USAID WATER AND SANITATION PROJECT Quarterly Report April 1, 2020 – June 30, 2020

This publication was produced by the USAID Water and Sanitation project under Contract No. AID-OAA-1-14-00049/720521-18F00001 at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. This document is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the author or authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the U.S. Government.

USAID WATER AND SANITATION PROJECT Quarterly Report April 1, 2020 – June 30, 2020

Program Title: USAID Water and Sanitation Project Sponsoring USAID Office: USAID/’s Office of Infrastructure, Engineering and Energy (OIEE) Contract Number: AID-OAA-I-14-00049/720521-18F00001 Contractor: DAI Global, LLC Date of Publication: 30 July 2020 Revision: --- Author: DAI Global, LLC

Cover photo: Enjoying improved access to water in Mirebalais

This publication was produced by the Haiti Water and Sanitation project under Contract No. AID-OAA-1-14-00049/720521 at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. This document is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the author or authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the U.S. Government.

TABLE OF CONTENTS PROJECT OVERVIEW 1 HIGHLIGHTS OF THE QUARTER 1 OPERATING ENVIRONMENT 1 COMPONENT 1: INCREASING ACCESS TO SUSTAINABLE WATER SERVICES 2 TASK 1.1: WATER INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING SERVICES 2 TASK 1.2: WATER INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION 3 TASK 1.3: TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR WATER SERVICE PROVIDERS 6 The Cap Haïtien CTE 6 The Mirebalais CTE 7 The Croix-des-Bouquets CTE 7 The CTE 7 The Jérémie CTE 8 COMPONENT 2: INCREASING ACCESS TO SUSTAINABLE SANITATION SERVICES 9 TASK 2.1: SUPPORT TO SANITATION ENTERPRISES 9 Sanitation SMES 9 TASK 2.2: WASTE TREATMENT & FECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING SERVICES 11 Morne-À-Cabri Fecal Sludge Management Site 11 The Fonfred Fecal Sludge Management Site 12 TASK 2.3: WASTEWATER TREATMENT & FECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CONSTRUCTION 12 COMPONENT 3: IMPROVING THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE IMPLEMENTATION, OPERATIONS, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER AND SANITATION SERVICES 13 TASK 3.1: TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO NATIONAL AND SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENT STRUCTURES 13 Water 13 Sanitation 13 TASK 3.2: KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION AND LEARNING 14 CROSS-CUTTING TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES 14 ENTERPRISE ACCELERATION FUND 14 Living Water: Construction of Urban Kiosks 15 Le Levier: Micro-finance for Toilet Construction 15 Henry Christophe Campus in : Water Testing Laboratory 15 Quisqueya University: Testing Plant-Based Fecal Sludge Treatment 15 Grants under Review 15 MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND LEARNING 16

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Ongoing Monitoring 16 Approval of the revised Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Plan 16 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE 16 GENDER 16 HOW THE PROJECT WILL MEET ITS F-INDICATOR TARGETS THIS YEAR 16 (HL.8.1-1) IND 1.1: NUMBER OF PEOPLE GAINING ACCESS TO BASIC DRINKING WATER SERVICES AS A RESULT OF USG ASSISTANCE: FY2020 TARGET: 25,000 16 (HL.8.1-3) IND 1.2: NUMBER OF PEOPLE RECEIVING IMPROVED SERVICE QUALITY FROM AN EXISTING BASIC OR SAFELY MANAGED DRINKING WATER SERVICE AS A RESULT OF USG ASSISTANCE: FY2020 TARGET: 65,000 17 (HL.8.2-2) IND 3.1: NUMBER OF PEOPLE GAINING ACCESS TO A BASIC SANITATION SERVICE AS A RESULT OF USG ASSISTANCE: FY2020 TARGET: 1,000 17 (HL.8.2-7) IND 3.2: NUMBER PEOPLE RECEIVING IMPROVED SANITATION SERVICE QUALITY FROM AN EXISTING "LIMITED" OR "BASIC" SERVICE AS A RESULT OF USG ASSISTANCE: FY2020 TARGET: 2,000 17 ANNEX 1: PROJECT RESULTS FRAMEWORK 18 ANNEX 2: PROJECT STAFFING UPDATE 22

Figure 1- Installing meters (left) and valves (right)...... 3 Figure 2- Installation of the formwork and reinforcement of the beams...... 4 Figure 3. The test well will be drilled inside the fenced in area of the F8 well...... 5 Figure 4. The apron and gabions protect the Mahotière spring from water infiltrating the porous ground near the spring...... 5 Figure 5. Calcium deposits builds up around the edge of pipes in Jeremie. When these break loose, they can flow down a pipe and eventually clog it...... 8 Figure 6. Mr. Elizée Pierre, the President of Atta El Roi, sharing the story of his company...... 10 Figure 7- Screenshot of the video on proper pit emptying techniques and safety...... 11 Figure 8- Map summarizing the sanitation zoning for Les Cayes; urban area ...... 14

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Acronyms and abbreviations

AECID Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo/ Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation AEOC A&E Oversight Contractor APS Annual Program Statement BCC Behavior Change Communication BID Banque interaméricaine de développement/Inter-American Development Bank BDS Business Development Services CCTM Cross-Cutting Technical Services Manager CLA Collaboration, Learning and Adapting CMAA Collection, Monitoring, Analysis and Archiving COP Chief of Party CTE Technique d’Exploitation / Urban Water Utility DCOP Deputy Chief of Party DINEPA Direction Nationale de l’Eau Potable et de l’Assainissement / National

