Also in this issue: √ Déchiffrer la monnaie étrangère | Deciphering foreign money √ The significance of the 1939 royal visit √ Tulips bloom on Canadian coins √ and more... [May 2011] – 111 is the official publication of the Ottawa Coin Club.
It is published ten times a year and aims to promote the hobby of coin collecting and the science of numismatics throughout guess you could say that this issue has a certain royal flavour! Last the National Capital Region. month was a busy one for Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II: she distributed Ithe alms on Maundy Thursday; celebrated her 85th birthday; and attended Submissions are welcomed. Please submit the wedding of her grandson, Prince William. Inspired by Her Majesty’s text in Rich Text Format (.rtf) separately from birthday, and by our own Ron Cheek, I decided to look into Her Majesty’s images. The images must be of high resolu- numismatic heritage in preparation for her diamond jubilee. And this just in tion (minimum 300 dpi) and should be in col- time… since the Royal Canadian Mint just issued a 20-dollar piece to celebrate our. The preferred file format for images is jpeg (.jpg). Please consult the the jubilee. The first of many, I’m sure. publication style guide at Our resident royal expert, Ron, inspired by the wonderful movie The King’s < ottaw acoinclub.com/style > Speech, takes us back in time to the King’s visit to Canada, in 1939, and before submitting an article. explains the importance of that historic event. Another article with a royal flavour – but about a different royal family Les textes en français sont les bienvenus. this time – is Steve’s article on the recent launch of the “tulip and ladybug” coins. Steve also completes the series of articles on deciphering foreign coins by Editor: Serge Pelletier explaining the various calendars used around the world.
ISSN 1922-4885 Image soursourImage ces for this issue (page/figure)e)e) British RRBritish oyal Mint [[oyal www.rwww.rwww.royalmint.comoyalmint.comoyalmint.com]:]:]: 147 |DeparDeparDepartment of National Defence: 140/1 145/3, 145/4 |FrançoisFrançoisFrançois Rufiange: Rufiange: 136/1, 137/2, 137/3, 138/4 |Heritage Auctions [www.ha.comwww.ha.comwww.ha.com]:]:]: 114/1, 116/2, 122/1, 124/3, 124/4, 132/3 |Jean Elsen & fils [www.elsen.eu]: 116/2 |Library and Archives Canada: 130/1, 132/4, 134/6|Owen WWOwen . Linzmayer [[. www.banknotenews.com]:]:]: cover, 128/15 | PPPerererth Mint [[th www.perwww.perwww.perthmint.com.au]:]:]: 112, 128/8 |RicharRicharRichard Faucher: 136/1, 137/3 | On the cover... RRRon Cheek:Cheek:on 131/2, 133/5, 134/7, 134/8, 135/9 |RRRoyal Australian Mint [www.ramint.gov.au.au.au]:]:]: 149 |RRRoyal Canadian Mint In the “O” of moneta, the reverse of the [[[www.mint.cawww.mint.cawww.mint.ca]:]:]: cover, 127/9, 146/5 |SerSerSerge PPge elletier: 136/1, 138/4, 141/2, 142/4, 142/5, 144/, 144/2, 146/6 |SteveSteveSteve WWoodland: Canadian 2011-dated 25-cent “tulip and WWWoodland: 128/10, 128/11, 128/12, 128/13, 128/14 | Stack’s RarRarStack’s e Coins [[e www.stacksarwww.stacksarwww.stacksarchive.comchive.comchive.com]:]:]: 123/2, 125/5, 126/6,126/7 | ladybug” coloured coin.
Reverse of the recently issued 2012- The last bush baby dated Canadian 20-dollar piece that Since 2010, the Perth Mint has been issuing a commemorates the diamond jubilee of series of coloured silver 50-cent pieces dubbed Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. It is the the “bush babies.” The sixth and last coin in first of likely several pieces on the subject. The back of the Scottish 5- the series features a baby koala. pound note issued in 2002 to mark Her Each coin contains ½ once Troy of .999 Majesty’s golden jubilee. silver. Only 10,000 pieces will be struck. Previous issues sold out quickly. < for mormor< e information: www.perwww.perwww.perthmint.com.au > 112 – [May 2011] OTTAWA COIN CLUB since 1946 P.O. Box 42004, R.P.O. St. Laurent, Ottawa, ON K1K 4L8 Email: [email protected] oupi! L’été arrive! Le Festival canadien des tulipes est en marche Website: www.ottawacoinclub.com avec ses tulipes aux couleurs incroyables à travers notre belle ville. YCette année, il y a deux nouvelles tulipes, de type numismatique, qui ont été dévoilées à la fin d’avril lors d’une cérémonie chez l’Ambassadeur The club meets every month, usually des Pays-Bas. Serge et moi avons eu le privilège de voir ces magnifiques on the fourth Monday. The meetings pièces de près. Lisez sur ce sujet dans ce numéro. begin at 7:30 p.m. in the Theatre With summer comes a whole new season of shows, sales, auctions, and, (on the 3rd floor) of the of course, the RCNA Annual Convention, to be held in Windsor, Ontario, Heron Road Multi-Service Centre, July 14-17. This year’s convention, hosted by the Windsor Coin Club, 1480 Heron Road, Ottawa. promises to be a great one, with a super lineup of tours, activities, special events, and opportunities to add to your collection. The Royal Canadian Le club se réunit habituellement le Mint will be unveiling a special new product during the convention, available quatrième lundi de chaque mois. for sale there only, plus it will have a special uncirculated set featuring a La réunion ouvre à 19 h 30 dans le convention medalet, and much more. Make sure you don’t miss this great théâtre (au 3e étage) du event! For the latest information, and to register and pay online, visit Heron Road Multi-Service Centre, www.rcna.ca and click on the Events tab. 1480 chemin Heron, Ottawa. Je suis heureux d’annoncer que François est de retour sur le conseil d’administration du club à titre de trésorier pour remplacer Barry qui s’est désisté. Merci François, j’ai confiance que nos sous continueront à être bien gérés. And many thanks to Barry for all his diligent work as Treasurer over Annual dues: $12.00 the past months, and thanks for agreeing to continue on as the club’s Frais d’adhésion annuel : 12,00 $ webmaster. Well, you made it official; we now have a new name. With the motion and vote at our April meeting, the Ottawa Coin Club has become the Ottawa Your Club Executive: Numismatic Society – Société numismatique d’Ottawa. The new name reflects President: the bilingual makeup of our club and the geographic area in which our Steve Woodland members live. It also reflects the long history of numismatic clubs in the
[May 2011] – 113 Deciphering foreign money Déchiffrer la monnaie (part 3) étrangère by Steve Woodland (3ème partie) par Steve Woodland hus far in this series, we have looked at how to usqu’à présent, cette série d’articles nous a permis identify a coin’s country of origin and denomination d’identifier l’origine d’une pièce et sa dénomination Tby reading what is on the piece. In this article we Jen lisant ce qui est dessus. Le présent article vise à will look at how to determine the date of a coin. While it nous aider à en déterminer le millésime. Bien que ceci semble sounds simple, you will find that it is more difficult than être facile, ce n’est pas nécessairement toujours évident. you think. Histoire des millésimes sur les monnaies History of coin dating Bien que la présence d’un millésime soit une pratique While the use of dates on coins is almost a universal courante de nos jours, ça n’a pas toujours été le cas. Les practice these days, this was not always the case. Coins were monnaies étaient souvent non millésimées ou arboraient des often undated, or used dates based on a calendar not known dates issues d’un calendrier peu connu ou compris ailleurs. or understood elsewhere. In the Western world, one of the L’une des premières pièces à être millésimée selon l’ère earliest coins to use a Christian Era date, is a groschen chrétienne est un groschen orné d’un buste de Charlemagne featuring the bust of Charlemagne on the obverse and the à l’avers et le millésime, en chiffres romains, MCCCLXXV, date MCCCLXXV, or 1375, on the reverse. The first English soit 1375, au revers. La première pièce anglaise à arborer coin to bear a date in Roman numerals is the shilling of un millésime est un shilling d’Édouard VI millésimé Edward VI, dated MDXLVII, or 1548. The use of Roman MDXLVIII, soit 1548. Dès lors, l’utilisation de millésime numerals to date coins was employed sporadically over en chiffres romains sur les monnaies est sporadique the next two centuries in Europe. Gothic au cours des deux siècles qui suivent. On numerals can be found on a guldiner retrouve un millésime en chiffres issued by Maria of Burgundy for gothiques sur un guldiner du Brabant in 1477. Arabic Brabant émis par Marie de numerals, however, became Bourgogne en 1477. Ce n’est more prevalent following the qu’en 1486 qu’un millésime issue of the first full Arabic- en chiffres arabes est numeral-dated coin in 1486: utilisé, sur un gulden- a silver gulden-groschen groschen d’argent issu by the Hall Mint in the de l’atelier de Hall dans Tyrol region of Austria. le Tyrol. Bien que While the first English la première pièce coin struck with an anglaise à être Arabic-numeral date is a marquée d’un silver crown of Edward millésime en chiffres VI inscribed 1551, it was arabes soit une couronne not until 1662 that all d’Édouard VI émise en English coins were regularly 1551, ce n’est qu’en dated. In spite of the increasing 1662 que la pratique devient popularity of dates on coins, courante. Malgré some, especially gold pieces, were l’accroissement en popularité issued without dates as late as the de la pratique de millésimer les 19th century. pièces, ce n’est qu’à la fin du A date usually indicates when it XIXe siècle que la pratique 1.1.1. Revers d’une pièce saoudienne de 20 piastres. was struck (but there are recent ------devient courante sur les pièces d’or. Canadian exceptions). On Canadian 1.1.1. Reverse of a Saudi 20-piastre coin. Le millésime indique 114 – [May 2011] circulation coins, the date is normally found on the reverse habituellement l’année de frappe de la pièce (il y a toutefois side, while it is on the obverse on United States coins. de récentes exceptions canadiennes). Sur les pièces As we have already learned for the country name and canadiennes, on le retrouve normalement au revers, tandis the denomination, the date may not always be written in qu’on le retrouve à l’avers des pièces états-uniennes. characters and numbers we understand. To overcome this Comme nous l’avons déjà appris en ce qui concerne le challenge, we can use the knowledge and data tables from nom du pays et la dénomination, le millésime n’est pas the previous two articles in this series, along with detailed nécessairement avec des chiffres qui nous sont familiers. information found in specialized reference works. For Ce que nous avons appris dans les deux articles précédents example, look at the coin in Figure 1, the reverse of a 20- peut nous servir, mais il est possible que nous devions piastre coin from Saudi Arabia – the date is found at the consulter d’autres ouvrages de référence. Par exemple, bottom of the inner circle: , so, using the table at p. 83, prenez la pièce saoudienne de 20 piastres, à la figure 1, le we get 1334.1 Wait a minute, this coin looks too nice to be millésime se situe au bas du cercle du centre : , c’est- 677 years old, so what’s wrong? Well, nothing, really. It is à-dire, après avoirs consulter le tableau à la p. 83, 13341. simply that the coin is dated using a different calendar than Un instant, cela veut donc dire que cette pièce a plus de 600 the one most North Americans use. ans? Difficile à croire considérant la qualité de sa frappe. Qu’est-ce qui ne va pas? Eh bien, rien. Cette pièce est Calendars and eras simplement millésimée selon un calendrier qui diffère du While we use the Gregorian calendar, not all countries nôtre. use it. Let’s have a look at some of the calendars or eras that have been used to date coins. Calendriers et ères Christian Era. In Canada, we use a calendar based on Bien que nous utilisions le calendrier grégorien, certains the theoretical birth of Jesus (which represents year 0). As pays utilisent d’autres calendriers. Regardons un peu les we said before, we used the Gregorian calendar, which was calendriers ou ères qui ont déjà été utilisés pour millésimer based on the Julian calendar. Dates after the birth of Jesus les monnaies. are said to be Anno Domini, abbreviated AD. Before then Ère chrétienne. Au Canada, nous utilisons un calendrier are the dates that we commonly call “BC” for “Before basé sur la naissance théorique de Jésus (qui représente l’an Christ.” Because this calendar is the most widely used, it is 0). Comme nous le disions plus tôt, nous utilisons le sometimes called “Common Era (CE)” to be more politically calendrier grégorien, qui est issu du calendrier julien. Les correct. dates après la naissance de Jésus sont dites Anno Domini, Hegira, Hejira, Hijra (Muslim Era). The countries that ce qui est abrégé A.D. (ou apr. J.