Kazuraki: Adobe Systems' Groundbreaking New Japanese

Kazuraki: Adobe Systems’ Groundbreaking New Japanese Typeface

Dr. Ken Lunde Adobe Systems Incorporated CJKV Type Development [email protected]

. Adobe’s Type Engineering team in Japan has created a groundbreaking new typeface that is visually rich and free from the rigid design protocols that have constrained Japanese fonts for decades. . Called Kazuraki (かづらき or 葛城), this new typeface design serves as an inspiration and model for other CJK type designers and type foundries. . !e Kazuraki typeface design was inspired by the calligraphy of 12th century artist and writer Fujiwara-no-Teika (藤原定家), who is considered to be one of the greatest poets in Japan’s history. Inspired by Teika’s calligraphy, Adobe Senior Designer Ryoko Nishizuka (西塚涼子) began creating a new typeface years ago. Her initial work won the Silver Prize at Morisawa’s 2002 International Typeface Design Competition. Kazuraki itself was among the winning typeface designs in the Typeface Directors Club 2010 competition. . While Kazuraki is not suitable for typese"ing books, it is intended for “display purposes.” Display uses include advertising copy, headlines, greeting cards, movie and book titles, restaurant menus, and so on.

. To build excitement and awareness about OpenType Japanese fonts . Kazuraki is the #rst fully-proportional OpenType Japanese font

. To demonstrate advanced OpenType layout capabilities of Adobe applications . To guide other type foundries to design and develop comparable fonts . !e interest in developing such fonts is not only in Japan, but also in China

. Adobe Tech Note #5901 was speci#cally authored for this purpose . To expose poor assumptions in applications and font tools . So that they can be $agged then subsequently #xed

. Tokyo, Japan . Ryoko Nishizuka—Designer

. Masataka Ha"ori—Production . Taro Yamamoto—Manager ࢡ ઄ ॖ . San Jose, California ৡ . Ken Lunde—Production વ ੾ . David Lemon—Manager ছ ॏ ଑ . Beijing, China ऍ ନ ࢰ . Gu Hua—QE ଖ ߪ ࡄ

. Full-width (monospaced) kana and kanji . !e design space is usually square, but sometimes compressed . Popular for newspaper use, but also applicable for mobile devices

. !e point is that the glyphs are monospaced, and were designed to be so

. !e glyphs are originally designed to be monospaced . Portions of their widths are trimmed away, resulting in proportional widths . Early DTP implementations in PageMaker via “SBX” #les . !e next implementation was via ‘ALMX’ tables in sfnt-CID fonts . OpenType has support for pseudo-proportional glyphs via GPOS features . Via ‘palt’ GPOS feature for horizontal

. Via ‘vpal’ GPOS feature for vertical

それでは大リーグの試合を見ましょう。 ⬇ それでは大リーグの試合を見ましょう。

. Virtually all glyphs require separate vertical forms . !e glyphs may be identical, but shi%ing and other metrics necessitate separate glyphs

. For a very small number of glyphs, there are only vertical forms

. Specialized glyphs . Two-, three-, and four-character vertical hiragana ligatures . Conclusion: Kazuraki does not “#t” the Adobe-Japan1-x glyph set . !e Adobe-Japan1-x glyph set is the industry standard for OpenType Japanese fonts

. A dynamic, locale-unspeci#c special-purpose glyph set . ROS means /Registry = “Adobe”; /Ordering = “Identity”; and /Supplement = 0 . Speci#ed in the /CIDSystemInfo dictionary

. Locale and language are speci#ed via other a"ributes in the OpenType font . Via the ‘OS/2’ and ‘name’ tables

. Two important goals

1) Proportional metrics are the default—‘palt’ and ‘vpal’ GPOS features are not used

2) Vertical hiragana ligatures are “on” by default

. Solutions . Proportional metrics are speci#ed as default in standard OpenType tables—‘hmtx’ and ‘vmtx’ . Vertical hiragana ligatures are accessible via the ‘liga’ GSUB feature

. GSUB feature ordering is important . ‘vert’ (and ‘vrt2’) before ‘liga’

. Clients—meaning OSes, applications, and libraries—must respect feature ordering

. Serves as an example for other type foundries to follow . !e production techniques are described and detailed in Adobe Tech Note #5901

