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Infrastructure special Switzerland’s Gotthard Base Tunnel A Look at 3 Important Railway Bridges
ISSUE TWO 2016
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2 Letter from the Editor Welcome to the second magazine issue of 2016 for Railway-News.
Welcome to the second magazine about the importance of visual ANDREW LUSH issue of 2016 for Railway-News. communications in calming Director Spring is here and the Railway-News disgruntled rail passengers. [email protected] website has been given a new, sleek and modern look. Do go and take a ASC (Advanced Sensors Calibration), JOSEPHINE CORDERO SAPIÉN look at www.railway-news.com. with headquarters in Germany, Editor-in-chief introduces itself and discusses the [email protected] This issue focuses on infrastructure. typical applications of ASC sensors in Although we’re in the rail sector, we the rail sector. Eltek presents its power can never help being a little bit excited conversion module that is perfectly NICOLA BROWN Head of Sales by tunnels and the engineering feat suited for rail and metro. Finally, Argus [email protected] that they are. So we are very pleased Fluidhandling, part of the Alfa Gomma this issue to have an article about the Group, announces the acquisition of Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland, Hiflex Europe Group. NAOMI THOMPSON which goes under the Alps and opens Contributing Editor on 1 June, ahead of schedule! We also All of us here at Railway-News hope [email protected] take a look at railway bridges, starting you enjoy this issue as much as the with the 19th century Forth Bridge last. If you have any questions or AMBER GUY-KEMP and finishing with the Third suggestions, please don’t hesitate to Head of Client Content Bosphorus Bridge in Turkey, which is get in touch. We would also very [email protected] to open in May/June of this year. much like to hear any comments about anything you’ve read in our A2B Global Media We are also expanding our regular magazine. Our upcoming issue will be Third Floor features section. In addition to an published just prior to the British 11–15 Dix’s Field infrastructure piece and an article with referendum on its EU membership. Exeter EX1 1QA United Kingdom a European focus in every issue, we How will the outcome impact the rail are adding an interview and a cartoon. industry? Please email jcs@railway- Office: +44 (0)1392 580002 In this issue we take a look at the news.com with comments. Mobile: +44 (0)7432 725001 creation of the Single European Meanwhile, enjoy the read and we will Railway Area as our European article. be back again in June. Email: [email protected] The interview piece ties in nicely as Website: www.railway-news.com we spoke to Richard French at Bombardier about its role in Shift2Rail. If you would like to submit editorial content, or you are interested in giving We have guest contributions by an interview for the magazine, please Michelle Papayannakos, RSSB’s contact Josephine Cordero Sapién. If sustainable development specialist. you would like your company to join Railway-News’s online platform, She discusses how we can increase please contact Andrew Lush. sustainability for the rail industry. Sustainability is an increasingly To subscribe to our newsletter, visit important issue, not just for railways www.railway-news.com. but for all areas of transport as well as for industry and private citizens. Josephine Cordero Sapién, COVER: Courtesy of Herrenknecht AG editor-in-chief Jake Mason, CEO of Evolve, writes
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EDITORIAL FEATURES p.12 Railway Bridges A look at four iconic railway bridges, from a UNESCO World Heritage Site, to a bridge that turns into a tunnel and a crossing between Europe and Asia that is set to be the widest suspension bridge in the world. p.32 Universal Access to European Rail Transport 16% of the population of the European Union are affected by disability. What is being done in the rail industry to allow people with reduced mobility and sensory impairments to participate in society and access public transport? p.40 Making the Railway More Sustainable RSSB’s Sustainable Development Specialist Michelle Papayannakos talks to us about what the industry is doing to make rail greener and gives us an insight into RSSB’s Sustainable Development programme. p.46 Designing a Visual Communications Strategy is Key to Calming Disgruntled Rail Passengers Jake Mason, CEO of Evolve, discusses how visual communications can be used to keep passengers happy.
REGULAR FEATURES p.6 Major Infrastructure Projects in the Rail Industry Gotthard Base Tunnel A detailed look at the behind-the-scenes stats and details about the longest railway tunnel in the world, which runs under the Alps and is due to open 1 June 2016. p.11 Cartoon p.20 Europe The Single European Railway Area A look at the EU’s railway packages in order to create a standardised, efficient, competitive railway industry in the European Union. p.24 Interview Sharing Risk to Take Risks Railway-News speaks to Bombardier about Shift2Rail, an undertaking to support the creation of a Single European Railway Area p.44 Upcoming Events May – June 2016
SUPPLIER FEATURES p.16 ASC – Acceleration and Rotation Rate Sensors What are the typical applications of ASC sensors in the railway sector? p.28 Eltek: A Breakthrough in Power Conversion Ready for Rail and Metro The Rectiverter is the world’s first 3-port bidirectional power conversion module, combining the functionality of a rectifier and an inverter in one unit. p.38 Argus Fluidhandling, part of Alfa Gomma Group, acquires Hiflex Europe Group This is a positive step for Alfa Gomma Group in strengthening its presence in the German and British markets.
5 Gotthard Base Tunnel
A Ground Breaking Project By Naomi Thompson
Sedrun Shaft © AlpTransit Gotthard Ltd.
6 S211 Tunnel Boring Machine. Herrenknecht AG
The first Gotthard Tunnel through 40oC and humidity of up to 70%, the Gotthard Massif is 15km long all had to be contended with, as and took ten years to build, from Construction well as a high risk of corrosion 1871 to 1881. Its construction AlpTransit Gotthard, a wholly from an aggressive saline required the use of explosives, owned subsidiary of the Swiss environment, brake and concrete entailed the deaths of hundreds of Federal Railways (SBB) was dust and soot particles in the workers and originally ran steam responsible for the construction of environment. trains – and although this makes it the tunnels. The work was broken an engineering feat of its day, it down into four segments, Because of the narrow diameter of undertaken by the Transtec rendered it a grim business the tunnel, the logistics of Gotthard consortium consisting of nonetheless. transporting equipment and four companies: Atel workers into the tunnel was Installationstechnik AG (lead), The latter incarnation, the intricate; nearly everything was Alcatel-Lucent Schweiz AG/Thales Gotthard Base Tunnel, is equally as transported as far as 40km into Rail Signalling Solutions AG, Alpine impressive an engineering the tunnel by rail from two Mayreder GmbH and Balfour achievement, but not nearly so installation yards at the north and Beatty Rail GmbH. Additional grim. It is 57.1km long, it has taken south portals. In addition, all works have been carried out by 12 years to construct, and runs equipment had to be transported partners ABB Schweiz AG, 600m below its predecessor. It Burkhalter AG, IBM Schweiz AG, and stored in containers which will run electric trains at up to Kummler+Matter AG, Pöyry Infra would protect them from the 150km/h, and at a cost AG and Scheuchzer AG. environmental conditions, making €9.34billion, it will revolutionise them heavy and cumbersome. north-south rail travel in Europe by linking Erstfeld and Bodio in The Challenges Also, larger equipment and Switzerland. It is the longest, 600m below the earth could be materials had to be delivered in deepest railway tunnel in the safely described as hostile terrain. exactly the right order because world, and is due to open, ahead The climactic conditions, such as there was no room to shuffle of schedule, on 1 June 2016. ambient temperatures of up to them once inside the tunnel.
