponsors and funds to support development of rental and owner- occupied homes affordable for households with incomes between 60% and 80% of the local median household income. Support local public agencies or non-profit agencies to develop low-income housing.
Time Frame: Short Term
GOAL 2 Determine the presence of barriers to the development of affordable housing and, if so determined, attempt to remove and prevent those practices.
Implementation Strategy: The appropriate County agencies will review land use and zoning policies as well as public feedback and propose solutions to barriers on an annual basis, taking into consideration the following tasks: Analyze public policies, practices and procedures involving housing and housing-related activities in the county; Analyze the application of zoning and other land use controls, including tax assessment and tax abatement practices; Examine the nature and extent of fair housing complaints, lawsuits and other data which might provide evidence of the County’s application of fair housing practices; Examine demographic patterns of the County; Examine Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data; and Analyze patterns of occupancy in Section 8, public housing and Assisted Housing, and private rental housing.
Timeframe: Continuous
GOAL 3 Encourage the development of higher density, affordable housing types near major employment nodes to promote jobs-housing balance.
Implementation Strategy: Coordinate with Florence County Economic Development to discuss what type of industry Florence County is seeking to maintain, expand and attract and where would new businesses likely locate. Work closely with existing businesses to assess plans for expansion and with local Economic Development organizations to ensure that efforts to create more jobs are also linked to efforts to create more housing opportunities.
Time Frame: Continuous
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GOAL 4 Promote mixed-use development, combining residential and retail components in urban portions of the County near major transportation nodes as a means of reducing traffic congestion and fostering neighborhood identity.
Implementation Strategy: Coordinate with municipal downtown development organizations about new projects that foster a wide range of housing options focusing on future needs. Educate the public about air quality and potential threats to health.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 5 Promote the development of housing and provide a range of housing choices that meet the needs of persons of all income levels, of all age groups, and persons with special needs.
Implementation Strategy: Inventory appropriate available land for residential development through the Land Use Element of the Comprehensive Plan. Direct high-density housing options to urban centers while maintaining the rural lifestyle of unincorporated areas.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 6 Provide guidelines for the use of incentives to promote the development of special housing, such as small lot-single family homes that accommodate the needs of the county’s growing older adult population resulting in one person households and those households including persons with disabilities.
Implementation Strategy: Review existing development controls to see if any changes are warranted to encourage developers to create additional housing for seniors. Talk with local hospital administration and other local organizations to seek sponsors and developers for additional senior housing options.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 7 Conduct a comprehensive study on the nature, location, and ownership status of the County’s inventory of deteriorated housing.
Implementation Strategy: Work with the State Housing Finance and Local Development Authority to determine possible sources of housing rehabilitation funds. Adopt and implement a municipal housing code to encourage homeowners to provide basic maintenance. Apply to the State for Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds to establish a local home repair loan program. Check with regional agencies to see if there is an existing program that the County can join.
Time Frame: Medium Term
GOAL 8
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Require new planned unit and residential subdivision developments to provide adequate ingress and egress, as well as establish transit, bicycle, and pedestrian linkages.
Implementation Strategy: Work with architects, developers and engineers to visualize adequate and safe ingress and egress options and to include roads within developments adequate to promote bicyclist and pedestrian usage. Assist Pee Dee Transportation Authority in reaching its goal to broaden transit within the City of Florence.
Time Frame: Long Term
GOAL 9 Explore green building initiatives such as LEED certified building procedures.
Implementation Strategy: Seek information and invite representatives of various green building initiatives to community meetings to disseminate information about the short- and long-term benefits.
Timeframe: Long Term
GOAL 10 Protect and enhance existing historically significant housing.
Implementation Strategy: Coordinate with the State Historic Preservation Office on the preservation and enhancement of historic resources. Support local governments as a Certified Local Government by the National Park Service in order to participate in Federal – State – Local partnerships. Investigate the feasibility of adopting historic preservation ordinances. Educate the public on the importance of historic references to present day activities.
Timeframe: Continuous
GOAL 11 Explore the feasibility of a Capital Improvement Program.
Implementation Strategy: Gather information and examples of successful Capital Improvement Programs that may be useful in developing a Florence County program. Survey potential County needs that would be addressed by this program.
Timeframe: Medium Term
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ECONOMIC ELEMENT AIR QUALITY The region’s air quality is an important factor when attracting businesses. On March 12, 2008, the EPA signed the most stringent 8-hour standard for ozone, a first in a decade. The changes were based on the most recent scientific evidence regarding the effects of ozone which, together with particulate matter (PM) are primary components to measuring air quality. The new primary 8-hour standard is 0.075 parts per million (ppm). The secondary standard (concerned with the effects of air quality on vegetation) is set equal to the primary standard (which is focused on human health). The previous standards were both set at 0.08 ppm. Due to the fact that ozone is measured out three decimal places, the standard became 0.084 because of rounding. A non-attainment status is assigned to areas that fail to meet these standards. This status may translate into restrictions for polluters and federally funded transportation projects.
Nationwide, ozone levels have dropped 21 percent since 1980 as more government and business partners addressed air quality issues. Improvements are expected to continue due to such regulations as The Clean Air Interstate Rule, which reduces emissions from power plants and the Clean Diesel Program which reduces emissions from highway, non-road and stationary diesel engines nationwide.
Diesel emission regulations passed for 2007 will further aide local regions in meeting the EPA standards. The final standards for these levels were selected after reviewing 1700 scientific studies about ozone effects on public health and welfare. The advice of the EPA’s external scientific advisors combined with staff and public comments were also used to determine these standards. The EPA has updated the Air- Quality Index (AQI) to reflect the change in health standards. Daily air quality is communicated to the public by using the AQI and the range is shown in table 63, below.
Table 63 Air Quality EPA Standards Air Quality Index Index Values Descriptors Cautionary Statements for Ozone 0 to 50 Good None 51 to 100 Moderate Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion. 101 to 150 Unhealthy Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such for Sensitive as asthma, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion Groups 151 to 200 Unhealthy Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should avoid prolonged outdoor exertion; everyone else, especially children, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion 201 to 300 Very Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such Unhealthy as asthma, should avoid all outdoor exertion; everyone else, especially children, should limit outdoor exertion. Source: www.scdhec.net/BAQ
Since 1980, Florence County ground level ozone has been significantly reduced. In general, ground level ozone season begins April 1 and ends Oct. 31. The County has a consistent track record of air quality partners coordinating efforts to increase air quality. Most recently, Florence County government and the
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State’s Department of Health and Environmental Control together with representatives from the area’s businesses met to review programs that directly improved air quality. Possibly reflecting this effort, ground-level ozone concentrations have decreased every year between 2005 and 2007. Currently, Florence County is exploring more avenues to continue this trend. Particulate matter concentrations, another air quality parameter, continue to meet national EPA standards.
Table 64 shows federal government expenditures in 2010 for Florence and adjacent counties. Florence County has the largest population of 136,885 while Sumter is second with 107,456. Even though Florence has a larger population, Sumter has the greatest number of expenditures, mainly due to the presence of Shaw Air Force Base. Florence is number one in the grants category. Sumter and Marion County are the top two in procurements. Sumter is by far the leader in salaries and wages at $294,517 and Lee County at the lowest with $2,331.
Table 64 Federal Government Expenditure by County Fiscal Year 2010 (in thousands of dollars)
Retirement Other Salaries Total Jurisdiction Population and Direct Grants Procurement and Expenditures Disability Payments Wages
South Carolina 4,625,364 46,578,143 15,925,573 9,652,828 8,210,467 8,171,374 4,617,901 Florence 136,885 1,192,927 483,955 314,969 305,754 20,125 68,125 Clarendon 34,971 334,515 129,111 83,986 103,150 5,810 12,457 Darlington 68,681 548,435 223,048 144,909 155,492 1,824 23,162 Dillon 32,062 292,666 95,526 88,170 100,547 1,033 7,390 Lee 19,220 171,184 58,573 51,108 58,788 384 2,331 Marion 33,062 462,615 122,554 106,415 107,006 90,844 36,796 Marlboro 28,933 311,762 101,043 77,616 96,039 10,665 26,399 Sumter 107,456 1,422,215 427,492 210,511 237,330 252,354 294,517 Williamsburg 34,423 388,281 114,929 99,519 135,222 5,170 33,441 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010
LABOR FORCE The labor force consists of those people who are employed or actively seeking employment, typically those between the ages of 15 and 65. Those who are unsuccessful in seeking employment determine the unemployment rate. Below, summarizes current and projected characteristics of the Southeastern U.S. population. Table 65 Southeastern U.S. Projections for 2030 2005 2030 Population 296,507 378,317 Employment 174,250 246,949 Growth Rate 0.98% 1.40% Percent of Population 65 + years 12.4% 18.6% Percent of Population 0-17 years 24.8% 23.8% Mean Household Income $86,081 $115,723 Source: 2007 Woods & Poole Economics
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Table 66 represents the population percentages and projections for Florence County from 1970-2030. The population age 0 to 17 shows a decrease of 13.1% from 1970 to 2030 while the population 65 and over shows an increase of 12.71%. The population white non-Hispanic decreases from 60.53% in 1990 to 49.69% in 2030. The population black non-Hispanic increases from 38.65% in 1990 to 45.87% in 2030. The Hispanic population (any race) shows a projected increase to 2.42% in 2030. Table 66 Percent of Population for Florence County, 1970-2030 1970 1980 1990 2000 2015 2030 Percent of Population Age 0-17 38.84% 32.11% 28.35% 25.76% 25.98% 25.74% Percent of Population Age 65 + 6.94% 8.68% 11.08% 11.82% 14.98% 19.65% Percent of Population White Non-Hispanic n.a. n.a. 60.53% 58.50% 53.62% 49.69% Percent of Population Black Non-Hispanic n.a. n.a. 38.65% 39.44% 43.16% 45.87% Percent of Population Hispanic (Any Race) 0.14% 0.42% 0.44% 1.12% 1.69% 2.42% Source: 2007 Woods & Poole Economics
Table 67 shows population and employment growth rate projections for Florence County from 1970 to 2030. The growth rate actually decreases for both. The population rate decreases from +1.12% to +0.68% and the employment growth rate decreases from +1.93% to +1.09%. Although the County’s population and employment is slated to continue to grow, the rate of that growth, or acceleration, of these two measures decreases. Table 67 Population and Employment Growth Rates for Florence County, 1970-2030 1970-2000 1980-2000 2000-2015 2000-2030 Population Growth Rate +1.12% +0.65% +0.68% +0.68% Employment Growth Rate +1.93% +1.78% +1.09% +1.19% Population Change (Thousands) +35.68 +15.38 +13.37 +28.35 Employment Change (Thousands) +34.95 +23.83 +14.08 +34.10 Source: 2007 Woods & Poole Economics
The table below offers a general overview of the population distribution by age, gender and race. In Florence County, women outnumber men by almost 6% whereas the white and non-white populations differ by 13%. Table 68 Florence County: Age, Gender and Race Composition, 2014 Total Civilian Population 136,885
Distribution by Age Ages 9 & Under 18,566 (13%) Ages 10 – 19 18,263 (13%) Ages 20 -29 18,790 (13%) Ages 30 -39 17,200 (12%) Ages 40 – 49 17,891 (13%) Ages 50 – 59 18,856 (14%) Ages 60 – 69 16,293 (12%)
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Ages 70 – 79 8,829 (6%) Ages 80 & Over 4,543 (3%)
Distribution by Gender Male 47.0% Female 53.0%
Distribution by Race White 55% Non-White 42% Source: U.S. Census Bureau Florence County employs the largest and highest percentage of its County labor force in the Pee Dee region with Sumter County trailing by nearly 1.5% as shown in Table 70 and . Marion and Marlboro counties consistently have the highest unemployment rates in the region. In 2004 and 2005, unemployment in Marion County was 13.7% and 13.8%, respectively. Overall, this part of the Pee Dee region has higher unemployment than the State average.
EMPLOYMENT TRENDS While Florence County had the highest employment rate in 2010 at 11.3%, the lowest was in 2007 at 6.1%. The highest unemployment rate for South Carolina was the same in 2009 and 2010 at 11.2%. The lowest for the state was also in 2007 at 5.7%. Table 69 Annual Unemployment Rate (Unadjusted 2004-2014) Florence County South Carolina Year Employment Unemployment Rate Employment Unemployment Rate 2014 59,197 4,633 7.3% 2,056,136 141,451 6.4% 2013 59,248 5,356 8.3% 2,013,452 166,641 7.6% 2012 58,483 6,234 9.6% 1,978,328 199,830 9.2% 2011 57,087 7,215 11.2% 1,942,109 228,937 10.5% 2010 56,907 7,268 11.3% 1,915,045 240,623 11.2% 2009 56,550 7,090 11.1% 1,910,670 242,075 11.2% 2008 58,463 4,400 7.0% 1,996,409 145,823 6.8% 2007 58,784 3,799 6.1% 2,005,686 120,205 5.7% 2006 57,651 4,514 7.3% 1,973,337 135,760 6.4% 2005 56,307 5,491 8.9% 1,929,233 139,366 6.7% 2004 56,018 5,142 8.4% 1,894,141 139,169 6.8% Source: SC Department of Employment & Workforce
Table 70 Labor force, Unemployment, and Unemployment Rate (%) for Florence and Adjacent Locations Labor Force Unemployment (%)
Location Jan 2007 Dec 2007 Jan 2008 Jan 2007 Dec 2007 Jan 2008
South Carolina 2,131.0 2,150.2 2,145.9 127.3 (6.0) 133.4 (6.2) 130.3 (6.1) (in thousands) Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 140
Florence 62,070 64,000 64,140 4,430 (7.1) 4,340 (6.8) 4,380 (6.8) Clarendon 12,950 12,790 12,790 1,250 (9.7) 1,250 (9.8) 1,260 (9.8) Darlington 30,910 32,010 32,060 2,280 (7.4) 2,370 (7.4) 2,370 (7.4) Dillon 13,260 13,300 13,360 1,240 (9.4) 1,360 (10.2) 1,350 (10.1) Lee 8,120 8,230 8,170 820 (10.1) 750 (9.2) 770 (9.5) Marion 13,110 12,850 13,300 1,750 (13.4) 1,690 (13.2) 1,790 (13.4) Marlboro 12,240 12,030 12,110 1,580 (12.9) 1,490 (12.4) 1,450 (12.0) Sumter 46,140 45,070 44,130 3,610 (7.8) 3,790 (8.4) 3,740 (8.5) Williamsburg 15,520 15,600 15,500 1,690 (10.9) 1,650 (10.6) 1,700 (11.0) Source: S.C. Workforce Trends (March 2008)
Figure 42 Unemployment Percentages for Florence and Contiguous Counties, January 28
Source: S.C. Workforce Trends, March 2008; map by Florence County Planning Department (June 2008)
The table below shows the workforce of South Carolina in 2010 distinguished by gender. Comparing the County’s total population of those older than 16 years of age, Florence County includes 61.1% of the
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men and 57.7% of the women participating in the local civilian labor force. Statewide, the labor force reflects a similar gender distribution between men and women of 60.3% and 56.5%.
Table 71 Employment Status by Gender for Florence County, 2010
Florence County South Carolina Male (%) Female (%) Male (%) Female (%) Population 16 Years and 49,474 (100) 58,594 1,811,739 1,956,682 Over (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) Civilian Labor Force 32,210 (61.1) 33,789 (57.7) 1,168,851 1,105,291 (60.3) (56.5) Employed 28,272 (57.1) 29,427 (50.3) 1,035,573 989,180 (50.6) (57.2) Unemployed 4,045 (8.2) 4,356 (7.4) 128,491 (7.1) 118,443 (6.1) Armed Forces 144 (0.3) 31 (0.05) 25,837 (1.4) 5,186 (0.3) Not In Labor Force 17,062 (34.5) 24,979 (43.0) 619,663 (34.2) 847,009 (43.3) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010, Census American Fact Finder.
In Table 72, the 2010 South Carolina labor force quantities show the African-American population having the lowest percentage (61.1), white population with the middle percentage (62.0) and other races having the largest percentage (63.6) of the race’s population in the labor force. Florence County reflects the national trends within 2 percent for each category. Comparing among race populations in the labor force, the white and other race categories outpace the African-American population at each geographic measure. Table 72 Employment Status by Race for Florence County, 2010 Florence County South Carolina United States (%) (%) (%) White Population 16 Years and Over 61,324 (100.0) 2,676,919 187,549,893 (100.0) (100.0) In Labor Force 37,953 (62.0) 1,611,314 (60.2) 119,583,444 (64.0) Not In Labor Force 22,371(38.0) 1,065,605 (40.0) 67,966,449 (36.2) African American Population 16 Years 43,374 (100.0) 1004,353 (100.0) 31,139,385 (100.0) and Over In Labor Force 26,523 (61.1) 612,048 (61.0) 19,334,082 (62.1) Not In Labor Force 16,851 (38.9) 392,305 (39.0) 11,453,926 (37.0) Other Races Population 16 Years and 1,880 (100.0) 95,554 (100.0) 25,064,469 (100.0) Over In Labor Force 1,195 (63.6) 66,151 (69.2) 15,835,714 (63.2) Not In Labor Force 685 (36.4) 29,403 (30.8) 9,228,755 (36.8) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010. SF3, Tables P150A-G
Statewide, the South Carolina workforce is dedicated by providing a high level of services to companies, future companies, individuals in the South Carolina labor force, and individuals who are seeking employment. According the South Carolina Department of Commerce, “South Carolina is a right-to- work state with a low unionization rate of 3.2 percent overall, ranking the 3rd lowest in the United States. South Carolina’s unionization rate for the private sector is 1.9 percent. South Carolina has the Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 142
lowest percentage of total employed workers covered by a collective bargaining agreement of any state in the nation”. According to Area Development Magazine, South Carolina is ranked number three for low labor costs and number 5 for workforce development programs. INCOME The median family income measures a community’s well-being. The median family income of an area is the value of income where half of all families have an income more than that value with the other half of families bringing in less than that amount. In the Pee Dee Region, Florence County, as shown in Table 73 and Figure 43, has the highest level of income since 2009. However, Lee County had the greatest percentage increase, 9.9 percent. Residents from adjacent counties in the Pee Dee area may seek better employment opportunities in Florence County due to the reflection of available job opportunities and higher salaries. Table 73 Change in Median Family Income for Florence and Adjacent Counties, 2000-2006 Percent of Change County 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 From 2009 to 2014 South $43,572 $43,939 $44,587 $44,623 $44,779 $45,033 +9.6 Carolina Florence $41,142 $40,487 $41,325 $41,738 $41,910 $42,321 +9.7 Clarendon $31,761 $33,066 $33,355 $33,267 $31,410 $32,243 +9.8 Darlington $38,753 $38,379 $38,567 $37,490 $36,323 $35,494 +9.1 Dillon $24,847 $23,378 $27,011 $27,755 $27,373 $30,939 +8.0 Lee $29,626 $30,629 $31,762 $30,562 $29,149 $29,884 +9.9 Marion $26,002 $27,688 $28,511 $28,612 $28,297 $28,765 +9.0 Marlboro $25,948 $24,191 $24,530 $25,174 $25,849 $27,485 +9.4 Williamsburg $37,752 $39,137 $40,542 $40,726 $41,366 $40,662 +9.2 Sumter $27,588 $26,818 $26,067 $26,668 $28,817 $28,847 +9.5 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – American FactFinder, 2009 – 2014. S1901
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Figure 43 Median Family Income in the Pee Dee Region, 2009-2014
70,000
South Carolina 60,000 Florence
50,000 Clarendon Darlington 40,000 Dillon
Lee 30,000 Marion
20,000 Marlboro
Williamsburg 10,000 Sumter
0
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In the below figure, the value shown is the 90% margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90% possibility that the interval defined by the estimate contains the true value. Figure 44 State Median Family Income by Family Size, 2006 (dollars adjusted for inflation)
State Median Family Income by Family Size, 2006 (Family Size: Dollars Adjusted for Inflation) $80,000
$70,000 6: $60,783 4: $59,663 $60,000 5: $55,134 3: $51,525 Total: $50,334 7 or more: $47,140 $50,000 2: $45,233
$40,000
$30,000
$20,000
$10,000
$-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006 American Community Survey.
Because incomes fluctuate greatly within the ten years between census counts, the Census is limited in providing meaningful short-term trends. Rather, Census data shows a general picture of income rise, fall and change.
Florence County’s level of income has grown at an increasing rate over the last three Censuses. However, the income has continued to lag behind the rest of the state which may be due to only recent attraction of the higher technology industries. However, as the economic base begins to change, Florence’s income level may begin to accelerate.
Another reason for the lower level wage in Florence is that the cost of living is lower than in other parts of the State and country. Therefore, workers are able to relocate and work for a slightly lower wage than they could in other areas, while maintaining or increasing quality of life.
There are a large number of households that make under $15,000 when you consider that the average income is close to $40,000 and the median income is close to $48,000. This problem is not limited to Florence County, but it is one that can be addressed here.
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Table 74 High School Education Attainment for Persons 18 yrs. and Over Less Than 9th 9th-12th Grade, No Graduate County Total Grade Diploma persons % persons % persons % South 3,647,245 173,003 4.7% 380,546 10.4% 1,094,807 30.0% Carolina Florence 104,439 5,613 5.4% 12,059 11.5% 34,353 32.8% Clarendon 27,121 1,630 6.0% 4,476 16.5% 10,371 38.2% Darlington 52,133 3,050 5.8% 7,533 14.4% 19,068 36.5% Dillon 23,290 2,191 9.4% 4,400 18.8% 9,244 39.6% Lee 14,623 1,279 8.7% 2,519 17.2% 5,903 40.3% Marion 24,657 1,667 6.7% 3,001 12.1% 10,059 40.7% Marlboro 22,333 2,111 9.4% 4,096 18.3% 9,151 40.9% Sumter 80,878 4,262 5.2% 11,148 13.7% 23,737 29.3% Williamsburg 25,940 2,369 9.1% 3,204 12.3% 10,330 39.8% Source: U.S. Census Bureau – American FactFinder, 2014. B15001.
Post high school educational attainment is another indicator used to assess the preparation of a population for various workplace operations.
Table 74 shows the percentage of high school graduates over the age of 18 for counties in the Pee Dee area. Graduation rates in each county falls in the 30% percent range except for Sumter County, 29.3% percent. Marlboro and Marion Counties graduation rate exceeds the state’s rate of 30% percent (Marlboro County 40.9% percent, Marion County 40.7% percent). Sumter County has the lowest graduate rate in the Pee Dee Region 29.3% percent; Darlington County has the second lowest graduation rate 36.5% percent but exceeds the graduation rate at the South Carolina state level of 30.0% percent. The 9th-12th grades with no diploma reflect every county in the Pee Dee, especially Sumter County’s low graduate rate of 13.7% percent. Dillon County has the highest rate of individuals 9th – 12th grades with no diploma 18.8% percent followed by Marlboro County 18.3% percent. Dillon and Marlboro Counties equally have the highest rate of individuals with less than a 9th grade education 9.4% percent with Sumter and Florence Counties having the lowest percentage of individuals (Sumter County 5.2% percent and Florence County 5.4% percent).
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Table 75 College Education Attainment for Persons 18 yrs. and Over for Florence and Adj. Counties Some College, No Graduate or Prof. County Total Associate Degree Bachelor’s Degree Degree Degree # % # % # % # % South Carolina 3,647,245 856,311 23.4% 293,361 8.0% 548,455 15.0% 291,960 8.0% Florence 104,439 24,174 23.1% 7,819 7.4% 12,800 12.2% 7,621 7.2% Clarendon 27,121 5,544 20.4% 1,748 6.4% 2,130 7.8% 1,176 4.3% Darlington 52,133 10,753 20.6% 3,917 7.5% 5,523 10.5% 2,232 4.2% Dillon 23,290 4,316 18.5% 1,385 5.9% 1,258 5.4% 496 2.1% Lee 14,623 2,793 19.1% 821 5.6% 960 6.5% 348 2.3% Marion 24,657 4,718 19.1% 1,801 7.3% 2,409 9.7% 1,002 4.0% Marlboro 22,333 3,960 17.7% 1,165 5.2% 1,154 5.1% 696 3.1% Sumter 80,878 21,167 26.1% 6,858 8.4% 8,743 10.8% 4,963 6.1% Williamsburg 26,940 5,232 20.1% 1,901 7.3% 1,862 7.1% 1,042 4.0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau – American FactFinder, 2010
Post high school educational attainment is another indicator used to assess the preparation of a population for various workplace operations in the greater Pee Dee.
Table 75 shows post-secondary educational attainment levels for Florence County and adjacent counties for degrees of higher education.
Sumter County is shown with the highest percentage of population with some college and no degree at 26.1% percent being the only county higher than the state average. Florence County ranks second in the Pee Dee region at 23.1% which is slightly below the State’s rate of 23.4% percent. The number of individuals with Associate degrees in Sumter County is 8.4% percent which is the only Pee Dee County higher than the State average. Marlboro County has the lowest rate of individuals with an Associate Degree at 5.2% percent. Florence County has the highest percentage of their population among the Pee Dee region with a Bachelor’s degree at 12.2% percent and those who graduated or have a professional degree at 7.2% percent. According to the data above, no county in the greater Pee Dee exceeds the State in either category (bachelor’s degree and graduate or professional degree).
Florence County is home to Francis Marion University and Florence-Darlington Technical College. Francis Marion University is a four-year college with one of the most diverse student bodies in the South. They offer undergraduate and graduate degrees in over 30 areas of study. Their visual arts and art education program is one of seven colleges in the country accredited by the National Association of Art and Design (NASAD). The School of Business is fully accredited by the Association to Advance & Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) and was named by the Princeton Review as one of the “Best 237 Business Schools.”
Florence-Darlington Technical College is a two-year college that offers quality education in more than 60 fields of study. Among the special services and programs at the main campus are the ESAB School of Welding and Cutting, the Advanced Welding and Cutting Center, the Caterpillar Dealer Academy, and a Cisco Systems Training Laboratory. Several degree programs are offered online.
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EMPLOYERS Florence County is dedicated to being a world-class location for business and industry. Table 76 lists the largest employers as of 2006 in Florence County. Its climate is a contributing factor as well as the southeastern location between New York and Miami. Industry, new and expanding businesses have invested more than $1.1 billion since 1997, creating over 6,000 new jobs. Table 76 Largest Employers in Florence County Industrial Manufacturing Name # of Employees Product / Service MeLeod Regional Medical Center 5,000 Healthcare Florence School District 1 2,302 Education Carolinas Hospital System 1,850 Healthcare Assurant Specialty Property 1,300 Insurance Services Honda of South Carolina 1,100 All-Terrain Vehicles, Side-by-Side Manufacturing Blue Cross Blue Shield (PGBA) 1,100 Insurance Services McCall Farms 1,000 Canned Fruits & Vegetable Nan Ya Plastics 900 Polyester, Staple Fiber & Filament Florence County 800 Government Wellman Plastics Recycling 720 Engineering Resins & Plastic Recycling Otis Elevator Company 663 Elevators Francis Marion University 535 Education QVC 500 Distribution City of Florence 475 Government WestRock 450 Corrugated Packaging Johnson Controls Recycling Center 348 Battery Recycling G.E. Healthcare 325 MRI Manufacturing Performance Foodservice 300 Restaurants Food & Supplies Sam Carbis Solutions Group 300 Ladders, Rails & Platforms ACS Technologies 283 Information Management Solutions & Software Florence-Darlington Technical 250 Education College W. Lee Flowers 250 Grocery Distribution Nucor Steel 240 Steel Joists, Girders & Decking Roche Carolina 225 Pharmaceutical R&D, Bulk Manufacturing Johnson Controls 225 Battery Distribution Monster Worldwide 225 Call Center Ruiz Foods 200 Mexican Food Products Pepsi Cola of Florence 200 Soft Drinks Superior Machine Company 160 Fabrication & Repair Med-Enroll 150 Insurance Services Charles Ingram Lumber Company 147 Lumber Manufacturing S&W Manufacturing 133 Specialty File Folders
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ABB 125 Circuit Breakers Dove Data 117 Laser Toners Duke Energy 104 Utilities Crown Beverages 80 Beer Wholesaler Pee Dee Electric Cooperative 80 Utilities Patheon API Services, Inc 78 Pharmaceuticals Yahnis Company 76 Beer wholesaler SteelFab 75 Steel Fabrication International Knife and Saw (IKS) 66 Industrial Cutting Tools FedEx 62 Parcel Distribution ADP Tax Services N/A Human Resources/ Business Services Source: Greater Florence Chamber of Commerce Booklet 2016.
The banking industry is strong in the Pee Dee region with Florence County leading in number of offices. In Table 77, Florence County has twice the number of FDIC insured offices of any county in the Pee Dee with a total of 48. Darlington County has the second most at 20 and Lee County with a total of 4 has the least. Florence County’s banking offices are divided among 14 commercial banks and two savings institutions (FDIC 2008).
Table 77 FDIC Insured Institutions for Florence and Adjacent Counties Deposits Location Number of Offices Market Share (in thousands) Florence 48 1,846,963 3.43% Darlington 20 495,906 0.92% Sumter 18 740,578 1.38% Williamsburg 12 235,390 0.44% Marion 13 296,708 0.55% Dillon 7 249,698 0.46% Marlboro 7 170,888 0.32% Clarendon 6 230,906 0.43% Lee 4 101,153 0.19% Source: FDIC 2008
Table 78 lacks any significant trends in Florence County’s industrial job expansions and creations. Over the last twenty years, four years stand out. The years 1986 and 1990, show 3,069 jobs were created. In 1997 and 2000, there were 1,825 jobs created. The next significant number is reflected in 2003 when 610 jobs were created.
Florence County has been the location of numerous large-scale corporate establishments. The location of Honda to Timmonsville in 1997, along with the additional companies such as QVC and expansions announced by Johnson Controls, and the Institution Food House will increase the number of jobs over the next few years.
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Table 78 New and Existing Industry for Florence County, 1985-2004 Year Jobs Created Amount of Investment Firms 2004 75 25,000,000 1 2003 610 15,700,000 2 2002 325 36,915,531 14 2001 404 77,107,836 32 2000 967 120,561,711 43 1999 425 85,253,570 45 1998 712 161,169,138 20 1997 858 217,928,849 18 1996 283 25,560,630 28 1995 528 422,607,000 28 1994 145 36,891,000 19 1993 267 130,109,000 21 1992 215 216,691,000 16 1991 402 324,035,000 14 1990 1,900 19,000,000 20 1989 730 338,660,000 30 1988 471 154,730,000 27 1987 854 60,850,000 22 1986 1,169 23,173,000 31 1985 388 148,105,000 25 Source: S.C. Department of Commerce
COMMUTING Table 79 reflects the commute patterns for the workforce of Florence County and surrounding areas. The total number of commuters to Florence County from surrounding areas is 16,209. The majority of these persons are Darlington County residents. Darlington County receives the majority of Florence residents. The border with Darlington County is the most permeable; it’s the most prominent destination and source of commuters for Florence County. Secondly, Dillon, Marion and Williamsburg are destinations for more than 1,000 daily Florence County commuters. Table 79 Daily Commuting To and From Florence County and Surrounding Areas Residents from other Residents from Florence Net Inflow To County/Area counties commuting to County commuting to Florence Florence County other counties County Clarendon 684 273 411 Darlington 7,853 3,214 4,639 Dillon 1,108 380 728 Lee 500 240 260 Marion 1,611 474 1,137 Marlboro 259 156 103 Sumter 731 396 335 Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 150
Williamsburg 1,653 1,349 304 Totals 14,399 6,482 7,917 Other destinations Chesterfield 253 133 120 Georgetown 270 213 57 Horry 386 785 -399 Other S. Carolina 591 798 -207 counties N. Carolina counties 310 580 -270 Source: U.S. Census 2010
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Figure 45 Approximate Commute Time, Florence County (from intersection of I-20 and I-95)
The figure above indicates that more that 30% percent of individuals commute to their place of employment in less than 20 minutes. While another 20% commute in less than thirty minutes. However, as Florence County attracts more diverse industry, commuting times to employment destinations will become more of a challenge; although commuting time may remain similar.
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Table 80 Commute Time for Florence and Adjacent Counties, 2010 Workers Travel Time From Residence to Work 16+ Who Less than 10 to 15 to 20 to 25 to 30 to 35 to 45 to 60 or Location Did Not 10 14 19 24 29 34 44 59 more Work at minutes minute minute minute minute minute minute minute minute Home s s s s s s s s South 2,022,019 13.1 14.9 17.1 16.5 6.6 14.2 5.8 6.6 5.5 Carolina Florence 56,568 13.8 17.5 20.3 17.6 4.9 11.9 3.1 5.5 5.4 Clarendon 10,888 14.6 12.4 12.7 12.8 6.6 15.5 5.5 7.9 12.0 Darlington 25,352 16.0 16.1 18.7 14.1 5.2 15.0 4.3 4.6 6.0 Dillon 10,808 16.2 23.0 19.5 9.9 2.7 9.9 7.6 5.2 6.0 Lee 5,961 12.0 8.1 10.9 18.8 8.0 18.7 6.6 9.4 7.4 Marion 11,395 14.1 16.4 11.3 8.1 3.6 12.7 6.5 16.5 11.0 Marlboro 9,073 17.0 13.8 18.7 12.7 5.8 13.8 3.4 8.1 6.7 Sumter 42,840 16.1 19.2 21.1 15.2 3.6 9.8 2.8 5.0 7.2 Williamsburg 11,044 15.8 13.3 14.3 11.1 3.8 12.0 5.8 9.9 14.0 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – American FactFinder, 2010.
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The table below shows that nearly 84% of Florence County workers drive alone while almost 9.3% choose to carpool. These statistics mirror that carpooling may become more attractive as traffic becomes more of an issue and gas prices soar. Also, with the internet being a primary communications source, we are finding that more companies are hiring employees to work out of their home as well as provide tools for people to find potential carpool options.
Table 81 Percentage of Workers 16 Years and Over for Florence and Adjacent Counties Percent of Workers 16 Years and Over (2000, %) Total Workers Car, Truck, or Van Other Work Location 16 Years and Public Walk Drive Carpool Mean at Over Transit Only Alone s Home South Carolina 2,022,019 1,860,61 188,542 12,322 42,55 26,67 73,006 2 (92.0) (9.3) 6 0 (0.6) (3.6) (2.1) (1.3) Florence 56,568 47,559 5,404 218 650 549 2,034 (84.1) (9.5) (0.3) (1.1) (0.9) (3.5) Clarendon 10,888 8,586 1,664 47 203 88 300
(78.8) (15.2) (0.4) (1.8) (0.8) (2.7) Darlington 25,352 21,722 2,217 0 435 227 742 (85.6) (8.7) (0.0) (1.7) (0.8) (2.9) Dillon 10,808 8,122 2,114 65 136 46 315
(75.1) (19.5) (0.6) (1.2) (0.4) (2.9) Lee 5,961 4,876 824 0 85 64 112
(81.7) (13.8) (0.0) (1.4) (1.0) (2.0) Marion 11,395 9,480 1,274 65 113 91 372
(83.1) (11.1) (0.5) (0.9) (0.7) (3.2) Marlboro 9,073 7,523 1,113 38 113 108 178
(82.9) (12.2) (0.4) (1.2) (1.1) (1.9) Sumter 42,840 40,535 4,782 129 823 483 768 (94.6) (11.1) (0.3) (1.9) (1.1) (1.7) Williamsburg 11,044 8,979 1,380 142 189 113 240
(81.3) (12.4) (1.2) (1.7) (1.0) (2.17) Source: U.S. Census Bureau – American FactFinder, 2010.
In terms of future growth and development, strategic transportation planning solutions will include multimodal transportation alternatives that will solve problems such as congestion and lengthy Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 154
commute times that are occurring in major cities. Issues such as land use, zoning, mass transit, and rideshare must be addressed prior for future transportation development initiative.
Each year congestion, energy prices, pollution and loss of open spaces increase. The funding and building of bigger highway projects have been the responsibility of the federal government in the past. Now, state and local governments have become more involved due to the reductions in federal monies. Management of transportation funds will continue to be critical if we are to resume the growth of Florence County.
The spring and summer seem to reveal higher retail gasoline prices than any other time of the year. Even if crude oil prices decline, the cost of making summer-grade gasoline which produces less smog, is by far more expensive than making winter-grade gasoline. This contributes to the higher retail prices in summer months. Higher gasoline prices translate to price increases of living expenses.
In August of 2005, SAFETEA-LU (Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient, Transportation, Equity: A Legacy for Users) was passed into law. This law establishes extensive new resources and opportunities to advance highway safety throughout the country in a comprehensive strategic manner. The Office of Safety is encouraged by the opportunity this legislation offers for saving lives and reducing injuries on our Nation’s highways. Reauthorization of transportation legislation is slated for 2009, with a significant change of focus away from large highway projects towards addressing issues on a local scale.
Mass transit in the Pee Dee region has always played a large role for the commuter. The Pee Dee Regional Transportation Authority (PDRTA) was formed in 1974 and was the first in South Carolina. In 1976, they began serving six Pee Dee counties; Chesterfield, Darlington, Dillon, Florence, Marion and Marlboro. In 1988, inland county residents seeking job opportunities began to be transported to service jobs at the Grand Strand. The Family Independence Act of 1996 was the beginning of an effort made between PDRTA and DSS to provide transportation for job training as well as interviews and job fairs. PDRTA also serves the Hartsville-Darlington-Florence commuter, demand response and paratransit services. PDRTA is among the top five Largest Demand Response Transit Agencies in the United States and is considered a primary means of transportation for many.
The major benefits of coordinating transportation planning and land use include: Lower shipping costs and fewer delays for commerce; Reduced demand on roadway capacity and repairs; High transit ridership and auto occupancy; Lower transit operating costs; Improved access for transit vehicles; Increased financial support for public transportation through public-private sector partnerships; Improved access, more transportation options, and greater mobility for all residents; Reduced parking needs; A more pedestrian oriented environment (Some of the beneficial effects of more people walking would be healthier workers, and increased revenues for businesses along the sidewalks); Reduction in the rate of death and disability (The accident rate for 1000 million passenger miles for automobile taxi travel is about eight times that of bus travel); Reduction of air, noise, and water pollution; More available open space;
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Stress induced by congestion is minimized, (reducing stress would lead to fewer accidents and incidents of travel related aggression).
The table below shows a cumulative investment spreadsheet that shows jobs and investment by new or expanding companies over a three year period. Table 82 Cumulative Investments on Industry for Florence County, 2005-2008 Company Investment (mil $) Added Jobs Product Status 2008 International Knife & Saw Unknown 35 Knife & saw blades Expansion Zenta Unknown 250 Business & knowledge New processing outsourcing Estimated 2008 Totals 285 2007 ADP Unknown 100 Tax credit, payroll services Expansion David C. Poole Co. $3.00 25 Plastic fiber New Dupont $1.00 Unknown Teijin mylar & polyester films Expansion McCall Farms $3.90 40 Canned & frozen food Expansion New Millennium $15.00 40 Steel joists and girders Expansion Building System 2007 continued from previous page Pepsi $12.00 Unknown Distribution center Expansion Roche Carolina $6.00 30 Pharmaceuticals Expansion Southern Impressions Unknown 35 Flag manufacturer Expansion Washington Mutual Unknown 85 Record Storage Expansion Estimated 2007 Totals $94.90 355 2006 ABB, Inc Unknown Unknown Testing lab relocation Expansion Unknown Unknown Federal & State Tax Incentive ADP Tax Services Expansion Services Assurant Solutions Unknown Unknown Insurance Processing Expansion Charles Ingram Lumber $0.25 Unknown Lumber Warehouse Expansion Roche $15.00 10 Pharmaceuticals Expansion W. Lee Flowers Unknown Unknown Food Distribution Expansion FedEx Ground $12.00 75 Distribution Center Expansion Florence Regional Airport $1.70 Airport Expansion $5.80 Unknown ATV/Personal Watercraft Honda of SC Expansion Mfg. Engineered Products & $1.00 50 Masking Materials New Services International Knife & Saw $6.50 72 Knife & saw blades Expansion Inc IRX Pharmaceuticals $1.00 Unknown Pharmaceuticals Expansion Hudson’s Salvage $0.75 25 Distribution Center New Johnson Controls $39.00 200 Automotive batteries New Marsh Lumber Co. $1.00 30 Lumber products Expansion Palmetto Gov’t Benefits Unknown 300 BC/BS Insurance Expansion BC/BS Pet Dairy $2.00 12 Dairy products Expansion Estimated 2006 Totals $86.00 774 Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 156
2005 East Coast Erosion $2.00 18 Erosion control products New Blankets QVC Inc. $80.00 600 Distribution center New Estimated 2005 Totals $82.00 618 Source: Florence County Economic Development
MIGRATION The table below illustrates how the population of each county in the Pee Dee region has been affected by migration or the movement of people from one location to another. Traditionally, the movement of populations has had significant effects on a variety of professional, social, and cultural outcomes. Those outcomes create a climate of new community contributes such as developments like urbanization of rural communities, gentrification of neighborhoods, and redevelopment of built-out areas. Population change has been calculated based on data from the 2000 and 2010 census. Together with migration information, the percentage of the change because of migration can be calculated.
Table 83 Migration for Florence and Adjacent Counties % Of Change 2000 2010 Population Location Migration Due To Census Census Change Migration South 4,012,012 4,727,273 327,436 715,261 45.77 Carolina Florence 125,761 138,058 6,166 12,297 50.14 Clarendon 32,502 34,439 2,139 1,937 110.42 Darlington 67,394 68,161 3,610 767 470.66 Dillon 30,722 31,529 1,142 807 141.51 Lee 20,119 18,708 1,014 -1,411 -71.86 Marion 35,466 32,411 766 -3,055 -25.07 Marlboro 28,818 28,294 1,848 - 524 -352.67 Sumter 104,646 107,782 6,294 3,136 200.70 Williamsburg 37,217 33,560 1,206 -3,657 -32.97 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 and 2010
WORKPLACE DOWNTOWN DEVELOPMENT Downtown development among Florence County municipalities continues to mature. The most significant location of activity is the City of Florence’s downtown revitalization. The City is actively planning, purchasing and redeveloping the downtown area in an effort to attract further residential and business improvements.
City of Florence The Florence Downtown Development Corporation (FDDC) is a non-profit organization that was established by the City of Florence to assist in the revitalization of the downtown area. This revitalization strategy is important to insure and expand the social, economic and cultural habits of the City. The growth in Florence is inevitable and promotes much needed planning for the area.
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The Downtown Master Plan involves the acquisition of abandoned and distressed properties, design guidelines, establishment of Overlay Zoning Districts, various analyses and historic evaluations. The vision for Florence will be pursued by professionals but with the best interest of the citizens.