DQC DirectorateDesign Quality for Control Water and Sanitation EAF Enterprise Acceleration Fund EMMP Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan EMMR Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Report FA Foundational Activity FSM Fecal Sludge Management GIS Geospatial Information System MEL Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning ONEPA Observatoire National de l'Eau Potable et de l'Assainissement OREPA Office Régional de l’Eau Potable et d’Assainissement / Regional Office for Water and Sanitation PEA Programmatic Environmental Assessment QIP Quick Impact Project SIGA Système Intégré de Gestion des Abonées / Integrated Customer Management System STTA Short Term Technical Assistance TA Technical Assistance TEPAC Water Supply and Sanitation Technician USAID United States Agency for International Development USGCommunal United States Government WASH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene WSS Water and Sanitation Services WSSM Water and Sanitation Services Manager

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PROJECT OVERVIEW The USAID Water and Sanitation Project is a $41.8-million, 4.5-year activity implemented in collaboration with Haiti’s National Directorate of Potable Water and Sanitation (DINEPA) with the overall goal of improving sanitation and water for all Haitians. The Project is focused on five geographic areas: three areas hard hit by the 2010 cholera outbreak (Cap-Haïtien, Mirebalais, and Canaan) and two areas hard hit in 2016 by Hurricane Mathew (Les Cayes and Jérémie).

The Project’s three primary goals are:

1. Helping 250,000 people get to basic or improved access to water 2. Helping 75,000 people get access to basic or improved sanitation 3. Laying the foundation for sustainable increases in access to water and sanitation across Haiti

The Project is reaching these goals by focusing on its core values such as self-reliance, resilience, and the private-sector approach.

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE QUARTER Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the Project was able to make a significant progress this quarter. The highlights are as follows:

1. Thanks to support provided by the Project, two of the CTEs were able to more than double their monthly revenues—a striking result due to the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. 2. The Project signed a construction contract for leak repair in Jérémie and Les Cayes and put out for bid over a $1 million in infrastructure work for the Canaan water system. 3. The Project started repairing leaks and installing meters in the Les Cayes and Jérémie water systems. 4. The SMEs supported by the Project built 71 toilets, providing basic sanitation to 385 people. 5. The Project signed a performance agreement with the OREPA-West that will lead to the Morne-à-Cabri fecal sludge management site operating autonomously. 6. The Project awarded two Enterprise Acceleration Fund (EAF) grants. One grant was awarded to Quisqueya University to assess the feasibility of implementing plant-based drying beds for the treatment of sludge in Haiti. The other went to the Henry Christophe Campus of the State University of Haiti in Limonade (near Cap-Haïtien) to expand their existing soil and water laboratory to perform drinking water tests.

OPERATING ENVIRONMENT Throughout the quarter, Haiti was under a state of emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The international airport and border remained closed to passenger traffic, there was a curfew from 9pm to 5am, church services and all large gatherings were banned.

The Project imposed strict safety measures to protect its staff based on the Center for Disease Control, World Health Organization, and Haitian government recommendations. These measures included encouraging telework, mandatory mask wearing in vehicles, during meetings, and in public places; spacing

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out desks and meeting areas to provide a minimum of two meters distance between all people at all times; carefully monitoring staff and visitors’ health; and limiting in-country travel. By instituting these safety measures, the Project was able to keep its office open throughout the pandemic.

Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the Project did not hold any large training events, instead focused on coaching sessions either live or via video conference. The Project also did not conduct planned field verification of the toilet construction. This verification will occur during the next quarter and will be reflected in the Annual Report.

COMPONENT 1: INCREASING ACCESS TO SUSTAINABLE WATER SERVICES The project activities under Component I are focused on providing basic or improved water to 250,000 people by building the capacity of the CTEs and their support structures to provide water on a sustainable basis. The Project also funds infrastructure improvements that serve to make the systems more reliable and less expensive to operate.

To date the Project has helped 63,270 people have access to basic or improved water.

TASK 1.1: WATER INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING SERVICES This quarter, the Project completed the design for the rehabilitation of two phases of the work on the Canaan system and the topographic survey for the transmission line in Mirebalais. The Project should complete the engineering design for the infrastructure works by the end of next quarter. The status of the work on each scheduled activity is as follows:

Cap Haïtien 1. Solar energy system for the Cap-Haïtien well: The OREPA-North had been trying to purchase land next to the F8 well to house the solar panels. Unfortunately, they were unable to purchase this land. The Project is working with the OREPA to determine if any other sites are technically viable.

Mirebalais 2. Second transmission line to and a new reservoir: For the installation of a second, larger transmission line and the construction of a second storage reservoir, the Project completed a topographic survey of the proposed path of the transmission line and is now working to develop the detailed design. However, the cost is now higher than the original estimate and may be greater than the Project’s construction budget. During the next quarter, the Project will determine if it will be able to undertake this work.

Canaan 3. The Canaan Water System: During this quarter, the Project completed the design and bidding for two of the three phases of the work in Canaan: • The Rehabilitation of the Transmission Line: Due to the extensive problems with the transmission line, the Project will excavate, inspect, and test the entire line, repairing and replacing sections as required. It will also add pressure valves and drains along the

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line. The Project will submit the request to subcontract this work to USAID in early July and expects to begin construction next quarter. • Completion of work on the Pumphouse and Reservoir: The Project will build a guardhouse and fence at the reservoir and a wall around the pumphouse. The Project put this out for bid during this quarter and received the bids on June 30th. It expects to begin construction next quarter.

