Bulletin of the Maryland Ornithological Society, Inc. MARCH
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ISSN 0147-9725 March–December 2001 MARYLAND BIRDLIFE 1 Bulletin of the Maryland Ornithological Society, Inc. MARCH–DECEMBER 2001 VOLUME 57 NUMBERS 1–4 MARYLAND ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY, INC. Cylburn Mansion, 4915 Greenspring Ave., Baltimore, Maryland 21209 STATE OFFICERS FOR JUNE 2001 TO JUNE 2002 EXECUTIVE COUNCIL Pesident: Karen Morley, 2719 N. Calvert St., Baltimore, MD 21218 (410-235-4001) Vice President:Paul Zucker, 12813 Huntsman Way, Potomac, MD 20854 (301-279-7896) Treasurer: Shiras Guion, 8007 Martown Rd., Laurel, MD 20723-1149 (301-490-0444) Secretary: Janet Shields, 13105 Fountain Head Rd, Hagerstown 21742 (301-416-7109) Exec. Secy.: Larry Fry, 1202 Ridge Rd., Pylesville, MD 21132 (410-452-8539) Past Pres.: Norm Saunders, 1261 Cavendish Dr., Colesville, MD 20905 (301-989-9035) STATE DIRECTORS Allegany: *Ray Kiddy Howard: * Don Waugh Barbara Gaffney Mary-Jo Betts Paula Ecker Anne Arundel: *Stephen Hult Darius Ecker Linda Baker Janelle Dietrich Kent: * Pat Wilson Gail Regester Baltimore: *Helene Gardel Jeanne Bowman Montgomery: * Michael Bowen Ruth Culbertson Sam Freiberg Carol McDaniel Helen Gray Joe McDaniel John Malcolm Pete Webb Lydia Schindler Caroline: *Bill Scudder Patuxent: * Frederick Fallon Chandler Robbins Carroll: *Amy Hoffman Dave Harvey Talbot: * Wayne Bell Frank Lawlor Cecil: *Leslie Fisher Liz Lawlor Parke John Marcia Watson-Whitmyre Tri-County: * Sam Dyke Elizabeth Pitney Frederick: *Doug Parker Nancy Parker Washington Co.: * Judy Lilga Ann Mitchell Harford: *Carol Flora Tom Congersky John Nack Joe Vangrin *Chapter President Active Membership: $10.00 plus chapter dues Life: $400.00 (4 annual installments) Household: $15.00 plus chapter dues Junior (under 18): $5.00 plus chapter Sustaining: $25.00 plus chapter dues Cover: Ash-throated Flycatcher in flight near Assateague Island National Seashore Visitor Center, Worcester County, Maryland on Nov. 12, 2000. Photo by Mark L. Hoffman. March–December 2001 MARYLAND BIRDLIFE 3 VOLUME 57 MARCH–DECEMBER 2001 NUMBERS 1–4 MAY COUNT REPORT: SATURDAY, MAY 13, 2000 WANDA DIANE COLE, STATEWIDE COORDINATOR This was the 53rd annual May Count in Maryland. The results from this statewide effort provide a reference point for assessing changes in Maryland’s bird populations from one spring migration to the next. While there are various factors that will affect the results for each year’s effort, natural resource planners, land managers, biologists, and researchers will be able to revisit these data as a tool for assessing whether on-the-ground conservation efforts are working, and if not, what species, habitats, and/or areas of the state need additional attention. Decisions regarding land acquisition, land use zoning, time of year restrictions on certain activities, annual budgets and work plans may be based, in part, on information gleaned from the May Count effort. What is May Count all about? It is a birdwatching effort held across the entire state on the second Saturday of each May. The count begins at 12:01 a.m and continues until midnight. Hundreds of birders volunteer to spend part or all of the day identifying and counting every bird they see and hear. Many birders start their day an hour or so before dawn in order to find owls, and most end their day shortly after dusk has set in, listening for whip-poor-wills and watching for woodcock aerial displays. This effort is repeated across much of North America, providing a “snapshot in time” that depicts which birds are where, and in what numbers, during the spring migration in the western hemisphere. Volunteers need not be ornithologists or professional wildlife biologists. A love for being outdoors, an adventurous spirit, and a willingness to rise to the challenge of bird identification are all that is needed to participate in May Count. A pair of binoculars and a field guide are the basic tools needed for this effort. Why is it important to monitor bird populations in Maryland? Our state is located along the Atlantic flyway, with the Atlantic coastline, the shorelines of Chesapeake Bay, and the ridgetops and valleys in western Maryland serving as migratory corridors within the flyway. These corridors are natural features formed by the terrain in Maryland’s four major physi- ographic regions: the Coastal Plain, the Piedmont, the Ridge and Valley, and the Allegheny Plateau. Each of these regions has differing vegetative communities caused by soil types, moisture regimes, temperature gradients and elevations. Birds have foraging and nesting preferences based upon vegetation, moisture, tempera- ture and elevation. Their populations will fluctuate with vegetation changes caused by weather conditions or development. Conservation measures must consider all these factors when plan- ning management strategies for specific species. Knowing where these species occur in the 4 MARYLAND BIRDLIFE Vol. 57, Nos. 1–4 state and in what numbers helps land managers, biologists, and