Fall 2016 Vol. 104, No. 4 bulletin www.mobot.org

1 Missouri Bulletin Fall 2016 hours and admission For hours and admission prices at our contents three locations, visit www.mobot.org, www.butterflyhouse.org, and www.shawnature.org. contact Missouri Botanical Garden 4344 Shaw Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63110 (314) 577-5100 • www.mobot.org on the cover Shaw Nature Reserve's prairie (on former farmland or pasture) represents a once-vast, nearly treeless ecosystem, of which less than 1% of the original remains intact. Photo by JJ Mueller. credits Editor/Designer: Andrea Androuais ©2016 Missouri Botanical Garden The Bulletin is a benefit of Garden membership. The BULLETIN (ISSN 0026-6507) is published quarterly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110. Periodicals postage paid at St. Louis, MO. postmaster: Please send address changes to Bulletin, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299 sustainability The Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin is printed on paper containing 100% post-consumer recycled content, that is, paper that you might have placed in the recycle bin in your home or office this year. It is manufactured using biogas, a renewable energy source. We print locally, so there is no long-haul transportation, and we’re reinvesting in our community. We work hard to choose the most features more inside environmentally responsible paper around. So if you aren’t quite ready 10 | Eco Restoration 3 from the president to go completely electronic with our online version, you can still enjoy your The Garden’s efforts to repair the 4 what’s new? paper Bulletin in good conscience. damage done to ecosystems. 6 did you know? Once you’ve read it, please recycle. 14 | Celebrating Tradition 8 what can you do? Signature festivals commemorate 18 just for members To discover and share milestone anniversaries. knowledge about and 20 special events their environment in order to 16 | Create a Legacy 21 shop & dine preserve and enrich life. Heritage Society members secure the 22 commemorative gifts mission of the Garden’s future. calendar Missouri Botanical Garden

Thank you! Your membership provides critical support for our international and local science and conservation work, and Garden memberships contribute 20% of our annual operating funds. To learn more about the benefits of your membership, visit www.mobot.org/membership, email [email protected], or call (314) 577-5118. photos by Chris Birkinshaw and Monique Mullen Chris Birkinshaw by photos

2 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 board of trustees from the president officers The Honorable Francis G. Slay Lelia J. Farr, Chair Bishop George Wayne Smith Daniel A. Burkhardt, The Honorable Steven V. Stenger Vice Chair Rick Sullivan Peter S. Wyse Jackson, MA, Mark S. Wrighton, PhD nderstanding our history is PhD, FLS, President members emeriti Peter H. Raven, PhD, President both fascinating and valuable Mrs. Walter F. Ballinger II U Emeritus Clarence C. Barksdale to help guide our present and members John H. Biggs future. It is also critical to our Catherine B. Berges Stephen F. Brauer Arnold W. Donald William H. T. Bush global conservation efforts. To Sharon D. Fiehler Bert Condie III build a more sustainable, secure, Robert R. Hermann, Jr. Prof. Sir Peter R. Crane FRS David M. Hollo L. B. Eckelkamp, Jr. and verdant future, we must first Kirk A. Imhof Marilyn R. Fox understand—and come to terms David W. Kemper Robert R. Hermann Ward M. Klein Edward D. Higgins with—our history, especially our Charles E. Kopman Paula M. Keinath interactions with the natural world that provides for us. Today, Chris Lewis Rosalyn H. Kling Carolyn W. Losos Robert E. Kresko we face great challenges: poverty, climate change, inequality, Daniel J. Ludeman Hal A. Kroeger W. Stephen Maritz June M. Kummer and biodiversity loss to name a few. However, we are also at Jeff L. Pittman, PhD James S. McDonnell III a critical point where we can acknowledge, understand, and Cynthia S. Peters Cheryl Morley Nicholas L. Reding Roy Pfautch promote the importance of plants for global sustainability Marsha J. Rusnack Mabel L. Purkerson, MD (see page 6). We can also support the recovery of the Stephen C. Sachs Peggy Ritter Scott C. Schnuck Joseph F. Shaughnessy ecosystems that provide us with the goods and services we Thad W. Simons Nancy R. Siwak need for life—from clean water and air to food and shelter Rex A. Sinquefield Robert B. Smith III Michael K. Stern, PhD Nora R. Stern (see page 10). Andrew C. Taylor William K. Tao, DSc Looking back in time also allows us to celebrate the places Eugene M. Toombs Jack E. Thomas Josephine Weil Jane S. Tschudy and events that have become traditions for many of us. This Robert M. Williams, Jr. John K. Wallace, Jr. O. Sage Wightman III year, we’re thrilled to be celebrating the 25th anniversary of ex officio Roma B. Wittcoff Thomas F. George, PhD the Best of Missouri Market and the 40th anniversary of the Benjamin H. Hulsey honorary Japanese Festival (see page 14). To all of you who have made Fred P. Pestello, PhD Surinder (Suri) Sehgal, PhD these signature events possible through the years and to those of you who have attended, thank you! We’re also looking forward to the biennial Prairie Day at members’ board Susan N. Rowe Mary Kay Denning, President Marsha J. Rusnack Shaw Nature Reserve, which allows you to step back in time Ann M. Bowen Mary Lee Salzer-Lutz and learn more about Missouri’s cultural and natural heritage Debbie Callihan Nancy L. Sauerhoff Eileen M. Carr Susie Littmann Schulte (see page 8). We’re excited to offer you more opportunities to Sue Cohen David Schulz enjoy the Garden, the Nature Reserve, and the Sophia M. Sachs Kristen Cornett Knapp Jan Simons Raiser Jeanne P. Crawford Carol A. Squires Butterfly House and to be a part of so many of your lives. Angela Dalton Susan Squires Goldschmidt Jeanie C. Davis Patricia Steiner It is also important to reflect on the Garden’s history, its Ellen Dubinsky Nora R. Stern important place in the world today, and our role in the future. Kathy Durel Elizabeth Teasdale Audrey Feuerbacher Jane S. Tschudy In his will, founder Henry Shaw left a bequest to establish and Kim Gamel Debbie Windus support the Garden, creating a legacy that has become a world- Michael C. Heim Douglas R. Wolter Janice A. Hermann leading botanical institution. Since then, many have followed zmd botanical garden Laure B. Hullverson subdistrict his example and created legacy gifts see( page 16). On behalf Ellen E. Jones Yemi Susan Akande-Bartsch Judy Kaplan of the Garden, I’d like to thank the members of our Heritage Adrian E. Bracy Celeste Kennedy John C. McPheeters Society, whose vital support helps sustain the Garden’s mission Lynn Koeneman Marcia B. Mellitz Martha LaFata Brian A. Murphy into the future, for our own region and for the world. Janet B. Lange Martin Schweig, Jr. Stephanie Littlefield Pamela Shephard Mary V. Longrais Marjorie M. Weir Virginia McCook Francis Yueh Parker McMillan Hillary B. Zimmerman Janet Mika Isabelle C. Morris Non-voting advisory Anita D. O’Connell members: Dr. Peter Wyse Jackson, President Sue B. Oertli Janice M. Nelson

photo by Koraley Northen Koraley by photo Sue M. Rapp James H. Yemm

3 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 what’s new?

Corpse Bloom Again sassaƒras This summer, the Garden witnessed the blooming of two titan arum plants ( titanum), also known This summer, the as “corpse flowers.” They were the sixth Green Dining Alliance, and seventh such occurrences since a restaurant sustainability 2012. “Jack” bloomed July 16, and it certification program, had unfurled once in October 2013. recertified Sassafras “Izzy” bloomed August 13; its two as a 4-star member, previous blooms happened in 2012 and recognizing the café’s 2014. Visitors were able to witness (and efforts to embrace smell!) these specimens during special enhanced sustainable late-night viewing opportunities, practices such as when the characteristic rotting water and energy smell is usually at its peak. For more conservation; sourcing information on this fascinating plant, local foods; recycling please visit www.mobot.org/titanarum. and waste reduction; and educating visitors.

