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Fort Smith Explorer's Guide Northwest Territories UNEXPECTED. UNFORGETTABLE. EXPLORER’S GUIDE WWW.FORTSMITH.CA UNEXPECTEDLY CLOSE Rae Edzo FORT SMITH is easily ac- Yellowknife cessible year-round by car. It is an unforgettable drive through a wild, Boreal forest on well maintained roads. Fort NORTHWEST Smith also has a full-service, Fort Providence commercial airport with regular TERRITORIES flights from Edmonton, Fort McMurray and Yellowknife. FORT DRIVING DISTANCES SMITH TO FORT SMITH Border Information Station LOCATION.................Km Miles NT/AB Border ............. 380 237 High Level, AB ............ 583 364 UNESCO World Peace River, AB ......... 865 540 Heritage Site Grande Prairie, AB ....1024 640 Peace Point Edmonton, AB .......... 1365 853 Calgary, AB .............. 1645 1028 Latitude: 60.0047° N Longitude: 111.8817° W Elevation: 205m / 673ft ALASKA ALBERTA Anchorage NORTHWEST Iqaluit TERRITORIES NUNAVUT FORT SMITH Edmonton Vancouver C A N A Calgary D A Winnipeg Montreal Minneapolis To ronto LEGEND New York U N I T E Trans-Canada Trail Los Angeles D S T A T E S Paved Highway Unpaved Highway Atlanta Winter Road Northwest Territories UNEXPECTED. UNFORGETTABLE. WELCOME! WELCOME TO OUR TOWN in the here. Shortly after the pelicans’ spring WHILE TRAVELLING roads near the midst of Canada’s pristine subarctic arrival, kayakers come to challenge community, keep an eye out for WBNP’s wilderness. We know you’ll find it as the mighty rapids in what has become herd of more than 5,000 free-roaming unforgettable as we do. one of the world’s foremost whitewater wood bison. Canada’s largest national playgrounds. park is the size of Switzerland and FORT SMITH is a hidden gem tucked a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It’s inside the Northwest Territories, just FOR NEARLY A CENTURY Fort also home to the nesting grounds of north of the Alberta border. Boreal forest Smith was the administrative centre of the endangered whooping crane and surrounds it like a giant robe, with the the Northwest Territories. The Northern the Salt Plains, which contributed to its Canadian Shield’s innumerable lakes to Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church designation. the east and the limestone caves and – which operated schools throughout sinkholes of Wood Buffalo National Park the North – and the Royal Canadian IN SUMMER the land abounds with (WBNP) to the west. Mounted Police had their headquarters birds, fish and animals. The trails are here in the historic capital. The town’s endless, and fences are rare. Fort Smith THE TOWN’S location on the banks storied past is particularly evident at the is renowned for its gardens, musicians of the Slave River made it a vital stop Northern Life Museum & Cultural Centre and artists – and so much more. In winter for explorers and fur traders travelling and Fort Smith Mission Historic Park. it becomes a peaceful oasis of sparkling north to the Mackenzie River and Arctic Today, Fort Smith is a thriving, modern snow, clear skies and Northern Lights. In Ocean beyond. Wander from the board- community of 2,400 Métis, Dene and fact, its latitude makes it one of the best walk down to ‘the Rocks’ for an intimate newer Northerners who live, play and places in the world to view the Aurora view of the white pelicans that summer work together. Borealis. Photo courtesy of National Archives of Canada/PA 189168 OUR HISTORY FOR CENTURIES, the Dene and Métis followed. A Roman Catholic mission was hunted and fished the land and tributaries built in 1876 and the Oblate Brothers grew flowing into the Slave River. The waterway vegetables for missions along the Mackenzie INTERESTING was key to their movements, following the River. The community soon earned its ancient rhythms of animals and seasons. Chipewyan name, Thebacha, meaning “at FACTS Explorers and fur traders later used the the foot of the rapids.” Slave as a gateway from the Prairies when • Thebacha is the Chipewyan name for travelling north from Lake Athabasca. FOR PART of the 20th century, the Northern the area, meaning “at the foot of the Transportation Company Limited was based rapids”. AS MORE TRADERS, missionaries and here for barges coming down the Athabasca supplies plied the Slave River, York boats River, headed for the Mackenzie River and • Trapping has been a traditional way of and paddle wheelers replaced the canoe. Arctic Ocean. Barges were hauled through life for many people in the region for To this day the only obstacles are four sets town by truck and re-launched at Bell Rock, hundreds of years and still is to this of impassable rapids along the 27-kilometre 13 kilometres downstream from Fort Smith. day. Trappers collect furs of beaver, stretch between Fort Fitzgerald and Fort For 200 years, all freight from the south lynx, rabbit and many other animals in Smith: Cassette, Mountain, Pelican and travelled the Slave River on its way to the the