7 Erstfeld Track Installation © AlpTransit Gotthard Ltd.
There was sometimes no room to named Gabi I and II, Sissi and pour 131,000m2 of concrete and deliver components whole, Heidi, are big girls; S-210s and S- lay 290km of rails. meaning that some had to be 211s respectively. Both weighed assembled underground. more than 2,700 tonnes and were 8.8m in diameter for the first part Catenary System The tunnel was split into four of the tunnel, before being refitted The R250 GBT overhead catenary sections, and each section was with 9.4m heads for the second. system in the tunnel is cutting- constructed in the same way – They were both 440m long and edge; the overhead conductor rail installing temporary structures and tunnelled up to 40m per day consists of an aluminium profile and the copper catenary wire cables, which were systematically requiring 17 men to operate them. clamped inside, delivering the replaced by permanent ones, They were operational 320 days a same power as a standard starting with the track in order that year. They cut through slate, catenary system but reducing equipment and materials could be gneiss and granite with 62 roller installation space, meaning that transported to the work site, and bits, requiring 2,500 kW energy to the tunnel diameter is smaller than then catenary system to supply propel them, shifting a total of would be expected from a the electrics. There followed 28million tons of rock. The standard overhead cabling system. wiring, data points, technical machines for the project were The system is capable of systems and testing equipment. built by Herrenknecht AG. supporting trains travelling at Measuring technology provided by speeds of up to 250km/h. A peak Leica Geosystems and Amberg Trackwork value of 2,220 A over any 15 Technology was in constant use, The trackwork was undertaken by minute period in the R 250 GBT ensuring that everything was Balfour Beatty and Renaissance system meant that a parallel carried out correctly on the first construction, who installed feeder cable was required. attempt. Sonneville Low-Vibration Track in both tunnels over the course of 39 Installing 57km of cable into two Tunnel Boring months. The construction took single-track tunnels was a 125 engineers working in shifts for logistical feat in its own right; Machines 24 hours a day, seven days a week installation specialists The tunnel boring machines, to lay 380,000 sleeper blocks, Kummler+Matter and Balfour
8 Beatty Rail undertook the venture. and sends instructions directly and the fans and cooling towers The saline conditions required that into the train cab to instruct the had to be as unobtrusive as all components needed to be driver on the safest and most possible, and the whole system made of hot-galvanised steel, with efficient routes. The system does had to be robust enough to all screw joints and relevant away with the need for red lights survive the environmental fixtures heavier than aluminium. and manual braking. conditions. Re-tensioning devices, cantilevers, drop tubes, feeder supports and silicon insulators were all tested Ventilation and Tunnel Control Sedrun Shaft Gotthard Ltd. © AlpTransit extensively to meet the demands Cooling System System of the environmental conditions The ventilation and cooling The tunnel control system was within the tunnel. system was a two-phase project; provided by Siemens who installed the first was for the construction their LP60 Tunnel Control System, The tunnel holds 2,800km of phase and the second is for a pair of tunnel control centres cables for power supply and data (TCC) at the north and south communications. NKT Cables passenger systems. During portals of the tunnel, which will provided 170km of 120mm2 CuAG construction, with diesel engines, house two fully redundant Tunnel contact wire and 70mm2 of Bz machinery, heat from the rock messenger wire, as well as 850km mass and tunnel walls, and the Control Systems (TCS). These of copper overhead lines, in tonnes of cement which heated as systems monitor and control all of addition to 100km of Al wires of they hardened, the cooling system the electrical systems in the different cross-sections as feeder was required to maintain tunnel, collecting, consolidating and return conductors were being acceptable working conditions. and visualizing data in order to installed. provide maintenance It also had to be a compact management strategies as well as system that would not interfere emergency responses. A Signalling with the installation of the secondary, identical TCS is Thales were the preferred bidder catenary system and track laying, installed in the TCCs as backup, to supply the interlocking and and, to fulfil safety requirements, guaranteeing the highest level of signalling systems for the 300 include airlocks at four points safety. trains per day that will run through along the length of the tunnel. the tunnels at speeds of 140km/h The incident tunnel had to be The tunnel is continuously to 250km/h. The system installed pressurised in order that it remain monitored, any malfunctions are will be European Train Control smoke-free in the event of a fire, immediately reported and a System Level 2 (ETCS 2), the standard signalling control system in Europe.
The ETCS signalling, control and train protection system, which was developed with the support of the European Commission in order to standardise signalling and control systems in Europe to enable easier cross-border travel, is an automatic train protection (ATP) system. It relies on real-time monitoring and communication between the radio block centre (RBC), track, cab and other trains, taking into account location, speed, predicted speeds (on bends, for example) and infrastructure integrity. It then First Test Drive © AlpTransit Gotthard Ltd. analyses this data automatically
9 © Herrenknecht AG
message navigation system identifies the exact point of issue, for example, the status of radio communication equipment, emergency calls and status of lighting and track monitoring systems. By delivering a visual overview to the operator of the status of the tunnel and the location of trains in the tunnel, the operator has a clear understanding of the status of the tunnel at all times.
In emergency scenarios, the first Installation of the Ventilation System at Erstfeld point of interest is the rail traffic © AlpTransit Gotthard Ltd. monitoring function. Once
10 detected, a notice of malfunction The system also enables reactive A Once-in-a- would be delivered to the relevant and predictive maintenance with a electrical system via the “tunnel centralised planning system; Generation Project reflex” facility which initiates all alerting the operator as to what The original Gotthard Tunnel used scenarios to address the maintenance is required where, cutting-edge, innovative malfunction: activating and even where the tools and techniques in its construction; appropriate ventilation to the area, initially this was gunpowder and components are stored with the switching lights on, opening doors hand drills, boring around 75cm a relevant maintenance manuals. at appropriate points so that an day. Dynamite and pneumatic emergency evacuation can take drills were introduced a year into place. Rolling Stock the construction, increasing the boring rate to around four metres Stadler Rail were the preferred The system even goes so far as to a day. It was physically demanding bidder to supply the rolling stock drain the storm water reservoir at work in unsafe conditions, without for the tunnel. They have supplied the north or south end of the the benefits of adequate cooling 29 11-car EC250 trainsets, each tunnel so that the water is and ventilation systems, and no 200m long with capacity for 400 accessible to fire-fighting health and safety regulations to operations and to change the passengers. They offer disability protect workers. That 15km ventilation routes to minimise access with low floors and wide tunnel, which is still in operation, smoke damage. The system issues doors and aisles. They also have a was an engineering marvel of its step-by-step instructions to the dining car, quiet, family and day. It is therefore fitting that the operator as to each course of business zones, and power- 57km Gotthard Base Tunnel will action to ensure procedures are sockets at every seat. Their be lauded as the engineering followed. maximum speed is 249km/h. marvel of our generation.
Gotthard Base Tunnel opens early
11 Railway Bridges
By Josephine Cordero Sapién
Our railways have always been reserved for any particular period materials such as iron towards associated with major in history. The infrastructure light-weight, greener solutions, infrastructure projects. Just in the projects of the past were just as our railways have undergone the last issue of this magazine we saw impressive for their day as the same transformation and now the incredible engineering behind engineering developments of our face a pivotal role yet again as the London’s Crossrail project. In this time. And indeed, the environmentally friendly, high- issue we also look at the Gotthard development of the railway was speed, clean form of transport for Base Tunnel in Switzerland, a instrumental in driving forward the both passengers and freight. tunnel running 57km under the industrial revolution, a turning As such, this article wants to Alps, making it the longest railway point in history for humankind. As celebrate some of engineering tunnel in the world. It is set to our society has been transformed marvels that carry our railways: open 1 June 2016. These by ever-new innovations in every bridges. First we take a look at engineering feats are not just field including engineering and Forth Bridge in Scotland, which reserved for underground construction, away from a world opened in 1890 and is a UNESCO construction, nor are they of coal and soot and heavy World Heritage Site.
Forth Railway Bridge, Scotland accredited to: Dave Conner (http://ow.ly/10pXby), Creative Commons license
12 The early years of the bridge’s construction were focused on building the granite piers. To allow the men access to the floor of the Forth, wrought iron cylinders were pushed into the riverbed; next the water was pumped out, providing the access. In fact, the bottom of these caissons had to be filled with compressed air for this reason, Forth Bridge accredited to: Dr Michael Scuffil meaning the men had to go through air locks to access the Next, we look at the longest became possible for the first time site6. railway bridge in Europe, Øresund to mass-produce steel Bridge, which connects Sweden inexpensively in the mid-19th After the granite piers were and Denmark and was opened in century. These two factor complete, work began on the 2000. together triggered a period of steel superstructure, first upwards, great expansion of the railways. then outwards, allowing people to Finally, we look at Yavuz Sultan This development further marvel at the sheer scale of the Selim Bridge, or the Third highlighted the need for a bridge construction. Indeed, 53,000 Bosphorus Bridge in Turkey, which over the Forth. An engineer called tonnes of steel were used7. When connects Asia with Europe. It is set Thomas Bouch put forward plans it was complete, the bridge to open in May/June this year. for suspension bridges to cross underwent load-testing, taking the Tay and Forth estuaries. twice the load the bridge was Construction commenced, but designed for. In February 1890 the Forth Bridge the Tay Bridge collapsed, halting first complete crossing took Location: Scotland, UK construction on the suspension place8. When the bridge was Completed: 1890 bridge across the Forth. However, formally opened the following Length: 2529m in 1881 John Fowler and Benjamin month by the Prince of Wales Type: Cantilever Bridge Baker submitted their plans for a (later King Edward VII), he bridge. They were approved by knighted Benjamin Baker during The Forth Bridge in located in Parliament and construction of the ceremony9. eastern Scotland. It crosses the this bridge began in 1883 with the Firth (estuary) of Forth, where the contract having gone to Messers The bridge runs a double track. In River Forth flows into the North Arrol & Co of Glasgow3. 2000, 54,080 passenger trains Sea. Fife is located to the north crossed the bridge, with 190–200 and Lothian, home to the Scottish Forth Bridge is a cantilever bridge, trains a day in 200610. It is now capital Edinburgh, to the south. meaning that it is constructed owned by Network Rail. Initially, the people who wanted to using cantilevers, i.e. horizontal cross the estuary relied on ferries structures that are only supported The bridge was put forward by the and indeed, there are records of a at one end, leading to a UK Government as a candidate to regular ferry service here dating suspended span in the middle of be included on UNESCO’s list of back as far as the 12th century. the bridge. At the time of its World Heritage Sites in 2011. In Over time this ferry link become construction, it was the longest 2015 it was inscribed on increasingly busy and the need for cantilever bridge span in the world UNESCO’s list as a building of fixed-link crossing that was not and even today it is still the special architectural or historic weather-dependent became second-longest4. interest, under criteria i and iv. increasingly obvious1. UNESCO says: During the peak of its seven-year “The Forth Bridge is an At the same time it was known construction phase, 4,600 men extraordinary and impressive that a stiff wheel on a rigid rail was worked on the bridge. It is likely milestone in the evolution of more energy-efficient than road 63 men died building it and many bridge design and construction transport per tonne-mile. It then were left crippled5. during the period when railways
13 to promote regional development, taking into account Sweden’s decision to apply for membership of the European Community, as a connection between the two largest cities in the region as they were struggling economically, and to improve access to Kastrup Airport, the main airport in the area14.