The third phase of the work is to construct the Water Distribution System. Currently, the system only has a single distribution line that parallels the transmission line. The Project plans to build a second distribution line and a preliminary distribution network to connect the first 200 customers. The design of this network is underway and should be completed next quarter.

Croix des Bouquets (downtown) 4. Interconnecting and extending the Croix des Bouquets System: The downtown area is served by two pumped well systems with their own deep wells. These systems are separated by the national highway. To improve the functioning of the system and increase the number of customers, the Project is looking into connecting these systems and extending the network to a new neighborhood. The design of this system will be completed next quarter.

TASK 1.2: WATER INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION During this quarter, the Project had three active construction activities:

1. Leak Repair and Metering Program in Les Cayes and Jérémie: The goal of this activity is to repair the leaks that the CTE has not been able to repair and to install meters on the main transmission pipes. Once completed, the leak repair should reduce non-revenue water losses. The meters are critical for monitoring the flow of water in the systems. During this quarter, the contractor repaired 16 leaks in Les Cayes and four in Jérémie (Error! Reference source not f

Figure 1- Installing meters (left) and valves (right)

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ound.). In addition, a few meters and valves have been put in place. The work is 40% complete and should be fully complete next quarter. 2. Installation of Hybrid Solar Pumps at the Charpentier Wellfield in Les Cayes: The contractor completed work on the fence around the well field and the platform that supports the panels. Although the panel supports had originally been designed to be built out of metal, the contractor proposed, and the Project approved constructing them out of reinforced concrete. The contractor placed concrete for the foundations and columns in all five modules and began the installation of the formwork and reinforcement for the beams for the first module (Figure 2). The contractor should be able to complete work on this structure during the next quarter. Once completed, this solar system will provide enough power to pump 30,000 m3 of water each month—enough to supply 2,000 households with water.

Figure 2- Installation of the formwork and reinforcement of the beams

3. Construction of a test well at Balan (F12): Currently, all of the pumps in the water system in Cap-Haïtien descend to around 60 m. This is deep enough to reach the aquifer and to ensure that the pumped water is clean. However, hydrologists have theorized that the aquifer actually extends down to 200 m. This deeper aquifer could represent a significant source of water for Cap-Haïtien. The Project signed a contract with the Haitian firm Foratech to drill this well. Foratech will drill the well, taking samples of the material as it drills. Once it reaches the deep aquifer, it will conduct a pumping test to determine the potential flow of the water. If the test proves that this is a viable source of water, the InterAmerican Development Bank (IaDB) will construct a well to make use of this aquifer and employ it as a primary source of water for Cap- Haïtien, providing water for 50,000 people.

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Figure 3. The test well will be drilled inside the fenced in area of the F8 well.

4. Mahotière spring in Jérémie: The contractor completed infilling the stagnant pond that had been polluting the Mahotière spring. The local population, who had closed the Mahotière Spring because of this contamination, was very pleased with the work and have accepted that the spring would be reopened. The contractor is constructing a small drainage channel and expects to complete this work in the next quarter.

Figure 4. The apron and gabions protect the Mahotière spring from water infiltrating the porous ground near the spring.

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TASK 1.3: TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR WATER SERVICE PROVIDERS The Project continued to support the CTEs by working through the five dimensions provided in World Bank in their publication, Water Utility Turnaround Framework: A Guide for Improving Performance (2018):

• Organization and strategy, • Human resource Management, • Financial Management, • Technical Operations, and • Commercial Operations.

With COVID-19 related restrictions on gatherings, the Project focused on direct coaching, either in person or via video conference. Samuel Mondestin, the DCOP, remained based in Cap Haïtien, working directly with the Cap Haïtien and Mirebalais CTE. George Acolor, the Utility Specialist, remained in Les Cayes and worked closely with the Les Cayes and Jérémie CTEs. Additionally, the Project retained its liaison agents based in the Cap Haïtien, Mirebalais, Les Cayes, and Jérémie CTEs who provide day-to-day support.

The Project surveyed the general population in Mirebalais and Cap-Haïtien to measure the level of satisfaction with the water service provided by the utility. More than 50% of people surveyed have been customers for more than five years in both CTEs. According to the customers in Cap-Haïtien, the most valuable service is the customer service, and in Mirebalais, the population appreciates the service rate. However, in both communes, the CTE water is still not used for drinking.

This quarter, the Project also began working with two new CTEs: , which is part of OREPA-North and , which is part of OREPA-Center. The Project will begin providing them technical assistance during the next quarter.

THE CAP HAÏTIEN CTE During the previous quarter, the Project had helped the CTE to increase its water production to 850 m3 of water per day/six days per week. It also digitized the CTEs customer records and installed the customer management software SIGA (Système Intégré de Gestion des Abonnés/Integrated Customer Management System).

This quarter, the main focus of the Project’s technical assistance was collections. In April, the CTE began delivering individualized invoices that showed each customer how much he or she owed. While the CTE invoices a fixed amount each month, many customers had developed significant arrears. By issuing these detailed invoices, customers could see how much they owed, and customers began paying off their arrears. The CTEs revenues went from an average of 200,000 Gourdes/month (USD 2,000) through March 2020 to 541,464 Gourdes (USD 5,400) in April, 400,285 Gourdes in May (USD 4,000), and 824,308 in June (USD 8,200).

