Quarry Plans in the Management of Water Resources: Case Study of the River Serio

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SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006 First International Conference on Sustainable Irrigation Management, Technologies and Policies

Quarry plans in the G. Ravazzani1 management of M. Mancini1 water resources: case study of the S. Meucci2 River Serio 1 DIIAR-CIMI Milan Polytechnic, Italy

2 MMI s.r.l. Milan, Italy, www.mmidro.it

5 – 7 September 2006 Bologna, Italy Organised by: Wessex Institute of Technology, UK SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006 OF AIMTHE WORK 100 km lakes 700 quarry census: Recent 350 exploitation intensive to subject resources, water traditional to Volume comparable Serio River the of study case resources: waterof management the in plans Quarry 230 million euro million 230 of damage economic Estimated emergencies for water scarcity water for emergencies increase years last the In –

700million m 2

surface

water scarcity water of mitigation the for means strategic may, reservoirsQuarry a become then, Lombardy

SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006 STUDY AREA THE Serio River the of study case resources: waterof management the in plans Quarry

Q uarry code ATE g2 ATE ATE g3 ATE ATE g4 ATE total

Surface [m ATE 163250 100200 314850 51400 -g4 Actual

2 ]

state Depth [m] Depth

16 15 15 - quarries the of Characteristics

ATE

ATE -g3 Surface [m 160000 258600

98600 -g2 Planned Planned 0

2 ]

expansion Depth [m] Depth 15 15 - -

SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006 AVAILABLE DATA: cartography Serio River the of study case resources: waterof management the in plans Quarry DEM

LAND USE

LITHOLOGY Regione LombardiaRegione

AVAILABLE DATA: time series SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006 Serio River the of study case resources: waterof management the in plans Quarry Lombardia ARPA Regione data Rainfall

Discharge [m3/s] 1995 discharge series Long 01/01/1996 0.00 100 150 200 250 300 350 50 Bergamasca Pianura Media Bonifica di Consorzio 0 - 10/04/1996 0.00 2005 Ponte Cene 19/07/1996 0.00 time 27/10/1996 0.00 SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006 HYDROLOGY DROUGHT Serio River the of study case resources: waterof management the in plans Quarry

0.0216 Bartolini, 2004 Bartolini, a 1

σ y 2

= D ln (     q     σ 0.99 µ ) 3 S = drainage area [km areadrainage = S a

q Discharge [m /s] q = 1000 2 100    

H = average annual rainfall [m] rainfall annual average = H 10 1 2 365

0 + 1     [ 1 50 − µ 1 µ F y a .43 3 q = q 100

(

ln q = ) ( µ ] a 150 q 1 ) S duration [days] − 0.023 0 b 1 . b 200 5 H 1 σ

2 ] f y

2 c ( 1 y 250 ) = 1996 FDC 1996 Known points FDC estimated σ 300 y 0.924 σ 1 b 2 2 q π

350

= exp a      2 − 400 S 1 2 1.148 b     b 2 3 y H

σ −

y µ c 2 y     2      DROUGHT HYDROLOGY DROUGHT SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006 711 = S [km H 1.7[m]= Serio River the of study case resources: waterof management the in plans Quarry 2 ]

3 Daily discharge [m /s] 1000 100 10 1 0 100 days year of 200 Natural FDC 300 400 DROUGHT HYDROLOGY DROUGHT SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006 711 = S [km H 1.7[m]= Serio River the of study case resources: waterof management the in plans Quarry 2 ]

3 Daily discharge [m /s] 1000

100 0.1 10 1 downstream = 2,26 m 2,26 = downstream 0 upstream = 10,33 m 10,33 = upstream 3,06 100 days of year days of 200 Minimum Flow Minimum FDC Anthropic FDC Natural 3 3 /s /s

300 400 minimum flow minimum 24 days under the 3.700.000 m volumeDeficit =

SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006 WATER MANAGEMENT Serio River the of study case resources: waterof management the in plans Quarry Environmental Targets to preserve during water scarcity period Targets scarcity water during preserve to Environmental quality Agricultural needs quality

Agricultural needs

2,26 m 2,26 m 3,06 5,32 m 5,32 =

3 3 3 /s /s /s

ROLE OF THE QUARRIES THE OF ROLE SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006