As a cable-stayed bridge, it has two pylons on which cables are mounted that support the bridge Øresund Bridge and Peberholm Island structure. The 203.5m pylons are 490m apart, meaning that this came to dominate long-distance the bridge joins the Drogden bridge has the longest cable- land travel, innovative in its Tunnel, which emerges at Kastrup stayed main span in the world for concept, its use of mild steel, and on Amager Island. Peberholm rail traffic15. The construction of 11 its enormous scale.” Island itself is a nature reserve that the bridge was awarded to the was made of the rock and soil Sundlink Contractors with 95% of dredged up when the bridge and the workforce coming from the Øresund Bridge tunnel were constructed12. Øresund region. During the peak Location: Sweden / Denmark construction period, around 5000 Completed: 2000 The governments of Sweden and workers were involved, including Length: 7845m Denmark first agreed to build this off-site workers in Sweden and Type: Cable-stayed Bridge bridge in 1973. The combined Spain. The sand and steel used road/rail plans were approved by came from Denmark, the granite The Øresund Bridge is both a the Danish and Swedish from Sweden and quarried 16 railway bridge and a road bridge. It parliaments in 1990. Construction material from Norway . crosses the Øresund Strait that ultimately began in 1995 and was runs between Sweden and completed in 200013. The purpose Being in such an environmentally Denmark. It crosses from the of the link shifted over time, but fragile area, the most stringent Swedish mainland to the artificial the key objectives were to environmental regulations were Danish island of Peberholm in the improve connections between adhered to with more than middle of the strait, whereupon northern Europe and Scandinavia, US$300 million being spent on environmental protection during the construction phase. Another major green benefit of this bridge is that the switch away from ferry travel across the strait has reduced air pollution in the area17.
The rail track is a double track at standard gauge and the trains can travel up to 200km/h. The railway was completed on 1 December 1999, however, as Denmark and Sweden have different electrification and signalling systems, it was agreed that the railway would use the Danish Øresund Bridge accredited to: News Oresund (http://ow.ly/10pWMw), standard over the crossing before Creative Commons license switching to the Swedish standard
14 at the bridge’s eastern end. Now highest pylon in the world, Bosphorus Region is more secure more than 150 trains cross the standing tall at 322m19, which also seismically when compared to bridge every day18. makes them taller than iconic İzmit shoreline. It is at a level of structures such as the Eiffel Tower. one-third of the İzmit shoreline. The bridge was opened on 1 July Finally, it will be the longest Our bridge was designed in a way 2000, several months ahead of suspension bridge in the world to that it will not be affected from schedule. The bridge has featured also feature a rail system. any earthquake thanks to its in the news more recently as flexibility.” 20 Sweden was granted a temporary The bridge was designed by exemption from the Schengen structural engineer Michel The rail section of the bridge will Agreement in January 2016 in Virlogeux and Swiss company T- have one high-speed track light of the European migrant Engineering. Construction running in each direction. They crisis. All travellers across the commenced in 2013 and has cost are to have 25kV overhead bridge have to carry photo ID, the US$ 3 billion. The project is being electrification. The maximum first time in 60 years that delivered by IC Ictas – Astaldi length of the trains on the bridge, identification has been required Consortium. The bridge is both freight and passenger, will be between Denmark and Sweden. expected to generate around 400m with the freight trains being 7000 jobs in construction and 500 allowed to travel at 80km/h and operational jobs. Being both a the passenger trains at 160km/h. Yavuz Sultan Selim road bridge and a rail bridge, the The rail system will run from design features oblique suspended Edirne to Izmit. Furthermore it will Bridge cables along with the traditional be connected to the Marmaray Location: Istanbul, Turkey suspended cables in order to cope and Istanbul subways to make Completed: May/June 2016 with the extra load. A derrick and a airport access easier21. Length: 2164m strand jack were used to lay the Type: Hybrid Cable- steel deck segments. The Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge is a Stayed/Suspension Bridge truly international project with As the site is in an earthquake French, Belgian and Swiss Also known as the Third zone, situated on the Anatolian designers, Italian contractors, a Bosphorus Bridge, this bridge will fault, the bridge design has also South Korean sub-contractor and provide another link between the planned for severe earthquakes. a Turkish main contractor. Michel Asian and European sides of the The designing structural engineer Virlogeux called it the most Turkish city of Istanbul across the Michel Virlogeux said: important bridge under Bosphorus Strait. It is a combined “Earthquake is a big question construction in the world right road/rail bridge. mark in Turkey. Thankfully, the now.
The purpose of the bridge is to address busy traffic in Istanbul by connecting the motorway to the city centre. It will also create a transport route for freight traffic between Turkey and Greece. In addition it is hoped that this bridge will aid with Turkey’s goal of becoming one of the ten biggest economies in the world by 2023. It is to be a definite landmark feature for the country.
And it is indeed impressive. When complete, it will be the widest suspension bridge in the world, At 208m, during Third Bosphorus Bridge construction measuring 59m. It will also be the accredited to: Ugur Ceylan (http://ow.ly/10pW77), suspension bridge with the Creative Commons License
15 ASC SENSORS
16 Acceleration and Rotation Rate Sensors
ASC (Advanced Sensors Calibration), headquartered in Pfaffenhofen, Germany, is one of the leading global manufacturers of acceleration and rotation rate sensors, and inertial measurement units (IMUs).
ASC sensors are used for crash tests in vehicle development, safety and wear monitoring of rail- bound vehicles, stability monitoring of turbines and measurement of fluctuations in container vessels.
ASC sensors are used in many different environments to perform a wide range of tasks, such as monitoring the vibration control of high-speed trains at injection- moulding machines. Diverse areas of application often require precisely customised solutions. Therefore, ASC experts co- operate with customers to develop new sensor solutions and customer-specific adjustments of individual parts, including cables, plugs and modified housings to customise sensors.
17 Typical applications Commissioning Tests in Gearbox Monitoring: all rotating Laboratories: measuring components of a bogie produce a of ASC sensors in vibrations on in-service typical vibration spectra, which the railway sector components; dynamic test of makes it possible to identify each running, accelerometer-based component via the frequency method 3. Infrastructure 1. Rolling Stock Testing & 2. Service Provider Management Commissioning Applications Track Condition Monitoring: track condition monitoring relies Applications Bogie Monitoring: vibration on the influence of the track sensors monitor the stability of condition on the ride quality as Modal Analysis: modal bogies and the wear and experienced by the passengers or parameters like resonant functionality of shafts, brakes and by the driver frequencies, structural damping, wheels and mode shapes are essential in Ground-borne Vibration predicting the behavior of the train Wheelset Monitoring: wheelset Monitoring: field measurements structure and providing inputs to condition monitoring is using accelerometers at different the FEM model implemented by a vibration sensor distances from the middle of the mounted on the axle box housing railway track (for instance, Passenger Comfort & Ride or integrated into the axle box accelerometers mounted 50cm Quality: the ride comfort index bearing below the ground) to detect determines how good the vehicle impact on nearby buildings and the track perform Axle Box Bearing Monitoring: axle box bearing elements Soil Quality Determination: data Brake & Crash Testing: trains are generate specific dynamic is collected on the axle boxes of driven into a solid barrier to frequencies that can be analysed the test train, on the track, in the determine crash survival; braking with additional knowledge of free field and in the buildings distance measurements and certain geometry data and shaft close to the track to check if the braking assessments speed soil is suitable for track layout
ASC’s Industrial ACS’s miniature ASC’s Offshore ASC’s capacitive accelerometers triaxial IEPE accelerometers accelerometers are used for accelerometers are used for bogie are used in ride monitoring are used in and wheelset comfort tests gearboxes and modal analysis monitoring axlebox bearings applications
18 Gyroscopes to measure services for sensor maintenance, rotating rate repairs and calibrations for ASC ASC also produces gyroscopes to and third-party products. DAkkS measure the rate of rotation (turn). awarded the calibration laboratory ASC gyroscopes are based on of ASC the authority to execute MEMS Technology, which means calibrations according to DIN EN that the sensors are shock- ISO/IEC 17025:2005 for resistant and have a steady signal. acceleration. ASC gyroscopes are offered in both uniaxial and triaxial models; ASC produces its products in small both come with a range of 100°/s, batches and with short delivery 300°/s and 1,500°/s. times, which is crucial for use in development departments. ASC is Inertial Measurement Units DIN ISO 9001-certified and ASC IMUs (Inertial Measurement Units) products meet a high quality are also part of the ASC product standard that is ensured by mix. The IMUs include three production at its Pfaffenhofen site. acceleration and three rotation rate sensors each, which measure In the area of railways, ASC co- along a total of six axes. The IMUs operates with leading players are used for driving comfort including Alstom, Balfour Beatty inspection and for indoor Rail, Beijing Environment Institute, localisation in rail-bound traffic. Faiveley Transport, Italcertifer, Siemens Transportation Systems, The ASC IMU is based on MEMS Siemens AG Österreich, Strainstall, gyroscopes and MEMS Trenitalia, IMC Test & accelerometers. The IMU can be Measurement and TÜV SÜD Rail obtained with acceleration range GmbH, among others. of 2g, 5g and 10g, and rate range of 100°/s and 300°/s. Worldwide railway industry Frost & Sullivan reach ASC has catered to many leaders Award from around the world in different Based on the analysis of the rail industries with the high quality of acceleration and rotation rate its products its customised sensors market, Frost & Sullivan solutions. recognized Advanced Sensors Calibration (ASC) GmbH with the In 2010 ASC developed tailor- 2014 European Frost & Sullivan made sensors that are used at the Company of the Year Award. bogies within the scope of a new The award from Frost & Sullivan monitoring system for Siemens looks at the emerging market Mobility’s new Velaro-D high- players in the rail industry and speed trains. In order to control recognises their best practices Contact Details: the oscillations of the bogie, the that are positioned for future ASC GmbH sensors designed by ASC are growth excellence. ASC has not Renate Bay, Managing Partner directly attached to the bogies. only consistently delivered The acceleration sensors operate advanced technology and high- Schäfflerstraße 15 at a low frequency and are based quality service, but has also 85276 Pfaffenhofen on MEMS technology. improved its product range and Tel.: +49 8441 7865470 expanded into other continents to Fax: +49 8441 7865479 Repair and calibration service emerge as a truly global Email: [email protected] ASC offers comprehensive competitor. URL: www.asc-sensors.de
19 The Single European Railway Area