-C. en français). Lorsqu’il have Islam as their main religion usually use a calendar based s’agit d’une date d’avant la naissance du Christ, l’on parle on Mohammed’s flight from Mecca to Medina in AD 622. de « avant Jésus-Christ » (av. J.-C.). Comme c’est le The dates are therefore rendered in Anno Hegirae, calendrier le plus utilisé au monde, on l’appelle parfois « ère abbreviated AH. commune (EC) ». Jewish Era (JE). Israel uses a calendar based on the Hégire (ère musulmane). Les pays dont la religion beginning of the world, that is when Adam and Eve met in principale est l’Islam utilisent un calendrier basé sur l’hégire, the Garden of Eden, in 3761 BC. c’est-à-dire la journée où Mahomet quitta La Mecque pour Other calendars include: Médine, en A.D. 622. On dit des dates de ce calendrier Anno · Vikrama Samvat (VS) Era, or simply Samvat era, Hegirae, ce qui est abrégé A.H. which dates from 58 BC and is used on the Indian Ère juive (JE). Israël utilise un calendrier basé sur la subcontinent; rencontre d’Adam et d’Ève en Eden, soit en 3761 av. J.-C. · Saka Era (SE), which dates from AD 78 and is used Voici d’autres calendriers, dont l’usage est moins on the Indian subcontinent; répandu : · Buddhist Era (BE), originating from 543 BC; · Ère vikrama samvat (VS), ou simplement l’ère samvat, · Ratanakosind Sok (RS) Era, or Bangkok Era, dating qui commence en 58 av. J.-C. et est utilisée from AD 1781, used in Thailand (Siam) and principalement sur le sous-continent indien. Burma; · Ère saka (SE), qui commence en 78 apr. J.-C. et est · Chula-Sakarat (CS) Era, beginning in AD 638, utilisée principalement sur le sous-continent indien. used in Thailand (Siam) and Burma; and · Ère bouddhiste (BE), qui commence en 543 av. J-.C. · Ethiopian Era (EE), which began in AD 7 · Ère ratanakosind sok (RS), aussi appelée ère de To complicate matters further, some countries changed Bangkok, qui commence en 1781 apr. J.-C. et est calendar type and system over the years. For example, utilisée en Thaïlande (au Siam) et en Birmanie. Afghanistan and Iran changed from a lunar calendar to adopt · Ère chula-sakarat (CS), qui commence en 638 apr. J.-
[May 2011] – 115 Millésimer avec grâce Dating with a flair Il est parfois difficile de déterminer le millésime Even when you can read the numbers, sometimes même lorsque vous pouvez lire les chiffres. Prenons dating is not as obvious as you would think. Take ces deux pièces pour exemple. La pièce à la figure 2 these two pieces, for example. Figure 2 is an est une pièce éthiopienne de 1 birr au buste de Ethiopian 1-birr coin of Menelik II that bears the Ménélik II sur laquelle on retrouve le millésime sur date on the shoulder, as indicated. When you read l’épaule, tel qu’indiqué par la flèche. Ce dernier est the numbers (cf. p. 83: 10, 8, 100, 80, and 9), the toutefois loin d’être évident lorsqu’on lit les chiffres date is far from obvious. But when you add the first (cf. p. 83 : 10, 8, 100, 80, 9). Pour trouver le millésime, two (10 + 8 = 18), multiply them by the third (18 × vous devez d’abord additionner les deux premiers 100 = 1800), then add the last two (80 + 9 = 89), chiffres (10 + 8 = 18), les multiplier par le troisième you get the date EE 1889. To convert this to a (18 × 100 = 1800), puis ajouter les deux derniers (80 Common Era date, add 7 and you’ve got AD 1896. + 9 = 89), et voilà, EE 1889. Ajoutez maintenant 7 Figure 3 is the obverse of a gold ducat issued by pour convertir cette date en ère commune et vous Nurnberg that bears an effigy of Martin Luther. Can obtenez A.D. 1896. you read the date? It’s not there?! Well, yes it is, but La pièce à la figure 3 est un ducat d’or émis par hidden. When you read the legend (MARTINVS Nuremberg. Elle est ornée du buste de Martin Luther. LVTHERVS THEOLOGIAE DOCT) you will notice that Pouvez-vous m’en donner le millésime? Il n’est pas some of the letters are larger than the others: M, I, là ?! Eh bien, il est là, mais caché. Lorsque vous lisez V, L, V, V, L, I, D, and C. These are Roman numerals: la légende (MARTINVS LVTHERVS THEOLOGIAE 1000, 1, 5, 50, 5, 5, 50, 1, 500, and 100. When you DOCT) vous remarquerez que certaines lettres sont add them all up you get 1717. Inscribing the date in plus grosses que les autres : L, I, V, M, I, V, C, D, L, this fashion is called a chronogram. V. Il s’agit là de chiffres romains : 50, 1, 5, 1000, 1, 5, 100, 500, 50, 5. Quand vous les additionnez, vous obtenez le millésime : 1717. C’est ce qu’on appelle un chronogramme. 116 – [May 2011] TTTable 1 — FFable ormulas to convert to Common Era TTTableau 1 — Formules pour convertir à l’ère commune a Solar Hegira (SH) Era around 1920. However, the C. et est utilisée en Thaïlande (au Siam) et en government of Iran later adopted a new solar calendar based Birmanie. on the founding of the Iranian monarchy in 559 BC, the · Ère éthiopienne (EE), qui commence en 7 apr. J.-C. Monarchic Solar (MS) Era, with the date of March 20, Pour compliquer les choses davantage, certains pays ont 1976 being the start of the year MS 2535. They then reverted changé de calendrier au fil des ans. L’Afghanistan et l’Iran, to traditional SH dating a few years later. par exemple, ont passé d’un calendrier lunaire au calendrier Converting the dates between systems is relatively easy. solaire de l’hégire (SH) vers 1920 (notre ère). Plus tard, le In Table 1, we have provided a simplified chart to help you gouvernement iranien adopta un nouveau calendrier solaire convert various dates found on coins to Christian Era dates. basé sur la fondation de la monarchie iranienne (en 559 av. By using the calculations above for our Saudi Arabian J.-C.), c’est l’ère monarchique (MS), où le 20 mars 1976 coin, which follows a Muslim calendar, we discover that fut le début de l’an MS2535. L’Iran retourna au calendrier the date of AH 1334 converts to approximately AD 1916, SH quelques années plus tard. which makes the coin 95 years old, not 677 as we had first La conversion des dates est relativement facile. Le thought. tableau 1 vous donne des formules pour convertir vers l’ère chrétienne. Dating by dynasty or reign Revenons donc à notre pièce saoudienne. Comme While all countries may follow a specific calendar, not l’Arabie saoudite utilise l’hégire comme calendrier, le all coins are dated according to that calendar. In many cases, millésime indiqué est donc A.H. 1334 qui est A.D. 1916. La particularly for coins of oriental origin – Japan, Korea, China pièce a donc 95 ans et non 677. – and ancient Roman coins, the coins may be dated according to the year of reign of the ruler, government, or dynasty. To Dater selon les dynasties et les règnes convert the dates on these coins, we must know the start Les pièces monnaies ne sont pas nécessairement date of the dynasty or reign, and the calendar type used millésimées selon une ère. Dans certains cas, comme pour during the reign. In addition, many coins of this type use les pièces orientales (chinoises, coréennes, japonaises) ou unique markings to identify the year of the reign or dynasty, romaines, les pièces sont millésimées selon le règne d’un so we must learn these as well. For example, on Roman régent, d’une dynastie, d’un gouvernement. Pour convertir Imperial coins, we can find the abbreviation “TRI POT,” le millésime de ces pièces en ère commune, on doit donc which stands for TRIBUNICIA POTESTAS, or tribunician power, connaître la date de départ du règne. Sur les pièces impériales the right of veto over any act or proposal made by any romaines, par exemple, on retrouve souvent l’abréviation magistrate. It was conferred annually. Hence, by knowing « TRI POT » qui signifie TRIBUNICIA POTESTAS ou puissance from historical records the year the reign started, we can tribunicienne, c’est-à-dire le droit de véto sur toute loi ou date the coin accordingly. Therefore, by applying some proposition faite par tout magistrat y compris les tribuns de historical context, in addition to the markings on the coin, la plèbe. Ce pouvoir était donné annuellement. Il nous est we are often able to date a coin that does actually feature a donc ainsi possible de dater une pièce, par le biais de
[May 2011] – 117 date on it per se. This has been a very brief overview of dates on coins. As you can see, the dates on coins may complex to interpret and understand. Many reference books and charts exist to assist the collector in understanding calendar systems and interpreting the dates associated with them.
Note 1 It is interesting to note that, while Arabic writing is read from right to left, numbers – hence dates – are read from left to right. In Hebrew, both writing and numbers are read from right to left.
Sources: Bruce, Colin R. II, ed. Standard Catalog of World Coins. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2001. Chamberlain C.C. and Fred Reinfeld. Coin Dictionary and Guide. New York: Sterling Publishing Company, 1960. Grierson,Philip. Numismatics. New York: Oxford University Press,1975. Hobson, Burton and Robert Obojski. Illustrated Encyclopedia of World Coins. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Company Inc., 1970. Le calendrier républicain français – Calendrier adopté MacKay, James and John W. Mussel, editors. Coin YearBook – le 5 octobre 1793 par la nouvelle République française afin de Millennium Edition. Horniton, UK: Token Publishing Limited, 2000. Raymond, Wayte, edr. Coins of the World – 19th Century Issues, 2nd marquer l’ère nouvelle. L’équinoxe vrai d’automne tombant ed. New York, Wayte Raymond Inc., 1953. précisément le 22 septembre 1792, ce jour fut fixé comme “Guide to All Types of Calendars.” www.calendartypes.com premier de l’an I. L’année fut divisée en douze mois de trente [accessed 2011-05-15] jours ou trois décades et se terminait par cinq ou six jours complémentaires ou « sans-culottide » qui devaient être [français] consacrés aux célébrations des fêtes républicaines. Les noms l’histoire, sans que celle-ci soit nécessairement des jours et des mois furent choisis par le poète Fabre millésimée. d’Eglantine. Ces mois étaient : pour l’automne, vendémaire, Voilà qui complète notre très bref aperçu sur le brumaire, frimaire; pour l’hiver, nivôse, pluviôse, ventôse; millésime (et la datation) des pièces. Comme vous pour le printemps, germinal, floréal, prairial; pour l’été, pouvez le constater, ce n’est pas toujours chose facile. messidor, thermidor, fructidor. Ce calendrier fut abrogé le 22 Mais il existe de nombreuses références qui peuvent fructidor an XIII (9 septembre 1805) pour retourner enfin au nous aider. calendrier grégorien le 1 janvier 1806, ce qui réduisit l’an XIV à 90 jours.
