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Index

accessibility and inclusion rights, Alston, P 116 Convention on the Rights of amicus curiae observations, Persons with (CRPD) international criminal law 92–3, 95–9, 102–3, 104, 106, pluralism 50, 52–3 108 Anaya, J 70, 71, 75, 78, 82 accused rights, international criminal Andreassen, B 13 law pluralism 46–7 Angeli, D 90 added value, Convention on the Arnold, R 34 Rights of Persons with assimilation movement see Disabilities (CRPD) 103, 104–6, constitutional and international 108, 109 protection of human rights, added value and smart human rights assimilation movement integration monitoring bodies 175–8, 187, 192 Bailleux, A 93, 140 specialized texts 172–5 Banakar, R 12 Africa Baumgärtel, M 25, 30–32, 100, 122, Extraordinary African Chambers 137 (EAC) 57–8 Belgium West African States see Economic assimilation movement 141–4, 151, Community of the West 153 African States Court of Justice migration law 36 African Charter of Human And trans people rights see trans people Peoples’ Rights 82, 83, 84, 129, rights, Belgium 181–2 birth certificates, changing registered African Commission on Human and sex on 119–21, 126–7, 135–7 Peoples’ Rights 129, 166 see also trans people rights, Centre for Economic and Social Belgium Rights v Nigeria 76 Endorois Welfare Council v Kenya Bogoeva, J 47 76, 82–4 Borghs, P 124 African Court on Human and Peoples’ Boudreau, J 72 Rights, African Commission on Boyte, A 66 Human and Peoples’ Rights v Branford, S 64 Republic of Kenya 76–7, 84 Brazil, Munduruku peoples see Aguirre, S 133 indigenous peoples’ land rights, Åhrén, M 82 Munduruku peoples, Brazil Akande, D 43 Brems, E 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 16, 18, 20, Alidadi, K 187 21, 22, 30, 34, 87, 115, 126, Allard, J 189 152, 165–93

195

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Bribosia, E 8–9, 26, 28, 29, 93, communal property rights, indigenous 111–38, 188, 189 peoples’ land rights 78–80 Brubacker, R 113 constitutional and international Burbergs, M 3 protection of human rights 9–10, Burger, J 71, 81 29–30, 139–64 Butler, J 122 constitutional and international protection of human rights, categorical logic, smart human rights assimilation movement 140–55 integration, specialization Belgium 141–4, 151, 153 170–71 citizens forums 148 categorization of human rights users and European Convention of 24–5, 36, 43 Human Rights (ECHR) 142–3, Charmaz, K 87 145–6, 154, 155 Chen, J 23–4 legal cross-fertilizations 143–4, children’s rights 18–19, 23, 25 150 Convention on the Rights of the Luxembourg 146–8 Child (CRC) 132, 174, 176, Netherlands 144–6 177 Switzerland 149–50, 152–3 Christensen, M 49 constitutional and international civil society protection of human rights, Convention on the Rights of assimilation movement, Persons with Disabilities usefulness and limits of (CRPD) 90, 97–8, 101–4 constitutional update 149–55 trans people rights and legal ‘counter-limits’ doctrine 151 mobilization effects 117–18, European Convention on Human 128 Rights and margin of see also NGO involvement appreciation 154 see also Convention on the Rights European Convention on Human of Persons with Disabilities Rights, maximum thresholds (CRPD) 155 Cloots, E 161 future evolution of codified object Coalition for the International 152–3 Criminal Court (CICC) 45 legal certainty and transparency see also International Criminal 150–52, 163, 173 Court (ICC) legal cross-fertilization 150 colonization and uti possidetis modernisation 153–5 doctrine, indigenous peoples’ unveiling process 150–53 land rights 69 constitutional and international Committee on Economic, Social and protection of human rights, Cultural Rights (CESCR) 71–2, exclusion movement 155–8 75, 81 Russian Federation 157–8 Committee on the Elimination of United Kingdom 156–7 against Women constitutional and international (CEDAW) 174, 176–7, 178, 188 protection of human rights, Committee on the Elimination of integration movement 159–64 Racial Discrimination (CERD) abstract preference 160, 161, 162, 74, 75, 81–2, 177, 188 164