The European Union has set itself the ambitious goal of establishing a single European railway area, both for freight and passenger transport, with the aim of delivering an efficient, coherent, competitive rail transport system throughout the Member States. By Josephine Cordero Sapién
Starting with basics, trains can Norway and Sweden use 15kV AC, only run on one specific gauge while Portugal, northern France track. Indeed, the reason why and the eastern European countries have different gauges in countries use 25kV AC, to name the first place was to prevent but two differences. trains from another country from being able to use it. Safety standards and certification Most of Europe has standard also need to be harmonized gauge track at 1435mm. However, throughout Europe to bring all Russia, Finland, Belarus and the countries up to the same high Ukraine for example run on the standard and substantially Russian gauge at 1520mm or reducing the risk of serious 1524mm, while Spain runs on a accidents. wider gauge of 1668mm. The Single European Railway Area Another non-standardised feature aims to tackle these issues to has been signalling. There are 19 bring interoperability to the different signalling systems within European rail network. Technical, ©European Railway Agency the EU, meaning that train drivers regulatory and operational crossing borders would have to be restraints would be removed. A lack of familiar with more than one set of Apart from being simpler, these rules. For example, the Thalys PBK measures would make rail travel Harmonisation crosses 7 different signalling cheaper. Trains also have to be There are many elements in any zones. authorized in every Member State one country’s rail system that can individually, which costs millions. differ from those of a The different countries Innovation takes a hit as well as neighbouring country, making throughout Europe also use new rail operators and new cross-border travel difficult, different electrification systems. technical equipment struggles to inefficient and time-consuming. Countries like Germany, Austria, find a way into the market.
20 Given that the Commission has share has stabilised and it found quality, end-to-end services stated in its Transport 2050 that rail traffic did best in those without being restricted by roadmap that it aims to ultimately countries where the rail freight national borders. The European have a complete European high- market had been opened up Railway Agency was set up to help speed rail network, to triple the relatively early, finding that create this integrated railway area length of the existing high-speed “between 2000 and 2005 Member by reinforcing safety and rail network by 2030, to maintain States in which non-incumbent interoperability.”2 a dense rail network throughout railway undertakings have the Union and to move most undertaken the highest market medium-distance passenger shares achieved significantly The Third Railway transport to the rail sector by better results in terms of rail Package 2050, it is vital technical, safety freight traffic performance than The Third Railway Package and administrative standards are Member States in which the contained proposals to open up harmonized to open markets, market was still dominated by a the international passenger promote competition and make monopoly”1. transport market by 2010, to the European rail network an harmonise passenger rights and to efficient, cost-effective transport The set of directives do not certify train crews. It was adopted option. require that operating companies in 2007. are private companies. The goal The First Railway was to take the monopoly out of This package introduced a the rail freight sector to increase European driver licence meaning Package competition. It is now easier for that train drivers are allowed to The European Commission companies to operate in other work on the whole European presented three proposals in 1998, countries, though it must be network. To obtain this licence which were then adopted by the noted that companies could still they will have to meet standards Council in 2001 in the First assert themselves on an regarding their level of education, Railway Package, or the ‘rail international level to exercise age, mental and physical health infrastructure package’. market dominance. and practical training. The directives in the package The Second Railway All passengers on all lines will were: enjoy a the same set of rights • 2001/12/EC Package throughout the Union, for • 2001/13/EC In 2002 then the European example, passengers with • 2001/14/EC Commission put forward further disabilities or reduced mobility measures with the goal of creating may not be discriminated against3. The aim of this package was to an integrated European railway Passengers now enjoy basic rights give rail operators non- area and increasing safety and with regard to insurance and discriminatory access to the trans- interoperability. This second ticketing too. European network and to improve package was then adopted in Europe’s freight choices, meaning 2004 in result of which the rail that operators should have open freight market became fully open Recast of the First access to railway lines even when to competition from 1 January thy do not own that rail 2007 (2004/51/EC). Railway Package infrastructure. In September 2010 the European It was also as part of this package Commission opted to amend the After directives get adopted by the that the Commission put forward First Railway Package directives to EU, they are passed on to the regulation 881/2004, which sets simplify and reinforce the Member States, whose job it is to up the European Railway Agency, contents by bringing together the implement them. In 2006 the which says about itself: “The three directives and their Commission found that construction of a safe, modern amendments in one text. This implementation of this package integrated railway network is one recast must be implemented by was not yet complete though it of the EU’s major priorities. Member States by April 2015. was already showing very positive Railways must become more Some problem areas have also effects. The fall in rail’s market competitive and offer high- come to light in the past ten years,
21 which the recast will address, financial and operational different modes of transport”7 namely: independence. Thirdly, this most • “clear rules for the funding and recent package aims at opening This transport network will management of infrastructure up domestic passenger railways to connect Europe north-south and • access to rail-related facilities competition, making “competitive east-west, allowing both (depots, maintenance etc.) tendering mandatory for public passengers and freight to move • independence and service rail contracts in the EU”6. freely and seamlessly throughout competence of regulatory This would come into effect in the Union. bodies”4 December 2019. Finally, the package seeks to pass measures With the creation of such a that are designed to maintain a European-wide rail network that The Fourth Railway skilled, motivated workforce in this accesses the entire continent and Package environment. with policies put in place that cut red tape and make it easier for The Fourth Railway Package, The Council has adopted the companies to operate throughout which contains six legislative Fourth Railway Package at its first the Member States, rail travel will proposals from the Commission, reading in December 2015. The become simpler and cheaper for aims to nurture competitiveness next step is for the European operators and therefore more and innovation in domestic Parliament to approve them desirable for customers, both passenger markets as well as formally at the second reading. private passengers and freight increase safety, interoperability companies. These two features and reliability. On 1 January 2014 the EU together, along with other launched its Trans-European supporting undertakings (see the There are four main goals: firstly, Transport Network, TEN-T, which Bombardier interview in this issue reduce costs for rail companies identifies nine major transport about the role of Shift2Rail in the and make the European Railway corridors across the EU with the creation of a Single European Agency “the single place of issue following aims: Railway Area), will ensure that rail’s for vehicle authorisations and • “remove bottlenecks modal share will increase, safety certificates for operators”5. • build missing cross-border providing innovation and jobs in a Secondly, train companies need to connections sector that is environmentally be wholly separate from the • promote integration and friendly, convenient and cost- infrastructure managers to deliver interoperability between effective.
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23 Sharing Risk to Take Risks
Railway-News Speaks to Bombardier about
Shift2Rail By Naomi Thompson
The cornerstones of the European like Shift2Rail a necessity in order at the moment, Mr. French points Union are the principles of multi- to survive. out, there are more than 50 national co-operation and raising variants of ETCS (European Train the standard of products and A series of publications from 2011 Control System) in Europe, services for all European citizens. onwards, beginning with the white requiring 50 systems, 50 It was inevitable, therefore, that paper “Roadmap to a Single operators, 50 training regimens; in the rail industry would at some European Transport Area – some instances drivers or trains point benefit, in the form of Towards a competitive and have to be changed at national Shift2Rail. The Project Manager resource-efficient transport borders in order to meet the EU-funded R&T Projects, Richard system” setting out the first requirements of different Member French, from founding member blueprints of the Single European States. This system is not tenable Bombardier, took the time to Railway Area, followed by the in the long-run. speak to Railway-News about their publication of the “European Rail involvement with Shift2Rail. Research Advisory Council’s Rail Therefore, Bombardier and other Route 2050” in 2012 among big hitters in the industry, all co- others, all of which created and ordinated by the European Rail A Shared Vision were part of a growing Industry professional association, In the early years of this decade, momentum to homogenise the UNIFE, established the Joint there was an alignment of rail industry across all 28 Member Undertaking in 2014 to oversee a circumstances that engendered States of the EU. programme of research and the creation of Shift2Rail: the development for the railway frustrations of key European Prior to 2011, collaborations sector. With a budget of stakeholders with the between companies were on a €920million (from 2014–2020) it fragmentation of the rail industry; one-on-one basis; it was typical supports market-driven solutions the political will to address this at for Bombardier to team up with by enabling and investing in new both a national and European another company and a university and cutting-edge rail product level; an injection of funds by way to address a certain issue or topic. innovations. of the Horizon 2020 research and The industry was fragmented and innovation programme; and the evolving according to that The specific aims of Shift2Rail are pressures of non-European fragmented design rather than a to enhance the competitiveness of competitors to render an initiative cohesive master plan. As it stands the European railway industry by
24 doubling the capacity of the competitive in an increasingly members are, in addition to European railway system, international market. By bringing Bombardier, Alstom, Ansaldo STS, increasing its reliability and service the best minds from leading CAF, Network Rail, Siemens, quality by 50% and halving companies to the table, the issues Thales and Trafikverket. It also has lifecycle costs. In a more general facing the rail industry are brought 19 associate members and input sense, the initiative’s ambition is to from academic, industry and accelerate innovation and to the top of the agenda. technology and to standardise and regulatory bodies on a number of harmonise the European rail Shift2Rail is part-funded by private committees that serve in an industry in order to remain investors and the EC. Its eight core advisory capacity.