Nota The French Republican Calendar – Calendar adopted by 1 Notez que, bien qu’on lise l’arabe de droite à gauche, on lit les the new French Republic on October 5, 1793, as a way to mark chiffres – et conséquemment les millésimes – de gauche à droite. En hébreu, les chiffres se lisent de droite à gauche, comme le the new era. Since the real Fall equinox was on September 22, reste de l’écriture. 1792, that day was chosen as the first day of An I (Year 1). The year was divided into twelve months of thirty days, or three Sources : decades, and ended with a period of five or six days called “sans- Bruce, Colin R. II, éd. Standard Catalog of World Coins, Krause culottide” (pantless), that was supposed to be used for Publications, Iola, WI, 2001. Republican celebrations. The names of the days and months Chamberlain C.C. et Fred Reinfeld. Coin Dictionary and Guide, Sterling Publishing Company, New York, 1960. were chosen by poet Fabre d’Eglantine. The months were: Grierson,Philip. Numismatics. Oxford University Press,New York, Vendémaire, Brumaire, Frimaire for Fall; Nivôse, Pluviôse, 1975. Ventôse for Winter; Germinal, Floréal, Prairial for Spring and Hobson, Burton et Robert Obojski. Illustrated Encyclopedia of World Messidor, Thermidor and Fructidor for Summer. This calendar Coins, Doubleday and Company Inc., Garden City, NY, 1970. was repealed on Fructidor 22, An XIII (September 9, 1805) to MacKay, James et John W. Mussel, editors. Coin YearBook – return to the Gregortian Calendar on January 1, 1806, which Millennium Edition, Token Publishing Limited, Horniton, UK, 2000. Raymond, Wayte, ed. Coins of the World – 19th Century Issues, 2nd means that An XIV had only 90 days. ed. Wayte Raymond Inc., New York, 1953. “Guide to All Types of Calendars.” www.calendartypes.com [accédé [Pelletier, Serge. The Canadian Dictionary of Numismatics | Le dictionnaire le 2011-05-15] canadien de numismatique. Ottawa: Eligi Consultants Inc., 2008.]
118 – [May 2011] Coin News The Canadian Numismatic Journal | [www.tokenpublishing.com] Le journal canadien de numismatique May 2011 [www.rcna.ca] May 2011
A tribute to the canoe on Canadian coinage Coins from a Roman settlement The life & times of Sweden’s plate money [medals] Birmingham celebrates: 1911 coronation commemoratives [Banknote] Replacement contagion Original Rolls of Newfoundland Coins Toronto’s Semi- [Banknote] Carlisle Banks – English banking in the shadow of Centennial 1834-1884 All Wettin Saxony A Celtic Copper Scotland [Banknote] On the note: Hand signatures on notes of Copy Conundrum Governor General Silver Medals 1921-1946 the Royal Bank of Scotland Tons of 1896 Cents Wrecked a Train Major Die Breaks - Cuds?
The Australasian Coin & Banknote Magazine The Numismatist [www.cruzis-coins.com] (American Numismatic Association) May 2011 [www.money.org] May 2011
1966 - Royal Australian Mint Proof & UNC Sets Those 1921 Canadian Rarities Dame Nellie Melba 1861-1931 The Coinage of Medieval Ireland An Award Medal to a SEABEE The Walrus Scrip of Russian America The Isle of Man and its Lions on Steel Lone Stars Rising: A Missing Numismatic Link Banknotes Issues Badges of Intolerance
[May 2011] – 119 120 – [May 2011] [May 2011] – 121 par Serge Pelletier
’est le 21 avril dernier que Sa Majesté la reine Mais le roi George VI, voulant s’assurer que c’était le vrai Élizabeth II, souveraine du Royaume-Uni de amour, demanda au prince Philippe de renoncer à son titre CGrande-Bretagne et d’Irlande du Nord, reine du de prince de la Grèce et du Danemark. Ce qu’il fit et, pour Canada et chef d’État de 14 autres pays du Commonwealth, bonne mesure, devint un sujet britannique et assuma le nom célébrât son 85e anniversaire de naissance. Mais le Royaume- de famille de son oncle, Mountbatten. Il fut nommé duc Uni ne fera officiellement la fête que le 17 juin, selon une d’Édinbourg peu de temps avant le mariage. vieille tradition mise en place pour augmenter les chances Ils se marièrent le 20 novembre 1947, à l’abbaye de que le beau temps soit au rendez-vous. L’an prochain la Westminster. Le nouvel héritier, le prince Charles, prince reine Élizabeth célèbrera son jubilé de diamants… le de Galles, est né le 14 novembre 1948. La princesse Anne 60e anniversaire de son ascension au trône. Le dernier joignit la famille deux ans plus tard. Tandis que la famille souverain britannique à avoir célébré un tel anniversaire fut royale s’agrandissait, la santé du roi, elle, s’affaiblissait. la reine Victoria, en 1897. C’est ainsi que la princesse Élizabeth et le duc d’Édinbourg Nous profitons donc de l’occasion pour faire une prirent le chemin de l’Australie et de la Nouvelle-Zélande, rétrospective de la vie de la reine Élizabeth II ainsi que pour en 1952, pour une visite d’état au nom du roi. C’est lors jeter un coup d’œil sur l’héritage numismatique de Sa d’un arrêt en route, au Kenya, qu’elle fut informée de la Majesté. mort de son père bien-aimé. Élizabeth était dans une maison dans un arbre au Treetops Hotel lorsqu’elle apprit la triste Brève biographie nouvelle, d’où les dires « qu’elle est montée princesse et Au moment de sa naissance, Son Altesse Royale la descendue reine ». princesse Élizabeth de York, premier enfant de Ses Altesses Ce n’est que le 2 juin 1953 qu’elle fut couronnée Royales le prince Albert et la princesse Élizabeth, de York, « Élizabeth la Seconde, Reine, par la grâce de Dieu, du était la troisième dans l’ordre de succession au trône suite à la page 124 britannique, et on s’attendait pas qu’elle y accède un jour. En effet, il était prévu que Son Altesse Royale le prince de Galles succède à son père, George V et qu’il se marie et ait des enfants. Il a bel et bien succédé à son père, à titre d’Édouard VIII, le 2 janvier 1936, mais abdiqua le 10 décembre de la même année, pour épouser Wallis Simpson, une divorcée américaine. Suite à cette abdication, le trône passa au duc de York, qui fut couronné sous le nom de George VI. La princesse Élizabeth devint ainsi l’héritière présumée du trône, c’est-à-dire qu’elle deviendrait reine à moins que ses parents ne produisent un héritier mâle. En 1939, alors âgée de 13 ans, elle rencontre le prince Philippe, un cousin éloigné (plus précisément, ils étaient troisième cousins d’après la lignée de la reine Victoria – elle était l’arrière-arrière-grand-mère des deux), de cinq ans son aîné. Ils tombèrent en amour et désiraient se marier.
1.1.1. Avers d’une pièce de 1 penny de l’Afrique de l’Ouest britannique sur laquelle Sa Majesté n’est représentée par une couronne et par son nom. ------1.1.1. Obverse of a 1-penny coin from British West Africa on which Her Majesty is represented by her name and a crown. 122 – [May 2011] by Serge Pelletier
n April 21, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, would succeed his father, George V, and then would marry monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and have children. While he did take the throne as Edward Oand Northern Ireland, Queen of Canada and VII on January 2, 1936, he abdicated later the same year, on Head of State for 14 other Commonwealth countries, December 10, so he could marry American divorcée, Wallis celebrated her 85th birthday. Following an ancient tradition Simpson. Following his abdication, the monarchy passed put in place to increase the chances for good weather, the to the Duke of York, who was crowned George VI. As a United Kingdom will wait until June 17 to celebrate the result, Princess Elizabeth became the heir apparent to the event. Next year, the Queen will celebrate her Diamond throne, meaning that she would become Queen as long as Jubilee... the 60th anniversary of her ascension to the throne. her parents did not subsequently have a male heir. The last British monarch to achieve this milestone was In 1939, at the age of thirteen, Princess Elizabeth met Queen Victoria, in 1897. distant cousin Prince Philip (actually, they were third cousins We’ll take advantage of these events to look back at through Queen Victoria’s line – she was their great-great- Queen Elizabeth’s life as well as to examine Her Majesty’s grandmother). Although Philip was five years her senior in numismatic heritage. age, they fell in love and felt they should get married. King George VI, like any good father, wanted to be sure that it Brief biography was true love, so he asked Prince Philip to renounce his title When she was born, Her Royal Highness, the Princess as Prince of Greece and Denmark. This he did willingly, Elizabeth of York, first-born of their Royal Highnesses, and for good measure, Philip also became a British subject Prince Albert and Princess Elizabeth of York, was third in and took his uncle’s family name of Mountbatten. He was line of succession as British monarch and there was little then named Duke of Edinburg shortly before the wedding. expectation that she would accede to the throne. In fact, The couple was married at Westminster Abbey on most expected that His Royal Highness, the Prince of Wales, November 20, 1947. The next heir apparent, Charles, Prince of Wales, was born on November 14, 1948, and Princess Anne arrived two years later. While the royal family grew in size, the King’s health deteriorated. As a result, Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburg headed to Australia and New Zealand in 1952, on a State Visit in the name of the King. It was during a stopover in Kenya that the couple learned of the death of the dearly-loved monarch. Elizabeth was in a tree-house at the top of the Treetops Hotel when she heard the sad news, and from this came the expression “she went up a princess, and she came down a queen.” It was not until June 2, 1953 that she was crowned “Elizabeth the Second, Queen, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and her other realms and territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.” At this point, we will pause in our brief biography so that we can turn our attention to an overview of numismatic items associated with Elizabeth’s life and reign. continued on page 125
2. 2. Obverse of a 5-cent coin from Mauritius with a “coronation bust.” ------2. 2. Avers d’une pièce de 5 cents de Maurice orné d’un « buste dit du couronnement ». [May 2011] – 123 suite de la page 122 Le « buste lauré » de Mary Gillick. 3.3.3. Type « sans pli sur l’épaule » sur une pièce canadienne de 1 dollar millésimée 1953. 4. Type « avec pli sur Royaume-Uni de la Grande-Bretagne et de l’Irlande du Nord l’épaule » sur une pièce canadienne de 1 dollar millésimée 1956. et de ses autres royaumes et territoires, Chef du ------Commonwealth, Défenseur de la Foi ». Mary Gillick’s “laureate bust.” 3.3.3. “Without shoulder fold” type on a Canadian 1-dollar coin dated 1953. 4. “With shoulder C’est ici que nous arrêtons notre très fold” type on a Canadian 1-dollar coin dated 1956. brève biographie pour nous tourner vers la monnaie qui lui est associée. Seychelles, Trinité-et-Tobago); les pays où on la retrouve que Une effigie bien sur les pièces de circulation répandue (Afrique du Sud, Gambie, Il est fort à parier Sainte-Hélène-et- que l’effigie de la reine Ascension et Tuvalu); les Élizabeth II est la pays où on la retrouve plus répandue au monde. tant sur les pièces En tout et partout, au de circulation que fil des ans, l’effigie (et sur celles de dans de rares cas que le collection (Afrique nom seul) de Sa Majesté de l’Ouest britannique, a été utilisée comme îles Cook et Nigeria); les représentation de pays où on la retrouve que l’autorité gouvernementale sur les pièces de sur les pièces ou billets de 56 collection (Aurigny, pays différents (dont Antigua-et-Barbuda, certains n’existent plus). Ce Barbade, Géorgie-du-Sud-et- sont de ces monnaies dont nous îles-Sandwich-du-Sud, île de parlerons et non celles sur lesquelles l’Ascension, îles Turques et on retrouve la reine Élizabeth II Caïques, îles Vierges britanniques, Malawi, comme sujet de pièces Niue, Pitcairn, Saint-Vincent-et-les- commémoratives (parfois émises par Grenadines, territoire antarctique des pays où elle n’a britannique, territoire britannique aucune responsabilité). de l’océan Indien, Tokelau, On peut partager ces 56 Tristan da Cunha et Zambie). pays en cinq groupes : les pays où on la retrouve tant Les pièces de sur les pièces que sur les monnaie billets (Afrique orientale Parlons maintenant britannique, Australie, de la présence de la Bahamas, reine Élizabeth II sur Belize, Bermudes, les pièces de monnaie. Canada, Ceylan, La reine a naturellement États des Caraïbes vieilli pendant ces orientales, Fidji, presque six décennies sur Gibraltar, Guernesey, le trône… Elle a aussi vieilli Honduras britannique, sur les monnaies. On Hong Kong, île de Man, îles retrouve, grosso modo, six Caïmans, îles Malouines, îles types de représentations pour Salomon, Jamaïque, Jersey, Sa Majesté, voyons-les de plus Malaya-et-Bornéo-britannique, près. Maurice, Nouvelle-Zélande, La première est celle où la reine n’est Rhodésie, Rhodésie-et-Nyassaland, représentée qu’en nom, souvent accompagné Rhodésie du Sud, Royaume-Uni et Sainte- d’une couronne. Cette approche a été utilisée au début de Hélène); les pays où on la retrouve que sur le papier-monnaie suite à la page 126 (Caraïbes britanniques, Chypre, Guyane britannique, Malte,