INDUSTRY Table 84 shows Florence County consistently reflects the State’s percentages. The County and State show a heavier focus on sale and office occupations, construction as well as production and transportation.
Table 84 Employed Population 16 Years and Over for Florence County, 2014 Florence County South Carolina United States Total Work Force and Occupation Category person % persons % persons % s Employed Population 16 Years and 57,320 100.0 2,031,997 100.0 143,435,223 100.0 Over Management, Business, Science and 19,670 34.3% 662,534 33.0% 52,234,574 36.0% Arts Occupations Service Occupations 11,116 19.4% 376,857 18.0% 26,053,338 18.0% Sales and Office Occupations 14,807 26.0% 507,727 25.0% 34,935,133 24.0% Natural Resources, Construction, and 4,309 8% 189,658 9.0% 12,875,934 10.0% Maintenance Occupations Production ,Transportation, Material 7,418 13.0% 295,221 15.0% 17,336,254 12.0% Moving Occupations Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2014, Census American Fact Finder. S2406
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Table 85 Payroll Employment Information for Florence County, 2001 Average Monthly Employment, Total Annual Payroll, Average Weekly Wage, Total Taxable Wages and Total Contributions for 2001 Total Total Total Average Annual Avg. Taxable Total Title Contrib. Monthly Payroll Weekly Wages Employment Due (in Employment (in Wage($’s) (in Units $1,000’s) $100,000’s) $100,000’s) Private 50469 14,272.4 544 3934.2 4752.6 3378 Agriculture, 323 54.5 325 25.0 34.2 83 Forestry, Fisheries Mining 19 5.3 540 1.7 4.1 3 Construction 3069 897.9 563 263.6 546.3 397 Manufacturing 11043 3,912.6 681 906.0 1339.8 174 Transportation, 2453 777.3 609 182.9 181.0 150 Community, & Public Utility Wholesale Trade 2885 959.2 639 235.3 226.7 213 Retail Trade 12131 1,972.8 313 856.0 801.6 839 Financial, 4820 1,733.0 691 427.5 378.6 261 Insurance, Real Estate Services 13586 3,927.7 556 1020.2 1200.6 1194 Nonclassified 136 31.9 451 16.1 39.7 63 Establishments Federal 731 313.3 824 0.0 0.0 20 State 2861 894.5 601 0.4 0.2 22 Local 8784 2,583.0 565 72.2 43.9 30 Source: www.sces.org/LMI/data/wages/cew/20201/florence.htmd
Florence County has a strong manufacturing base which should continue in the years ahead as it continues to attract more businesses. Leaders should be aware of national economic trends and attract desirable new industry by aligning Florence County’s educational and labor pool to be attractive to desirable new industry. Care should be taken that new industries are compatible with the goals and long-term well-being of its residents.
Federal cutbacks and national economic trends affect Florence County less severely than other parts of the U.S. Since the federal employment component of the economy is comparatively small, changes in federal workforce should not significantly affect Florence County.
With two growing hospitals and their associated industries and services, it is not surprising that health care will comprise the largest segment of the services portion of the economy. The gradual increase in the average age of the whole population will also contribute to the importance of this segment. With Baby Boomers in their fifties and sixties, the concerns are not only for them but for the assisted living
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that their parents may require. Facilities and personnel to accommodate these needs will continue to be an important issue. Agriculture may be expected to decline somewhat as it is throughout the country. Tobacco, traditionally a staple for agriculture, has been greatly reduced. Local farmers may be forced to find an alternative crop to satisfy the needs of urban markets along the East Coast. Being centrally located puts Florence in an accommodating position. Furthermore, values for crops utilized for biofuels such as soybean, corn and switchgrass may have stronger futures.
Table 86 below reflects percentage changes and projections for the different types of jobs for Florence County from 1970 to 2030. Manufacturing jobs show a decrease of 16.21% from 1970 to 2030 and farming a decrease of 11.77%. Service jobs will increase from 19.36% to 32% and government jobs project an increase of 9.29%.
Table 86 Projections of Employment Percentage by Type for Florence County, 1970-2030 Employment Type 1970 1980 1990 2000 2015 2030 Services 19.36 18.18 21.44 25.06 29.97 32.00 Government 10.62 13.42 15.55 16.84 18.00 19.91 Manufacturing 24.94 22.19 20.16 14.67 10.05 8.73 Farming 12.49 6.43 2.53 1.41 1.04 0.72 Source: 2007 Woods & Poole Economics
With its close proximity to major interstates, industrial parks are distributed throughout the County. Table 87 lists the four industrial parks located in Florence County. Three parks are located in the northwestern part of the County and one in the City of Johnsonville.
Table 87 Location of Industrial Parks in Florence County Name Site Location Municipality Florence Industrial Park US Highway 52 @ I-95 at Exit 164 Florence, SC
The Pee Dee Touchstone Commerce City I-95 at Exit 170 Florence, SC
The Young Lands Industrial Park Honda Way and I-95 at Exit 150 Timmonsville, SC
Johnsonville Commerce Center East of SC Highway 51 and 341 Johnsonville, SC Source: Florence County Economic Development
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Figure 46 Locations of Florence County Industrial Parks
Further development of industrial parks benefits Florence County for a number of reasons. Well designed and located parks attract industrial clients that in turn, profit from the proximity of complementary firms, appropriate transportation facilities, supportive infrastructure, and nearby labor. Industrial development concentrated within these parks also reduces possible negative impacts on the surrounding areas. Future land use planning surrounding these parks is also important to the quality of life of residents.
Adequate buffering protects nearby residential neighborhoods and retail sites. Concentrating development helps conserve prime farmlands, open space, timberland, and natural areas. Also, massing industrial development abets the County to gain a greater return from its investments in infrastructure. Water, sewer, power, and gas lines run shorter distances thereby requiring less initial capital and lower maintenance costs. Industrial parks situated along roadways designed to bear greater loads reduce conflicts with daily roadway users.
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AGRICULTURE Since 1974, a ‘farm’ has been defined by Censuses as any place from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were sold, or normally would have been sold, during the census year (SC State Budget and Control Board, 1992). Agricultural products have been the mainstay of Florence County and the other adjacent counties in the Pee Dee region for over a century. Table 88 shows a decline in the number of farms in Florence County, with an increase in the average size of farms in Florence County for a five-year period. Statewide, the number of farms and the total acreage has increased, with the average farm size decreasing more than 10%. The decrease in the number of farms in Florence County could be contributed to by the complexities of farm product marketing, redevelopment, rezoning, the price of land, competing uses of prime farmland, drought conditions and children of farmers seeking jobs other than farming.
Table 88 Agricultural Statistics for Florence and Adjacent Counties, 2007 and 2012 2007 2012
Land in Average Size Land in Number of Number of Average Size of Location Farms of Farm Farms Farms Farms Farm (acres) (acres) (acres) (acres) South 25,867 4,889,339 189 25,266 4,971,244 197 Carolina Florence 675 158,717 235 632 156,014 247 Clarendon 491 154,797 315 422 173,865 412 Darlington 369 172,627 468 385 176,848 459 Dillon 222 104,937 473 228 106,749 468 Lee 476 141,037 296 386 142,449 369 Marion 308 69,530 228 275 80,213 292 Marlboro 233 122,522 526 224 113,301 506 Sumter 554 153,457 277 515 176,002 342 Williamsburg 861 209,402 243 679 224,437 331 Source: www.agcensus.usda.gov
Table 89 shows the agricultural statistics for Florence and adjacent counties. While Lee County produces the greatest amount of soybeans in the Pee Dee, the other counties have their own niche crops. The most cotton is grown in Williamsburg County. Darlington is first on the list for hay and Clarendon County is best in the Pee Dee region for growing the most oats and corn for grain. Florence County leads Williamsburg County for tobacco production.
Table 89 Agricultural Statistics for Florence and Adjacent Counties, 2012 Cotton Soybeans Hay Oats For Tobacco Corn For Wheat For Location (480 lb. for Beans Productio Grain (Thousand Grain Grain Net Wt. (Bushels) n (Tons) (Bushels) Pounds) (Bushels) (Bushels) Bales) South 587,589 12,267,729 722,352 770,398 25,920,734 35,597,075 11,268,376 Carolina Florence 25,891 1,093,916 6,854 22,468 2,776,788 2,101,658 748,932 Clarendon 27,428 1,011,400 9,273 67,500 948,395 3,735,603 1,174,933
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Darlington 22,266 1,051,310 13,165 33,348 943,901 2,979,516 865,307 Dillon 22,266 1,055,973 10,449 17,520 862,318 2,102,558 1,112,583 Lee 26,642 1,161,949 5,130 6,000 - 2,758,147 1,194,007 Marion 8,041 422,680 8,608 38,941 2,086,057 890,422 237,228 Marlboro 43,726 701,972 4,865 D D 1,117,652 647,251 Sumter 8,022 644,170 11,874 12,803 760,000 2,902,631 697,338 Williamsburg 45,285 881,396 7,063 8,698 2,530,663 1,512,083 236,439 Source: www.agcensus.usda.gov (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual farms.
As shown in Table 90, Florence County total farm cash receipts and state rank has slightly risen from 2010 to 2011. Farm marketing represents agricultural products sold by farmers multiplied by prices received per unit of production at the local market. Cash receipts also include net redemption loans made or guaranteed by the Commodity Credit Corporation and other purchases under price support programs. (SC State Budget and Control Board 1997) Crops include tobacco, oil crops, feed grains, food grains, cotton, vegetables, fruit and nuts, and greenhouse crops. Livestock products include dairy products, cattle and hog products, poultry meat products and eggs, and other livestock (SC State Budget and Control Board 1997). With the slight increase in total receipts and state rank in Florence County, this can be contributed to soybeans and tobacco production, Table 89. Florence County ranks in the top 6 in agricultural production, Table 90. Table 90 Cash Receipts from Farm Marketing of Crops, Livestock, and Livestock Products in S.C. 2010 Revised (In thousands of dollars) 2011 Preliminary (In thousands of dollars) Location Livestock Total State Livestock Total Rank Crops Crops & Products Receipts Rank & Products Receipts State South $1,045,985 $1,369,817 $2,415,802 - $1,177,278 $1,417,916 $2,595,194 - Carolina Florence $40,694 $11,931 $52,625 19 $47,476 $11,478 $58,954 18 Clarendon $49,997 $45,242 $95,239 7 $63,990 $43,787 $107,777 5 Darlington $44,515 $39,537 $84,051 10 $55,148 $42,521 $97,669 8 Dillon $29,423 $42,255 $71,678 15 $41,634 $42,416 $84,050 13 Lee $31,851 $34,886 $66,738 17 $49,286 $37,239 $86,525 12 Marion $17,764 $2,911 $20,676 37 $21,141 $4,136 $25,278 35 Marlboro $28,300 $21,714 $50,014 21 $36,663 $21,489 $58,152 19 Sumter $35,795 $41,900 $77,695 11 $48,487 $43,224 $91,710 10 Total $278,339 $240,376 $518,716 - $363,825 $246,290 $610,115 - Source: South Carolina Agricultural Statistics as collected from Economic Research Service- USDA.
Table 91 indicates that broilers are the State’s most important agricultural product providing over 39% percent of South Carolina’s total agricultural production. The second ranking livestock is cattle and calves followed by chicken eggs. All other animals and hogs complete the top five livestock products.
Corn and cotton lint are at the top of the list in the crops category followed by miscellaneous crops, soybeans and dairy products.
The landscape of agricultural production in South Carolina continues to be an important part of the Pee Dee’s unindustrialized economy. Even though a smaller percentage of the Pee Dee population owns farms today and a smaller percentage of farms currently being used (14.8% percent) for agricultural Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 163
production, farming in the region is an important incubator that creates local employment which delivers multiple economic, social, and environmental benefits. The Pee Dee Farmers Market located on US Highway 52 as well as various specialty farms offer a variety of meats, fruits and vegetables have proven to be successful. Perhaps similar markets would benefit other areas of the County at pacific locations where a lack of nutritional opportunities for county residents don’t exist.
Table 91 Leading S.C. Commodities for Cash Receipts, 2014 Product Value % State Value (in thousands of dollars) 1. Broilers $1,051,560 39.3% 2. Cattle and calves $203,709 7.6% 3. Corn $171,848 6.4% 4. Cotton lint, Upland $170,638 6.4% 5. Miscellaneous crops $170,492 6.4% 6. Soybeans $140,441 5.3% 7. Chicken eggs $130,060 4.9% 8. Dairy products, Milk $70,707 2.6% 9. Peaches $68,337 2.6% 10. Wheat $66,682 2.5% 11. Tobacco $62,511 2.3% 12. Floriculture $62,048 2.3% 13. All other animals and products $61,385 2.3% 14. Peanuts $42,470 1.6% 15. Hogs $39,070 1.5% 16. Turkeys $33,529 1.3% 17. Tomatoes $29,030 1.1% 18. Watermelon $27,558 1.0% 19. Cottonseed $24,289 0.9% 20. Hay $18,121 0.7% 21. Cantaloupes $8,694 0.3% 22. Cucumbers $6,987 0.3% 23. Squash $5,625 0.2% 24. Farm chickens $2,214 0.1% 25. Honey $1,861 0.1% 26. Beans, Snap $1,705 0.1% 27. Oats $1,294 0.0% 28. Rye $700.00 0.0% 29. Pecans $496.00 0.0% 30. Mushrooms $404.00 0.0% 31. Wool $34.00 0.0% 32. Mohair $4.00 0.0% Source: USDA: Economic Research Service
Regardless of its declining value, agriculture continues to be an important part of the County’s economy. Even though a smaller percentage of the Pee Dee population owns farms today, the importance of farming as well as the challenges the farmers face are significant County issues. The Pee Dee Farmers Market located on US 52 as well as various specialty farms offering meats, fruits and vegetables have proven to be a success. Perhaps similar markets would benefit other areas of the County.
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FORESTRY Forest is the major land use in South Carolina. This resource provides the raw materials for a manufacturing industry that produces more than $6.9 billion worth of products annually statewide. Our nation is becoming more dependent on the South for its supply of timber and wood products. Each American uses the equivalent of one 100-foot tree of wood and paper products every year. That average would include the use of 613 pounds of paper, 200 square feet of lumber, 87 square feet of plywood, and 59 square feet of other board products. (Nodine 1989) Nearly 57% percent of Florence County is forested or under vegetative cover (South Carolina Forestry Commission). These data are from satellite imagery and are considered to be 85-90% accurate.
Total receipts at South Carolina mills, including roundwood harvested and retained in the state totals 321 million cubic feet per year. Exports of roundwood to other States amounted to 82.2 million cubic feet, while imports of roundwood amounted to 57.9 million cubic feet, making South Carolina a net exporter of roundwood. Since 2011, there are 70 roundwood using plants. Florence County contributes the most timber output in the Pee Dee which contributes to 3.78% percent of timber output.
Pulpwood by volume is our largest forest product while the most valuable forest product is sawtimber. Sawtimber is valued at $482 million and the pulpwood value is $281 million. South Carolina exports $1 billion annually in forest products. The table below shows you the amount of roundwood timber produced by the State, Florence and adjacent counties in 2005.
Table 92 Roundwood Timber Output for Florence and Adjacent Counties, 2009 (thousands of cubic feet) Composite Other All Products Saw Logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Panels Industrial Location Soft Hard Soft Hard Soft Hard Soft Hard Soft Hard Soft Hard Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood
South Carolina 471,897 92,274 134,525 14,337 23,948 3,777 265,073 73,000 34,712 0 13,639 1,160 Florence 17,857 5,124 3,258 310 0 69 14,391 4,733 0 0 208 12 Clarendon 9,754 1,575 853 100 0 0 8,804 1,475 0 0 97 0 Darlington 3,271 883 2,117 0 124 71 942 800 0 0 88 12 Dillon 3,485 2,791 655 205 260 69 2,254 2,517 0 0 316 0 Lee 4,876 1,379 507 0 0 121 4,332 1,246 0 0 37 12 Marion 4,412 1,627 2,521 293 130 69 1,533 1,253 0 0 228 12 Marlboro 7,188 2,394 1,502 211 0 172 5,351 1,999 0 0 335 12 Sumter 9,538 4,385 2,591 83 0 0 6,939 4,294 0 0 8 8 Williamsburg 12,703 2,407 5,088 100 0 0 7,317 2,307 0 0 298 0 Source: S.C. Department of Agriculture
Table 90 and Error! Reference source not found.93 list the cash receipts from timber harvest for 2005 and 2009, respectively. All counties increased in the number of acres of forests from 2005 to 2009 with the exception of Dillon and Marion Counties. Williamsburg, Dillon, Marion, Marlboro and Darlington Counties fell in County value ranking. Florence County ranks the highest in harvested value in the Pee Dee.
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Table 93 Value of Timber Delivered to SC Mills, 2009 Harvested Timber County Value Location Area (acres) Percent Forested Value Ranking South Carolina 13,088,248 68% $678,524,528 Florence 340,450 65 25,581,115 4 Williamsburg 413,890 72 18,396,345 14 Dillon 146,095 57 7,272,412 37 Marion 233,060 75 7,914,240 36 Marlboro 220,884 68 10,828,889 31 Darlington 164,861 48 5,624,304 41 Clarendon 221,248 58 12,040,547 30 Lee 136,354 51 6,802,726 38 Sumter 271,700 64 15,827,409 17 Source: South Carolina Agricultural Statistics (2009)
Table 94 lists the acreage and value of timber harvested for 2011. Florence County has the second highest number of acres of forested area with Williamsburg County topping the list with the highest number of acres in the Pee Dee region. Lee County has the highest value rank with Williamsburg County as the lowest. However, Williamsburg ranks first in the delivered value of timber category with Florence, Marion, Marlboro and Darlington following consecutively. Table 94 Value of Timber Delivered to SC Mills, 2011 Harvested Timber County Value Location Area (acres) Percent Forested Value Ranking South Carolina 13,120,508 68% $758,697,211 Florence 342,761 65% 18,053,724 18 Williamsburg 418,845 72% 34,309,369 3 Marion 225,338 73% 9,306,131 35 Marlboro 224,619 69% 12,612,015 27 Darlington 166,127 48% 8,084,510 39 Dillon 151,218 59% 11,204,342 30 Clarendon 224,751 58% 14,617,438 24 Sumter 269,319 64% 15,335,624 21 Lee 124,288 50% 8,232,468 38 Source: South Carolina Forestry Commission, 2011.
Part of the variation in timber revenue is due to the natural life cycle of the product. Trees proliferate, either through human intervention or naturally, and allowed to grow to the proper size, then harvested. Like field crops, the quality and quantity of the timber over any given period depends upon growing conditions. In the case of trees, the time involved is measured in decades rather than seasons.
Another possible reason for irregularities in cash receipts is that individuals sometimes use the timber on their property as a kind of savings account. During periods when they require additional cash flow, standing timber may be sold to provide it. While it is beyond the scope of this document to investigate,
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a correlation between reduced crop cash receipts and increased timber revenues may exist. Such a correlation would help with prediction of active timbering.
Forest stewardship is the active management of forests and related resources to keep land in a healthy condition for present and future generations and to increase the economic and environmental benefits of those lands.
Responsible forest management offers economic, environmental, and visual benefits to the landowner and all citizens of the County. Recognizing that forestland is a desired land use that enhances water quality and scenic beauty, the County is committed to promoting forest stewardship and preventing the abuse of forestland.
The County recognizes that, in addition to providing innumerable environmental and social benefits, timber is the most valued agricultural crop of South Carolina and supports the third largest manufacturing segment in the state. Forest resources are an important component of our state and local economies. Forest products that may be certified as “green” may increase the value of this South Carolina resource.
South Carolina Best Management Practices (BMPs) for forestry provide a highly effective non-regulatory approach to protecting water quality. Forest operations contribute approximately 4% of the human caused sediment in our waterways, compared to over 85% from agriculture, urban runoff and development. While nonpoint source pollution from forestry is a small part of the total problem, timber harvesting, site preparation, and road construction can nonetheless impair water quality. BMPs are scientifically developed practices endorsed by the EPA, SC DHEC, and the Corps of Engineers for minimizing the impact of timber harvesting operations on other natural resources.
Occasional timber harvest is necessary for many landowners to make forest ownership economically feasible, and to continue providing the benefits of forested land to the County. The County recognizes the rights of private landowners to manage and utilize renewable natural resources, and the responsibility of all citizens to protect and maintain public resources.
Scenic beauty and rural character are important contributions of forestland. Considering that timber harvesting occurs once every 20-60 years on a given site, that soil disturbance and environmental impact are among the least of any land use, and that harvesting can be applied to improve forest health, diversity, and quality; the County recognizes that actions restricting timber harvesting may adversely affect forest stewardship and result in declining forest quality. Therefore, the County may consider enacting policies that are conducive to the best management practices of forestry while restricting abuse of forestland.
According to Nodine in 1989, “our forests are not being managed or utilized at their full potential. Existing resources can continue to support the existing timber industry with some growth, but significant growth can only be accomplished through better management of the forest. Other uses of these forests can also continue to increase through wise stewardship of these resources.”
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MINING In 1974, the South Carolina Mining Act was passed to ensure all mined lands would be returned to some useful purpose and for the protection of people and the environment. This process is also known as the reclamation process. The reclamation process, as well as the mine permitting process, is overseen by the Mining and Reclamation Section of the SC Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC). The basic objectives of reclamation are to ensure public safety, establish vegetation for soil stability, and protection of adjacent areas. The regulations allow for reclamation such as lakes or ponds, grasslands, woodlands, croplands, parks or recreational areas, landfills or residential or commercial development.
Mining in South Carolina has been one of the State’s most valuable industries for over two centuries. More than $138 million are contributed to the state annually through payroll and taxes by the mining companies. In the United States, South Carolina ranks 25th in total mineral value and 13th in twenty six of the eastern states. Nationally, the state is ranked second in the production of kaolin which is a fine white clay used in the manufacture of porcelain and ranked first in cement. South Carolina is the only state east of the Mississippi that mines gold. Currently 13 minerals are being extracted from 485 active mines in South Carolina. There is an annual estimated raw mineral production value at the lip of the mine of $483 million. The mineral in South Carolina are surface mined which involves the removal of rock and soil prior to the extraction of the mineral. Open pit mining, strip mining and dredging are the three types of surface mines in the State. Mining in South Carolina is very productive and makes a major contribution to the economy.
Table 95 provides a list of active mining permits in Florence County, as well as the minerals mined and the reclamation practice. Sand and clay are the major materials mined in Florence County. The table below shows permitted mines.
Table 95 Florence County Active Mining Permits 2013 MINE NAME MINERALS MINED RECLAMATION PRACTICE McCutcheon Mine Sand Sandclay Grasslands Poston Pit Sand Sandclay Grasslands, Lake or Pond Wildbird Run Mine Sand Top Residential Subdivision Rutland Mine Sand Top Pond Coward Mine 1 Sand Top Pond Huggins Mine Sand Top Pond Magnolia Lake Mine Sand Top Residential Subdivision Oshay Mine Sand Top Grasslands Woodberry Lake Sand Top Pond Weaver East Salem Rd Sand Top Pond Asphalt Plant #8 Sand Grasslands Johnsonville Plant Sand Lake or Pond Prestress Mine Sand Grasslands, Lake or Pond Florence County Mine Sand Sandclay Grasslands Gilbert Drive Mine Soil Sandclay Grasslands Mclellan Mine Soil Sandclay Grasslands, Lake or Pond Source: SC Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC)
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GOALS AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES The goals of the Economic Element aim to challenge Florence County to think and act progressively about its future. Immediate action is required for the County to maintain the economic status that meets the demand of the people. The following goals create an important outline in which participation will be key to Florence County’s future development.
GOAL 1 The redevelopment of the downtown area should be a high priority of the City and County Governments and the Chamber of Commerce.
Implementation Strategy: Establish better communication of all local government entities to provide one unified vision for the betterment of our County. Coordinate efforts for downtown revitalization
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 2 Create new economic markets to cash in on South Carolina’s emerging Recreation, Arts and Retirement images.
Implementation Strategy: Focus on the County’s natural resources, proximity to the beach, affordable housing, medical facilities and cultural centers. Furthermore, the Pee Dee Regional Transportation Authority affords options to travel the region without sole reliance on an automobile. Advertisements to move to Florence would attract more people to the area.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 3 Explore the creation of an icon that will identify the County to visitors.
Implementation Strategy: Local government should aim to provide non-vehicle transportation to reduce pollution, traffic congestion and for the general physical well being of its citizens.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 4 Focus on attracting ‘only in Florence’ talent and businesses.
Implementation Strategy: Seek innovative and high profile individuals and businesses that will enhance the County’s forward-thinking perspective and quality of life. Continue to address issues that would limit Florence County as an attractive place to expand and locate. Support the development of entry structures welcoming visitors and residents to the County.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 5 Become recognized as a regional cultural center.
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Implementation Strategy: Support the implementation, development and proliferation of cultural amenities. Seek opportunities to expand culture and art presentations geared towards all ages.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 6 Develop and encourage meaningful architecture in highly visible buildings and structures.
Implementation Strategy: Develop entry structures to the County that reflect a distinctive county-wide theme.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 7 Explore and encourage the purchase of local and sustainable products.
Implementation Strategy: Determine the feasibility of purchasing ‘green’ products through County purchases. Explore the potential of incorporating LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified building guidelines and Low Impact Development (LID). Determine the feasibility of incorporating alternative energy sources to offset energy used from the grid. Provide education and outreach to the public, especially children about the benefits of local products and energy conservation.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 8 Explore the development of ecotourism.
Implementation Strategy: Support State programs such as the Scenic Rivers Program and explore the feasibility to join the American Rivers, Blue Trails initiative.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 9 Attract global, national and regional interests by forward-thinking operating procedures to increase quality of life.
Implementation Strategy: Support the growth of a County Trail system. Support innovative alternative transportation systems. Support increased passive and active parks. Local government should aim to provide non-vehicle transportation opportunities to reduce pollution, traffic congestion and for the general physical well being of its citizens.
Time Frame: Continuous
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COMMUNITY FACILITIES ELEMENT
LIBRARY FACILITIES The Florence County Library System is headquartered in the City of Florence at the Doctors Bruce and Lee Foundation Library and has five branch libraries located throughout the County. The 82,000 square foot Doctors Bruce and Lee Foundation Library contains a computer lab, a 200-seat meeting room, and public access to internet terminals. The Doctors Bruce and Lee Library also contains a South Carolina history room, which is named in honor of Eugene N. “Nick” Zeigler, local historian, attorney, and former SC legislator. This facility opened in 2005 in part through a generous gift of the Doctors Bruce and Lee Foundation. The previous Florence County Library building, located at 319 South Irby Street, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.
Figure 47 The Florence Main Library
Source: Courtesy of Florence County Library System
Additional libraries are found at higher education facilities. Florence-Darlington Technical College includes a library on its main campus and a branch library in the downtown Florence campus. Francis Marion University has a 77,000 square foot library on its campus. Although these collegiate libraries are open to the public, only students with school-specific ID cards can check out materials.
Several libraries in our area have specialties such as the Family History Library at the Florence Ward of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, which provides information on Florence County families and access to the Genealogical Library in Salt Lake City, Utah. Also, the Health Science Library, located at McLeod Health, contains over 500 books and medical journals. It is most often used by the staff of the hospital, but it is open to the public. In addition, the Doctors Bruce and Lee Library, the James A. Rogers Library, and the Francis Marion Library all have South Carolina history sections.
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The table below is a listing of all libraries in Florence County, their location, and if computers are available. The library is currently improving computer access for people with special needs.
Table 96 County Libraries Library Location Computer Access? Drs. Bruce & Lee Library 509 S. Dargan St., Florence √ Johnsonville Public Library 242 S. Georgetown Hwy., Johnsonville √ Lake City Public Library 221 E. Main St., Lake City √ Olanta Public Library 210 E. Hampton St., Olanta √ Pamplico Public Library 100 E. Main St., Pamplico √ Timmonsville Public Library 298 W. Smith St., Timmonsville √ Family History Center 600 Maynard Ave., Florence √ Health Sciences Library McLeod Health James A. Rogers Library Francis Marion University √ Wellman, Inc. Library Florence Darlington Tech √ Florence Darlington Tech Segars Library √ Downtown Campus Florence Darlington Tech Lake City Reference Library √ Lake City Campus Source: On-location library staff
MUSEUMS Florence County’s vast cultural diversity and enthusiastic support of the fine arts are represented in an impressive series of museums, theaters, and a variety of performance venues.
The War Between the States Museum According to the War Between the States Museum website, you can “take a walk into the past and visit and experience the many artifacts, pictures and stories of a nation divided.” This museum was founded in September 1988 by members of the Pee Dee Rifles and Sons of Confederate Veterans who possess Civil War artifacts to share with the public. In September 1989, the museum moved to its present location at 107 South Guerry Street in Florence. This was the boyhood home of one of the founding members and was donated as the location of the museum.
Railroad Museum The Railroad Museum consists of a restored caboose and boxcar filled with railroad memorabilia. This museum is located on Railroad Street adjacent to the Florence City-County Complex and is operated by the Florence Museum.
The Browntown Museum The Browntown Museum is located on Highway 341 between Lake City and Johnsonville. The museum display pioneering ingenuity and farm-related industry including a notable cotton gin with wooden gears, which continued operating through the late 19th century. The site also contains a corn crib, smokehouse, outhouse, and the Brown-Burrows Home, built about 1845.
The origin of Browntown can be traced to two brothers, Robert Brown (1784-1866) and William Brown (1775-1850), and their families. Their holdings comprised over 8,000 acres. The museum, which was Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 173
erected by Three Rivers Historical Society in 1982, was added to the National Register of Historical Places on June 28, 1982. Figure 48 Browntown Museum
Staff photo: March 29, 2007
The National Bean Market Museum Located at 111 Henry St., Lake City and built in 1936, this thriving market became the largest truck auction bean market in the world. The museum includes exhibits and displays depicting early farm life in the Pee Dee area. The site includes a pole tobacco barn, market area and Agricultural center. Source: www.lakecitysc.org
The market has local produce available during the summer months and hosts a Holiday Market the first weekend of December. The building is on the National Register of Historic places.
The Florence Museum of Art, Science, and History Founded in 1924 and incorporated in 1936, The Florence Museum of Art, Science, and History “was established to promote the arts and sciences: to collect, to preserve, and to exhibit objects of historic, artistic, and scientific interest; as a cultural resource for the Pee Dee area” (Internet 1). http://www.florencemuseum.org/press/
In 2008, the Florence County Museum Board was established and consists of 13 members that meet quarterly. They were given the mission to build a new museum facility. The old museum was located at the Sanborn Chase Home on Spruce St. in Florence but was closed in 2013 to prepare for the Museum’s new building location at 111 West Cheves St. in Florence. The facility opened October 11, 2014 and is almost 30,000 square feet of which approximately 11,000 square feet is exhibit space. The museum was funded by the Drs. Bruce and Lee Foundation, the State of South Carolina and Florence County.
The Florence Museum Board of Trustees consists of 27 members who are appointed by the membership of the Florence Museum at their annual meeting. Acquisitions and resource allocations are provided by this Board.
The Wright Foundation for Southern Art was established with the Board of Directors responsible for the acquisition and care of the Wright Foundation of Southern Art collections and artifacts for the benefit of the Florence County Museum. This collection represents some of the finest 20th century Southern art.
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A permanent collection includes two works on paper and three oil paintings by the celebrated African- American and Florence native, William H. Johnson.
Local history collections are well represented and offer an educational experience for all ages. Figure 49 The Florence Museum of Art, Science, and History
Civic, Arts and Market Venues Florence Civic Center The Florence Civic center opened in 1993 and is the largest indoor venue for entertainment, conventions and civic events in the Pee Dee. The building’s 50,000 square feet of multipurpose space is the largest exhibition facility in northeast South Carolina. It includes a 10,000 seat arena, 14,500 square foot Exhibit Hall and the Pee Dee, Waccamaw and Santee meeting Rooms. The civic center is positioned near the I- 95 and I-20 interchange, an easy to access location across from the Magnolia Mall and co-located with hotels and restaurants.
The facility is home to the Florence Symphony Orchestra. The center also hosts a variety of entertainment from Disney on Ice to the SC Governor’s Rural Summit. www.florenceciviccenter.com
Florence City Council has an intergovernmental agreement with Florence County to pay more than $16 million for expansions to the Civic Center over a 25-year period. Figure 50 Florence Civic Center
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Back Swamp School This School House is located north of the intersection of TV Road and Pocket Road where it is utilized as a community center under the care of the Back Swamp School Trust. The building can accommodate about one hundred people. Future plans for this community center include installation of kitchen facilities.
The original Back Swamp School House was built in 1843 by John Rogers and used as a school for his children. In 1921 a new building was constructed to serve the community’s needs replacing the original school house. In 1950 the school was consolidated with the city schools of Florence and this property was later deeded to the Back Swamp School Trust and may be reserved by public groups. Source: Back Swamp School Trust.
Florence Little Theatre Florence Little Theatre’s new facility opened September 2008 and is no less than state-of-the- art. The 35,000 square foot facility seats approximately 396 persons and is located on South Dargan Street between Pine and Elm Streets. This cultural facility is only one of many efforts that will aid in the revitalization of downtown Florence and bring us high caliber productions at the same time. Figure 51 Florence Little Theater
Francis Marion Performing Arts Center In 2011, The Francis Marion University Performing Arts Center was constructed at 201 S. Dargan Street in the Downtown Arts and Cultural District. The new facility is 61,000 square feet. Its main elements include an 849-seat Mainstage with a fly tower, a 100-seat flexible Black Box space, and an Academic Wing for the Department of Fine Arts. It is a multi-purpose facility that enriches the lives of students, faculty, and members of the community. The Performing Arts Center is an educational facility. The academic wing is used by the Department of Fine Arts for teaching students and assisting them in achieving their highest potential. Its practice rooms and technology lab provide opportunities to explore the arts and encourage creativity. Students also benefit through interactive use of the mainstage and performance lab facilities equipped with the latest technology. The presentation of high quality programs in the visual and performing arts offers all FMU students the opportunity for cultural enrichment and critical analysis of ideas expressed through the arts. The exterior of the building consists of Winnsboro granite with Georgia White Cherokee marble insets. The construction of this facility was made possible through a partnership between FMU and the City of Florence and is partially funded through a substantial private gift from the Doctors Bruce & Lee Foundation. Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 176
Figure 52 Francis Marion Performing Arts Center
Lake City Community Theatre This community theatre group presents a full length musical production each year in March at the Blanding Street Auditorium, located at 125 S. Blanding Street, Lake City.
Pee Dee State Farmers Market The Pee Dee Farmers Market is located at 2513 W. Lucas Street and offers fresh fruits and vegetables including a large selection of plants and flowers. A 45,000 sq ft drive through open air market allows for convenient shopping. The old red barn is a one hundred year old structure that has been renovated and is used to promote agricultural products. It also houses a restaurant that serves fresh vegetables from the Farmer’s Market. Figure 53 The Pee Dee State Farmer's Market
The Southern Plant and Flower Festival is held in the spring and fall attracting 40,000 people, respectively, on average. Annually, this market sees more than 300,000 visitors.
Hours of operation are Monday through Saturday from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm. This market is closed Thanksgiving, Christmas, and state holidays.
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Eastern Carolina Agriculture Fair Florence hosts this fair in October yearly at 5226 E. Palmetto St. Rides, food, games, and exhibits, are available to the public.
Senior Services The Senior Citizens Association in Florence County provides activities, programs and services to enhance the well-being of older adults in Florence County. The focus is to provide access to programs to improve the quality of life for individuals 50 years of age and older. Our programming is based on the following wellness concept: intellectual, emotional, physical, spiritual, vocational, and social wellness. The Association depends on the members to help plan activities and programs.
There are currently six sites throughout the County where seniors can receive meals and participate in planned activities. The agency also provides transportation to and from the sites listed below: Johnsonville Nutrition Site, 304 S. Hampton St., Johnsonville Lake City Senior Center, 198 N. Acline St., Lake City Leatherman Senior Center, 600 Senior Way, Florence County Olanta Site, 413 Park Ave., Olanta Timmonsville Site, 133 N. Tanyard St., Timmonsville Trinity Site, 124 Darlington St., Florence County
The Association operates the senior centers in partnership with local governments and non-profit organizations including Florence County, Town of Johnsonville and the City of Lake City. Adults aged 50 and older come together for recreational activities that reflect their experience, skills and interest. The Leatherman Senior Center located in Florence is a state-of-the-art, multi-purpose, 15,000 square-foot facility, housing recreational, fitness, socialization, and educational opportunities for our community’s senior adults, age 50 and over. The Lake City Senior Center is a 8,000 square-foot facility and shares the same objectives as the Leatherman Senior Center. source: Linda Johnson www.seniorcitizensassociation.com.
ANIMAL SHELTERS The Florence Area Humane Society Animal Shelter (FAHS) The FAHS is a non-profit organization serving our area in animal cruelty prevention and educating the public regarding pet overpopulation. The current facility is located at 1434 McCurdy Road in Florence. Adoption hours are Tuesday through Saturday, 12:00 noon to 5:00PM.
Florence County Animal Control Facility The 4,600 square foot building is located at 1487 Humane Lane and houses about 150 animals. The climate controlled facility has examination and surgical rooms with an area for people to visit the animals. It also features an air-evacuation system to help control airborne illnesses. The facility is open from 10:00AM to 4:00PM Monday through Friday.
PARKS AND RECREATION FACILITIES Active and passive recreational opportunities are important for maintaining and increasing the quality of life for residents and visitors. County and local parks often play a regular role in city and private
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sponsored organized sports, family gatherings, social functions, and impromptu visits by local residents. Altogether, Florence County contains more than 1400 acres of park land.
In addition to publicly owned green space, seven golf courses are located in Florence County: The Florence Country Club, The Crossings, Oakdale Country Club, Country Club of South Carolina, and The Traces Golf Club. Lake City Country Club is located in Lake City while The Wellman Club is located in Johnsonville. Table 97 Florence County Area Park Facilities Size Facility Location Amenities (acres) baseball, playground, fishing, canoeing, nature trails, picnic areas, cabin rentals, tent and RV Lynches River Lynches River, 676 camping, splash pad, community building, County Park west of US52 canopy walk, boardwalk, environmental discovery center Coward Park Coward 10.3 baseball, softball, community building Friendfield Effingham 3.5 baseball, softball Savannah Grove baseball, softball, picnic shelter, basketball, Effingham 29 Athletic Park volleyball, walking track, playground Greenwood Evergreen 25.9 baseball Spaulding Heights Evergreen 6.5 baseball, basketball, playground Skating path, picnic area and shelter, Lester Park Florence 0.9 playground softball, football, basketball, tennis, community Levy Park Florence 16.9 center, playground, picnic area tennis, nature trails and gardens, playground, Lucas Park Florence 12 picnic area Iola Jones Park Florence 4.3 basketball, ballfield, playground Jeffries Creek Park Florence 55.6 nature trails, playgrounds , picnic area, shelter baseball, basketball, horseshoes, nature trails, McLeod Park Florence 51.7 skateboard, picnic area, shelters, restrooms, concession stands, press boxes Maple Park Florence 3.1 baseball, tennis, community center, playground baseball, swimming pool, bath house, Northside Park Florence 6.5 concession stand, restrooms, press box, walking trail ballfield, basketball, tennis, concession stand, Northwest Park Florence 8.4 restrooms, community center for seniors and children, playground, picnic area, shelter Pettigrew Millpond Florence 153.7 plans for nature areas and trails, picnic areas Rail Trail Florence 14 natural and paved trails softball, basketball, tennis, playground, picnic South Park Florence 3.8 area and shelter, skating path tennis, picnic areas, fitness course, shelter, Timrod Park Florence 18 gazebo, gardens, interpretive nature trails
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Size Facility Location Amenities (acres) Friendship Park Florence 3.4 softball, clubhouse, shelter and picnic area baseball, softball, football, soccer, gymnastics Freedom Florence Florence 95.8 center, picnic area and shelters, walking trails, Recreation Complex ScienceSouth Pavilion Veterans’ Memorial Florence 5.6 walking trails, gardens Park Tara Village Florence 7.8 baseball, concession stand Scranton Tennis Scranton 0.6 tennis Scranton Park Scranton 3.9 walking trail, playground, pavilion Weatherford Park Scranton 12.6 baseball and concession softball, tennis, climbing wall, playground, Ebenezer Park Florence 8.7 picnic shelter baseball, softball, community building, picnic Prosser Field Johnsonville 16.3 shelter, playground area Hickory Hill Johnsonville 1.5 basketball, picnic area Beards Park Lake City 2.9 softball Kennedy Park Lake City 5.1 softball, tennis, basketball, picnic area Lions Park Lake City 6.8 baseball, tennis, picnic area, concession stand Martha Law Park Lake City 4.2 baseball, picnic area Wrenn Village Park Lake City 3.9 baseball South Blanding St. Lake City 12.8 baseball Oak Grove Oak Grove 6 baseball, concession stand Olanta Athletic Park Olanta 6 baseball, softball baseball, picnic shelter, playground area, and Lavern Ard Park Pamplico 12.9 community building St. Luke Pamplico 5.1 softball, picnic shelter Prospect Prospect 3.4 softball field, community building Quinby Recreation tennis, soccer, swimming pool, playground, Quinby 9.6 Complex covered picnic area Francis Marion baseball, community building, picnic shelter, Quinby 9.7 Athletic Complex playground Sardis Sardis 3.5 baseball, concession stand Willow Creek Scranton 4.8 baseball, concession stand Piney Grove Park Timmonsville 1 playground, picnic shelter baseball, softball, community building, picnic 403 Athletic Park Timmonsville 22.3 shelter, playground Woods Bay State Olanta 1,590 fishing, canoeing, nature trails (Note: 32 acres of this Park park are located within Florence County) Ron McNair Lake City 16.8 gardens, walking trails Memorial Park Lake City picnic shelter, playground, fishing deck, walking Lake City 6.5 Community Park trail
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Size Facility Location Amenities (acres) Mars Bluff Park Florence 3.5 running track Brooks McCall Park Florence 10 open space Sugar Hill Coward 19 baseball Johnsonville picnic shelter, meeting hall, playground, open Johnsonville 10.8 Recreation Park space Johnsonville Tennis Johnsonville 3 tennis Complex Edgar Simon Timmonsville 2.2 playground, open space Memorial Park TOTAL 1461 acres (1,558 acres of Woods Bay, 47, are located in Sumter County) Rail Trail The Rail Trail is located on the west side of Florence and totals 10.28 miles. The Freedom Florence Trails are located on the east side of Florence and total 8.08 miles. This network of trails is used for fitness and outdoor enjoyment. The trails can be accessed from several urban connector locations. These connectors are in the area of the Magnolia Mall, Veterans Park, McLeod Park and Live Oak. The urban connectors contain a total of 21.81 miles. The trails are a perfect opportunity to view some beautiful natural scenery inside the city limits of Florence. Figure 54 Florence Rail
Picture courtesy of http://www.sciway3.net/outdoors/park-florencerailtrail.html
Francis Marion Trail The Francis Marion Trails Commission was created in 2005 to plan and implement a heritage tourism trail. The trail would center on the life and campaigns of General Francis Marion. Its mission is to reveal, preserve, develop, and promote in a sustainable way the authentic sites where Francis Marion lived and fought during the Revolutionary War.