land use planners determine whether additional conservation practices need to be implemented. So how does each physiographic region vary from the other? Let’s start with the Coastal Plain, which is further divided into western and eastern components, both of which form the shorelines and peninsulas bordering Chesapeake Bay. This area is characterized by flatter, unconsolidated soils containing various combinations of sands, silts, and clay, which give rise to meandering, sandy or gravelly bottomed streams and their associated complexes of palustrine wet meadows, saltmarsh meadows, and sandy beaches. The Chesapeake Bay and many of the rivers and streams in the Coastal Plain are influ- enced by twice-daily tidal action. High tide in the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries can vary from +1.0 to +2.5 feet above sea level. At low tide, miles of mudflats or sandy intertidal areas are exposed, providing rich foraging areas for migrating shorebirds. The southern end of the Western Coastal Plain and much of the Eastern Coastal Plain are heavily used for agricul- ture and pasture, providing the opportunity for grassland and old field habitat to emerge. In addition, there are numerous, forested freshwater wetlands associated with the nontidal seg- ments of rivers and their tributary creeks. The Piedmont region is the area where elevations rise up from the Coastal Plain, and whose soils have a shallow depth over underlying strata of bedrock. The landscape is charac- terized by rolling hills that meet the foothills of the Appalachians. Bottomland hardwood forest and tracts of upland forest habitat are found interspersed among large areas of human settlement. The region is incised by numerous freshwater streams, rivers with large drainage areas and rapid flow, and no tidal action. Soils may be rich with alluvial silts, or mixed with large amounts of gravel and/or cobble. The Ridge and Valley region is an area that has experienced uplift and folding caused by tectonic activity. The earth’s crustal plates move, and the plate on which the Mid-Atlantic region sits is moving westward. The pressure created when one plate is forced against a neigh- boring plate causes the earth’s surface to buckle under the strain. The earth’s upper layers lift and fold, similar to paper being crumpled. Tall, steeply sloped mountains are formed, and riverbeds that once meandered in a flatter landscape are uplifted and forced to renew a down- cutting erosion process. The Sideling Hill visitor center along I-68 near Hancock provides a breathtaking opportunity to observe a cross-section of the earth’s folded layers. The City of Cumberland and the Potomac River valley are located in the Ridge and Valley region. This region begins in western Frederick County (FR) near Catoctin Mountain, and includes all of Washington (WA) county and Allegany County (AL) east of Frostburg. The valleys between the areas of uplift are wide and relatively flat. Streams in this area may meander across the valley floor, giving rise to palustrine wetlands and providing good forag- ing areas for migratory species. Heated air rising between the ridges forms thermals, which birds ride to reduce the energy expended for migration. This is important for far-ranging migrants, as May is a time when many birds have already exhausted their fat reserves. The Allegheny Plateau is located in the far western part of the state, extending west from the Frostburg area of Allegany County across all of Garrett County (GA). In this area, the Appalachian ridges remain relatively consistent at elevations approaching 3,000 feet above sea level. The Eastern Continental Divide occurs at the top of Savage Mountain in Garrett County. On the west side of the Divide, rivers flow west toward the Mississippi River drainage system. Elsewhere in Maryland, all drainage eventually reaches the Chesapeake Bay. March–December 2001 MARYLAND BIRDLIFE 5 The landscape of the Plateau is comprised of large tracts of publicly owned forest on steep mountainsides. Large, isolated areas of boreal-like bogs and cranberry swamps are found in the cold, wet, acidic soils. The Youghiogheny River, which drains west, is a major water- shed in this region, and its pristine areas are protected as a designated Wild and Scenic River. The Savage River is a deeply incised river system with cold, fast-moving water. These are highly valued trout waters, rich in aquatic insects and small fishes, which also attract foraging migratory birds. The table that accompanies this report lists all the species that can be expected to be sighted in Maryland during the second week of May. The number of individuals for each species is shown by county, with the statewide total occurring at the end. The columns for the counties are positioned in a west to east, north to south fashion, which enables the reader to see where species with regional preferences begin to appear or drop out. There is a summary of the number of observers, hours and miles of effort, as well as a list that acknowledges those who participated in each county.