and Colitis

Compiled by: Trisha Lamb

Last Revised: April 27, 2006

© 2004 by International Association of Yoga Therapists (IAYT)

International Association of Yoga Therapists P.O. Box 2513 • Prescott • AZ 86302 • Phone: 928-541-0004 E-mail: [email protected] • URL: www.iayt.org

The contents of this bibliography do not provide medical advice and should not be so interpreted. Before beginning any exercise program, see your physician for clearance.

Esutra mailing list. See 10 Dec 1999 thread on ulcerative colitis and 14 Dec 1999 thread on ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. To join Esutra, write to the list moderator, Leslie Kaminoff, [email protected].

Garde, R. K. Colitis. In R. K. Garde, Principles and Practice of Yoga-Therapy. Bombay, India: D. B. Taraporevala Sons & Co., 1972, 1984, pp. 60-61.

Gunde, Dhananjay. Role of in ano-rectal problems. Bombay Hospital Journal, Apr 2000, 42(2). Available online: http://www.bhj.org/journal/2000_4202_apr00/sp_367.htm.

Iyengar, B. K. S. Colitis. In B. K. S. Iyengar, . Rev. ed. New York: Schocken Books, 1979, p. 493.

______. Ulcerative colitis. In B. K. S. Iyengar, Yoga: The Path to Holistic Health. London/New York: Dorling Kindersley, 2001, pp. 274-277.

Karmananda , Swami, under the guidance of Swami . Colitis. In Swami Karmananda Saraswati under the guidance of Swami Satyananda Saraswati, Yogic Management of Common Diseases. Bihar, India: , 1983, pp. 112-116.

Asanas recommended: Commence with the pawanmuktasana series parts 1 and 2, then the series. Begin the series of , then slowly progress to , , shalabhasana, paschimittanasana, , , , , ardha , , padmasana, , and

Pranayama: Shitali, shitkari, shodhana, and

Mudras and bandhas: , pashinee mudra, yoga mudra, ashwini mudra, mula bandha

Shatkriyas: Laghoo shankhaprakshalana, kunjal, and . Agnisar kriya (not for ulcerative colitis) and only when the healing process is well and truly under way.

Relaxation: Yoga nidra should be practiced daily and abdominal breath awareness in shavasana can be done whenever there is insufficient time for yoga nidra.

Meditation: Antar mouna has a prominent role in therapy, enabling the patient to recognize and counteract the subconscious psychic factors which are playing such a major role in attacks of colitis.

2 Kordisch, Karen. Crohn’s Disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome [Integrative Yoga Therapy approach]. Spirit of Healing Yoga Therapy Journal. Article available online: http://www.iytyogatherapy.com.

Nagarathna, R., and H. R. Nagendra. Therapeutic applications of yoga: A report. Abstr 2nd Ann Symp Indian Academy Yoga. Madras, India: Indian Inst Technology, Dec-Jan 1982-1983. (Discusses ulcerative colitis.)

Ranade, Subhash, and Sunanda Ranade. Colitis; Ulcerative colitis. In Subhash Ranade and Sunanda Ranade, Ayurveda and Yoga Therapy. Pune, India: Anmol Prakashan, 1995, pp. 35-36; 116-117.

Satyananda Saraswati, Swami. [Yoga nidra for] colitis and peptic ulcer. In Swami Satyananda, Yoga Nidra. 6th ed. Munger, Bihar, India: Yoga Publications Trust, 1998, pp. 204-205.

Shah, J. T. Colitis. In J. T. Shah, Therapeutic Yoga. Mumbai, India: Vakils, Feffer and Simons, 1999, pp. 30-31, 42-51, 62-63, 74-75, 88-89, 92-95, 98-99.

Sharma, S. K., and Balmukand Singh. Gastro intestinal disorders. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1998, pp. 73-74. (Includes colitis.)

Shivananda Saraswati, Srimat Swami. Colitis. In Srimat Swami Shivananda Saraswati, Yogic Therapy or Yogic Way to Cure Diseases. 7th ed. Umachal Series No. 10. Guwahati, Assam/Calcutta, India: Umachal Prakashani, 1994, pp. 110-112.

Singh, R. H., R. M. Shettiwar, and K. N. Udupa. “Physiological and Therapeutic Studies on Yoga.” The Yoga Review, Winter 1982, II(4).

The above article discusses several studies, including one on disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (nervous dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, mucus colitis, and ulcerative colitis). Following 8-10 weeks treatment 50 percent of patients achieved satisfactory symptomatic relief.

Asanas used (spellings are those used in the article): pascimattana, pavan mukta, trikona, vakra, bhujanga, salbha, pada hasta, hala, sarwanga, dhanura, cakra, matsendra, mayura, sirsa, padma, yoga mudra

Pranayama: sitalik sitakari, candra bhedana

Kriya: uddiyana,

Statistics: Approximately 1 million people in the United States suffer from colitis (source: Ivanhoe Broadcast News, Mar 2000, www.ivanhoe.com).

3 Of Related Interest

Bradesi, Sylvie, James A. McRoberts, Peter A. Anton, and Emeran A. Mayer. Inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome: Separate or unified? Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, Jul 2003, 19(4):336-342. Author email: [email protected].

Abstract: Both irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel diseases share symptoms of altered bowel habits associated with abdominal pain or discomfort. Irritable bowel syndrome has been referred to as a functional bowel disorder, which is diagnosed by a characteristic cluster of symptoms in the absence of detectable structural abnormalities. Inflammatory bowel disease is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by various forms of chronic mucosal and/or transmural inflammation of the intestine. In this review, the authors discuss recent evidence suggesting several potential mechanisms that might play a pathophysiologic role in both syndromes. Possible shared pathophysiologic mechanisms include altered mucosal permeability, an altered interaction of luminal flora with the mucosal immune system, persistent mucosal immune activation, alterations in gut motility, and a role of severe, sustained life stressors in symptom modulation. It is proposed that similarities and differences between the two syndromes can best be addressed within the framework of interactions between the central nervous system and the gut immune system. Based on recent reports of low-grade mucosal inflammation in subpopulations of patients meeting current diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome, therapeutic approaches shown to be effective in inflammatory bowel disease, such as probiotics, antibiotics, and antiinflammatory agents, have been suggested as possible therapies for certain patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Morris, D. L., S. M. Montgomery, M. L. Galloway, R. E. Pounder, and A. J. Wakefield. Inflammatory bowel disease and laterality: Is left handedness a risk? Gut, Aug 2001, 49(2):199-202. See also the article, “Are left-handers more prone to disease?” which provides an overview of the Gut article. The latter article is available online: http://www.healthcentral.com/drdean/DeanFullTextTopics.cfm?ID=55901&src=n2, and an abstract of the Gut article is available at: http://gut.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/abstract/49/2/199

For unknown reasons, “left-handed people are at twice the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), like colitis, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis.”

Ongoing Research

Lonnie K. Zeltzer, M.D. Professor Pediatric Pain Program University of California at Los Angeles [email protected] Tel.: 310-825-0731

4 Investigating Ayurvedic and Yoga for adolescents with ulcerative colitis. Funded by NIH (NCRR).

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