124 – [May 2011] continued from page 123 British Antarctic Territory, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Channel Islands, Malawi, Niue, A well-known effigy Pitcairn Island, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, South It would be a safe bet to say that the effigy of Queen Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Elizabeth II is known the world over. Whenever and Islands, Tokelau, Tristan da Cunha, and Zambia). wherever over the years, the effigy, and on rare occasions only the name, of Her Majesty has been used on the coins Coins and bank notes of some 56 different countries (of which Let us now look at how the Queen’s effigy has evolved several no longer exist) to represent the government’s on coins. As she has aged gracefully during her nearly six authority. This article will examine currency featuring Queen decades on the throne, her effigy has also changed. In Elizabeth II’s effigy that is, or has been, featured on general, we find six representative types for Her Majesty. commercial coins and bank notes, as opposed to Let us examine them more closely. commemorative ones. Some of the latter have even The first is where the Queen is represented been issued by countries where she holds no by name only (no effigy at all), often responsibility. accompanied by a crown. This We can group the approach was used during the aforementioned 56 countries 1950s, at the beginning of into five groups: her reign, on coins that countries where we find did not have enough Her Majesty’s effigy space for an effigy. on both coins and This was often due bank notes to a central hole, as (Australia, is found in Bahamas, Belize, coins from Bermuda, British British East East Africa, Africa, British British Honduras, West Africa, Canada, Cayman Fiji, Nigeria, Islands, and Southern Ceylon, Eastern Rhodesia. Caribbean The 1958- States, Falkland dated 1 penny Islands, Fiji, from British West Gibraltar, Guernsey, Africa, shown in Hong Kong, Isle of Figure 1, is a beautiful Man, Jamaica, Jersey, example of such a Malaya and British piece. Borneo, Mauritius, New The second Zealand, Rhodesia, representation of Her Majesty is Rhodesia and Nyasaland, the so-called “coronation” bust, or Saint Helena, Solomon portrait, such as is found on the Islands, Southern Rhodesia, Mauritian 5-cent coin in Figure 2. and United Kingdom); those 5.5.5. Arnold Machin’s “tiara bust” on a British 50-penny coin. This piece features the young ------countries where her effigy is 5.5.5. « Buste au diadème » d’Arnold Machin sur une pièce Queen, facing right, wearing the found only on bank notes (British britannique de 50 pence. Imperial Crown. This effigy was Antilles, British Guyana, Cyprus, used in the 1950s and early Malta, Seychelles, and Trinidad and Tobago); countries 1960s, and is found primarily on coins of the colonies: where her effigy is found on circulation coins (Gambia, Saint British East Africa, British West Africa, Belize, Eastern Helena and Ascension, South Africa, and Tuvalu); countries Caribbean States, Fiji, British Honduras, Hong Kong, where her effigy is found on both circulation and collector Jamaica, Jersey, Malaya and British Borneo, and Nigeria. It coins (British West Africa, Cook Islands, and Nigeria); and is interesting to note that Belize was still striking coins with finally, countries where her effigy is found only on collector this effigy in 2006, while Canada used a very similar one pieces (Antigua and Barbuda, Ascension Island, Barbados, continued on page 127
[May 2011] – 125 suite de la page 124 canadienne de 1 dollar (fig. 3 et 4). Notez que ce buste est son règne, dans les années 1950, sur les pièces qui n’avaient toujours utilisé au Royaume-Uni, mais que pour frapper les pas assez de place pour une effigie, habituellement à cause pièces Maundy. de la présence d’un trou au centre. Les pays qui Un nouveau buste fut introduit à la fin des ont utilisé cette approche sont l’Afrique de années 1960, début des années 1970, selon l’Est britannique, l’Afrique de l’Ouest l’endroit. Il s’agit du buste « au britannique, Fidji, le Nigeria et la diadème », signé Arnold Machin. Rhodésie du Sud. Un bel Près d’une trentaine de pays exemple est la pièce de l’utiliseront et ce jusqu’à la 1 penny de l’Afrique de fin des années 1980, début l’Ouest britannique, des années 1990. Il fut millésimée 1958 retrouvée utilisé tant sur les à la figure 1. monnaies de circulation La seconde que sur les pièces représentation de Sa destinées aux Majesté la reine collectionneurs (qui Élizabeth II est le firent leur apparition buste dit « du pendant cette couronnement » tel que période). Nous retrouvé sur la pièce vous montrons ici mauricienne de 5 cents à la l’avers britanniques figure 2. Il montre une jeune (fig. 5). reine, regardant à droite, Jusqu’au milieu des coiffée de la couronne années 1980, les bustes de Sa impériale (donc pointue). Ce buste Majesté étaient fournis par la a été utilisé dans les années 1950 Monnaie royale britannique, et au début des années 1960 assurant ainsi une représentation principalement dans les colonies : égale partout dans le monde. Ceci Afrique de l’Est britannique, allait changer avecl’introduction du Afrique de l’Ouest britannique, nouveau buste, dit Belize, États des Caraïbes « couronné ». Raphael orientales, Fidji, Honduras David Maklouf dessina le britannique, Hong buste britannique, mais, au Kong, Jamaïque, Canada, la tâche fut confiée Jersey, Malaya-et- à Dora de Pedery-Hunt, Bornéo-britannique et une médailliste Nigeria. Il est intéressant canadienne de de noter que le Belize renommée mondiale. l’utilisait encore en 2006 Bien que les deux bustes et que le Canada a utilisé aient été dessinés par un buste similaire pour sa différents artistes, ils pièce de 50 cents demeurent semblables. millésimée 2002, dédiée au Un buste de ce type a été 50e anniversaire de règne de utilisé (et l’est encore Sa Majesté. dans plusieurs cas) par 35 Pendant la même pays différents (fig. 6 et 7). période, un buste dit « lauré », C’est à l’aube du nouveau de Mary Gillick, fut utilisé en Afrique du sud, en Australie, aux suite à la page 128 Bermudes, au Canada, au 6.6.6. « Buste couronné » de Raphael David Maklouf sur une Ceylan, en Nouvelle-Zélande, en Rhodésie- pièce britannique de 1 livre millésimée 1985. 7. Le « buste couronné » canadien signé Dora de Pédery-Hunt. et-Nyassaland, en Rhodésie du Sud et au ------Royaume-Uni. On vous le montre ici sur une pièce 6.6.6. Raphael David Maklouf’s “crowned bust” on a British 1-pound coin dated 1985. 7. The Canadian “crowned bust” by Dora de Pédery-Hunt. 126 – [May 2011] continued from page 125 world-renowned Canadian medallist Dora de Pedery-Hunt. on its 50-cent piece commemorating the Golden Jubilee of Although the two portraits were designed by different artists, Queen Elizabeth’s reign in 2002. they are remarkably similar. The two designs, shown in During this same period, Mary Gillick’s Figures 5 and 6, have been featured on the coins “laureate” portrait was used on pieces of more than 35 countries and, in many from South Africa, Australia, cases, are still in use today. Bermuda, Canada, Ceylon, New With the dawn of a new Zealand, Rhodesia and millennium, the United Nyasaland, Southern Kingdom and Australia Rhodesia, and the United introduced a new effigy of Kingdom. You can see this Her Majesty, designed by effigy on the Canadian 1- Ian Rank-Broadley and dollar coin in Figure 3. known as the “mature Note that this bust is portrait with tiara.” always used in the Shown in Figure 7, this United Kingdom to portrait can also be strike Maundy coins. found on the coins of Another new effigy Bermuda, the Eastern was introduced at the end Caribbean States, of the 1960s and in the Gibraltar, Guernsey, Isle early 1970s, depending on of Man, Cayman the country. Designed by Islands, Cook Islands, Arnold Machin, and known as Jersey, New Zealand, and the “tiara” portrait, it was used Tristan da Cunha. While the by approximately thirty countries design of this effigy normally until the late 1980s and early 1990s. stops at the nape of the neck, a Featured on both circulation and collector version including the shoulders can coins, (which made their appearance during also be found. this period) it can be seen on the Canada, however, adopted a obverse of a British piece shown completely different mature effigy. at Figure 4. The “uncrowned” portrait The portraits of Her designed by Susanna Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Blunt, and shown in were always provided by Figure 9, was introduced in the British Royal Mint 2004. until the middle of the This concludes our 1980s, thereby quick review of the ensuring a consistent effigies of Queen representation Elizabeth II, found on throughout the world. coins. As for the This would change with immediate future, in introduction of the 2012 we all anticipate the “crowned” portrait. introduction of a “Jubilee” While the British bust portrait, as was done for would be designed by Queen Victoria. Raphael David Maklouf, in Canada the task would fall to Paper Money We will not make a portrait
8.8.8. Ian Rank-Broadley’s “mature portrait with tiara” on list for paper money because, at an Australian silver 1-dollar coin. 9. Canada’s “mature last count, 33 countries have used portrait” by Susanna Blunt. over thirty different effigies Queen Elizabeth on ------8.8.8. Le « buste mature au diadème » d’Ian Rank-Broadley sur une pièce their notes. However, we would like to highlight two australienne de 1 dollar en argent. 9. Le « buste mature » canadien, signé Susanna Blunt. continued on page 128 [May 2011] – 127 Sa Majesté la reine Élizabeth II sur le papier-monnaie canadien : Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on Canadian paper money: 10.10.10. 20 dollars 10.10.10. 20 dollars 1935. 11.11.11. 2 dollars 1954. 12.12.12. 20 dollars 1969. 1935. 11.11.11. 2 dollars 1954. 12.12.12. 20 dollars 1969. 13.13.13. 2 dollars 1974. 14. 20 dollars 2004. 13.13.13. 2 dollars 1974. 14. 20 dollars 2004.