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constitutionally protected interests lack of awareness of treaty 107, 160–63 109 Germany 160–62 municipalities and local human dignity protection 160 renegotiation 97–8, 99, 103 national identity protection 160–62 and national renegotiation 94–7, 99, subsidiarity principle 153, 154, 108 159 NGO involvement 101 consultation rights, indigenous organizational supporters 101–4 peoples’ land rights 80, 83, 84 Participation Law 102 context-dependent interpretation, potential individual users with international criminal law active interest 104–6 pluralism 54–7 users’ perspective 100–109 contextualization, smart human rights integration see smart human Coomans, F 13 rights integration, fragmentation Coudreau, H 66 case, contextualization Council of Europe 117, 118, 122, Convention Against Torture (CAT) 129, 146, 166–7, 170, 171, 172–3, 178 172–3 Convention on the Rights of the Child see also EU (CRC) 132, 174, 176, 177 ‘counter-limits’ doctrine, assimilation Convention on the Rights of Persons movement 151 with Disabilities (CRPD) 8, Crenshaw, K 127 86–110, 173, 174, 176 criminal law see international criminal accessibility and inclusion rights law pluralism 92–3, 95–9, 102–3, 104, 106, cross-thinking 27–30 108 Cryer, R 13, 46, 50, 54, 58 added value 103, 104–6, 108, 109 Cullen, H 124 civil society actors 90, 97–8, cultural context 101–4 indigenous peoples see indigenous classification of people living with peoples’ land rights disabilities 100 International Covenant on EU regional negotiation and mixed Economic, Social and Cultural agreement 91–3, 99 Rights (ICESCR) 89, 127, 171, global renegotiation of rights 174, 175–6, 180, 184 89–90 smart human rights integration, multilevel renegotiation of human fragmentation case 180–81, rights 88–99 185–6 ‘reasonable accommodation’ standard 93, 94, 95, 96 Damamme, J 91 subjective rights 92–7 David, V 15, 20, 21, 22, 27–8, 29, 30 Szilvia Nyusti, Péter Takács and Davis, H 127–8 Tamás Fazekas v Hungary 92 De Beco, G 90 Convention on the Rights of Persons De Búrca, G 89, 99 with Disabilities (CRPD), De Feyter, K 26–7, 32–3, 137 Netherlands 94–109 De Hert, P 6–7, 22, 36, 39–59 average user 107–9 De Klerk, M 86 Monitor 102 De Pauw, M 22 labour market impact 102, 103 De Schutter, O 124, 188

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Delgrange, X 141 HK Danmark 92 Desmet, E 2, 3, 4, 5, 12–38, 42, 43, Internationale Handelgeselschaft 45, 51, 87, 114, 126, 137 159 Dixon, P 44, 46, 47 Melloni 155 domestic contextualization, and smart Omega 160 human rights integration 184–5 Samira Achbita v G4S Secure see also national identity; state Solutions 162 involvement Sayn-Wittgenstein 161 Donnelly, J 186 Z v A Government Department 92 Dórea, J 65 European Committee of Social Rights Dorneles de Andrade, E 7–8, 29, 123–4, 125, 126–7, 166, 171, 60–85 188 Doyle, C 85 International Federation for Human Dumont, H 154 Rights (FIDH) v Belgium 125 Dupuy, P-M 34 -Europe and duty bearers 3, 5–6, 24, 100, 103, ILGA-Europe v the Czech 110, 150, 173 Republic 124 see also rights holder category European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 181, 183–4 Economic Community of the West assimilation movement 142–3, African States Court of Justice 145–6 166 assimilation movement and margin Habré v Republique du Senegal 58 of appreciation 154 economic contextualization, and assimilation movement, maximum smart human rights integration thresholds 155 179–80 right to private life 124–5 effectiveness focus 30–32 European Court of Human Rights Elliot, P 121 (ECtHR) 2, 166, 183–4, 188 engagement and active involvement accessibility rights for disabled 25–7, 80, 192 persons 93 environmental law and integrated cross-thinking 28 approach 34–5 Eurozone crisis and austerity Equality Law Clinic see under Human measures 180 Rights Integration project margin of appreciation doctrine 185 EU pluralism awareness 15–16 Convention on the Rights of ‘reasonable accommodation’ Persons with Disabilities standard 187 (CRPD) 91–3, 99 ‘slavery or servitude’ interpretation Council of Europe 117, 118, 122, 50 129, 146, 166–7, 170, 171, trans people 116–17, 121–2, 127 172–3 European Court of Human Rights European Disability Strategy 91 (ECtHR), cases EU Court of Justice (CJEU) 166, 188 A, B and C. v Ireland 154, 162 accessibility rights for disabled Anchugov and Gladkov v Russia persons 92–3 159, 163 Bogendorff von Wolfferdoff 161 Animal Defenders International v Glatzel 93 United Kingdom 162

