ACTA SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURE (ISSN: 2581-365X) Volume 4 Issue 2 February 2020 Research Article

Density of Girdled Horn Shell in Kyaikkhami Coastal Area of in

Naung Naung OO* Received: December 23, 2019 Lecturer, Department of Marine Science, Sittway University, , Myanmar Published: *Corresponding Author: Naung Naung OO, Lecturer, Department of Marine © All rights are reserved by Naung Naung January 11, 2020 Science, Sittway University, Rakhine State, Myanmar. OO.

Abstract Assessment of species density, relative density and population density of girdled horn shell Cerithidea cingulata (Gmelin, 1791)

were analyzed by quadrat-transect method in mudflat and mangrove swamp of Kyaikkhami coastal area (Lat. 16° 04′ N, Long. 97° 2 2 were recorded in study 33′ E), Township, Mon State from January-December 2018. A total of 24335 individuals of species composition, shell density of 405.59 shells/m , total relative density of 100% and population density of 30.44 individuals/m m2 2 in population density, respectively. High species densities period. Monthly systematic analysis were recorded in the range of 2853-1344 individuals in shell composition, 47.55-22.40 shells/ in density, 11.72-5.52% in relative density and 0.24-0.11 individuals/m represents part of ongoing efforts to revise and document the ecology of malacofauna in Myanmar. were recorded in early monsoon month of June and low species densities were found at late premonsoon month of May. This paper Keywords: Girdled Horn Shell; Kyaikkhami Coastal Area; Cerithidea cingulata

Introduction can fauna (gastropods and bivalves) and notes on environmental Kyaikkhami coastal area is one of the brackish water estuarine investigated biodi- conditions of two adjoining protected bays in Puerto Princesa City, fringe and moderately productive in mangrove swamps provided versity of marine gastropods along the Uran coast, Navi Mumbai, system in Mon coastal area where a thick mudflat, disperse rocky Palawan, Philippines. Pawar and Al-Tawaha [8] natural beds for estuarine gastropods and bivalves. Girdled Horn west coast of India. Viswanathan9 studied gastropods of the Gu- Shell Cerithidea cingulata (Gmelin, 1791) dense populates on jarat coast, India: an updated species checklist with two new re- muddy-sandy substrata of intertidal estuarine habitats in Kyaik- [10] studied diversity of

cords indicators. Darwin and Padmavathi great importance and comparative study in any group of organ- [11] khami coastal area. The ecological aspects of species density is malacofauna from the Paleru and Moosy backwaters of Prakasam investigated marine gastropods diversity and distribution on inter- district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Baharuddin, Basri and Syawal are particularly interesting for studies of species density and are [12] isms is a promising field of investigation. The gastropod molluscs also very suitable material. In recent years some important con- studied marine gastropods molluscan diversity from west coast of tidal rocky shores of Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Khade tributions have been made on the ecology of seashells, in particu- [13] investigated the biodiversity lar distribution, occurrence, composition, abundance, density and India. Baharuddin and Zakaria - and conservation status of the marine gastropod in Pulau Bidong, gator both neighbouring countries and Myanmar. biodiversity. The latter has been studied by more than one investi Terengganu,Sanpanich Malaysia. and Duangdee [14] surveyed on marine mollusc di- [1] studied distribution of intertidal versity in the southern Mergui Archipelago, Myanmar. From 2012 malacofauna at Sagar Island, India. Sri-aroon, Lohachit and Ha- to 2019, Naung Naung Oo., et al. studied the ecology of Dey, Jamadar and Mitra rada [2] studied percentage composition and species frequency marine gastropods in some coastal areas of Myanmar water such [15-24] as biodiversity of the rock shells from Mon coastal areas in 2012; [3] reviewed the biodiver- diversity and distribution of the family Neritidae, the olive and of brackish-water mollusks of Surat Thani Province, southern cone shells from Mon coastal areas in 2014; and, distribution of the . Sanpanich and Duangdee [4] studied the biodiversity family Nassariidae and shell diversity of some marine ceriths from sity of marine gastropods along the Chonburi to Trad coastline and distribution of marine gastropods (Mollusca) during pre- and of Thailand in the late decade. David post-monsoon seasons along the Goa coastline, India. Rajasekaran, molluscan fauna such as diversity of silver-mouth turban in Mon Mon coastal areas in 2015, respectively. Some ecological aspects of reported on check list and occurrence of Myanmar with notes on habitat, local distribution and utilization; Elaiyaraja and Sekar [5] coastal areas; top shells of Andrew Bay in Rakhine coastal region of studied molluscan marine gastropods along the Palk bay region, southeast coast of India. Joseph Uday Ranjan and Ramesh Babu [6] and, distribution of the genus Strombus Linnaeus 1758 in some [7] investigated the mollus- diversity of Bhavanapadu mangroves, Northeast coast of Andhra coastal areas of Myanmar were recorded in 2018. In 2019, turban Myanmar were also studied. Pradesh, India. Picardal and Dolorosa shells and cowry shells of Andrew Bay in Rakhine coastal region of