boreal forest. Rapids of the Drowned. Explorers and Arctic, until a highway to Hay River was Aboriginal people walked their canoes built in 1949 and freight was transported • The community owes its existence to down the east side of the Slave to skirt to Great Slave Lake. Today, many federal the four sets of formidable rapids on the these rapids. and territorial government offices, including Slave River, which acted as a gateway the headquarters of Aurora College, remain for early travellers on the river system LATER, several transportation companies in Fort Smith. going North. established a portage system on the river’s west side. Men using brute strength, log rollers, windlasses and Red River carts hauled boats and supplies up and down hills to avoid the rapids. Remains of this system can be seen today at Mountain Rapids. THE HUDSON’S BAY Company built an outpost at Fort Smith in 1872 named for A ROYAL VISIT Lord Strathcona, Donald Alexander Smith. The northern headquarters of the Royal On July 8, 1970, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, along with her husband Prince Canadian Mounted Police and the Northern Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, and their children, Prince Charles and Princess Anne visited Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church soon Fort Smith during a tour of the Northwest Territories to participate in centennial celebrations. OUR CULTURE FORT SMITH has long been a cultural meeting THE MÉTIS have a long history in the area, place for the Dene First Nations and the Métis as dating back to when explorers and fur trad- well as the Francophones and other non-Aboriginal ers of European descent first set foot in the EXPERIENCE people. Its rich diversity is exemplified in Salt River North and intermarried with Aboriginal people. First Nation, Smith’s Landing First Nation, the About 800 members live in Fort Smith and THE CULTURE Métis Council and the Fort Smith Francophone they are one of the three South Slave Métis Association all calling the community home. groups involved in land claims negotiations. • Celebrate National Aboriginal Day, June 21 – A territorial holiday celebrating the culture SALT RIVER First Nation has more than ABORIGINAL CULTURE comes alive and heritage of the indigenous people. 750 members, many of whom live in or near each June 21 on National Aboriginal Day. A Fort Smith. Their land claim, settled in 2001, party atmosphere reigns along the boardwalk • Treaty Land Entitlement Days – This event gives them reserve land at 16 sites in and by the Slave River as the community comes has all the key ingredients to make it a mem- around the Town of Fort Smith, and four sites together to participate in Dene hand games, orable Northern cultural event: A community in Wood Buffalo National Park. chat with Aboriginal artists displaying their feast, music, entertainment and a major work inside tents, cook bannock over an open traditional men’s hand games tournament. SMITH’S LANDING First Nation has 331 fire and enjoy refreshments offered on-site. members and was formally recognized as • Take an Art Workshop taught by a local in- an Indian band in 1988. In 2000, a TLE was THE FIRST PEOPLE of this region were the structor – Try your hand at some traditional signed and a 21,500-acre reserve was created Dene, a word that means “people” in their arts such as beading, moccasin making, around Thebathi Reserve 196 (known as Fort language. The Dene are all part of a greater and fish scale art along with contempo- Fitzgerald) near the Alberta/Northwest Terri- family of the Athapaskan-speaking people, rary art classes! Check the Northern Life tories border, including three small parcels of who range from the Den’a people in Alaska Museum & Cultural Centre for up-to-date land in Wood Buffalo National Park in Alberta. to the Navajo and Apache who live in the workshop information, www.nlmcc.ca. About 10 families live in Thebathi Reserve 196 American Southwest. The Dene call their (Fort Fitzgerald) and 11 families live in Theba- homeland “Denendeh” which means the • Learn some of the language – Books, cha Nare 196A (known as Border Town) while “Land of the People”. Denendeh is a huge cookbooks, posters, CD’s and more can many band members reside in Fort Smith. terrain that spreads across a large section be found at the NWT Métis Nation office of the Northwest Territories. or the community’s Mary Kaeser Library. • Use technology to help you learn the language! Visit the NWT Cree Language THE OLD MAN OF THE NORTH Program website: http://nehiyawewin. com/ Here you will find music, down- François Beaulieu II, known locally as “Old Man” Beaulieu, was an important Métis loadable books, and much inspiration to leader and the founding father of the Northwest Territories Métis. He lived from help you understand the Cree language 1771-1872 and was designated a National Historic Person in 2000.
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