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A.P., Garçon & Nicot v France 116, Faider, C 141 122, 125, 126 Fawcett, J 34 B. v France 116 fragmentation Baka v Hungary 163 human rights as fragmented Belcacemi and Oussar v Belgium landscape 2–4 163–4 and indigenous peoples’ land rights Botta v Italy 173 69–84 Burden v UK 187 and international criminal law Çakici v Turkey 173 pluralism 39–40 Carson v UK 187 smart human rights integration see DH v the Czech Republic 187 smart human rights integration, Ebrahimian v France 162 fragmentation case Goodwin v the UK 116–17 Guberina v Croatia 93 fragmentation and integration Handyside v UK 181, 185 (frintegration) 6–11 Identoba v Georgia 127 users’ central role 11, 12–22 Jorgic´ v Germany 50 Fredman, S 127 Korbely v Hungary 50 future research 17, 31–2 Koufaki and ADEDY v Greece 185 Kulinski and Sabev v Bulgaria 159, Gaakeer, J 66 163 Ganty, S 25, 137 Molka v Poland 173 Gearty, C 157 Otto-Preminger-Institut v Austria identity see trans people rights 181, 185 Gerards, J 144, 145, 146, 180 Parrillo v Italy 162 Gerkrath, J 148 Rantsev v Cyprus and Russia 50 Germany Rees v the UK 117 human dignity protection 160 Rekvényi v Hungary 185 integration movement 160–62 Satakunnan Markkinaporssi and ‘reasonable accommodation’ Satamedia v Finland 163 standard 187–8 Sejdic and Finci v Bosnia and Gilbert, J 69, 85 Herzegovina 159, 163 Gispen, M-E 99 Sunday Times v UK 162 Glaser, B 87 Y.Y. v Turkey 122, 126 Glasius, M 46 Zehnalova and Zehnal v the Czech Goldberg, S 112 Republic 173 Goldschmidt, J 99 European Social Charter 126, 184 good faith states, and smart human Eurozone crisis and austerity rights integration 168–9 measures 180 Goodman, R 116 exclusion movement see constitutional Greenawalt, A 48 and international protection of Greer, S 181 human rights, exclusion Gregg, B 89 movement Grimm, D 140 experimentation, smart human rights Grover, L 44 integration, fragmentation case 186–90, 191 Haas, A 114 Extraordinary African Chambers Hachez, I 93 (EAC) 57–8 Hammarberg, T 117