Discharge [m3/s] 10 12 14 16 Serio River the of study case resources: waterof management the in plans Quarry 0 2 4 6 8 300 HP: quarries as a whole in future expansion scenario expansion future in a whole as quarries HP: Environmental quality 310 320 330 duration [days]

3.700.000 m 3.700.000 340

350 Minimum Flow Minimum FDC Anthropic FDC Natural 3

360 370

573.450 m 573.450 6,5 m 6,5

Quarry plans in the management of water resources: case study of the River Serio

ROLE OF THE QUARRIES

HP: quarries as a whole in future expansion scenario 573.450 m2

Agricultural needs

Natural FDC 14 Anthropic FDC 2 m Downstream irrigation needs 12 4 m 5,5 m

/s] 10 3

6 Discharge [m 3 4 2.300.000 m

0 6 – 12 - 16 days 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 duration [days] 18 days SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006 IRRIGATION SUSTAINABLE Quarry plans in the management of water resources: case study of the River Serio

ROLE OF THE QUARRIES

HP: quarries as a whole in future expansion scenario 573.450 m2

Environmental Agricultural quality needs

Natural FDC 14 Anthropic FDC Natural and irrigation needs 12

/s] 10 3

8 10.000.000 m3 6 Discharge [m

0 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 duration [days] SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006 IRRIGATION SUSTAINABLE OPERATING STRUCTURES SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006 analysis Cost Labour,30 days 2workers, 30 fuel, days,H 24 5 supply andinstallation pumps, TOTAL Serio River the of study case resources: waterof management the in plans Quarry

240.000 36.000 54.000 150.000 € € € € DRAINING TIME

SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006 Conductivity, Serio River the of study case resources: waterof management the in plans Quarry ∆ ∆ W H quarry (m a.s.l.) t 60 65 70 75 80 = 0 Q drawdowns i Q − volume extracted Q o 10 Conductivity, k o

2,26 m = 3 Days • 20

10 L = 3 increasing increasing - /s Q 5 increasing increasing 573

m/s m/s i

30 = ( ( K h h k K 2

− − = 3 40 H H 0.E+00 1.E+06 2.E+06 3.E+06 4.E+06 5.E+06 6.E+06 7.E+06 8.E+06 • ) q 2 10 ) K 2 Kh - 5 3 L extracted volume (m ) P -

3 H quarry (m a.s.l.) 60 65 70 75 80 • 10 0 Q Q Q - o o 4

i - 3,06 m 10 3 • 10 - Days 9 3 20

/s m/s m/s

increasing increasing

increasing increasing 30 K K 40 H 0.E+00 2.E+06 4.E+06 6.E+06 8.E+06 1.E+07 1.E+07 q

extracted volume (m3) Q i PIEZOMETRIC HEADPIEZOMETRIC SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006 Serio River the of study case resources: waterof management the in plans Quarry h 2 =    H Elevation (m a.s.l.) 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 2 0 + 2 KP Q

L    0 500 . 5 1000 ATE g4 69.50 Serioriver bed distance (m) distance 1500 ATE g3 69.50 2000 2500 3•10 3•10 -4 -4 -5 -5 m/s m/s 3000 SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006 REFILLING TIME Serio River the of study case resources: waterof management the in plans Quarry

water level (m a.s.l.) 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 0 20 days 20 k k s s = 3•10 = 3•10 -4 -4 k -4 -4 m/s s days m/s = 3•10 40 -5 -5 63 days m/s 60 80 0.0E+00 2.0E+05 4.0E+05 6.0E+05 8.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.2E+06 1.4E+06 1.6E+06 1.8E+06 2.0E+06

inflow volume (m3) SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006 CONCLUSIONS Serio River the of study case resources: waterof management the in plans Quarry Analysis withAnalysis a time varying model bidimensional estimation parameter for test situ in of Need period a12days for life natural for river the in flow minimum the maintain to possible is it Alternatively,drawdown, same of the means by period 16 days a for withdrawals water downstream the for necessary discharge the Serio river the in maintain to possible is it m of 5.5 adrawdownWith activities andagricultural conservation environment in have may quarries importance great the show results The times of waterscarcity in supplies of maintenance for plains flood watercoursein materials of inert of quarries bythe creation available made volumes using and rehabilitating of possibility the investigated we study present the In