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The Tatra Mountains – the Landscape of High Mountains

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The Tatra Mountains – the Landscape of High Mountains The Tatra Mountains – the landscape of high mountains The Tatra Mountains – the landscape of high mountains Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) The Tatra Mountains – the landscape of high mountains The Tatra Mountains. Source: licencja: CC 0. Link to the lesson Before you start you should know the characteristic features of mountains of medium height; the characteristics of the mountain weather You will learn to show the location of the Tatra Mountains and their highest peaks on the map; to describe the main features of the landscape of high mountains; to discuss climatic phenomena occurring in high mountains. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu The locaon and environment of the Tatra Mountains In southern Poland, there is the only fragment of high mountains in our territory – the Tatra Mountains. They are the highest mountain range in the Carpathian Mountains. A larger part of these mountains with the highest peak (Gerlach, 2655 metres above mean sea level) is situated in the neighbouring Slovakia. One of the summits of the Rysy mountain is the highest point in Poland with an altitude of 2499 metres above mean sea level. A hypsometric map of the Tatra Mountains Source: Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne Wiking, licencja: CC BY 3.0. The landscape of the Tatras differs from the landscape of medium‐height mountains that we are already familiar with. In high mountains, there are deep valleys, some of them have a characteristic U‐shape. The Tatra slopes are steep. In the lower part, they are often covered by broken rock fragments which in these mountains are called scree. Scree consists of rock fragments which ascend downwards in couloirs - steep gullies in the mountainside. Between some peaks, there are rocky ridges called arêtes. Similar forms can be encountered in the Alps, and this is why both the Tatras and other high mountains with similar terrain characteristics are called alpine mountains. The highest parts of the Tatra Mountains, called the High Tatras are mainly made of granite‐like rocks. The lower parts are dominated by metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. In the Western Tatras, where limestones and dolomites occur, various karstic phenomena are clearly visible, including the largest caves in Poland. Warning! To enjoy hiking trips in the Tatras, you need to be fit and you must be able to move carefully. Hikers are not allowed to stray from designated routes there, as it can be extremely dangerous. The Tatra Mountains have the lowest mean annual air temperature in Poland, the highest rainfall and strong winds. A special type of wind is halny - foehn wind. Due to the phenomena that take place in these masses of air, when it snows or rains on the Slovakian side of the Tatras, a turbulent, warm and dry wind blows on the Polish side. A diagram showing how the halny wind (a Foehn-like wind) is created Source: Andrzej Bogusz, licencja: CC BY 3.0. Warning! The foehn wind (halny) can be dangerous: it quickly destroys the snow cover and sometimes even blows away roofs from houses. When halny blows many people find it difficult to fall asleep or have problems with their blood pressure. Human acvity in the Tatra Mountains In the Tatra Mountains, there are many plants and animals that are not found anywhere else in Poland. In order to limit human activity and its impact on nature, the whole area of the Tatras is protected as the Tatra National Park. Today, human activity in the Tatras takes into account environmental protection and tourism related objectives. There are no industrial plants here, tree felling was stopped and former logging sites have been reforested as much as possible. The number of sheep grazing in the valleys and in the mountain pastures is limited. Mountain animals are protected. Cable cars, ski‐lifts, ski slopes and ski jumping hills have been left in their original locations and have not been expanded to new areas. Cable railway Source: Jacek Synowiec, hp://commons.wikimedia.org, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0. The Tatra Mountains Source: Krzysztof Górecki, NordNordWest, ToSter, Tomorrow Sp. z o. o., tomasz przechlewski, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0. Exercise 1 Source: DzidekLasek, licencja: CC 0. Exercise 2 Match the pairs: English words with Polish definion. (wiatr halny) --- polska nazwa gwałtownego, porywistego, ciepłego i suchego wiatru wiejącego w kierunku dolin u podnóży gór; w Polsce szczególnie silny u podnóża Tatr, długa, wąska, wklęsła forma na stromym stoku ukształtowana przez płynącą wodę i zsuwające się lawiny kamienne, zwykle ostry i skalisty grzbiet z wyraźną krawędzią, na której zbiegają się strome