The Francis Marion Trail (FMT) will encompass ten counties in South Carolina. These are Florence, Horry, Georgetown, Berkley, Clarendon, Williamsburg, Marion, Sumter, Colleton, and Charleston. The FMT is envisioned to be a network of sites accessible by automobile, with the eventual possibility of incorporating some sites by walking trail or bicycle.
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The planning part of the project has been completed and now the commission can move on to the actual development of the Francis Marion Trail. Fifteen Marion sites have been identified. Other sites will be excavated as they are found.
Clemson University Outdoor Education Trail Located at the Clemson University’s Pee Dee Research and Education Center, this trail straddles Florence and Darlington Counties. The education trail is 1.5 miles of interactive educational kiosks and interactive demonstrations with emphasis on our regions natural resources and the importance of resource conservation.
River Access Florence County has two major river systems: the Great Pee Dee River and the Lynches River. Both are designated by the State Department of Natural Resources as State Scenic Rivers. The designated area on the Great Pee Dee is from the Highway 378 Bridge towards Georgetown. The Lynches River designation stretches from Lee County to the eastern boundary of Lynches River Park, located in Florence County. Numerous river landings in Florence County provide access to miles of scenic waterways. SC Highway 327 Boat Ramp on Black Creek US Highway 52 Boat Ramp on Lynches River Odell Venters on Lynches River Bazens Landing on the Great Pee Dee River Dewitts Bluff on the Great Pee Dee River Ellison Landing on the Great Pee Dee River Persimmon Bluff on Lynches River Timber or Ginn’s Bluff on Lynches River Bottle Landing on Lynches River Pitts Landing on Lynches River Mack Lake on Lynches River Smith Landing on Lynches River River Rest (aka Timber Landing) is located on Lynches River Bass Bridge on Lynches River Courtney Point on Lynches River Cockfield Landing on Lynches River Anderson Bridge on Lynches River High Bank located on Lynches River Rush Landing located on Lynches River Bostick’s Landing on Great Pee Dee River
EDUCATION FACILITIES Florence County Schools have been accredited by South Carolina Independent School Administration, South Carolina State Department of Education and the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Florence County includes public and private schools. Five public school districts comprise the Florence County Public School System. Table 6-3 reflects statistics by district for 2014-2015.
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Table 98 School Statistics by District 2014-2015 School Attendance Annual With Total Total Students per District Rate Dropout Rate Disabilities Teachers Students Teacher One 94.7 2.0 16.5 1136 16,434 14.5 Two 94.4 1.1 16.5 78 1,219 15.6 Three 94.7 5.5 20.4 258 3,732 14.5 Four 98.3 0.0 14.2 51 751 14.7 Five 94.4 2.8 20.8 84 1,413 16.8 Total 136 1908 1772 1.2 22,119 12.5
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The following map shows the boundaries of each School District and its respective district number. A summary of each District’s facilities follows the countywide map. Figure 55 Florence Public School District Geography
Florence County School District One Florence County School District One is the largest of the five districts in land area and student population and serves the City of Florence and the Town of Quinby. School locations and enrollment figures for elementary, middle, high and private schools located in District One are given in the following map and table, respectively.
Table 99 Florence School District One Enrollment, 2012-2017. School 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Briggs Elementary 686 651 664 643 596 Carver Elementary 629 610 619 586 570 Delmae Elementary 616 619 592 580 613 Lucy T. Davis Elementary 441 556 609 579 605 Dewey Carter Elementary 759 720 740 751 774 Greenwood Elementary 796 786 764 786 756 McLaurin Elementary 696 669 691 692 775 Moore Intermediate 785 816 821 875 927 North Vista Elementary 546 593 614 674 725 Palmetto Youth Charter 48 23 73 82 88 Royall Elementary 669 660 642 689 651 Savannah Grove Elementary 679 678 675 623 655 Theodore Lester Elementary 415 420 413 398 464 Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 184
School 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Timrod Elementary 421 435 419 422 403 Wallace Gregg Elementary 338 356 382 398 387 Elementary School Totals 8524 8592 8718 8778 8989 Henry L. Sneed Middle 959 966 910 889 886 Southside Middle 886 872 841 822 879 Williams Middle 653 672 687 656 629 Middle School Totals 2498 2510 2438 2367 2394 South Florence High 1617 1606 1629 1611 1658 West Florence High 1704 1720 1796 1772 1853 Wilson High 1092 1120 1119 1187 1236 High School Totals 4413 4446 4544 4570 4747 District One Totals 14,435 15,548 15,700 5,715 16,130 All Saints Episcopal Day School 264 Calvary Baptist Kindergarten 119 Ebenezer Baptist Kindergarten 160 Florence Christian School 627 Highland Park Kindergarten 104 Maranatha Christian School 280 Montessori School of Florence 137 St. Anthony Parish School 126 The King’s Academy 308 Private School Totals 2125
Florence District One owns a total of 27 facilities and two vacant properties. These facilities include fourteen elementary schools, three middle schools, three high schools, one administration building, Dr. R. M. Beck Center (Carver Community Center), one career center, Poynor School, which serves as a combination of an administration building and adult center, one Parent Learning Center, The James F. Reames, Jr. (Clinical Day Center) and a warehouse. The two parcels consist of forty acres located along Highway 327, and 55 acres identified as the Josey property.
Florence School District One also leases a house at 612 S. Coit Street for their Still Acquiring Independent Life Skills (SAILS) Program.
Florence County School District Two Florence County School District Two serves the Towns of Pamplico and Hannah. District Two includes Hannah-Pamplico High School and Hannah-Pamplico Elementary/Middle School. The District Two office is located between these two schools. Table 100 Florence School District Two Enrollment, 2012-2017 School 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Hannah-Pamplico 800 786 804 761 796 Elementary/Middle
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School 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Hannah-Pamplico High/ Technical Preparation and Occupational 335 343 355 349 351 Education Dept. New Prospect Christian School 64 71 61 52 0 (private) District Totals 1199 1200 1220 1162 1147 Source: Data Management and Analysis, South Carolina Department of Education
Hannah-Pamplico Elementary School/Middle School is a 146,700 sq. ft. facility constructed in 2000 and has attendance of over 800 students. Future plans include adding four rooms for special needs children. The previous middle school now houses the Therapeutic Behavioral Services Program. A media center and administrative offices were recently added to Hannah-Pamplico High School. Plans exist for the addition of two computer assisted classrooms.
Florence County School District Three Florence County School District Three serves Lake City, the Towns of Coward, Scranton and Olanta. Table 101 Florence School District Three Enrollment, 2012-2017 School 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Ronald E. McNair Middle 495 502 460 473 554 Lake City High 1169 1099 1087 993 966 Lake City Elementary 569 463 455 431 385 Main Street Elementary 456 466 470 443 392 J. Paul Truluck Middle 398 408 415 404 272 J. C. Lynch Elementary 319 341 335 355 378 Olanta Elementary 211 201 192 195 222 Scranton Elementary 251 280 313 331 365 Carolina Academy (private) 285 369 District Totals 3868 3760 3727 3625 3903 Source: Data Management and Analysis, South Carolina Department of Education
Florence County School District Four Florence County School District Four serves the Town of Timmonsville and the Sardis and Cartersville Townships. In 2000, the District built a new K-12 educational complex consolidating four older schools. Table 102 Florence School District Four Enrollment, 2012-2017 School 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 North Brockington Elementary 392 382 383 397 392 Johnson Middle School 176 156 150 138 137 Timmonsville High School 199 194 208 199 204 District Totals 767 732 741 734 733 Source: Data Management and Analysis, South Carolina Department of Education
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Florence County School District Five Florence County School District Five educates the children of the City of Johnsonville, Vox, Prospect, and Kingsburg communities. Johnsonville’s High School Vocational Center was built in August 1998. A 14,500 sq. ft. primary elementary school was also built at this time. A science wing was added to the High School in December 2003 and in December 2005, a 4,775 sq. ft. addition was added to the cafeteria. Florence School District Five Campus Health Center was completed in January 2008.
Table 103 Florence School District Enrollment, 2012-2017 School 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Johnsonville Elementary 532 544 523 497 489 Johnsonville Middle 437 416 409 392 375 Johnsonville High School 450 422 435 429 394 District Totals 1419 1382 1367 1318 1258
Figure 56 Francis Marion University
Francis Marion University Francis Marion University is a four year college with one of the most diverse student bodies in the South and enrolls nearly 4,000 students. They offer undergraduate and graduate degrees in over 30 areas of study. Their visual art and art education program is one of seven colleges in the country accredited by the National Association of Art and Design (NASAD). The School of Business is fully accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) and was named by the Princeton Review as one of the “Best 237 Business Schools.”
All faculty hold advanced degrees and 81% of the full time faculty hold doctoral or terminal degrees. The student –faculty ratio is 15 to 1, and the overall class size is 21. The average age of undergraduates is 21, while the average age of graduate students is 36. Table 104 Francis Marion University Enrollment, 2015-2016 Total enrollment 3,947 Undergraduate enrollment 3,584 Percent of undergraduate enrollment by gender Men 31.6% Women 68.4% Percent of undergraduate enrollment by race/ethnicity
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Non-resident alien 1.5% Black non-Hispanic 45.7% American Indian or Alaskan Native 0.5% Asian or Pacific Islander 1.3% Hispanic 1.6% White non-Hispanic 46.8%
Florence-Darlington Technical College Florence-Darlington Technical College is a two year school that offers quality education in more than 85 fields of study. Among the special services and programs at the main campus are the ESAB School of Welding and Cutting, the Advanced Welding and Cutting Center, the Caterpillar Dealer Academy, and a Cisco Systems Training Laboratory. Several degree programs are offered entirely online. Source: www.fcedp.com Table 105 Florence-Darlington Technical College Enrollment, 2015-2016 Total enrollment 6,007 Undergraduate enrollment 6,007 Percent of undergraduate enrollment by gender Men 36% Women 64% Percent of undergraduate enrollment by race/ethnicity Non-resident alien 0% Black non-Hispanic 46.2% American Indian or Alaskan Native 1.0% Asian or Pacific Islander 0.8% Hispanic 2.0% White non-Hispanic 43.6%
Figure 57 Southeastern Institute of Manufacturing & Technology
Southeastern Institute of Manufacturing and Technology (SiMT) Southeastern Institute of Manufacturing and Technology (SiMT) is located at 1951 Pisgah Rd at the Florence Darlington Technical College. SiMT provides customers with strategic training and
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manufacturing technology solutions that maximize workforce productivity in advanced manufacturing environments.
They offer a variety of training in manufacturing areas (including quality, machining, rapid prototyping, fluid power, robotics, electronics, maintenance, and programmable logic controls), health, safety, computing, networking, environmental, biotechnology, business, management, supervision, and more. (Source www.simt.com/aboutus.asp)
TELECOMMUNICATIONS Florence County has an extensive service of fiber optic cable and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) offered by AT&T and Time Warner Cable of SC. Broadband data and e-commerce services are available to business customers in many areas while web hosting and other internet services are also offered.
Cellular phone services are provided by many national systems including AT&T, Sprint PCS, T-Mobile and Verizon.
Media Outlets Florence County offers several options to the community for community news and happenings. These services include print, radio broadcasting and TV broadcasting. Categorized below are the media choices available: Print The following newsprint mediums are distributed: Community News, The Morning News, The News Journal, The Greater Pee Dee Business Journal, Lake City News and Post, The weekly Observer, The Shopper, She Magazine. TV Broadcasting The following television signals are available: WBTW News 13-(CBS), WPDE TV 15-(ABC), WWMB-TV 21, WFXB Fox 43 and Channel 11 Government Access Channel. Radio Broadcasting Cumulus Broadcasting WYNN, WBZF, WCMG, WHLZ, WMXT and WWFN Miller Communications STAR 93.7, WICI 94.7 and WWKT 99.3 Quantum Communications WDAR-FM Sunny 105.5, WEGX-FX Eagle 92.9, WJMX-FM 103-X, WJMX-AM News/Talk 970, WZTF-FM 102.9, WGSS-FM 94.1, WWRK-AM 1400 and WDSC-AM 800
TRANSPORTATION This component of the county facilities section surveys the specific transportation resources available in Florence County. Transportation classifications include transit, residential traffic, commercial bus lines, emergency and service vehicles, railroads, airlines and freight.
The Transportation Element is a recently legislated addition to the County Comprehensive Plan that will focus on transportation more specifically. This element will include transportation facilities, major road Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 189
improvements, new road construction, and transit projects. It will also address pedestrian and bicycle issues. This element will coordinate with the Land Use Element to ensure transportation efficiency for current and future development.
Both Interstate-20 and Interstate-95 are proximal to the County allowing easy access for residential, visitor and commercial traffic. Four major highways serve as connectors: Highway 76 connects Florence to Chattanooga, Tennessee while Highway 301 spans to Florida. Highway 52 connects to Charleston, South Carolina or Canada to the north. Highway 378 will direct traffic to Columbia, SC. In general, Florence County has 1678 miles of paved roads with almost 90% being two lanes. In addition, there are over 600 miles of unpaved roads. Transit The Pee Dee Regional Transportation Authority (PDRTA) has actively coordinated transportation services for the Pee Dee region for 40 years. It was the first RTA in the state of South Carolina and its service area includes six counties in the Pee Dee. The PDRTA provides a fixed route bus service for the cities of Florence, Darlington and Lake City as well as a commuter route service between Darlington and Florence, demand response transportation, Paratransit services and the commuter routes for the Pee Dee residents employed on the Grand Strand. In 2016 they introduced new “lifeline” transportation service to certain rural communities in Florence and Darlington Counties.
PDRTA’s fleet consists of 31 revenue vehicles from transit buses and trolleys to minivans. All vehicles are wheelchair accessible. In PDRTA’s last fiscal year, they provided 243,157 passenger trips and 531,395 miles. Approximately 800 people are transported daily.
Almost half of all riders are using the service to get to/from work and approximately 20% more are traveling to Francis Marion University or Florence Darlington Technical College, with the remainder using the service to get to medical appointments, shopping destinations, and elsewhere. Please visit www.pdrta.org for further route information.
PDRTA provides the majority of funding through federal and state grants with the balance coming from local entities including municipalities, and customer fares, contracts and advertising.
Rail Service Florence is home to a major switching yard for CSX railroad and has direct rail service to two major seaports: Charleston, S.C., and Wilmington, N.C.
Amtrak passenger rail, located at 807 E. Day St. offers a connecting service between Florence and the cities of Greenville, Spartanburg, Myrtle Beach, and Columbia, with intermediary stops to Camden and Conway.
Airports American Airlines has daily departures from the Florence Regional Airport to the Charlotte-Douglas International Airport.
In 2008, there were 63,187 plane boardings in Florence, an increase of 35 percent over boardings in 2007.
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The Florence Regional Airport will begin $8 million in expansions and renovations in 2009. This will create two additional airplane parking gates for a total of four and will allow for expansion up to twelve gates. Also included in this project, will be offices on the second floor for airport employees and additional restrooms in the departure lounge.
This construction will not be completed until 2010. Once completed, they will begin working on a new general aviation center for unscheduled flying, including charter planes and pilot training.
Lake City Municipal Airport is located at C.J. Evans field in Lake City and Timmonsville is home to Huggins Memorial Airport at 776 E. Smith St.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY Departments which protect the health and safety of people in the County are the Emergency Management Department, the Fire Departments, Law Enforcement Departments, and Emergency Medical Services. Hospitals, most of which are private, are also included in this section.
Emergency Preparedness Plan Community emergencies may be natural or technological (man-made). Florence County is vulnerable to most technological and natural hazards. Government officials, service personnel, and residents must be prepared to cope with and recoup from disasters at any time.
Technological hazards are man-made. Hazardous materials exposure, explosions, airplane crashes, building fires, and terrorist attacks comprise a portion of the technological disasters to which Florence residents are subject. The following text describes how different entities deal with hazardous situations according to the South Carolina Emergency Management Division (SCEMD):
Hazardous materials are substances or materials that may pose an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property, or that may be harmful to humans, animals, crops, water systems, or other elements of the environment if accidentally released. Such substances may include explosives, radioactive materials, etiologic [disease causing] agents, flammable liquids or solids, combustible liquids or solids, poisons, oxidizing or corrosive materials, and flammable gases.
Hazardous materials pose a potential risk for every person in South Carolina, although those who live or work close to chemical plants, nuclear plants or major highways have an increased susceptibility to incidents. Most incidents do not occur at fixed facilities but occur during transport.
Before 1986, no mandatory hazardous materials program existed nationally, nor were there comprehensive state and local programs in more than a few locations in the United States to deal with chemical accidents. In 1984, a cloud of extremely toxic chemical escaped from a plant in Bhopal, India, killing thousands of people. Soon after Bhopal, a similar but much less serious chemical release occurred in West Virginia. These incidents led to the 1986 passage of the Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act (SARA), Title III, Emergency Planning and Community Right-to Know Act. Certain provisions of the act were expanded under the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990.
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SARA requires reports from industries, businesses, government agencies, warehouses and publicly or privately owned facilities that use, store, or produce hazardous materials meeting the following criteria: With Material Safety Data Sheets MSDSs), or; Listed on the extremely hazardous materials list (§302 of SARA Title III”List of lists”), and; The amount is greater than or equal to 500lbs or the Threshold Planning Quantity. Annual and “snapshot” reports and plans must be submitted to the State Emergency Response Commission (SERC), Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPC) and local fire department. In South Carolina, the SERC membership includes ten representatives from industry, the State Department of Health and Environment Control, the fire service and the state at large. The current director of the South Carolina Emergency Management Division serves as the SERC Chairman. Each county in the State has an LEPC.
A primary regulating body for hazardous materials is the federal Environmental Protection Agency. The SCEMD provides assistance with planning and training for emergency responders.
The State’s Department of Health and Environmental Control responds to incidents, receives all reports and provides information to the public, industry, and commerce.
Natural hazards to which Florence County residents are susceptible include flooding, tornadoes, earthquakes, hurricanes, drought, and severe weather such as lightning, high wind, or dangerously high temperatures. The question is not if, but when, disaster will occur. All departments in the County and participating jurisdictions plan for emergency situations. County departments must not only be ready to protect or evacuate personnel and departmental property; each must be prepared for continuity of their ordinary business in extraordinary situations. While each department does prepare for disaster, three county departments are involved in mitigation or preparedness on a daily basis.
The Florence County Emergency Management Department is responsible for overall coordination of County, State, and volunteer agencies before, during, and after an emergency. This department produced the Florence County Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) in accordance with South Carolina Regulations 58-101, Local Emergency Preparedness Standards. The EOP is reviewed, and revised as necessary, then certified by the South Carolina Emergency Preparedness Division annually. The EOP includes, but is not limited to, provisions for public safety, mental and physical health, evacuation, public works, chemical neutralization, damage assessment, and coordination of relief effort for all types of emergencies, natural and technological.
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Figure 58 Florence Area Hurricane Evacuation Routes and Shelters.
The Florence County Emergency Operations Plan is included as an addendum to the Community Facilities Element of the Comprehensive Plan. In accordance with S.C. Code Sections 6-29-310 through 6- 29-1200, the Florence County Emergency Operations Plan is adopted as part of the Comprehensive Plan.
The Florence County Planning, Building, and Codes Department (Planning Department) works to prevent and mitigate the damage from disasters. Building Inspections and Codes Enforcement ensures that building repairs and construction meet the 2015 International Building Code for residential properties and the 2015 International Building Code for commercial properties. For example, structures must be able to withstand wind speeds that are applicable to the Building Code without substantial damage. Also, new construction must be appropriately elevated to avoid flood damage.
The Planning Department implements and enforces zoning and applicable environmental regulations. Of particular importance is the County’s low elevation and hurricane susceptibility, the Planning Department administers compliance with the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Community Rating System (CRS). The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) assesses a community’s degree of flood risk and development potential. The NFIP, mandated in 1968, provides federally backed flood insurance that helps replace losses experienced by flood victims.
Florence County has participated in the NFIP since 1982. According to the FEMA CRS, there are currently 400 flood insurance policies covering over $78,226,500 in property. Total premiums collected from
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Florence County are roughly $206,999 yearly with an average of $518 (FEMA CRS). A stricter flood plain development ordinance is now in effect which should reduce repetitive losses and prevent future losses.
Florence County has joined the CRS program resulting in a decreased premium for homeowners whose homes are in compliance. Discounted rates may prompt further participation.
“Under the Community Rating System (CRS) flood insurance premiums are adjusted to reflect community activities that reduce flood damage to existing buildings, manage development in areas not mapped by the NFIP, protect new buildings beyond the minimum NFIP protection level, help insurance agents obtain flood data, and helps people obtain flood insurance.” (NFIP/CRS)
The goal of the CRS is to encourage, by the use of flood insurance premium adjustments, community and state activities beyond those required by the National Flood Insurance Program to: reduce flood losses, reduce damage to insurable buildings, prevent increases in flood damage from new construction, protect public health and safety, reduce the risk of erosion damage, protect natural and beneficial floodplain functions, facilitate accurate insurance rating, and promote the awareness of flood insurance.
Some natural hazards are complicated by human intervention. Filling or draining wetlands (swamps), building levees or dams, clearing forests, and some agricultural, silviculture, and building practices can directly contribute to flooding. Depending upon natural rainfall, the same practices can contribute to drought. Educating the public about hazard mitigation and what “ordinary citizens” can do may gain cooperation in carrying out needed policies. Fire Protection A total of twelve fire departments and districts protect Florence County and its participating jurisdictions. Each fire department is given an Insurance Service Organization (ISO) Rating or Public Protection Classification which classifies the community’s fire-fighting capability. Most insurance companies use the ISO code to determine residential and commercial property policies. Better ISO ratings (a class scale of “1” to “10” with “1” being the best) translate to lower insurance rates.
The following organizations serve unincorporated areas: Howe Springs Fire Department (ISO Class 5) South Lynches Fire District (ISO Class 4) West Florence Fire Department (ISO Class 3 and Class 3y in locations of no hydrants) Hannah-Salem-Friendfield Fire Department (ISO Class 5) Sardis-Timmonsville Fire Department (ISO Class 6) Windy Hill Fire Department (ISO Class 3)
The following Florence County municipalities support their own fire protection: Florence (ISO Class 1) Johnsonville (volunteer, ISO Class 3) Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 194
Olanta (volunteer, ISO Class 4 in Olanta/ Classes 5 and 9 outside municipal limits) Timmonsville (volunteer, ISO Class 6) Lake City (ISO Class 3) Pamplico (ISO Class 5)
These municipal organizations also assist nearby stations outside the official incorporated limits. The Town of Scranton contracts with the South Lynches Fire Department for its fire service needs.
Law Enforcement Sheriff’s Office The Florence County Sheriff’s Office employs 232 full- and part-time employees and is the largest entity of the County government. The Office provides safety and security to more than 130,000 citizens distributed over 800 square miles.
The Sheriff’s Office has occupied the Law Enforcement Complex (LEC) in Effingham since 1994 and includes offices, central dispatch, and housing for pre-sentence prisoners. The County Impound is across the street from the LEC.
The Florence County Detention Center facility has a 522-bed capacity and is adjacent to a 120,000 sq ft work camp. The Detention Center houses local, state, and federal inmates. (source: Katherine McCain, Florence County Sheriff’s Dept)
The following programs are directed by the Florence County Sheriff’s Department. Camp Pee Dee Pride Annual Kids Fishing Tournament Annual Kids Golf Tournament Explorers Camp Bringing Law Enforcement and Students Together (BLAST) Camp
Police Departments of Participating Jurisdictions The Cities of Florence and Johnsonville in addition to the Towns of Timmonsville, Scranton, and Olanta maintain a police force.
The City of Florence Police Department is located in the City Center at 324 West Evans Street, Florence. Administrative and records operations are open from 8:30 am to 5:00 pm, Monday through Friday.
The following programs are directed by the Florence Police Department: Problem oriented policing targeted at specific, recurring problems, i.e. selling of drugs in the area. Directed patrol focusing on specific offenses, i.e. vandalisms, larcenies, etc.. Citizens Police Academy. Victim Assistance Program. Fixed assignment of officers to districts. Downtown foot patrol. Code enforcement to clean lots, etc.
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Neighborhood Watch Programs. Citizen survey of community needs and priorities. Community oriented policing concept throughout the entire department. Police/Youth programs, PAL (Police Athletic League), Camp Fever, Physical Fitness Camp.
The Florence Police Department has received accreditation from the internationally- recognized Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies, Inc. (CALEA).
Emergency Medical Services Florence County Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is provided to Florence County residents and visitors. Full advanced life support is provided on a 24-hour basis. Six ambulance stations are located throughout the County, arranged in medic districts. Florence County EMS also supplements local rescue squads. All Florence County EMS ambulances are staffed with at least one paramedic and Emergency Medical Technician and provide primary patient care, stabilization and hospital transport. Routine transport or convalescent transport service must be provided by a private service.
Central Dispatch receives all calls through the Enhanced 911 System. Florence County EMS has 74 full- time employees and twelve part-time personnel. In addition, a Special Operations Team also exists with personnel whom have additional medical and specialty training. FCEMS responded to more than 20,000 incidents in 2015. (www.florenceco.org/ems/)
MEDICAL FACILITIES Florence County is included in the Pee Dee Health District, one of the fifteen Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) health districts in the State of South Carolina. Two Health District facilities exist in Florence County: 145 East Cheves Street, Florence and at 137 N. Acline Street, Lake City. Many services have eligibility requirements while other services are available to all citizens.
In addition, DHEC maintains Home Health Care Services at 1705 West Evan Street which provides health care to people who are confined to their homes because of illness or injury.
In addition, the Florence County Environmental Services Department includes environmental services such as animal control, litter control, mosquito control, inmate litter removal crews, and the Adopt-A- Highway program.
Vital Records are also a component of the DHEC. It provides for the registration, correction and certification of vital events including live births and deaths.
Hospitals McLeod Regional Medical Center is located at 555 East Cheves Street and is one of the largest employers in the Pee Dee with more than 3,000 employees. In addition, this medical center is a 453-bed hospital and includes a progressive medical staff. Region wide, McLeod Health is associated with more than 650 physicians.
McLeod offers many services including the Heart and Vascular Institute, cancer center, women’s services, children’s hospital, Center for Advanced Surgery, radiology, occupational health, surgery, ophthalmology and ophthalmologic surgery, diabetes, emergency, urgent care center, home health,
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Hospice and sports medicine. McLeod is also the only teaching hospital in this region. Furthermore, nearly 50 percent of McLeod's inpatients are referred from outside Florence County to receive specialty care. Figure 59 McLeod Regional Medical Center
Carolinas Hospital System relocated from downtown Florence in 1998 to its present location on the Pamplico Highway (SC51). Carolina’s opened the doors to its new 420-bed hospital with over 300 specialized physicians.
Carolina’s Hospital has eleven operating suites including one for open heart surgery. All suites are equipped for the use of laser, endoscopic procedures including neurosurgery, vascular, orthopedic, gynecological and ophthalmological surgery. In addition there are three cystoscopy suites for urological procedures. Figure 60 Carolinas Hospital
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Carolina’s provides diagnostic services, women’s health services, cancer services, cardiac care, rehabilitation services, emergency/trauma services and community wellness facilities and programs.
Lake City Community Hospital is a 48 bed hospital located at 258 N. Ron McNair Blvd. The medical staff consists of family practitioners, emergency room physicians, general surgeon, radiologists, orthopedists, internist, and four physician assistants.
Below is a list of accreditations for McLeod Regional Medical Center, Carolinas Hospital System, and Lake City Community Hospitals: Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organization (JCAHO) American College of Surgeons Council for Pharmacy Education College of American Pathologists Intersocietal Commission for the Accreditation of Echocardiography Laboratories (ICAEL) Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities for Medical Rehabilitation Programs and Occupational Rehabilitation Programs
Electricity and Natural Gas Pee Dee Electric Cooperative, Inc., Duke Energy, and Santee Electric Cooperative, Inc. compete for business in Florence County and incentive rates are available where applicable.
SCE&G, a SCANA Company, offers service to customers in most portions of Florence County.
Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Systems Water supply and wastewater systems are important public services that sustain and allow for a growing population within a specific footprint without depleting or causing significant detriment to our existing natural resources. Florence County includes two main sources for drinking water: rivers and aquifers. A diverse source for drinking water is essential to endure periods of drought while being responsible to downstream water users. Likewise, the effective treatment of wastewater is important to limit its effects on our environment and neighboring populations.
City of Florence Water The City of Florence’s water and wastewater systems are under a consolidated enterprise fund called the Water and Sewer Fund. The City prepares an annual budget for its water and sewer systems. The City of Florence Utility Department has maintained operational control of Florence County’s rural water system since July 2002. The City of Florence Utility Department also accepted and now maintains the Town of Timmonsville’s water and sewer utilities as of November 2013. The City’s service area now consists of 401 square miles.
In October of 2002, the City began operation of its new surface water plant utilizing the Great Pee Dee River as a water source. In addition to the existing groundwater production wells and plants, the new facility added 10 million gallons per day (MGD) to capacity. The annual withdrawal permit limit for groundwater wells is 6,101 billion gallons which translates to 16.7 million gallons per day. Potable water can now be delivered at rates up to 26.7 mgd.
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In 2016, the water system demand was 13.25 MGD. Demand peaked on 2016 at million gallons. The maximum daily capacity of plants is 40 million gallons. System demands are met by approximately 60% of groundwater plants while the remaining 40% is supplied by the surface water plant.
While the City operates one surface water plant, groundwater is treated at fourteen (14) plants which are fed by thirty (30) production wells. Treated water is stored in fourteen (14) tanks (6.1 million gallon capacity) and two ground level tanks (2.5 million gallon capacity). The surface water plant is capable of storing fifteen (15) million gallons of pre-treated water. As of September 2016, water transmission and distribution for Florence consists of 2” to 36” diameter lines. The 32,267 taps in Florence serve roughly 80,000 customers. There are 3,695 hydrants connected to the system.
Table 106 City of Florence Water Storage Capacity. Capacity Name Address (gallons) Airport 297 S. Greer Rd. 300,000 Ballard St. 111 Ballard St. 500,000 Darlington St. 1006 W. Darlington St. (Plant #21) 300,000 Dexter St. 1780 Dexter St. (Plant #17) 500,000 GE 121 N. Ebenezer Rd. (Plant #23) 500,000 Lucas St. 1220 Lucas St. (Plant #24) 500,000 McCown St. 2500 Block of 3rd Loop Rd (Plant #22) 500,000 Marion St. 266 E. Marion St. 500,000 Pine Needles 3381 Pine Needles Rd. 500,000 Otis Way 1651 Otis Way Way 500,000 Redbud 199 E. Redbud Lane 500,000 Hwy 403 Tank 1011 Cale Yarborough Hwy 200,000 Honda Tank 1111 Honda Way 500,000 Main Street Tank 205 E. Main St. 300,000 TOTAL 6,100,000
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Figure 61 City of Florence Surface Water Treatment Plant
Table 107 Water Treatment Plants and Well Capacities for the City of Florence. Treatment Well Well Primary Control Name Capacity Capacity ID Aquifer (tank level) (mgd) (mgd) 16 1.1 Middendorf Pine Street 1.5 Ballard St. 43 1.5 Middendorf Dexter Street (YMCA) 1.0 17 0.8 Middendorf Dexter Dr. 18 1.5 Middendorf S.Irby Street (Gully Branch) 1.5 Dexter Dr. 39 0.65 Black Creek 19 0.65 Black Creek Edisto Drive 2.0 Dexter Dr. 33 1.3 Middendorf 21 1.3 Middendorf Darlington Darlington Street 2.5 27 1.0 Middendorf St. 22 0.8 Middendorf McCown Drive 2.5 28 1.1 Middendorf McCown St. 38 0.65 Black Creek 26 0.75 Middendorf General N. Ebenezer Road (GE) 2.5 32 1.0 Middendorf Electric 37 0.65 BlackCreek 24 1.5 Middendorf N. Lucas Street 2.0 Lucas St. 42 1.5 Middendorf Stratton Drive (Oakdale) 2.0 25 1.5 Middendorf Pine Needles
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Treatment Well Well Primary Control Name Capacity Capacity ID Aquifer (tank level) (mgd) (mgd) Rd. 30 1.5 Middendorf East Florence-Hwy 76 (Francis 3.0 31 1.5 Middendorf Airport Marion) 41 1.5 Middendorf 34 0.43 Middendorf E. Redbud Lane (South 35 0.94 Middendorf 3.0 Dexter Dr. Florence) 36 0.86 Middendorf 40 0.65 Black Creek 45 1.5 Middendorf Alligator Road 2.0 46 1.0 Black Creek Redbud 47 1.5 Middendorf System N. Old River Road 1.5 48 4.5 Middendorf Pressure Total Treatment Capacity 27.0 Middendorf Wells Subtotal 27.9 Black Creek Wells Subtotal 4.3 Total Well Capacity 32.2 16-Hour Capacity 21.4 permitted withdrawal limit 15.6
City of Florence Wastewater The City of Florence owns and operates the wastewater management facility. This site was constructed completely new and completed November 2014. This new automated facility was made to increase capacity to 22 MGD. The treated effluent from this facility is discharged into the Great Pee Dee River.
Peak design flow for the new facility is 45 MGD. The new facility also has a twenty (20) flow equalization basin to handle wet weather flows to maintain operational flexibility and compliance. Average flow for 2016 was 12 MGD and peak flow was 31 MGD during Hurricane Matthew.
The City of Florence has approximately 471 miles of pipe and 119 sanitary sewer pump stations making up the wastewater collection system. As of January 2017 there were 21,392 service connections.
The five individual systems within the total system are listed below: Jeffries Creek Trunk Sewer System Middle Swamp Trunk Sewer System High Hill Creek Trunk Sewer System Pye Branch Trunk Sewer System Patheon/Francis Marion/SC 327 Trunk Sewer System
City of Florence Stormwater The City of Florence Stormwater Operations Division is responsible for maintenance of storm drains and drainage in public areas and along City streets. Storm drains and ditches divert the stormwater into
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larger bodies of water until they finally reach the ocean. There are 110 miles of storm sewers and in the City of Florence and 105 outfalls.
All proposed developments require a drainage system that has been designed by a registered engineer to provide proper drainage of surface water and permit the unimpeded flow of natural resources. It must also provide drainage away from on-site disposal facilities.
The Stormwater Improvement Management project (SWIM), is a reclamation effort that encompasses significant wetlands adjacent to Pye Branch in the East Florence area. This reconstructed wetlands is from an area that was misused during the 1930s and 1940s.
Town of Pamplico Water and Sewer The Town of Pamplico provides its citizens and businesses with water and sewerage service and expects to expand water lines as funds become available.
Lake City Water and Sewer The City of Lake City has water and sewerage service and is currently extending water lines outside the city limits.
City of Johnsonville Water and Sewer Water service is provided by the City within and outside the corporate limits. The City created a Master Plan in 2004 that included extensions to nearly 400 customers outside of the City limits. The City currently serves more than 1,500 customers and will exceed 1,700 by the end of 2009.
To increase water capacity, Johnsonville is constructing a 200,000 gallon tank, an additional 750 gallons per minute (gpm) well and approximately four miles of water lines to improve system hydraulics. The new capacity will allow Johnsonville to supply existing industries, and to meet the demands of future growth.
The communities of Possum Fork, Kingsburg, Salem, and Postons Corner have been added to Johnsonville’s water facilities. The City is also interconnected with Hemingway’s water system and will soon extend lines into the Vox community west of the corporate limits.
The City also has plans to extend sewer service to residents within and outside of the corporate limits. The City has one of the largest treatment facilities in the Pee Dee region; it is capable of treating 4.5 million gallons of wastewater per day. The treatment facility currently has approximately 3 million gallons of excess capacity, making Johnsonville an attractive location for future residential and commercial growth.
Town of Quinby Water The City of Florence assumed ownership and operational control of the Quinby water system in 1998. The City of Florence also designed and constructed a sewer system to serve the town of Quinby. Both systems are integrated into the City’s utility system.
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Town of Scranton Water and Sewer The Town of Scranton has water service and expects to expand water lines in the near future as funds become available. The town’s sewage service is supplied by Lake City.
Town of Timmonsville Water and Sewer The City of Florence now maintains the Town of Timmonsville’s water and sewer utilities.
Town of Olanta Water and Sewer Olanta is served by water and sewerage facilities from Lake City although plans are for the municipality to provide its own sewerage service.
Solid Waste Facilities Florence County encourages recycling by providing solid waste and used oil collection centers in cooperation with the private sector.
The following convenience centers collect cans (aluminum, steel), plastic (#1, clear #2), glass (brown, green, clear), paper (newspaper and inserts, cardboard), aluminum pans and foil, yard waste, white goods (large appliances), used motor oil, bottles and filters. Hours of operation are Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday, 7am – 7pm.
Table 108 Convenience Centers Site Address Location Additional Materials Greenwood 2325 Carnell Drive Florence oil filters Airport 708 S. Stadium Drive Florence oil filters Quinby 1508 E. Old Marion Hwy Quinby Timmonsville 1840 S. Warren Street Timmonsville Pamplico 411 S. Oak Street Pamplico oil filters Coward 3315 Highway 52 Coward oil filters tires, farmers used oil (55 gal. Lake City 1228 E. Main Street Lake City max.), oil filters, electronics Landfill 2616 Papermill Road Florence Effingham 6760 Friendfield Road Effingham tires, farmers used oil (55 gal. max.), oil filters, electronics Hannah 3648 Tree Haven Road Pamplico oil filters Paul Jones 4807 Buddy’s Lane Effingham Ebenezer 359 S. Ebenezer Road Florence oil filters, oil/gas mixture, tires, electronics Olanta 4212 Chandler Road Olanta oil filters Johnsonville 230 W. Egg Farm Road Johnsonville oil filters, tires, electronics Cussaac 5169 Sardis Hwy Timmonsville Source: www.scdhec.net/environment/lwm/recycle/florence.htm
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Table 109 Additional Used Motor Oil Collection Sites Site Address City City of Florence Fire Station* W. Palmetto Street Florence City of Florence Fire Station* Edisto Street Florence Advance Auto Parts 931 Irby Street Florence Advance Auto Parts 1802 W. Evans Street Florence Auto Zone 830 S. Irby Street Florence Advance Auto Parts 245 N. Ron McNair Blvd Lake City Auto Zone 215 S. Ron McNair Blvd Lake City * also accept used oil filters Source: www.scdhec.net/environment/lwm/recycle/florence.htm Curbside refuse pick-up could reduce cost to Florence County residents whom take trash to convenience centers. Pick-up service would also reduce cost involved with maintaining and running these transfer sites and convenience centers. This economic solution to the disposal of household garbage and recyclables could also diminish burning sources and increase recycling volumes which is also federally mandated.
Public education about the importance of recycling is essential to reduce the waste of energy and natural resources. Several state agencies offer educational programs for children and adults. Local organizations and schools could also be a source of information.
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GOALS AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES GOAL 1 Maintain a library system that provides convenient access to available information for all of Florence County.
Implementation Strategy: Update the facilities, resources, and technological capabilities to accommodate growth for all municipalities while making the most efficient and effective use of funds, both public and private.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 2 Maintain a school system that will allow for the growing student population while maximizing the efficient use of resources and reducing operational costs.
Implementation Strategy: Communication between the Florence County School Districts and Government to ensure adequate facilities to accommodate future growth.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 3 Take advantage of existing public facilities for public activities.
Implementation Strategy: Inventory public facilities including schools and meeting places for expanded public use. Summertime and evening hour public activities may be scheduled in facilities only used during the day. Many public facilities include large indoor, oftentimes climate controlled environments that may be more fully utilized. Volunteers may need to be mobilized to supervise any activities beyond normal working hours.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 4 Continue to develop a county-wide greenway plan incorporating streams, easements, parks, publicly owned property, and abandoned railway right of way.
Implementation Strategy: Explore funding sources for expansion and enhancement of these properties by creating public awareness.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 5 Ensure the safety of all residents and provide the shortest possible response time for any emergency situation.
Implementation Strategy: Maintain the latest technology and provide adequate trained staff to meet the public needs.
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Time Frame: Continuous GOAL 6 Accommodate growth by expanding and enhancing the current transportation system.
Implementation Strategy: Conduct a long range transit study, continue to identify eligible projects in FLATS, establish criteria for sidewalks, and encourage non-auto mode uses by expanding trails and providing bike paths.
Time Frame: Short Term, Continuous
GOAL 7 Institute a Capital Improvement Plan with emphasis on parks, open space, playgrounds and libraries.
Implementation Strategy: Maintain an inventory of all existing capital facilities, capacities, demand forecasts, and level of service demands. Identify existing areas that lack adequate facilities and services.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 8 Continue to review population projections to determine the potential restructuring needs for water and wastewater facilities.
Implementation strategy: Coordinate with municipalities to determine the necessity of expansion and potential areas. Inventory existing septic system usage and reduce reliance by 50% by expanding sewage service.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 9 Protect drinking water supplies from pollution.
Implementation Strategy: Adopt and implement stormwater management programs to educate and involve the public. Adopt a Wellfield Protection Plan. Adopt a tree ordinance to aid in storm water control.
Time Frame: continuous
GOAL 10 Pursue solid waste disposal options while maintaining that public health and the environment are priority.
Implementation Strategy: Promote recycling by educating the public beginning with the youth.
Time Frame: Continuous
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LAND USE ELEMENT CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRENDS AFFECTING LAND USE Established in 1888, Florence County was originally consolidated from parts of Marion, Darlington, Williamsburg, and Clarendon counties and centered on a growing railroad business. Growth continues today with agriculture, silviculture and manufacturing activities as the population also continues to increase, much attributed to migration. The County’s two largest cities, the City of Florence and Lake City, are growing while the smaller towns and cities (Coward, Johnsonville, Olanta, Pamplico, Timmonsville, Scranton, and Quinby) have little or no growth. Florence County continues to be highlighted in the region as the healthcare and manufacturing hub of the greater Pee Dee region.
The regional economy has continuously changed as a reflection of the decreased significance of labor intensive cash crops such as tobacco, corn and cotton. Decline of tobacco as a staple crop and increased agricultural mechanization decreases labor needed to complete a crop rotation. Together with extensive farmland leases, the smaller towns tend to maintain or decline in population. However, preservation of these agricultural areas will ensure future viability of traditional crops as well as preserving capacity to grow future crops.