Citation: Naung Naung OO. “Density of Girdled Horn Shell in Kyaikkhami Coastal Area of Mon State in Myanmar". Acta Scientific Agriculture 4.2 (2020):

32-36. Density of Girdled Horn Shell in Kyaikkhami Coastal Area of Mon State in Myanmar

33

Ecological calculation of species density in Cerithidea cingulata (Gmelin, 1791) based on Density, relative density and population density of girdled horn The present paper records the results of a preliminary study systematic sampling data for a period of one year. shells can be calculated by using the following formulas.

Materials and Methods Density (D) shells/m2 Systematic sampling - 2). - Density = Total no. of individuals of the species/Total no. of quad In this study was used the quadrat (50 cm × 50 cm) which divid Relativerats × quadrat Density area (RD) (m % - ed into a (10 cm × 10 cm) grid made of brass or aluminium for light ters length and 20 meters width are lined (Figure 2). Samples of the and durable (Figure 1). For each site, at least 5 transects of 40 me studied months x 100%. girdled horn shells Cerithidea cingulata (Gmelin, 1791) collected Relative Density = Density of a given month/Total densities of all from the upper tidal level to lower tidal level within the intertidal Population Density (PD) individuals/m2

studied area (m2). zones along the Kyaikkhami coastal area (Lat. 16° 04′ N, Long. 97° Population Density = Total no. of individuals of the species/Total 33′ E), Mon State during January-December 2018 (Figure 3). Results and Discussion Girdled horn shells are high-conical, with many spire whorls. Sculptures are generally coarse. Aperture is relatively small, with a - ed, corneous, with many spiral coils (Figure 4). short siphonal canal. Outer lip is often flaring. Operculum is round

Figure 1:

Sampling quadrat (50 cm × 50 cm) with (10 cm × 10 cm) grid.

Figure 4: Habit of girdled horn shell C. cingulata (Gmelin, 1791) in Kyaikkhami coastal area.

Figure 2: Systematic sampling of girdled horn shells in Kyaikkhami coastal area. Phylum: Mollusca Linnaeus, 1758 Class: Gastropoda Cuvier, 1798 Order: Mesogastropoda Thiele 1929 Family:Genus: CerithideaPotamididae Swainson Adams, 1854 Species: C. cingulata (Gmelin,1840 1791).

Length

DiagnosticMaximum shell characters length 4.5 cm, commonly to 3.5 cm. - tened or slightly convex spire whorls. Sculpture generally coarse, Shell is thick and solid, tapering, high-conical, with many flat with spiral grooves or cords and often axial ribs, giving a reticulat- - cum usually well developed, brownish to corneous. Aperture rela- ed to nodular aspect. Axial varices sometimes present. Periostra tively small, with a short and deep anterior siphonal canal. Outer

corneous, with many spiral coils and a subcentral nucleus. Head lip often thickened and more or less flaring. Operculum rounded, Figure 3: Map showing the sampling site of girdled with a pair of tentacles, abruptly narrowing distally and bearing horn shell in Kyaikkhami coastal area.

Citation: Naung Naung OO. “Density of Girdled Horn Shell in Kyaikkhami Coastal Area of Mon State in Myanmar". Acta Scientific Agriculture 4.2 (2020):

32-36. Density of Girdled Horn Shell in Kyaikkhami Coastal Area of Mon State in Myanmar

34 eyes at or above their thickened bases. Foot rounded in front and tion by size in relation to tidal levels, the largest, oldest individuals obtuse behind (Figure 4). occurring upshore.