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harmonisation, indigenous peoples’ intersectionality analytical tool land rights 69–84 15 Heikkila, M 44, 46 issue-based approach 30–31 Helfer, L 31 judicial users category 5, 24, 43, Heuschling, L 148 100 historical contextualization, and smart methodological sophistication human rights integration 179 22–7 Hoefmans, A 89, 90 norms obscured by dominant Holvoet, M 6–7, 22, 36, 39–59 narrative of case 15 Horevoets, C 154 pluralism awareness 15–16, 28–9 Huff, A 71, 73, 74, 75 relational and inclusive case law human dignity protection 160 analysis 15, 20, 21, 29 Human Rights Committee (HRC) 2 relevance beyond human rights law Apirana Mahuika v New Zealand 34–6 73 rewriting approach 16–17, 19, 20, Francis Hopu and Tepoaitu Bessert 32 v France 73 rights claimants category 5, 24, 25, indigenous peoples’ land rights 73, 30, 36, 43 75, 81 rights holder category see rights Länsman v Finland 73 holder category human rights as fragmented landscape rights realisers category 24–5, 36, 2–4 43 human rights as integrated whole selection of human rights users, from users’ perspective, deliberative and random methodological approaches 4–6, 23–4 12–38 shared characteristics, emerging academics as active human rights 27–33 users 5–6 shared characteristics, emerging, agency of rights holders 21 collaborative and intercultural case-based approach to human research 32–3 rights violations 21–2 shared characteristics, emerging, categorization of human rights users cross-thinking 27–30 24–5, 36, 43 shared characteristics, emerging, engagement and active involvement impact and effectiveness focus 25–7 30–32 fragmentation and integration of studying human rights norms in human rights law 29 integrated way 14–20 inclusive perspective, adoption supportive users category 5, 24, methodologies 20–22 25–6, 36, 37, 43, 45 interactions between branches of human rights integration, smart see human rights law 17–20 smart human rights integration interactions between branches of Human Rights Integration project 1 human rights law, beyond Equality Law Clinic, trans people human rights law 34 rights, Belgium 119–24, 125–8, interactions between branches of 129, 132, 137–8 human rights law, three-step trans people rights, Belgium approach and children’s rights 114–15 law 18–19 see also academic input

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human rights users Committee on the Elimination of central role, fragmentation and Racial Discrimination (CERD) integration (frintegration) 11, 74, 75, 81–2 12–22 communal property rights 78–80 concept, international criminal law consultation rights 80, 83, 84 pluralism 42–4 Endorois community, Kenya 76, Global Challenge of Human Rights 82–4 Integration: Towards a Users’ harmonization and integration Perspective 61 81–4 human rights as integrated whole Human Rights Committee (HRC) 73, 75, 81 see human rights as integrated human rights protection agenda whole from users’ perspective, 70 methodological approaches Inter-American Commission on indigenous peoples’ land rights, Human Rights (IACommHR) Munduruku peoples, Brazil 76–80 65–9 International Covenant on Civil and judicial users category 5, 24, 43, Political Rights 72, 73 100 International Labour Organisation perspective, Convention on the (ILO) conventions 75–6, 82 Rights of Persons with legal cross-fertilization 82, 84 Disabilities (CRPD), legal issues, fragmentation to Netherlands 100–109 harmonisation 69–84 supportive users category 5, 24, NGO involvement 77, 78, 79 25–6, 36, 37, 43, 45 qualification as indigenous people, user-dependent interpretation, interpretation of 78–9 international criminal law UN Commission on Human Rights, pluralism 51–4 Working Group on Indigenous Huneeus, A 181 Populations (WGIP) 71 Hunt, D 54 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) identification documents, trans people 60–61, 70, 81–2 UN treaty bodies 71–5 rights 113–14 indigenous peoples’ land rights, inclusion and accessibility rights, Munduruku peoples, Brazil Convention on the Rights of 61–9 Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and Brazilian Constitution 62–3, 92–3, 95–9, 102–3, 104, 106, 64 108 cosmological myth 66 India, right to water and sanitation for demarcation process 63–4 urban slum dwellers 26–7 Estreito (Dajekapap) 68 indigenous peoples’ land rights 7–8, and gold-mining activities 65 29, 60–85 mega-dam project 64–5, 67–8 colonization and uti possidetis Munduruku Letter 66–8 doctrine 69 National Indian Foundation Committee on Economic, Social (FUNAI) 64 and Cultural Rights (CESCR) property and ownership 65–6 71–2, 75, 81 Raposa Serra do Sol 62–3