. Includes Japanese and Chinese translations

. !e data is #rst built as an intermediate OpenType font with standard features . !e glyphs are optically centered within the 1000×1000 em-box

. With mono-spaced 1000-unit horizontal and vertical advances

. !e ‘palt’ and ‘vpal’ GPOS features provide X- and Y-axis shi%ing values and new widths . !e horizontal and vertical glyphs require X- and Y-axis shi%ing, respectively

. Intermediate glyphs are named according to Adobe-Japan1-6 CIDs . Ligatures were named as sequences of Adobe-Japan1-6 CIDs

. Proportional Latin glyphs were added . Brioso Pro Semibold Display scaled to 108%

. An elaborate Perl script was used to process the data . !e separate vertical glyphs were created by an AFDKO “mergeFonts” tool mapping #le

. !e ‘palt’ (horizontal) GPOS metrics were converted to AFDKO “rotateFont” tool directives

. X-axis shi%ing and new horizontal advances . !e ‘vpal’ (vertical) GPOS metrics were converted to ‘vmtx’ table overrides

. Y-axis shi%ing and new vertical advances

. !e Unicode CMap resource, used to generate the ‘cmap’ table, was automatically created

. Adobe-Japan1-6 CIDs and UTF-32 CMap resources were leveraged

. !e ‘vert’ and ‘liga’ GSUB features were automatically created . !e same Perl script was used for the production of all three versions . Prototype—1,223 glyphs (297 kanji, 17 vertical hiragana ligatures)

. Version 1—2,973 glyphs (1,082 kanji, 50 vertical hiragana ligatures)—shipping

. Version 2—3,776 glyphs (1,483 kanji, 51 vertical hiragana ligatures)

. Kazuraki sources

. Final Kazuraki glyph—CIDs 1262 (horizontal) and 3121 (vertical)

. Horizontal metrics directives—expressed in ‘CFF’ and ‘hmtx’ tables . 881-unit advance—narrow

. 78-unit le% shi% . Vertical metrics directives—expressed in ‘vmtx’ table . 1,306-unit advance—tall

. 24-unit downward shi%

. Kazuraki sources

. Final Kazuraki glyph—CIDs 1531 (horizontal) and 3390 (vertical)

. Horizontal metrics directives—expressed in ‘CFF’ and ‘hmtx’ tables . 1,376-unit advance—wide

. 154-unit right shi% . Vertical metrics directives—expressed in ‘vmtx’ table . 835-unit advance—short

. 125-unit upward shi%

. Final Kazuraki glyph—CID+3730 (vertical only)—うれしく (ureshiku)

⬆ٍ ځ ୰ ۇ ڒ (Horizontal metrics directives—expressed in ‘CFF’ and ‘hmtx’ tables (unusedڊ . . Default advance (1000 units)

. No shi% . Vertical metrics directives—expressed in ‘vmtx’ table . 3,219-unit advance—very tall

. 1,119-unit downward shi%

. Small kana and punctuation require separate vertical forms in standard fonts . !ey are repositioned, rotated, or rotated+$ipped

. Kazuraki requires separate vertical forms for all kana, kanji, and punctuation . !eir shapes are otherwise identical

. Why is this necessary? . !e genuine proportional nature of the design necessitates X- and Y-axis shi%ing . Horizontal requires X-axis shi%ing

. Vertical required Y-axis shi%ing

. !e OpenType table that records default vertical metrics does not support X-axis shi%s

. !e ‘vmtx’ table can record only vertical widths and Y-axis shi%s

. !anks to subroutinization, the diﬀerence in #lesize is minimal . !e AFDKO “makeotf” tool, an OpenType font compiler, applies subroutinization by default

. All kana—hiragana and katakana . Punctuation and symbols . A total of 51 two-, three-, and four-character vertical hiragana ligatures . 1,483 kanji . All 1,006 Gakushū Kanji (学習漢字) are now included

. 3,776 total glyphs—CIDs 0 through 3775 . CIDs 1 through 1863: horizontal glyphs (Latin, punctuation, symbols, kana, and kanji)

. CIDs 1864 through 3722: vertical forms of CIDs 1 through 1863 . CIDs 3723 through 3775: vertical hiragana ligatures and kana iteration marks

. Version 2 includes glyphs for 401 additional kanji plus one more ligature . Version 1 is shipping, and is one of the CS5 complimentary bene#ts for Japanese customers