Restoration Ecologist at Nature Reserve Shaw Nature Reserve welcomed Mike Saxton in April as the new Ecological Restoration Specialist. He previously worked for The Nature Conservancy in the Nachusa Grasslands, outside Chicago. With an undergraduate degree in History, a minor in Philosophy, and a Master of Science in Biological Geography, Saxton’s background allows him to approach problems, especially those in degraded or transformed ecosystems, with a different perspective. “Ecological restoration is all about dealing with human choices of the past,” Teens plant sweet potatoes and sunflowers during the joint event. he says. “It’s important to understand the history of the changes.” Programs Come Together for Teens This summer, the Sweet Potato Project and the Garden’s Sunflower+ Project STL joined Vice President in UN Committee forces to plant on the lot next to Union Avenue Vice President of Education Sheila Christian Church in the Central West End. Voss has been invited to serve on the Through the Sweet Potato Project, teens are United Nations Convention on Biological employed to plant sweet potatoes on vacant Diversity’s Informal Advisory Committee lots. They also learn about horticulture, on Communication, Education, and Public financial literacy, product development, and Awareness. This August she attended a committee workshop in marketing. The Garden’s Richard Reilly, who Montreal, Canada, along with representatives from more than launched Sunflower+ Project in 2013, saw 15 countries and organizations. The workshop brought together an opportunity for the teens to also harvest environmental science and communications professionals from the flowers to sell them as ornamentals and around the world to share insights on how effective biodiversity harvest the seeds this fall to sell and to replant. messaging can propel and advance biodiversity conservation. Gordon Phoebe Mussman, and Maddy Reilly, Richard Sundos Schneider, by photos

4 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 The Garden community mourns the loss Mr. Taylor’s relationship with the Garden of Jack C. Taylor, a veteran, businessman, and spanned more than 40 years. His generous philanthropist who gave generously of his contributions have greatly advanced the time, talent, and treasure to the benefit of all. Garden’s mission. Most recently, his significant Mr. Taylor passed away in July at the age of 94. gift to theGarden for the World campaign will Mr. Taylor sold cars in St. Louis after allow the Garden to complete work on three In Memoriam serving as a fighter pilot during World War II. capital projects by the end of 2017. Jack C. He transitioned into the leasing industry in It is difficult to adequately express our Taylor the 1950s, growing his business into today’s gratitude for all he has done for the Garden family-owned Enterprise Holdings. and St. Louis. We will miss him very much.

Garden Welcomes Educators The Garden hosted two workshops this summer for local teachers. The Climate Science and Stewardship workshop, in partnership with Saint Louis University, convened 75 educators of grades 4–12 to deepen understanding of climate science and demonstrate how plant science and stewardship projects Teachers toured the Garden as part of the three-day early childhood educator summit. can address climate change. For early childhood educators, the Construction Underway Garden convened the 2016 Early Childhood Nature Summit, part of the Work is progressing on the Sprouting Science program supported by The Boeing Company. Involving new Oertli Family Hardy Plant 40 educators, many from Head Start centers and St. Louis Public Schools, Nursery a few blocks from the main the summit focused on transforming schools and communities into Garden grounds. Demolition of living classrooms and places for nature-rich learning and discovery. existing structures is complete, with cleanup in progress. Next steps will include grading the land and laying infrastructure for new buildings and pathways. The Garden is pleased to be able to use a greenhouse structure previously donated by Ahners Nursery as part of the greenhouse complex. The donated greenhouse will be Introducing reconstructed into two houses for Becky Patel Garden Hosts Career Summit for Teens cuttings and seed propagation. The New Young Friends As part of the St. Louis Youth bulk of the space will be dedicated Council Chair Conservation Corps, the Garden hosted to pot production, allowing plants 2016–2017 50 teens in July for a day of team-building to mature before transferring to the outdoor nursery space. More information activities and meeting professionals in fields For continued updates, visit at www.mobot.org/ related to conservation, education, research, www.mobot.org/hardyplantnursery. youngfriends. and community leadership. photos by Elizabeth Harris, Phoebe Mussman, Derek Lyle, and courtesy of the Taylor family Taylor the of and courtesy Lyle, Elizabeth Harris, Phoebe Mussman, Derek by photos

5 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 did you know?

Garden Curator Assisting New National Park In 2015, Assistant Garden Leads Conservation Efforts Curator Roy Gereau joined This summer, the Garden hosted an colleagues from the Botanic international conference of the Global Garden Meise in Belgium, Partnership for Plant Conservation. Themed the Wildlife Conservation “Plant Conservation and the Sustainable Society (WCS), and the Development Goals,” the event gathered Lukuru Foundation to nearly 150 participants from 27 countries to inventory biodiversity in discuss the importance of plants for global the east central part of the sustainability and the role they can play in Democratic Republic of the achieving the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Gereau presses rattan palm Congo (DRC) in an effort to Development Agenda by 2030. “Individually (Eremospatha laurentii) collected during the inventory project. support the establishment our efforts are important wherever we work, of a national park. This but collectively they will amount to a world- summer, DRC Prime Minister Augustin Matata Ponyo changing initiative. The successes we achieve officially established the Lomami National Park, the together will ensure that plant life survives and first since 1970 and only the eighth in the country. thrives to sustain ourselves and our future,” says It covers 3,426 sq. mi. (99% the size of Yellowstone) Garden President Dr. Peter Wyse Jackson. The of nearly unexplored tropical forest and grassland. results of the conference will be presented to a “This is a real win for conservation when a wildlife meeting of the UN Convention on Biological conservation foundation can partner with a botanical Diversity in Mexico this December. garden to demonstrate that both the animals and plants Among the outcomes of the conference are important and special and convince the Congolese are two agreements between the Garden and government that a huge conservation site is deserving of representatives from Haiti and Indonesia. In long-term protection,” says Dr. James Miller, Senior Vice Haiti, this will involve renewed cooperation President of Science and Conservation. toward the development of a National Botanic During the inventory project, Gereau was joined by Garden. For Indonesia, the Indonesian Botanic the WCS’s Corneille Ewango, who received his master’s Gardens and the Garden will cooperate on new degree at the University of Missouri–St. Louis in 2006 research and conservation activities on the and is a research associate at the Garden. Indonesian native flora.

Garden Expands Its Collaboration with Key Partners in Africa The Garden has two new collaboration agreements with partners in Gabon and Mauritius. In Gabon, the Garden will work on in situ and ex situ conservation with the National Association for National Parks (ANPN), including leading the flora component of biodiversity studies in the 14 protected areas managed by ANPN. Tariq Stévart, coordinator of the Garden’s program in Central Africa, will lead a biodiversity study of the Bas Ogooué wetlands, one of the largest and best-preserved wetland areas in all of Africa. The Garden will also work with the Government of the Republic of Mauritius and Gabon the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation to conduct botanical research, conservation, and education. Mauritius has the world’s third most threatened flora, so one of the top priorities will be to prevent species extinction, particularly of the 89 taxa with fewer than 10 individuals still alive and the 19 taxa with fewer than 5. The Mauritius Garden’s work in Mauritius is supported by Marion and Van-Lear Black, the St. Louis Herb Society, the St. Louis Master Gardeners, and David Orthwein. Gereau Roy of courtesy photo

6 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 Fire and Conservation Dr. Matthew Albrecht, Conservation Biologist

Prescribed burning used at Shaw Nature Reserve | Firebreaks built in Madagascar to protect forest Dr. Matthew Albrecht works with some of the most endangered plant Fire’s Impact on Plants In Madagascar, fire is a constant species in the United States. Since he Prescribed burning is an threat to forests, particularly those joined the Garden in 2007, his research attempt to replicate the natural already degraded. It is, however, at its Center for Conservation and phenomenon of landscape-scale still considered a useful tool for Sustainable Development (CCSD) has fire. In Missouri, the history the local farmers, who depend been focused on rare plant population of fire has been reconstructed on it to prepare the farmlands dynamics and genetics, conservation seed from a variety of sources—from and control weeds and rats. science, population reintroduction, and diaries of native peoples and To address this fine balance, climate change vulnerability. early settlers to charcoal and Garden staff work closely with In 2010, Dr. Albrecht began a long- other remnants of past fires the communities who live in term study in partnership with the found in the fossil record. “Fire and around the Garden’s natural Tennessee Department of Environment is an effective and efficient way protected areas. “The use of fire is and Conservation and the U.S. Fish to manage the land,” says Mike not forbidden, but our agreement is and Wildlife Service to study the Saxton, Ecological Restoration that the farmers have to help build federally endangered Pyne’s ground plum Specialist at Shaw Nature their own firebreaks to make (Astragalus bibullatus). Known from only Reserve. “It is a risky thing, but sure the fire doesn’t go beyond their six sites in Tennessee, it is one of 21 plant you manage that risk with the farmland,” says Reza Ludovic, Project species endemic to limestone cedar glades. proper training and equipment.” Manager at the Garden’s Agnalazaha His latest work with this species is At the Nature Reserve, prescribed Forest. Ludovic and his team are focused on the ecology of fire in glades. burning is most commonly used also experimenting with pioneer “Glades are fire-dependent,” he says, “but in prairies, but it is also used plants—hardy species that first while fire has been successfully used to in other ecosystems such as colonize a damaged ecosystem— manage Missouri’s Ozark glades, it has woodlands and glades. to restore burnt land into forest. rarely been used in Tennessee glades.” Last year, he and Dr. Quinn Long, botanist and ecologist at CCSD, began a Recent Grants and Recognitions multi-year experiment at Shaw Nature $306,438 Ex situ conservation of threatened plants from the Reserve’s glades. Setting up plots with Ivoloina-Ifontsy valleys, Madagascar specially built enclosures to contain Darwin Initiative fire, they are using controlled burning at different times of the year to determine Curator Dr. Carmen Ulloa was inducted into the Academy of the best season to reintroduce fire Sciences of Ecuador in July. She is one of 50 current members of into Tennessee glades. The results will the Academy. inform the best approach to restore Curator Dr. Peter Stevens received the American Society of Plant that ecosystem and reintroduce this Taxonomists (ASPT) Asa Gray Award in early August. It is the endangered species back into the wild. photos by Brian Mueller, Tefy Andriamihajarivo, and Elizabeth Harris Andriamihajarivo, Tefy Brian Mueller, by photos ASPT’s highest honor given to a botanist for career achievements.