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sacred places 67–8 International Covenant on Civil and users’ perspective 65–9 Political Rights (ICCPR) 72, 73, Inman, D 7–8, 29, 60–85 89, 171 institutional barriers, trans people International Covenant on Economic, rights 114 Social and Cultural Rights integration (ICESCR) 89, 127, 171, 174, and harmonization, indigenous 175–6, 180, 184 peoples’ land rights 81–4 International Criminal Court (ICC) integrative and collaborative efforts Bemba 53, 55 by users, international criminal Coalition for the International Criminal Court (CICC) 45 law 57–8 Honduras coup d’état 55–7 movement see constitutional and Katanga 53 international protection of Kenya 45, 52 human rights, integration Prosecutor v Bemba 45 movement Prosecutor v Gbagbo 45, 52–3 smart human rights see smart international criminal law pluralism human rights integration 36, 39–59 studying human rights norms in academics 49–50, 52–3 integrated way 14–20 accused 46–7 Inter-American Commission on amicus curiae observations 50, Human Rights (IACommHR) 52–3 76–7, 182 context-dependent interpretation indigenous peoples’ land rights 54–7 76–80 crimes against humanity 52–8 Yanomami v Brazil 77 and fragmentation 39–40 Inter-American Court of Human horizontal and vertical Rights 182, 183 interjurisdictional dimensions Awas Tingni v Nicaragua 78, 84, 41 182 human rights courts and Blake v Guatemala 22 commissions of inquiry 50 factual/case-based approach 21–2 integrative and collaborative efforts by users 57–8 Kichwa Indigenous People of intra-jurisdictional pluralism within Sarayaku v Ecuador 79–80 same institution 42 pluralism awareness 15–16 intrinsic pluralism 40–41, 51–2 Saramaka People v Suriname 78–9, judges 49 83, 84 judicial adversarial identities 41 Sawhoyamaxa Indigenous NGOs 45–6, 55 Community v Paraguay 78 pluralism of normative identities Yakye Axa Indigenous Community v 40–41 Paraguay 78 pluralism of origins 40 interactions between branches of prosecutors 48–9 human rights law 17–20 rights claimants and realisers see international court judgments, rights claimants category; issue-based approach 30–31 rights realisers category International Court of Justice (ICJ), Rome Statute 47, 48, 50, 54–5, 57 Belgium v Senegal 58 self-representation 46–7

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‘slavery or servitude’ interpretation Kollmann, K 118 50 Kortmann, C 144, 152 state involvement 47–8 Koskenniemi, M 167–8 user-dependent interpretation and Koukolo, G 87 pluralism 51–4 Kress, C 49–50 users concept 42–4 Kreutzer, G 50 victims 44–5 International Criminal Tribunal for the labour market impact, Convention on Former Yugoslavia the Rights of Persons with Karadžic´ 47 Disabilities (CRPD), Netherlands Miloševic´ 46–7 102, 103 Perišic´ 42 Lang, R 88, 90 Šainovic´ 42 Langford, M 187 self-representation 46–7 legal certainty and transparency, ‘slavery or servitude’ interpretation assimilation movement 150–52, 50 163, 173 state involvement 47–8 legal cross-fertilization International Federation for Human assimilation movement 143–4, Rights (FIDH) 55, 56, 125 150 International Labour Organization indigenous peoples’ land rights 82, (ILO) 75–6, 82, 166 84 International Law Commission (ILC) legal strategy development, trans 36, 167–8 people rights, Belgium 123–8 interpretative principles and margin of Leopoldi, J 62 appreciation, smart human rights Lienhard, M 67 integration 174, 176, 182–3, 185 lived experiences of human rights intrinsic pluralism, international holders, smart human rights criminal law pluralism 40–41, integration 169 51–2 lobbying, trans people rights, Belgium issue-based approach of international 130–31 court judgments 30–31 Lord, J 90 Luxembourg, assimilation movement Jalloh, C 45 146–8 Jardim de Santa Cruz Oliveira, M 62 judges, international criminal law Madsen, M 181 pluralism 49 Manzoni, M 180 judicial adversarial identities, margin of appreciation doctrine international criminal law European Court of Human Rights pluralism 41 (ECtHR) 154, 185 judicial users category 5, 24, 43, 100 smart human rights integration 182–3, 185 Kanter, A 89 Massey, C 32 Kendall, S 44, 45 Masterman, R 155–6 Kenya, Endorois community, Matiation, S 72 indigenous peoples’ land rights Matsuda, M 15 76, 82–4 Mégret, F 46, 89 Köller, H 149–50 Melish, T 90