suite de la page 126 continued from page 127 millénaire qu’un nouveau buste est introduit au Royaume- countries in particular: Canada and Scotland. Uni et en Australie. On a choisit de l’appeler « buste According to our research, Canada is the only country mature au diadème » (fig. 8). Réalisé par Ian Rank- to feature the effigy of Elizabeth II on its bank notes before Broadley, il fut également utilisé par les Bermudes, she was crowned queen. As can be seen in Figure 10, the les États des Caraïbes orientales, Gibraltar, Guernesey, 20-dollar note issued by the Bank of Canada in 1935 features l’île de Man, les îles Caïmans, les îles Cook, Jersey, la a vignette portrait of young Princess Elizabeth as the grand- Nouvelle-Zélande et Tristan da Cunha. Bien que le buste daughter of the King. Since then, we Canadians have seen habituel s’arrête à la nuque, il y a aussi une version qui our Queen mature gracefully on our bank notes, as she has comprend les épaules. on our coins. All notes of the Bank of Canada 1954 series Au Canada, c’est un tout autre buste mature qui est feature her effigy, as is shown in Figure 11. Afterward, adopté, un buste à la « tête nue » (fig. 9). Dessiné par Susanna however, we only find her portrait on the 1-, 2-, 20- and Blunt, il fut introduit en 2004. 1000-dollar notes, with new designs introduced in Voilà donc pour les pièces de monnaie. Nous nous 1969 (1-, 2-, 20-dollar), 1986 (2-, 20-, 1000-dollar) and attendons à ce qu’un « buste jubilaire » soit utilisé en 2012, 2004 (20-dollar). comme ce fut fait pour la reine Victoria. As for Scotland, even though this country is part of the suite à la page 142 continued on page 135 15. 15. Dos du billet écossais de 5 livre émis pour souligner le jubilé d’or de 15.15.15. Back of the Scottish 5-pound note issued to commemorate Her Sa Majesté, en 2002. Majesty’s golden jubilee in 2002.
128 – [May 2011] [May 2011] – 129 by Ron Cheek
he King’s Speech, this year’s outstanding movie, consort, Queen Elizabeth. This was the first visit to one of dramatizes the story of King George VI’s struggle the Dominions by a reigning sovereign. A spectacular to overcome a debilitating stammer so that he could success, the royal tour crossed then re-crossed Canada, Tperform his public speaking duties. In the film’s stirring covering more than 8,000 miles (13,000 km) in 22 days. conclusion, the King delivers his historic September 3, 1939, The King and Queen, accompanied most of the way by Prime speech from Buckingham Palace, announcing to the Minister Mackenzie King, visited every province, as well Commonwealth and Empire that Britain is again at war with as Newfoundland. There was also a four-day diplomatic visit Germany. The movie vividly portrays the times but, for the to the United States. The reverse of the souvenir medal sake of drama, alters history a little. The audience is led to (Fig. 2) shows a map of the route followed by the royal believe that the September 3 speech was the King’s first couple. The obverse has the conjoined busts of the King major public address. In fact, he made a speech, quite and Queen, the same design as used for their 1937 successfully, coronation to the medal. Larger Commonwealth versions, and Empire i n both bronze some months and silver, earlier – from which are seen Canada. less often, During the were offered 1939 Royal for sale to Tour, the King the public. addressed his The Royal 300 million Canadian Mint subjects in produced all of a radio them. address As war delivered clouds loomed from over Europe in Government early 1939, House in there was a Winnipeg. sense that a That was royal visit May 24, to Canada 1939, more would 1. 1. H.M. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth at Wolfe’s Cove to begin their visit to Canada . than three months strengthen before his famous address from Buckingham Palace.¹ Canadians’ ties with the Mother Country and the The familiar little bronze medal of the 1939 Royal Visit, Commonwealth for the coming ordeal. The bonds of empire so often seen in dealers’ “junk boxes,” was a souvenir given would be bolstered. The Government of Canada requested to Canadian school children so that they might remember a visit by the new King and Queen so that Canadians might the historic visit to Canada by King George VI and his see their sovereign and his consort in person, and not
130 – [May 2011] 2.2.2. The 1939 Royal Visit bronze medal (25 mm) given to remember his words, my dad told me: Canadian school children. The obverse shows the conjoined busts of the royal couple. This Percy “Everyone knew what the royal tour Metcalf design had been used for1937 was really about. We were going coronation medals. The reverse shows a to be in another war. But it map of Canada with the route of the royal tour. The United States was quite something to go portion of the tour is incomplete. into the city and see In fact, the tour ran from Niagara Falls to Washington, them. It was the first D.C. and back north through time a King had ever New York City to re-enter been here and we Canada at Rouse’s Point, NY. This side was didn’t intend to miss designed by Emanuel it.” Hahn. The King and Queen arrived in Canada on May perceive them 17, 1939 and merely as abstract sailed from symbols. Halifax for home Canadians would on June 17. During see the King their month in North performing his royal America, they duties as Canada’s traveled more than head of state. 10,000 miles (16,000 Canadians across the km). Their arrival in country would have a chance Québec City aboard the to see the royal couple as people Empress of Australia was and, it was hoped, be charmed by historic – the first time a reigning them. Eagerly anticipated once monarch had visited the New World. it was announced, the tour was wildly Greeted by Prime Minister Mackenzie successful, engaging millions King, the visitors were welcomed of Canadians in every part of with the words: “You have the country. I was not but left one home to come to around then, but my parents another.” We have were. They traveled to become quite used to Montréal from their royal visits and most home in the take them in their Eastern stride, but one Townships and can only stood for hours at imagine Dominion Square the excitement to see the King surrounding and Queen step out the 1939 royal onto a balcony at visit. T h e the Windsor Hotel. King Years later, I performed official discovered my royal duties at mother’s Royal Visit Quebec’s Legislative medal, the one Assembly, his first pictured here; in a small such act in person, i n souvenir box she kept on Canada. The her dresser. I was perhaps entourage then 13. I asked if it might join my proceeded by train to budding coin collection and my Montréal and on to Ottawa. In parents kindly gave it to me. As I Ottawa, although the stay was
[May 2011] – 131 3. 3. The 1-dollar coin issued to commemorate the royal tour. 4.4.4. Their Majesties on the front step of the Parliament Building in Ottawa. shortened because of a delay in the Atlantic crossing, the royal couple unveiled the National War Memorial, afterwards walking about and greeting the tens of thousands of war veterans crowding what is now Confederation Square. The cornerstone of the new Supreme Court building was laid. At the Parliament Buildings, the King gave royal assent to nine bills that had passed through the Canadian legislative process. As Canadian decimal coin collectors well know, this part of the royal tour is commemorated by our 1939 silver dollar (Fig. 3). It was then on to Cornwall and along the St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario to Toronto. “The Queen’s City” gave the royal couple a tumultuous welcome. One small memento from that time is this souvenir medal produced by The Sons of England Benevolent Society (Fig. 5). The Sons of England was a patriotic and benevolent will again see with the April 29, 2011 royal wedding). society for British ex-patriots living in Canada. Established Canada and Newfoundland issued special royal visit stamps. in 1874 in Toronto, it eventually spread across Canada and First day covers and postcards with these mementos were beyond. Its members, no doubt, delighted in wearing these eagerly collected. Plates, silver spoons, postcards, picture attractive medals as the King and Queen passed by. Other books, and the like, are still frequently found today, treasures souvenir medals were privately produced and sold, most of from a past generation. For all her life, my mother kept a a type that were suspended from a red, white and blue ribbon. tiny silver spoon with a royal visit medallion at the end of I have the ones shown here in my collection (Figs 8 and 9). the handle. Doubtless, there are many others. In fact, royal tour souvenirs The royal tour was, in reality, the granddaddy of all train of all kinds proliferated, as would be expected (and as we trips.² The pattern of settlement in Canada was generally in
132 – [May 2011] cities, towns, and farming communities along our two national railway lines. The government planned the tour 5. An attractive 1939 royal visit medal accordingly, in painstaking detail. The royal worn by members of the Sons of England Benevolent Society, an train had 12 cars, six owned by the Canadian organization founded in Toronto. Pacific Railway (CPR) and six by the Canadian National Railway (CNR), pulled by a locomotive that had been superbly painted royal blue with silver and gold trim. Covering more than 8,000 miles (13,000 km) in 22 days, the tour went west to Victoria on the CPR line and returned east to Toronto on the CNR line. It then covered the towns and cities of southwestern and southern Ontario before entering the United States at Niagara Falls. Throughout the Canadian tour, travel was mainly during the daytime so that as many people as possible could get to see the King and Queen, or at least greet their train as it passed slowly through their community. The stops were frequent. Press coverage was continuous and extensive. The CBC followed the tour with a crew of 100 and has left a rich audio archive of radio reports, descriptions, and on-the- spot impressions. Coverage of this important and historic month was not limited to Canada. Britons followed the royal tour with enthusiasm, eagerly devouring every detail, the speeches made and the exotic Canadian sights that the King and Queen saw. Not a day passed in Britain without theatre newsreels, newspaper spreads, and radio coverage extolling the virtues of Canada – its vast and spectacular landscape, its wonderful natural resources, and its friendly, diverse people. British accounts of the tour referred to King George VI as “the King of Canada.” Perception of Canada was forever changed. No longer seen as a colonial outpost, our young country was seen for what it was, a mature, loyal, welcomed the first British monarch to set foot on U.S. soil. but independent member of the British Commonwealth of After rousing renditions of God Save the King and the Star Nations. Spangled Banner by the U.S. Marine Corps Band, there The four-day United States portion of the royal tour took followed a spectacular parade to the White House. A royal a different tone but it was no less a success. Officially on a salute was fired as the parade began. The CBC reporter private diplomatic visit, the royal couple mainly traveled described the scene as one of “sheer beauty and terror” as through the U.S. countryside by night. But the June 8 arrival tanks rumbled along the parade route, followed by cavalry in Washington was anything but private. Tens of thousands regiments, artillery, and waves of marching troops. Overhead turned out to watch the royal train pass by as it entered flew bomber formations, flying fortresses, and battle aircraft Washington Station. Wearing his admiral’s uniform, the King squadrons. Two million people watched in Washington’s was introduced to President Roosevelt, who warmly summer heat. And amidst it all sat two kindly men in a
[May 2011] – 133 6. 6. Envelope with 1-, 2-, and 3-cent Royal Visit stamps bearing a cancellation stamp from the Royal Train. 7.7.7. Commemorative spoon. 8.8.8. A privately issued aluminum medal.
carriage, chatting amiably, followed in a second carriage by their two first ladies, sitting together under the Queen’s parasol. “Humanity surrounded by instruments of sheer might.” There was no doubt this scene was meant to impress the world as it lurched towards war. At the White House, diplomats of the world formed a “diplomatic ring” and greeted the President and the royal couple. A formal lunch, a drive through the U.S. capital and a state banquet followed. The next day, in an act echoing that of his grandfather in 1860, the King laid a wreath at the grave of George Washington, the man who had wrenched the American colonies from the British Empire. A CBC reporter eloquently described the moment as “driving to their rests the ghosts of yesterday.” Significantly, Mackenzie King stood nearby. American, as well as Canadian, support for Britain was being solidified by this historic royal visit. The royal couple visited New York City, the New York World’s Fair and spent a quiet Sunday resting at Hyde Park with the President before embarking northward for the remainder of their Canadian tour. Re-entering Canada at Rouse’s Point, NY, they passed through southern Quebec to the Maritimes. Visits to the three Maritime Provinces culminated in Halifax on June 17. The King and Queen sailed for home aboard the Empress of Britain, stopping at Saint John’s, Newfoundland on the way.