7 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 what can you do?

Come Grow with Us! The Missouri Botanical Garden, Sophia M. Sachs Butterfly House, and Shaw Nature Reserve are more than just beautiful destinations. They are living classrooms that connect people of all ages to the wonderful world of plants—from cooking, painting, and photography courses to green living, Visit the Garden Gate Shop’s outdoor exploring, and, of course, New Outdoor Space gardening classes. Next time you visit the Garden, Registration for the fall/winter be sure to check out the new Patio session is now open, and there is Shop, accessible both through the something for everyone. Now is Garden Gate Shop or through the the perfect time to learn a new east parking lot. skill, discover a new passion, The new shopping space, which or reconnect with the natural opened in early August, features world in a whole new way. outdoor plants, most of which match To learn more, look what you see out on grounds in for your course catalog the display beds. The Garden Gate in the mail or visit Shop is working closely with the www.mobot.org/classes. Horticulture team to coordinate their offerings each season. Visit today!

Take a Step Back In Time During Prairie Day Learn about the Power of Plants This fun-filled biennial event on If you’re a social worker, therapist, September 17 portrays prairie heritage psychiatrist, special education teacher, or through activities and demonstrations, child life specialist, you may be interested and showcases Shaw Nature Reserve’s in learning more about the Garden’s 250-acre recreated tallgrass prairie. Hike Therapeutic Horticulture program and with a naturalist through the prairie how plants and plant-based activities to learn about prairie life, check out are used to improve the body, mind, the teepee, play pioneer games, and spirit, through passive or active listen to a live band, and watch involvement. In addition to its specialized weavers, spinners, and other craft programs, this year the Garden also is demonstrations. $3 members; proud to host the American Horticultural $6 nonmembers; $2 children Therapy Association Annual Conference (ages 15 and under). More September 16–17. To learn more about information at www. the Garden’s program and about this shawnature.org/ year’s conference, please visit prairieday. www.mobot.org/horttherapy. photos by Nathan Wagner, Tom Incrocci, Sheridan Hentrich, Elizabeth Harris, and Jill Setlich Elizabeth Harris, and Sheridan Hentrich, Incrocci, Tom Wagner, Nathan by photos

8 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 Get Rewarded for Your Join Us for the Seasonal Closing Purchases of the Children’s Garden Starting September 1, stop by the Join us October 29–30 from Garden Gate Shop to pick up a 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. as we put the Doris valuable rewards card exclusively for I. Schnuck Children’s Garden to members. For every $25 you spend, bed. Enjoy two festive fun-filled days you get a punch. Get 10 punches, of hands-on activities celebrating and you can select a free item of the changing of the seasons. See your choice under $40 and be what’s ready to harvest in the edible entered into a drawing to win even garden, pot an edible plant to take more! For more information, home, enjoy live music, meet World contact the Membership Office at Bird Sanctuary experts, and meet (314) 577-5118 or membership@ our mascot Finn. Information at mobot.org. www.mobot.org/finn.

Get Rid of Bush Honeysuckle Bush honeysuckle (Lonicera Come Celebrate All Things maackii) is an invasive plant Creepy and Crawly species that degrades natural Inviting families of all ages! areas. Join the Honeysuckle Creep on over to the Butterfly Sweep for Healthy Habitat House every day in October event October 29 to November 6 and help from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. (closed with the removal efforts around St. Louis. Mondays). Meet new frightful Details at www.biodiversecitystl.org. friends in the Scorpion’s Lair, To learn more about invasives, watch out for our Botanicals Gone Mad in the Conservatory, and spy landscaping alternatives, and control on spectacular spiders with Little Miss Muffet. Don’t forget to look methods, visit www.mobot.org/invasives. out for pop-up sales throughout the month in the Butterfly House Gift Shop featuring costumes for your trick-or-treaters and fall décor. Visit www.butterflyhouse.org for a complete schedule of daily events. Calling All Glow Volunteers! Included with admission. If you’re volunteering for Garden Glow this year, we invite you to attend one of the training sessions this November. Get Ready for Garden Glow November 2 | 10 a.m.–noon and The fourth annual Garden Glow, 1–3 p.m. presented by Wells Fargo Advisors, November 4 | 10 a.m.–noon returns November 19 to January November 5 | 10 a.m.–noon 1, 2017. For admission times and November 9 | 6–8 p.m. prices, visit www.mobot.org/glow. Members see it first To sign up for a training session, visit November 18 (see page 18). www.mobot.org/volunteer or contact Scott Festival- and Contributor-level Bahan at [email protected] or Michele members, see page 15 for details on photos by Heather Marie Osborn Heather by photos Blanke at [email protected]. your complimentary tickets.

9 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 eco

‹ an ecosystem through time Ecosystems are in constant flux. However, in the last 200 years human pressures have drastically increased. As a result, more than half of all ecosystems have been dramatically transformed, damaged, impaired, or outright destroyed. Through time, a healthy ecosystem becomes damaged to a point where it can no longer sustain itself.

Ecological restoration can play an important role in repairing this damage. Through careful study of an ecosystem's history, the degradation that occurred, and possible solutions, ecological restoration scientists aim to healthy resume the natural processes that will lead the ecosystem ecosystem on a path back to health.

key

An ecosystem consists of the plants, animals, and microorganisms within a given area, the environment that sustains it, and the interactions among themselves.

A landscape consists of a mosaic of two or more ecosystems that exchange organisms, energy, water, and nutrients among themselves.

The socio-economic matrix is the human cultural context in which landscapes and ecosystems are embedded.

The ecosystem goods and services are the benefits to all living organisms—from carbon sequestration and erosion control to water purification and cultural value. sources: Dr. James Aronson, Missouri Botanical Garden; Dr. Leighton Reid, Missouri Botanical Garden; Society for Ecological Restoration International Science & Policy Working Group, 2004, The SER International Primer on Ecological Restoration, www.ser.org; World Forum on Natural Capital, www.naturalcapitalforum.com.

10 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 restoration

or thousands of years, humans have been transforming ecosystems, mainly using goods and services such as food, clean water,F and material for shelter. These practices, however, cannot be sustained any longer. Ecosystems that have provided our most basic needs have been damaged, transformed, or completely destroyed as a result of human activity. At the Missouri Botanical Garden, restoring threatened ecosystems is a top priority and one of many ways to protect Earth’s biodiversity. Few organizations around the world have the knowledge and experience in plant discovery, horticulture, genetics, conservation biology, ethnobotany, and ecological restoration needed to tackle this challenge. With 6.7 million specimens in the Herbarium; the world’s largest botanical database, TROPICOS; and expert staff in , the Garden is exceptionally positioned to lead the efforts to restore recovering ecosystems around the world. “Applying the Garden’s ecosystem unique knowledge and experience in the expanding field of ecological restoration gives us important and new opportunities to extend our impact on plant conservation,” says Garden President Dr. Peter Wyse Jackson. “Our future human well-being will increasingly depend on our ability not just to protect biodiversity but to restore many natural habitats on which we rely.”