©Bombardier
25 Initially the focus was on traditional segments, such as mechanical and electrical engineering, lightweight solutions and propulsions. Increasingly, there is more interest in digital aspects such as big data, data collection and analysis, predictive maintenance services and security, as well as looking at improvements that could be made to the supply chain and customer- facing elements, including customer service, ticketing, information and infotainment. A greater importance is placed on energy-efficiency and environmental sustainability. Sharing Knowledge Mr. French describes the initiative as having a collegiate ethos, the companies involved enjoy an open and trusting culture. Having come from a corporate environment, individuals were initially tentative, “can I talk to this person?” was a common question, sharing ideas was counter- intuitive, but this was overcome. For the greater good, and from the top down, it was clear that all the members would respect each Richard French - Project Manager others’ ideas and claims and they EU-funded R&T Projects would be free to discuss Bombardier controversial topics which would ordinarily be off the table for representatives of competitors. Sharing Risk Richard French said: In the establishment of Shift2Rail, One of the key motivations which “We are able to it was required that members find attracts governments and collaborate on a high compromises that didn’t companies to support and apply level to address necessarily mean that everyone to join Shift2Rail is that, by problems that would not was fully satisfied, but the greater collaboration rather than good has generally prevailed, with competition, the risks associated be possible for one an understanding that “relying with accelerations in innovations company alone. That has and insisting on proprietary rights can be shared and therefore always been one of the did not engender a sustainable way of working, that the future increase the positive impact on primary incentives for had to be different.” Although the whole industry should it work companies to apply and there is still room for intellectual out, and minimise the negative property and copyrights, it has impact on one company or body for Member States to dawned on the key players that should it not. support Shift2Rail.” the old way of thinking is
26 outmoded in an ever more inter- Sharing Results four years ago, “not many people connected and high-speed world. thought that Shift2Rail could be The creation of a homogenised, successful, there were many who cohesive railway sector in Europe For example, Shift2Rail wanted to thought it could never succeed. is not only of a benefit to the The industry has never worked in follow the structure of the industry, but also a cultural such a collaborative European Space Agency Joint benefit. In order to increase the environment.” Just the creation of Undertakings. With the help of the market size and competitiveness, Shift2Rail and bring it to this point EU legal services, an agreement a team effort is invaluable. It is is, Mr. French says, “is a project to was hammered out that everyone hoped that the collaborative ethos be proud of.” could live with, and with each of Shift2Rail will bleed into the member allowed to play to their industry as a whole, moving away strengths; members with stronger not only from different standards Activities will kick off this summer, research departments will between corporations but also the first cycle of open calls and contribute research, those with countries. As such, it is a bold step grant applications have taken stronger technology development towards a united front that can place. The members are now departments will contribute to stand together against the waiting to spring into action in the that area, and so on. challenges facing the industry coming months in what promises now and in the future. to be an intense process of As such, it has been an adaptive reinventing not only the rail process. As issues have presented By contributing to the increasing industry, but the way things are themselves, solutions have been accessibility of rail corridors, done. found by way of an ongoing which will become standard and enlarged in every country, there is collaborative approach. There is expected to be a knock-on effect very much the sense from Mr. on economics and trade, while French that a solution has been improving the experience of found to include all members in European citizens. The model is that process, and to speak with simple and inarguable – by freeing one voice. It is the highest of up resources usually spent on European ideals from start to proprietary standards, issues such finish – in the process as well as as energy management and the product. energy reduction, as well as vibration and noise reduction can This collaboration has enabled get some real attention, reducing innovation – it is jointly agreed by the impact for people living close the members as to what should be to railways. It will also make life subject of the innovation easier for train operating programmes and what the companies, for customers and intended result would be. Each Member States by making it easier and every good idea is needed to to save energy and meet their achieve the goals of Shift2Rail; if a COP21 CO2 targets. good idea will bring with it an improvement then the members A Shared Future are open to discussing it as part of As a European initiative, Shift2Rail an ongoing process, but not one is governed on several levels, that will hinder development. This requiring regular meetings and is especially important in the multi-annual action plans, reports innovation of digitalisation; with and high-level talks every few new technologies coming out months to discuss the status of every day, the industry is losing funding and procedure, as well as ground with every piece of of progress and actions. Just the bureaucracy that could delay the creation of Shift2Rail has been an process. extraordinary achievement. Only
27 A breakthrough in power conversion ready for rail and metro The Rectiverter is the world’s first 3-port bidirectional power conversion module, combining the functionality of a rectifier and an inverter in one unit.
28 accredited to: Shutterstock
A railway network is a complex overview, control and reliability of for both AC and DC power. Today, environment, with numerous AC and DC powered equipment in there are a number of separate AC critical and supporting the rail infrastructure. and DC power systems, sourced applications – all relying on from different vendors. This entails reliable and stable supply of power In recent years, innovations in separate training, separate monitoring systems and separate to work continuously and keep power technology have improved spares. services running. Eltek’s reliability and driven down cost. Rectiverter system significantly However, in rail environments, like reduces complexity and increases everywhere else, there is a need AC and DC power combined The Rectiverter changes this completely. The Rectiverter is a 3- port bidirectional converter that provides both AC and DC power simultaneously. Whereas before you needed many systems or several power stages, now you only need one. This is a fundamental change. With its ability to feed both AC and DC applications, the Rectiverter system can replace many other systems. It reduces complexity, saves space and increases flexibility immensely.
29 Not only is it dual output, it is also recharge the batteries. The added genuinely modular and can be reliability with the modular design, scaled according to future needs. redundancy and built in transfer It reduces wasted energy due to technology, also adds to the its high overall power conversion attractiveness. efficiency of 96% in mains mode and 94% when operating as an Reduced total cost of ownership inverter. The bottom line is reduced total cost of ownership over the Perfect for Rail & Metro product’s lifetime, and a future- There are a number of Rail & proof power supply infrastructure Metro applications where the Rectiverter is a particularly for rail & metro environments. attractive proposition. One The Rectiverter is one of the the example is level crossings, where, first new major power technology for obvious safety reasons, there advances in rail & metro power are very long back-up times. conversion in many years. Rather than using over- dimensioned AC UPS’s with extra The Rectiverter will make its debut DC chargers, the DC capacity in at the Infrarail show in Eltek’s the Rectiverter is sufficient to stand (Stand B44).
30 Welcome to a new world in railway power
With both AC and DC outputs, the RECTIVERTER is a small revolution in the world of power supplies. It has the power to forever change the way you power your rail infrastructure equipment and applications.
Visit our stand Visit the campaign site Infrarail 2016, and find out more about the Rectiverter technology. 12 - 14 April, Stand B44 www.eltek.com/rectiverter
31 Universal Access to European Rail Transport
80 million people in the European Union are affected by a disability to some degree, which equates to around
16% of the total population. By Naomi Thompson
With an aging population, this mobility, visual and hearing it, independence and a full and figure is expected to rise to 120 impairments, intellectual active participation in society. million by 2020, which will impairments and mental illnesses. account for roughly a quarter of Some people may have multiple A Transport for London survey all European citizens. impairments. They range from found that 93% of people living slight to severe and have varying with disability say their “Disability” can cover a number of impacts on a person’s ability to impairments limit their ability to impairments, including limited access public transport, and with travel and get about, which, if extended across Europe, means that more than 70 million people in Europe suffer a lower quality of life for reasons flowing from their disability, rather than the disability itself. The rail industry is leading the charge, yet again, to amend this situation.