During the period, the Project also helped the CTE to finalize its organizational chart and job descriptions for all of its staff.

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THE MIREBALAIS CTE During the previous quarter, the CTE had completed work on the main transmission line thereby significantly increasing the amount of water available in Mirebalais. The Project had also helped them to develop a community outreach program to explain how they had to increase the tariff from 110 Gourdes/month (approximately USD 1.10) to 250 Gourdes/month (approximately USD 2.50).

The Project also worked with the CTE to digitize its customer records and to begin using SIGA. As with Cap-Haïtien, the CTE began to issue customized invoices.

As a result of these two changes, Mirebalais also saw a significant increase in revenues. Through March, their revenues averaged 150,000 gourdes/month (USD 1,500) but topped 200,000 (USD 2,000) in April, 300,000 Gourdes (USD 3,000) in May and 336,160 Gourdes (USD 3,361.6) in June. The CTE is now actively following up with customers with significant arrears and hope to reach monthly collections of 500,000 Gourdes (USD 5,000) soon.

The Mirebalais CTE has also been working on expanding its distribution network. The Project supplied it with pipes to extend the network towards the hospital and to connect additional customers.

Finally, the Project worked with the CTE to finalize its organizational chart and the job descriptions for each post.

THE CROIX-DES-BOUQUETS CTE The Croix-des-Bouquets is one of the newest CTE additions to the Project. The Croix-des-Bouquets CTE has been managing two small water distribution networks, each of which consists of a deep well, a reservoir, and a small distribution network. The CTE has only 484 customers, who pay a total of approximately 200,000 gourdes ($2,000) per month. The CTE has been able to cover its operating expenses, but only by keeping salaries very low and by devoting no funds to maintenance or expansion. This quarter, the Project visited the CTE to review the results of the initial diagnostic, inspect the system, and meet with the CTE staff. The Project will help them increase the number of paying subscribers in the urban area and manage the new network in Canaan. The infrastructure team also evaluated the Croix- des-Bouquets water system and has begun designing a connection between these two systems and an extension into a new neighborhood.

THE LES CAYES CTE The focus of the Project’s technical assistance for the Les Cayes CTE this quarter was reviewing its tariff structure. It conducted a pilot test of meter reading and found that most household consumed 15 m3 per month. Based on the production logs from their well field, they know that they can produce around 90,000 m3 per month of water. Assuming a 40% non-revenue water loss, they only have enough water for around 3,600 customers—just 10% more customers than they currently have. Nearly all of their 3,300 customers pay 330 Gourdes/month for a total of just over a million Gourdes/month. To provide adequate salaries and full cost recovery, the CTE needs monthly revenues of two million Gourdes.

Whereas Mirebalais was able to double its tariff without customer complaints, the Les Cayes CTE has a more difficult path. The Les Cayes tariff is already higher than the new tariff in Mirebalais. Although the CTE has significantly increased water distribution, they still only distribute three days a week in each sector. Finally, the aquifer in Les Cayes is readily accessible. As a result, many people have private wells.

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However, the Les Cayes CTE has steadily improved the frequency of their service and the quality of the water. They are confident that their customers will accept the tariff increase.

The Project has helped the CTE to analyze its costs including current operating costs, maintenance costs, and capital improvement costs. It has helped the CTE look at options for sustainable cost recovery, including increasing the flat tariff for all, applying volumetric billing to those with meters, and segmenting the customers to charge more to those who consume more. The CTE should be ready to submit its revised tariff to the OREPA for approval early next quarter.

During this quarter, the Project also worked with the CTE to develop a strategy for the management of the public kiosks. Currently all of the CTE’s kiosks are non-functional. The Project hired a social engineering and communications consultant to work with the community and determine how best to manage the community’s and the CTE’s expectations for the kiosks. This activity should be finalized and the first kiosks opened by the end of next quarter.

The CTE undertook several pipe repairs this quarter and increased the rate at which it is connecting new customers—adding 164 new connections.

Finally, the Project worked with the Les Cayes CTE to finalize its organizational chart and the job descriptions for each post.

THE JÉRÉMIE CTE The Jérémie CTE struggled this quarter. They have a growing problem of calcification of their pipes which has resulted in several neighborhoods losing access to water. The AECID-funded rehabilitation of the network will resolve these issues, but that work has not yet started. Additionally, DINEPA lowered the cost of water from the kiosks in response to a request from the local authorities. As a result, they lowered the payment at the kiosks from 2.5 Gourdes ($0.025) for one five-gallon bucket to the same price for two buckets. As a result, the CTE’s revenues have dropped from an average of around 300,000 gourdes (USD 3,000) during the previous quarter to around 200,000 gourdes (USD 2,000) this quarter.

This trend should be reversed in the next quarter. With the completion of the work on the Mahotière Spring and the leak repair program, there should be significantly more water available in the system. With the declared state of emergency ending on 19 July, the CTE should be able to raise the price of water in the kiosks back to its former rate. Additionally, the OREPA-South expects to have the new CTE Director in place during this quarter. With all of Figure 5. Calcium deposits builds up around the edge of pipes in these changes, the Project expects the Jérémie CTE Jeremie. When these break loose, they can flow down a pipe and eventually clog it. to make strong progress next quarter.