The smaller municipalities are unique and generally characterized by a light commercial downtown associated with a historic residential area; in the outskirts and beyond the boundary, light commercial and a school and/or large manufacturing complex may exist. Furthermore, the daytime population of these cities is usually lower as many residents of these areas commute to larger cities like Florence and Lake City for work and shopping.
Accessibility Florence County’s Land and Subdivision Development Regulations require specific road access for all development. No building shall be erected, constructed, moved, or relocated on a lot not located adjacent to a publicly dedicated, publicly accepted or maintained street, private street as part of an approved Planned Development, or easement which meets all standards of land subdivision. Street categories are further explained and analyzed in the Transportation Element of the Comprehensive Plan.
A traffic impact study may be required for any large development, such as a shopping center, a planned development, an industrial complex or a significant residential project that may commit a significant increase in local traffic. The Florence County Code requires a traffic study when a specified threshold within the development is met or if it is determined by Florence County that the Level of Service (LOS) of the existing or proposed road network is unacceptable or over capacity. Two examples of development proposals that would require a traffic study include 500 or more lots in a residential subdivision, and/or 350,000 square feet or more of retail space.
The LOS is based on the current traffic on the road (volume) and the capacity of the road. An acceptable rating is dependent on the function class of the road as described by the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT). The description of each level of service is available in the Transportation Element of the Comprehensive Plan
Soil Types Soil types play a crucial role in determining the development feasibility of a particular site. Some soil types may drastically limit the capability of septic tanks, thus indicating the need for community sewer Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 207
lines prior to development. Other soil types may delineate historically flooded areas or presence of wetlands. Soil types that have severe limitations for buildings and dwellings can be designated for uses appropriate to the particular conditions, such as parks, wildlife habitat, agricultural production, forestry, or quarrying. Oftentimes, federal, state, or county governments impose restrictions on the development of wetlands, critical wildlife habitat areas, and coastal dunes due to the intrinsic value of protecting natural resources like water, species diversity or coastal areas.
Throughout Florence County, a variety of uses exist for a wide range of soils. Soil types considered optimal for agricultural use may also be considered good for residential, commercial, and industrial uses. Soils have hydrological classifications which help to determine if a property is suitable for development or agricultural and silviculture uses. The information for the types of soil for Florence County was provided by the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS 1994). According to the Florence County Land Development Regulations, the Planning Commission reserves the right to require the developer to provide a report and certification of soil suitability from a qualified soils engineer.
Each soil type has an urban hydrology attribute. The hydric soil group refers to the infiltration potential of the soil after prolonged wetting. This information is also provided by NRCS. Appendix A () contains a list of the soil map abbreviated symbols, the soil type classification, and the urban hydrology group classification that each has attributed to it. The six urban hydrology group classifications and their interpretations are explained below:
Group ‘A’ Soils (65,102 acres) – High infiltration (low runoff). Sand, loamy sand, or sandy loam. Infiltration rate > 0.3 inch/hr when wet. Group ‘B’ Soils (114,312 acres) – Moderate infiltration (moderate runoff). Silt loam or loam. Infiltration rate 0.15 to 0.3 inch/hr when wet. Group ‘C’ Soils (125,173 acres) – Low infiltration (moderate to high runoff). Sandy clay loam. Infiltration rate 0.05 to 0.15 inch/hr when wet. Group ‘D’ Soils (153,480 acres) – Very low infiltration (high runoff). Clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, or clay. Infiltration rate 0 – 0.05 inch/hr when wet. Group ‘A/D’ Soils (7,056 acres) – This dual classification specifies that the soil is a Group ‘D’ soil if it is not drained. However, if a ditch or a canal is dug to drain the soil properly, when the soil has dried, it will be a Group ‘A’ soil. Group ‘B/D’ Soils (41,178 acres) – This dual classification specifies that the soil is a Group ‘D’ soil if it is not drained. However, if a ditch or a canal is dug to drain the soil properly, when the soil has dried, it will be a Group ‘B’ soil.
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The following map shows the location of each hydrological group classification for the soil in Florence County. Figure 62 Florence County Hydric Soil
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service
Proximity to Public Services Water and Sewer Water and sewer availability is required before a building permit will be issued for a residence or business. Confirmation of tap fee payments or other DHEC approved methods should be provided to comply with the Land Development and Subdivision Ordinance as stated in the Florence County Code.
For areas where public water and sewer are unavailable, drinking water wells and septic systems must be utilized. Applications for wells and septic systems are submitted to the DHEC. DHEC must approve, in writing, all individual well and septic systems prior to a building permit being issued.
Fire Protection Construction (new or renovations) for both residential and commercial must be reviewed for compliance with the International Fire Code (IFC). Automatic sprinkler systems and a fire alarm system are required according to state code in nonresidential buildings and multi-family residential dwellings
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meeting certain requirements. The Plans Examiner must approve the plans before a building permit may be issued by the local Building Inspections Department. A final inspection is required before occupying the structure.
For proposed commercial developments, the IFC requires a fire hydrant be within 500’ of the furthest point of the building.
A total of twelve fire departments and districts protect Florence County and its participating jurisdictions. Each fire department is given an Insurance Service Organization (ISO) Rating or Public Protection Classification which classifies the community’s fire-fighting capability. Most insurance companies use the ISO code to determine residential and commercial property policies. Better ISO ratings (a class scale of “1” to “10” with “1” being the best) translate to lower insurance rates.
Stormwater Management Impacts to water quality and quantity should be managed at a variety of scales. Stormwater management is evolving from engineered solutions applied at the site level, such as basins, curbs and gutters, to a new approach that looks at managing stormwater through natural processes. Local codes and ordinances should be investigated prior to any design work or construction. Any disturbance of the natural landscape, including digging a pond, grading a front yard, redirecting a natural stream or adding fill to a property, can affect local drainage and have broader implications to area water quality and quantity.
In order to address stormwater management utilizing a sustainable infrastructure, the following factors must be considered 1) where to direct development in the community; 2) how to protect and preserve natural infrastructure (rivers, streams, artesian wells, wetlands), and 3) how to develop individual sites. The preservation and restoration of natural landscape features (such as forests, floodplains and wetlands) are critical components of natural infrastructure. By choosing to preserve ecologically sensitive areas, communities can improve water quality while providing wildlife habitat and opportunities for outdoor recreation. These results improve the quality of life for residents and visitors.
At the intermediate neighborhood scale, low-impact infrastructure planning includes street and road design, parking capacity and urban tree goals. At the site scale, low-impact infrastructure practices include rain gardens, porous pavements, green roofs, infiltration planters, trees and tree boxes, and rainwater harvesting for non-potable uses such as toilet flushing and landscape irrigation. These processes represent a new approach to storm water management that is sustainable and environmentally friendly, in addition to being cost effective. Local demonstrations exist where the number of dwellings in a development was increased pursuant to addressing improved stormwater quality.
Stormwater runoff originates as precipitation and is routed to wetlands, streams and lakes by flowing across various surfaces. These surfaces include roads, parking lots, driveways, and roofs, and saturated yards, agricultural fields and reservoirs. Untreated stormwater runoff from construction or industrial activities can have a significant impact on downstream water quality. As stormwater flows over these sites, it picks up pollutants like sediment, debris, and chemicals. Polluted stormwater runoff decreases water quality, harming people, fish and other wildlife. Sedimentation can destroy aquatic habitat and
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high volumes of runoff can reduce stream and lake capacity, cause stream bank alterations and dam failures while producing low dissolved oxygen levels in natural waters.
The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) is responsible for managing and overseeing the state’s stormwater program. The program requires all construction sites of one acre or more, many industrial sites, and all regulated Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s) to obtain stormwater permits.
In accordance with The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), every proposed development greater than one acre for both residential and commercial must have a drainage system which shall be designed by a registered engineer and constructed by the developer to provide for the proper drainage of surface water of the development and the drainage area of which it is a part, to permit the unimpeded flow of natural watercourses, and to provide positive drainage away from on-site sewage disposal facilities. The developer's responsibility shall include those drainage facilities to discharge such developer's storm runoff to an existing facility outside the secondary area capable of receiving said runoff with no adverse effects.
The Florence County Code requires all plans, both commercial and residential over one acre, to include a detailed stormwater plan to the Florence County Planning and Building Department for review. A grading plan is also required to show proposed contour changes in the area where cutting or filling is to be done to the landscape. All proposals are required to minimize flood damage and the impact that runoff has on adjacent water bodies. Detention and/or retention ponds may be used to manage the increased and accumulated runoff, which the developed parcel or subdivision generates. For proposed projects under one acre, a less detailed plan is required. Upon approval by Florence County Engineering, DHEC will make the final review and decision as to issuance of a storm water permit. A building permit will not be issued without approval from DHEC.
To offset significant costs of managing stormwater on a new development, low impact development techniques and those practices that preserve a majority of the canopy mitigate the need for many stormwater structures. These two approaches are presented in the section titled “Sustainable Development.”
Non-Sustainable Growth Large expanses of parking lots, highways, subdivisions, strip malls, and office complexes can characterize a non-sustainable growth pattern. The environmental impacts of non-sustainable growth range from the polluted runoff from paved surfaces, air quality problems caused by increased driving, and the loss of agriculture, ecologically sensitive lands, and historic sites.
Growth over the past fifty years may be recognized as one of the following types: Low-density - The consumptive use of land for urban purposes along the margins of existing metropolitan areas supported by piecemeal extensions of basic urban infrastructures such as water, sewer, power, and roads. Ribbon - Development that follows major transportation corridors outward from urban cores. Lands adjacent to corridors are developed, but those without direct access remain in rural uses/covers. Over time these nearby “raw” lands may be converted to urban uses as land values increase and infrastructure is extended perpendicularly from the major roads and lines.
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Spot development - A discontinuous pattern of urbanization usually a sign of historically developed communities resulting in patches of developed lands that are widely separated from each other and from the boundaries of recognized urbanized areas. This form of development is the most costly with respect to providing urban services such as water and sewer.
Air Quality Florence County, together with the Pee Dee region, is near the maximum national ozone compliance standard. The current National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) is 0.076 parts per billion (ppb) for ozone (O3). In 2008, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized a new ozone standard to lower the (NAAQS) for ground-level ozone to a level of 0.075 parts per million (ppm). Florence County is currently in attainment of these national air quality standards.
In a September 22, 2008 memo to the Florence County Administrator and Council Members, the Council Chairman stated that “… Florence County needs to lead the way in the abatement of ozone issues.”
For areas that are designated nonattainment, within three years of the designation the Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) will be required to revise their State Implementation Plan (SIP) with the necessary control measures to ensure that the standard is attained and maintained. Nonattainment status translates to extra costs for new and existing industries locating to Florence County.
Sustainable Development Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. The National Association of Counties (NACo) has adopted the following ten principles of sustainable development: • Interdependence • Collaboration • Stewardship • Diversity • Prevention • Equity • Effectiveness • Education • Flexibility • Responsibility For a complete description of the National Association of Counties (NACo) adopted sustainable development principles, please see Appendix C, page 356 . For sustainable development to occur, it must consider economics of the individuals and entities that invest in land development. Regulations governing this development should have a credible and objective approach.
Sustainable development ties together concern for the carrying capacity of natural systems with the social challenges facing humanity. For example, Florence County reservoir and wetland systems function as natural filters for storm water runoff. Preservation of the function of these important habitats will preserve developments from floods and keep area water clean. The field of sustainable development considers environmental, economic and sociopolitical sustainabilities.
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Sustainability can be influenced in many different ways. For example, the developer who builds a house using enhanced building design is positively affecting environmental sustainability. Perhaps that same developer builds a subdivision for mixed incomes and includes affordable housing units. This development in turn promotes economic and social sustainabilities while providing a diverse community setting.
Compact Development Another method of sustainability is to allow cluster development so a developer can realize the same return on investment with a smaller footprint on the land. Cluster development allows higher density on a smaller cluster of land, leaving other portions as open space. Cluster development promotes economic sustainability for the developer while simultaneously promoting environmental integrity.
Compact development manages density and intensity of development through design to conserve land, reduce impacts on traffic and storm water for a given amount of development, and make maximum use of existing infrastructure. It also places varied but complementary land uses in proximity to each other. Compact development promotes a mix and arrangement of land uses that are conducive to pedestrian activity and alternative modes of transportation. With well-designed compact development, more everyday destinations such as shops, churches and schools are within convenient walking distance.
Transit Oriented Design A great way to promote compact development across the county is through Transit Orient Developments (TODs). TOD is oftentimes a moderate or high-density conglomerate of residential and commercial communities generally located within a walkable radius of a rail or bus station. These neighborhoods are designed to maximize pedestrian and transit access. In addition, it provides residents with increased mobility options, a variety of retail and commercial outlets within a short distance of their homes while producing a compact style of development that preserves open space.
In Florence County, there are many potential locations for TOD’s including each of the established municipalities. The Pee Dee Regional Transportation Authority’s (PDRTA’s) bus transfer location in downtown Florence (Dargan and Evans Streets) is a good example. From that point, a resident can travel as far as Third Loop Road utilizing public transit. Furthermore, the PDRTA’s fixed bus routes utilize a flag- stop system. Transit buses can be flagged down at any point along the route. Combined with locating near public services, this system enhances the potential of siting TODs anywhere along the fixed routes.
In other municipalities and communities throughout the County, clustering commercial, residential and civic buildings together facilitate the use of alternative transportation such as electric vehicles, bicycles or walking. Conceptually, county-wide transit connections then could link these communities together.
It is important to maximize residential developments adjacent to public transit. An effective transit system depends upon wise land use decisions. The major benefits of coordinating land use and transportation planning include: -maximizes transit ridership and auto occupancy; -decreases transit operating costs, -improves access for transit vehicles, -increases financial support for public transportation through public-private sector partnerships,
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-reduces demand on roadway capacity and necessary maintenance, -improves access, more transportation options, and greater mobility for all residents, -reduces parking needs, -develops a pedestrian oriented environment, -minimizes congestion, -reduces traffic related mortalities and injuries (the accident rate for automobile and taxi travel is higher than that of bus travel), -reduces air, noise, and water pollution, and -preserves open space and farmland. Capital Improvement Plan The adoption of a broader, infrastructure-oriented Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) would be another method to establish current and future public needs as well as adequate levels of service for County services like libraries, law enforcement coverage and fire protection. A Capital Improvement Plan promotes efficiency in providing social and economic service. These are some examples of how sustainability can be incorporated into planning Florence County’s future.
The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) is aware of the need for sustainable development. In 2005, NAHB published the Model Green Home Building Guidelines, a visionary document that has gained industry and market acceptance across the country. It opens with a remark that states “Although we cannot avoid affecting the environment when we build a house, green building can work toward minimizing that environmental impact.” The NAHB has six Model Green Building Guidelines that reflect the industry’s commitment to sustainability. The six guidelines are listed below. For a full description of the guidelines, see Appendix D, page 358.
Low Impact Development Low Impact Development (LID) is a comprehensive technology-based approach to managing urban storm water. It combines a hydrologically functional site design and pollution prevention measures to compensate for land development impacts on hydrology and water quality. A few examples of how Low Impact Development can help are: Assist in meeting new storm water requirements (MS4 Phase II) - DHEC regulation Reduce construction and maintenance costs of the storm water infrastructure Balance growth needs with water quality protection Creates “green landscapes” that add amenity value to new development
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) addresses “Smart Growth.” According to a 1999 EPA evaluation of the environmental benefits of infill (urban development) versus greenfield (farmland or natural area) development, siting a new development in an existing neighborhood, instead of open space at the suburban fringe, can reduce miles driven by as much as 58 percent. Communities that make it easy for people to choose to walk, bicycle, or take public transit can also reduce air pollution by reducing automobile mileage and smog-forming emissions.
Many studies by EPA show the environmental benefits of smart growth. Development guided by smart growth principles can minimize air and water pollution, encourage brownfield clean-up and reuse, and preserve natural lands.
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Another alternative as a means of promoting flexible design and development that preserves the natural and scenic qualities of open space is Cluster Development and Conservation Subdivisions. The Florence County zoning ordinance allows cluster development. A cluster plat modifies the existing dimensional requirements set forth in the zoning law and proposes lots that are smaller and closer together to obtain the otherwise allowable density, such as the number of housing units, while conserving areas of open space within the subdivision. Clustering of residential units may encourage interaction in the community by designing the units closer to the street, providing for public gathering places, and encouraging use of parks and community facilities as focal points in the neighborhood.
Building with Enhanced Techniques In response to impacts to human and economic health highlighted by recent air quality standard tightening by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Florence County is exploring unique, optional programs to improve regional air quality. One potential preference could be to utilize the rating system for LEED or EarthCraft to scale reductions in building permit fees to developers of subdivisions and commercial sites that voluntarily utilize ‘green’ standards including those whom choose to avoid burning debris (subcontractors must not burn either).
The South Carolina State legislature adopted the Energy Independence and Sustainable Construction Act of 2007. The legislation highlights guidelines for Green Building utilizing LEED and Green Globe standards (SC ST SEC 48-52-800): The purpose of this section is to promote effective energy and environmental standards for construction, rehabilitation, and maintenance of buildings in this State, improving the state’s capacity to design, build, and operate high-performance buildings and creating new jobs and contributing to economic growth and increasing the state’s energy independence.
One goal for the Land Use Element is for Florence County to establish permitting procedures to include fast tracking and to lower costs of building permits for LEED or EarthCraft construction.
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) is a non-profit organization committed to expanding sustainable building practices. USGBC is composed of more than 15,000 organizations from across the building industry that are working to advance structures that are environmentally responsible, profitable, and healthy places to live and work. Members includes building owners and end-users, real estate developers, facility managers, architects, designers, engineers, general contractors, subcontractors, product and building system manufacturers, government agencies, and nonprofits.
LEED is The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Green Building Rating System. LEED was developed by the USGBC. LEED is a third-party certification program and the nationally accepted benchmark for the design, construction and operation of high performance green buildings. LEED promotes a whole-building approach to sustainability by recognizing performance in five key areas of human and environmental health: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection and indoor environmental quality. [LEED and the U.S. Green Building Council website http://www.usgbc.org.]
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Southface and Greater Atlanta Home Builders Association: EarthCraft EarthCraft House, created in 1999, is a residential green building program of the Atlanta Home Builders Association in partnership with Southface. This program serves as a blueprint for energy and resource efficient homes. The aim of the program is to help home builders be leaders in smart growth management and environmental stewardship. EarthCraft House follows a systems approach to home building that stresses an understanding of how the different components of a home work together. This approach results in a home that performs better, is more economical for the homeowner and costs little more to build than a comparable home built with standard construction practices.
EarthCraft guidelines are flexible to allow for a variety of approaches to environmental construction. EarthCraft House guidelines address energy efficiency, durability, indoor air quality, resource efficiency, waste management, and water conservation. EarthCraft House certification guidelines can be found at http://www.earthcrafthouse.com/documents/ech_tech-guidelines-complete.pdf.
Tree Preservation Incorporating the use of existing and new tree plantings on new and existing developments increases multiple values. Tree preservation and additional plantings increase shade for parking lots and buildings, while increasing air quality and alleviating stormwater runoff. Appropriate tree care increases the appeal of commercial and residential properties. Listed below are additional benefits trees provide to a community: increases property values, alleviates flooding possibilities, enhances wildlife habitats for animals and other plants, improves air quality by removing dust and other pollutants such as ozone, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide from the air, reduces glare and reflection.
The Food and Agriculture Organization’s Trees Outside Forests concept recognizes the importance of “trees found on non-forest and non-wood lands" such as those among agricultural lands, urban and settlements areas, along the roads, home gardens, hedgerows, scattered trees in the landscape, pasture/rangelands and composed of different types of resources (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000). The program further notes that trees have biological characteristics that fulfill environmental, social, cultural and economic roles in all land uses (rural and urban).
Broader Zoning As an extension of the vision of future land use, zoning is the regulatory guidance that determines the intensity of any given use. Zoning is a government regulation developed to protect lower impact uses and the people who engage in those uses (for instance housing), from higher impact uses, such as industry and commerce. Zoning has four main purposes: To locate similar and compatible uses near each other and to separate conflicting land uses, such as industrial and residential; To control the height, bulk, and size of buildings, and setbacks from property lines; To apply regulations that are consistent throughout an entire zoning district; and To provide a fair way to resolve disputes over property rights and the enforcement of the district regulations.
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A central goal of zoning is to shape land use and density patterns in a community to create a sustainable environment. Thus, zoning regulations must have a close, consistent connection to the goals and objectives expressed in the Future Land Use Element of the Comprehensive Plan. Together, they aim to maintain or improve land-use patterns and enable orderly, sustainable growth. The following list includes benefits of zoning: To encourage a mix of shops, office, and residences that foster pedestrian or other modes of travel; To guide and manage new development; To protect natural resources, such as water supplies; To avoid incompatible land uses that cause conflicts between neighbors; To maintain an attractive community so that new development fits in with existing buildings; and To encourage economic development in areas with easy access to public services and transportation.
The benefits of and purposes for zoning together with the projected increase in population clearly outline reasons why expanded zoning should be considered in the future. The goal should be a proper balance to all interests after stakeholders have input in the planning and development of a plan and land use or zoning designations.
LAND USES Florence County, a landscape once dedicated to tobacco and a growing railroad in the mid- to late- 1800’s, is now represented by a diverse amalgam of uses. Agriculture continues to dominate the County by sheer land area, but, healthcare, manufacturing, new residential subdivisions, commercial ventures and industrial complexes now dot urban and suburban locales across the County’s 800 square miles.
This plan utilizes three general categories to identify the landscape: Urban – Concentrated, high-density residential, multi-family, light industrial, office institutional, and/or commercial land uses. Suburban – Medium to high density residential land uses with areas of concentrated commercial, office institutional, and light industrial land uses. Rural – Areas with low-density residential uses and appropriate commercial uses which include forestry and agriculture.
The US Census Bureau classifies “urban” as territory, population, and housing units located in places of 2,500 or more persons incorporated as cities, towns or villages. “Rural” is classified as the area outside the larger and moderate-sized cities, towns or villages and surrounding population concentrations. Rural is generally characterized by farms, ranches, small towns, and unpopulated regions. Although not specifically defined by the Census bureau, “suburban” is recognized as the territory in metropolitan areas that is outside central cities.
The original future land use map and land use compliance descriptions were produced by Dan Vismor in 1997. The original future land use category classifications that complied with residential uses are listed below (See Appendix F, page 360, for the original land use descriptions): Existing Residential Developing Residential Rural Community Nodes
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Rural Resource/Agricultural Areas Transitional Areas
Single- and Multi- Family Residential Housing density in Florence County varies from urban to rural landscapes and often takes on characteristics unique to each municipality. The County’s growing population will need diverse residential opportunities to meet individuals’ expectations of a good quality of life while being affordable.
Population trends indicate that Florence County has experienced substantial population growth over the past three decades. As shown in the current Population Element, in 1980, Florence County’s population increased 22.9% from 1970. The population grew 3.79% and 9.98% over the next two decades consecutively. Florence County’s population is projected to increase 19% by the year 2030. (SC Statistical Abstract, 2005)
Market demand, population growth, economic development, community infrastructure, and the abundance of developable land are the major factors affecting Florence County future land use needs. Limits to major growth in a community typically involve the availability of community facilities and services such as roads, water and sewer, schools, emergency services and social and cultural institutions such as libraries. 700The availability of these facilities and services is one factor in determining land that is suitable for urban development. 600 Figure 63 Florence County Residential Building Permits
700 500
600 400 500 Single Family 300 Multi-Family 400 Single Family 200 300 Multi-Family
200 100
100 0 20020 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
The total number of single-family and multi-family residential building permits issued for Florence County from 2002 through 2008 was 4,000. The observed patterns shown in the chart above indicates that single-family residential homes comprised the vast majority of building permits issued. Each year at least 80% of the total permits issued were for single-family residential. In comparison, the number of multi-family housing unit permits issued is relatively low.
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Figure 64 Residential (yellow) and Variable Residential (orange) Designations
The future land use classifications that shall include residential uses are listed below. For a description of the future land use categories, see page 240. Residential Preservation (RP), permitted zoning: R-1, R-2, R-3, and PD; Variable Residential (VR), permitted zoning: R-3, R-4, R-5, and PD; Rural Preservation (RUP), permitted zoning: RU-1, RU-2 and PD; Transitional Growth and Preservation (TGP), permitted zoning: B-1, B-2, RU-1 and PD; Suburban Development (SD), permitted zoning: R-2, R-3, R-4, B-1, B-2, RU-1, and PD. Appendix F, page 375, includes the description of each zoning district.
Farmland Agriculture and silviculture (forestry) uses continue to dominate the County landscape but this land use is no longer a priority for new development. In essence, the height of Florence County’s agriculture use by area has passed and is leading to further diversification of uses.
The types of soil generally suitable for agricultural and forestry uses in Florence County amount to approximately 314,067.25 acres, or 490.73 square miles, which is approximately 61% of the total land area in Florence County. The classification for this type soil by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is “prime farmland” and “farmland of statewide importance”. Detailed information on soils for prime farmland can be found in Appendix H, page 365 and Appendix I, page 366 for farmland of statewide importance.
The following map shows the location and extent of prime farmland and farmland of statewide importance in Florence County. Notice the distribution of farmland of statewide importance is generally associated with riverine systems. Oftentimes, rivers change course over long periods of time leaving
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traces of deep organic rich soils. These same farmlands of statewide importance dot the entire County and may be related to current and historic wetlands. Figure 65 Florence County Farmland
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), 1978
Land that does not meet the criteria for prime farmland may be considered farmland with statewide importance. The criteria for defining farmland of statewide importance are determined by the appropriate state and local agencies in cooperation with the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). Farmland of statewide importance includes land areas where the soils do not meet the requirements for prime farmland, but are still highly productive. Farmland of statewide importance may include tracts of land that have been designated for agriculture by State law. This type of farmland can produce a high yield of crops with proper management.
In addition to crop production, prime farmland is easily converted to other developments. Oftentimes, prime farmland is converted to development purposes when it is located in close proximity to urban areas. Between 1992 and 1997, 86,200 acres (23.8%) of prime farmland in South Carolina was converted to developed land.
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Figure 66 Rural Preservation Future Land Use
The future extent of farmland may be threatened by a limitless growth strategy. Responsible, even growth of urban and suburban areas will ensure adequate farm acreage to provide future agricultural and silvicultural products for a growing local and national population.
Biofuels have recently gained traction as a new cash crop and may become a sustaining force to maintain agricultural products as one of the County’s exports. Wood chips and corn have been two dominant products and switchgrass has begun to attract calls for contract growing for European power companies. New locations are being sought to increase acreage for sources of energy.
Agriculture While agriculture is visible throughout Florence County, some areas may be better suited than others. Prime farmland, as defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, has soils that have ideal combinations of physical and chemical characteristics for producing food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops. If treated and managed according to acceptable farming methods, prime farmland can produce large amounts of crops.
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According to the National Agriculture Statistic Service for 2002 Florence County had a total acreage of 171,388 of farm land. This figure is approximately 34% of Florence County’s total land area and includes 612 individual farms, at an average size of 280 acres. Based on this information taken from the SC Statistical Abstract, between 1997 and 2002 the number of farms in Florence County decreased, but the size of the remaining farms increased. Of the 612 farms, 464 were less than 219 acres.
Silviculture Florence County contains 294,099 acres of forestland, which is approximately 57% of total land coverage. Florence County woodlands can be divided into two types of vegetative communities: upland and lowland forests. Upland forests relate with dry areas away from water and wetlands, whereas the lowland forest areas are located within a flood plain such as the Great Pee Dee and Lynches Rivers.
The concept of sustainability is embedded in the U.S. Forest Service mission to “sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation’s forests and grasslands to meet the needs of present and future generations.” For more than 100 years, the Forest Service has been committed to caring for the land and serving people in a manner that encourages a shared stewardship responsibility among their partners and visitors and sustains a full suite of public benefits – ecosystem services that are essential to our quality of life.
Forests provide the economic, social and ecological benefits that we depend on. Oftentimes, the long period between timber harvests invite the potential of more lucrative land use options. However, many options exist to landowners to help them maintain woodlands as forest. Appendix J, page 367, lists some conservation tools and strategies that range in a spectrum from strong to weak protection.
The future land use classification that shall include farmland uses is Rural Preservation (RUP) which would include RU-1, RU-2, and PD zoning. For a description of the future land use categories, see page 240. Appendix G, page363, includes the description of each zoning district.
New commercial building in Florence County can sometimes be displaced from existing development. Some new commercial developments are located along major roadways away from municipal boundaries (and municipal services such as sewer). These developments may be near incompatible uses and lead to a ribbon-like growth on major throughways connecting the County municipalities. These businesses can impede efficient traffic flow with increased entrances and exits on major roads.
Vacant structures in these areas are ideal for redevelopment, especially with a mixed-use plan. The location is often adjacent to transit resources, water, sewer and emergency services. The convenience of location would attract shoppers and those seeking residence near venues including libraries, theaters and restaurants. Therefore, new businesses are encouraged to consider vacant commercial building to prevent ribbon-like growth especially where these vacant buildings are served by transit resources, water, sewer and other services.
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Figure 67 Extent of Commercial Future Land Use
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The future land use classifications that shall include commercial uses are listed below. For a description of the future land use categories, see page 240. Transitional Growth and Preservation (TGP), permitted zoning: B-1, B-2, RU-1, and PD; Commercial Growth and Preservation (CGP), permitted zoning: B-3, B-4,and PD; Suburban Development (SD), permitted zoning: R-2, R-3, R-4, B-1, B-2, RU-1, and PD; Urban Development (UD), permitted zoning: B-4 and PD; Flood Hazard District (FHD), permitted zoning: all zoning upon special review. Appendix G, page 363, includes the description of each zoning district.
INDUSTRIAL AREAS Florence County is dedicated to being a world-class location for business and industry. The climate and location between New York and Miami with close proximity to two ports attracts a wide variety of businesses. Both new and expanding businesses have invested more than $1.1 billion since 1997, creating over 6,000 new jobs.
Service industries are the biggest employers in Florence County with two hospital systems employing a total of 5,775 people in 2006. In addition, a diversity of manufacturers exist in the County.
Two major interstates passing through the County provide ideal locations for industrial parks. Well designed and located parks attract industrial clients and associated service businesses while making insignificant increases in traffic congestion and infrastructure development. Due to the intense nature of these areas, future land use planning is important in order to preserve the quality of life of nearby residents. Figure 68 Location of Industrial Future Land Use
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Adequate buffering requirements protect residential neighborhoods and retail sites located near industrial uses. Concentrating development, including industrial uses, helps conserve prime farmland, open space, timberland, and natural areas. Also, amassing industrial development allows a greater return from investments in infrastructure. Water, sewer, power, and gas lines run shorter distances thereby requiring less initial capital and lower maintenance costs. Furthermore, industrial parks should be situated along major highways designed to bear greater loads and limit interaction with residential traffic.
The future land use classification that shall include industrial use is Industrial Growth and Preservation (IGP), with permitted zoning is B-5, B-6, and PD. For a description of the future land use categories, see page 240. Appendix G, page 363, includes the description of each zoning district.
TRANSPORTATION Overall, Florence County contains 2,251 miles of roadway. The following transportation objectives address current trends in traffic congestion and the status of County roadways: increase the extent of a multi-modal transportation network; offer a wider range of transportation options; support transportation oriented design into new developments; improve access among residential communities and businesses to relieve traffic on major roadways; provide an efficient, productive road maintenance and construction program; and, enhance maintenance standards and techniques.
Pursuant to additional language added to the Comprehensive Plan Enabling Act of 1994, transportation will be the focus of a dedicated element. More information about transportation baseline data, analysis and goals may be found in the Transportation Element.
Transportation facilities shall be included in any future land use classification. For a description of the future land use categories, see page 240.
PUBLIC FACILITIES Florence County contains a wide range of public facilities. The newest facilities are part of the County library system and two venues for the performing arts. In the planning stage is a new location for the Florence County Museum. Other improvements have been directed to the National Bean Market Museum in Lake City and the City of Florence’s Rail Trail System.
Public facilities found in Florence County are highlighted in the Community Facilities element of the County Comprehensive Plan. This section will note some general aspects of the importance of public facilities in planning for future growth; however, refer to the dedicated element for more information.
Florence County contains 55 park facilities totaling more than 1,400 acres of park land. Active and passive recreational opportunities are important for maintaining and increasing the quality of life for residents and visitors. County, municipal and private parks play a regular role in organized sports, family
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gatherings, social functions, and impromptu visits by local residents. Development of residential communities, especially more intense residential will benefit from close proximity to parklands.
In addition to publicly-owned green space, six golf courses are located in the County. Further, Florence County is home of five museums, four civic, art and theatre venues, and six libraries. Florence County contains many public and private schools as well as Francis Marion University and Florence Darlington Technical College.
Due to land costs and State requirements for campus sizes, rural areas are often sought as new public school sites. For most of these areas, water and sewer lines must be installed at a great cost; and the school quickly is surrounded by new development. However, schools should be built closer to populated areas where infrastructure already exists as well as multiple options for transportation. Schools built in sparsely populated rural areas lead to students being transported from their communities. Making new schools the center to existing communities would allow the community to grow as a walkable, bike- friendly neighborhood, increasing safety and mitigating air quality issues. Figure 69 Public Facility Future Land Use
Public Facilities shall be included in any future land use classification. For a description of the future land use categories, see page 240.
CONSERVATION AREAS The Uniform Conservation Easement Act defines a conservation easement as a non-possessory interest of a holder in real property imposing limitations or affirmative obligations. The purpose of easements include retaining or protecting natural, scenic, or open-space values of real property, assuring its availability for agricultural, forest, recreational, or open-space use, protecting natural resources,
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maintaining or enhancing air or water quality, or preserving the historical, architectural archaeological, or cultural aspects of real property.
The local profit and non-profit organizations that protect agriculture in Florence County are: The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Services Farm and Ranch Lands Protection Program (FRPP) Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) Pee Dee Land Trust Black Creek Land Trust
Additionally, the City of Florence has established environmental protection overlay districts.
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Figure 70 Areas Protected as Parks or with Conservation Easements
Source: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2009
Water Water resources have many uses. Clean water provides a drinking water supply plus fishing and recreational opportunities. Locations that hold water also serve as stormwater protection, natural filters to the aquifer and destinations for runoff and treated effluent from roads, lawns, industry, and municipal services. Rivers, streams, lakes, ponds and wetlands also offer habitat to native and indigenous plants and animals.
Due to the wide variety of potential uses for this limited resource, planning to maintain and improve the quality of Florence County waters is important. Flood zones, stormwater, wetlands and surface water regulations, water pollution, riparian buffers and wellfield protection all focus on protecting the County’s water resources. The land area over which water flows to reach the river, lake, or reservoir from which our drinking water is drawn is called the watershed. Any pollution or contamination to the watershed area will ultimately affect the quality of water supplies.
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Figure 71 Florence County Surface Water
Source: U.S. Geological Survey; NHD, FEMA, FIRM (Flood Insurance Rate Map), 2005-2007
Florence County has over 47,000 acres covered by water, over 9% of the total County land coverage (USGS, National Hydrography Dataset 2007). These water sources include rivers, creeks, ponds, and streams. The map above shows the major water bodies in Florence County. For a detailed explanation of these terms’ definitions, see Appendix K, page 368.
Flood Zones Florence County has about 22% of total land area composed of the 100-year flood plain. This calculates to approximately 112,529 acres. Floodplains perform the following important natural functions: Temporary storage of floodwaters Moderation of peak flows Maintenance of water quality Groundwater recharge Erosion prevention Wildlife habitat Recreational opportunities
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Flood hazard areas are locations that are generally in and around water streams and bodies that are prone to rising waters. The flood hazard areas of Florence County are classified either by the 100-year Flood Zone area or the 500-year Flood Zone area. The 100-year Flood Zone is defined as an area having a 1% chance of being inundated with floodwaters in any given year. For this important reason, this area is designated as a Future Land Use category. Although this category may include any zoning, a special review must be completed to include a study of compatibility with adjacent zonings.
The 100-year Flood Zone area for Florence County represents information from the Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) of December 16, 2004. Other terms used for this area are “base-flood” or “1% chance flood.” The 500-year Flood Zone is defined as an area of moderate flood hazard (SCDNR, Regulations for Floodplain Management).
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Figure 72 Florence County 100-Year Floodplain and Wetlands
Source: FEMA, FIRM (Floor Insurance Rate Map), 2004
Flood Hazard Districts include (1) flood plains, (2) areas of shallow flooding, (3) areas of special flood hazard, and (4) floodways. Before a building permit is issued, the applicant shall demonstrate on the plan that new structures are located outside of the floodplain and that encroachments onto the floodplain are minimized. Where there is no alternative to a location in a Flood Hazard District, proposed development is regulated by specific development standards. These standards are available in the Florence County Code and stem from Federal and State legislation.
The floodway of a body of water is the area that carries the most significant amount of floodwater during a flood. Therefore, these areas are likely to have the deepest and fastest water. Floodways must be kept open and free of obstructions to allow floodwaters to move downstream and not be diverted onto other properties. Placing fill or buildings in a floodway may block the flow of water and increase flood heights. Although the FEMA National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) does allow development in these areas as long as it does not obstruct water flow, limiting development in the floodways will ensure adequate storm water quality and quantity treatment.
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Figure 73 Flood Hazard District Future Land Use
Prior to construction approval, base flood elevation data must be provided. Oftentimes, the flood insurance rate maps provide an identified floodway or contain water surface elevation data. No construction shall be approved which is subject to inundation by a 100-year flood except as otherwise permitted by the Florence County Land Development Regulations and/or the Florence County Zoning Ordinance.
Wetlands There are several definitions of a wetland.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services’ definition of a wetland is “lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water”.
For purposes of this classification, wetlands must have one or more of the following three attributes: At least periodically, the land supports predominantly hydrophytes (plants that survive in water); Substrate is predominantly undrained hydric (wet) soil; and
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Substrate is nonsoil (water) and is saturated with water or covered by shallow water at some time during the growing season of the year. According to the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers (Corps), wetlands play critical environmental roles including providing habitat for rare, threatened and endangered species; serving as rest stops for migratory birds; helping to prevent floods; controlling erosion; and filtering water. Wetlands can range in size and scope from small marshes to an area as large as the Everglades.
Florence County is approximately 44%, approximately 225,057 acres, wetlands as stated in the current Natural Resources Element (Tiner et.al, 2002). Properly functioning wetlands are essential components to a healthy landscape. The last inventory of wetlands for Florence County was completed in 1993 by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). Since that time, there has been little funding to update the wetlands coverage; although, there is an ongoing effort by the FWS to bring the wetland information into the 21st century.
The FWS is currently in the process of inventorying wetlands in South Carolina, but progress is slow and thus has been focused on areas with high development. One goal of the Natural Resources Element is to have a current wetlands inventory done for the entire County showing remaining isolated wetlands, and wetlands utilized for mitigating after wetland development. In addition, this will also be a goal in the Land Use Element.
Water Quality In 2008, the S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control designated Black Creek, which runs through Florence, Darlington, Chesterfield and Lee Counties, as impaired and established total maximum daily (pollutant) load (TMDL) standards. The Clean Water Act established the principle of the total maximum daily load as a means of reducing water pollution in impaired waters. A TMDL is a calculation of the maximum amount of a pollutant that a body of water can receive and still meet water quality standards.
Groundwater Groundwater is a critical water resource throughout Florence County. Most residents depend on groundwater for their drinking water and the health of many aquatic systems (wetlands, ponds, lakes, streams and rivers) also depend on its steady discharge. Because development creates impervious surfaces that prevent natural recharge, a continued decrease in groundwater recharge rates can be expected in urbanizing watersheds.
Urban land uses and activities can also degrade groundwater quality, especially if stormwater runoff is directed into the soil without adequate treatment. Stormwater treatment increases the residence time with the soil prior to making its way to major waterways. The treatment systems may take many forms including retention ponds, natural and constructed wetlands, catchment basins and other passive and active methods that slow accumulating stormwater and promote filtering capacity.
Stormwater Certain land uses and activities are known to produce higher loads of metals and toxic chemicals and are designated as stormwater hotspots. Soluble pollutants, such as chloride, nitrate, copper, dissolved solids and some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can migrate into groundwater and potentially
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contaminate wells. Stormwater runoff should never be infiltrated into the soil if a site is a designated polluted hotspot. Stormwater runoff is a powerful force that can influence the geometry of streams.
Flow events that exceed the capacity of the stream channel spill out into the adjacent floodplain. These are termed “overbank” floods, and can damage property and downstream drainage structures. While some overbank flooding is inevitable and even desirable, the historical goal of drainage design should be to maintain pre-development peak discharge rates for both the two and ten-year frequency storm after development, thus keeping the level of overbank flooding the same over time. This design prevents costly damage or maintenance for culverts, drainage structures, and swales.
Riparian Buffers The Florence County Code states that existing riparian buffers must be maintained and where not pre- existing, riparian buffers are to be provided during development or redevelopment to protect water bodies.
The Florence County code states that, “a riparian buffer is an area of trees, shrubs, and other vegetation that borders an existing watercourse, wetland, or other water body (including open stormwater conveyances), for the purpose of reducing contamination from surface water runoff”.
Wellfield Protection The Federal Safe Drinking Water Act established the Wellhead Protection Program, which requires each state to develop a program to protect wellhead areas for community water supplies.
Grants are available for municipalities and community water systems to assist in developing wellhead protection plans, which protect public drinking water supplies that come from groundwater. Wellhead Protection Plans designate land area surrounding a well or wellfield supplying a public water system through which contaminants are reasonably likely to reach the water supply. Wellhead Protection Zones should identity three specific zones: Zone I is an area of a 100- to 400-foot radius around the wellhead. Any new wells in Zone I must be owned or controlled by the water utility to prohibit activities that could contaminate the well. Zone II contains land area that contributes percolating water to a well under pumping conditions. This area depends on local groundwater conditions and pumping rate of the well. A circle of ½ mile radius around the well is typical. Zone III includes significant surface water or groundwater to a well and is often located upslope from the well.
After mapping the wellhead protections zones, the team should identify existing and potential sources of contamination from residential uses, such as: Septic systems, the use of yard chemicals, and abandoned wells; Commercial uses, especially gas stations, dry cleaners, junkyards, car repair, and car washes; Transportation uses which may result in oil and gasoline runoff, spills and road salts; Industrial uses, especially chemical manufacturing, storage tanks, pipelines, and mining; Agricultural uses, such as feedlots, manure storage and application, and improper storage or application of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers; Institutional or public uses, especially landfills, sewage treatment plants and golf courses; and
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Hazardous waste sites.