Walk like the chameleon: with one eye looking forward and the other one damaged looking back. ecosystem Malagasy proverb

11 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 Reconnecting with the Past Natural Capital Ecological restoration aims to repair Investors know the importance of building damage and return an ecosystem to its capital, and the same can be said about nature. trajectory before its health started to degrade. While humans have been transforming Today’s constraints and conditions— ecosystems for thousands of years, it wasn’t climate change, agricultural needs, growing until the 1970s that the idea of “natural population—mean the result will not be capital” came to be. This economic metaphor an exact replica of the historically based for physical and biological natural resources “reference.” Instead, the goal is to help the highlights the need to show how we benefit damaged ecosystem to recover autonomy and from conserving biodiversity and restoring resilience so that it can be self-sustaining and ecosystems. “The time has come for a unified adaptable once again. effort to solve holistically the inextricable Ecological restoration is ecosystem- problems of people, the rest of Nature, and specific and site-specific. Garden botanists our mutually interdependent economic and ecologists have expert knowledge of systems,” says Dr. James Aronson, CCSD the native flora of many regions around scientist. “We need to move forward with a the world. This includes knowledge of the new paradigm: ecology as if people mattered; different species that live in an ecosystem economics as if nature mattered.” as well as the traditional knowledge of local communities who are familiar with the site It is time to before it was damaged or altered. Horticulturists play an important role in recognize that restoring ecosystems. The Garden’s living human capital and collections—plants and seeds—provide the necessary tools to understand and develop natural capital propagation techniques for wild plants. This information is crucial to identify the species are every bit as that can be used effectively in a restoration important as project. Threatened or rare plant species are also protected on Garden grounds or financial capital. field sites (“ex situ conservation”). The living collections also provide important Ban Ki-moon opportunities to share information about Secretary General, UN plant conservation with visitors. At the Garden’s Center for Conservation Returning an ecosystem to health is an and Sustainable Development (CCSD), important component of both biodiversity scientists conduct ecological research to conservation and sustainable development. restore and recover ecosystems around the As illustrated by this summer’s Global world—from the glades in Tennessee to the Partnership for Plant Conservation rainforests in Costa Rica. Using the Garden’s conference (see page 6), plants can play an resources and tools (see “toolbox”), CCSD’s important role in achieving the new United ecologists, botanists, and geneticists focus Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development on developing real-world solutions to restore Agenda to end poverty, fight inequality and degraded ecosystems. These can range from injustice, and tackle climate change by 2030. conducting invasive species control and “Biodiversity and sustainable development seed banking endangered species to doing are closely linked,” says Dr. Aronson. propagation trials and using genetic data “Ultimately, we must decide if we want to to understand the ecology and biology of live in a ‘planet in repair,’ or one that is in endangered species. decline.”

12 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 toolbox

Restoration ecology provides the concepts, models, methodologies, and tools for practitioners. Ecological restoration puts these tools in practice. At the Garden, scientists in a variety of fields are collaborating on ecological restoration projects locally, regionally, and globally. Here is a snapshot of some of the “tools” the Garden uses to restore ecosystems. To learn more, visit www.mobot.org/ecologicalrestoration.

Plant Discovery Seed Banking Basic knowledge about plants, such as their classification, Seed samples collected and stored in a seed bank can name, and native habitat, is key in the development ensure long-term genetic conservation for research, of ecological restoration projects. This information is useful when restoration, and recovery. Seed banks are long-term storage facilities choosing the plant species that will work best to achieve a restoration designed to keep seed viable for years and even decades. The Garden project’s goal, whether it’s attracting seed-dispersing animals or has been seed banking for more than 30 years, and the Missouri building up the canopy to promote understory growth. As a world Botanical Garden Seed Bank was created in 2013. Ideally, plants leader in discovering, describing, and classifying plants, the Garden is should be conserved in their natural habitats (or "in situ conservation"). home to botanists who are called upon for their expertise to identify However, maintaining wild plant populations may not be possible due conservation priorities and develop tools such as the International to threats such as habitat fragmentation or destruction, range shifts Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened due to climate change, or pollinator loss. Seed banking is therefore a Species™, which is used to identify endangered species and to useful conservation and restoration tool. develop the necessary conservation and recovery plans.

Fire Management Growing Plants Fire can be a useful tool to restore ecosystems, but it Without horticulturists, plants targeted for conservation can also pose a serious threat where there hasn’t been can’t be cultivated, propagated, or reintroduced to their a natural history of fire. Managing its use is very important. At Shaw natural habitat. At the Garden, horticulturists work with rare and Nature Reserve, prescribed burning is used in prairies, woodlands, endangered plants that have been collected in the wild to add to the and glades (see page 7). Prescribed fire, as opposed to wildfires, helps living collections. Not all plants will survive propagation trials, but kill invasive plants while increasing shoot production, flowering, horticulturists record as much as possible about their process—what and fruit-set in native perennials, and improving seeds’ germination works and what doesn’t—for future use. When plants are collected success. in the field, large amounts of data (GPS coordinates, environmental In Madagascar, where the Garden has been actively protecting and conditions, growth habit) are stored in the Garden’s unique Living restoring fragile ecosystems for decades, fire is an ever-present threat. Collections Management System. When producing propagation Considered a useful tool to prepare farmland and control weeds protocols, information such germination treatment, soil type, and and rats, fire can quickly cause serious damage when not managed growing environment are recorded. This data then informs future properly. To prevent this, Garden staff work closely with farmers propagation and restoration efforts. around the protected natural areas the Garden manages, building firebreaks around the forests and establishing a dina, or a set of rules and agreements with sanctions for breaking them. Genetics Using genetic data to understand the ecology and reproductive biology of endangered plants can help Invasive Species Control conservation and restoration efforts, including guiding reintroduction Invasive plant species spread aggressively and cause efforts to ensure high genetic diversity. The Garden’s conservation major environmental changes such as the elimination genetics program aims to understand the evolutionary and ecological of native plant populations, which is detrimental for insects and causes and consequences of rarity in endangered plant species. It pollinators that depend upon these native plants. Garden staff focuses on rare, reintroduced, and restored plant populations. It also have a wealth of knowledge to identify invasives, understand their looks at patterns of evolutionary history in closely related species negative impact on an ecosystem, effectively remove them, and complexes containing endangered species, to study the relationships replace them with native species. That knowledge is also shared with between geographic range size and levels of genetic diversity, and the community so everyone can play a role in keeping invasives in to understand the potential for adaptive evolution and how traits are check—from backyard gardens to tropical forests (see page 9). affected by environmental stress or variation in plant populations. photos by George Schatz, Dan Brown, Karen Fletcher, Megan Engelhardt, Monique Mullen, and Burgund Bassüner and Burgund Monique Mullen, Megan Engelhardt, Fletcher, Karen Schatz, Dan Brown, George by photos

13 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 celebrating TRADITION signature festivals commemorate milestone anniversaries

japanese festival

best of missouri market

Trendsetter The event has grown through time—adding a food Long before farmers’ markets became popular, the Best court, live music, and a kids’ corner. The number of visitors of Missouri Market existed at the Garden. The brainchild who make the Market part of their family’s traditions has of long-time Garden volunteers Nora Stern and Ellen also grown. For many, fall doesn’t begin until the Best Dubinsky, the Market is celebrating 25 years of offering of Missouri Market weekend. “We know children who Missouri’s finest artisan food and crafts to thousands of are now graduating from college who painted their first visitors each fall. pumpkin at the Market years ago,” says Dubinsky. “It really The Market began with just over 50 vendors from across has become a great family event.” the state occupying two tents in the area that’s now the Today, the two-day event and preview night attract William T. Kemper Center for Home Gardening. Both an average of 25,000 visitors of all ages. More than 120 Stern and Dubinsky previously served as president of the vendors, some of whom were here back in the 1990s, offer Garden’s Members’ Board. They were instrumental in a wide variety of products—from pickles and cheese to bringing in a variety of vendors, establishing relationships ceramics and jewelry. “Through the years, both the vendors with them, and building the event’s reputation to make it and the public are always overwhelmingly excited to be the signature event it is today. “We always knew that we a part of the Market,” says Chelsea Harris, Senior Events wanted to keep making the Market better each year,” says Coordinator. “We bring new vendors every year and try Stern. “It’s been truly something that we love and a big part to think of new ways to give our visitors a top shopping of our lives.” experience.”