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COMPONENT 2: INCREASING ACCESS TO SUSTAINABLE SANITATION SERVICES The project activities under Component 2 are focused on providing basic or improved sanitation to 75,000 people by strengthening the capacity of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to market sanitation products and by assisting DINEPA to reopen the fecal sludge management facilities in Les Cayes (Fonfred) and near Canaan (Morne-à-Cabri).

During this quarter, the Project focused on assisting the most motivated SMEs, stimulating demand in the sanitation sector and developing several Request for Proposal for the fecal sludge work in Morne-à- Cabri. As a result, the Sanitation SMEs built 71 toilets for families that did not have one. This provided 385 people with basic access to sanitation.

TASK 2.1: SUPPORT TO SANITATION ENTERPRISES SANITATION SMES This quarter, the Project helped the small and medium sized entrepreneurs (SMEs) to develop their business plans based on the Start and Grown Your Own Business training that the Project had provided during the previous quarter. The process of developing the business plans is designed to help the SME think through what their goals are and the resources that they need to achieve them.

During this quarter, the nineteen SMEs supported by the Project built a total of 91 toilets including 71 that were for people who did not have one. This makes a total of 230 toilets built by the SMEs since the Project started. The types of toilets built are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1. The types of toilets built by the SME

Structure New Toilet Replacement Total Dry toilet 90 15 105 Wet Toilet 113 11 124 Total 203 26 229 * Note that one toilet of the new toilets was not identified as wet or dry in the system.

By far the most active SME is Atta El Roi (see the text box below) from Cap-Haïtien who have built 52 toilets since the Project started. The other active SMEs include Sani-Prefab with 30 toilets or ASDA with 22 toilets.

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Atta El Roi Focuses on Toilet Construction

“I was riding in my car last year and a fly flew into mouth. In surprise, I looked around and saw garbage and waste everywhere. I thought, ‘I don’t want to eat what comes out of a toilet! We need to do something about this.’”. Mr. Elizée Pierre (Figure 6) was running a small construction company focused on building houses. He heard of a seminar by the USAID Water and Sanitation Project promoting toilet construction as a business. In that seminar, he learned about the health risks of open defecation and was shocked to hear that flies can transport feces onto food. With all of the open defecation in Cap-Haïtien, people really were eating what comes out of a toilet. His competitive spirit was piqued when he heard that that the Project was offering a prize to the contractor who built the most toilets. He built five toilets that first month and has been growing his business ever since.

“I tell my people that it is all about our philosophy:

We don’t want to eat from a toilet! We have Figure 6. Mr. Elizée Pierre, the President of Atta El Roi, sharing people going door-to-door looking for customers the story of his company. and telling them that we need to clean-up this city. The COVID outbreak actually helped our business. People were told that they had to stay at home. They were used to waking up early and going to the market to use the public toilet. Now they had to use a bucket. Suddenly, they cared about having a toilet.”

In December, Mr. Elizée Pierre participated in the Start and Grown Your Own Business Training conducted by the USAID Water and Sanitation Project. “The best part of the training was the hands-on exercise. I learned that you have to create a market for your product. You can’t just sit back and wait for the customers to come to you. When we were all given certificates at the end of the training, we were very proud. We felt that we were ready to really make our business grow.”

The USAID Water and Sanitation Project had signed a performance-based grant agreement with all of the sanitation businesses who had completed the training. Atta El Roi was the first to hit the milestone of building 15 toilets, and he did it in one month. He has now completed 42 toilets and has contracts for 30 more. The Project gave him a grant of basic office furniture and equipment. In his remarks thanking USAID, he stressed “We very much appreciate the equipment, but it is the knowledge that you have given us that is most valuable. If we had adopted an entrepreneurial mindset from the beginning, we could have easily bought all of this last year. Thanks to you help, our dream is now to help everyone in Cap to have their own toilet.

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MANUAL EMPTIERS VIDEO To reach its goal of providing improved sanitation services in Haiti, the Project is working to ensure that the sludge transported to the sites is safely managed and no longer poses health threats to the population in general or to the pit emptiers, (sometimes referred to by the disparaging term bayakou). These pit emptiers provide a critical service in Haiti’s fecal sludge management chain by digging the sludge out of latrines, thereby allowing the pit to be reused. The Project is working with the pit emptiers in five targeted areas to make their work more hygienic, safer, and professional. In addition, the Project will support pit emptiers to organize themselves as associations and formalize their activities through municipalities.

As part of this process, the Project translated a video on proper pit emptying techniques that was created by the Water Research Commission of South Africa into Kreyol.̀ This video was developed to train the local pit emptiers on how to safely do their work. The hour-long video goes into detail on the risks that pit emptiers face. It explains the techniques that they must follow and the equipment that they must use to safely and hygienically empty the pit.

The Project is building a training event around this video will be shown to help train the pit emptiers in each of the Project’s targeted areas. As part of the event, the pit emptiers will be provided with personal protective equipment and trained in the use of that equipment.

Figure 7- Screenshot of the video on proper pit emptying techniques and safety.

TASK 2.2: WASTE TREATMENT & FECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING SERVICES The Project started to work on the design of maintenance and upgrading of the Morne-à-Cabri site. By assisting DINEPA in operating those sites on a cost-recovery basis, the Project will improve the sanitation value chain and provide improved sanitation to at least 70,000 people.