134 – [May 2011] 9. 9. This privately issued brass medal bears the royal coat of arms.
Many years later, during a visit to Canada, Queen Elizabeth, by then styled “the Queen Mother”, told Canadians:
“It is now some 46 years since I first came to this country with the King, in the anxious days shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War. I shall always look back upon that visit with feelings of affection and happiness. I think I lost my heart to Canada and Canadians and my feelings have not changed with the passage of time.”
Clearly, those who were around at the time of the 1939 visit also lost their hearts to their King and Queen. When the call came, Canadians responded. Nearly 1,160,000 Canadian men and women joined our armed forces during the Second World War. The CBC archives on-line has radio clips from some of the most dramatic moments of the royal tour: the arrival of the King and Queen at Québec City, the walkabout with war veterans at the unveiling of the National War Memorial in Ottawa, the meeting at Washington Station with President Roosevelt, and the departure from Halifax, to name a few. Go to http:// archives.cbc.ca/society/monarchy/topics/2367/ and listen. Allow yourself to be transported back in time to witness these historic moments as they took place. And the next time you see a 1939 Royal Visit medal in a bargain bin, rescue it. Give it a good home. It will remind you of a defining moment in our history.
Endnotes: ¹ The story is told in a February 10, 2011 article in the Winnipeg Free Press (p. A6). By May 1939, the King had been working for years with speech therapist, Lionel Logue, and his speech had improved dramatically. But it was not Logue who was at the King’s side in Winnipeg, it was his wife, Queen Elizabeth. ² A complete itinerary of the royal tour may be found at www.themetrains.com/royal-train-timeline.htm. Those who wish to learn of further details will enjoy Judy Blackman’s excellent article at http://www.yourcdncoinconnection.com/images/THE%20ROYAL%20TOUR%20OF%20CANADA%201939.pdf
continued from page 146 [Tulips] 6 Jus sanguinis (Latin: right of blood) is a social policy by which http://www.netherlandsnavy.nl/Sumatra_his.htm, viewed 2011-05-01) citizenship is not determined by place of birth, but by having a parent(s) 3 Stornoway House, located at 541 Acacia Avenue, Rockcliffe Park, who are citizens of the nation. It contrasts with jus soli (Latin for “right Ottawa, was the residence of the Dutch Royal family during its exile in of soil”). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jus_sanguinis viewed 2011-05- Canada from 1940-45. Purchased by a group of concerned citizens in 01) 1950 and later transferred to the federal government, it is now the 7 Jus soli (Latin: right of the soil), also known as birthright citizenship, is official residence of the Leader of the Opposition. (Source: http:// a right by which nationality or citizenship can be recognized to any en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stornoway_%28residence%29 viewed 2011-05- individual born in the territory of the related state. Jus soli is observed 01) by less than 20% of the world’s countries (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 4 Proclamation text (http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ Jus_soli viewed 2011-05-01) Proclamation_declaring_the_extraterritoriality_of_the_ 8 http://www.tulipfestival.ca/history/ viewed 2011-05-01. birthplace_of_Princess_Margriet_of_the_Netherlands_in_Canada viewed 9 Article: “Crown princess Juliana in 1945 said thanks with loads of 2011-05-01)) tulips” published April 7, 2002. http://www.godutch.com/newspaper/ 5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ index.php?id=166 viewed 2011-05-01. princess_Margriet_of_the_Netherlands#cite_note-1 viewed 2011-05- 10 http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=13629 viewed 2011-05-01. 01
continued from page 128 [Elizabeth II] United Kingdom, it has never featured an effigy of Queen Majesty to celebrate her Golden Jubilee. Elizabeth II on its bank notes. The only exception was when There you have it, a brief overview of the numismatics the Royal Bank of Scotland plc issued a commemorative 5- of Queen Elizabeth II. As you can see, the numismatic pound note in 2002, featuring a double portrait of Her heritage of Her Majesty is nothing short of outstanding.
[May 2011] – 135 NUPHILEX : NUPHILEX: édition printemps 2011 Spring 2011 show par Nicholas Faucher by Nicholas Faucher
e 25 mars dernier, mes parents et moi sommes allés n March 25, my parents and I headed to the à Montréal à Nuphilex pour magasiner et apprécier Nuphilex show in Montreal to shop and to Ldes pièces de monnaie. Je suis très content d’avoir Oappreciate coins by browsing the dealers’ wares. vu une grande variété d’articles numismatiques et d’avoir I was really pleased to be able to examine such a wide variety eu des discussions informatives avec des membres du Ottawa of numismatic items and to have many informal discussions Coin Club et d’autres gens. Dans cet article, je vous donnerai with Club members who were there, along with others. In mes impressions de cette exposition pleine d’action. this article, I will give you my impressions of this wonderful Lors de mon magasinage à la bourse, j’ai constaté qu’il show. y avait plusieurs produits numismatiques comme des livres, While shopping throughout the bourse floor, I noted that des pièces anciennes, des médailles, des pièces du monde, there were more numismatic items available than last time des jetons, mais surtout, des pièces canadiennes. Il y en avait – books, ancient coins, medals, world coins, and tokens, des chères et des pas chères. Il y avait des vendeurs de but especially more Canadian coins. There were both Québec, de l’Ontario, de l’Alberta, du Nouveau-Brunswick, expensive and inexpensive pieces. Dealers had come from de la Nouvelle-Écosse et de la Colombie-Britannique. En Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and even général, les vendeurs étaient très gentils et surtout très Alberta and British Columbia. In general, the dealers were patients. Ils m’ont permis de fureter à travers leurs « boîtes very welcoming and extremely patient. They allowed me to aux trésors » et leurs cartables remplis à rebords. En tant browse at my leisure through their “treasure chests” and que collectionneur d’erreurs et variétés, j’ai ramassé their stock boxes that were filled to the brim. As an avid quelques trouvailles comme une pièce de 1 cent 1881 frappée collector of errors and varieties, I managed to gather a few par l’atelier d’Heaton sur laquelle on peut observer une “treasures” for my collection, such as an 1881 1-cent piece erreur assez amusante illustrée dans le livre Charlton 2011 struck by the Heaton Mint on which you can see the et appelée « avec micro D » (fig. 1). J’ai aussi trouvé une delightful “micro D” error, featured in the 2011 Charlton pièce pareille à la précédente (sans « micro D ») mais avec Guide (Fig. 1). I also found the same piece without the “micro D,” but with a beautiful planchet flaw on the obverse (Fig. 2). Along with these, I found a 1973 nickel 1-dollar
1.1.1. Avers de la pièce de 1 cent 1881H dite « avec micro D » avec grossissement montrant les détails de cette variété. ------1.1.1. Obverse of the so-called “micro D” 1 cent 1881H with an enlargement showing the details of this variety.
136 – [May 2011] 2.2.2. Avers de la pièce de 1 cent 1881H montrant le défaut de flan. 3.3.3. Revers de la pièce de 1 dollar 1973 avec grossissement montrant le « collier ». ------2.2.2. Obverse of the 1 cent 1881H showing the planchet flaw. 3.3.3. Reverse of the 1973-dated 1- dollar coin with an enlargement that shows the details on the “necklace.”