. Version 2 missed the deadline to be included in CS5

ɽ Ǳ ȹ

ɯ ɶ ȃ Ȋ Ǳ Ǳ ̴Ȋ ʞ ȥ Ȫ Ǳʋ Ǳɽ ΖȲ ɑ ɽ ɑ ϡ Ǳɯ ȹ Ȍ ̿ ʥɯ Ț ɛ Ț ȃ ɶ ȉ ȶ ɾɶ ̴ ͪ ȩȊ ȅ ȭʞ ȅȥ ʞ ˉ Ȫ ͫ ʋ ɽ ȊΖ ɑ ɑ Ȋɑ ʋ Ȇ ϡ ʍ Μ̿ ̴ ȣ ϡɯ Ȟ ʠ ȡ Ȍ ʥ ȲȚ ɛ ʍ ʓ ȹȚ ͢ ɖ ʥɶ ʠ ϒ ȅȉ ɾ ʓ ɮ ȶ ˽ ˉ ϒ ϥ ȥ ȅ ɽȭ ȋ ̴ȅ ɾʞ ȓ ʀ ͪ ȩ ȋ ɮ ʞ Ț ͫ ɭ Ȋ ϥ Ȋ ȹʋ ʀ Ȋ ɑ Ȇ ɓ ɞ̴ Ȋ ͢ ȹ ʞ Ȳ Μ ȣ ȃϡ Ȟ Ȋ ɉȡ ʥ Ȫ ȋȲ Ȭ

̴ ɛ Ȳ Ȟȅ ȹ ȹ͢ ɑɖ ʥ ɓ ̴ ͢ ȥ ˋ˽ ɽ ȋ ȇ̴ ɾ Ȍȓ Ȋ ͢ Ț ȋ ɭ Ȍ Τ ɔ ȝ ȹ Ȋ ɓ ɞ Ȋ ɉ͢ ȹ Ȫ ɉ ȬȪ ɛȃ Ȋ ȗɛ ʥ ɖȋ Ȭ Ȫ Ȳ Ȟ ȡ ȹ Ȟɑ ɓ ɑ ̴ ɔˋ ɉ ȗ Ȍ ΄ ȇ ɑ ® ͢ Ȍ ȏΤ ɔ ˂ ȭ ȝ Ț

ɉ ® Ȍ ̽ Ⱥ Ȭ ɔɛ ϐ ȅȊ ȗ ȥɖ Ȍ ʨ ȈȲ ȡ Ȟ Ȳ ɢ ̐ ̴ ȗ ʥ ɔ ɉ Ȋ ̽΄ ͢ ɯ ȶ ȏ ɀ ˂ ȭ Ț Ȭ ȴ ξ̽ Ⱥ ® Ȏ ȅ ɔ ɜ ɍ ɔϐ ȅ © 2010 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved. Ȭ ʨ Ȉ 18 ȥ Ȳ ȅ ɢ ȓ̐ ɉ ʥ ȹ Ȋ Ȟ ̽ ɯ Ȭȶ ɀ Ȍ Ȭ ȴ ɔξ Ȏ ȅ 14/19ɜ ptɍ ɔ 23/36 pt 14/19 pt カーニング「メトリクス」適用Ȭ 任意の分かち書きには四分スペースを挿入ȅ ȓ ɉ ȹ Ȟ Ȭ Ȍ ɔ

14/19 pt 23/36 pt 14/19 pt カーニング「メトリクス」適用任意の分かち書きには四分スペースを挿入

® a® a アドビオリジナル和文書体 Adobe® Originals アドビオリジナル和文書体 Adobe® Originals かづら

ʄ ϝ ȶ ϓ き Ȅ ϐ にか含 ϑ ʅ ɝ ȷ ȃ づ ȳ ǲ ま ʆ ȸ ϔ られ

Ϟ ϐ ǳʄ ϝʇ ȶ ϓ ȅ きる Ȅ Ȇ ɞ ȹ にひ ϑ Ǵʅ ɝʈ ȷ ȃ ϕ 含ら

ȳ ま ǲ ʆ ϟ が ǵ ʉ ȸ ϔȺ れな ȴ Ϟ ɟ ȇ ǳ ʇ ʊ ȅ る、 Kazuraki Samples—VerticalȆ Hiraganaȓ LigaturesǶ ɞ Ϡȹ Ȼ ひカ Ǵ ʈ ʋ ɠ ϕ ϖ らタ

