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The Role of Radio Broadcasters in the Diffusion of Advanced Statistics in Major League Baseball Broadcasts

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The Role of Radio Broadcasters in the Diffusion of Advanced Statistics in Major League Baseball Broadcasts WHIP, BABIP, AND FIP: THE ROLE OF RADIO BROADCASTERS IN THE DIFFUSION OF ADVANCED STATISTICS IN MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL BROADCASTS by ERIC NEHM B.A., Maryville University of St. Louis, 2012 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE A.Q. Miller School of Journalism and Mass Communication College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2015 Approved by: Major Professor Dr. Barbara DeSanto Copyright ERIC NEHM 2015 Abstract The purpose of this study was to take a closer look at the use of advanced statistics in Major League Baseball (MLB) radio broadcasts and the possible effects usage could have on the roles of MLB broadcasters. This study used a theoretical framework supported by role theory and diffusion of innovations theory. The study employed in-depth interviews of eight MLB radio broadcasters to get a better understanding of the broadcasters’ thoughts on the value of advanced statistics, how using advanced statistics could affect their role as a broadcaster, the factors that influence the potential inclusion of advanced statistics in their broadcasts, and ultimately, whether broadcasters perceived advanced statistics as a trend or a fad. The interviews revealed a number of things about the baseball broadcasting industry with disagreements appearing in regards to techniques in using advanced statistics in broadcasts and the value of advanced statistics to listeners. Despite the disagreements, the most important finding was the unanimous belief that advanced statistics are not a fad, but rather something that will remain a part of baseball broadcasts going forward. Keywords: sports broadcasting, broadcasting, broadcasting roles, advanced statistics, sabermetrics, sports broadcast content Table of Contents List of Tables ............................................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. vii Chapter 1 - Introduction ..............................................................................................................1 Pervasiveness of the Problem ..............................................................................................2 Gaps in Literature ............................................................................................................2 Implications .....................................................................................................................2 Study Overview ...................................................................................................................4 Chapter 2 - Literature Review .....................................................................................................5 Advanced Statistics Introduction .........................................................................................5 Theoretical Framework ...................................................................................................... 11 Broadcasters’ Role Studies ................................................................................................ 13 Sports Audiences’ Motivations .......................................................................................... 15 Broadcast Structure ........................................................................................................... 16 Diffusion of Innovations Theory ........................................................................................ 18 Chapter 3 - Methodology .......................................................................................................... 23 Participants ........................................................................................................................ 23 Procedure .......................................................................................................................... 24 Questions Used .................................................................................................................. 25 Chapter 4 - Findings .................................................................................................................. 29 Defining Advanced Statistics ............................................................................................. 29 Experience and Exposure................................................................................................... 33 Usage of Advanced Statistics ............................................................................................. 37 Usage Techniques (Stories, Anecdotes, Definitions) .......................................................... 40 Perceptions of Audience .................................................................................................... 44 Perceived Importance of Advanced Statistics ..................................................................... 47 Feedback Process .............................................................................................................. 48 Broadcast Booth Dynamics................................................................................................ 51 Industry Perceptions of Advanced Statistics....................................................................... 52 iv Chapter 5 - Discussion .............................................................................................................. 56 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 56 Research Questions ........................................................................................................... 56 Research Question 1: Broadcasters’ Perceived Value of Advanced Statistics ................. 56 Perceived Importance of Advanced Statistics. ............................................................ 57 Advanced Statistics: Fad or Trend.............................................................................. 59 Research Question 2: The Effect of Advanced Statistics on the Broadcasters’ Role ....... 60 Use as Advanced Play-by-Play Action Contextual Information .................................. 60 Use as a Teaching Device .......................................................................................... 61 Relationship to Casual Fan/Listener ........................................................................... 62 Research Question 3: Factors Influencing Broadcasters ................................................. 64 Experience and Exposure. .......................................................................................... 64 Different Channels – Radio/Television Formats ......................................................... 64 Broadcast Booth Dynamics ........................................................................................ 65 Limitations of the Study .................................................................................................... 68 Future Research ................................................................................................................. 68 Strengths ........................................................................................................................... 73 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 73 References ................................................................................................................................ 75 Appendix A - Informed Consent Form ...................................................................................... 83 Appendix B - Questions Used in Interviews .............................................................................. 84 Appendix C - Statistics Glossary ............................................................................................... 86 v List of Tables Table 1 – Differences Between “Normal” Statistics and Advanced Statistics ............................. 30 Table 2 – Years Broadcasting and Market Size of Participants .................................................. 33 Table 3 – Timeline of Broadcasters’ First Exposures to Advanced Statistics ............................. 34 Table 4 – Broadcaster Perceptions of “The Average Listener” ................................................... 44 vi Acknowledgements None of this would be possible without the support of my family. No matter where I say I am going to live or what I say I am going to do, they support my decision. There have been plenty of times where I have questioned a decision I’ve made or had some doubts about what I was doing with my life, but a simple phone call to my parents has always assured me that I’ve made the right decision. And for that, I am endlessly thankful. There is no doubt that I am who I am today and have accomplished the things I have accomplished because of my parents and siblings. I also need to thank Dr. Barb DeSanto, who somehow knew that I would be coming back to school after I obtained my Bachelor’s Degree at Maryville University in St. Louis. I’m still not sure how she knew. Her help throughout this process has been invaluable. vii Chapter 1 - Introduction As advanced statistics become more common in the baseball industry, baseball broadcasters have struggled to figure out how their broadcasts should change with these new statistics in mind. These
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