[May 2011] – 137 4.4.4. Pièce de 10 cents 1951 frappée à coin commemorating the centennial of partir de coins entrechoqués. Prince Edward Island where, ------4.4.4. The 1951-dated 10-cent coin struck because of a beautiful die clashed dies. crack, the denticles form a chain along the entire circumference of the un très beau défaut de coin (Fig. 3). As well, flan sur l’avers I acquired a 10-cent (fig. 2). J’ai aussi piece with a superb trouvé une pièce die clash (Fig. 4) de 1 dollar 1973 that can be seen en nickel on both the commémorant le obverse and the centenaire de reverse – a rare l’Île-du-Prince- find indeed! For Édouard avec le grènetis enchainé (coin fendillé tout le tour de la pièce) (fig. 3). Une autre belle erreur que j’ai trouvée est une pièce de 10 cents avec un superbe entrechoquement de coins qu’on peut voir clairement sur les deux côtés de la pièce qui est beaucoup plus rare (fig. 4). Pour la plupart des vendeurs, surtout du côté du Québec, les pièces avec des erreurs mineures étaient très souvent indiquées sur les cartons. Étant un chasseur d’erreurs et de variétés, ce n’est pas la meilleure chose mais j’ai quand même fait quelques petites découvertes. the majority of Plusieurs the dealers, marchands ont dit especially those que le marché de from Quebec, the l’argent (métal) coins with errors prenait le dessus on them, even sur toute la bourse. minor ones, had the À toutes les tables, error indicated on the il y avait au moins 2 × 2 card. This wasn’t une poignée de pièces the best situation for me, d’argent usées qui as I like to find n’étaient pas dans des “unmarked” errors and cartons monétaires et qui se varieties in my searches, but I vendaient pour la vente au prix du managed to acquire a few choice lingot d’argent. Dans plusieurs cas, des 138 – [May 2011] centaines de pièces en argent de 10 cents, de 25 cents, de 50 pieces nonetheless. cents et de 1 dollar étaient sur les tables ou dans des vitrines. Several dealers said that the increasing price of silver Durant le temps que j’ai été là, le prix de l’argent a fait un bullion was reflected in the prices on the bourse floor. At all bond de 1 dollar l’once. Donc plusieurs pièces ont circulé the tables, there was at least a handful of well-circulated de table en table et ont été achetées par des investisseurs et silver coins that were not in 2 × 2 cards and were selling for collectionneurs. the price of their precious metal content. In several cases, Du côté de l’encan, je n’ai pas fait des achats hundreds of silver coins – 10 cents, 25 cents, 50 cents, and extraordinaires mais j’ai adoré la partie du visionnement 1-dollar – were available on the tables or in the display cases. des lots. Où ailleurs dans le monde et quand sera la prochaine In fact, during the period of the show, the price of silver fois que je verrai simultanément, ou encore mieux tiendrai bullion increased by at least $1/Troy ounce. As a result, dans mes mains, six pièces de 5 cents 1921? Pour quelques many pieces circulated from table to table and were bought instants, mon cœur a arrêté de battre! Ces pièces se sont by both investors and collectors alike. vendues pour un total de 34 039 $ (incluant les frais d’encan) As for the auction, I didn’t make any extraordinary selon Canadian Coin News. Cela représente 65,15 % des purchases, but I found that I really enjoyed the lot viewing prix tendance sans compter les taxes. J’ai aussi adoré this time. I was able to see six – yes six! – 1921 5-cent manipuler la pièce de 1 dollar 1982 au flan mince qui était pieces all at the same time. When and where is that likely to assez impressionnante. Il y en a seulement trois de connues! happen again? While I was looking at them, for a few Cette pièce était tellement mince qu’elle avait l’air toute moments it felt that my heart had stopped beating! According usée à cause du faible relief (dû au manque de métal). to a report in Canadian Coin News, the six coins sold for a J’aimerais remercier l’encanteur, monsieur Louis Chevrier total of $34,039.00 (including auction fees). This represents, pour sa générosité avec moi lors du visionnement des lots. on average, 65.15% of the Trends price, not including taxes Lui et ses acolytes ont partagé leurs connaissances acquises – a real bargain for the buyers! I also was delighted to examen lors de leurs nombreuses années dans ce domaine. J’ai eu la the 1981 1-dollar coin struck on a thin planchet. An chance de leur montrer certaines de mes pièces et ils ont fait impressive piece, there are only three known to exist. de même. J’ai eu de très bonnes discussions numismatiques Because of the planchet’s thinness, the extremely low relief, jusqu’aux petites heures du matin avec eux et j’en suis très which resulted from the lack of metal available to flow into reconnaissant. the dies made the coin look like it was well-circulated. I Pour la majorité des achats faits à la bourse, je dirais que would like to thank the auctioneer, Mr. Louis Chevrier, for les vendeurs laissaient partir leurs pièces pour environ 80 his kind consideration during the lot viewing. He and his % des prix des tendances. À l’encan, les pièces certifiées se staff generously shared the numismatic knowledge and vendaient environ 50 % des prix du catalogue sans les frais expertise they had acquired over the years. I had the chance d’encanteurs et les taxes. Il y avait de très bonnes aubaines! to show them a few of my own coins and they did the same. Pour les pièces plus chères, par exemple les 5 cents 1921, I was able to talk about coins with them until the wee hours les prix étaient un peu plus élevés. of the morning, and I am truly grateful for the opportunity. Durant mon séjour à Montréal, j’ai discuté avec quelques For the majority of the purchases made on the bourse membres du club au petit restaurant de l’hôtel et j’ai floor, I would say that the dealers generally sold their wares beaucoup apprécié leur temps. J’ai passé des moments très at around 80% of the Trends prices. In the auction, certified agréables. pieces tended to sell for about 50% of the catalogue prices, Par contre, pour la deuxième année consécutive, j’ai before auction fees and taxes. There were some real deals trouvé qu’il y avait peu de jeunes de mon âge. Je dirais to be had! For the most expensive coins, such as the 1921 5- même qu’ils étaient aussi rares qu’une pièce de 50 cents cent pieces, the prices were a bit higher. Throughout my 1870 « sans LCW »! J’ai vraiment hâte de retourner à trip to Montréal, I had many discussions with OCC members Nuphilex cet automne pour poursuivre ma chasse et in the hotel restaurant and I truly appreciated their time and possiblement écrire un autre article. consideration. It made for a most enjoyable time at the show. Je tiens à remercier M. François Rufiange pour la prise On the other hand, for the second consecutive year, I des photos qui accompagnent cet article. found that there were very few collectors of my own age. I would say that they were as rare as an 1870 “no LCW” 50- The Royal Canadian Numismatic Association’s cent piece. I am eager to return to Nuphilex in the fall to Annual Convention < Canada’s Money Collector Show > continue my hunt and possibly to write another article. will be held at the Saint Clair Centre for the Arts In closing, I would like to thank Mr. François Rufiange in Windsor, Ontario, on July 14-17. for his gracious work taking the photos that accompany this For more information consult: article. www.rcna.ca/2011/index.php
[May 2011] – 139 427 Squadron by Denis Mongeon, CD
his month we will discuss a unit that another 121 were shot down and taken is close to my heart because I prisoner, and 14 escaped to Allied lines. Tserved in it from 1999 to 2004: Indicative of the selfless bravery of the 427 Squadron Lion crews were four Distinguished 427 (Lion) Squadron was formed Service Orders, two Conspicuous overseas as a bomber squadron in the Gallantry Medals, 16 Distinguished Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) on Flying Medals, and 147 Distinguished November 7, 1942. It was the eighth of Flying Crosses. fifteen bomber squadrons so-formed. The On May 24, 1943, Metro-Goldwyn- Squadron first flew Wellington Mayer Studios (MGM) adopted the aircraft out of Croft, Yorkshire. It Squadron and allowed the names moved to Royal Air Force of such stars as Lana Turner, (RAF) Leeming, a station in Greer Garson, Joan North Yorkshire, from Crawford, Heddy Lamarr, which it started flying and others to be Halifax and Lancaster displayed on the (Fig. 2) aircraft. In addition, bombers MGM presented a o n May 3, 1943. bronze lion to the The Squadron’s first Squadron. This gift commanding officer and the affiliation was Group Captain with the MGM lion Dudley Burnside, mascot strengthened DSO, OBE, DFC. the Squadron’s Initially part of nickname. Another 4 Group, highlight was the the Squadron was presentation of a lion transferred to 6th cub, named Mareth, by Bomber (RCAF) British Prime Minister Group where it remained Sir Winston Churchill. until the end of the Second The Squadron was World War. disbanded on June 1, 1946. The Lion Squadron amassed On August 1, 1952, an enormous amount of flying 427 Squadron was reactivated at hours and won an impressive list of battle St-Hubert, Quebec, as a fighter squadron honours and individual distinctions. It flew 3200 flying F-86 Sabres. It subsequently moved to sorties, comprising 26,000 flying hours, during which it Zweibrucken, Germany, and served in France, Morocco, and dropped an incredible amount of bombs on Fortress Europe Sardinia, as ambassadors for Canada, before becoming the and its ports. During the war, 415 personnel were lost, first Canadian squadron to be equipped with the CF-104
140 – [May 2011] 2.2.2. One can find a Lancaster bomber, like those flown by 427 Squadron, on this 1991- dated 1-dollar municipal trade token issued by the Gander (NL) Chamber of Commerce.
Company; and to Joint Task Force 2 (JTF2). The Squadron will honour its glorious past by continuing to respond to today’s challenges while looking forward to those of the future.
The Squadron Badge The badge of 427 Squadron shows a lion rampant in front of a maple leaf (Fig. 1). The combination of a lion, representing England, and the maple leaf, Canada, indicates the formation of this squadron in England. The Squadron’s motto Ferte Manus Certas (Strike with a sure hand) is indicative of the unit’s origins as a bomber squadron.
The coins 427 Squadron is believed to be the first Canadian unit to have a “challenge coin.” The red squadron coin shown at Figure 3 first appeared in 1942-43 when Metro-Goldwyn- Mayer adopted the squadron. It shows a lion’s head – Starfighter in 1962. The Squadron was disbanded, again, reminiscent of MGM’s “roaring lion” at the beginning of on July 1, 1970. movies – in the centre of a maple leaf, and with the gold- On January 1, 1971, 427 Squadron returned as a tactical coloured legend LION SQUADRON at the top and METRO- helicopter squadron (427 Tac Hel Sqn) based at Petawawa, GOLDWYN-MAYER at the bottom. This design is used on the Ontario, where it remains to this day. Originally equipped obverse of subsequent coins. It is said that MGM issued with the L-19 Bird Dog, it received CH-136 Kiowa light these pieces to the members of the Squadron and that they observation helicopters soon after, as well as the CH-135 Twin Huey utility helicopters. The Squadron has participated in numerous overseas operations in Norway, Egypt, and the Sinai, as well as a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Central America. In 1992, 427 Squadron switched to a fleet comprised only of CH-135 Twin Hueys. Soon after, in March 1993, a flight [sub-unit] deployed to Somalia where it distinguished itself in day and night operations. 427 Squadron has been supporting missions in Haiti since 1995. The Squadron retired the Twin Huey in July 1997, which was replaced with the Bell CH-146 Griffon. 427 Squadron has since participated in operations in Canada (the 1998 ice storm and in the Arctic), Honduras, and Bosnia. On February 1, 2006, the unit was renamed once again as 427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron (427 SOA Sqn) and became a part of Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM). 427 SOA Sqn provides an aviation capability to the Canadian Special Operations Regiment; to the Joint Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Defence
3.3.3. This red piece was 427 Squadron’s first “unit coin,” and possibly the very first issued for a Canadian unit.
[May 2011] – 141 4.4.4. The 427 Tac Hel Sqn piece shows a CH-135 Twin Huey helicopter. 5.5.5. The 427 SOA Sqn coin shows a CH-146 Griffon helicopter. were a “lifetime pass” to MGM theatres. Unfortunately, little SQN. more is known. The current unit coin is gold plated, has a diameter of The next unit coin was struck during the “tactical 37.93 mm and weighs 29 g. The reverse design is very helicopter” role of the Squadron. Made of brass, the piece similar. A Griffon helicopter has replaced the Twin Huey is 38.55 mm in diameter and weighs 25 g. The reverse shows, and the name of the unit is now abbreviated: 427 SOA SQN. in the centre, a Twin Huey helicopter. There are two raised cartouches, immediately above and below the helicopter, Sources that are inscribed with the recipient’s information. In my The WWII Diary of Lancaster Pilot Bruce Johnston (http:// case, the number “99/039” indicates that I was the 39th lancasterdiary.net/Sep%201944%20plus/december_all_1944.php) member in 1999. My surname is engraved on the lower [2011-04-01] Air force web site (http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/1w-1e/sqns-escs/ cartouche. At the top of the piece, between 11:00 and 1:00 page-eng.asp?id=378) [2011-04-01] o’clock, is the abbreviated name of the unit: 427 TAC HEL “Lions” adopt lion (http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=12419) [2011-04-01]
suite de la page 128 2 $, 20 $), en 1986 (2 $, 20 $, 1000 $) et en 2004 (20 $). Le papier-monnaie Le second pays d’intérêt est l’Écosse qui, bien qu’elle Pour ce qui est du papier-monnaie nous n’en ferons pas fasse partie du Royaume-Uni, n’a jamais eu l’effigie de la la liste car, au dernier compte, il y avait près d’une trentaine reine Élizabeth II sur son papier-monnaie. Exception faite de bustes différents qui avaient été utilisés par 33 pays. Mais du billet de 5 livres de la Royal Bank of Scotland plc nous aimerions souligner deux pays en particulier. millésimé 2002, billet commémoratif qui souligne le Le premier est le Canada qui est le seul pays, selon nos 50e anniversaire de Sa Majesté sur le trône en montrant un recherches, à utiliser une effigie d’Élizabeth II avant même double portrait. qu’elle ne soit reine. En effet, le billet de 20 dollars de la Voilà donc un très bref aperçu de la numismatique Banque du Canada millésimé 1935 est orné d’une vignette d’Élizabeth II. Comme vous pouvez le constater, l’héritage montrant la princesse Élizabeth, petite-fille du roi (fig. 10). de Sa Majesté est énorme. Depuis lors, les Canadiens ont vu leur reine mûrir en âge. Le congrès annuel de Toutes les coupures de la série 1954 de la Banque du Canada l’Association royale de numismatique du Canada étaient ornées d’un buste de Sa Majesté (fig. 11. Par après, < Le salon canadien des collectionneurs de monnaie > on ne la retrouva que sur les coupures de 1, 2, 20 et sera tenu à Windsor (Ontario) du 14 au 17 juillet prochains. 1000 dollars avec un nouveau buste introduit en 1969 (1 $, www.rcna.ca/2011/index.php
142 – [May 2011] Antarctic Territory series celebrates orca
he eighth coin from the Australian Antarctic Territory series of the Perth Mint is struck from 1oz of 99.9% pure silver Tin proof quality and features the majestic orca or killer whale. The killer whale is a toothed whale belonging to the oceanic dolphin family. Killer whales have sophisticated social structures, hunting techniques and vocal behaviours, which are passed across generations. They also have keen hearing and good eyesight, both in and out of water, and a developed sense of touch. The killer whale’s large size and strength make it one of the fastest of marine mammals. The average lifespan varies according to habitat and lifestyle. The female killer whale is thought to live the longest, to a maximum age of 80 to 90 years. The coin’s reverse depicts a dual design of a mature killer whale and calf in colour under the sea, and a struck design showing an adult leaping from an ocean of floating icebergs. The background incorporates the outline of the Antarctic continent bordered by the inscriptions 2011 – KILLER WHALE and AUSTRALIAN ANTARCTIC TERRITOY. The Perth Mint’s “P” mint mark is also incorporated into the design.