14 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 Deep Roots join us! St. Louis has been home to a Japanese Festival for more festival Enjoy Japanese Festival than half a century. Early festivals were held in church this Labor Day weekend basements and parking lots. The first Japanese Festival at the and the Best of Missouri Market September 30– Garden was held in 1976, a year before the Japanese Garden, SEASON October 2! More info at or Seiwa-en, opened to the public. Thanks to the Japanese www.mobot.org/events. Activities Committee of the Japan America Society of St. Louis has arrived! and the almost 2,000 participants who make it possible, the Members at the new Festival level and above enjoy free Japanese Festival has become a St. Louis tradition. “This admission to all Garden festivals—including Japanese Festival anniversary provides an opportunity to reflect on the enormous and Best of Missouri Market—and up to six complimentary tickets to Garden Glow. To renew or upgrade to the Festival contributions of the Japanese and Japanese-Americans who level, call (314) 577-5118, stop by the Member Services Desk, or did so much to create Seiwa-en and the Japanese Festival and visit www.mobot.org/membership. to commit ourselves to continuing in their spirit,” says Dave Garden Glow Ticketing for Members Lowry, Chairman of the Committee. Individual through Family & Friends levels receive discounted The festival, originally sponsored by the Japanese American tickets. Purchase your advance tickets online* or on-site starting September 15 or by phone* at (314) 678-7442 starting October 17. Citizens League in cooperation with the St. Louis–Suwa Sister Festival and Contributor levels may reserve complimentary City Committee, was designed to create a greater awareness of tickets starting October 17 by phone or through our online Japanese and Japanese-American cultural heritages. Through request form at www.mobot.org/glow. Upgrade or renew at the years, the different programs have featured everything from these levels at the Garden and reserve your tickets at the same the traditional—kimono show and aikido demonstration—to time. Complimentary tickets are subject to availability, and advance tickets are highly recommended. Please request tickets the modern—anime show and cosplay fashion show. What at least 48 hours in advance.

started as a small celebration with local focus has evolved into *service fee applies the largest Japanese Festival in the United States. coming spring 2017

www.mobot.org/glass photos by Sheridan Hentrich, Heather Marie Osborn, Mary Lou Olson, Todd Gilbert, Josh Nezam, Lisa De Lorenzo Hager, and Kent Burgess and Kent Hager, Lisa De Lorenzo Nezam, Josh Gilbert, Todd Olson, Lou Marie Osborn, Mary Heather Sheridan Hentrich, by photos

15 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 create a LEGACY Heritage Society members secure the Garden’s future

enry Shaw created the Missouri HBotanical Garden on the grounds of Connecting with History his country estate in his adopted hometown You don’t need a whole of St. Louis, opening the doors in 1859. garden to make a difference! Are Shaw’s generosity did not stop there. you interested in making a gift He also left the first bequest to support in your will? You might be like the Garden in his will in 1889. Since then, Joy and Rick Moll. Joy and Rick hundreds of incredible philanthropists have volunteered in the Garden have joined his effort by creating their archive and really connect with own legacy gifts through their will or the Garden’s history. They also other arrangements. Their thoughtful gifts want to support the Garden’s support the area of the Garden’s mission Plant discovery is possible with future. support from donors like Joy and Rick. they value most. “We wanted to make one gift In 1986, the Garden’s Board of Trustees that supported education, local development, the environment, established the Heritage Society to and the work in all the countries where the Garden has recognize this outstanding group of friends. botanical projects,” Joy says. “The Garden is a world-class They provide vital support to help sustain institution, and a collaborative one. It’s an impressive legacy.” the Garden’s mission into the future. Making a gift in your will is a popular way to give. Your The Garden is proud to recognize these gift can be a percentage of your estate or a specific amount. thoughtful donors as part of our Heritage If you already have a will, a bequest to the Garden can be Society and share their stories. accommodated by adding a codicil. Joy and Rick are happy to connect with Henry Shaw’s legacy and pleased to find so many of their interests embodied in the This information is not intended as legal, tax, or investment advice. For such advice, the Garden recommends consulting your work of the Garden. attorney, tax professional, or investment professional.

16 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 Providing for the Future Perhaps you are interested in making a gift that provides steady payments during your retirement years. You might consider a charitable gift annuity, like Jean Leonhardt. Jean has volunteered with the Garden for more than 30 years. She loves speaking with guests of all ages and connecting them with the Garden. Jean supports the Garden’s endowment to provide connections for years to come. “I truly believe that to whom much is given, much is expected,” Jean says. “Whatever I give comes back to me somehow.” With a gift annuity, you make a gift of cash, stock, or other assets. In return, you receive a fixed sum each year for the rest of your lifetime. Rates are based Guests of all ages explore the Garden on your age. This is a great option if you have highly appreciated stocks. with support from donors like Jean.

A Passion for Nature If you would like to make a gift that offers payments back to you for a set period, you might be interested in a charitable remainder trust. This option works for Marilyn Chryst. She and her husband Tom were longtime volunteers and supporters of Shaw Nature Reserve. “I believe in the work at Shaw Nature Reserve,” Marilyn says. “I love the people there and the work they

People enjoy the Nature Reserve's natural areas thanks to the do. They are creating a place where people can come and support of donors like Tom and Marilyn. learn about the natural world—prairie, wetlands, glades, forest—it’s all there to see and understand. I think that is what Henry Shaw wanted.” Giving through a charitable remainder trust offers you an income-tax deduction now on the value of the gift while providing payments. The remainder of your gift can be directed to a specific area of interest, like the Nature Reserve.

The Next Generation Many people have an insurance policy or a retirement plan, such as an IRA or 401(k). The Garden can be listed as beneficiary on these policies. This type of gift appeals to Dr. Ann Johanson. As a pediatrician, she understands the role of the natural world in the healthy development of children. Ann’s planned gift allows her to ensure continued support for the hands-on exploration, learning, and play provided to children at the Garden. “Giving from my IRA makes great sense,” Ann says. “It maximizes my gift and protects my heirs. And it’s important to me to contribute to organizations that use money wisely. I have confidence in Children grow and engage with nature with support from donors like Ann. the Garden.” Distributions from some retirement plans will be subject to income tax. Like Ann, you can name the Garden as a Learn More! beneficiary. As a tax-exempt nonprofit, the Garden could For more information about the Heritage Society and planned receive the full gift without a tax burden; it doesn't pay gifts, contact (314) 577-9500 or [email protected]. photos by Karen Fletcher, Josh Nezam, and Heather Marie Osborn, and courtesy of Si He of Marie Osborn, and courtesy and Heather Nezam, Josh Fletcher, Karen by photos income tax on the distributions like an individual would. You can also visit www.mobot.org/plannedgiving.

17 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 just for members

Member Day: Best of Missouri Magical Miniature Ghouls in the Garden Protecting Your Trees Market Members- Gardens October 30 | 1–3 p.m. September 20 | 11 a.m.– Only Shopping Hour October 9 | 11 a.m.–1 p.m. Bring your costumed noon | Shoenberg Theater and Breakfast Butterfly House kids for themed trick- Commissioner of October 1 | 8–9 a.m. Join us at the Butterfly or-treating through Forestry Skip Kincaid Members enjoy House for miniature the Garden. Includes discusses the benefits of breakfast as they shop garden fun! Learn how admission to the trees and how to protect from 8 to 9 a.m. before to create your own Children’s Garden. the trees you love from the crowds. Join or special landscape and Reservation times: threats that reduce their renew your Garden see professionals display 1 p.m.; 1:30 p.m.; benefits and lifespan. membership at the their work. Light snack and 2 p.m. $5 member Reservations required; Market and get in free! provided. Reservations children ages 3–12. space is limited. required. Advance ticket purchase required. photos by Tom Incrocci, Phoebe Mussman, Dan Brown, and Kat Niehaus Phoebe Mussman, Dan Brown, Incrocci, Tom by photos

18 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 Information and iregistration at (314) 577-5118 or www.mobot.org/ memberevents unless otherwise noted.