MORNE-À-CABRI FECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT SITE The Project signed a performance agreement with OREPA-West that lays out the goal of establishing the site as an autonomous management unit that will function on a cost-recovery basis. The agreement

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lays out the support that the Project will provide to improving the facility and the technical assistance that it will provide and the OREPA’s role in creating this autonomous unit.

UTILITIES During its site investigation, the Project had found that there was a well on-site to provide water for flushing sludge into the lagoons. However, it has never been used. The Project conducted an evaluation of the well and found that it is a viable source of water. However, the pump and the pipes need to be replaced, as the water acidity damaged them. The RFQ for the pump and solar will be put out for tender next quarter.

The Project evaluated the facilities generator to determine what would be required to make it functional as well as the possibility of installing solar panels to provide electricity for the office.

SITE CLEAN-UP Because the lagoons have not had regular maintenance, they are very full of sludge. This sludge needs to be removed from the lagoon, dried and then buried on site. However, there is not enough space at the facility to dry the large volume of sludge that has accumulated. Therefore, the Project has ordered large tubes made of a geotextile. The sludge from the lagoon will be pumped into these tubes and the water will drain from the tubes back into the lagoons. During this quarter, the Project completed the procurement of these geotubes. These tubes should arrive in Haiti towards the end of the next quarter.

The Project has also prepared the RFQs for the other work at the site including repairing the fence, removing the garbage, and pumping out the lagoons. These bids will be published next quarter so that the work is ready to start when the tubes arrive.

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE The Project has continued working with the OREPA-West to develop projections for the cost of operating the facility and the expected revenues. During the next quarter, the Project will organize a workshop with the OREPA-West to finalize the business plan.

THE FONFRED FECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT SITE The OREPA- completed the topographic survey of the site. The Project helped the OREPA-South to put together the bidding documents for this work. They expect to put it out for bid early in the next quarter.

The Project is also working with the OREPA-South to develop the operations and business plan for the site and to develop a system for the manual pit emptiers to transport the sludge to the site.

TASK 2.3: WASTEWATER TREATMENT & FECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CONSTRUCTION The Project anticipates starting the first of the construction activities on the Morne-à-Cabri site next quarter.

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COMPONENT 3: IMPROVING THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE IMPLEMENTATION, OPERATIONS, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER AND SANITATION SERVICES The Project’s third goal is to lay the foundation for sustainable increases in access to safe water and sanitation. It is meeting this goal by building successes at the local level and then working through DINEPA and other institutions to share these on a broader scale (Task 3.1) and by holding national events and publishing the lessons learned (Task 3.2).

TASK 3.1: TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO NATIONAL AND SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENT STRUCTURES WATER The Project, with its partner CFET, presented to the four CTEs (Mirebalais, Cap-Haïtien, Jérémie, and Les Cayes) the new organizational structure, as well as the job descriptions. CFET first explained what they meant by job performance and how having each individual understand their role leads to an organization that functions more smoothly. CFET explained each job descriptions and the tasks allocated to each position. This activity aims to reinforce the CTE staff’s understanding of their roles and consequently, to increase performance in the CTE.

Next quarter, the CTEs will start using SISKLOR, the DINEPA water quality monitoring system to measure residual chlorine. The Project will start with the Cap-Haitien CTE and followed by other CTEs.

SANITATION The USAID Water and Sanitation Project signed a support agreement with OREPA-West to clearly lay out the roles of each party during this transition. The Project agrees to rehabilitate the site (cleaning the facility, emptying the lagoons, and repairing the electrical and pumping systems) and to provide technical assistance to the facility. OREPA-West agrees to create an autonomous management structure and to empower it to fully manage the site. As the only public facility that can offer safely managed disposal of fecal waste in Haiti, the Morne-à-Cabri facility will be a model for others will follow. The lessons learned through the improved operations in Morne-à-Cabri will guide the operations of the facilities slated to open in Les Cayes, Cap-Haïtien, and elsewhere.

Additionally, the Project created a map (Figure 8) summarizing the sanitation zoning completed in Les Cayes and highlighting specific data, such as water table depth, population density, and socioeconomic factors. The Project did a multi-criteria analysis of these factors for five different sanitation solutions to determine which solutions could be used in which areas in Les Cayes. It aims to help the sanitation SMEs and all the sanitation professionals in Les Cayes to ensure that the right sanitation solution is used in each area. This should be used as a guide in terms of sanitation, to reinforce the sanitation policies throughout the commune, avoid pollution of the soil by inappropriate infrastructure, and consequently ensure a more hygienic environment for the daily life of the population.

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Figure 8- Map summarizing the sanitation zoning for Les Cayes; urban area

TASK 3.2: KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION AND LEARNING Zanmi Lasanté is working on the first draft of the report about lessons learned in urban sanitation, and it should be submitted in mid-August.

CROSS-CUTTING TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES

ENTERPRISE ACCELERATION FUND The Project currently has four grants that are underway

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LIVING WATER: CONSTRUCTION OF URBAN KIOSKS Living Water finalized the construction of eight kiosks and the rehabilitation of the other four in Cap- Haïtien. They will conduct the training on managing the kiosks in early July and complete the grant by the end of that month.

LE LEVIER: MICRO-FINANCE FOR TOILET CONSTRUCTION The Federation des Caisses Populaires Haitiennes – Le Levier (FECAPH – Le Levier) continued its work on the development of the financial product. Their initial plan of holding large meetings with the members of the different local cooperatives had to be modified due to the COVID-related restrictions on gatherings. They expect to finalize the financial product and start marketing it next quarter.