ϟ がカ ǵ Ƿʉ Ⱥ ȼ ȴ ɟʌ ϡ ȇ Ȉ なナ

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ș ȡɑ ȯ ȟ ʢ ɶʜʥ ɯʜϛɯɋ Ȥɋ Ȱ ȟ ʣ ɰɸɐ ȢɌɓ Ț Ț ʤ ɷʝʦ ɹʝ ɰȣ ȥɌ ʞϧ ɱɑɱɍɔ ȝȦɍ ȝ Ȱ ʥ ɸϨ ɲϢʞ ɲȤϙɖ Ȯ ʟ ɓ ϙ Ȯ ʦ ɳɺʟ Ɏ ȧ ɹʠϩ ʠ ɳȥɗ ȞɎ Ȟ ϧ ϢϦϪ ɴɻϦɔɴȦϚ ȠȨϚ Ϩ ɺʡϫ ɵɼʡɖɵȧɏϜ Ϙɏ Ƞ

ȡȩ ȯ ȯ ϩ ʢϬ ɽʢɗ ϛɘ ϛ ȡ Ϫ ɻʣ ɶ ɶȨɐ ȢȪ Ȣ ϫ ɼϭ ɷɾʣϜ Ϙə ȣȫɐ ʤϮ ɿʤɘɷȩɑɚ Ȭɑ ȣ Ȱ Ȱ Ϭ ɽʥ ɸʥ ɸȪ Ȥ Ȥ ϭ ɾʦϯ ʀə ȫɓɛ ȥȭɓ ϧϒ ɹʁʦ ɹɔɜ ȥ Ϯ ɿ ϢʂϧɚϢȬ Ȧȱɔ Ȧ ϯ ʀϨ ɺϨɛ ȭɖ ȧȲɖ ϒ ʁϩ ʃϩ ɺɗ ȧ ʂϪ ɻɜɻȱ Ȩɗ Ȩ ɼϪ ɼȲϜ ϘϜ Ϙ ʃϫ ϫ ɘ ȩ ȩ Ϭ ɽϬ ɽ Ȫɘ Ȫ ϭ ɾϭ ɾə ȫə ȫ Ϯ ɿϮ ɿɚ Ȭɚ Ȭ ϯ ʀϯ ʀɛ ȭɛ ȭ ϒ ʁϒ ʁɜ ʂ ʂ ȱɜ ȱ ʃ ʃ Ȳ Ȳ Application Testing Issues

. Common assumptions . Monospaced glyphs or shared horizontal/vertical metrics

. Must respect the metrics speci#ed in the ‘hmtx’ and ‘vmtx’ tables

. GSUB feature ordering . Must respect GSUB feature ordering—critical for vertical hiragana ligatures

. Use of Adobe-Identity-0 ROS . Other font characteristics are used to identify it as a Japanese font

. Japanese characteristics are speci#ed in the ‘name’ and ‘OS/2’ tables

. Adobe InDesign CS2 and greater handles Kazuraki well . Other CS4/5 applications have no problems with Kazuraki

. InDesign + Kazuraki OpenType font . Character entry

. Horizontal versus vertical metrics

. Seamless support for vertical writing . Vertical hiragana ligatures

. Kerning

. Additional kanji . !ose found in Hyakunin Isshu (百人一首), which is a series of 100 famous poems

. Compiled by Fujiwara-no-Teika, whose handwriting inspired Kazuraki

. !ose used in words that are important for funeral and Buddhist services . Complete coverage of Jōyō Kanji (常用漢字) or Jinmei-yō Kanji (人名用漢字)

. !e former is the basic set of kanji, and the la"er is used for personal names

. Additional vertical hiragana ligatures . Alternate kana forms . Alternate kanji forms

. Type Development @ Adobe mailto:[email protected]

. Adobe Type Showroom h"p://www.adobe.com/type/

. CJKV Information Processing, Second Edition (O’Reilly Media, 2009) h"p://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596514471/ . OpenType Speci#cation h"p://www.microso%.com/typography/otspec/

. AFDKO (Adobe Font Development Kit for OpenType) h"p://www.adobe.com/devnet/opentype/afdko/

. Adobe Tech Note #5901 h"p://www.adobe.com/devnet/font/pdfs/5901.Kazuraki_Tutorial.pdf