Member Day: Garden Glow Member Day: Breakfast with Santa Holiday Decorating Member Preview Winter Jewels December 3 | 8–10:30 a.m. November 3 | 11 a.m.– November 18 | 5:30–9:30 p.m. November 28 | 10 a.m.– Ridgway Visitor Center noon | Shoenberg Theater This special members- noon | Butterfly House Visit with Santa as he Scott Hepper from only preview includes Enjoy the warmth of the makes his yearly stop Walter Knoll Florist both Garden Glow and Tropical Conservatory at the Garden for our offers tips and Gardenland Express. and the beauty of members-only breakfast demonstrations to Come see what’s new jewel-toned butterflies. buffet. Make crafts help you decorate your with both holiday venues. Go on a treasure and take photos with home for the holidays. Timed tickets available. hunt, discover fairies, Rudolph, Frosty, and Reservations required; $14 member adults; encounter a gnome, and Mrs. Claus. Advance space is limited. $6 member children. participate in special ticket purchase Advance ticket purchase activities. Reservations required. required. required. photos by Mary Lou Olson, Dan Brown, Sonya Lalla, Monique Mullen, and Sheridan Hentrich Lalla, Monique Mullen, Sonya Olson, Dan Brown, Lou Mary by photos

19 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 special events

Japanese Festival September 3–5 September 30–October 2 Celebrate the 40th anniversary of Join us for a weekend of fall fun! More this three-day cultural adventure than 120 food producers and crafters at the Garden. Join or renew offer baked goods, flowers, herbs, your membership at the festival A 2 th handcrafted items, baskets, wooden and get in free. Sponsorship by nni 5 toys, custom jewelry, and more. Enjoy vers The Boeing Company, Nidec ary live music and a kids’ corner with Motor Corporation, Novus crafts and fall activities. Join or renew International, Inc., and your membership at the Market TOYOTA Bodine. and get in free. www.mobot.org/bestofmomarket

Spirits in the Garden October 28 | 6–9 p.m. Celebrate All Hallows’ Eve with October2014 14 | 6–9 p.m. the spirit of Henry Shaw as you Join the Young Friends of the Garden enjoy botanical spirits from local distilleries, a costume contest, a Shaw Wildflower Market for the ninth annual Fest-of-Ale. Enjoy offerings from the region’s scavenger hunt, and ghost stories. September 9 | 4–7:30 p.m. | microbreweries, hors d’oeuvres, $25 members; $35 nonmembers; Shaw Nature Reserve and live music. $30 members; $15 designated drivers. Cash bar Shop for locally produced native $40 nonmembers. Prices increase available. Attendees plants, food, and crafts. Experts $5 September 15. Advance ticket must be at least 21 will also answer your native purchase required: (314) 577-5118 years of age. More at gardening questions. $5 adults; free or www.mobot.org/festofale. www.mobot.org/spirits. for members.

Membership Sale Holiday Wreath Display November 2–6 and Auction Receive 20% off memberships. November 21–January 3 | Join, renew, or give the gift of the Ridgway Visitor Center Garden! Visit the Membership This annual holiday exhibit features Services Desk at the Missouri unique creations donated by some Garden Glow Botanical Garden, Sophia M. Sachs of the area’s finest floral designers. November 19–January 1 Butterfly House, or Shaw Nature Wreaths are sold by silent-auction Presented by Wells Fargo Advisors. Reserve; call (314) 577-5118 or bidding, with Experience a million lights amid the visit www.mobot.org/membership proceeds benefiting Garden’s most iconic locations. More during the sale dates to the Garden’s at www.mobot.org/glow. Member receive the discount. Horticulture tickets available online* and on- program. Included site September 15. General public

with admission. tickets available September 30. and Dan Brown Jill Setlich, Sheridan Hentrich, Ning He, by photos *service fee applies

20 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 shop & dine

From gardening tools and unique First Fridays Taste all the new fall-flavored candy, toys to vintage items and local First Friday of the month | snacks, and gift packs. No reservations products, the Garden shops have just required. Get a Rewards Card punch what you’re looking for. Discover something new—from book for attending (see page 9). Look for these icons to know where signings to food samplings to trunk each event or sale is taking place. shows. More at www.mobot.org/shop. Member Double Days October 9–10 | Garden Gate Shop Café Flora Through October 30 | 10 a.m.–2 p.m. | 4344 Shaw Blvd. All Garden members receive 20% off St. Louis, MO 63110 NEW! Open Saturdays purchases in the shops. Monday–Sunday Enjoy a delicious brunch at the iconic Member Shopping Night: 9 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Spink Pavilion with a view like no (314) 577-5137 other. Info at www.mobot.org/brunch. Holiday Food/Candy November 9 | 5–7 p.m. | Butterfly House Pick Your Own Discount Drop in for a shopping experience and Gift Shop Weekends in September | enjoy a 20% discount during these 15193 Olive Blvd. Draw a discount out of our basket and extended hours for members only. Chesterfield, MO 63017 apply it to your purchase. Discounts Taste all the new holiday-flavored candy, Tuesday–Sunday range from 5% to 25%; one 40% snacks, and gift packs. No reservations 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. discount available each Saturday and required. Get a Rewards Card punch (636) 530-0076 ext. 15 Sunday. No additional discounts for attending (see page 9). Little Shop apply; members receive the greater of the discounts. See shop for details. Books & Butterflies Sale Around the Corner November 1–20 | 4474 Castleman Ave. Staff and Volunteer Sales Get 10% off all books during our St. Louis, MO 63110 September 7–9; November 17–19 | Books & Butterflies event. Also check Tuesday–Saturday www.butterflyhouse.org for our book 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. As a thank you for making the Garden signing schedule with local authors. (314) 577-0891 a world-class institution, all Garden staff and volunteers receive an extra 10% off their purchases. ›› staff pick Plan Your Holiday DON’T Bug Hunt Sale Events at the Garden MISS! September 11 | It’s never too early to Receive 20% off all insect-hunting start making plans for the equipment and supplies, such as nets, holidays! Plan your corporate containers, and more! holiday party this year at Fall Bulb Sale the Garden! Your guests can September 19–November 13 | enjoy Garden Glow, make s’mores on the patio at the Now is the time to stock up and plant Kailey’s Gourmet Nuts next spring’s beautiful bulbs! William T. Kemper Center for These fall- and holiday-flavored pecans Home Gardening, and enjoy Member Shopping Night: are perfect for all your gatherings this member pricing during their Fall Food/Candy season. Check out these flavors: Apple event. For more information September 23 | 5–7 p.m. | Pie, Gingerbread Glazed, Cinnamon and to book your event, call Drop in for a shopping experience and Glazed, and Pumpkin Spice. $8.99 Katie at (314) 961-7588, each for a 5.6 oz. bag. Get yours at the ext. 290. enjoy a 20% discount during these extended hours for members only. Garden Gate Shop.