HENRY CHRISTOPHE CAMPUS IN LIMONADE: WATER TESTING LABORATORY The Project awarded a grant to the Henry Christophe Campus in Limonade of the State University of Haiti (near Cap-Haitien)̈ to expand the existing soil laboratory to perform drinking water tests. Through this grant, Auburn University will provide the Henry Christophe Campus with technical assistance to develop the laboratory and elaborate a business plan for its operation. Building the skills of local water technicians and increasing the availability of water testing in the Cap-Haitien̈ area will ensure the safety of new water sources via monitoring tests, including laboratory and field-testing methods, which, along with the Project’s goals, will prevent instances of contamination in existing water sources before they lead to disease outbreaks and/or adverse health effects. In addition, the laboratory aims to function sustainably in the long term on a cost-recovery basis.

QUISQUEYA UNIVERSITY: TESTING PLANT-BASED FECAL SLUDGE TREATMENT Quisqueya University received a grant to assess the feasibility of implementing plant-based drying beds for the treatment of sludge from in Haiti. Currently, the only large-scale sludge treatment is done through a lagoon-based system at the Morne-à-Cabri facility. The sludge is pumped into lagoons where it is stored underwater and goes through anaerobic digestion. Instead of storing the sludge under water, Quisqueya University will test a system that has the sludge treated through ground-based plants.

GRANTS UNDER REVIEW Additionally, the Project is currently focused on the following proposals:

1. Bitatasyon Mesi Jezi: This grant would contribute to Haitians’ health and well-being as a whole by bringing to them a new, convenient, ergonomic, and modern type of toilet: “Ti Twalèt Peyi a.” It aims to put on the market 42 affordable toilets meant to reflect environmental norms and raise awareness of the importance of having a toilet. It will be finalized and signed by the beginning of next quarter. 2. 509 Sanitation: This grant would help 509 Sanitation to complete the installation of the incinerator begun under a previous USAID project. This incinerator would be used to dispose of contaminated garbage at the Morne-à-Cabri facility. The grant should be submitted to USAID at the beginning of next quarter. 3. Femmes Soleil du Nord: This grant would set up two water points in Vaudreuil in the Cap- Haïtien commune. This aims to provide easier access to water to at least 3,000 people in this area. The concept paper should be revised and submitted to USAID next quarter.

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MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND LEARNING ONGOING MONITORING In the last quarter, the M&E Specialist entered the training data into the new system USAID's Training Exchange and Automated Management System (TEAMS). The project provided updates to USAID through Teams and DevResults.

APPROVAL OF THE REVISED MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND LEARNING PLAN The Project received approval from USAID of the FY2020 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Plan. This plan had gone through a number of revisions, most recently including the new IM-Level indicator: Percent of USG-assisted organizations with improved performance.

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE The focus for environmental compliance is developing Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans (EMMPs) and Environmental Assessments (EAs) for the activities and monitoring the construction activities with approved EMMPs. The EMMPs for Mirebalais for the transmission line were submitted this quarter to USAID for approval. The Environmental Specialist should finalize the EMMP for the 509 Sanitation grant at the beginning of next quarter.

GENDER At the end of this quarter, the Gender Specialist began working on the development of community- based organizations to manage the kiosks in Mirebalais with the goal of increasing the role of women in managing the kiosks. The Gender Specialists held meetings with user groups from both the rural and urban kiosks. She found that the rural kiosk users had little interest in paying for water. The urban kiosk users were willing to pay but wanted to be sure that the kiosks kept regular hours. The Gender Specialist is working with the CTE to put together a management plan for the kiosks.

HOW THE PROJECT WILL MEET ITS F-INDICATOR TARGETS THIS YEAR As described in the following sections, the Project is on track to meet all of its F-Indicator targets in FY2020.

(HL.8.1-1) IND 1.1: NUMBER OF PEOPLE GAINING ACCESS TO BASIC DRINKING WATER SERVICES AS A RESULT OF USG ASSISTANCE: FY2020 TARGET: 25,000 The Project has already helped over 13,240 people to obtain access to improved water. As the Canaan water system is improved and the CTE adds more connections, the Project will exceed the target of 25,000.

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(HL.8.1-3) IND 1.2: NUMBER OF PEOPLE RECEIVING IMPROVED SERVICE QUALITY FROM AN EXISTING BASIC OR SAFELY MANAGED DRINKING WATER SERVICE AS A RESULT OF USG ASSISTANCE: FY2020 TARGET: 65,000 The Project has currently helped 50,030 people to receive improved service. The remaining 14,970 for this fiscal year will come from the improvements to the management of the Mirebalais system which serves 2,000 customers (10,000 people) and the development of the water kiosks through Living Water in Cap-Haïtien and with the CTE in Les Cayes.

(HL.8.2-2) IND 3.1: NUMBER OF PEOPLE GAINING ACCESS TO A BASIC SANITATION SERVICE AS A RESULT OF USG ASSISTANCE: FY2020 TARGET: 1,000 The Project is helping people gain access to basic sanitation by training SMEs to build and market toilets. The Project’s goal of 1,000 people is equivalent to the construction of 200 new toilets (assuming five people per household). The market is slowing down due to civil unrest and COVID-19, and the Project will keep assisting SMEs to stimulate the demand. However, it is uncertain whether the Project will meet its goal of 200 toilets. This quarter, the SMEs have built 71 toilets.