There are several effective techniques that a community may use to protect wellhead areas. A wellhead protection overlay zone could restrict the type of land uses allowed within the wellhead protection areas. Restrictions may include the prohibition of certain uses or a conditional use process to ensure that new development will be properly sited to avoid polluting groundwater. Wellhead protection signs may be posted on highways at the perimeter of wellhead protection areas to alert private landowners and the public about the location and importance of the wellhead protection area and the need to notify authorities in the event of contaminant spills.
DEVELOPMENT PROCEDURES Florence County has adopted the “Land Development and Subdivision Regulations.” The purpose of this document is to encourage the promotion, protection, and improvement of the overall public health, safety, economy, good order, appearance, convenience, and general welfare by providing for the orderly development of land within the territorial jurisdiction of Florence County. In furtherance of the general intent, the regulation of land subdivision is authorized for the following purposes, among others: To encourage the economically sound, and the stable development of Florence County. To assure the timely provisions of required streets, utilities, and other facilities and services to new land developments. To assure the adequate provision of safe traffic access and circulation, both vehicular and pedestrian, in and through new land developments. To assure the provision of public open spaces and building sites in new land developments through the dedication or reservation of land for recreational (including the development of a trail system), educational, and other public purposes. To provide for the wise and timely development of new areas, generally consistent with the Comprehensive Plan for Florence county. To promote best management practices with respect to storm water management and the protection of surface water bodies. The benefits of this ordinance include but are not limited to sustaining and improving consistent property values, enhancing development predictability and reducing the number and extent of conflict among land uses. As researched and stated in the Population Element of the Comprehensive Plan, over the next 25 years, the population of Florence County is expected to increase by an additional 21,800 people. This ordinance ensures that all new developments contribute to the building of economically sound and desirable living areas within the community with all- necessary services and facilities.
In order to permit any development in Florence County, several crucial community processes must be addressed. Some municipalities including Florence, Lake City and Coward have their own procedures that may be in addition to those required by Florence County. Contact your municipality for their specific requirements. A general summary of the County procedures is outlined in this section.
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Figure 74 Procedure to change the Land Use Plan
START Desire to Change Land
Use Plan
(this document) 30-day public notice Review the amendment criteria as Comprehensive Plan post signage described in the Administrative Application Procedures section of the letters to adjacent Comprehensive Plan.
landowners
Planning Commission Public Hearing,
Recommendation 30-day public notice
County Council
Public Hearing, Decision
Land Use Plan Updated
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Figure 75 Permitting Process for a Typical Development
START DESIRE TO
E-911 BUILD
Comprehensive Building Code Plan County Zoning Permitting Flood Compliance Application International Fire Code County Code Compliance Permit Application Stormwater Successful
CONSTRUCTION Review by Municipality
(as needed) Building Fire Code Inspection Inspection
Certificate of Occupancy
ZONING COMPLIANCE Any construction for Florence County and its participating municipalities (Johnsonville, Olanta, Pamplico,
Scranton, Timmonsville and Quinby) must obtain zoning compliance prior to obtaining a building permit. This compliance is regulated by The Florence County Code of Ordinances. This ordinance regulates the location and use of buildings, structures, and land, the height of buildings and other structures, the size of yards, the density and distribution of population; creating districts for said purposes and establishing the boundaries thereof; and establishing development standards such as setbacks, buffering, impervious surface, parking, etc. Meeting requirements in this ordinance, the County Code Compliance review is complete.
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According to Florence County Code, a zoning compliance certificate is required in advance of the following: The issuance of most building permits; Excavation preparatory to the construction of a structure for which a building permit is required; All proposed construction and other developments including the placement of manufactured or mobile home on property; Grading, filling, surfacing, or enlarging parking areas containing more than six parking spaces for a new or changed use; Changing the use of any part of a structure or zoning lot, including any increase in the number of families or dwelling units occupying a building or lot; The installation on any zoning lot of a manufacturing or other industrial process whose operation may generate effects of the types and magnitudes limited by performance standards as set forth in Section 30-100; Installation of any sign for which a permit is required; The establishment of a temporary use; Electric or gas utility companies and/or cooperatives extending service or utilities to a given site.
E-911 Review Prior to issuance of a building permit, the E-911 Addressing Department must be contacted to insure the address for the proposed site is a valid address. Should the address not be valid, the correct address will be assigned to the proposed site prior to the issuance of a Zoning Compliance certificate. This step is important for directing emergency services to each of the thousands of dwellings in the County.
Flood Review Flood verification is checked during the Zoning Compliance procedure. If determined that the parcel is in a flood zone, additional information may be required before a building permit can be issued.
Comprehensive Plan Review As required by State Law, all jurisdictions with zoning districts, must have a Comprehensive Plan which guides zoning for future development. The proposed use must be in compliance with the Future Land Use designation for the parcel that will be developed. If not, the applicant can pursue an application to request a change to the Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map to Florence County Planning Staff. The request will be presented to the Florence County Planning Commission and Florence County Council for approval or denial. This process is detailed in the Administrative Procedures of the Comprehensive Plan.
Stormwater Review A Stormwater/Land disturbance permit is required to perform any land disturbing activities within the unincorporated portions of Florence County. The only exemptions are for single family homes that are not part of a subdivision, timbering activities and agricultural activities. Two permit types exist and are distinguished by the amount of land being disturbed. One permit type pertains to projects with less than one acre of disturbed land while another type is for projects that disturb over one acre of land.
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Applications disturbing less than one acre require a one page form and a one page site plan. For permits over an acre, applicants are required to submit information with greater detail. These requirements are stated in the Florence County MS4 Stormwater Management and Sediment and Erosion Control Plan Review Checklist for Design Professionals as required by South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control.
BUILDING CODE REVIEW The South Carolina General Assembly mandates enforcement of building codes and standards pursuant to the International Building Code. The Florence County Building and Planning Department is charged with the responsibility of enforcing these codes and standards. The codes are prescriptive codes in that they provide generic approach to construction types, materials and methods that should be used.
Being charged with the responsibility of enforcing such generic codes can be cumbersome in the construction environment where demands and materials are ever changing. In an effort to omit construction deficiencies in the field and to minimize code violations, the Building and Planning Department requires the review of plans and related construction documents prior to the issuance of building permits.
Residential plans are reviewed and contact is made with the applicant within 2 business days of receiving the plans. In general, most plans can be corrected by the applicant.
Commercial plans are reviewed and responses are sent back to the applicant and/or design professional as applicable. State law requires that any building over 5,000 square feet or an assembly, institutional, hazardous occupancies must be designed by properly licensed professionals.
Once permits are issued, the construction work may begin. The permit holder is responsible for requesting inspections from this department at specific intervals of construction. After all required inspections are complete, including fire department and zoning inspections, a certificate of occupancy must be issued prior to the use or occupancy of any structure.
FIRE CODE REVIEW The Fire Department inspection includes a Fire Marshal reviewing fire and life safety issues at a structure according to the International Fire Code. Inspections assess adequacy of exits from the building, presence and status of fire alarms and/or suppression systems (sprinkler system, extinguisher) if applicable, potential electrical hazards, and proper storage of flammables and chemicals. Should the inspection be denied, a follow-up inspection will be scheduled to confirm that all issues are corrected prior to issuing a Certificate of Occupancy.
FUTURE LAND USE Importance of Future Land Use The strategy of the future land use emphasizes sustainable development throughout the County. The baseline information needed to fulfill this strategy is to identify and recommend locations where future growth is encouraged without impacting the social, economic and ecologic context of the community and environment. Balancing economic and social development with the natural resource conservation and renewal for future use is the basis of sustainable development and this Future Land Use element.
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The purpose of the future land use section is to identify opportunities and limitations of future growth, and to better understand how future land development can occur in a productive, efficient and sustainable manner. While current land use regulations (zoning) affects where specific development occurs, the importance of establishing the vision of future land uses is paramount.
The spatial distribution of future land uses is an attempt to predict the locations of future growth. Where should new homes be built to take advantage of existing public services? To what extent will agriculture acreage be converted to residential? What is the value in protecting Florence County’s natural resources such as agriculture capacity? Will downtown areas redevelop to include mixed use building for business and homes?
Making our town centers attractive to businesses and people is important to the quality of life. It is important to keep our community gateways and centers attractive. Oftentimes, a community has only one chance to make a first impression on visitors; and special attention to entrance corridors will have a direct impact.
Future Land Use Designations and Objectives Residential Preservation (RP) – Protect and sustain existing low density single-family residential areas, including property values and amenities, and provide for the growth of suburban or developing rural areas consisting of single-family homes and their accessory uses. (Zoning Districts Permitted: R-1, R-2, R-3, R-3A, PD)
Variable Residential (VR) – Protect and sustain existing higher density single-family, multi- family, or mixed-use residential areas, including property values and amenities, and provide areas for growth of various housing types and their accessory uses in urban and suburban settings. (Zoning Districts Permitted: R-3, R-3A, R-4, R-5, R-5A, PD)
Rural Preservation (RUP) – Protect and sustain existing rural uses, including single-family homes and corresponding accessory uses, as well as agrarian uses, typically in an undeveloped and/or agricultural setting. (Zoning Districts Permitted: RU-1, RU-2, PD)
Transitional Growth and Preservation (TGP) – Protect and sustain existing commercial areas, including property values and amenities, and provide areas along important corridors or at key community points that are expected to have increasing economic significance. (Zoning Districts Permitted: B-1, B-2, RU-1, PD)
Commercial Growth and Preservation (CGP) – Protect and sustain existing commercial areas, including property values and amenities, and provide areas along important corridors or at key community points that are expected to have increasing economic significance. (Zoning Districts Permitted: B-3, B-4, PD)
Industrial Growth and Preservation (IGP) – Protect and sustain existing industrial areas, including property values and amenities, and provide areas along important corridors or in emerging industrial locations that are targeted for major economic development. (Zoning Districts Permitted: B-5, B-6, PD)
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Suburban Development (SD) – Provide areas in suburban settings that are expected to have increasing community significance with opportunities for residential, commercial, and institutional uses that enhance the area as a whole. (Zoning Districts Permitted: R-2, R-3, R-3A, R-4, B- 1, B-2, RU-1, PD)
Urban Development (UD) – Provide areas in urban settings that are expected to have increasing community significance with opportunities for mixed residential, commercial, and institutional uses that enhance the area as a whole. (Zoning Districts Permitted: B-4, PD)
Public Facilities (PF) – Provide areas that local, state, or federal government maintained areas for public interest uses including, but not limited to water and sewer facilities, offices, recreation facilities, law enforcement, emergency response facilities and schools. (Zoning District Permitted: All Districts)
Flood Hazard District (FHD) – This is the 100-year Flood Zone area as established by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) and is pursuant to compliance with the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and to maintain a Community Rating System (CRS). This district will be updated following any updates to the FEMA FIRM maps. (Zoning Districts Permitted: All zoning types pending special review pursuant to Florence County Code of Ordinances: Chapter 30, Article II, Division 4)
Future Land Use Maps The following maps depict the locations and extent of the Future Land Use categories. In addition to maps, some municipalities have plans to revitalize downtowns. This information is also presented in this section.
Please notice that three municipalities (Coward, Florence, Lake City) are outside of the County’s consolidated planning effort. Although the planning process to complete the Florence County Future Land Use Plan has included coordination with these municipalities, their jurisdictions are beyond the scope of this Plan. The goal of this Future Land Use Plan is to match up to the anticipated uses near the boundaries of these non-participating municipalities.
As a whole, the Florence County Future Land Use map displays predominant trends in agriculture and flood hazard categories doted by municipal and industrial uses. Non-participating municipalities are shown without designations.
The following maps will represent the extent of future land use designations with the first map an overview of Florence County. To depict greater detail, municipalities are numbered and referenced with the following table:
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Figure 76 County Future Land Use
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Figure 77 Future Land Use in the Coward Area
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Figure 78 Future Land Use in the City of Florence – Map 1
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Figure 79 Future Land Use in the City of Florence – Map 2
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Figure 80 Future Land Use in the City of Florence – Map 3
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Figure 81 Future Land Use in the City of Florence – Map 4
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Figure 82 Future Land Use in the City of Florence – Map 5
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Figure 83 Future Land Use in the Johnsonville Area
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Figure 84 Future Land Use in the Lake City Area
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Figure 85 Future Land Use in the Olanta Area
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Figure 86 Future Land Use in the Pamplico Area
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Figure 87 Future Land Use in the Quinby Area
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Figure 88 Future Land Use in the Scranton Area
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Figure 89 Future Land Use in the Timmonsville Area
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DOWNTOWN MASTER PLANS City of Florence The City of Florence’s Downtown Revitalization plan presents a diversity of mixed uses. The revitalization strategy is important to insure and expand the social, economic and cultural habits of the City. The growth in Florence is inevitable and promotes much needed planning for the area. The goal of the design guidelines for downtown Florence is to build a framework within which builders, developers, homeowners and government can play their part in revitalizing the area, secure in the knowledge that their individual contributions reinforces the whole. Some of the completed projects as a part of this revitalization strategy are the Florence Little Theatre, The Francis Marion University Arts Center, Coit Village, and the Florence County Museum.
The Downtown Master Plan involves the acquisition of abandoned and distressed properties, design guidelines, establishment of Overlay Zoning Districts, various analyses and historic evaluations.
City of Johnsonville A 2007 ‘City Plan’ has been established for the City of Johnsonville. Their vision for the city is to reconnect this historic community to the River from which it began and from which it has always drawn its vitality. The ‘City Plan’ includes the following three principles: Revitalize Downtown: Reestablish community identity, presence and pride by revitalizing the historic downtown core with civic, institutional and commercial activity Rediscover the River: Regenerate the historic recreational and commercial potential of the Lynches River landing by improving its quality, expanding its use and preserving the river corridor for future generations Create Civic Identity: Establish Johnsonville’s identity, provide interconnection among parts of the city and direct attention and growth to critical areas.
Town of Olanta The Town of Olanta has recently received a Streetscape Grant. They are on the third phase which began on Main Street. Some of these funds are being used for new sidewalks. A new County library is under construction and is projected to be completed by December, 2009. Future plans include remodeling the school gym into a community center to serve people of all ages but especially seniors and children. The Town is currently working on water wells that are anticipated to be installed in 2009. All lift stations for their sewer system are also being replaced.
Town of Pamplico The Town of Pamplico has begun their Downtown Streetscape Project. This project consists of several components: Streetscape Improvements including sidewalk brick pavers, new street lighting, removal of overhead utility cables, landscaping improvements (planting of palmetto trees and shrubs in median) on Main Street (Fourth Avenue) from S.C. 51 (Walnut Street) to N. Trade Street. Facade Improvements for downtown businesses including painting, signage, and awnings.
The Pamplico Downtown Streetscape Project was funded by a $443,029 Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) from the SC Department of Commerce, and local matching funds were provided by the Town and businesses owners. Other streetscape improvements include landscaping at Pamplico Town Hall and a street clock.
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City of Lake City The City of Lake City’s Master Plan provides for the development of the historic downtown district as an economic hub through the activities of the National Bean Market Museum and the Wellness Center. While the priority is the creation of sustainable commerce through tourism, the underlying goal includes creating a sense of place and enhancing the quality of life for the local citizens. The National Bean Market Museum is comprised of three components – the museum housed in the historic bean market building, an artisans center, and an agricultural interpretive center. The Wellness Center will provide onsite physician and therapeutic care with integrated exercise and nutritional programs. Additional projects include the development of the Dr. Ronald E. McNair Space Center, the relocation and development of the historic African American boarding school Cooper Academy, and creation of an arboretum environment within the city limits through the work of a noted arborist.
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Goals and Implementation Strategies GOAL 1 Continue to provide a safe, healthy, livable and beautiful community that retains its unique identity and heritage.
Implementation Strategy: Continue to seek better alternatives and new ideas that improve the quality of life for Florence County residents. Regular public outreach and dialogue among professional organizations.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 2 Enhance the quality, visual character and accessibility of all development in Florence County while minimizing negative impacts to residents, businesses, natural resources and public infrastructure.
Implementation Strategy: Seek public feedback to direct future and long-range plans. Incorporate feedback into professional knowledge in addition to Federal, State and local regulations for a unique, sustainable direction for Florence County growth.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 3 Achieve and sustain a balanced community where urban areas thrive, rural areas are strengthened, and natural landscapes flourish.
Implementation Strategy: Continue to observe Florence County trends of development and review the latest theories to maximize the use of existing public services. Seek ways to preserve the remaining natural areas in the County and the rural character of agricultural and forested areas.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 4 Encourage plans to grow within existing boundaries of Florence County municipalities so they can provide police, water and sewer services and to determine what their cost would be to expand.
Implementation Strategy: Redirect development efforts to existing structures and in location where the need for additional public service improvements is limited. Focus should be given to renovating existing structures and locations along transit routes. A study should be conducted to prioritize the highest potential for redevelopment. Furthermore, incentives for redeveloping areas should be investigated. Mixed use would be encouraged.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 5 Ensure adequate parks are available.
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Implementation Strategy: Maintain adequate population number and geographic distribution statistics to ensure adequate park land equaling or exceeding 3 acres per 1,000 residents. Investigate a standard baseline proximity of parks to adjacent residents.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 6 Minimize scattered development by focusing growth where infrastructure and services are readily available or planned for the future.
Implementation Strategy: Upon subdivision review, note potential to connect to future or existing adjacent subdivisions and businesses. New developments should build upon those already established near municipal centers. Developments that jump from the municipal boundaries should be discouraged due to the strain on taxpayers’ services.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 7 Develop overlay districts based on form-based zoning to regulate principal community entrances such as signs, exterior materials, roof shape and architectural standards.
Implementation Strategy: Study form-based zoning and its potential use as a strategy. Look at the feasibility of establishing entrance corridor overlay zones that may prescribe such standards including landscape requirements, building setbacks and signage requirements.
Time Frame: Medium Term
GOAL 8 Develop tree protection and landscape policies.
Implementation Strategy: Develop guidelines to reduce clear-cutting parcels, encourage preservation of specific trees, and improve large parking areas.
Time Frame: Short Term
GOAL 9 Continue to compile land-use plans consistent with the community’s ability to service existing and new development.
Implementation Strategy: Compile research, visit examples, survey Federal, State and local successful examples.
Time Frame: Continuous
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GOAL 10 Assist each town and city within Florence County with their land use plan. Educate them on thinking about the good and the bad on each future decision made in regards to land use.
Implementation Strategy: Regularly meet with municipal Councils, administrations and staff to keep abreast of potential new developments.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 11 Establish a wellhead protection plan.
Implementation Strategy: Collect source water protection plans from the State Department of Health and Environmental Control or by other available means. Ground-truth the wellhead locations. Based on this information, characterize future land uses of intense or potentially polluting nature that should be restricted from areas of rapid percolation of surface water to aquifer.
Time Frame: Mid-Term
GOAL 12 Fully comply with the FEMA and NFIP development standards and ensure public awareness of the rules and area affected.
Implementation Strategy: The Flood Hazard District addresses limited development in flood prone areas. Likewise, protection of water resources for drinking water supply, stormwater capacity, plant and animal habitat protection and aquifer recharge.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 13 Study the potential impact of intense farming practices on existing Florence County land uses.
Implementation Strategy: Study the migration of confined feeder operations including swine and poultry. Study the best locations for these operations. Develop a zoning district to accommodate such intense practices. In general, the locations may be in areas where stormwater has limited access to surface waters, wetlands or wellheads. In addition, disclaimers may be placed on the plats of adjacent uses.
Time Frame: Mid-Term
GOAL 14 Meet or exceed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency air quality standards for particulate matter
(PM2.5) and ozone (O3).
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Implementation Strategy: Work with stakeholders, including industrial businesses and local governments, on voluntary measures. Pursue air quality measures supported by the County Council. Attempt to leverage County initiatives with Federal, State and local programs.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 15 Maximize residential insurance savings with the highest ranking in the Community Rating System.
Implementation Strategy: The Community Rating System (CRS) outlines and rates the extent a community complies with minimum standards for floodplain management. Florence County will review and pursue some or all of the 18 public information and floodplain management activities as described in the CRS Coordinator’s Manual.
Time Frame: Short Term
GOAL 16 Establish permitting procedures to include lower cost of building permits for sustainable construction (i.e. LEED or EarthCraft).
Implementation Strategy: Review LEED and EarthCraft building requirements; review processes utilized to incorporate into ordinances from other South Carolina examples.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 17 Update the RU-1 zoning district to better represent the character of rural, agriculture areas.
Implementation Strategy: Increase the minimum lot size to one acre. Study other regulatory pathways to maintain the rural character of agriculture and silviculture practices.
Time Frame: Short Term
GOAL 18 Update current Flood Ordinance to reflect LU classification.
Implementation Strategy: Review the Community Rating System and attempt to maximize the number of credit points.
Time Frame: Short Term
GOAL 19 Establish corridor overlay districts on major roads to municipalities.
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Implementation Strategy: Review and establish corridor overlays that focus on improving appearances including landscaping, buildings, setbacks, zoning, signage and multi-modal transportation. The first corridor for study should be Highway 76 between the airport and downtown Florence.
Time Frame: Short Term
GOAL 20 Protect, preserve and restore natural lands including wetlands, native uplands and areas of protected rare and endangered species in Florence County.
Implementation Strategy: Inventory areas of interest with the Department of Natural Resources and local conservation groups. Investigate preservation opportunities of significant wildlife habitat. Special attention should be given to waterways and remaining undisturbed upland areas.
Time Frame: Long Term
GOAL 21 Establish awareness and importance of and preserve significant agriculture land in Florence County as noted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Implementation Strategy: Incorporate reviewing soil types prior to issuance of building permits. Investigate potential benefits for farmland including the continuation of farmland use taxation incentives/rewards for agricultural easements, a convenient way to zone for agriculture including aspects of the right-to-farm law, protection from nuisance complaints, establishing best management practices.
Time Frame: Long Term
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TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT For a list of all abbreviations used in this document, please refer to Appendix 8-A.
Purpose of Plan The Florence County Comprehensive Plan is composed of several different elements with the goal of capturing the existing conditions of infrastructure, population and economics in the county while outlining a vision for growth and improvement in the future. In an attempt to improve this process, the Transportation Element was added. This element draws upon the information developed in the other sections of this plan as well as other planning work that has been performed by jurisdictions in the region. The Transportation Element also provides a unique opportunity to consider the needs and priorities of the municipalities and how they relate to priorities in the unincorporated areas of the county. The Transportation Element serves as a tool to direct improvements to develop a multi-modal (including pedestrian, bicycle, transit, freight, etc.) transportation environment. This element assesses transportation issues such as congestion, safety, maintenance, security and usability and studies regional and specific improvements for each one.
Public Outreach The Florence County Comprehensive Plan development process has included numerous opportunities for public involvement and feedback. Public outreach sessions have been conducted throughout the county to encourage participation from all citizens. The Florence County Planning Commission conducted a series of workshops. The purpose of the initial Planning Commission workshop in December 2009 was to discuss the basic outline and approach for the Transportation Element. This meeting allowed the Planning Commission to evaluate the proposed methodology and vet the process for moving forward. A second Planning Commission workshop on May 21, 2010 allowed final review of the document. Public outreach sessions for the Transportation Element were conducted in April and May 2010. Workshops for this process were held in Lake City (April 29, 2010 at the Lake City Senior Center), the City of Johnsonville (May 4, 2010 at the Johnsonville City Council Meeting), and the City of Florence (May 6, 2010 at the Drs. Bruce and Lee Foundation Library Meeting Room). A series of maps and graphics displayed the existing condition and performance of the transportation network. Additionally, a set of regional and spot improvement recommendations were introduced and discussed with the public. Members of the public were encouraged to comment on these recommendations and provided significant feedback about the plan. The maps displayed at the public meetings were also displayed at all six Florence County library locations and in the lobby of the Florence County Planning building allowing the public to comment at their convenience. These comments have been incorporated into the Transportation Element.
Transportation and Land Use Connection Coordination of land use and transportation planning efforts is essential. Transportation plays an important role in local and regional economic growth. Good planning of transport is essential to allow adequate traffic flow while protecting the county’s natural resources (rivers, streams, wetlands, natural habitats, etc).
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Transportation and Housing Transportation costs affect the location of new housing developments and can impact current homeowners’ abilities to maintain a cost of living. A national trend of home ownership has been strained by a recent economic downturn often made worse by rising transportation costs. This correlation should be closely monitored in Florence County when making transportation policy decisions. For example, the average working American family spends nearly 60 percent of its budget on housing and transportation costs, making these two areas the largest expenses for families. In March of 2009, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) realized this as a developing issue and formed a new partnership to help families gain better access to affordable housing, more transportation options and lower transportation costs. The purpose of this partnership is to seek new ways to cut these costs by focusing efforts on creating affordable, sustainable communities. transportation expenses can be reduced when the infrastructure accommodates multiple modes of transportation including bicycling, walking and public transit. The cost of transportation, while often not factored into the housing affordability equation, has become increasingly central to family budgets and is considered by local housing authorities for new projects. The Urban Markets Initiative (UMI) was launched in 2003 as a special project of the Brookings Metropolitan Policy Program. UMI developed a tool, the Housing + Transportation Affordability Index, to quantify the impact of transportation costs on the affordability of housing choices. This tool takes into account the cost of housing and its location efficiency by measuring the associated transportation costs.
Environmental and Cultural Features The Cultural Resources Element and the Natural Resources Element of the Florence County Comprehensive Plan identify the natural and manmade features in Florence County that should be considered when planning for transportation needs. Additionally, the 2035 Florence Area Transportation Study (FLATS) Long Range Transportation Plan (LRTP) studies the interaction between existing and proposed transportation facilities and the social and environmental features of the metropolitan area. The 2035 FLATS LRTP is discussed in more detail in a subsequent section of this document. While this element of the Florence County Comprehensive Plan will focus primarily on transportation, the overall intent is to develop a document that looks at services and facilities holistically. Therefore, the recommendations included here build on the previous elements. Special focus is given to key characteristics of the county, such as wetland features, attractions and historic landmarks.
Future Growth Areas Florence County includes two urban areas that are experiencing significant growth (cities of Florence and Lake City) and other municipalities with relatively stable populations Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 264
(Timmonsville, Quinby, Olanta, Coward, Scranton, Pamplico, and Johnsonville). This element will focus on areas that need expanded facilities to accommodate future growth and recommend enhancements to the existing network that address safety or performance issues. The Land Use Element of the Florence County Comprehensive Plan examines the growth that is forecasted for certain uses in the county. Commercial growth is anticipated to continue along major highway corridors in the urbanized area around the City of Florence. The Land Use element also anticipates significant commercial growth near Lake City, along the US 52 corridor, and at the junction of Pamplico Highway (SC 51) and US 378. Industrial growth forecasted for the county is distributed differently. This growth is primarily expected along I-20 and I-95 corridors, with other significant areas of industrial growth near Lake City and Johnsonville. The Transportation Element considers these forecasted growth areas through the formulation of its future recommendations.
Previous and Ongoing Studies The Transportation Element of the Florence County Comprehensive Plan considers previous planning efforts. Two recent and relevant plans include the City of Florence Comprehensive Plan and the 2035 FLATS LRTP.
City of Florence Comprehensive Plan The City of Florence currently is updating their comprehensive plan. In the city’s plan, special emphasis is placed on responsible growth patterns, encouraging smart development, removing blight, enhancing public facilities and creating a community appearance that improves municipal identity.
2035 Florence Area Transportation Study Long Range Transportation Plan The 2035 FLATS LRTP examines existing and future transportation needs in the FLATS region and develops long term planning strategies. Federal law requires FLATS to update a fiscally constrained LRTP every five years. Funded projects must be included in the FLATS Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) and the State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP). FLATS facilitates input from local officials and citizens to direct the expenditure of federal transportation monies. The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient, Transportation Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU), the federally legislated transportation funding bill, finances transportation related projects considered and approved by the FLATS Policy Committee. The 2035 FLATS LRTP utilizes scenario planning and emphasizes lower cost roadway improvements. Scenario planning is an analytical tool that helps forecast the effects of planning policies. Cost effective roadway recommendations in the LRTP include planted medians, driveway consolidation, collector street connections, bicycle and pedestrian amenities, intersection improvements and signal timing coordination. Ultimately, the 2035 FLATS LRTP
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presents a set of financially constrained recommendations along with a set of workable implementation strategies.
Roadways Public roadways represent the most utilized public resource in the county. Residents use roadways to travel between their homes, place of employment, shopping, essential services and recreation areas. Roadways link people to their destination and directly impact citizens’ quality of life.
Existing Conditions The City of Florence originally was founded as a crossroads community for the burgeoning railroad system. The city continues to fill the role of a crossroads community today, with I-95 and I-20 converging nearby. Florence’s historic downtown is laid out on a grid of interconnected streets originally focused on the now abandoned railroad corridor running through the center of the city. The spine of the city extends south through the county, connecting Lake City and Florence. As is common with other areas in the state and nation, the urban fringe continues to develop in a typical less dense suburban and rural pattern as one travels away from the city’s historic core. The Florence area benefits from having multiple options for regional mobility. I-95 and I-20 anchors this mobility, which connect Florence with many major eastern cities. In addition, routes such as US 52, US 76, US 378, and US 301 serve as critical inter- and intra-regional transportation corridors.
Functional Classification In accordance with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), functional classification is the process by which streets and highways are grouped into classes, or systems, according to the character
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of service they are intended to provide (http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/fcsec2_1.htm). The classification of streets into several “functional” categories aids in communication among policy makers, planners, engineers, and citizens for expanding the transportation system. The functional classification system groups streets according to the land use served (or to be served) and provides a general designation of the type of traffic each street is intended to accommodate. The street functional classification system primarily defines the street in terms of roadway design and character, as well as operational features for the movement of vehicles. The SCDOT defines the functional classifications that make up the Florence County roadway network. A general description is shown in Appendix 8-B. The interstates, collector and arterial roadways are shown in Figure 8-1. The terrain of the county is relatively flat, which allows for easier connections via the arterial street network. Every municipality in the county (with the exception of Quinby) is served directly by one or more arterial streets. However, numerous wetland areas and other environmental factors present in the county impose natural barriers at certain points in the road network. There are a variety of street types in the county from unpaved roads to 6-lane interstates. The FLATS area contains the majority of multilane facilities in Florence County. Throughout Florence County, US 52 provides a multilane spine road that serves multiple municipalities. US 76 is multilane through most of Florence County until it narrows near the Timmonsville area. Also, portions of US 378 operate as a multilane freeway. The laneages on the major roads in the network are shown in Figure 8-2. In Figure 8-1 and Figure 8-2, data shown within the FLATS boundary was obtained from the regional travel demand model. Outside this boundary, data was provided by SCDOT. To improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the data, the county should work with the state to check and validate the laneage and functional class of area roadway.
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Daily Traffic Volumes and Levels of Service The SCDOT annually reports traffic counts for state roads and for road segments presumed to carry significant volumes. These are annual average daily traffic (AADT) counts and show the demands placed on the system. Figure 8-3 provides 2007 AADT values on these major roads. Overall, traffic volumes on facilities classified as collector streets are lower than those on minor arterials, and traffic volumes on minor arterials are lower than those on principal arterials. This tendency reflects the purpose and function of each roadway class design and location. Traffic volumes alone should not be used to determine congested corridors because this measurement does not consider functional classification and roadway capacity. A more descriptive roadway capacity measurement is volume-to-capacity (V/C) ratios. These ratios are calculated by dividing the traffic volume of a roadway segment by the designed capacity of the roadway. The resulting universal measurement standardizes traffic analysis and provides a benchmark for levels of congestion. V/C ratios are often discussed in terms of levels of service (LOS). The LOS system uses the letters A through F to describe specific ranges of V/C ratios, with A being best and F being worst. These LOS and V/C ratios can be grouped into the categories as shown in Appendix 8-C. Existing (2007) V/C ratios for Florence County are shown in Figure 8-3. Roadway capacities are compared to existing and future traffic volumes through the travel demand model. As shown in Figure 8-4, future year volume projections were determined based on historical growth rates and then compared to current roadway capacities provided by SCDOT. When looking at the county roadway network as a whole, it appears traffic volumes increased approximately 1% between 2000 and 2007. This approximation shows the contrast between the fast-growing traffic areas in the county such as Ebenezer Road/Hoffmeyer Road and less utilized rural routes.
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Traffic Safety Crash histories combined with an examination of existing traffic patterns are integral to determining locations for safety improvement countermeasures. Traditionally, crash analysis includes the study of crash frequency and crash type at each location. Crash analysis for the Florence County Comprehensive Plan mirrors that of the 2035 FLATS LRTP and will focus on severity in respect to traffic volume while identifying the intersections where mitigation is most critical. This analytical process led to preliminary countermeasures for four priority crash locations. The priority crash locations described in more detail in the roadway recommendation section are the highest ranking crash locations for intersections outside the FLATS boundary. As mentioned in the 2035 FLATS LRTP, effective implementation of safety countermeasures likely will require a dedicated annual funding source to make safety improvements or to serve as a local match for federal or state safety funds. Data for crash analysis was obtained from the SCDOT State Traffic Safety Engineering Office. A summary of this data is shown in Table 8-1. The data represents the highest ranked intersections based on crash data collected between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2009. The crash analysis focused on intersections throughout Florence County, including the FLATS area. Data considered for each location included total crashes, fatalities, crash types, AADT and average crash rates for the area. Intersection rankings are based on a combination of crash rate and severity and may result in some locations with equal ranking as seen in
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First, intersections were identified as having abnormally high crash rates for their respective traffic volumes based on the Rate Quality Control Method. Second, crashes were ranked by Equivalent Property Damage Only Rate (a measure of severity with respect to traffic volumes). The proposed recommendations include countermeasures for the top four priority crash locations (as determined by the combined rankings and highlighted in the table) outside of the FLATS area. Countermeasures for locations in the FLATS area can be found in the 2035 FLATS LRTP.
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Total Total Street 1 Street 2 Fatal Injury PDO AADT Rank Crashes 1 McAllister Mill Rd. Salem Rd. 10 0 9 7 1,075 I-95 NB Ramp 2 Lucas St. Frontage 19 0 9 14 5,300 Connector 3 Palmetto St. Williamson Rd. 68 0 41 46 25,350 4 David H McLeod Blvd. Woody Jones Blvd. 51 0 36 38 20,600 5 Knollwood Rd. Alligator Rd. 28 0 15 20 9,900 I-95 SB Ramp 6 Lucas St. Frontage 27 0 4 24 5,300 Connector 7 McIver Rd. Ashby Rd. 24 0 21 14 11,300 8 Jones Rd. Bethel Rd. 12 0 8 6 4,500 9 Knollwood Rd. Lakeshore Dr. 18 0 19 8 8,800 10 Irby St. Freedom Blvd. 65 0 30 51 28,650 11 Cashua Dr. Third Loop Rd. 27 0 13 18 13,900 1112 Palmetto St. Holly Cir. 41 0 24 28 23,500 1113 Cherokee Rd. Irby St. 54 0 41 33 34,950 14 Ebenezer Rd. Industry Blvd. 30 0 9 24 13,200 15 Palmetto St. Ebenezer Rd. 34 0 30 18 23,750 16 E Howe Springs Rd. Bannockburn Rd. 22 0 5 18 8,600 1617 Old Marion Hwy. Williston Rd. 27 0 15 18 15,550 1618 Palmetto St. Francis Marion Rd. 18 2 6 14 12,900 National Cemetery 19 Jeffords St. 27 0 5 23 9,825 Rd. 20 Palmetto St. Twin Church Rd. 27 0 13 19 15,850 21 Pamplico Hwy. Claussen Rd. 35 0 12 29 19,500 22 Olanta Hwy. Camp Branch Rd. 10 0 3 8 4,200 23 Palmetto St. Williston Rd. 48 0 19 36 29,850 2324 Douglas St. Mechanicsville Rd. 19 0 11 12 11,900 25 Cashua Dr. Second Loop Rd. 42 0 35 27 36,250 26 Lucas St. NB I-95 Ramps 36 0 20 27 26,200 27 Kingsburg Hwy. Myrtle Beach Hwy. 18 0 4 15 8,250 28 David H McLeod Blvd. Radio Dr. 28 0 14 23 20,350 29 John Paul Jones Rd. Stagecoach Rd. 6 3 4 2 4,900 30 Palmetto St. Church St. 42 0 29 27 38,500
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Crash Frequency Rank is based on the Rate Quality Control Method, which employs a statistical test to determine if the accident rate at a location is significantly higher than accident rates at other locations with similar characteristics. Crash Severity Rank is based on the EPDO Rate, a measure of severity using equivalent property damage only (EPDO) and average annual daily traffic at each intersection. More information on both methods can be found in the FLATS LRTP. PDO is ‘property damage only.’ Note that some rankings may be equal. Projects with Committed Funding At this time, transportation projects in Florence County are being funded through a combination of local, state, and federal sources. One-time funding sources such as the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) are currently being utilized for repaving, rehabilitation, and transit projects. This section details some of the roadway capacity projects with committed funding in the county. Additional information on funding types can be found later in this document as well as in the 2035 FLATS LRTP.
Florence County Capital Projects Sales Tax In November 2006, Florence County voters pledged an additional one-cent sales tax, known as the Capital Projects Sales Tax, for Florence County roadway improvements. Voters prioritized six projects through the bond referendum: Pine Needles Road widening from Southborough Road to South Ebenezer Road US 378 widening from US 52 near Lake City to SC 41 in Kingsburg US 76 widening from I-95 to Main Street in Timmonsville TV Road widening to four lanes from Wilson Road to I-95 Pamplico Highway (SC 51) widening from Claussen Road to US 378 in Kingsburg US 301 Bypass completion from US 76 near Timmonsville to the intersection of US 52/US 301 and Howe Springs Road Upon approval, the anticipated tax revenue was $148 million which would be used to leverage a $250 million State Infrastructure Bank (SIB) grant. This funding source expires after seven years or when the County meets the tax revenue funding limit, whichever is earliest. Tax revenues are currently anticipated to fully fund the first four roadway improvement projects and a portion of the fifth.
State Transportation Improvement Program At this time, the STIP includes only one capital roadway project in Florence County. Kingsburg Highway, SC 41, is slated to be widened to four lanes between US 378 at Kingsburg and SR 99 in Johnsonville. Construction of this project is anticipated to be completed by the end of FY 2011. The January 2010 version of the STIP allocates $6.5 million for construction of this project.
Proposed Recommendations The following roadway recommendations focus on improvements to key corridors throughout the county to enhance roadway safety, mitigate congestion, improve the truck freight network and develop a network of multi-modal streets. Barriers to building new roads include natural barriers, existing buildings, as well as social and financial barriers that make new construction costly. Therefore, it benefits the county to first maximize existing infrastructure. Recommendations are shown in Figure 8-5 and described in more detail on the following pages.
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Intersection Safety Improvements Reasons for high crash frequency or severity at an intersection often include some combination of intersection design, accessibility, and traffic congestion. Locations in Florence County with high crash frequency and/or severity also are locations where congestion often exists. As a result, many of the highest priority intersections are located within the more urban areas of the county. This fact justifies the ongoing efforts to provide adequate funding for transportation projects that minimize traffic congestion. While a direct relationship typically exists between traffic congestion and crash frequency, in rural areas of the county high priority crash locations likely result from poor design and/or driver error. The following section includes a more detailed analysis of the top four priority locations outside the FLATS area concerning crashes as well as recommendations for potential countermeasures. Additional safety analysis and mitigation measures for intersections within the FLATS area are discussed in the 2035 FLATS LRTP.
McAllister Mill Road at Salem Road The intersection of McAllister Mill Road at Salem Road (SC 541), located west of Coward, includes a skewed geometry and nearby neighboring intersections. McAllister Mill Road is a controlled stop, while Salem Road is a free movement. There are sight distance and turning radius limitations on some of the movements. The most unique feature to this intersection is a separated, partially paved, two-way turn lane in the southeast quadrant of the intersection. This short connection has stop signs in both directions, ostensibly permitting use by motorists turning left from Salem Road to go south on McAllister Mill Road and by motorists turning right from McAllister Mill Road to go east on Salem Road. This intersection is rated as the worst crash location in Florence County partially due to the high percentage of injuries and property damage in crashes. Several safety measures are proposed to improve this intersection. First, the small two-way separated turning lane is proposed to be eliminated. In its place, it’s recommended that additional pavement be laid in the southeast quadrant of the intersection to increase the turning radius from McAllister Mill Road onto Salem Road. The stop sign on each approach of McAllister Mill Road should be fitted with a 2-Way notification posted to alert drivers that traffic on Salem Road does not stop. For additional mitigation, blinking “stop ahead” signs should be installed on each approach to
further alert motorists on McAllister Mill Road of the upcoming stop.
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Jones Road at Bethel Road The intersection of Jones Road (US 301) at Bethel Road (SC 403), known locally as Kelly’s Crossroads, is rural in nature, located east of the Town of Olanta. This intersection has stop control on Bethel Road, and free movement along Jones Road. The roads converge at a slight skew, and Bethel Road is slightly misaligned at the intersection. The land uses on the northwest and northeast quadrants of the intersection have multiple driveway openings, with some directly abutting the intersection and others spanning all the way through the intersection. In order to improve the overall safety of this intersection, several recommendations are proposed. First, driveway openings for the property in the northwest and northeast quadrants should be more clearly delineated and limited so that they do not open directly onto the intersection. “Stop sign ahead” signage is recommended to be installed on Bethel Road to notify drivers of the upcoming stop. A 2-Way stop notification posted will alert drivers that Jones Road traffic does not stop. Positioning of the stop bar could be adjusted to
give drivers an improved sight line.
Olanta Highway at Camp Branch Road The intersection of Olanta Highway (SC 341) at Camp Branch Road, located northwest of Lake City, serves as one point of a triangle of intersections joining Olanta Highway, Bethel Road and Camp Branch Road. At this point, Bethel Road merges into Olanta Highway. At about 300 feet prior to the merge, Camp Branch Road intersects with both of these roadways. Several mitigation measures may improve this intersection. Heading south on Camp Branch Road towards Bethel Road and Olanta Highway, it is difficult to perceive that there are two stop controlled intersections, not just one. Advance warning signs indicating the presence of two upcoming stop-controlled intersections may mitigate confusion. A “stop ahead” sign exists on Bethel Road prior to its intersection with Camp Branch Road. However, traffic on Bethel Road does not stop until the intersection with Olanta Highway. It is recommended this sign be moved to the east side of Camp Branch Road and Bethel Road intersection for greater clarity. Further measures to improve the intersection may include disconnecting the roadway section of Bethel Road between Camp Branch Road and Olanta Highway. Traffic from the
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abutting residential and commercial driveways may be rerouted onto Olanta Highway. Turning
radii may also need to be improved to accommodate freight traffic.