Because people with disabilities are often barred from driving cars by reason of their disability, they are more likely to be public transport users than able-bodied people. Although they are less frequent passengers because they are more likely to be unemployed and therefore have less Wheelchair-accessible ramps at Fishbourne requirement to commute, and ©Network Rail also because the lack of access to
32 Senior ergonomist Kate Moncrieff and BEAP member Tracey Dearing try out the new platform surface from Pipex ©Network Rail
33 public transport precludes their telephony and audio-visual use of it, both these elements Primarily, it states that train services, e-commerce and would be positively impacted by operating companies and station transport. universal access. staff should make all reasonable efforts to ensure that facilities and The EAA will put the principles of Accessibility and the services are accessible to persons the 2011 UN Convention on the with disabilities and reduced Rights of Persons with Disabilities Law mobility. In enacting this (UNCRPD) into standardised European Regulation 1371/2007 Regulation, Member States have practice based on functional on Rail Passenger Rights sets out created a fragmented and uneven requirements; rather than the rights of persons with marketplace, inhibiting cross- specifying the ways in which disabilities and reduced mobility in border travel as well as trade. products and services should be relation to rail travel. This includes modified, it only states what non-discriminatory access to In response, on 2 December 2015, features need to be accessible. In facilities and services with no the European Commission the case of rail, this not only additional charge, access to proposed a European Accessibility includes physical access to information relating to the Act (EAA), a pan-European stations and trains, but also access accessibility of facilities and legislative document which will to information and assistance. services, free assistance on board require Member States to enable trains and at staffed stations, and equal access to products and People with disabilities and compensation if these needs are services. The EAA relates to, mobility impairments are a ripe not met. among other things, banking, market. Research conducted by the UK’s Department for Transport found that journeys made by passengers with disabilities have trebled in the last 15 years in European countries which have taken firm action to accommodate them. Stakeholders are required to cater to their needs in law as well as ethically, but when they will account for 25% of the general population in only four years’ time, catering to their needs also makes good commercial sense. Putting Law into Practice Rolling stock manufacturers are now building and refitting trains and metros with accessibility features as standard. Siemens’ ICE high-speed train, which operates in Germany, led the market in 2014, providing a large wheelchair space with height-adjustable tables and a service call button, as well as low floors, wide aisles and wide doors. In addition, it also The eassier access area 'hump' on the features a tactile guidance system Manchester platform with floor strips and tactile seat ©Network Rail numbers for sight-impaired
34 machines on the whole network, door closure warning lights on most trains, a relief map of the metro network and a guide available in braille.
Passengers with Sensory Loss Passengers with any impairment can request assistance to use most rail services in Europe. However, this limits spontaneous Mind the Gap travel, is costly for service ©George Redgrave (http://ow.ly/10iP7G) providers and train operating Creative Commons License: companies, and can be https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/) disempowering for the individuals passengers, grab poles in the event of a crash or secondary in receipt of the service, as many longer-aisle sections and grab collision (colliding with objects would prefer to be able to use handles on all aisle seats, as well internally), looking at such factors public transport independently. as stronger visible contrasts on as wheelchair design internal and external doors. characteristics, human factors and Navigating around stations can be wheelchair space design hazardous and frightening to Stadler’s FLIRT (Fast Light structures in order to increase the passengers with visual Innovative Regional Train) is a safety of wheelchair users in the impairments or blindness; multiple market leader across the event of a crash. exits, entrances and access areas, continent, and features space for ambiguous soundscapes and wheelchair users, as well as However, despite advances in dense crowds can be confusing wheelchair-accessible toilets, rolling stock meaning that and intimidating. Features such as double doors and low floors to wheelchair users can get on the enable wheelchair access. train, many cannot get to it tactile paving are now standard at Similarly, Alstom’s Coradia Lint because of a lack of step-free most stations, and increasingly, diesel trains all feature access at stations. Only a quarter talking signs and emerging wheelchair-accessible features. of London Underground stations smartphone technologies, have step-free access, and some including infrared verbal guidance In designing the Flexity and step-free stations still have a gap systems and tactile guidance MOVIA Series of Trams, between the platform and train. systems, help. Bombardier consulted with special On the Paris Metro, of 303 interest groups in order to meet stations, only 50 have step-free The recent development of an the needs of passengers with access, and even then only up to app, which is being trialled in disabilities, increasing the number the train doors, with only one line London, enables users to navigate of priority zones and spaces for featuring roll-on roll-off access on their way around the London trains for wheelchairs. In Berlin, a wheelchairs to eight in order to Underground using their cater to the increasing usage of more encouraging 92 of the 173 smartphone and Bluetooth public transport by passengers metro stations are accessible for beacons, informing users that with disabilities. wheelchair users. they’re approaching escalators, While much has been done to Barcelona, which has been ticket barriers and platforms. enable wheelchair users to board upgrading its Metro since 1992, Technologies like this are trains, and space has been made has adapted an astonishing 140 especially useful in areas with on trains to accommodate them, stations out of a total of 156 to be limited cellular reception such as more attention is now being paid wheelchair accessible. It also has subways and underground to a wheelchair user’s safety in the voice-guided ticket vending metros.
35 Disabled Toilet ©‘Médiathèque SNCF’
Passenger information is another screen the platform from the train) of networks and operating key issue. Companies such as in order to make them easier to companies. Infotec, who are supplying LED read. information boards to the UK’s Intellectual Crossrail project among other For passengers with hearing things, and who have designed the impairments, travel information Impairments and boards so that they are accessible boards are crucial, especially on to passengers with sight board trains where they are not as Mental Illness impairments, use the most easily standard, or in the case of A key issue identified by special read colours and fonts. In platform changes and emergency interest groups is that staff should addition, next-train information announcements. Text messages be trained in assisting passengers boards are positioned above the sent to the passenger are a with disabilities and impairments, platform edge doors (which standard by an increasing number and this is especially important for
36 passengers with intellectual on 25 February 2016, attended by transport networks that were impairments and mental illness, TOCs, network operators and previously out of reach. In the for whom travelling on public stakeholder groups, the needs of case of seat-only trains, such as transport can be a confusing and passengers with these invisible the Eurostar and TGV, the spaces frightening experience. illnesses were discussed, and an which would not be used are “accessibility plan” will be drawn filled, making it profitable for Invisible illnesses, such as anxiety up and published later this year. It operating companies. disorders, social disorders, is likely that such initiatives will dementia and depression, as well become standard across the In addition, providing access to as autism and Asperger’s, are the continent as mental health issues public transport for people with largest source of disabilities in become increasingly prominent in disabilities means that they are Europe, but largely unrecognised the public consciousness. more likely to work, more active in disability figures. These illnesses and therefore many conditions are can cause passengers to behave Concessionary fares for less likely or slower to deteriorate, strangely in stressful situations, passengers with all disabilities are and depression, long associated and a crowded station or train can also crucial. In the UK, the costs with physical disability, can be be a stressful situation. associated with disability are an avoided altogether by enabling average of €600 a month, making individuals to live full and It is here that public awareness is transport unaffordable for many. participative lives. This, in turn, important. At the first summit of With concessionary fares, reduces the cost of disability on its kind in the UK, the Mental passengers with disabilities are the state, which can only be good Health and Transport Summit held more likely to make use of for everyone.
Disabled Seating on an e300 Eurostar ©Mark Smith - www.seat61.com
37 ALFAGOMMA Group acquires the entire share capital of the Hiflex Europe Group
Argus Fluidhandling Limited and Argus Fluidtechnik GmbH became part of the Italian Group
Vimercate, 15 January 2016 – On global OEMs (Original Equipment England, and Ettlingen, Germany, January 8, 2016 ALFAGOMMA Manufacturers). strengthening ALFAGOMMA Group, leader in the production Group’s presence in German and and distribution of industrial Hiflex Europe Group contributes UK markets. hoses, hydraulic hoses and 40 million euro turnover to manipulated tube assemblies, ALFAGOMMA Group working with - This acquisition proves our acquired Hiflex Europe Group, a prestigious and important clients. willingness to grow coherently group founded in the UK with a Hiflex Europe Group has over 320 within our business model: a solid long history of supplying hose and staff and three production plants production base with cutting- manipulated tube assemblies to in Sunderland and Salisbury, edge plants and the local service
38 ALFAGOMMA Group will integrate the Hiflex Europe Group in a managed way over a period of time. The Hiflex Europe Group companies will continue to operate as Argus Fluidtechnik GmbH and Argus Fluidhandling Limited. The current management teams will continue to run the businesses with the exception of Mr David Oldham, former Chairman of Hiflex Europe Group, who retires at the end of January 2016. that can meet the expectations of supplier for our customers. world class OEM groups, Furthermore, with this acquisition, demanding irreproachable quality our goal of reaching 400 million combined with the flexibility and euro turnover in 2016 appears responsiveness that only a much more achievable; however, worldwide presence can the ambitions should not stop guarantee - say the brothers here. -. Enrico and Guido Gennasio, Being one of the leaders on the shareholders and Group Chief world market for hoses and Executives of ALFAGOMMA Group fittings since the 1970s and - We are proud to consolidate the possessing the universally presence of our Italian company recognized brands, synonymous Hiflex Europe Group will benefit on the world markets. We expect with high quality (Dunlop Hiflex, from the extensive technical and this acquisition will further Argus), Hiflex Europe together financial resources of the contribute to our objectives of with Dunlop Hiflex, acquired by ALFAGOMMA Group, which always maintaining the maximum ALFAGOMMA Group in 2005, is level of customer satisfaction and now returning to the international celebrates its 60th anniversary this of becoming the best strategic scene. very year.
39 Making the railway more sustainable RSSB’s Sustainable Development Specialist Michelle Papayannakos, talks to us about what the industry is doing to make rail greener and gives us an insight into RSSB’s Sustainable Development programme.