(HL.8.2-7) IND 3.2: NUMBER PEOPLE RECEIVING IMPROVED SANITATION SERVICE QUALITY FROM AN EXISTING "LIMITED" OR "BASIC" SERVICE AS A RESULT OF USG ASSISTANCE: FY2020 TARGET: 2,000 Once the Project completes the required environmental analysis of its fecal sludge work, it will be able to start providing technical assistance to the Morne-à-Cabri and to the Fonfred sites. When the Project is able to assist these sites in providing improved service quality, then it will be able to record its first beneficiaries for this indicator.

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ANNEX 1: PROJECT RESULTS FRAMEWORK The table below lists the indicators and expected results for the Project from the Project’s approved Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Plan (MELP) as updated in FY2020.

FY20 FY18 FY19 FY21 FY22 LOP Performance Indicators Baseline Actual Target Actual Actual Target Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Total Target Target Target

Increasing Access to Sustainable Water Services Outcome IND 1: Percentage increase of households in the 24% ------44% 44% target communes with access to a basic drinking water source (HL.8.1-1) IND 1.1: Number of people gaining access to basic 0 0 0 0 0 13,240 0 10,000 25,000 15,000 0 40,000 drinking water services as a result of USG assistance (HL.8.1-3) IND 1.2: Number of people receiving improved service quality from an existing basic or 0 0 18,815 15,000 19,380 48,470 50,030 65,000 65,000 210,000 210,000 210,000 safely managed drinking water service as a result of USG assistance. Outcome IND 2: Number of service providers demonstrating at 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 5 5 5 least 10% increase in cost recovery as a result of USG assistance. IND 2.1: Number of CTEs with standard operating procedures for 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 5 5 5 completed water safety plans as a result of USG assistance. IND 2.2: Number of CTEs with reliable, timely, and affordable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 5 5 5 supply chains for chlorine as a result of USG assistance

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FY20 FY18 FY19 FY21 FY22 LOP Performance Indicators Baseline Actual Target Actual Actual Target Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Total Target Target Target (HL.8.3-3) IND 2.3: Number of water and sanitation sector institutions strengthened to manage water resources or 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 5 5 5 improve water supply and sanitation services as a result of USG assistance. Increasing Access to Sustainable Sanitation Services Outcome IND 3: Percentage increase of households in the 53% ------60% - 65% 65% target communes with access to a basic sanitation facility. (HL.8.2-2) IND 3.1: Number of people gaining access to a basic 0 0 261 0 283 433 818 1000 1,000 3,000 5,000 5,000 sanitation service as a result of USG assistance (HL.8.2-7) IND 3.2: Number people receiving improved sanitation service quality from an 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,000 2,000 70,000 70,000 70,000 existing "limited" or "basic" service as a result of USG assistance Outcome IND 4: Number of SMEs demonstrating increased sales of sanitation 0 0 11 0 3 - 11 15 15 15 15 15 products and services as a result of USG assistance IND 4.1: Number of FSM entrepreneurs and/or SMEs 0 0 18 - ? 18 19 15 15 15 15 15 supported as a result of USG assistance IND 4.2: Number of communes 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 1 1 3 3 3 with access to waste treatment

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FY20 FY18 FY19 FY21 FY22 LOP Performance Indicators Baseline Actual Target Actual Actual Target Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Total Target Target Target capacity as a result of USG assistance

Output Indicator 4.3: Percent 80% 70% 86% of USG-assisted organizations with 0 N/A N/A N/A - - - 86% (4/5) (5/7) (6/7) improved performance [IM-level] Improving the Enabling Environment for Sustainable Implementation, Operation, and Maintenance of Water and Sanitation Services and Maintenance of Water and Sanitation Services Outcome IND 5: Percentage of staff in target sector institutions self-reporting 0 0 - - - - - 25% 25% 35% 50% 50% increased ability to perform effectively in assigned job as a result of USG assistance Outcome IND 6: Number of agreed strategies/plans for improved water and/or sanitation service delivery 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 4 4 5 6 6 being implemented at the national, regional, and/or commune level as a result of USG assistance IND 5/6.1: Number of water and sanitation national/sub-national institutions receiving training in support of sector planning, 0 0 9 0 0 6 1 9 9 9 9 9 investment, monitoring and/or regulation, as a result of USG assistance

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FY20 FY18 FY19 FY21 FY22 LOP Performance Indicators Baseline Actual Target Actual Actual Target Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Total Target Target Target IND 5.2: Number of national or regional events on project learning involving government, civil society, 0 0 - - 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 private sector and/or donor partners conducted as a result of USG assistance IND 6.2: Number of knowledge products supporting sector planning, investment, monitoring, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 5 sustained service delivery and/or regulation, disseminated as a result of USG assistance

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ANNEX 2: PROJECT STAFFING UPDATE The Project hired the following staff and consultants this quarter:

1. Two new water and sanitation infrastructure engineers to supervise support the Mirebalais and Cap Haitian CTEs 2. A social engineering specialist to focus on improving the management of public kiosks in Les Cayes 3. A software engineer to install and train all the CTEs’ commercial staff on SIGA software (Système Intégré de Gestion des Abonnés / Integrated Customer Management System) 4. A new photographer to support the Project and all its communication activities 5. A new senior procurement specialist, based in Cap-Haïtien