Kingsburg Highway at Myrtle Beach Highway Kingsburg Highway at Myrtle Beach Highway (US 378) is located at the unincorporated community of Kingsburg, north of Johnsonville. The route heading north on Kingsburg Highway and then turning west on Myrtle Beach Highway is designated as a hurricane evacuation route. This intersection has significant truck use. Three of the four intersection approaches do not currently include turn arrows. Only the westbound approach from Myrtle Beach Highway to the signal includes a dedicated left turn arrow. To improve the safety of this intersection, additional pavement is recommended in the southeast quadrant of the intersection. This additional pavement will better accommodate the turning movement of a large portion of the truck traffic, and will help prevent the rutting that currently occurs. Additionally, turn arrows should be considered at all approaches. Finally, as development comes into the quadrants of this intersection, driveway locations should be located at a
sufficient distance from the intersection to minimize conflicting turning movements.
Access Management Improvements Access management strives to maximize the flow of traffic while providing access to adjacent developments. The FHWA Access Management Manual states that access management results from a cooperative effort between state and local agencies and private land owners to systematically control the “location, spacing, design, and operation of driveways, median openings, interchanges, and street connections to a roadway.” (Transportation Research Board 2003) Access management requires cooperation between government agencies and private land owners. The ability of motorists to travel through a given roadway segment is essential for both transportation system efficiency and economic development. Access management balances the needs of motorists to drive through an area with the needs of property owners to access adjacent property. This consideration is greatest along developed (or developing) corridors such as US 52 and US 76. Access management improvements increase the efficiency and the capacity of existing infrastructure and are often the most effective option when maximizing limited funds. Several corridors in Florence County (both within and outside the FLATS area) have been identified for access management improvements. The 2035 FLATS LRTP includes a detailed description of access management strategies for the following corridors: Palmetto Street (US 76/US 301) – Ballard Street to Williston Road/McCurdy Road
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Pamplico Highway (SC 51) – Irby Street to Howe Springs Road/Claussen Road Lucas Street (US 52) – I-95 to Irby Street Additionally the following corridors will benefit from improved access management: US 76 west of Timmonsville – Shoulder improvements, turn pockets US 76 in Timmonsville – Turn pockets, bicycle and pedestrian amenities, improved crossings at intersections US 52 in Coward – Improved crossings of US 52, potential plantable median (i.e. refuge islands and gateway features) US 52 in Scranton – Improved crossings of US 52, potential plantable median (i.e. refuge islands and gateway features) US 52 in Lake City – Improved crossings of US 52, potential plantable median (i.e. refuge islands and gateway features), signal timing, driveway reductions/site interconnectivity
Roadway Capacity Improvements Existing corridors that require more work than access management improvements alone to solve congestion and safety issues may require widening. The corridors identified for widening within the 2035 FLATS LRTP are listed below according to their ultimate cross section:
6-Lane Divided Freeway I-95 — David H McLeod Blvd to W Palmetto St (US 76)
4-Lane Divided Pine Needles Rd — Southborough Rd to Ebenezer Rd Ebenezer Rd — Pine Needles Rd to W Palmetto St (US 76) Ebenezer Rd/Radio Dr — David H McLeod Blvd (US 20) to near Industry Blvd Ebenezer Rd/Pisgah Rd — Presbyterian Rd (US 52) to Hoffmeyer Rd Hoffmeyer Rd — Tivoli Dr to Timmonsville Hwy (SC 340) Alligator Rd — Palmetto St (US 76) to S Irby St (US 52) Freedom Blvd (US 301) — Freedom Florence Recreational Facility to National Cemetery Rd W Palmetto St — E Main St (in Timmonsville) to I-95 Southborough Rd — N Sally Hill Rd to Pine Needles Rd National Cemetery Rd — S Church St to Stockade Dr Pamplico Hwy (SC 51) — E Howe Springs Rd to Kates Garden Ln
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Irby St (US 52)/TV Rd — I-95 to Wilson Rd Southern Connector – I-95 at around mile marker 155 to South Irby St
5-Lane Ebenezer Rd — Industry Blvd to Pine Needles Rd W Darlington St — N Cashua Dr to Irby St (US 52) Cashua Dr — Second Loop Rd (SC 51) to Parker Dr
3-Lane Ebenezer Rd — Pisgah Rd to US 52 The widening of this segment of Ebenezer Road to three lanes should accommodate future residential growth along the corridor. However, turn pockets and a 2-lane divided cross section may be preferred in strategic locations. This recommendation assumes no improvements are necessary to the bridge over Palmetto Shores Lake. Oakland Ave — E Lucas St to Wilson Rd Third Loop Rd — Marsh Ave to S Irby St (US 52)
Other Improvements The 2035 FLATS LRTP also includes one new location facility, designed to enhance connectivity between the southern residential areas of the City of Florence and the downtown: Extend Brofford Drive between Alligator Road and Third Loop Road as a 2 lane roadway (including a new bridge) Two major intersection and interchange improvements are also recommended by consultants as a part of the 2035 FLATS LRTP: Construct half cloverleaf interchange at I-95 and McIver Road Construct 2-lane roundabout at the Five Points intersection The new I-95 interchange at McIver Road, located north of the City of Florence, is recommended in order to enhance connectivity and access to the interstate for that part of the county. The roundabout proposed for the Five Points intersection, located near the center of the City of Florence, is recommended in order to improve intersection safety, alleviate intersection congestion issues and to serve as a gateway for the City of Florence. The Florence County Comprehensive Plan uses these recently developed recommendations as a base framework, and validates and expands upon them in order to create a viable county-wide Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 283
roadway network. A notable capacity improvement outside of the FLATS area is the STIP project to widen SC 41 between Kingsburg and Johnsonville to a 4-lane facility. There are also an array of facilities with recommended shoulder improvements to facilitate travel of freight movements and potential regional bicycle travel. Improvements for the non-FLATS area of the county include the widening of US 378 from SC 41 east to the Florence County line. This improvement would extend the proposed widening of US 378 to the county line which is already funded through the Florence County capital projects sales tax. This widening results in a continuous 4-lane divided section to Myrtle Beach. This improvement would also involve constructing an additional 2-lane section of bridge across the Pee Dee River. The existing 2-lane bridge in this location is currently being supplemented with an additional 2-lane bridge with an increased clearance over the river. In addition to these access management improvements, a selection of corridors was identified as candidates for access management overlay districts and rural preservation overlay districts. US 378 between US 52 in Lake City and Kingsburg Highway/Old River Road north of Johnsonville would benefit from an access management overlay to control the types and patterns of future growth allowed along the corridor. This action should protect the mobility by reducing conflict points while ultimately making it better equipped to handle new development and continue to serve as an east-west regional connector. The following corridors are identified for access management overlay districts: N Williston Road (SC 327)/Freedom Boulevard (US 301) between I-95 and S Irby Street (US 52) Howe Springs Road between S Irby Street (US 52) and Pamplico Highway (SC 51) Corridors recommended for rural preservation overlay districts have the potential for growth but residents and local officials want to preserve the rural characteristics (viewsheds, historic sites, cultural resources, agriculture, etc.) Ideally, corridors targeted for rural preservation overlay districts have larger parallel facilities that could accommodate additional traffic. Two corridors were selected as candidates for rural preservation overlay districts: Old River Road from Francis Marion Road (SC 327) to Myrtle Beach Highway (US 378) SC 341 between Lake City and Johnsonville Possible consideration also could be given to designating SC 341 as a scenic byway in the future.
Collector Streets Collector streets gather traffic from neighborhoods, commercial centers and industrial areas and distribute it to the county’s network of arterials. Compared to arterials, collectors provide less mobility but higher accessibility. With lower design speeds and more multi-modal amenities,
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these streets are attractive for bicyclists and pedestrians. Proper design and adequate spacing are important considerations for an effective collector street network. Design – The design of the collector street network must respect present and future conditions, the public’s vision for the future and how the network can best balance the natural environment, connectivity, access, mobility and safety. Spacing – Different spacing standards are necessary for different development types and intensities. According to land use intensity, the spacing of collector streets should range from 3,000 to 6,000 feet in very low intensity residential areas to 750 to 1,500 feet in activity centers. The collector street recommendations shown in Figure 8-5 occur in the FLATS Area. These recommendations were developed as part of the 2035 FLATS LRTP following discussions with staff, feedback from the general public and GIS based analysis. The recommended collector street system provides critical connections by bridging the gap between arterials and locals. Recommended collector streets have been established to provide additional connections for areas in the periphery of the region that might expect additional future growth. Other recommended collector streets near or within the City of Florence seek to connect existing development and provide other connection opportunities to relieve congestion on surrounding arterials. The portion of the county beyond the FLATS area overall has adequate spacing and connectivity for the rural landscape. New collector streets are envisioned to have 2-lanes and often have exclusive left turn lanes at intersections with principal and minor arterials and less frequently at intersections with other collectors. The actual design of a collector street will depend upon the surrounding land use context. The typical cross sections for collector streets also are included in the Recommended Cross Section portion in Appendix 8-B.
Transit Transit service primarily offered by the Pee Dee Regional Transportation Authority (PDRTA) provides important access and mobility for residents throughout Florence County. As a critical component of the complete transportation system, transit is closely tied to land use and economic development decisions. PDRTA and local officials agree that transit services should be a viable mobility option for those who need it most — senior citizens, the physically or economically disadvantaged and commuters who choose to ride. Transit also should provide an option for persons making the traditional suburban-to-urban commute and those traveling between activity centers. However, in the rural areas of the county such service is more difficult and typically incurs higher costs and lower ridership. The transit component of the Transportation Element includes a description of existing services and general recommendations to ensure transit remains a viable alternative for the residents of Florence County.
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Existing Service Within Florence County, PDRTA provides fixed-route bus service, fixed-route commuter service, and paratransit (dial-a-ride) service. In addition, private transportation and taxicab companies provide local transportation services, and Greyhound (Southeastern Stages) provides intercity bus service. All of these options are available within the FLATS area.
Fixed-route Service Fixed-route service provided by PDRTA includes both local bus service in the greater Florence area as well as a regional commuter service. Fixed-route bus service in Florence consists of a “hub and spoke” layout with five routes (or spokes) originating from a hub at the Central Transfer Point on West Evans Street at Dargan Street in downtown Florence. A sixth route links to another route instead of the Central Transfer Point. All routes are flag-stop routes along which riders can wave for a pick-up. Figure 8-6 shows the six routes, which include: Route 1: West Evans – Magnolia Mall Route 2: North Florence Route 3: East & South Florence Route 4: 2nd Loop – DSS – Super Wal-Mart Route 5: Palmetto Street – Florence Mall Route 6: South Florence/Savannah Grove The “hub and spoke” layout emphasizes trips originating from or destined to the downtown area. With plans to add Francis Marion University transportation in late 2010, ridership is projected to rise. In addition to local fixed-route bus service in Florence, PDRTA provides fixed-route commuter service to Florence for residents of Dillon, Marion, Hartsville and Darlington counties. This service provides residents of these areas an alternative way to get to work and school in Florence. The commuter routes also connect to the local fixed-routes in Florence, which greatly increases the destinations accessible to residents in the outlying areas.
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Demand-Response Service Complementary Paratransit Service Complementary Paratransit Service provides paratransit or van transportation for individuals who cannot otherwise access the fixed-route bus service. The service is designed for individuals with disabilities as defined by ADA. In particular, Complementary Paratransit Service is limited to individuals with the following disabilities: Cannot board, ride, or disembark from an accessible vehicle without the assistance of another person (except for the bus driver and lift) Could ride an accessible vehicle but the route is not accessible Have a specific impairment-related condition that prevents them from traveling to or from a boarding or disembarking location Based on federal guidelines, Complementary Paratransit Service provides curb-to-curb service.
Human Services Transportation PDRTA provides transportation for many human services agencies located throughout the region. Human services trips carry passengers of all ages and abilities to various destinations. Examples include trips to adult day care facilities, dialysis clinics, nutrition centers and various medical facilities. Medical appointments make up the largest portion of these services, though work, shopping and training/education trips are also represented. Without PDRTA, many of life’s daily activities would be unavailable to residents in Florence County and throughout the Pee Dee region.
Vanpool Service Carpooling and vanpooling is an economical and environmental-friendly commuting option. Compared to driving alone to work, carpooling or vanpooling provides personal benefits including reduced commuting expenses and other community benefits such as fewer vehicle miles traveled which results in cleaner air, less congestion and reduced fuel consumption. One of the challenges for increasing participation in carpool and vanpool services is finding someone with a similar commute. For many communities, this obstacle is overcome through a carpool and vanpool matching service. While PDRTA currently does not have a matching service, PDRTA’s Transportation Manager is available to help vanpools get started once a citizen or business forms a group of workers with similar commuting patterns. Through its vanpool system, PDRTA provides a vehicle, insurance, gas and maintenance, with a fee shared among the riders. Tax incentives provide extra savings for both the employer and employees.
Other Public Transportation Providers General discussions of public transportation traditionally center on services such as those provided by PDRTA — namely fixed-route and paratransit. These transit services are important Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 288
components of the larger public transportation network that also includes taxis, Amtrak and intercity bus travel (Southeastern Stages). For longer distance travel, residents of the Pee Dee region can utilize the expanding options at Florence Regional Airport.
Passengers
Public transit helps alleviate congestion, provides access to jobs and grants mobility. It also provides environmental benefits such as improving air quality and reducing the amount of gasoline consumed per passenger mile when compared to private automobile travel. PDRTA’s fleet consists of 123 vehicles (buses, vans and trolleys). In December 2009, PDRTA received eight additional revenue service vehicles. In 2008, PDRTA ridership consisted of more than 323,000 passenger trips, logging more than 2.8 million service miles. Average daily passenger ridership was approximately 1,350.
Future Trends and Services Most daily activities, ranging from school to work to medical appointments to recreation, require some form of personal mobility. For the county’s aging population and persons with disabilities, personal mobility also means independence. The level of mobility afforded to residents in Florence County varies, and gaps exist throughout the transportation network. The desire is for public transportation to become a travel mode of choice for a greater proportion of the population. PDRTA anticipates the following future investments in public transportation: Increased service to Southborough Road/Pine Needles Road, Hoffmeyer Road, US 52/Lucas Street and US 52 south to Lake City Additional route between Francis Marion University and downtown Florence with evening and weekend service Establish service between Timmonsville and Florence Installation of lighted bus stop signs Add park and ride locations in the Florence, Coward and Lake City areas Upgrade and expand technology including new scheduling and dispatching software, mobile data terminals and Automatic Vehicle Locators (AVLs) Establish a downtown multi-modal hub in the City of Florence
Freight The movement of freight throughout the southeastern United States and across South Carolina has played an important role in the economic vitality of the region. Manufacturing has remained a core component of this region’s economy even as the sector declined in neighboring areas. The confluence of two interstate highways and proximity of two major ports
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provides a robust base for economic activity. Plans for port expansion in the region and continued industrial growth further emphasize the need for a sound, interconnected system for the movement of goods.
Roadway Freight Florence County boasts one of the best highway freight networks in the state, anchored by I-95 and I-20. I-95 is one of the nation’s busiest freight corridors, connecting the east coast’s major population and economic centers. In South Carolina, nearly 25 percent of vehicles traveling on I-95 are trucks. I-20 is an important east-west connector for Florence to Atlanta and beyond. Within Florence County, these interstate highways are supplemented by numerous US highways, including the north-south route US 52 and east-west routes US 76 and US 378. Collectively, the interstate and US highways carry the most traffic, but some SC highways in the county also carry significant freight traffic. These freight corridors include Pamplico Highway (SC 51), Williston Road (SC 327), and SC 403 near Timmonsville. From a statewide perspective, it is important for SCDOT to continue to maintain and upgrade interstate infrastructure to meet future demand. SCDOT maintains more than 840 miles of interstate highways. According to SCDOT, 45 miles of South Carolina’s interstates have capacity needs; and by 2030, more than 50 percent of the interstate highways will operate below acceptable levels of service and up to 50 interchanges will need to be reconstructed. On the state’s primary and secondary roads, more than 1,100 miles (3% of total miles) will need to be improved at a cost of $7 billion in today’s dollars.
Recommendations Increasing truck traffic on the county’s network of freeways and arterials makes it more important to guide these vehicles to routes designed to accommodate them. Designated truck routes should be signed and publicized so truck operators and the general public will recognize these streets have been designed with truck traffic in mind. The design of the routes should allow the safe and efficient operation of trucks. Figure 8-7 shows routes that are recommended to be retrofitted and signed for truck traffic. Trucks, with the exception of local deliveries, should be prohibited on routes not signed for truck traffic as described below. These routes were selected based on feedback from local staff, freight industry leaders, analysis and field review. The following considerations should be applied: Truck Classification — Trucks should be defined as vehicles with a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight of 33,000 pounds or more. This definition excludes most straight trucks, panel trucks and delivery trucks but includes large trucks with more than two axles such as tractor-trailers and tandem axle dump trucks. Public service vehicles such as garbage collection trucks also would be excluded from this definition. Route Designation — Area roadways recommended as truck routes are shown in Figure 8-7. Should the SCDOT adopt a statewide truck route map, these designations should be considered. As industrial development occurs, it will be important to provide efficient truck access and circulation to improve freight mobility while limiting cut-through truck
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traffic in adjacent neighborhoods. Within city limits, consideration should be given to amending local ordinances to specifically prohibit through truck movements on local streets. Prohibiting trucks on state maintained roadways will require SCDOT approval. Route Enhancement — Once truck routes are designated, improvements should be prioritized to ensure the routes are fully utilized. FLATS should: (1) work with SCDOT to prioritize resurfacing of designated routes in an effort to reduce noise and vibration from trucks; (2) adjust signal timing where necessary to allow uninterrupted through movements based on posted speed limits; and (3) partner with local and state entities to improve critical intersections (turning radii, lane width and the provision of dedicated turn lanes). These improvements will greatly improve the efficiency and safety of these corridors, in turn encouraging their use by truckers. Route Education — Signs should be posted at the city limits, freeway exits, and other appropriate locations directing truck drivers to roadways on which their movements are permitted. At a minimum, this should include limiting travel, except for local deliveries to the network identified in Figure 8-7. In addition to signage, Florence County and its municipalities should work together to publish educational materials and distribute it to businesses and industries concerning truck routes and restrictions. As mentioned previously, several corridors in Florence County have been identified for access management improvements. The plans outlined for Palmetto Street (US 76), Pamplico Highway (SC 51) and Lucas Street (US 52) in the 2035 FLATS LRTP include access management strategies that should improve the operation of these freight corridors. Improvements to the freight corridors identified in Figure 8-7 should receive the highest priority.
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Rail Freight The Association of American Railroads (AAR) defines three railroad classifications. Class I railroads are the largest operating railroads in terms of revenue. The actual definition of a Class I railroad has changed over the years to account for inflation and other factors. As of 2005, the AAR defined Class I railroads as having annual operating revenues that exceed $319 million. The number of Class I railroads has declined from more than 130 in 1939 to only seven in the United States and Canada today. These seven railroads account for 93 percent of the industry’s revenues. CSX and Amtrak are two Class I railroads that exist in Florence. Class II railroads, commonly known as “regionals”, currently are classified by the AAR as having operating revenues of $20.5 to $277.7 million. As with Class I railroads, the revenue benchmark used to classify these railroads is adjusted periodically. Class II railroads are not nearly as large as Class I railroads and typically operate within a particular region. However, they offer well-equipped main lines for faster movement of freight as well as local switching operations. Of the twelve Class II railroads in the United States, none currently operate in South Carolina. Class III railroads, commonly known as “shortlines”, are defined by the AAR as a railroad with less than $10 million in annual operating revenue. While shortlines are the industry’s smallest in terms of miles of track and revenue, they are the most numerous in the nation with approximately 500 in operation. The South Carolina Central Railroad operates a shortline in Florence. The following list is of rail operators in Florence County: Florence is home to a major CSX switching yard (located just north of downtown east of Lucas Street (US 52)) and has direct rail service to two major seaports (Charleston, SC and Wilmington, NC). This rail line, shown in Figure 8-7, follows US 76 from the east to downtown then parallels US 52 to the south. This route is the company’s major north- south route connecting Charleston with Washington DC. CSX also owns a rail corridor that parallels West Darlington Street in the City of Florence. Amtrak passenger rail station, located at 807 East Day Street behind McLeod Regional Medical Center, offers a connecting service between Florence and the cities of Greenville, Spartanburg, Myrtle Beach and Columbia, with intermediary stops to Camden and Conway. Amtrak rail boardings in 2008 for the City of Florence totaled over 47,000. The South Carolina Central Railroad (SCRF), a RailAmerica property, is a Class III shortline railroad that connects Florence with Bishopville via Darlington and Hartsville. In total, SCRF maintains more than 120 miles of railroad (including a separate segment between Cheraw and Society Hill). The portion of the SCRF railroad in Florence County is adjacent to Lucas Street.
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Recommendations New industrial development in Florence County and the surrounding region will increase the economic vitality of the county but put additional pressure on both the roadway and rail freight network. Proposed development in the region, such as the Boeing plant in North Charleston and the JAZFA development in Orangeburg and Dorchester Counties should increase rail freight activity through Florence County. The following list includes possible new sources for freight growth in the state: Expansion of the Port of Charleston Construction of the new Jasper Ocean Terminal in Jasper County, SC Arrival of the larger Post-Panamax ships via the expansion of the Panama Canal Development of inland intermodal ports Increased focus on the state as a logistics hub Given the expected growth in freight activity, areas of the highest concern likely will be those locations where multiple modes intersect. As a result, more emphasis needs to be placed on coordinating plans for rail with roadway, bicycle and pedestrian initiatives. This is also true given the recent push to establish passenger rail service in other parts of the county. A recent example of multi-modal planning is SCDOT’s Statewide Multimodal Plan, which contains a rail element that assesses rail corridors to identify opportunities for future transportation use. The effort included an inventory of rail corridors throughout the state to find “at-risk” lines and take steps to acquire them or preserve them using existing state and federal legislation. Acquired corridors could be utilized as bicycle and pedestrian trails. Passenger Rail Potential The Statewide Multimodal Plan also identifies rail corridors in the state for potential transit use. One corridor identified in the plan is the CSX rail line adjacent to US 52. The plan notes the CSX line to the east of this corridor that connects Dillon to Charleston and travels briefly through the southeast portion of Florence County. The plan notes that future transit service using rail will be dependent upon available right-of-way. The plan notes that abandonment of the line adjacent to US 52 is highly unlikely due to the volume of rail traffic on the corridor and the use of the line by Amtrak. However, the Multimodal Plan recognizes that a parallel consolidation of the line may be a possibility. By statute, SCDOT has the obligation to preserve, protect or acquire existing railroad rights of way for future transportation use. This obligation is defined by SCDOT’s role in mass transit. The South Carolina Department of Commerce, Division of Public Railways, has authority to acquire rail corridors that may be at risk of abandonment, or even develop and construct new rail corridors. In addition to service on the CSX corridor, elected officials have expressed a desire for commuter rail service from Florence to Myrtle Beach via Marion and Conway. While SCDOT has the corridor appearing on SCDOT rail plans, the population likely is not sufficient to justify the expense of commuter rail.
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Airports South Carolina’s airports are an important component of the statewide transportation system and a catalyst for the state’s economy. Aviation needs — including passengers on commercial airlines, those piloting a private aircraft, and the movement of goods — are fulfilled through a combination of large airports and smaller facilities across the Palmetto State. These facilities fall into one of three major categories: Commercial Service/Primary Airports — facilities that serve regularly scheduled passenger service. The three largest facilities in the state are Charleston International, Greenville-Spartanburg International and Myrtle Beach International. Other airports with scheduled passenger service in the state include Florence Regional Airport, Columbia Metropolitan Airport and Hilton Head Island Airport. General Aviation Airports — smaller facilities that exist in the majority of counties throughout the state. They typically have paved runways 2,000 feet to 5,500 feet in length and can accommodate small (single engine) and medium-sized (multi-engine) aircraft. These airports often provide opportunities for businesses with suitable aircraft to avoid the use of larger facilities and minimize air travel associated with lag time. They also have proven useful in attracting business to communities throughout the state. No general aviation airports are located within the FLATS area. Reliever Airports — large general aviation airports that provide additional capacity when the area’s primary commercial airport reaches capacity. Columbia Owens Downtown is the state’s only reliever airport.
Existing Facilities Located just a few miles east of downtown Florence, Florence Regional Airport is a general aviation airport also served by two commercial airlines (Delta Connection and US Airways). The commercial airlines provide regional service to Charlotte-Douglas International Airport and Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. The Florence Regional Airport also hosts the bi- annual May Fly Air Show. Smaller airports in the county include the Lake City Municipal Airport (located at C.J. Evans field in Lake City) and Huggins Memorial Airport (located at 776 East Smith Street in Timmonsville). Figure 8-8 shows the location of airports within Florence County.
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According to Federal Aviation Administration data, Florence Regional Airport had 64,835 boardings in 2008, an increase of nearly 40% compared to 2007. Florence Regional Airport is the sixth busiest airport in the state behind airports in Charleston, Greenville-Spartanburg, Myrtle Beach, Columbia and Hilton Head. However, Florence was one of only two airports to show an increase in enplanements from 2007 to 2008. Charleston Air Force Base/International Airport recognized a 2.6% increase in that period. According to the Executive Director of the Florence Regional Airport, the airport processes minimal incoming freight and even less outgoing freight. But internationally, air freight has become more common for products of high value. While less than one percent of world transport by volume is by airline, it amounts to forty percent of the value. Time has become especially important in regards to principles such as postponement and just-in-time within the value chain, resulting in a high willingness to pay for quick delivery of key components or items of high value-to-weight ratio. In addition to mail, common items sent by air include electronics and fashion clothing.
Future Projects In 1999, the airport’s operation was assigned to the Pee Dee Regional Airport Authority (PDRAA). Over the past ten years, the PDRAA has focused on maintaining a safe and reliable facility. Today, the PDRAA has turned its attention to enhancing the passenger experience by improving the parking facility, reorganizing the passenger waiting areas, and installing a new baggage carousel with complimentary luggage carts. The $8 million expansion and renovation project that started in 2009 will create two additional airplane parking gates and additional employee offices and restrooms, with construction anticipated to be complete in 2010. Once ongoing renovation and expansion projects are completed, PDRAA will begin work on a new general aviation center for unscheduled flying, including charter planes and pilot training. Future plans include the construction of a new passenger concourse and gate areas with improved vending facilities. Current plans will allow expansion to 12 gates with ramp and apron facilities.
Bicycles, Pedestrians, and Greenways
User and Facility Types In order for a bicycle and pedestrian network to be successful, it must accommodate a range of user types. The best way to accommodate a variety of users is often through a mix of different bicycle and facility types. Types of users can be described in terms of trip purpose and skill level. Different reasons for taking to the street on bike or foot, combined with the varying levels of skill, require a bicycle and pedestrian plan that is flexible and responsive.
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Types of Users by Trip Purpose Bicycling and walking often falls into two distinct types of travel: 1. Utilitarian, non-discretionary travel. Often, children, persons with disabilities, and many elderly are not able to drive. In addition, some households simply cannot afford an automobile. According to the 2000 Census, approximately 10.4% of all households in Florence County do not have a vehicle available. This percentage is higher than the state average and approximately equal to the national average. For those unable to drive and persons living in households with no vehicles, the only option for daily necessary trips may be transit, bicycling and walking. 2. Recreational, discretionary travel. Walking and bicycling are excellent methods of exercise, helping residents to establish a healthy lifestyle while enjoying the livability of their communities. Walking and bicycling for fun is increasing in popularity as Americans realize the benefits of these activities. Both types of travelers require a complete network of bicycle and pedestrian facilities as well as programs that educate and encourage current and future users.
Types of Users by Riding Skill Advanced Cyclists are usually the most experienced on the road and can safely ride in typical arterial conditions of higher traffic volume and speeds. Most advanced cyclists prefer shared roadways in lieu of striped bike lanes and paths but may be more willing to accept striped bike lanes when the street gutter is cleaned regularly. Although this group represents approximately 20% of all cyclists, they account for nearly 80% of annual bicycle miles traveled. Basic Cyclists are less secure in their ability to ride in traffic without special accommodations. They usually are casual or new adult/teenage riders who typically prefer multi-use paths or bike lanes on collector or arterial streets. Such facilities reduce basic cyclists’ exposure to fast-moving and heavy traffic. Surveys of the cycling public indicate that about 80% of cyclists can be categorized as basic cyclists. Child Cyclists have a limited field of vision while riding and generally keep to the neighborhood streets, sidewalks, and greenways. On busier streets, this group likely stays on sidewalks or off-street facilities that protect them from traffic. In the City of Florence, cycling on sidewalks is permitted everywhere except downtown. While riding on sidewalks should be discouraged, the comfort level of child cyclists may warrant riding on sidewalks provided they yield to pedestrians.
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Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities Like drivers, cyclists gain experience over time by riding. As cyclists ride and gain more experience operating in traffic, they graduate from basic to advanced cyclists. This transition ensures that the needs of all three types of cyclists must be constantly evaluated and accommodated. To make sure adequate amenities are available to users of all skill levels, the facilities identified here should be incorporated into roadway projects in Florence County. Similarly, the needs of many types of pedestrians must be considered when determining the best location of pedestrian facilities. A combination of on- and off-street facilities is often the best solution to serve the needs of both bicyclists and pedestrians. In addition to the facilities themselves, consideration also needs to be given to ancillary facilities and amenities such as bicycle parking, benches, and wayfinding signage.
On-Street Bicycle Facilities On-street bike facilities are designated by striping, signing, and pavement markings on the public right-of-way for the preferential or exclusive use of bicyclists. The type of on-street facility recommended depends on the roadway classification and characteristics. Several types of on-street facilities can be used in conjunction with another to create a well developed bicycle network. Striped bicycle lanes are typically four to five feet in width, with striping and markings to reserve the space for bicyclists. They typically provide the greatest level of comfort for a basic level bicyclist on all on-street facilities. Wide outside lanes provide extra width (typically two to three feet) in the outermost travel lane. These facilities are more commonly used by advanced level bicyclists, and work well on higher-speed roadways. Paved shoulders provide a space outside the outer lane stripe for bicycle travel. In addition to giving bicyclists a greater comfort level, paved shoulders can extend the service life of the roadway by reducing edge deterioration, can make roads more conducive to freight traffic and can serve as a refuge for distressed vehicles. The most basic type of on-street facility is the signed route, which guides bicyclists to the routes and connections most conducive for travel, while ultimately providing links to destination points.
On-Street Pedestrian Facilities Pedestrian linkages both in quality and quantity are an important part of transportation planning. Promoting alternative and intermodal forms of transportation requires improving pedestrian connectivity. The installation of sidewalks, pedestrian signaling, and other amenities will provide connectivity for pedestrians in addition to reducing short distance vehicle trips. On-street pedestrian facilities consist primarily of sidewalks. Sidewalks are typically suggested as a minimum width of five feet. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) also recommends a four to six foot buffer zone between a
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sidewalk and the adjacent roadway. In areas with heavy pedestrian traffic, a wider sidewalk may be preferred.
Multi-Use Paths and Greenways Multi-use paths can provide a high-quality bicycling and walking experience in an environment that is protected from motorized traffic because they are often constructed in their own corridor. Multi-use paths can be paved and should be a minimum of ten feet wide. If there are physical or right-of-way constraints in portions of the corridor, this width can be reduced to eight feet. These paths are, in effect, little roads and should be designed with clearance requirements, minimum radii, stopping sight distance requirements and other criteria just as roadways are designed. However, additional consideration may need to be given to amenities along these corridors.
Existing Conditions The 2035 FLATS LRTP provides descriptions of the existing bicycle, pedestrian, and multi-use facilities located within the FLATS area. Those facilities are summarized here, along with the additional facilities serving communities outside the FLATS area.
Bicycle Facilities The bicycle network in Florence County is limited. Less than four miles of wide outside lanes exist, and there are no striped bicycle lanes. While there were several on-street bicycle facilities recommended as a part of the FLATS 2004 Bikeway Master Plan, none have been implemented so far.
Pedestrian Facilities On-street pedestrian facilities are present to some degree in every municipality in Florence County. Most municipalities have a network of sidewalks that have been constructed to serve the central business district, as well as facilities in front of the majority of schools. However, many of these facilities do not yet connect with one another or to some of the key destination points in the county.
Multi-Use Paths Multi-use paths and greenways are important due to their ability to serve multiple roles functioning as safe passages for cyclists and pedestrians. When multi-use paths are intentionally connected with on-street bicycle and pedestrian facilities, they function as amenities for both recreational and commuting users. When multi-use paths, on-street bicycle and pedestrian facilities and public transportation are combined, they create an intermodal transportation opportunity.
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The City of Florence Trails System is composed of three distinct groupings of trails, each with its own identity and features. The Rail Trail Connections, the Urban Connections and the Freedom Florence Connections total more than 18 miles throughout the city. Each group of connecting trails or connections is shown in Figure 8-9. As an overall network, this system provides a robust set of connections linking many important destination points within the city. The FLATS 2004 Bikeway Master Plan identified a number of improvements to the trail system in this area. However, the only project that has been implemented is a portion of the Rail Trail Spur. The Rail Trail Spur is a 10-foot multi-use path. Although a high priority project for improving connectivity to important destinations, including West Florence High School, the length of new trail added to the current network has been minimal (less than 2.0 miles). The National Trails System Act, 16 USC 1246(d) (Trails Act), opened numerous opportunities throughout the United States to preserve rail corridors and encourage outdoor activities and fitness. In South Carolina, information about the majority of existing rail trails is published by the South Carolina State Trails Program and the Palmetto Conservation. The Florence Rail Trail is incorporated into the Palmetto Trail. The Palmetto Trail and other programs in place by the Palmetto Conservation are detailed on their website, www.palmettoconservation.org. The Towns of Pamplico and Timmonsville also have a trail system. The Town of Pamplico’s trail is located on both sides of 6th Avenue from Oak Street, northeast to Laverne Ard Town/County Park. The Town of Timmonsville’s trail extends from Pinckney Street to Foxworth Street along Main Street. This trail is a rails to trails conversion and has a host of amenities such as benches, swings and trash receptacles while also featuring attractive landscaping along the corridor.
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Figure 8-9 City of Florence Trail System
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Existing Policies and Programs The City of Florence, Florence County, FLATS and several other municipalities are engaged in some sort of bicycle and pedestrian planning. The City of Florence has bicycle police that provide law enforcement while serving as a positive example to those citizens interested in non-motorized travel. As a result of the multiple parties involved, policies being considered for establishment often affect more than one jurisdiction. Bicycle and pedestrian advocacy is also conducted by independent groups. Clubs such as Pedal Pack ride the roads of Florence County and advocate for people to get involved and for improvements to key facilities.
Future Projects Florence County’s existing bicycle and pedestrian network needs improvements to accommodate its citizens; not only those whose only form of transportation is bicycling or walking, but also those who desire to use non-motorized travel for recreational or commuting purposes. A combination of wayfinding, improved facilities, education and enforcement are all important elements of a successful future network as defined below.
Recommended Facilities The 2035 FLATS LRTP outlines a set of bicycle recommendations and example pedestrian improvements for the FLATS region. These recommendations can be found in Chapter 6 of that document. In general, the recommendations reflected both in that document as well as in this Transportation Element should complement and support the work done in the FLATS 2004 Bikeway Plan and the City of Florence Trails System. Figure 8-10 shows the recommended bicycle facilities and the pedestrian nodal areas that are discussed in this plan. This figure also shows destination points such as schools and libraries and their relation to recommended bicycle facilities. The City of Florence will continue to work towards improving the urban trail connectors as shown in Figure 8-10. These connections will link city parks to the developing arts and cultural community in downtown Florence. As the City of Florence develops new recreational facilities, such as the new tennis complex which is to be completed in spring of 2010, new walking trails will be put in place to serve them.
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Bicycle Network Recommendations for the bicycle network of Florence County should be evaluated from the standpoint of regional connectivity. On rural or lower-volume roads, it is typically unnecessary to stripe dedicated bicycle lanes. However, it is often beneficial to provide wider shoulder facilities (two to five feet) that bicyclists can use as a refuge or travel area. In addition to their benefits to bicyclists, these wider shoulders are also preferable on freight routes that could otherwise suffer from safety issues or pavement deterioration. The freight section of this document highlights the corridors recommended for freight improvements, which typically include widened shoulders among other improvements. When these routes coincide with bicycle routes, bicyclists can also benefit from these shoulder improvements. Florence County benefits from a reasonably well connected network of major and minor arterials. This plan recommends a series of signed routes on some of the minor arterials in the network. These roads typically have lower traffic volumes and are therefore more conducive to bicycle travel. Through this plan, a series of signed routes are recommended that will serve all of the municipalities in the county. The roadway portion of this plan recommends rural preservation efforts for Old River Road and SC 341. The recommended bicycle network is routed along both of these roads in an effort to make use of these rural preservation efforts. By routing bicycles on these roads, they will likely encounter fewer driveway cuts and lower traffic levels. Additionally, the aesthetic elements along these corridors will likely be more enjoyable than those along a major facility.
Pedestrian Network The 2035 FLATS LRTP provides a set of recommendations that help guide the process of improving key intersections and filling in the gaps in the pedestrian network. Additionally, this document details the destination points desirable by non-motorized users in the FLATS region. Beyond the FLATS area of Florence County, pedestrian improvements are equally vital. It is unrealistic to implement pedestrian facilities over large portions of the regional routes in the county. However, connections to destination points such as schools, parks and libraries within the more urbanized areas of the county will help better serve pedestrian mobility at a local level. It is also important to look at filling the gaps between the existing sidewalks in these areas in order to have a more consistent and usable network. Safety enhancements should also be considered for intersections that link residential areas with destination points. Recommendations for each municipality outside of the FLATS area are provided here. Coward At this time, there is a mid-block crossing of US 52 located near Hicks Road. This crossing is important to serve the town center and school traffic located on each side of the road. It is recommended that this crossing be enhanced to provide for a safer crossing location.
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Improvements that could be considered include a raised or plantable median refuge, high visibility crosswalks, flashing school zone signs, and static pedestrian crossing signs.
Johnsonville Johnsonville has improved the overall appearance of the crosswalks in their downtown by bricking the crosswalks at several intersections. In order to make these crosswalks visible during all light and weather conditions, the striping that edges each crosswalk needs to be improved. Reflective thermoplastic may be the best solution to improve the visibility of these crosswalks. Additionally, the pedestrian crossing at the intersection of Stuckey Street and Hampton Avenue needs to be reconfigured to reflect the new sidewalk. A new library has recently been constructed in Johnsonville across Georgetown Highway from the high school. At this time, there is no crossing opportunity delineated to serve the traffic that will likely travel between the two destinations. A safe crossing, potentially including a
grassy median or other type of pedestrian refuge, should be installed at this location. Lake City Lake City has several parks and schools near the city center that would benefit from enhanced connectivity. Pedestrian connections should be improved to the Lake City Community Park. Additionally, the J. Paul Truluck Middle School could benefit from exploring viable non-motorized travel options for students. While Lake City has crosswalks and pedestrian signals at several intersections, some areas need improvement. The intersection of US 52 and Morris Street has existing crosswalks that have become faded over time. The crosswalks at this intersection are recommended to be replaced with high-visibility crosswalk facilities. Also, pedestrian countdown signals would be beneficial in this location. This intersection is significant due to its proximity to the school and the skewed intersection configuration. Similar improvements are also recommended for US 52 at Main Street. Olanta For the most part, Olanta has a well-connected sidewalk network that links destination points such as the school and the library with the downtown center and neighboring retail. To enhance this connection, it is recommended that crosswalks be delineated at the intersection of US 301 and Main Street. Pamplico
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Pamplico has a fairly robust network of sidewalks to serve the destination points in the community. A new tennis facility is proposed in the Town that does not currently have a sidewalk connection. The existing sidewalk along Pamplico Highway should be extended to serve this facility. In addition, 6th Avenue, which connects to the Laverne Ard Park, should be resurfaced to improve shoulders for use by bicyclists and pedestrians. The widening of Pamplico Highway (SC 51) to a 4-lane divided roadway should include provisions for bicyclists and pedestrians. It also is recommended that crossing opportunities at the intersection of Pamplico Highway and Main Street be improved. This intersection is a five-
point junction that may cause confusion if the crossings are not clearly marked. Scranton US 52 serves as the main street through the Town of Scranton, with several municipal destination points located on opposite sides of the road. As a result, crossing opportunities should be enhanced at key locations throughout the town limits. The school serves children on each side of US 52 that could benefit from clear route opportunities, intersection enhancements and safety programs. Timmonsville The greenway that runs through the center of Timmonsville is one of the most attractive bicycle and pedestrian facilities in Florence County. This greenway currently connects the central business district to some of the residential areas. To better serve some of the additional neighborhoods in this area, the greenway should be extended east to Davenport Drive. The extension of the greenway should also be considered to the west to connect with Timmonsville High School and Johnson Middle School. In the long-term, it could be possible to connect this greenway to some of the facilities in Florence through the
rails to trails initiative. Some portions of US 76 in Timmonsville have sidewalk facilities. However, improvements to this sidewalk would provide connections to the library and the commercial areas that serve
as the commercial spine of the community.
Recommended Policies and Programs As a result of the 2004 Bikeway Master Plan, several policy items were recommended for application within the FLATS area. These policies also translate to the county as a whole: Incorporate bicycle facilities in transportation planning activities Design and build new and reconstructed roadways to be bicycle-friendly Encourage increased bicycle transportation ridership
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Promote safe bicycle travel Pursue a variety of funding options to implement bikeway projects From a pedestrian perspective, the policy recommendations are somewhat different. Pedestrian facilities should continue to be considered as a part of the overall design of streets. When considering where to add pedestrian facilities, the connections between residential areas and viable destination points should be a primary consideration. The Safe Routes to School initiative, a national transportation enhancement program, should be considered for use at selected schools that would benefit from enhanced pedestrian connections. The 2035 FLATS LRTP contains several different bicycle and pedestrian programs that could be considered to promote the use of non-motorized travel and the education of children and adults on the safe and responsible way to walk and bicycle. These programs include initiatives such as bicycle to work week, bicycle mentoring and Safe Routes to School. In addition to these programs, municipalities and local groups may consider programs such as bicycle rodeos, bicycle rideabouts, walking school buses and walk to school day to raise awareness and participation in bicycling and walking.