< for mormor< e information: www.perwww.perwww.perthmint.com.au >
In the May issue of The Planchet: It’s all about production [Marc Bink] Sometimes you just gotta have style [Terence Cheesman] Canada’s odd man out [Pierre Driessen] [May 2011] – 143 by Steve Woodland
ith the arrival of spring, we all begin thinking about warmer days, green grass, and the appearance of Wseasonal flowers such as crocuses, daffodils and tulips. Here in Ottawa, we have a particular focus on the millions of blooms of the Canadian Tulip Festival will bring to the nation’s capital. The floral displays of the tulip festival are the largest in North America, and second in the world only to those of the Keukenhof, at Lisses, the Netherlands. The history of the Canadian Tulip Festival,1 now in its 49th year, and our love of tulips in the national capital, goes back to the Second World War when the Dutch Royal Family was forced to flee the Netherlands during the Nazi occupation. While the Dutch government operated in exile from London, England, Queen Wilhelmina sent her only child and heir to the throne, Princess Juliana, along with her two children, Beatrix and Irene, to live in Canada until it was safe to return home. The Princess and her daughters arrived in Canada during the summer of 1940, following a long sea journey from England to Halifax aboard the Dutch cruiser HMS Sumatra,2 and then overland by train to Ottawa. During their stay, the royal guests lived in Stornoway House3 in the beautiful Rockcliffe Park area of the city. Juliana’s husband, German-born Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, flew as a pilot in the Royal Air Force during the war. Nonetheless, as royalty, he was able to visit his family during their exile in Canada. When it was discovered, in 1942, that Juliana would give birth to their third child early in the new year, the Canadian government reacted quickly to pass a proclamation “That any place in Canada within which Her Royal Highness the Princess Juliana of the Netherlands may be confined shall, for the period of the lying-in and to the extent of actual occupation for such purpose, be extra-territorial...”4 This meant that when Princess Margriet was born at the
111. Tulip bed in the famous Keukenhof garden. 2. The obverse of a 1976-dated 200-guilder piece issued by the Netherlands Antilles bears the bust of Queen Juliana.
144 – [May 2011] Civic Hospital on January 19, 1943, she had full Dutch the Netherlands that brings us the beauty and majesty of the citizenship, as the land on which the maternity ward was tulips each spring. located was deemed to be outside Canada’s domain. Her Royal Highness Princess Margriet maintains a close Contrary to popular belief, Canada did not make the hospital connection with her birthplace, returning frequently to visit maternity ward Dutch territory.5 Margiet thereby derived our fair city. During her most recent visit, in May 2010, the her citizenship solely from her mother’s bloodline under Princess presented then Governor General Michaëlle Jean the principle of jus sanguinis6 (right of blood), and not from with the latest variety of tulip, a cultivar of the “Triumph” the place of birth class with deep under the principle maroon petals, of jus soli7 (right of which is registered soil), as her with the birthplace was Netherlands Royal essentially in General Bulb international Grower’s territory. To honour Association as the the news of the royal Michaëlle Jean birth, the Dutch tulip.10 tricolour flag was This year is no flown on the Peace exception, with two Tower while the new tulip carillon rang out “varieties” being with Dutch music. introduced. These, In the fall of however, are not 1945, following the imported from a end of the Second Dutch greenhouse, World War, Princess but are home- Juliana donated grown here in 100,000 tulip bulbs Ottawa at the Royal to the City of Ottawa Canadian Mint. On “... in appreciation of April 26, I was the safe haven that privileged to be members of present at the Holland’s exiled unveiling of the royal family Mint’s 2011 “Tulip received during the with Ladybug” World War II in coins, held at the Ottawa and in residence of His recognition of the Excellency Wim role which Canadian Geerts, troops played in the Ambassador of the liberation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.”8 This Netherlands to was followed the Canada. Located in next year by an Rockcliffe Park, the additional 20,500 Ambassador’s bulbs, accompanied residence is only a by Juliana’s personal short distance from promise of “...an 333. House where Princess Juliana and Prince Bernhard and family lived in Rockcliffe Park - 541 Stornoway House, Acacia Avenue. 4. Prince Bernhard, Princess Irene, Princess Juliana (holding Princess annual gift of tulips Margriet), Queen Wihelmina, and Princess Beatrix. where Princess during her lifetime Juliana and her to show her lasting appreciation for the capital’s war-time family lived. In addition to Ambassador and Mrs. Geerts, hospitality.”9 And so began the long and wonderful also present for the ceremony were Royal Canadian Mint’s association between Canada, its capital city of Ottawa, and Board of Directors member Claude F. Bennett, Bank of
[May 2011] – 145 5. 5. Profile view of the 20-dollar coin.
Canada’s Governor Mark J. Carney, City of Ottawa’s Mayor 5,000 pieces [which sold out on the day on the launch]. Jim Watson, Canadian Tulip Festival’s Media and Marketing The second coin revealed was a coloured 25-cent piece Manager Brent Gorham, RCNA Publicity and in specimen finish, with a reverse that features an identical Communications Director Serge Pelletier, and many tulip and ladybug design “painted” on a flat field. Struck on members of the Royal Canadian Mint’s team who worked nickel-plated steel, the piece is 35 mm in diameter. Presented on the design and production of the coins. and encapsulated in a colourful tri-fold theme card, the coin In his remarks, Ambassador Geerts thanked Canada and will be struck to demand. Canadians for all they have done for the Netherlands, the Following the unveiling, Director Bennett presented Dutch people, and for the Royal Family of Princess Juliana, Ambassador Geerts with a copy of the proof coin contained and emphasized the importance of the long-standing in a large frame with photograph and text. Guests then had relationship between the two countries. Director Bennett the opportunity to socialize and view examples of the coins spoke of the beauty and craftsmanship of the coins and while enjoying Dutch hospitality, chocolate, and coffee. explained the symbiotic relationship between the tulip and the ladybug – the tulip providing shelter for the ladybug, Endnotes and the ladybug providing protection from harmful insects 1 http://www.tulipfestival.ca/history/ viewed 1 May 2011 such as the aphid. 2 Princess Juliana and her children left Milford Haven, Bristol Bay, UK on The first to be unveiled was a 20-dollar proof coin in June 2, 1940 on the Dutch cruiser HMS Sumatra, escorted by the HMS Jacob van Heemskerck, arriving in Halifax harbour on June 11. (Source: 0.9999 silver, with a reverse featuring a coloured relief design of the Tulipa Ottawa and an embedded Venetian glass continued on page 135 ladybug. Designed by Royal Canadian Mint engravers and painted in vivid oranges, yellows and reds via the Mint’s patented tampographic process, this beautiful bloom is enhanced by the overlay of a life-size ladybug designed and hand crafted in Italy by Giuliano Donnagio. As the ladybugs were all individually hand painted, each coin is therefore unique. Due to the depth of relief added by the ladybug, protection is provided by a specially designed extra-deep capsule. The coin has a diameter of 38 mm, weighs 31.39 g, and has limited mintage of only
777. Ottawa mayor Jim Watson shows the 20-dollar coin as Royal Canadian Mint Board of Directors member Claude F. Bennet (left) and Kingdom of the Netherlands Ambassador to Canada Wim Geerts (right) look on.
146 – [May 2011]
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[May 2011] – 147 ell, the Royal Wedding has come and gone. May the Duke and Duchess of WCambridge live happily ever after. We thought we would bring you up to date on some of the ways the wedding was commemorated.
Kilo coins The day of the wedding the Royal Mint boasted that it had “created a unique piece of Royal Wedding history like no other,” by striking 1 kilo gold and silver coins. “It is the first time in the Royal Mint’s 1000-year history that kilo coins have been made to celebrate a Royal Wedding day. Making them among the most expensive, rare, and exclusive items to commemorate the Royal Wedding.” Struck for Alderney, the most northerly of the Channel Islands and part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the kilo coins are a whopping 100 mm in diameter and contain 1000 g of precious metal. The gold pieces have a 1000-pound denomination and weigh 1096 g, which is slightly over a kilo because it is struck from 22-karat gold. The mintage was set at a maximum of 40 pieces. Their price was set at £40,000 each. The silver pieces have a 50-pound denomination and weigh 1000 g because they are struck from pure silver. The mintage was set at a maximum of 200 pieces. Their price was set at £1650 each. The reverse shows a traditional portrait of Prince William and Miss Catherine Middleton (Fig. 1).
All little something for the bride The Royal Mint was also involved in the wedding itself, albeit out of plain view. Indeed, the Mint commissioned British shoe designer Georgina Goodman to create exclusive couture wedding shoes that were offered to the princess-to-be (Fig. 2). Georgina’s unique design includes a lucky silver 6 pence embedded within the front of the shoe, putting a modern twist on the traditional wedding rhyme: “something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue, and a silver sixpence in her shoe.” The body of the shoe is made from Italian suede and lace while the heel is embellished with Swarovski crystals.
148 – [May 2011] Celebrations down under The Royal Australian Mint also got on the bandwagon and issued coins for both the engagement and the wedding. The engagement is celebrated on a 50-cent coin. Dated 2010 to mark the year of the engagement, it was designed by The Queen’s goldsmith and jeweller, Mr. Stuart Devlin, who has also designed a number of Australia’s circulating coin. The reverse shows a bouquet of roses surrounded by lattice work. The coat of arms of the Prince is located at 6 o’clock. There is an uncirculated version, struck of cupro- nickel, and a proof version, struck of .999 silver with the bouquet selectively plated in gold (Fig. 3). As for the Royal Wedding, it was commemorated on two coins. The first, a
20-cent piece (Fig. 4), was released into public circulation after the wedding. It features a detailed sculpted portrait of the couple that went through a highly consultative approval process with Her Majesty The Queen. A collector 50-cent coin, bearing the same design, was also issued. Like the aforementioned one, this 50-cent is an uncirculated version, struck of cupro-nickel, and a proof version, struck of .999 silver with the rose located at the bottom of the portrait selectively plated in gold (Fig. 5). There may have been other coins issued to mark these royal occasions; it is now up to you to discover them!
[May 2011] – 149 150 – [May 2011]