Habitat - - A total of 24335 individuals of girdled horn shells were col tuaries and in mangrove swamps near high tide line. Locally, num- Abundant in brackish-water environments, on mud flats of es lected from mud flat and mangrove area of Kyaikkhami coastal area (Table 1). The maximum and minimum shell composition was - bers of about 500 individuals per square meter can occur. Usually recorded 2853 and 1344 individuals in June and May (Figure 5). - living in the upper bottom layer of mud which is almost liquid. Ex The lowest number of shells 30 individuals were found at low tidal C. cingulata are extensively used as food in the study area, and their dividuals were found at upper tidal zone of transect 3 in Septem- tensively collected for food and to make lime in the Philippines [25]. zone of transect 5 in May and the highest number of shells 259 in shell is mainly utilized for making lime. In Myanmar, they appear 2, ber. Total shell density, total relative density and total population and a somewhat piquant taste increases the desire for drinking. 2 quite often in local markets. They are consumed steamed or boiled, density of girdled horn shell was recorded as 405.59 shells/m et al. found dense aggregations of C. cingulata on the - 100.0% and 2.03 individuals/m in Kyaikkhami coastal area (Table out the coastal states of Myanmar mainly for the purpose of manu- Basson., [26] 2 and figure 6). Marine gastropod resources are exploited through [27] noted that C. cingulata was facturing ornaments, curios and numerous artifacts of commercial tidal flats of the western Persian Gulf. These populations were not common on the soil surface of mangrove swamps in west Malaysia. value rather than consumption. Lack of a comprehensive checklist associated with mangroves. Berry In Singapore, Vohra noted that this species was not limited of gastropods for the coastal states of Myanmar drives the need by particle size in its distribution but that it avoided clean, well- for systematic biodiversity documentation for conservation and [28,29]

Vohra found no evidence for vertical migration with the tide shell diversity as well as to study decadal changes on marine gas- drained sand and was confined to regions of low salinity and pH. management. This study made an attempt to provide an up-to-date but observed a seasonal migration, controlled perhaps by internal [28] physiological rhythms. Cerithidea cingulata also showed segrega- existing datasets. tropods of the Kyaikkhami coast based on rapid field surveys and

Transect 1 Transect 2 Transect 3 Transect 4 Transect 5 Sampling U M L U M L U M L U M L U M L Total individuals month Number of individuals in each quadrat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 112 119 129 132 123 121 114 117 120 133 111 Feb 147 172 142 124 171 113 120 110 JanMar 120 118 122 124 122 125127 120 115 120 40 115 1804 Apr 120 187130 120 106110 152100 126 105 100 100 198120 130 120 105140 2078 May 125 43 172 126 40 70 126 75 125100 120 4570 5530 15721344 150 171 170 105177 105 105221 222 202 1755 78 65 66 150 125 80 135 171 193 172 222 107 101 Jun 176 164 168 189 198 215 218 196 166 2853 Aug 139 133 173 142 234 192 120 2402 JulSept 166212 178 212 196111 140 167 155 188210 218 184100 187 144 114 2605 Oct 103 162 168 142 108114 122 176100 164 110 128140 129 238104 100 125103 107 Nov 160140 109 102 145143 259 110 108107 110 167100 196 105102 149 141 2383 Dec 149 116114 181117 100 120 105 140 123 100 131 17761909 128 150 145 118 1854 128 160 128 105 125 169 Table 1: Systematic sampling of girdled horn shell in Kyaikkhami coastal area. Total 24335

Sampling Density (D) Relative density Population density month shells/m2 (RD) % (PD) individuals/m2 30.07 7.41 Feb 0.17 JanMar 0.150.13 Apr 34.63 8.547.21 May 26.2022.40 6.46 0.11 29.25 11.72 0.150.24 43.42 10.715.52 0.22 JunAug 47.5540.03 0.20 JulSept 39.72 9.79 0.20 Oct 9.877.30 Nov 30.90 Figure 5: Monthly shell composition of girdled horn shell Dec 29.60 0.15 in Kyaikkhami coastal area. 100.007.62 0.152.03 31.82 7.85 0.16 TotalTable 2: Monthly405.59 shell density, relative density and population density of girdled horn shell in Kyaikkhami coastal area.

Citation: Naung Naung OO. “Density of Girdled Horn Shell in Kyaikkhami Coastal Area of Mon State in Myanmar". Acta Scientific Agriculture 4.2 (2020):

32-36. Density of Girdled Horn Shell in Kyaikkhami Coastal Area of Mon State in Myanmar

35 4. (Mollusca) during pre and post-monsoon seasons along the David A. “Biodiversity and distribution of marine gastropods Goa coastline”. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India

5. Rajasekaran55.1 (2013): R., et al 17-24.. “Check list and occurrence of marine gas-

Advances in Applied Science Research tropoda along the Palk bay region, southeast coast of India”. 6. 4.1 (2013): 195-199. -