21 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 commemorative gifts

April–June 2016. Don Holt and Eileen Stanley Dr. Susan M. Fitzpatrick and Mr. and Mrs. Jerry E. Ritter Dr. Julia Warren and Mrs. Marjorie Domeier A commemorative gift is Art and Wanda Kruse Mr. Thomas P. Wyman Mr. and Mrs. John R. Roberts Robert Berry The St. Louis Master Gardeners a wonderful way to honor Barb Johnson Mr. and Mrs. Lucien R. Fouke, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Zsolt Rumy Mrs. Megan E. LaBarge Mrs. Marion D. Dorffi family and friends. Gifts Ranney and Sallie Dohogne Ambassador and Mrs. Sam Fox Mr. and Mrs. William C. Rusnack Dr. Drew Schwartz Rosemary Murphy of $50 or more are listed Dr. and Mrs. Robert T. Fraley Mr. and Mrs. Thomas F. Schlafly Lulu Sun in the Bulletin. For more Mark Kalk Franklin Templeton Investor Ms. Dian C. Schock David and Nina Thierer Trevor James Dreyfus information about giving Ann Case Services, LLC Mr. and Mrs. Robert N. Schulte Dr. Wei Zou Mrs. Katie Banahan opportunities at the Missouri Lorraine Kinman Mrs. Helen Gabriel Mr. and Mrs. Courtney Mr. Eric Brunt Dr. Peter S. Wyse Jackson Mr. Edwin R. Jones Botanical Garden, please Ms. Roberta L. Sterling Dr. and Mrs. Fred W. Gaskin Shands, Jr. Ms. Phoebe Dent Weil Mr. and Mrs. William A. Gilbert Ms. Jan Simons and Ms. Genie Newport call (314) 577-5118 or make a Missy Lucas Dr. Martin E. Gordon Mr. Charles W. Raiser Linda York-Moser and Mr. Hillary Newport commemorative gift at Mr. Gary W. Lucas www.mobot.org/tributes. Drs. Alan and Shirley Graham Mr. and Mrs. Thad W. Simons, Jr. Don Moser Mr. Michael Newport Paul Markovits Ms. Christy Gray Mr. and Mrs. Alvin L. Siwak Lynne Telfair Mr. Eric Palmer In Honor of Ms. Lauren Walkenhorst Mr. and Mrs. Ronald K. Mr. and Mrs. Peter G. Sortino Mrs. Christy Pottle Greenberg Ms. Sandra H. Stemmler In Memory of Mrs. Rachel Rosen Ms. MaryLee Ansell Ms. Helen McCallie Mr. J. P. Gustafson and Dr. and Mrs. Michael K. Stern Lindy Rossow Becky, Janice, Lynn, and Lawrence and Nancy Gelb Elizabeth Dean Ashley Ms. Chris McKinstry Mrs. Nora Stern Mr. and Mrs. Jay Mitchell Mrs. Eva Mae Eichelberger Jean Daniel Gentry Steve Mitchell Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Hermann Dr. Warren Stevens and The St. Louis Master Gardeners Paul and Judy Putzel Mary E. Baer Timothy and Beth Bates Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Ms. Olga Martha Montiel Stephanie Prade Mr. Macquorn R. Forrester, Sr. Mr. Gary W. Lucas Mrs. Elizabeth A. Nellums Hermann, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey A. Stuerman Mr. Clark M. Driemeyer Kim Benson Robert O. Nellums and Mr. and Mrs. Edward D. Higgins Dr. Donald Suggs Jesse Lee Barge Mary Florence Boone Sarah B. Kotchian Mr. and Mrs. Stephen B. Higgins Mr. and Mrs. Alan C. Sunshine Mrs. Dolores M. Wente Mr. Gregory A. Fox Dr. and Mrs. Peter C. Hoch Mr. and Mrs. Andrew C. Taylor Mrs. Nora Stern Betsy Biggs Mr. Roy Pfautch Mrs. Patricia Bush Mr. Daniel G. Jay and Mr. and Mrs. Jack E. Thomas Mrs. Mary-Randolph Ballinger Mr. Lewis Bettman III Richard and Suzy Grote Mr. Norman Frager Ms. Mary Ann Lazarus Dr. Holden Thorp and Carolyn and Ernest Clarke Mr. and Mrs. A. John C. Dorothy Cassett Beverly Waitz and Dave Jacobs Robert and Carol G. Jones Ms. Patti W. Thorp Brauer III Mrs. Nora Stern Mrs. Christine M. Fultz Mr. and Mrs. Ryan Blum Mrs. Rosalyn Kling Dr. Blanche Touhill and Harry and Jan Amann Mr. Gary W. Lucas Dr. Peter H. Raven Mr. and Mrs. Hal A. Kroeger Mr. Joseph Touhill Mrs. Carmen Davis Mr. and Mrs. Clarence C. Fred and June Kummer Mrs. Jane S. Tschudy Cervantes Martha Fusz Sherrill Boardman Barksdale Barbara and Paul Johnson Mr. and Mrs. Warren B. Mrs. Trudy Valentine Mrs. Bonnie Morse Jay, Heather, Clive and Dr. Kamaljit Bawa Lammert, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Phil Valko Mr. and Mrs. John K. Wallace, Jr. Orson Steinback Kimmy Brauer Mr. and Mrs. James G. Berges Mrs. Patricia Lane Mr. and Mrs. George H. Mrs. Mary-Randolph Ballinger Christobelle Clark Dr. Robert J. Gillespie Mr. and Mrs. Van-Lear Black III Ms. Erica B. Leisenring and Walker III Carolyn and Ernie Clarke Sarah Carnes Orchid Society of Greater St. Louis Mrs. Leona Bohm Mr. Robert M. Sears Mr. and Mrs. Mahlon B. Ann Case Honorable Christopher Bond Mrs. Jean G. Leonhardt Wallace III Mrs. Shirley Cohen Mr. Daniel Herbert Goetz Nancy Noland Kurten Mr. and Mrs. Stephen F. Brauer Dr. Wesley Leverich and Dr. Virginia V. Weldon and Kenneth and Susan Cohen Stuart and Marilyn Knoepfel Nancy Ream Mr. and Mrs. Daniel A. Dr. Barbara Schaal Mr. Francis M. Austin Mr. Corrice Collins Mrs. Virginia H. Gough Burkhardt Mrs. Ann Liberman Mr. and Mrs. Joseph G. Werner Lesley L. Joplin Mrs. Nancy S. Cripps Skippy Dennis Mr. William H.T. Bush Linda K. Bentley Dr. and Mrs. Antonio I. Longrais Mr. and Mrs. O. Sage Mrs. Margaret “Miggie” Mr. and Mrs. Phillip C. Desloge Mr. and Mrs. Clarkson Carolyn and Joseph Losos Wightman III Andrew and Alberta Grun Valerie Dennis Carpenter III Collins Mr. and Mrs. L. C. Matthews, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Frank P. Wolff, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Gary K. Morrow Cathleen and Robert Haar Brian Ebel and Wendy Eberhart Mrs. Ann L. Case Mr. and Mrs. Guy McClellan Dr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Woolsey Laura and Tom Marshall Mrs. Nan S. Jones Dr. Bruce E. Chalker and Mr. and Mrs. James S. Mr. and Mrs. Richard R. Woods Jane Jennings Corbett Karin Roberts Dr. Polly A. Penhale Ms. Deanne Flatley McDonnell III Richard and Jo Ann Schreiber Scottrade, Inc. Christner Inc. Anna Roach Parkview Horticultural Society Mr. and Mrs. John F. McDonnell Sara and Fred Epstein Family Mr. Robert C. Corley, Jr. David and Alberta Wandling Mr. and Mrs. Andrew B. Ted and Mary Warner Norma Fraser Mr. and Mrs. John C. McPheeters Foundation Richard and Jo Ann Schreiber Craig III Walter and Cynthia Metcalfe Ann Case Ms. Delores “Dee” Cropper Mrs. Sally Haines Ms. Cynthia Curley Mr. and Mrs. J. Benjamin Miller Glenda Seldin Judith A. Carlson Connie and Gene Kahn Marianne Galt Ms. Arabella Dane Missouri Department of Mrs. Suzy Seldin Dr. William Danforth Arlene Cordes and Mrs. Mary-Randolph Ballinvger Conservation Dr. and Mrs. Nathan M. Mr. Richard B. Hammond Mr. and Mrs. William E. Teresa Ramsey The Mingo Family Carolyn and Ernie Clarke Dr. and Mrs. Robert H. Simon Denning Mary Morrow and Family Grueninger and Gluck Mohlenbrock Mr. and Mrs. Alan L. Travis Mr. Timothy Cunningham Ms. Phoebe Dent Weil Kathleen Riethmann Wedding Guests Mrs. Mary Morgan Mrs. Ann Robison Richard and Dana Dirickson Dr. and Mrs. Kenneth R. Krista Grueninger and Mr. and Mrs. David Morley Mrs. Irma Decker Mrs. Patty Heim Mr. Thomas E. Douglass and Smith, Jr. William Gluck Mrs. Bonnie Morse Sue Morgan and Glenna Dixon Ann Case Mrs. Elizabeth J. Douglass Mrs. Donald Zimpfer Mrs. Susan Nagarkatti Mr. and Mrs. Anthony J. Chivetta Lynn Hamilton Mr. and Mrs. L. B. Eckelkamp, Jr. Mr. John August Diefenbach Dr. and Mrs. Philip Needleman Spring Bill and Jane Doub Ellen and Henry Dubinsky Mr. and Mrs. Gregory G. Evans Meramec Valley Early Mr. and Mrs. Gyo M. Obata Mr. Phillip Flach Mrs. Julie Logan Nora Stern Kathy Evans Childhood Center Dr. F. Thomas Ott Bill, Gary and Larry The Mower Family Mr. and Mrs. David N. Farr Sally Harrison Mr. and Mrs. Raymond W. Steffensen Ms. Satsuko “Sue” Doi Steve and Lori Taylor Melanie M. and Anthony E. Mrs. Suzy Seldin Peters II Larry Steffensen Ms. Kimberly Doi Wild Birds Unlimited Fathman, M.D. Mr. Roy Pfautch Kate Hartz Tom and Linda Waltz Ms. Toshiye “Toshi” Doi Dr. Patrick H. Henry Dale and Sharon Fiehler Dr. Mabel L. Purkerson Laura Crites Frank Hamsher and Ms. Kimberly Doi Dr. Linda Gibson Mrs. Suzanne C. Fischer Dr. and Mrs. Ralph S. Quatrano Peggy Guest Mr. and Mrs. Charles P. Reay