stoki, góry o wysokościach bezwzględnych przekraczających 1500 m n.p.m., zwykle o stromych stokach i ostro zakończonych szczytach, w górnych parach pozbawione roślinności, używana w Tatrach nazwa skalnego rumowiska na stoku stromej góry i u jej podnóża arête high mountains halny scree couloir Summary The Tatras are the only high mountains in Poland; their larger part is located in Slovakia. In the Tatras, you can see typical forms of a high‐mountain landscape, such as scree, gullies and arêtes. The Tatra National Park has been established to ensure protection for nature that can be found nowhere else. Keywords the Tatras, high mountains, Zakopane Glossary arête Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka grań – zwykle ostry i skalisty grzbiet z wyraźną krawędzią, na której zbiegają się strome stoki high mountains Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka góry wysokie – góry o wysokościach bezwzględnych przekraczających 1500 m n.p.m., zwykle o stromych stokach i ostro zakończonych szczytach, w górnych partiach pozbawione roślinności halny Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka halny – (wiatr halny) – polska nazwa gwałtownego, porywistego, ciepłego i suchego wiatru wiejącego w kierunku dolin u podnóży gór; w Polsce szczególnie silny u podnóża Tatr scree Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka piarg – używana w Tatrach nazwa skalnego rumowiska na stoku stromej góry i u jej podnóża couloir Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka żleb – długa, wąska, wklęsła forma na stromym stoku ukształtowana przez płynącą wodę i zsuwające się lawiny kamienne Lesson plan (Polish) Temat: Tatry – krajobraz gór wysokich Materiał uzupełniający do wykorzystania na lekcjach w grupie przedmiotów przyrodniczych (przyroda, biologia, chemia, geografia, fizyka), zajęciach dodatkowych, kołach zainteresowań. Może służyć jako zasób poszerzający wiedzę, przygotowujący uczniów do konkursów przyrodniczych. Adresat Uczniowie klasy V szkoły podstawowej (geografia). Podstawa programowa Klasa V (geografia) II. Krajobrazy Polski: wysokogórski (Tatry), wyżynny (Wyżyna Krakowsko‐Częstochowska), nizinny (Nizina Mazowiecka), pojezierny (Pojezierze Mazurskie), nadmorski (Pobrzeże Słowińskie), wielkomiejski (Warszawa), miejsko‐przemysłowy (Wyżyna Śląska), rolniczy (Wyżyna Lubelska). Uczeń: 1) wskazuje na mapie położenie krain geograficznych Polski; 2) przedstawia główne cechy krajobrazów Polski oraz wykazuje ich zróżnicowanie; 3) rozpoznaje krajobrazy Polski w opisach oraz na filmach i ilustracjach; Ogólny cel kształcenia Uczniowie charakteryzują krajobraz gór wysokich. Kompetencje kluczowe porozumiewanie się w językach obcych; kompetencje informatyczne; umiejętność uczenia się. Kryteria sukcesu Uczeń nauczy się: wskazywać na mapie Tatry i ich najwyższe szczyty; opisywać główne cechy krajobrazu gór wysokich; omawiać zjawiska klimatyczne spotykane w górach wysokich. Metody/techniki kształcenia podające pogadanka. aktywizujące dyskusja. eksponujące pokaz. programowane z użyciem komputera; z użyciem e‐podręcznika. praktyczne ćwiczeń przedmiotowych. Formy pracy praca indywidualna; praca w parach; praca w grupach; praca całego zespołu klasowego. Środki dydaktyczne e‐podręcznik; zeszyt i kredki lub pisaki; tablica interaktywna, tablety/komputery; kontur mapy Polski z poprzedniej lekcji, mazaki, klej, taśma, nożyczki, kartki. Przebieg lekcji Przed lekcją Przed lekcją nauczyciel prosi uczniów, aby poszukali w kolorowych czasopismach, Internecie oraz własnych zbiorach zdjęć dotyczących gór wysokich. Jedno z nich musi dotyczyć miasta leżącego u podnóża gór wysokich. Faza wstępna Prowadzący lekcję określa cel zajęć i wspólnie z uczniami ustala kryteria sukcesu. Faza realizacyjna Nauczyciel wyświetla uczniom ranking zawodników (symbole grup i nauczyciela) po kolejnych konkurencjach dotyczących wiadomości o krainach geograficznych. Każda grupa otrzymuje prace innych zespołów z poprzedniej lekcji. Grupy rozpoznają i zapisują co przedstawiają zdjęcia/ilustracje wskazanej krainy geograficznej. Kartkę oznaczoną wybranym wcześniej symbolem oddają nauczycielowi, który porówna je z odpowiedziami autorów. Uczniowie opisują położenie Tatr. Nauczyciel prosi uczniów, aby samodzielnie przeczytali abstrakt, zwracając szczególną uwagę na grafiki. Zespoły otrzymują swoje projekty. Uczniowie zaznaczają tereny gór wysokich i wykonują kolaż zdjęć. Nauczyciel prezentuje i omawia ilustrację interaktywną. Następnie dzieli uczniów na grupy i każdej z nich poleca przeprowadzenie pogłębionej analizy jednego z punktów przedstawionych na schemacie w oparciu o dostępne źródła informacji (np. internet, atlas lub encyklopedię). Uczniowie prezentują wyniki pracy w grupach. Każdy zespół kończy swoją prezentację sformułowaniem wniosków. Nauczyciel prosi, aby uczniowie samodzielnie wykonali wskazane ćwiczenie interaktywne. Faza podsumowująca
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