Multi-modal Linkages Through the evaluation of existing facilities and the development of future recommendations, the Transportation Element of the Florence County Comprehensive Plan attempts to consider the interaction between various transportation modes. This evaluation is documented most concisely through the complete streets section found in Appendix 8-B, which incorporates each travel mode into the roadway cross-section based on the expected context of the road. Many of the recommendations highlighted for the various travel modes have positive effects for other travel modes. For instance, shoulder improvements on designated freight routes also benefit bicyclists that desire to use these routes. Pedestrian improvements around key destination points served by transit improve access for both local and regional mobility. When a recommendation for improving the transportation network is considered for any travel mode, it is important to consider its benefits and drawbacks to other modes. The linkages between transportation modes are important to the overall viability of the transportation system. Similarly, the linkages between transportation and land use decisions must be considered together. The 2035 FLATS LRTP devotes an entire chapter to the integration of transportation and land use. This chapter identifies and evaluates two different focus areas in the FLATS region and assesses the existing and future transportation needs for these areas based on the land use development patterns that could occur. The focus area
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locations were selected based on feedback from city and county staff to ensure the landscape and expected development dynamics are representative of the types of development that may occur throughout the FLATS area. Both focus areas are located in Florence County. In addition to the analysis of these focus areas the 2035 FLATS LRTP examines character areas identified through a scenario planning exercise. These character areas are described in writing but also through visualization in order to most effectively communicate the characteristics of each. The Transportation Element of the Florence County Comprehensive Plan should consider not only the land use techniques and characteristics shown in the 2035 FLATS LRTP but also the land use strategies and recommendations developed in the Florence County Comprehensive Plan and the City of Florence Comprehensive Plan.
Other Transportation Infrastructure Transportation infrastructure consists of other forms in addition to highways, airports, railroads, and ports. Electric, gas and water pipelines also are important transportation infrastructure components. Santee Cooper, Progress Energy, Pee Dee Electric Cooperative and SCANA Corp. all serve the Florence area. These energy partners in the Pee Dee Region have large implications for economic development for Florence County. The City of Florence is Progress Energy’s regional headquarters. This company works with Florence County Economic Development Partnership and Florence County Progress to promote business investment and job growth. They also work with the North Eastern Strategic Alliance – a regional economic development organization for Florence and eight neighboring counties. Progress Energy partnered with Florence County and the private sector to develop the 194-acre Godley Morris Commerce Center in Lake City and construct a speculative building within the park. In addition to providing power, Pee Dee Electric Cooperative operates the Pee Dee Touchstone Energy Commerce City – a 705-acre, commercial and industrial park at I-95 and US 327. This industrial park represents an $11 million investment by the cooperative. The cooperative also provides scholarships to several students at Francis Marion University and Florence-Darlington Technical College. Columbia, SC-based SCANA, which owns South Carolina Electric & Gas, provides natural gas to Florence County residents in addition to transmitting, distributing and selling electricity to retail and wholesale customers. The City of Florence and other municipalities in the county maintain water and wastewater infrastructure for residents within and outside of its corporate limits. The City of Florence also manages a stormwater drainage system throughout the City of Florence.
Transportation Security Emphasizing security during the transportation planning process helps identify and implement ways to improve security and mitigate imminent threats. For the Transportation Element, this Florence County Comprehensive Plan Page 309
effort is tied closely to the 2035 FLATS LRTP. General strategies can be formulated at both the regional (FLATS) and county levels, and both entities can create multimodal recommendations that enhance security. Implementation likely will fall under the purview of local municipalities and the county. The basic element of a transportation system that emphasizes security is a safe, balanced and well-connected network of streets. In the FLATS region and throughout Florence County, key security considerations include the following topics:
Emergency Response and Fire Protection The Florence County Emergency Management Department is responsible for overall coordination of county, state and volunteer agencies before, during and after an emergency. This department produced the Florence County Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) in accordance with South Carolina Regulations. Emergency response and fire protection in Florence County include the following aspects: Florence County Emergency Medical Services (EMS) includes seven ambulance stations and one quick responder station arranged in medic districts throughout the county. Florence County EMS also supplements local rescue squads. Altogether, twelve fire departments and districts protect Florence County and its participating jurisdictions. Each organization is given an Insurance Service Organization (ISO) Rating or Public Protection Classification, which classifies the community’s fire- fighting capability. , Lake City and Johnsonville and the towns of Coward, Olanta, Pamplico, Scranton, Timmonsville and Quinby maintain a police force. In 2009, the City of Florence Police Department received a Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) grant to fund a new substation for the Florence area and three additional officers. The substation opened in August 2009 and is located at the corner of Dargan and Evans streets. Two Community Action Team officers from this location patrol the streets on foot while another officer patrols the area in an electric vehicle. The city has applied for another COPS grant to hire five additional police officers for other areas within the city. In addition to its typical services, the City of Florence Police Department also monitors and patrols the current trail network by scooter, all terrain vehicle and horseback. The City of Florence also is the home of special services units. These units include the Traffic Division, Canine/Warrant Team, Downtown/Bike Patrol Unit, Transportation Unit and Animal Control.
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Intelligent Transportation Systems Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) improve transportation safety and mobility and enhance productivity by integrating advanced communications technologies into the transportation infrastructure. Federal oversight of ITS is handled through the USDOT’s Research and Innovative Technology Administration. This program researches ways information and communication technologies can improve surface transportation safety and mobility and contribute to America’s economic growth. ITS applications focus on the infrastructure and vehicle as well as integrated applications between the two. Familiar ITS technologies include electronic toll collection, in-vehicle navigation systems, rear- end collision avoidance systems and dynamic message signs. Technology transfer also is a key element of the ITS program. Research findings and evaluations are published online; a National ITS Architecture and Standards program ensures that states and jurisdictions have the framework they need to deploy interoperable ITS systems; and training on the latest ITS applications is developed and delivered by the program. SCDOT strategically places traffic cameras on interstate highways for security and safety precautions. Images from these cameras are available on the SCDOT website to allow users to view traffic. Figure 8-11 shows the identification number and location of seven traffic cameras in the Florence County area on I-95: (201) I-95 & I-20 (202) I-95 and S-193 (Sumter Street Ext) (203) I-95 and US 52 (204) I-95 and S-63 (Mechanicsville Road) (205) I-95 and S-179 (McIver Road) (206) I-95 and S-26 (TV Road) (207) I-95 and SC 327 (Williston Road)
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Figure 8-11 Traffic Cameras in Florence
Source: www.scdot.org
Automated Enforcement A security feature that could enhance security is automated enforcement. Automated enforcement refers to the use of technology to enforce traffic safety laws. Most automated enforcement programs are for red light violations. However, the use of automated enforcement of speed limits is increasing, and a few jurisdictions use automated enforcement for other violations such as failing to pay a toll and disobeying a railroad crossing signal. Laws vary from state to state where some authorize enforcement statewide; others permit use only in specified communities. An example of automated enforcement would be red light cameras which are triggered when a vehicle enters an intersection after the light has been red for a predetermined time. A nationwide study of fatal crashes at traffic signals in 1999 and 2000 estimated that 20 percent of the drivers involved failed to obey the signals. In 2007, nearly 900 people were killed and an estimated 153,000 were injured in crashes that involved red light running. About half of the deaths in red light running crashes are pedestrians and occupants in other vehicles who are hit by the red light runners.
Hazardous Materials Florence County roadways are utilized to transport hazardous material. The Florence County Emergency Management Department completed a hazardous materials commodity flow study in July 2009. The hazardous material transported via roadway most frequently through
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Florence County was gasoline, accounting for 18% of surveyed shipments of hazardous materials. The interstate highways carry nearly 90% of the hazardous materials transported through the county. In comparing the 2009 and 1999 survey, the percentage of trucks transporting hazardous materials through Florence County has increased by approximately 2.1% over the last 10 years. The Strategic Highway Network (STRAHNET) system of public highways provides access, continuity and emergency transportation of personnel and equipment in times of peace and war. The 61,000-mile system, designated by the FHWA in partnership with the Department of Defense (DOD) comprises of approximately 45,400 miles of interstate and defense highways and 15,600 miles of other public highways. STRAHNET is complemented by approximately 1,700 miles of connectors or additional highway routes linking more than 200 military installations and ports to the network. In addition to the county’s interstate highways, US 76 in Florence County is identified as a non-interstate STRAHNET.
Evacuation Routes / Natural Disasters Natural emergencies such as earthquakes, hurricanes and tropical storms present the need for an efficient roadway network. Fortunately, Florence County has not had the challenges that many other counties in South Carolina have had with these natural disasters. Although Florence County is outside the evacuation area, coastal evacuation may still affect Florence County’s roadway network because the county contains designated evacuation routes and shelters. Figure 8-12 illustrates the hurricane evacuation routes that would affect Florence County and the shelters available in this area. According to the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR), approximately 70 percent of the earthquakes in South Carolina occur in the Coastal Plain and most are clustered around three areas west and north of Charleston: Ravenel-Adams Run-Hollywood, Middleton Place-Summerville and Bowman. In regards to hurricanes and tropical storms, according to the South Carolina Emergency Management Division (SCEMD), South Carolina is one of the most vulnerable states in the nation. Six of the state’s counties have coastlines along the Atlantic Ocean.
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Freight Considerations In order to maintain safe highways, the South Carolina Truck Weight Law (SC Code: 56-5-4130 and 4160) allows for 20,000 lbs. single axle, plus 10% tolerance (22,000 lbs.) on all roads except interstates. There is no tolerance on interstates. SC Code: 56-5-4140 explains the statutory limits on the gross weight of a vehicle or combination of vehicles, operated or moved upon any interstate, highway or section of highway. These limits are divided into seven categories depending on a single or combination of vehicles and the number of axles. New Homeland Security measures stress new technology for freight tracking as well as personnel and cargo security. These technologies are vital for maintaining a secure supply chain and the safety of the citizens.
Transit Considerations The FTA requires PDRTA to spend a minimum of 1% of all federal dollars received on security, though PDRTA typically exceeds this requirement. In the last year, PDRTA has added new security cameras and systems at all three of their facilities as well as real time GPS tracking on all of their revenue service and maintenance vehicles and have system-wide cellular phones permanently mounted in all vehicles. Automated fare boxes are now on all fixed-route transit vehicles alleviating the drivers’ need to handle cash. Fare cards are available, which offer the same safety features. PDRTA’s newer buses have interior advertising space which will be used to put up safety and security notices about suspicious packages and other suspect activity on buses and how to report it. PDRTA is considering bus security cameras for the current fixed bus routes. If feasible, these will be added to their next federal grant. In October 2009, PDRTA contracted for vehicle scheduling and dispatching software, maintenance software and automatic vehicle location (AVL). This AVL system has a “panic button” that the driver can use to alert police in the event of an emergency.
Air Travel Considerations All airports are required to follow the National Transportation Security Guidelines to ensure the safety of their passengers. These guidelines can be viewed at the Transportation Security Administration website (www.tsa.gov/travelers/index.shtm.)
Rail Considerations According to 2008 data collected for the hazardous materials commodity flow study, 12,378 carloads of hazardous material shipped through Florence County. In comparison with the 1998 study, this data shows the total number of shipments of hazardous materials through Florence County has increased by 1.4% annually. The Railroads and Highways for National Defense program, with the support of the USDOT, ensures the nation’s rail and highway infrastructure can support defense emergencies. The Strategic Rail Corridor Network (STRACNET) consists of 38,800 miles of rail lines important to
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national defense and provides service to defense installations whose mission requires rail service. While mass transit systems in this country are owned and operated by state and local government and private industry, securing these systems is a shared responsibility between federal, state and local partners. Since the terrorist attacks of September 11th, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has provided significant resources to bolster these security efforts.
Transportation Funding Sources With increasing development, roadways in Florence County have experienced worsening congestion especially during peak commuting hours. In addition, traditional grid-based street network gave way to new development patterns that limit multi-modal travel opportunities. Today, numerous entities focus on transportation issues and needs of Florence County: South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT): Safety improvements, maintenance of highways and distribution of federal funds Florence Area Transportation Study (FLATS): Urban area surface street planning and prioritization of projects based on a LRTP Florence County Transportation Committee (CTC): Utilizing gas tax funds to maintain county roadways City of Florence: Maintenance funds and development integration Florence County: Capital projects sales tax and road system maintenance fee (RSMF)
Existing Funding Sources
State and Federal Funding The Federal Transportation Improvement Plan (TIP) is a 6-year financial program that describes the schedule for obligating federal funds to state and local projects. The TIP contains funding information for all modes of transportation including highways as well as transit capital and operating costs. State, regional and local transportation agencies update the program each year to reflect priority projects. While estimated completion dates are given for projects in the plan, it should be noted that the TIP is not a capital improvement program. The TIP represents an agency's intent to construct or implement a specific project and the anticipated flow of federal funds and matching state or local contributions. The TIP serves as a schedule of accountability to the FHWA and FTA. Their annual review and certification of the TIP ensures the continuation of federal financial assistance for transportation improvements. The 2010-2015 TIP for FLATS includes approximately $240 million in projects. These projects include resurfacing or rehabilitation, safety upgrades, mass transit operating funds and capacity improvements. The Florence County capital projects sales tax program comprises of $222 million of the total funding amount in the TIP for this period.
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Federal funds available to Florence County have increased over the past 15 years. A large increase in federal funds occurred under the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21), the 1998 federally legislated transportation funding bill. This, along with an aggressive bonding initiative (known as the “27 in 7” program), allowed counties in South Carolina to accelerate the federal highway program between 1999 and 2006. In 2005, Congress enacted SAFETEA-LU, which provided a modest funding increase for South Carolina. The next transportation reauthorization act (SAFETEA-LU’s replacement) is planned for 2010 or 2011. Due to weakened fuel tax revenues, Congress will be faced with a significant challenge to fund the nation’s highways. In 2009, federal stimulus funds became available and projects were chosen at the state level for county resurfacing projects, sidewalk improvements, interstate maintenance and bridge construction and replacement. Projects were chosen for Florence County in all categories with the exception of bridge construction and replacement. The state highway user fee, more commonly known as the fuel tax, is collected at the rate of 16 cents per gallon of gas. The motor fuel user fee has been maintained at this level since 1987. Across the southeastern region, 51% of state source highway funding is derived from sources other than fuel user fees such as sales tax on vehicles and general sales taxes. The federal government imposes the 18 cents per gallon fuel user fee across the United States. These federal funds are limited in how they can be used and must be used on roads that contribute significantly toward interstate commerce. These funds cannot be used for routine maintenance. Each state is required to match federal highway funds with state or local funds.
FLATS Funding FLATS receives federal funds for transportation related projects for the FLATS area. The FLATS area consists of the northwestern portion of Florence County, extending into a small portion of Darlington County, the City of Florence and outlying area including the Town of Quinby. The FLATS boundary is shown in the maps throughout the Transportation Element. Transportation related projects funded by federal dollars for the FLATS area must be considered and approved by the FLATS Policy Committee. The FLATS Policy Committee consists of representatives from the State Legislature, South Carolina Highway Commission, Florence County Council, City of Florence Council and the Florence CTC as well as the Mayors of the City of Florence and the Town of Quinby. All transportation related projects, presented to the FLATS Policy Committee are first examined by the FLATS Study Team for recommendation. The FLATS Study Team consists of technical representatives from various agencies and departments in the area. Projects approved by the FLATS Policy Committee are then presented to SCDOT for final approval. The approved projects must be listed in the FLATS TIP, which is updated on an annual basis. In addition, these projects are listed in the STIP.
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Pee Dee Council of Governments Funding The Pee Dee Council of Governments (PDCOG) receives federal money for highway improvement projects outside the FLATS area for Florence County. Like FLATS, the PDCOG is required to have a LRTP, with all projects listed in their TIP and ultimately the STIP. The majority of funds available to the PDCOG are currently being applied towards their debt service for highway projects completed as a result of the “27 in 7” bonding initiative as mentioned above. The PDCOG recently approved widening five miles of US 52 north of Darlington.
Funding within Florence County The Florence County Transportation Committee (CTC) is an independent body appointed by the state legislative delegation which receives gas tax maintenance funds (also known as C-funds) for highway improvement and resurfacing projects. The CTC receives 2.66 cents on every gallon of gas purchased in Florence County, currently amounting to approximately $160,000 per month. The CTC funds are used on all Florence County roads including roads within municipalities. A minimum of 25% of the monthly funds are required to be used on state roads. Florence County collects road system maintenance fee (RSMF) funds which are designated and appropriated by Florence County Council.
Transit Funding PDRTA receives federal funds through FTA programs. As authorized by SAFETEA-LU, FTA provides stewardship of combined formula and grant programs totaling more than $10 billion to support a variety of locally planned, constructed and operated public transportation systems throughout the United States. Transportation systems typically include a wide variety of modes including buses, subways and light rail. Federal funds awarded to PDRTA are listed in the FLATS TIP. Providing planning assistance to PDRTA helps the efficiency of the current transportation network by potentially removing future traffic volumes from the roadway. FLATS maintains this assistance by providing map books to PDRTA and continuously updating demographic information.
Rail Funding The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has provided roughly $18 billion in awards to state and local governments for programs and equipment that help to manage security. Through the Transit Security Grants Program, DHS has provided $374.7 million to date to 60 of the country’s rail, mass transit, ferry and intra-city bus systems in 25 states and the District of Columbia. In addition to this funding, states and localities, meeting certain conditions, can apply for other Homeland Security grant programs and Urban Area Security Initiative funds for rail security projects and initiatives.
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Airport Funding The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is an agency of the USDOT with authority to regulate and oversee all aspects of civil aviation in the United States. Federal grant funds or federal property transfers for airport purposes are obtained through the FAA. The FAA enforces certain obligations to fund recipients through its Airport Compliance Program.
Alternative Funding Sources State revenues alone will not sufficiently fund a systematic program to construct transportation projects in Florence County. Therefore, the county must consider alternative funding measures that could allow for the implementation of this plan. One alternative funding measure, a capital projects sales tax, has already been voted into place by Florence County citizens. Alternative funding measures being considered and applied in other areas are included here.
Impact Fees Developer impact fees and system development charges provide another funding option for communities looking for ways to fund collector streets and associated infrastructure. These funds are most commonly used for water and wastewater system connections or police and fire protection services, but recently they have been used to fund school systems and pay for the impacts of increased traffic on existing roads. Impact fees place the costs of new development directly on developers and indirectly on those who buy property in the new developments. Impact fees free other taxpayers from the obligation to fund costly new public services that do not directly benefit them. A few communities in South Carolina have approved the use of impact fees (e.g., Berkeley County, Summerville). The use of impact fees requires special authorization by the South Carolina General Assembly.
Transportation Bonds Transportation bonds have been instrumental in the strategic implementation of local roadways and non-motorized travel throughout South Carolina. Voters in communities both large and small regularly approve the use of bonds in order to improve their transportation system. Projects that historically have been funded through transportation bonds include sidewalks, road extensions, new road construction and streetscape enhancements Developer Contributions Through diligent planning and early project identification, regulations, policies and procedures could be developed to protect future arterial corridors and require contributions from developers. These measures would reduce the cost of right-of-way purchases and would in some cases require the developer to make improvements to the roadway that would result in lower construction costs. To accomplish this goal, it takes a cooperative effort between local and SCDOT planning staff and the development community.
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New local development can often burden collector streets with increased traffic, requiring lane improvements or widening. New development ventures should be encouraged to fund an equitable portion of these improvements based on their impacts to the local traffic network.
Oversize Agreement An oversize agreement provides cost sharing between the county and a developer to compensate a developer for constructing a collector street instead of a local street. For example, instead of a developer constructing a 28-foot back-to-back local street, additional funding would be provided by the locality to upgrade the particular cross-section to a 34-foot back-to-back cross section to accommodate bike lanes.
Grant Anticipation Revenue Vehicles Bonds Grant Anticipation Revenue Vehicles (GARVEE) bonds can be utilized by a community to implement a desired project more quickly than if they waited to receive state or federal funds. These bonds are let with the anticipation that federal or state funding will be forthcoming. In this manner, the community pays for the project up front, and then receives debt service from the state. GARVEE bonds also are an excellent way to capitalize on lower present-day construction and design costs, thereby finishing a project more quickly and economically than if it was delayed to meet state timelines.
Safe Routes to School Safe Routes to School is a program receiving funding through the federal SAFETEA-LU legislation. The program provides funding for individual schools to create route plans or develop facilities that create a safer walking and biking environment for their students. South Carolina has an annual application program for which any school, school district, municipality or other governmental body or non-profit association may apply.
Bicycle and Pedestrian Funding Bicycle and pedestrian projects often have dedicated funding sources. For instance, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation funds a grant program called Active Living by Design. The purpose of this program is to provide communities with a small grant to study bicycle, pedestrian or other healthy living initiatives. Other funding sources that can or have been used to enhance the existing bicycle and pedestrian network within Florence County include the South Carolina Parks, Recreation and Trails grants, Recreation Land Trust grants, City of Florence Hospitality Fund, City of Florence General Fund and private donations.
Aesthetic Enhancement Funding In order to create a more pleasing transportation system, small aesthetic improvements often have a large impact. SCDOT has two formal programs to help provide an avenue for community involvement in the transportation system. The Adopt-A-Highway program allows individuals or groups to help maintain a part of the highway system. SCDOT’s Adopt-An-Interchange program
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provides funding towards landscaping and beautifying an interchange with a 20% local match. This initiative is a part of the state’s enhancement funding program.
Enhancement Grants State and federal grants can play an important role in implementing strategic elements of the transportation network. The Enhancement Grant program, established by Congress in 1991 through the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA), ensures the implementation of projects not typically associated with the road-building mindset. This grant targets the construction of bicycle and pedestrian facilities. Enhancement funding has already played an important role in enhancing the pedestrian safety and connectivity in Florence County. Approximately $700,000 of FLATS enhancement funding was utilized to begin the rail trail in the City of Florence. Potential enhancement projects follow the standard FLATS Study Team recommendation and Policy Committee approval to submit to SCDOT. Projects approved by SCDOT for these funds require a government entity as the applicant and a 20% match in funding. In the current 2010-2015 TIP for Florence County, no enhancement projects have yet been identified. For additional information on alternative funding strategies, please see the following websites: GARVEE Bonds o www.fhwa.dot.gov/innovativeFinance/garguid1.htm Safe Routes to School o www.saferoutesinfo.org/ www.scdot.org/community/saferoutes.shtml Bicycle and Pedestrian Funding o www.activelivingbydesign.org/ o www.walkinginfo.org/funding/sources.cfm Adopt-A-Highway o www.scdot.org/community/adoptahiway.shtml Adopt-An-Interchange o www.scdot.org/community/tep_inter.shtml Enhancement Grants o www.scdot.org/community/tep_app.shtml
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Goals and Implementation Strategies The South Carolina Priority Investment Act recognizes the importance of generating a coordinated set of transportation and land use decisions as part of a comprehensive plan. For this planning process to be effective, the recommendations in each section build on a common vision and share complementary goals. A set of goals and objectives has been identified for the Transportation Element of the Florence County Comprehensive Plan through coordination with the Planning Commission and county staff. These goals not only reflect the multi-modal nature of the planning element but also focus on the integration with land use and environmental considerations. Each objective includes a set of implementation strategies, taking recommendations and strategies proposed in the element and relating them back to the advancement of the overall goals of the plan. These goals, objectives and implementation strategies are shown in Table 111. Implementation is the key to success for any planning process. The Transportation Element of the Florence County Comprehensive Plan should be used as a tool for working with SCDOT, FHWA, FLATS and Florence County municipalities on future improvements. It will provide decision-makers an implementation blueprint that enables them to track progress and schedule future improvements. Ultimately, continued collaboration between state, local agencies and the general public will provide more opportunities to foster a safe, aesthetically-pleasing and well-balanced multi-modal transportation system that will continue to make Florence County an attractive place to live and work. Policy recommendations will not incur additional expense and should be completed in the short-term based on availability of staff. Often, these policy changes will be an iterative process involving staff, resource agencies and elected and/or appointed officials. A detailed implementation and action plan for the policy, program and infrastructure recommendations for FLATS can be found in the 2035 FLATS LRTP. Table 111 Goals and Implementation Strategies
GOAL 1 – A safe, well connected roadway network Objective — Develop and maintain a roadway network that safely and efficiently accommodates vehicular traffic at acceptable levels of service, while supporting sound growth and economic development. Look for increased connectivity between businesses and neighborhoods. Investigate implementing complete streets concepts in roadway improvements. Improve access management (limiting curb cuts on major roads and intersections). Objective — Develop, adopt and implement a Collector Street Plan to ensure optimal efficiency and enhanced connectivity of the local street system. Determine spacing standards for collector streets in different land use contexts. Integrate collector street provisions into development standards and guidelines. Objective — Continue to model expected travel on roadways.
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Institute scenario planning modeling and testing. Model effects of public and private planning initiatives on transportation network. Objective — Improve automated enforcement and information delivery. Increase the use of Intelligent Transportation Systems on arterial roads. Improve arterial road signal timing and corridor coordination. GOAL 2 – A balanced, multi-modal transportation network Objective — Develop a safe, comprehensive pedestrian and bicycle network. Improve and increase the use of bicycle Share the Road signage. Reduce the speed of motor vehicles in high-traffic bicycle and pedestrian areas. Reduce pedestrian risks at street crossing locations. Provide sidewalks and walkways separated from motor vehicle traffic. Improve awareness of and visibility between motor vehicles and pedestrians. Improve and expand youth and adult education courses for pedestrian, bicycle and motorist safety. Support the use of multi-use paths and greenways in new commercial and residential construction. Objective — Identify missing links in the sidewalk network. Develop priority sidewalk construction lists for all municipalities in Florence County. Work with municipalities and SCDOT to encourage sidewalk construction. Objective — Continue to support and assist local transit agency. Work with local businesses, social service departments and YMCAs to distribute transit information at their locations in an effort to better dispense transit information to the target market. Research ways to increase trip frequency and ridership. Encourage the availability and use of multi-modal transportation alternatives. GOAL 3 – An integrated approach to land use and transportation planning Objective — Modify subdivision and commercial development standards and regulations to support an integrated transportation system that incorporates effective spacing and connectivity of collector streets and adequate connectivity of the local street system. Work with member jurisdictions to apply collector street and connectivity standards throughout Florence County. If needed, educate developers on the benefits of connected development standards. Objective — Strengthen existing development standards and regulations to improve transportation network efficiency and coordinate transportation and land use planning. Manage growth and land use transportation relationships in ways that contribute to reduced air pollution, including ozone, carbon monoxide and particulate matter and retain Florence
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County’s air quality “attainment” status for all National Ambient Air Quality Standard pollutants. Review urban growth boundaries. GOAL 4 – A proactive approach to funding and implementation Objective — Ensure adequate funding for construction and maintenance of bicycle facilities, sidewalks and trails as critical components of the transportation system. Leverage state and federal grant funds to supplement county resources wherever possible. Ensure close coordination between transportation and parks and recreation plans, both at the county level and within member jurisdictions. Objective — Develop and apply funding mechanisms and growth management tools that will prevent over-congested roads, reduce air pollution and ease burdens on taxpayers to pay for roadway improvements necessitated by growth. Maximize effectiveness of transportation projects selected through FLATS and Florence County capital projects sales tax program. Investigate the benefits and drawbacks of proposing an extension to the sales tax program through voter referendum. Objective — Require appropriate developer contributions to defray public costs of road capacity improvements necessitated by new development. Investigate the viability of mechanisms to collect developer contributions such as transportation impact fees, fund banking and oversize agreements. Objective — Encourage coordination of policies and support joining initiatives with SCDOT, FLATS, local and neighboring municipalities, the PDCOG, the CTC, non-profit service providers and other agencies as appropriate, to address transportation issues of shared concern and to maximize the collective benefits of transportation projects. Establish Florence County, FLATS or other entity as the agency responsible for maintaining a database of project needs for all member jurisdictions. Identify projects in Florence County, FLATS and member jurisdictions’ planning efforts that could benefit from enhanced interagency coordination.
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Appendix 8-A
Common Abbreviations AADT – Annual Average Daily Traffic AAR – Association of American Railroads AASHTO – American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ADA – Americans with Disabilities Act ADT – Annual Daily Traffic ARRA – American Recovery and Reinvestment Act AVL- Automatic Vehicle Locator COPA COPS – Community Oriented Policing Services CTC – County Transportation Committee DHS – Department of Homeland Security EMS – Emergency Medical Services EOP – Emergency Operations Plan EPDO – Equivalent Property Damage Only FAA – Federal Aviation Administration FHWA – Federal Highway Administration FLATS - Florence Area Transportation Study FTA – Federal Transit Administration GARVEE – Grant Anticipation Revenue Vehicles GIS – Geographic Information System GPS – Global Positioning System HUD – U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development ISO – Insurance Service Organization ISTEA – Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act ITS – Intelligent Transportation System JARC – Job Access and Reverse Commute Program LOS – Level of Service LRTP – Long Range Transportation Plan N.O.S. – Not Otherwise Specified
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PCA – Personal Care Attendant PDCOG – Pee Dee Council of Governments PDO – Property Damage Only PDRAA – Pee Dee Regional Airport Authority PDRTA – Pee Dee Regional Transportation Authority SAFETEA-LU – Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users SCDNR – South Carolina Department of Natural Resources SCDOT – South Carolina Department of Transportation SCEMD – South Carolina Emergency Management Division SCRF – South Carolina Central Railroad SIB – State Infrastructure Bank STIP – State Transportation Improvement Plan STRACNET – Strategic Rail Corridor Network STRAHNET – Strategic Highway Network TEA-21 – Transportation Equity Act TIP – Transportation Improvement Plan TSA – Transportation Security Administration UMI – Urban Markets Initiative USDOT – U. S. Department of Transportation V/C – Volume-to-Capacity VPD – Vehicles Per Day
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Appendix 8-B
Roadway Functional Classifications Interstate or Freeways: Divided highways usually having two or more lanes in each direction, with full control of access. Preference is given to through traffic and at-grade access connections with public roads are prohibited. Connected driveways are also prohibited. (Example Facilities: I-95 & I-20) Arterial streets: Arterials are the highest order of inter-regional streets. They are designed to carry relatively high traffic volumes. The function of arterials is to promote the free flow of traffic. Therefore, parking and direct residential access are usually not available. Collector streets feed arterials, and arterials feed regional roads such as expressways and freeways. Average daily traffic (ADT) for arterials is approximately 3,000—5,000+ vehicles per day (vpd). (Example Facilities: US 52, SC 51/Pamplico Highway, Second Loop Road) Collector streets (commercial): Commercial collectors are the highest order of commercial streets. Collectors typically provide less overall mobility, operate at lower speeds (less than 35 mph), have more frequent and greater access flexibility with adjacent land uses, and serve shorter distance travel than arterials. These facilities distribute traffic between lower-order commercial streets and higher-order streets such as arterials. Average daily traffic (ADT) for commercial collector streets is approximately 3,000—5,000 vehicles per day (vpd). Collector streets (residential): Residential collectors are the highest order of residential streets. Collectors typically provide less overall mobility, operate at lower speeds (less than 35 mph), have more frequent and greater access flexibility with adjacent land uses, and serve shorter distance travel than arterials. These facilities collect and distribute traffic from local residential roadways, such as minor streets or cul-de-sacs, to the arterial street network. They are designed to carry higher volumes of traffic, such as arterials and other major streets. The function of residential collectors is to promote free traffic flow. Therefore, direct access to homes from this level of street should be avoided. Average daily traffic (ADT) for residential collector streets is approximately 2,000—5,000 vehicles per day (vpd). Local streets (sub-collector streets): These middle-order facilities are located in subdivisions and neighborhoods and primarily serve abutting land uses. Traffic volumes are typically moderate, with motorists having origin or destination within the immediate neighborhood. These streets feed into collector streets, which then feed into arterials. Average daily traffic (ADT) is approximately 1,000—2,000 vehicles per day (vpd).
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Appendix 8-C
Level of Service (LOS) Descriptions LOS A or B (well below capacity, V/C less than 0.6) – Roadways operating with a V/C ratio less than 0.6 operate at optimal efficiency with no congestion during peak travel periods. These levels of service most frequently occur on rural or local streets. During LOS A conditions, traffic flows at or above the posted speed limit and all motorists have complete mobility between lanes. In LOS B conditions there are minor impacts to maneuverability, such as two motorists driving side by side, thereby limiting lane changes. LOS C (approaching capacity, V/C 0.6 to 0.8) – As the V/C nears 0.8, the roadway becomes more congested. These roadways operate effectively during non-peak hours but may be congested during morning and evening peak travel periods. At LOS C most experienced drivers are comfortable, roads remain safely below but efficiently close to capacity, and posted speed is maintained. LOS D (at capacity, V/C 0.8 to 1.0) – Roadways operating at capacity are somewhat congested during non-peak periods, with congestion building during peak periods. A change in capacity due to incidents impacts the travel flow on corridors operating within this V/C range. LOS D is perhaps the level of service of a busy shopping corridor in the middle of a weekday, or a functional urban highway during commuting hours. In busier urban areas this level of service is sometimes the goal for peak hours, as attaining LOS C would require a prohibitive cost in bypass roads and lane additions. LOS E (slightly over capacity, V/C 1.0 to 1.2) – Roadways operating with V/C ratios between 1.0 and 1.2 experience heavy congestion during peak periods and moderate congestion during non-peak periods. Flow becomes irregular and speed varies rapidly, but rarely reaches the posted limit. Changes in capacity can have major impacts on corridors and may create gridlock conditions. LOS F (well over capacity, V/C greater than 1.2) – Roadways in this category represent the most congested corridors in the study area. These roadways are congested during non-peak hours and most likely operate in stop-and-go gridlock conditions during the morning and evening peak travel periods.
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Appendix 8-D
Complete Streets “Complete streets” describes the transformation of vehicle-dominated thoroughfares to community-oriented streets with safe, convenient accommodations for all modes of travel. Complete streets can be applied throughout the urban and suburban areas of Florence County. Based on feedback received during public outreach efforts a network of complete streets is desired. People often point to speeding motorists, unsafe and unpleasant conditions for pedestrians and bicyclists and the lack of transit amenities as reasons complete streets are needed. Complete street efforts for Florence County include recommendations for other modes in the Transportation Element. These efforts include access management strategies, bicycle and pedestrian recommendations, transit solutions and enhanced connectivity of the roadway network. The ideal complete street accommodates every travel mode – pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists and transit riders of all ages and abilities. These streets give citizens choices and are designed and operated so they work for all users. When residents have the opportunity to walk, bike, or take transit, they have more control over their transportation expenses. Instituting a complete streets policy ensures that transportation planners and engineers consistently design and operate the entire roadway for a diversity of users. Transforming arterials into complete streets is complicated and requires a diverse skill set and broad community support. Fortunately, other metropolitan areas have demonstrated success stories that have been translated into guiding documents. The most detailed guidance comes from a joint effort of the Institute of Transportation Engineers and Congress for the New Urbanism. With funding from the USDOT and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, best practices have been published as “Context-Sensitive Solutions in Designing Major Urban Thoroughfares for Walkable Communities.” Successful complete street transformations require community support and leadership as well as coordination between various disciplines. Common goals for complete streets are economic revitalization, business retention and expansion, and public safety. Typical skill sets needed to retrofit complete streets include urban planning, urban design, landscape architecture, roadway design, utility coordination, traffic engineering, transportation planning, transit planning, architecture, graphic art and land redevelopment.
Elements of a Complete Street A complete street includes four distinct street realms that foster interaction between different modes of travel and adjacent land uses. The four basic zones or realms are the context, pedestrian, travelway, and
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intersection realms. The context realm of a complete street is defined by the buildings that frame the major roadway. Identifying distinct qualities of the context realm requires focusing on four areas: building form and massing, architectural elements, transit integration, and site design. Consideration should be given to all of these with modifications as appropriate to fit the specific context of the area. The pedestrian realm of a complete street extends between the outside edge of the sidewalk and the face-of-curb located along the street. Safety and mobility for pedestrians within this realm relies on the presence of continuous sidewalks along both sides of the street built to a sufficient width for accommodating the street’s needs as defined by the environment. For example, suburban settings will require different widths than downtown settings. The quality of the pedestrian realm also is greatly enhanced by the presence of high-quality buffers between pedestrians and moving traffic, safe and convenient opportunities to cross the street, and consideration for shade and lighting needs. Design elements that promote a healthy pedestrian realm generally focus on pedestrian mobility, quality buffers, vertical elements, and public open space. The travelway realm is defined by the edge of pavement or curb line that traditionally accommodates the travel or parking lanes needed to provide mobility for bicycles, transit, and automobiles sharing the transportation corridor. Recommended design elements incorporated into the travelway realm attempt to achieve greater balance between travel modes sharing the corridor and favor design solutions that promote human scale for the street and minimize pedestrian crossing distance. Recommendations for the travelway realm focus on two areas of consideration: modes of travel and medians. Evaluating potential changes for the intersection realm of a street requires careful consideration of the concerns of multiple travel modes that could meet at major intersections within the transportation system. Recommendations for improving the multimodal environment in and around these major intersections focus on two areas of the facility: operations and geometric design. As a whole, these elements determine how the built environment and the different ways people travel directly influence the livability of a corridor. The Transportation Element of the Florence County Comprehensive Plan includes a series of illustrative cross sections depicting different street types that should exist throughout the county.
Recommended Cross Sections The following pages illustrate proposed typical cross-sections for Florence County roadways. The cross sections reflect the concept of complete streets that provide safe and convenient travel for all modes. To create a transportation network that respects the needs of pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorists, certain elements may require designs different from the current norm.
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Right-of-way for the recommended cross sections ranges from less than 50 feet for a two-lane collector to nearly 100 feet for a four-lane divided principal arterial. Within the right-of-way, the sidewalks and landscaping strips typically are wider than presently found in Florence County. As a result, careful evaluation of these recommendations by agencies initiating roadway projects is anticipated. Table 8-2 summarizes the elements of street typology, the multi-modal building blocks that form a complete street, for the cross sections as well as local streets not illustrated. A few of the illustrative cross sections include dedicated bicycle facilities. The type of bicycle facility for these corridors should be determined on a case-by-case basis after considering the surrounding land uses and anticipated skill level of bicyclists on the corridors.
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Table 112 Elements of Street Typology
Roadway Access/ Travel Center Bicycle Pedestrian Roadway
Context Mobility Lanes Treatment Facilities Facilities Capacity Principal Arterials 4-Lane Divided Urban/ High 2 - 14’ 14’ planted 14’ wide 5’ sidewalks, 28,000 to w/ Wide Outside Lanes Suburban mobility 2 - 12’ median outside lanes both sides 40,000 vpd 96’ Right-of-Way (1’ curb/gutter) 76’ Roadway Width 4-Lane Divided w/ Bike Lanes Urban/ High 4 - 12’ 14’ planted 4’ bike lanes, 5’ sidewalks, 28,000 to 96’ Right-of-Way Suburban mobility median both sides both sides 40,000 vpd 76’ Roadway Width (1’ curb/gutter) 5-Lane w/ Wide Outside Lanes Urban/ High 2 - 14’ 12’ two-way 14’ wide 5’ sidewalks, 28,000 to 88’ Right-of-Way Suburban mobility 2 - 12’ left-turn lane outside lanes both sides 40,000 vpd 68’ Roadway Width Minor Arterials 4-Lane Divided w/ Multi-Use Path Urban/ Moderate 4 - 12’ 14’ planted 10’ multi-use 10’ multi-use 28,000 to 88’ Right-of-Way Suburban mobility median path, one side path, one 40,000 vpd 68’ Roadway Width (1’ curb/gutter) side 2-Lane Divided Urban Moderate 2 - 12’ 12’ planted Use travel 5’ sidewalks, 12,000 to w/ 8’ Parallel Parking access/ median lane both sides 20,000 vpd 78’ Right-of-Way Moderate (1’ curb/gutter) 58’ Roadway Width mobility 3-Lane Suburban High access/ 2 - 14’ 12’ two-way 14’ wide 5’ sidewalks, 12,000 to 64’ Right-of-Way Moderate left-turn lane outside lanes both sides 20,000 vpd 44’ Roadway Width mobility Collectors 2-Lane Divided w/ Bike Lanes Suburban Moderate 2 - 12’ 12’ planted 4’ bike lanes, 5’ sidewalks, 12,000 to 70’ Right-of-Way access/ median both sides both sides 20,000 vpd 50’ Roadway Width Moderate (1’ curb/gutter) mobility 2-Lane w/ Bike Lanes Urban/ High access/ 2 - 12’ None 4’ bike lanes, 5’ sidewalks, 9,000 to 56’ Right-of-Way Suburban Moderate both sides both sides 14,000 vpd 36’ Roadway Width mobility 2-Lane w/ Wide Outside Lanes Urban/ High access/ 2 - 14’ None 14’ wide 5’ sidewalks, 9,000 to 56’ Right-of-Way Suburban Moderate outside lanes both sides 14,000 vpd 36’ Roadway Width mobility 2-Lane Urban/ High Access 2 - 12’ None Use travel 5’ sidewalks, 9,000 to 48’ Right-of-Way Suburban lane both sides 14,000 vpd 28’ Roadway Width Rural 2-Lane w/ Multi-Use Path Rural High Access 2 - 12’ None 10’ multi-use path, one side 9,000 to 56’ Right-of-Way or 4’ paved shoulder 14,000 vpd 36’ Roadway Width
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PRIORITY INVESTMENT ELEMENT LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION The 2007 South Carolina Priority Investment Act (Title 6, Chapter 29) specifically addresses housing, transportation, capital improvement planning, intergovernmental coordination, encouragement towards traditional neighborhood design and facilitating the production of affordable housing. It encourages local governments to reevaluate comprehensive plans to limit the growth of sprawl and prioritize projects and funding while creating new opportunities for affordable housing. The combination of these uses and study of their potential location constitute land use and transportation planning policy.
Land use planning is an important component to achieve the ideal economic, social, environmental and public health outcome for a community. Effective future land development can occur in a productive, efficient and sustainable manner with proper land use planning. Assessing the pros and cons about future decisions made in regards to land use is imperative.
The Priority Investment Act recommends that the local jurisdictions focus on the impact of regional land use patterns, for example, the regional transportation system should be able to meet future demands of the future land use. The Act supports incorporating scenario planning in the regional travel demand model to measure the impact of land use decisions on the transportation system. This element attempts to combine land use and transportation decisions with the locations of the new and expanding capital project plans. The projects will be prioritized and zones of activity will be developed which will determine necessary transportation improvements and land use plans needed for support. This cyclical process will benefit from long-range planning.
FUNDING BONDING CAPACITY Bonds, grants and donations make up the majority of capital projects funding. This section highlights recent trends in bonding capacity as determined by State law. Table 113 Historic Assessed Value and Potential Bonding Capacity. Fiscal Year (Values in $1,000s) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Total Property 376,725 375,828 377,348 380,245 406,748 413,524 418,347 426,048 Assessment 8% bonding 30,138 30,066 30,188 30,420 32,540 33,082 33,468 34,084 capacity
Florence County has consistently utilized general obligation bonds (GOBs) for large projects. State law allows local governments to bond up to eight percent of property assessment values. The list of projects and the priority order is contained in the following section. Over the next ten years, eight new projects are anticipated with the total value in bonds to be considered at $32.6 between fiscal years 2010/2011 and 2019/2020.