22 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 Mrs. Irene R. Hercules Joe and Lynn Chepely Mrs. Gloria M. Ruck Mrs. Astrid Tucker Mr. and Mrs. James H. Carolyn Krueger Schainker Jim and Sandy Kettelkamp Annabelle Cook Kellogg Mrs. Erin Bartmess Antoinette Clogston Erlinger II Chris and Cathy Marshall Mr. John E. Hoffman Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Mark and Jana Fitchett Mrs. Janet L. Tussey Penny and Phil Karst Mr. Christopher Marshall Kopman Annette V. Hartzell Ms. Jacqueline D. Pollvogt Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Weil Androuais and Molina Max and His Brother Mr. and Mrs. Ned O. Mr. and Mrs. Tom Miofsky Families Gen and Jim Shearburn Mr. Earl R. Hoffmann, Sr. Lemkemeier Ted and Shirley Plevyak Mary and William Stewart Ms. Lynda Lieberman Ellen and Henry Dubinsky Carolyn McMahon Dr. and Mrs. Percival P. Raquel Schoemaker Mrs. Elizabeth “Betsy” Loy Mrs. Rose Mary Laux and Mr. Robert L. Wrights Debra S. Huffman Emily Rubenstein Muslin Tiongson Janice and Lesley L. Joplin McMahon Keira Anderson Dr. Robert Paine Family Kitty McMahon Mr. Paul Rudoff Mrs. Audrey Matlock Wuest Betty Lentz Rodney Powers Linda, Robert, Erica and Mrs. Susan J. Vighi Evers Bartholomew Angela Salcone Lorenzi Christina M. Rier Frank Ahearn St. Johns Bank and Trust Mr. John S. Loy Jacquelyn Ballard Company Joanne and Chris May Mr. Vincent Paul Murphy Peter and Robin Hersha Mr. and Mrs. Michael D. Alter Peggy McMahon Mallett Monika Tokanczyk The St. Louis Master Gardeners Scott Idleman Mr. and Mrs. Richard T. Barber Mr. Larry McMahon Sue and Rick Wilhelm Martin and Carolyn Bloom MEMBERS’ Joan S. Murphy Ms. Kimberly K. Najbar Larry and Pat McIntosh Mrs. Pauline Jaworski Nationwide Fin. Svcs. Corp. Janice A. Bollmann ENTRY Mr. Walter A. Palmer Dennis and Frances Cooney Marlene and Jim Clark Mrs. Dorothy Hitt Mr. Dennis Gvillo Nationwide Minnesota Trial Cheryl A. Ritter Matye Division Office Dr. and Mrs. Henry W. COURT Mrs. Ann M. Jones Holly Huelskamp Mary and Randolph Perry Nationwide Trial Division Clever, Jr. April–June 2016. Ms. Rebecca Jones Teresa Kreienkamp Kevin and Donna Decker For more information, call Patricia M. Perry Mrs. Crystal Peterson Midwest Commercial Marguerite Amelia Keller Patricia and Fred Foster (314) 577-5118 or visit Virginia Schiwinger Tom and Rita Rengel Trial Practice Group Linda and Kim Sutton Tracey Plymell Irene and Jim Hill www.mobot.org/donate. The Schiwinger Family Lynn and Leann Withem Dr. and Mrs. Harold Korb Kathleen Kelly Ms. Laura E. Schafsnitz Susan and Bill Stafford Mrs. Evelyn Newman Don Kukla Dave and Chris Eatwell Marianne Settano Engraved Mr. and Mrs. Robert Morris The Caroline Loughlin Fund Tina Setser Janet and David Lange Mrs. Josephine C. Korn Clay Bricks Mr. Ned S. Stanley, Jr. Mrs. Kathleen Barry Ms. Lucille Sukalo Lashly & Baer, P.C. Kim Skrainka Rachael Erin Bick Nora Stern O’Connor Mr. John Thompson Christine and Denny Lutz Karen Yoder Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Shirley Jean Lanham Mrs. Marianne K. Bartin John, Ann, David and Robert and Elisabeth Merenda Williams, Jr. Ms. Alice Bowen Mrs. Janet Binder Jack Thompson Mid Rivers Surgery Center Crystal and Her Mommy Williams Patent Crusher & Larry and Jennifer Crisp Mr. and Mrs. Paul J. Guntli Rhonda O’Brien and Ms. Lynda Lieberman Mrs. Eleanor Houska Steve Rosen Pulverizer Company Inc. Mary Ellen Meyer The Graef Family Sharon Carpenter and Sanford Kathy Osborn Ms. Betty Jane Okenfuss Henry and Susan Graef Jeri Muller Renee Stanton Elliott and Mary Chubb Carolyn A. Ring TDK Technologies Thomas and Jean Gosebrink Sharon Carpenter Dr. Heather McKay Judy Rawdon Richard and Helen Skoff Mrs. Gloria Lapides Paul Kettenbach Family Randy and Nancy Ms. Samantha K. Schaefer Staff of Thurman Law Firm Barry and Diana Eikmann Mrs. Georgia Stobbs Cucchi Colleen Murphy Thompson Ms. Michelle L. McClure The Surgical Staff of Diana Eikmann Karen Leonard Mr. and Mrs. Edward Ms. Nancy L. Thompson O’Connor Anthony and Jill Schaefer St. Joseph Hospital, Mr. Macquorn R. Rondi Raymond Mr. Aleksandar Timarac Mrs. Betty Seitz Reverend Paul Sellers Lake St. Louis Forrester, Sr. Mr. Kirk Stein Loving Family and Friends Raymond Simpson Betty McCollum Mrs. Kimberly R. Swanson Chris Dalton, Cathy Orzel Mr. Mark F. Litteken Mrs. Barbara J. Tourtellot and their Families of Aleksandar Timarac Edwin B. Zimmer Louise E. Shankland Ms. Elizabeth Ann Nieters Mrs. Patricia Weaver Mr. Stanley S. Zielinski Clifford Wayne Owens Maxine Stone Daisy Frankel Mrs. Mildred Fay Loveland Brian and Laura White Ms. Michelle L. Zielinski Alexis and Alan Roe Mr. and Mrs. Walter Weekley John and Frances Justice Mrs. Peggy Shipton Mr. and Mrs. Thomas G. Mr. Frank Goudsmit Morella Hartz Mrs. Anita Rayfield June and William Belski Wylie, Jr. Daisy and Phil Frankel Thelma, Paula and Kevin Ann and Luke Lukomski Mr. and Mrs. Walter Mrs. Mary Anne Lucas Mr. Nick Wakus Arnold Rich and Anna Schmidt Weekley Kelley Lucas Burke Mrs. Dolores M. Wente BUT TERFLY Alice Greenwood Zinberg Clinic Cambridge Mr. and Mrs. Otto A. Etzel Keith Fulling and Debbie Joan Griffard Health Alliance Ms. Toni S. Walker HOUSE Mr. Gary W. Lucas Gersell Carl and Jan Hermann Mr. Bart Lissner April–June 2016. Missy Lucas Buddy Smiley Dr. Elisabeth Fulling John Stuhr Dr. Sarah C. Lucido Call (314) 577-5118 or visit Lauren Repole Colleen Blansit Alan and Tamara Tustin Mrs. Virginia H. Gough www.butterflyhouse.org/ Kathleen M. Repole Mrs. Gail O. Riesenmy Mrs. Audrey Frank Smith Mrs. Ann K. Wiethuchter donate to learn more. Mrs. Annette Bartle Mr. Paul A. Watkins, Jr. Ms. Dorothy M. Martels Mrs. Ann J. Key Susan and Michael Cochran Mrs. Vicki L. 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23 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Fall 2016 PERIODICALS M i s s o u r i B o t a n i c a l G a r d e n POSTAGE PAID AT P.O. Box 299 • St. Louis, MO 63166–0299 ST. LOUIS, MO The Missouri Botanical Garden strives to make Electronic Service Requested the most sustainable choices possible to benefit people, plants, and the planet. That’s why we offer an interactive online version of the Bulletin as well as a downloadable PDF. Sign up by sending an email to [email protected]. Let us know if you’d like to forego your paper subscription to save trees. You can also send an email if:  – Your name is misspelled – Your address is incorrect – You receive more than one copy – You no longer wish to receive the Bulletin

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