Joseph Uday Ranjan T and Ramesh Babu K. “Molluscan Diver Figure 6: Monthly shell density, relative density and population Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and sity of Bhavanapadu Mangroves, Northeast Coast of Andhra density of girdled horn shell in Kyaikkhami coastal area. Life Sciences 4 (2014): 73-79. Pradesh, India”. 7. - pods and bivalves) and notes on environmental conditions of Conclusion Picardal RM and Dolorosa RG. “The molluscan fauna (gastro Cerithidea cingula- Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2.4 ta - two adjoining protected bays in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, This study shows the need of inventories for (2014): 72-90. cal studies can be updated regularly for easy understanding of spe- Philippines”. that will help in preparation of shell biodiversity. These ecologi cies distribution, density, their availability and for the preparation 8. - tropods along the Uran coast, Navi Mumbai, west coast of In- Pawar PR and Al-Tawaha ARMS. “Biodiversity of marine gas species could result from anthropogenic activities of Kyaikkhami dia”. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 11.2 of conservation and management plans. The variation in density of coastal area. Activities like overharvesting, habitat loss, disposal of (2017): 19-30. - 9. Viswanathan C., et al. “Gastropods of the Gujarat Coast, India: sewage, wastes and effluents, sedimentation and tourism will af of girdled horn shell would be helpful as a baseline data for further fect the coastal ecosystem. Present information on species density An Updated Species Checklist with Two New Records”. Fourth monitoring of anthropogenic inputs on gastropods from Myanmar 10. Indian Biodiversity Congress (IBC 2017): Book of Abstracts. coast. Darwin Ch and Padmavathi P. “Diversity of Malacofauna Journal of Entomology and Zoology Acknowledgements from the Paleru and Moosy backwaters of Prakasam District, Studies I am indebted to Dr Win Naing, Rector of Sittway University Andhra Pradesh, India”. 11. 5.4 (2017):et al881-887.. “Marine gastropods (Gastropoda: Mol- encouragement and supports in preparing this work. I am very lusca) diversity and distribution on intertidal rocky shores of and Dr Khin Maung Zaw, Pro-Rector of Sittway University, for their Baharuddin N., AACL Bioflux Department of Marine Science, Sittway University, for her valuable grateful to Dr Mya Kyawt Wai, Associate Professor and Head of the Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia”. 11.4 (2018): suggestions and constructive criticisms on this study. I would like 12. 1144-1154.Khade SN. “Marine gastropods molluscan diversity from west to express my sincere thanks to colleagues of Field Observation coast of India”. International Journal of Zoology Studies 3.2 Group, Department of Marine Science, University, for go to Daw Lwin Lwin, Retired Lecturer of the Department of Ma- 13. (2018): 116-119. - their kindly help me in many ways during field trips. Many thanks vation status of the marine gastropod (Mollusca; Gastropoda) rine Science, Mawlamyine University, for her assistance in prepara- Baharuddin N and Zakaria NA. “The biodiversity and conser tions of the manuscript. I would like to thank my beloved parent, U AACL Bioflux 11.4 in Pulau Bidong, Terengganu, Malaysia”. 14. - Win Maung and Daw Than Than Aye, for their physical, moral and (2018): 988-1000. versity in the Southern Mergui Archipelago, Myanmar”. Phuket financialBibliography supports throughout this study. Sanpanich K and Duangdee T. “A Survey of Marine Mollusc Di Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin 1. Dey M., et al. “Distribution of Intertidal Malacofauna at Sagar 15. 75 (2018): 45-60. Island”. Records of the Zoological Survey of India shells (Family Muricidae) from Mon coastal areas”. Mawlamy- Naung Naung Oo and Lwin Lwin. “The biodiversity of the rock 105 (2005): ine University Research Journal 4.1 (2012): 203-214. 2. 25-35. et al 16. Naung Naung Oo and Lwin Lwin. “Notes on the Diversity and Southeast Asian Journal of Trop- Sri-aroon P., . “Brackish-water Mollusks of Surat Thani Distribution of the Family Neritidae (Archaeogastropoda, ical Medicine and Public Health Province, Southern Thailand”. Mollusca) from Mon coastal areas”. Mawlamyine University Re- 3. 36 (2005): 180-188. - search Journal Malaysian Journal of Sanpanich K and Duangdee T. “The Biodiversity of Marine Gas 17. 6.1 (2014): 202-212. - Science tropods of Thailand in the Late Decade”. tion of the olive and cone shells in Mon coastal areas”. Universi- Naung Naung Oo and Lwin Lwin. “The diversity and distribu 32 (2013): 47-64. ties Research Journal

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Citation: Naung Naung OO. “Density of Girdled Horn Shell in Kyaikkhami Coastal Area of Mon State in Myanmar". Acta Scientific Agriculture 4.2 (2020):

32-36.