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ACCESS TO BONDING CAPACITY The County has the capability to utilize its full bonding potential and insure bonds only when needed for long term investment and capital improvement projects. Additionally, the County works with other entities that share its public protection mission for them to issue tax exempt bonds. Recently, the County Council approved selling almost a quarter billion in bonds for capital improvements by a regional hospital. As an example of a public private partnership, the hospital is responsible for paying the bonds, while the county’s tax exempt status was utilized for more favorable lending terms.
TRANSPORTATION FUNDING Monies for roadway expansion projects come from a wide range of sources including federal grants, state infrastructure funds and local sales taxes. The Florence Area Transportation Study (FLATS) and the Pee Dee Council of Governments (PDCOG) are responsible for directing federal transportation funding while the capital project sales tax pays for specific arterial roadway projects in Florence County. Allocated federal funds, or guideshares, are specifically designated by the federal government to state governments. The SCDOT then apportions these dollars to metropolitan planning organizations such as FLATS and councils of governments like the PDCOG. Funding is often limited and alternative funding, including sales taxes, is often sought to further improve the roadway network. Due to the important role roadways play in service to the residents, visitors and businesses of the Florence metro area, more funding is directly correlated to better economics.
FLORENCE AREA TRANSPORTATION STUDY The Florence Area Transportation Study (FLATS) encompasses transportation planning for the City of Florence, Town of Quinby, City of Darlington, Town of Timmonsville and surrounding unincorporated areas of Florence and Darlington counties (refer to the Transportation Element of this Comprehensive Plan for more information).
Funds for road improvements are allocated by SCDOT through the Guideshare Program. The S.C. Highway Commission sets aside a specific amount of FHWA and SCDOT funds each year and distributes the money among the state’s eleven MPOs and Councils of Governments (COGs) based on population and vehicle miles of travel in each region. The Guideshare sets the annual budget for highway improvements within each MPO or COG, and total project costs in any given year normally cannot exceed the Guideshare apportionment (a fiscally constrained TIP).
Road improvements may include constructing new roads, adding traffic lanes to existing roads, constructing paved shoulders, installing traffic signals, constructing sidewalks or bike lanes, or making safety improvements. However, minor maintenance activities such as resurfacing and patching potholes are not funded through FLATS, but are handled directly by SCDOT or City maintenance units.
The long range transportation plan (LRTP) is the FLATS comprehensive guide to developing a regional transportation system that accommodates current mobility needs of residents while anticipating future needs. The LRTP is a financially constrained plan, meaning it identifies projects and programs that can reasonably be implemented within the years of the plan. In response to federal mandates and the desires of local residents, this 2035 LRTP addresses all modes of transport including automobile, bicycle, pedestrian, transit, air, rail and freight movements.
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PEE DEE COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS Similar to the FLATS, the Pee Dee Council of Governments (PDCOG) receives Guideshare funds from the federal transportation authorization, through SCDOT; but, its funds are directed to rural areas outside of the FLATS. The annual Guideshare covers roadway improvements in Chesterfield, Darlington, Dillon, Florence, Marion and Marlboro counties. Like the FLATS, the PDCOG prioritizes roadway improvements through a fiscally constrained long range transportation plan (LRTP). LOCAL OPTION CAPITAL SALES TAX On November 7, 2006, Florence County voters approved a one-cent capital project sales tax for roads for up to seven years. The $148 million sales tax amount may be collected for up to seven years until the total amount is realized. This sales tax is combined with a grant from the State Infrastructure Bank of $250 million which will yield up to $398 million for improvements to the following road projects in the order listed below: Pine Needles Road US 378 US 76 (Palmetto Road) TV Road Pamplico Highway (SC 51) 301 Bypass (new construction)
In November 2013, the Capital Sales Tax Project II was a renewal of the first 1-cent local option sales tax and provides funding for the design, engineering, construction, and improvement of highways, roads, streets, drainage systems and/or bridges, improve traffic flow into and through Florence County, facilitate economic development, promote public safety, promote desirable living conditions, provide improved recreational facilities, promote public health and safety in the event of fire, emergency, panic and other dangers and meet present and future needs of Florence County and its citizens.
Additional County Revenue Sources and Bond Projects Other revenue sources for Florence County include the local accommodation tax. This three percent tax on hotel accommodations is generally used for supporting the operation and maintenance of tourism related structures and activities according to South Carolina Code of Laws Section 6-1-530. Some projects that are currently funded are the Civic Center and interchange beautification. For the fiscal year 2011, the local accommodation tax value was approximately $2.4 million which includes funding from the City of Florence for the Civic Center Partnership. In 2006, the law was amended to allow 20% of the tax to be directed for police, fire, emergency medical service and emergency preparedness operations that directly serve tourist-related facilities. PROJECTS AND PRIORITIES This section reviews priorities, lists values and shows temporal distribution of significant Florence County government capital projects from 2005-2020. Project descriptions begin below and may highlight project history, details, funding partners and building timeline. Florence Civic Center The Florence Civic Center was completed in 1993 as a joint venture between Florence County and the City of Florence. Florence County and the City of Florence have agreed to contribute a combined amount of about $650,000 in capital improvement funds annually to share in the cost of this complex.
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Detention Center The current detention center, located in Effingham, opened its doors in 1994 and houses 522-beds and staffs ninety-eight employees. The detention center’s $13.5 million construction cost will continue to be paid through the 2017/18 fiscal year.
Doctors Bruce and Lee Foundation Library The Doctors Bruce and Lee Foundation has been the major sponsor of county library construction. Both Foundation and County funds were utilized to construct the main library located at 509 South Dargan Street. Construction for this facility began in late 2002 with completion in 2004. The Doctors Bruce and Lee Foundation also led the community funding efforts for the construction of five new branch libraries within county municipalities: Lake City (2001); Pamplico (2008); Timmonsville (2009); Olanta (2010); and Johnsonville (2010). Funding for the later three were also partially funded with existing bond funds.
Lynches River Environmental Discovery Center Formerly the Lynches River State Park, the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism deeded the 676 acre park to Florence County on October 31, 2002. The recently constructed Environmental Discovery Center was completed in 2007 to give visitors an in depth perspective on the park’s habitats, plants and animals. The cost of this building was about $1,000,000 paid by the following contributors: Doctors Bruce and Lee Foundation South Carolina Department of Parks and Recreation and Tourism The Land and Water Conservation Fund SC Department of Natural Resources U.S. Department of Agriculture
Animal Control Facility The county’s animal control facility, located in Effingham, opened in 2009 at a cost of about $1,200,000 paid from existing bond funds.
Voter Registration The Voter Registration and Elections Commission building construction began early in 2011 and is located behind the current Public Service Building facility on the northwest corner of Third Loop Road and Irby Street. Currently, the Commission uses space at the Florence-Darlington Technical College for elections preparation due to space constraints at the current location in the Public Service Building. The new facility will consolidate staff, voting machines, and records during voting days. The funding allocation of $1.2 million for this project is supported by general obligation bonds with the first of 10 years of payments to begin in fiscal year 2010.
Pamplico Emergency Medical Service Station A robust Emergency Medical Services (EMS) network of stations is necessary to provide adequate emergency services to the residents and visitors of Florence County. These EMS stations also supplement the local rescue squads. The most recent EMS stations were constructed in 2004 and are located on Old Ebenezer Road in Florence and Olanta Highway in Olanta. The next proposed station will be built in 2011 in Pamplico using $400,000 in general obligation bonds. The specific site has yet to be determined.
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Museum Construction is planned to begin in 2011 for the new Florence Museum at the corner of Dargan and Cheves Streets, with anticipated completion in 2014. The nearly $12 million funding for the construction originates from multiple sources. Doctors Bruce and Lee Foundation, Florence County and the South Carolina legislature contributed equally to the cost. The County funding is provided through a local hospitality tax.
Lake City Library Expansion and Satellite Library Florence County plans to support the expansion of the Lake City library in 2012 through the use of existing general obligation bond funds. In addition, a $1 million satellite library center may be considered for the western Florence area in 2017.
Judicial Center The City/County Complex was built to house a wide range of city- and county- supported agencies including circuit court, family court, court of appeals, district court and several state, county and city departments. At one time, the complex also housed the county detention center which since located in Effingham.
Multiple judicial expansion options exist ranging in cost from $16 million to $40 million. Improved accommodations could begin within five years. Options for the expansion include building a new facility or an addition or annex to the existing City/County Complex.
Southern Florence Recreational Parks Due to the growing demand for outdoor recreation venues, Florence County may consider constructing additional recreational parks, subject to new state tax restrictions and reduced state funding. Funding of $1 million in general obligation bonds has been allocated for a southern Florence County recreational park.
Savannah Grove Park and Greenwood Ballfield Complex are two recently completed parks funded through the capacity of existing bonds from other projects. No additional bonding was necessary to cover these development costs and thus the projects are not included in Table 9.2.
Forensics Laboratory Florence County may also consider construction on a new forensics laboratory near the Effingham detention center. The proposed $1 million project would be a certified forensics laboratory which will also be supported in part by a SC Department of Public Safety Justice Assistance Grant and by a U.S. Department of Justice Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Grant. This lab could reduce the time necessary to process evidence through SLED’s laboratory in Columbia. The new lab would dramatically reduce turnaround time on the substance analysis.
Emergency Management Department (EMD) Radio System Digital Upgrade Over the last several years Florence County has seen the commercial television and cellular industry forced to transition from traditional analog networks to a more efficient digital architecture. Although the County has upgraded the capacity and coverage area of its current radio system, the technology of the analog radio system has not been upgraded in 20 years. This analog radio system is the primary
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communications means for the 27 emergency first response agencies (Sheriff, municipal Police Departments, Fire Departments, EMS and Rescue Squads) operating county-wide. With the life cycle of much of the communications infrastructure coming to an end, Florence County will need to migrate toward a digital radio system within the next 2-3 years. It is estimated that such a transition would take 12 to 18 months to complete and cost estimates range from $12 to $15 million.
Table 114 Current & Possible General Obligation & Local Hospitality Tax Bond Projects
Total Cost Project Fiscal Year (in $1,000’s)
($M) Priority
2010/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 1 Civic Center 6 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 C Detention 13.5 1,568 1,568 1,568 1,568 1,568 1,568 1,568 1,568 Center Doctors Bruce C and Lee 17 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 Foundation Library C Animal Control 1.2 funding from existing bonds
C Lake City Library 0.5 funding from existing bonds Expansion C Savannah Grove and Greenwood 2.2 funding from existing bonds Parks Johnsonville, C Olanta, 3.62 funding from donation and existing bonds Timmonsville, Libraries 1 Voter 1.2 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 Registration 2 EMS Station 0.4 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 3 Museum 123 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 4 Judicial Center 16 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 5 Satellite Library 1 100 100 100 100 Southern Florence County 6 1 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 Active Recreation Park 7 Forensics Lab 1 200 200 200 200 200
1 complete 2 County bonding about $1.045M 3 County bonding about $4M
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8 Radio System 12 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Digital Upgrade
Total 88.6 2,838 2,838 4,338 4,338 5,338 5,338 5,388 5,188 2,970 2,970 Figure 102 Future Project Locations
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Roadway Projects Due to residential, commercial and industrial dependence on the transportation system, significant funds from multiple sources have focused efforts to continuously renew and expand the existing roadway network. Federal, state and local monies have been directed to projects that are key in providing efficient and effective means to access jobs, recreation and homesteads. The following table shows the various roadway projects with anticipated funding by the respective agency.
Table 115 Recent and Proposed Transportation Projects Cost Fiscal Year Project Name Funding Source ($ million) 2008 Pine Needles Road 17.7 Local Sales Tax 2010 SC41, Johnsonville 6.5 PDCOG 2011 US Hwy. 378 122.5 Local Sales Tax 2011 South Cashua Drive 12.2 FLATS 2011 US 76 West Palmetto St. 31.6 Local Sales Tax 2012 TV Road 34.5 Local Sales Tax 2012 SC51 Pamplico Highway 25.8 Local Sales Tax 2013 Cashua Drive 3.5 FLATS 2014 301 Bypass 73.4 Local Sales Tax, Other4 2015 Cheves Street 0.6 FLATS 2015 Five Points Intersection 0.6 FLATS 2017 Ebenezer Road 1.1 FLATS 2020 David McLeod Blvd. 0.9 FLATS 2020 Hoffmeyer Road 1.7 FLATS 2020 W. Darlington St. 6.6 FLATS 2020 I-95 Interchange 2.7 FLATS Total 341.9
4 The anticipated funding for this project will not be able to satisfy the entire project through the one-cent capital projects sales tax (a.k.a. Florence Forward) so additional funding will be necessary for the project.
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Building Permits Although not shown in the preceding tables nor sponsored by county funds, building activities by private, public and non-profit entities represent areas of long-term capital investments. Generally, the specific locations of these permits are a result of an anticipated or expanded need for a business, commercial facility or non-profit organization. Tracking the location and value of building permits offers an opportunity to analyze development choices and how private expenditures may relate to public capital improvements.
As part of the analysis for this document, private building activity, represented by permit information, and county capital projects will be compared over a period of time. The resulting trend would then be applied to the next ten years and may show what private investments may be anticipated.
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Figure 103 Past Investment Zones
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Priority Investment Zones State law prescribes using priority investment zones to indicate areas of significant capital investment and serve as a tool to coordinate investments from multiple stakeholders. Together with information from the Land Use and Transportation elements of this Comprehensive Plan, these zones could help direct development resources to particular areas to maximize use of existing services. In general, these locations of investment may be determined from their proximity to existing services such as utilities. Incorporating affordable housing plans within these zones can provide adequate access of new developments to county residents regardless of socioeconomic condition, although the role of directly providing affordable housing is assumed by various housing authorities and private investors.
Past Investment Areas From the analysis of permits and capital project spending since 2006, publicly sponsored capital projects were included in the vicinity of past investment zones. Six zones show significant capital investment activity. Half of these investment zones highlighted in Figure closely relate to the location of recent County-sponsored public projects. For example, the Civic Center which is a joint venture with the City of Florence correlates with significant private development in the David McLeod Boulevard corridor. Furthermore, two county-sponsored commercial buildings relate closely to investment zones on US 52 and SC 378.
Future Priority Investment Zones Anticipating similar relationships between county and private investment as seen since 2006, future county projects are anticipated to leverage significant private investment over the next ten years. Based on location and value of future planned capital projects, Figure displays six priority investment zones anticipated to improve private investments while expanding needed public services.
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Figure 104 Future Priority Investment Zones
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In order to facilitate future investment composition, State law directs this document to consider the incorporation of affordable housing and traditional neighborhood design. In order for these elements to be present, appropriate zoning policies may be used to facilitate the implementation of these goals. Future land use designations show how different uses of the county landscape utilize existing natural and provided infrastructure to support different uses (see the Land Use element for more information).
POTENTIAL FUNDING Many funding opportunities exist to leverage local bonding capacity. Most recently, the federal government has utilized economic stimulus policy to address national economic conditions. Although Florence County is not considering impact fees, it should be noted that some South Carolina jurisdictions do utilize impact fees to offset the negative impacts of new development on the overall tax burden. Recent erosion of tax digests due to emerging state tax policies has greatly increased the negative impact of many types of development. Impact fees offset costs often associated with new infrastructure (roads, parks, police, fire, etc.) necessary to support more development. According to the American Planning Association (APA), development fees defray these infrastructure improvement costs from the existing taxpayer to the developer. According to the 1998 APA Policy Guide on Impact Fees, “…others may instead bear the incidence of the fee (these may include the original landowner, the developer, or the consumer).” The publication goes on to state that this fee transmission did not decrease development, although the economics in the late 1990’s were much more positive than 2008-2010. Generally, impact fees are directed by capital improvement plans that prioritize projects.
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Goals and Implementation Strategies GOAL 1 Provide a safe, healthy, livable and beautiful community that retains its unique identity and heritage.
Implementation Strategy: Seek better alternatives and new ideas that improve the quality of life for Florence County residents. Increase regular public outreach and dialogue among residents and professional organizations.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 2 Explore and evaluate alternative methods of obtaining revenue, leveraging existing funds and obtaining grant monies to fund capital improvements and new infrastructure.
Implementation Strategy: Seek funding opportunities regularly through federal, state and local granting agencies and non-profit organizations. Coordinate grant applications with participating entities, while controlling or reducing recurring costs.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 3 Continue coordination with SCDOT and PDCOG to enhance transportation planning in Florence County.
Implementation Strategy: Identification of roadway improvements in future updates of the FLATS Plan and the six-year Transportation Improvement Plan (TIP) that support the development pattern in the Florence County Comprehensive Plan, Follow long-term planning for state highways that supports the goals of the Florence County Comprehensive Plan, Design state highways to support the goals of the Florence County Comprehensive Plan, and Seek funding to enhance transit use according to the FLATS Long-Range Transportation Plan.
Time Frame: Continuous
GOAL 4 Establish a process by which multi-jurisdictional agreements can be made between the County and adjacent jurisdictions and agencies, school boards, fire districts, etc. to ensure coordinated land use planning and provision of services with efficiency.
Implementation Strategy: Prepare and discuss the importance of coordinating building capital projects for each entity and show the fiscal benefits to siting new developments near existing infrastructure and utility support.
Time Frame: Long-term
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GOAL 5 Consider implementing an expanded Capital Improvement Plan separately from the budget process that might include funding options in coordination with the land use and transportation elements of the Comprehensive Plan.
Implementation Strategy: Develop a process to draft a very long term Capital Improvement Plan for consideration as a planning guidance tool. Time Frame: Long-term
GOAL 6 Develop and update priority investment zones for areas within Florence County that facilitate increasing more affordable, workforce and/or senior housing development.
Implementation Strategy: Consider ‘areas of need’ inventory; Design policies to enhance the ability of cities, towns and housing authorities to develop affordable housing; Review traditional neighborhood designs as options for property development within PIZs; Consider mixed-use approach for new and existing developments; Facilitate an increasingly diverse range of single and multi-family housing; Implement zoning and permitting schemes that promote these type developments.
Time Frame: Long-term
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Appendices
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Appendix A: Adjacent and Surveyed Florence County Jurisdictions
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Appendix B: Urban Hydrology Soil Classifications Map Symbol Soil Type Hydrological Group Ba Barth loamy sand C Br Brogdon sand B CaA Cahaba loamy fine sand, 0-3 % slopes B Cb Cahaba-Leaf complex B Ce Cape Fear loam D Ch Chastain-Chewacla-Congaree Association D Cn Chipley loamy sand C Cv Coxville fine sandy loam D Dp Duplin fine sandy loam C DuA Duplin and Exum soils, 0-2 % slopes C DuB Duplin and Exum soils, 2-6 % slopes C Ex Exum sandy loam B FaA Faceville loamy sand, 0-2 % slopes B FaB Faceville loamy sand, 2-6 % slopes B FaD Faceville loamy sand, 6-15 % slopes B FuB Fuquay sand, 0-4% slopes B Go Goldsboro loamy sand B Hy Hyde loam B/D Jo Johns fine sandy loam C Ka Kalmia loamy sand B KeB Kenansville sand, 0-4 % slopes A LaB Lakeland sand, 0-9 % slopes A LaD Lakeland sand, 6-15 % slopes A Ls Leaf fine sandy loam D LuB Lucy sand, 0-6 % slopes A LuC Lucy sand, 6-10 % slopes A Ly Lynchburg sandy loam C Lz Lynn Haven sand B/D Mp Mine pits and dumps B NoA Norfolk loamy sand, 0-2 % slopes B NoB Norfold loamy sand, 2-6 % slopes B On Olanta loamy sand B OrA Orangeburg loamy sand, 0-2 % slopes B OrB Orangeburg loamy sand, 2-6 % slopes B OrC Orangeburg loamy sand, 6-10 % slopes B Os Osier loamy sand A/D Pa Pantego loam B/D PIB Pocalla sand, 0-4 % slopes A Ra Rains sandy loam B/D Rs Rimini sand A
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Ru Rutlege loamy sand B/D SuC Sunsweet loamy find sand, 6-10 % slopes C SuE Sunsweet loamy fine sand, 10-25 % slopes C Ub Urban land-Coxville-Norfolk Association N/A VaA Varina loamy fine sand, 0-2 % slopes C VaB Varina loamy fine sand, 2-6 % slopes C WgB Wagram sand, 0-6 % slopes A WgC Wagram sand, 6 -10 % slopes A WgD Wagram sand, 10-15 % slopes A Wh Wahee fine sandy loam D Wk Wehadkee-Chastain Association D Wn Wehadkee and Johnston soil D
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Appendix C: Ten (10) Principles of Sustainable Development
(National Association of Counties (NACo), Joint Center for Sustainable Development, Washington, D.C., 1995)
Interdependence To care for our communities, our decisions must not be short-sighted or negligent of our economic development; the natural, cultural and historic resources that our people and economy rely upon; and the ability to care for our people in an equitable way. Collaboration County government will collaborate with other local authorities, regional, federal and state government, industry, not-for-profit organizations and our citizens, to ensure healthy and sustainable community development. Stewardship County government is responsible for managing our resources through planned use in the present, to ensure continued use in the future. Diversity Counties are responsible for governing a diversified, balanced economy based on naturally and socially diverse communities. Prevention Counties have the capacity to prevent community instability by considering the broader implications of community decision-making and by avoiding problems instead of reacting to them. Equity County governments must actively balance economic, social and ethnic needs to create economically viable and sustainable communities by granting all community members access to information, resources and decision-making. Effectiveness County government is committed to effective use of its human and natural capital to develop economically so that human, cultural, historical and natural resources are used and managed efficiently and for the greater good of the community. Education County government is accountable to the community it serves and has a responsibility to facilitate the flow of information within its community, to learn from others and to promote awareness among its citizens. Flexibility Counties recognize that implementing sustainability means different things in different communities. Counties are committed to demonstrating the flexibility through the use of outside tools or incentive programs, necessary for each community to achieve locally defined sustainable development goals.
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Responsibility To obtain sustainable development, all community members are responsible for contributing to and maintaining economic stability, social equity and a healthy environment in the present and for the future.
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Appendix D: National Association of Home Builders: Green Home Building Guidelines
(National Association of Home Builders, Washington, D.C., 2005)
Lot Preparation and Design - Even before the foundation is poured, careful planning can reduce the home’s impact on natural features such as vegetation and soil; and enhance the home’s long-term performance. Such preparation can provide significant value to the homeowner, the environment, and the community.
Resource Efficiency - Advanced framing techniques and home designs can effectively optimize the use of building materials. This section also details how careful material selection can reduce the amount of time and money needed for home maintenance; and demonstrates equally important construction waste management concepts.
Energy Efficiency - This is the most quantifiable aspect of green building. The information in this section will help a builder create a better building envelope and incorporate more energy efficient mechanical systems, appliances, and lighting into a home, yielding long-term utility bill savings and increased comfort for the homeowner.
Water Efficiency/Conservation - Although the relative importance of water availability and usage varies from region to region, the concern with adequate supply is becoming more widespread geographically. Experience also shows that employing the line items from this section of the Guidelines for indoor and outdoor water use can reduce utility bills, regardless of location.
Occupancy Comfort and Indoor Environmental Quality - Effective management of moisture, ventilation, and other issues can create a more comfortable and healthier indoor living environment.
Operation, Maintenance and Education - Given the level of effort a home builder goes through to create a well thought out home system, it would be a shame not to give the home owner guidance on how to optimally operate and maintain the house. Line items from this section show a builder how best to educate homeowners on the features of their new green home.
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Appendix E: LEED Committees
LEED Steering Committee This governing body of all LEED committees is responsible for direction and decisions for the LEED program in both the U.S. and internationally. Certification Committee Ensures that the LEED certification process continues to be technically rigorous, consistent and responsive to the needs of LEED customers. Market Sector Committee Oversees market transformation through LEED and ensures that LEED continues to be responsive to the markets that it addresses. Technical Committee Ensures that all LEED standards are technically rigorous, scientifically valid and cost-effective. Also manages the Technical Advisory Groups (TAGs) Technical Advisory Groups Advise on credit interpretation requests, credit rulings and credit ruling appeals. Assure consistency and technical rigor in the development of LEED. Technical and Scientific Advisory Committee (TSAC) Provides advice and support for all LEED projects, serving as an independent and impartial forum for vetting technical issues when they are potentially difficult to resolve or involve significant controversy. Rating System Committees These committees are responsible for the direction and decisions of LEED rating systems currently undergoing development or major revisions.
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Appendix F: Land Use Classifications
Existing Residential – Existing residential areas represent one of the most important resources in the county. As such, the retention and protection of such areas are paramount. The objective of this designation is to identify and protect the character and present use of residential resources (existing neighborhoods and subdivisions) and to prohibit development which would compromise or infringe on the prevailing character or continued use of such resources for residential purposes. Also, this designation is designed to promote in-filling of such areas with like uses as an efficient means of meeting future housing demands, and limiting sprawl. To be used in accordance with these plan map objectives: Single-family detached, site built dwellings; Manufactured housing compatible with design characteristics, safety, and habitability standards required of site built housing; Institutional uses in support of and compatible with residential uses (e.g. schools, churches, parks, and recreation facilities). Developing Residential – The objective of this designation is to promote and accommodate in an orderly manner residential development in areas so designated. To be used in accordance with these plan map objectives: Residential uses, including single-family, multi-family, townhouses, patio homes, and manufactured homes; Institutional uses in support with residential development (e.g. school, churches, recreation facilities). High Intensity Economic Corridors - The objective of the high intensity economic corridor concept is to support continued development and economic strengthening of designated High Intensity Corridors, and to enhance the appearance, improve the safety, and retain the carrying capacity of such corridors. To be used in accordance with these plan map objectives: General retail and business uses; Industrial uses; Institutional uses. High Intensity Economic Nodes - The objective is to encourage and promote the economic vitality and ability of the county, including both incorporated and unincorporated areas, to compete in a regional market by concentrating economic activities, thereby strengthening the draw of such areas through “cumulative attraction.” To be used in accordance with these plan map objectives: Multi-Use Retail; Institutional; General Business. Industrial-Business Areas - The objective of the Industrial-Business designation is two fold, (1) to create industrial and business development opportunities and (2) to protect existing
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industrial and business interests from incompatible development. To be used in accordance with these plan map objectives: Industrial and business uses; Institutional uses; Wholesale and warehousing uses; Big box retail; Mixed-use planned development; Existing residential and infill of existing subdivisions. Low Intensity economic Nodes - The objective of this designation is to concentrate convenience and service establishments in proximity to residential areas, and to discourage strip commercial development as an alternative. To be used in accordance with these plan map objectives: Convenience retail; Convenience service; Limited business; Small scale institutional. Major Parks and Open Space - This classification identifies all existing and proposed major parks and open space, including wetlands. Identify and incorporate wetlands and park facilities into the planning process, and protect wetlands from encroachment and misuse by development. To be used in accordance with these plan map objectives: Active and passive recreation where compatible with conservation efforts; Natural, open, or forested use. Rural Community Nodes - The objective of this classification is to sustain and support rural community centers as an integral part of the rural environment, service the commercial, service, social, and agricultural needs of nearby rural residents. To be used in accordance with these plan map objectives: Small scale retail; Residential single-family; Small scale service & business uses; Social and small scale institutional uses; Agricultural support uses. Rural Resource/Agricultural Areas - The objective of this classification is to conserve rural characteristics and resources, particularly agricultural, and maintain a balanced rural-urban environment. To be used in accordance with these plan map objectives: Single-family site built and manufactured dwellings; Agricultural uses; Small scale retail uses; Agricultural related industrial uses; Institutional uses.
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Transitional Areas - The objective of this designation is two-fold: (1) to recognize mixed use areas and guide the development or redevelopment of such areas to ensure an orderly outcome of the transitional process, and (2) to ameliorate through a limited use buffer area or strip the potential impact of economic development activity on established residential areas. To be used in accordance with these plan map objectives: Any and all land uses consistent with the objective of this area designation.
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Appendix G: Zoning Districts Interpretations
R-1, R-2, R-3 and R-3A Single-Family Residential Districts. The intent of this district is to foster, sustain, and protect areas in which the principal use of land is for single-family dwellings and related support R-4 Multi-Family Residential District, Limited. The intent of this district is to promote and accommodate residential development consisting principally of single-family and two-family dwellings, and related support uses. R-5 and R-5A Multi-Family Residential District. The intent of this district is to accommodate higher density residential development and a variety of housing types on small lots or project settings in areas accessible by major streets and in proximity to commercial uses, employment opportunities, and community facilities. It is further intended to permit development flexibility in meeting the demands and preferences of a changing housing market, and doing so in an orderly, compatible manner. B-1 Limited Business District. The intent of this district is to accommodate office, institutional, and residential uses in areas whose character is changing, or where such a mix of uses is appropriate. It is designed principally for use along major streets dominated by older houses in transition. B-2 Convenience Business District. The intent of this district is to meet the commercial and service needs generated by nearby residential areas. Goods and services normally available in these districts are of the “convenience variety.” The size of this district should relate to surrounding residential markets and the location should be at or near major intersections, in proximity to and/or on the periphery of residential uses. B-3 General Commercial. The intent of this district is to provide for the development and maintenance of commercial and business uses strategically located to serve the community and the larger region in which it holds a central position. B-4 Central Commercial District. The intent of this district is to promote the concentration and vitality of commercial and business uses in the downtown area. This district is characterized by wall-to-wall or lot line to lot line development, sidewalks, and public parking lots B-5 Office and Light Industrial District. The intent of this district is to promote the development of business parks, including office, distribution, and light manufacturing uses in an environment suited to such uses and operations while promoting land use compatibility through the application of performance standards. B-6 Industrial District. The intent of this district is to accommodate certain industrial uses which based on their operational characteristics are potentially incompatible with residential, social, medical, and commercial environs RU-1 Rural Community District. The intent of this district is to sustain and support rural community centers as an integral part of the rural environment, serving the commercial, service, social, and agricultural needs of nearby rural residents. The minimum lot acre for this zoning district is 15,000 sq. ft. for residential or non-residential use. RU-2, Rural Resource District. The intent of this classification is to conserve and protect from urban encroachment rural characteristics and resources, particularly agricultural, and maintain
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a balanced rural-urban environment. The minimum lot acre for this zoning district for residential use is 87,120 sq. ft. and 43,560 sq. ft. for non-residential use. PD, Planned Development. The intent of the Planned Development District is to encourage flexibility in the development of land in order to promote its most appropriate use; and to do so in a manner that will enhance public health, safety, morals, and general welfare. There is no minimum lot area for this zoning district, however, it is the intent to promote and encourage or require development in this form where appropriate in character, timing, and location, particularly in large undeveloped tracts.
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Appendix H: Soils of Prime Farmland for Agriculture in Florence County
Br Brogdon sand CaA Cahaba loamy fine sand, 0-3 % slopes Dp Duplin fine sandy loam DuA Duplin and Exum soils, 0-2 % slopes DuB Duplin and Exum soils, 2-6 % slopes Ex Exum sandy loam FaA Faceville loamy sand, 0-2 % slopes FaB Faceville loamy Sand, 2-6 % slopes Go Goldsboro loamy sand Jo Johns fine sandy loam Ka Kalmia loamy sand NoA Norfolk loamy sand, 0-2 % slopes NoB Norfold loamy sand, 2-6 % slopes On Olanta loamy sand OrA Orangeburg loamy sand, 0-2 % slopes OrB Orangeburg loamy sand, 2-6 % slopes VaA Varina loamy fine sand, 0-2 % slopes VaB Varina loamy fine sand, 2-6 % slopes
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Appendix I: Soils of Farmland of Statewide Importance in Florence County
Ba Barth loamy sand Cb Cahaba-Leaf complex Ce Cape Fear loam Cv Coxville fine sandy loam (if drained) FuB Fuquay sand, 0-4 % slopes Hy Hyde loam KeB Kenansville sand, 0-4 % slopes Ls Leaf fine sandy loam LuB Lucy sand, 0-6 % slopes OrC Orangeburg loamy sand, 6-10 % slopes Pa Pantego loam PIB Pocalla sand, 0-4 % slopes Ra Rains sandy loam Wgb Wagram sand, 0-6 % slopes Wh Wahee fine sandy loam
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Appendix J: Forestry Land Conservation Tools Land Use Taxation - Under use-value taxation, properties are taxed based on the productive value of the land rather than at the highest and best use value of the land. The landowner is recognized for and taxed based on the current rural use of the land rather than the development potential of the land. Agriculture and Forestry Districts - A minimum of 200 acres (with one or more landowners) is required in order to form a District and only landowners can initiate the formation. This request must go before the local Planning Commission. Once established, any property within a mile of the district can be added to the district. Landowners sign voluntary agreements with locality and the properties receive use-value taxation and some protection of rural use. In exchange, the landowners agree not to develop the properties for a period ranging from 4-10 years. Riparian Buffer Tax Credit - This is a state tax credit that reimburses landowners for a portion of the value of timber left standing in riparian buffers after timber harvesting. The buffer area must be left in unharvested forest use for a period of 15 years. This tax credit focuses conservation of some of the most sensitive lands and reimburses landowners for practicing sustainable forest management. Cost-Share Assistance - Federal and state cost-share programs provide matching funds for some farm or forest practices and are often tied to land conservation. The Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) provides reimbursement for the cost of installing conservation practices as well as rental payments for acreages where conservation practices are installed. These rental payments run for 10 or 15 years. CREP also includes funding for purchase of perpetual conservation easements on the buffer area. Conservation Easements - A conservation easement is a voluntary agreement between a landowner and a qualified conservation organization or public entity to prevent the development of a property while allowing continued private ownership and rural use such as farming or forestry. Conservation easements are typically perpetual but they can be for shorter terms in some cases. Some benefits of donating a conservation easement are State Income Tax Credits, Charitable Deduction on the landowner’s federal tax return, Estate Tax Benefits can reduce the tax liability on the estate, and Local Real Estate Tax which allows the landowner to be eligible for reduced real property taxes. Purchase of Development Rights (PDR) - In a PDR program, the landowner sells the right to develop their property, typically to the locality. The benefit is that the landowner is paid directly for all or a portion of the value of their development rights. Forest Legacy Program - This Federal program funds the purchase of land and conservation easements to protect working forest lands that are threatened by development. This is a nationwide competitive program to fund conservation of properties that have significant conservation values.
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Appendix K: Water Body Definitions
The smallest water channels are often called brooks or creeks. However, creeks are often larger than brooks and sometimes known as streams and may either be permanent or intermittent. Streams can be intermittent or permanent and can be on the surface of the earth, underground, or even with an ocean such as the Gulf Stream.
A river is a large stream that flows over land. It is often a perennial water body and usually flows in a specific channel, with a considerable volume of water.
A pond is a small lake, most often in a natural depression. It refers to any accumulation of water surrounded by land, often of a considerable size. A very large lake that contains salt water is known as a sea, except the Sea of Galilee, which is actually a freshwater lake.
A sea can also be attached to, or even part of, an ocean. Oceans are the ultimate bodies of water and refers to the five oceans – Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Indian, and Southern.
Coves are the smallest indentations of land by a lake, sea, or ocean. A bay is larger than a cove and can refer to any wide indentation of the land. Larger than a bay is a gulf which is usually a deep cut of the land. Bays and gulfs can also be known as inlets.
Finally, any lake or pond directly connected to a larger body of water can be called a lagoon and a channel explains a narrow sea between two land masses, such as the English Channel.
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Appendix L: Works Consulted
1. Access Management Manual, Transportation Research Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC, 2003 2. Amtrak Boardings. Accessed at www.greatamericanstations.com/stations/FLO/stationview. July, 2009 3. Automated Enforcement Laws. Accessed at www.iihs.org/laws/automatedenforcement.aspx. October, 2009 4. Barrett, Robert C., 2008. Personal Communication, Francis Marion Trail Commission, November 5. Black Creek Land Trust, Jay James, February, 2009 6. Business & Economic Review/ April- June 2007 “Sprawl’s Fiscal Impact”, October, 2008 7. Camp Dresser & McKee, Inc. 2006. City of Florence, Pee Dee Regional Water and Sewer Master Plan Final Report, January. 8. Carolina Hospital System. 2008. www.carolinashospital.com, June 9. Coker, Barbara. 2008. Personal Communication, Florence County Sheriff’s Department, August 10. Complete Streets. Accessed at http://www.completestreets.org. October, 2009 11. Conservation Buffers, Design Guidelines for Buffers, Corridors, and Greenways, by Gary Bentrup, Research Landscape Planners, National Agroforestry Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Lincoln, NE 68538 12. Dorchester County Comprehensive Plan 13. Eason, Joe. 2008. Personal Communication, Florence County Parks and Recreation, November 14. Economic Research Service, USDA as collected through South Carolina Agricultural Statistics Service, South Carolina Agricultural Statistics 15. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) “Environmental Benefits of Smart Growth”, November, 2008. Accessed at http://www.epa.gov/dced/topics/eb.htm 16. FDIC 2005 17. Federal Transit Administration (FTA). Accessed at http://www.fta.dot.gov/aboutFTA.html. November, 2009 18. Florence Area Humane Society. 2008. www.petfinder.com/shelters/SC23.html, September 19. Florence Civic Center. 2008. www.florenceciviccenter.com, August 20. Florence County Code, December 2008 21. Florence County Community Facilities Element, December, 2008 22. Florence County Economic Development Partnership. 2008. www.fcedp.com, 23. Florence County Hazard Mitigation. Hazard Mitigation Study, Florence, SC, 2005 24. Florence County Natural Resources Element, November, 2008 25. Florence Counting Planning Department, November, 2008 26. Florence County Population Element, November, 2008
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27. Florence County South Carolina Golf Courses. 2008. www.golfable.com/golfcourses/county/florencecountysc, November 28. Florence Museum of Art, Science, and history. 2008. www.florencemuseum.org/about.html, August 29. Florence Regional Airport. 2008. www.florencescairport.com, July 30. Griffin, Drew. 2008. Personal Communication, City of Florence Public Works, September 31. Growing by Choice or Chance, State Strategies for Quality Growth in South Carolina. Urban Land Institute. November, 2008 32. Hanna, Iris. 2008. Personal Communication, Lake City Community Hospital, November 33. Hazardous Materials Flow Study. Florence County Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Study, Florence SC, 2009 34. Horry County Comprehensive Land Use Plan, November, 2008 35. Housing Authority of Florence (The), February, 2009 36. Housing and Transportation Affordability Index. Accessed at http://www.htaindex.cnt.org. October, 2009 37. Lake City Housing Authority, February, 2009 38. Land Use in a Nutshell, by John R. Nolon and Patricia E. Salkin, Copyright 2006 Thomson/West, January, 2009 39. National Agricultural Statistics Service. Accessed at www.nass.usda.gov 40. National Association of Home Builders (The) (NAHB), Model Green Home Building Guidelines, December, 2008. Accessed at http://www.nahbgreen.org/content/pdf 41. Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), December, 2008. Accessed at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov 42. New Urban News, September, 2008 edition. “Covering Design & Development of Human-Scale Neighborhoods” 43. Nodine, Stephen K., 1989?. Forest Resources and Opportunities in Florence County, Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service, Department of Forestry, written post-1989. Received 12/12/97 by fax from Florence Office of South Carolina Forestry Commission 44. Owens, Dusty. 2008. Personal Communication, Florence County Emergency Management Department, September. 45. Pee Dee Land Trust, Jennie Williamson, February, 2009. Accessed at http://www.peedeelandtrust.org 46. Pee Dee Regional Transportation Authority. 2008. www.pdrta.org, November 47. Personal Communication, 2008, Florence County School Districts 1-5, November 48. Planning Magazine, published by the American Planning Association, Volume 74, No. 11, December, 2008 49. Planning Magazine, published by the American Planning Association, Volume 75, No. 1, January, 2009 50. Railroad Classifications. Accessed at http://www.american-rails.com. November, 2009 51. Richland County Transportation Element
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52. Santee Lynches Community Development, George White, February, 2009 53. S.C. Agricultural Statistics 2001 54. S.C. Department of Agriculture 55. S.C. Department of Commerce 56. SC Department of Health and Environmental Control. Accessed at www.scdhec.net 57. SC Home Town Locator, South Carolina Gazetteer, December, 2008. Accessed at http://southcarolina.hometownlocator.com 58. SC Statistical Abstract, 2005 and 2006 59. Small Town Planning Handbook (The), Third Edition; Copyright 2007 by the American Planning Association, November, 2008 60. Southeastern Institute of Manufacturing and Technology (SIMT). 2008. www.simt.com, November 61. South Carolina Agricultural Statistics as collected from Economic Research Service- USDA. USD: Economic Research Service 62. South Carolina Emergency Management Division. 2008. www.scemd.org, November 63. South Carolina Employment Security Commission. Accessed at www.sces.org/lmi/data/labor-force/scunadjusted.xls 64. South Carolina Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. www.epa.gov, November 65. South Carolina Trucking Association. Accessed at http://www.sctrucking.org. November, 2009 66. The Greater Lake City Chamber of Commerce. 2008. www.lakecitysc.org, November 67. The Highway Capacity Manual. Accessed at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/highway_capacity_manual. October, 2009 68. Tiner, R.W., H.C. Bergquist, G.P. DeAlessio, and M.J. Starr, 2002. Geographically Isolated Wetlands: A Preliminary Assessment of their Characteristics and Status in Selected Areas of the United States. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Region, Hadley, MA 69. Tree Doctor (The), Importance of a Tree, January, 2009 70. United States Department of Agriculture. National Agriculture Statistic Service, Accessed at http://www.nass.usda.gov 71. USA Soil Conservation Service Publication TR-55 (1986): Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds 72. U.S. Census of Population and Housing, 2000. Accessed at http://factfinder.census.gov. October, 2009 73. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2007, American Housing Survey 74. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Community Planning & Development, December, 2008. Accessed at http://www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/affordablehousing/index.cfm 75. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Labor Force Data by County, 2004 and 2005 Annual Averages 76. U.S. Department of Urban Development, Economic and Market Analysis Divisions
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77. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Wetlands, December, 2008. Accessed at http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/vital/what.html 78. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Tera Baird, March, 2009 79. U.S. Forest Service, Sustainable Operations, December, 2008. Accessed at http://www.fs.fed.us/sustainableoperations/ 80. U.S. Forest Service, Urban Forestry, October, 2008. Accessed at http://www.fs.fed.us/ucf/ 81. U.S. Geological Survey, National Hydrography Dataset, 2007. http://nhd.usgs.gov/index.html 82. U.S. Green Building Council, LEED, February, 2009. Accessed at http://www.usgbc.org 83. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Sustainable Development, November, 2008. Accessed at http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sustainable_development 84. Woods & Poole Economics, 2006 & 2007
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