The railway industry is a significant demand for new strategic The Rail Industry energy user in the UK. Reducing infrastructure rises, as does the energy consumption and therefore need to maintain, modernise and Sustainable carbon emissions is fundamentally renew existing assets. In addition to Development important for long-term global this challenge, extreme weather economic, social and events over the last few years have Principles: environmental sustainability. shown us that the rail industry must These Principles represent the core As the UK population continues to develop a ‘predict and prevent’ values of the rail industry and are fundamental in delivering a grow and with an increase in ethos to tackle climate change sustainable railway at the centre of passengers using the railways the impacts on our rail infrastructure. the transport system that meets the travel needs of society, without compromising future quality of life.
The principles’ purpose is to inform and become an integral part of the industry’s culture and decision- making processes, taking account of whole system and whole life cycle approaches. It is recognised that the principles will need to be balanced to achieve a sustainable transport system that contributes to prosperity, the wellbeing of people and the health of the planet.
In relation to energy and carbon the Rail Sustainability Principles necessitate: • encouraging a shift of passengers and freight from
40 more carbon-intense modes to rail and accommodating increased demand for rail • reducing traction carbon intensity through new trains, further electrification and innovative technology • reducing non-traction carbon usage through energy efficient technologies, including on lighting, heating and insulation. There are also significant opportunities for renewable energy generation on the railway estate, including solar photovoltaic systems, micro combined heat and power and heat pumps • focusing on increasing understanding of whole life many people and should be strengths to deliver the most carbon, and identifying accessible to all. This refers to the sustainable journey – is key to opportunities to reduce the accessibility of the network for achieving this modal shift. emissions associated with the everyone and in particular in terms creation of an asset of: The rail industry envisages working - Physical accessibility for the with operators of other modes and Sustainable Development is a less able, elderly and those with with transport and local authorities programme included in rail safety children and/or luggage to improve the quality of the ‘whole body RSSB’s innovation directorate journey’ in response to customer - The availability of information and aims to embed the Rail needs. This requires both a on services and connections Industry Sustainable Development continuing focus on customer before and during travel Principles within the rail industry. experience, and also a greater This covers the environmental and - The affordability of travel by rail understanding of sustainable and socio-economic impacts on both acceptable ways of completing the the positive and negative aspects of Addressing these issues will help to non-rail legs of the journey. the rail industry. remove the barriers to travel by rail, encouraging all sections of the Being an employer of choice The activities of the sustainable travelling public and freight Respect, encourage and develop a development team narrate to the transporters to see rail as a diverse workforce and support its 4Cs (Capacity, Cost, Customer and potential part of their journey. wellbeing; actively consider and Carbon). Providing an end-to-end journey address the challenges of the future Work together with all transport global labour market. The Rail Industry Sustainable modes to provide an integrated, Development Principles explained: accessible transport system. The rail industry recognises that it Putting rail in reach of people can only succeed with a skilled and Position rail as an inclusive, Rail can provide the core part of motivated workforce and must affordable and accessible transport many journeys. However, people therefore be a place where system through the provision of travel door-to-door and freight competent, skilled people choose information and accessible travels from producer to customer, to work. facilities. and by its nature rail can deliver only part of these journeys. The Recruiting and retaining the right The railway forms a means of creation of an integrated transport people is a challenge and to accessing employment, health system – linking modes and respond to it, the industry needs to services and leisure activities for enabling each one to use its be seen as a place in which people
41 can thrive. Driven, talented and undertakes renewal and electrification, more efficient diesel imaginative people are needed to enhancement projects. Many of the engines and technology to capture implement the sustainability vision significant infrastructure braking energy. In the much longer and principles and meet the programmes being delivered today term the industry anticipates that a challenges the industry faces in and planned in the near future combination of zero carbon becoming truly sustainable and (such as High Speed 2) have set electricity generation and a successful. However, in common challenging and ambitious replacement for diesel traction that with many industries in Great environmental targets. This is to has no carbon emissions will Britain, the rail industry can see falls ensure that as well as delivering an enable us to become a zero- in head count in the short term if infrastructure improvement they carbon railway. there are adverse economic will do it with the least cost to the conditions, and it is important that environment. In some areas the Having a positive social impact this is handled appropriately and ambitious targets and measuring of Focus on local social impact support is given to impacted staff. these, such as ‘no net biodiversity through better understanding and loss’, are not just UK industry engagement, engaging in local Reducing our leading but globally as well. plans, industry procurement and asset use. environmental Carbon smart Connecting people and impact Pursue initiatives to achieve long- communities is at the heart of the Operate and improve the business term reductions in carbon railway’s purpose, but beyond the in a way that minimises the emissions through improved actual journey rail, with a network negative impacts and maximises energy efficiency, new technology that is at the same time national the benefits of the railway to the and lower carbon power sources and local, is in a unique position to environment. and facilitate modal shift, helping have a wider social impact. To do others make more carbon-efficient this, we need to start by having an Whilst the railway can claim to be journeys in-depth understanding of the the most sustainable form of issues and needs in a local area. motorised transport in Great Britain The rail industry is committed to Better information can help for many journeys, the industry the pursuit of a lower carbon tailoring support to meet needs – recognises that there are still many railway and we believe we can whether this is around better ways in which it can reduce its move towards being zero carbon in access, youth unemployment or impact. Environmental impacts the longer term. The industry also cultural diversity. have been reviewed and priority believes it can make a significant areas identified for action at an contribution to reducing the Rail-led regeneration can have a industry level and by individual carbon footprint of travel and significant impact, but where major companies including: logistics in Great Britain by encouraging a shift of passengers schemes aren’t planned, the • Climate change (including and freight from more carbon- importance of integrating with local energy use) intense modes to rail and communities is just as critical. We accommodating increased demand will ensure pro-active • Noise and vibration for rail. communication and engagement • Waste and pollution with communities over their needs The industry has huge challenges and our plans, and act on the • Sustainable consumption and over the coming years, especially as results, ensuring rail is a good production road and aviation are promising neighbour through our behaviours, • Air pollutant emissions significant reductions in their own working practices and relationships. carbon intensity. The first step is to • Biodiversity and the natural identify the areas where the Supporting the economy environment industry can improve efficiency. In Boost the productivity and • Land take the medium to long term there are competitiveness of the UK, at a opportunities to achieve step national and regional level, through Environmental protection and changes in carbon intensity. These the provision of efficient passenger enhancement is particularly will arise through new trains and and freight services and by significant when the railway alternative power sources, further facilitating agglomeration and
42 catalysing economic regeneration. potentially reduced availability of final positions are published on the private investment. The industry RSSB website. Rail is a key economic enabler and must therefore maximise the is determined to further improve its capacity and capability of the As you can see, industry is doing a support for the economy. The existing rail network to ensure as lot of work in this area. 2016 will Eddington Study identified three many services as possible can be also mark the full roll-out of the key transport markets that are run with existing assets. In addition, Rail Carbon Tool to enable staff to crucial to the productivity and where greater capacity is needed, measure, monitor and ultimately competitiveness of the economy: the aim is to deliver high value on reduce the industry carbon investments. footprint. The long-term vision is • Urban areas and their that the tool will reduce carbon and catchments It is also recognised that the in effect, cost and influence the • Inter-urban corridors showing industry needs to provide a value- shaping of new railway standards signs of congestion and for-money rail service, offering the and embed sustainable unreliability optimal balance between customer development incentives into new • International links via ports and requirements and investment. This rail franchises. airports showing signs of will form a key part of ensuring rail congestion and unreliability remains affordable to GB plc in Once the use of the embodied terms of Government funding, and carbon tool is more prevalent, RSSB Rail has a role in each of these to rail customers in terms of price, will be working to support the markets. It can provide reliable, and that it can cope with forecast development of a database which high levels of accessibility along the increases in demand. can provide industry benchmarks main transport corridors in the to enable organisations to verify country and to the locations that their results and indicatively Being transparent measure the performance of a drive economic growth. Rail Promote a culture of open and supports the economies of London project. accountable decision-making and Learn more about what we are and the wider South East region, measure, monitor and report other towns and cities of Britain, doing via www.rssb.co.uk and by publicly on our progress toward following us on Twitter via our industries and their markets, sustainability. our tourist and leisure destinations, @RSSB_rail and our ports and airports. The rail industry recognises the AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY: need to involve stakeholders in the Michelle Papayannakos is the Rail Rail freight makes a significant development of a future strategy. It Sustainability Specialist at RSSB. She contribution to the economy by aims to improve this by embedding plays a key role in the delivery of supporting key industrial sectors a culture where dialogue with the Sustainable Rail Programme and penetrating other markets Government, customers and those (SRP) with a focus on stakeholder where it can serve the trunk-haul who have an involvement in rail, engagement and socio-economic function for distribution of other puts their needs at the centre of issues. Based around the industry’s products. decision-making and follows this ten sustainable development up by being open about decisions, principles, the SRP is embedding Optimising the railway performance and progress. sustainable development into rail Maximise the rail system’s capability industry policy, strategy and and build on its strengths to deliver Many rail companies report publicly operations. a transport system that is efficient on their corporate responsibility and offers good value for money. and environmental performance. The industry’s Sustainable Rail Rail demand has been forecast to Programme (SRP) involves rail grow whilst at the same time public companies, Government and scrutiny over the allocation of regulators facilitated by RSSB. public funds intensifies. In adverse Wider involvement is achieved economic conditions, this growth through stakeholder participation in may be slower than anticipated and research and development there will be additional pressure on activities sponsored by industry as Government spending and part of the SRP, and all findings and
43 Upcoming Railway Events
May – June 2016
11–13 May 24 May Rail Solutions Asia 2016 Scandinavian Rail Kuala Lumpur, Asia Development With an exhibition space of more than 2400 square Stockholm, Sweden metres, 1900 participants, 160 conference All major rail passenger and freight companies will delegates and 10 Asian railway operators, talks will attend this conference along with infrastructure cover a wide range of topics on projects and manufacturers. Scandinavia is investing hugely into planning, signalling and communications, its rail sector, making it a leading force in Europe. permanent way and infrastructure, rolling stock, Topics will include ERTMS, Sweden’s first high- improving and expanding rail systems and speed railway, the safety of Scandinavian railways, operation and maintenance. Sweden’s East Link and many more. More info: http://www.tdhrail.co.uk/rsa/ More info: www.scandinavianraildevelopment.com
16–18 May 26–27 May CORE2016 Asia Rail Summit 2016 Melbourne, Australia Bangkok, Thailand This is the RTSA’s biennial Conference on Railway The sessions of this event are ‘maximising Asia’s rail Excellence, which will cover a broad spectrum of potential’, ‘penetrating into Asia rail projects’, rail engineering, operation, planning and ‘connecting Asia rail operators and suppliers’, management topics. The keynote speakers are ‘modern rail technology showcase’ and ‘smart rail Martha Lawrence, a senior railway specialist at the innovation and operation’. Representatives from the World Bank, Lara Poloni from AECOM, Adrian railway authorities as well as rail operators will Shooter CBE, chairman of Vivarail, SLC Rail and attend and there will also be roundtables and Q&As. Global Travel Ventures, and Keith Suter, a futurist. More info: More info: http://www.core2016.org www.ourpolaris.com/2016/ars/
44 26–27 May 28–30 June World Metrorail Congress RSSI C&S Expo 2016 Grapevine, TX, USA The 57th Annual Railway Systems Suppliers C&S London, UK Exhibition 2016. A trade show, fair and exhibition The 12th time this event is held, it will once again that is a place to find out about the latest bring together experts from the urban rail sector. It developments in rail transport and logistics. is co-located with LightRail, RailPower and RailTel More info: eventegg.com/rssi-cs-expo/ so that attendees can put together a programme best suited to their needs. Scheduled speakers are listed as coming from, among others, Crossrail, the London Underground, Transport for London, the 28–29 June Moscow Metro, Wiener Linien and voestalpine Africa Rail 2016 Schienen GmbH. Johannesburg, South Africa More info: The first day will open with a talk by Deutsche Bahn www.terrapinn.com/conference/metrorail/index.stm AG’s Head of Strategy Passenger Transport, Simon Daum, who will discuss the future of transport and industry game changers. Talks then are streamed into ‘investment and funding’, ‘communication and 7 June signalling’, ‘country spotlights – East Africa’, ‘data Iberian Rail Development and analytics’, ‘asset management’ and ‘country spotlights – southern Africa’. On the second day Madrid, Spain the talks will be streamed into ‘infrastructure’, A chance to speak with key figures in the Spanish ‘intermodality’, ‘country spotlights – West and and Portuguese rail industries. Focus points of the central Africa’, ‘passenger rail’, ‘safety’ and ‘country 6th annual conference include increasing rail spotlights – North Africa’. There will also be performance through ERTMS, growing cross- roundtable sessions and exhibitions. border traffic, developing and maintaining a high- More info: speed rail network and investment in rolling stock. www.terrapinn.com/exhibition/africa- More info: www.iberianraildevelopment.com rail/index.stm
©Bombardier
45 Designing a visual communications strategy is key to calming disgruntled rail passengers”
Britain gave birth to the railway, yet us Brits have a love-hate affair for the nation’s rail network. By Jake Mason, CEO, Evolve
Britain gave birth to the railway, work with some of the country’s yet us Brits have a love-hate affair biggest rail operators to develop for the nation’s rail network. visual communications for them Millions of us squeeze on to trying to inform frustrated cramped, overcrowded trains commuters of changes. For all every day. We usually don’t moan transport networks, bus, rail and too much, we just get on with it as even boat and air, one of the a means of getting from A to B as biggest challenges is keeping quickly as possible; that is until we passengers happy. Through clever experience the train world’s most communication they can keep hated word… ‘delay’ (which of passengers informed, and an course is marginally better than informed passenger is a happier ‘cancelled’). customer.
News from a recent Which? poll of In all sectors, the consumer has 7,000 commuters shows that we taken centre stage and they now still feel we are getting a poor deal wield ever-growing power thanks despite paying some of the to social media amplifying every highest fares in Europe. Whilst we complaint (on the flipside, when can’t change the weather or that good news is shared, it’s great for there are leaves on the line, as a the company involved). In all designer I feel there’s so much sectors, the consumer is also must comprehend and make a key more that could be done to help seeking power – and they want to part of their strategies. keep passengers happy. be informed. Understanding this essential human need is still I’d really like to see more transport Evolve has been lucky enough to something some rail operators operators putting the end user first
46 and similarly, I’d love to see more researched their needs and looked there are other ways commuters developers in the property sector at the emotions they would face can feel valued. Tackling over- doing this. The use of informative such as anger and frustration. This crowding is a massive challenge. It hoardings around new informed our straight-talking would be nice if we didn’t feel like developments for example, either approach that was underpinned we were being herded into cattle telling a story of the build, the by empathy. We were able to trucks. But if I am standing, why location, its history, or even some empathise with commuters’ not make that a better art to make an alternative frustrations over the 12-year experience? You could ask train ‘installation’. It’s a really simple yet programme of upgrades, but also staff to use empathy and a sense smart way of communicating with highlight the positive benefits it of humour, when they ask people people around a new would eventually bring. We made to move down the aisles over the development, whilst also covering the tone human, the images bright loudspeaker system. Surely this up the ugly early stages of building and striking, and ensured they would bring a smile to the most work. stood out in a cluttered, urban hardened commuter’s face? A environment. Commuter joke can be a great way to When a transport system faces awareness levels of the alleviate stress. If we can upheaval, what does this mean to programme rose to 85% in three understand how to make the passengers who have to use it months, peaking at 98% after six commuters smile, surely that’s every day? This was actually key to months. pure rail gold? our strategy with Thameslink when it had to radically overhaul So why does it work? A visually If the railways could use a little First Capital Connect routes to impactful campaign serves to more empathy and humour in make travelling to and from keep commuters informed and their visual communications, it London a better experience. What feel valued. Don’t we all feel better would help to oil the wheels of would the customers feel? We when we’re valued? Obviously customer relations.
47 Footnotes
“Railway Bridges” 1 http://www.forth-bridges.co.uk/forth-bridge/history.html 2 ibid. 3 https://www.networkrail.co.uk/VirtualArchive/forth-bridge/ 4 http://www.forth-bridges.co.uk/forth-bridge/history/construction-stats.html 5 http://www.forth-bridges.co.uk/forth-bridge/history/building-the-bridge.html 6 ibid. 7 https://www.networkrail.co.uk/VirtualArchive/forth-bridge/ 8 http://www.forth-bridges.co.uk/forth-bridge/history/building-the-bridge.html 9 https://www.networkrail.co.uk/VirtualArchive/forth-bridge/ 10 http://www.forth-bridges.co.uk/forth-bridge/history/growth-milestones.html 11 http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1485 12 http://www.skanska-sustainability-case-studies.com/index.php/latest-casestudies/ item/83-oresund-bridge-sweden-and-denmark?tmpl=component&print=1 13 http://www.omegacentre.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/wpcontent/ uploads/2014/12/SWEDEN_ORESUND_SUMMARY.pdf 14 http://www.omegacentre.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/wpcontent/ uploads/2014/12/SWEDEN_ORESUND_PROFILE.pdf 15 http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=1448 16 http://www.skanska-sustainability-case-studies.com/index.php/latest-casestudies/ item/83-oresund-bridge-sweden-and-denmark?tmpl=component&print=1 17 ibid. 18 http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=1448 19 http://www.3kopru.com/eng/project/ABOUT-PROJECT/1 20 http://www.3kopru.com/eng/newsfromnmmp/3RD-BRIDGE’S-DESIGNER-DRMICHEL- VIRLOGEUX-“WE-ARE-BUILDING-A-UNIQUE-MASTERPIECE”/98 21 http://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/projects/yavuz-sultan-selim-bridgeistanbul/
“The Single European Railway Area” 1 http://ec.europa.eu/transport/rail/packages/2001_en.htm 2 http://www.era.europa.eu/the-agency/about-era/Pages/Home.aspx 3 To find out more about disabled access to the rail network in Europe, see the corresponding article in this issue. 4 http://orr.gov.uk/about-orr/what-we-do/the-law/eu-law 5 http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/4th-railway-package/ 6 ibid. 7 ibid.
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