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204 Fragmentation and integration in human rights law

Merry, S 28, 122, 126, 187 see also civil society Mezey, S 123 Nisol, M 132–3 migrant rights 25, 31–2, 36 non-discrimination, and trans people Milanovic, M 56 rights 116, 127–8, 137 modernisation dimension, assimilation Nouwen, S 44, 45 movement 153–5 monitoring bodies, added value of, Obermeier, F 67 and smart human rights O’Cinneide, C 156 integration 175–8, 187, 192 Oomen, B 8, 23, 26, 28, 29, 86–110, Moore, S 28, 88 137, 144, 146, 188, 193 Morand, C-A 160 Ouald-Chaib, S 1–11 Morel, C 82–3 Mortier, F 21 Palombino, F 151, 159 Motmans, J 114, 116, 121 Papaioannou, M 85 multilevel renegotiation of human Paternotte, D 116 rights, Convention on the Rights Pentassuglia, G 65 of Persons with Disabilities persons with disability see (CRPD) 88–99 Convention on the Rights of Munduruku, D 67 Persons with Disabilities municipalities and local renegotiation, (CRPD) Convention on the Rights of pluralism Persons with Disabilities awareness 15–16, 28–9 (CRPD), Netherlands 97–8, 99, international criminal law see 103 international criminal law Murphy, J 83 pluralism political contextualization, and smart national identity protection, human rights integration 180 integration movement 160–62 Popelier, P 140, 155 see also domestic contextualization; Powderly, J 49 state involvement prosecutor role, international criminal Netherlands law pluralism 48–9 assimilation movement 144–6 Balkenende IV agreement 144–5 Quénivet, N 34 disabled persons see Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), Ramos, A 62 Netherlands Randall, M 149 human rights cities 26 ‘reasonable accommodation’ standard Neuman, G 77, 183–4 Convention on the Rights of NGO involvement 8, 25, 27, 36 Persons with Disabilities Convention on the Rights of (CRPD) 93, 94, 95, 96 Persons with Disabilities smart human rights integration, (CRPD), Netherlands 101 fragmentation case 187–8 indigenous peoples’ land rights 77, regional contextualization, and smart 78, 79 human rights integration 181–4 international criminal law pluralism relational and inclusive case law 43, 45–6, 55, 56 analysis 15, 20, 21, 29

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remedies fragmentation, smart shared characteristics see under human rights integration 166, human rights as integrated whole 183, 188 from users’ perspective, rewriting approach 16–17, 19, 20, 32 methodological approaches Reydams, L 48 Simon, C 120 right to health, trans people rights Simons, M 51 126 ‘slavery or servitude’ interpretation, right to private life, trans people rights European Court of Human 124–5 Rights (ECtHR) 50 rights claimants category 5, 24, 25, smart human rights integration 30, 36, 43 165–93 rights holder category 3, 5–6, 7, 8, 15, global human rights 190–92 20–22, 24, 35, 87, 88, 100, 103, global human rights, procedural 150 way forward 191–2 smart human rights integration interpretative principles and margin 168–9, 171–2, 173, 185, 186, of appreciation 182–3, 185 188, 189, 191 remedies fragmentation 166, 183, see also duty bearers 188 rights realisers category 24–5, 36, 43 rights holder category 168–9, Rijke, N 87 171–2, 173, 185, 186, 188, Rizcallah, C 155 189, 191 Robinson, D 44, 45, 53 smart human rights integration, Rodríguez-Pinero, L 75 fragmentation case 169–90 Roht-Arriaza, N 49 beneficial side-effects 186–90 Rome Statute, international criminal experimentation 186–8, 191 law pluralism 47, 48, 50, 54–5, experimentation and choice 189–90 57 human rights law 165–7 Rorive, I 8–9, 26, 28, 29, 93, 111–38, ‘reasonable accommodation’ 188, 189 standard 187–8 Rosoux, G 143–4, 158 strategic case 188–90 Russian Federation, exclusion smart human rights integration, movement 157–8 fragmentation case, contextualization 178–86, 188–9, Salih, S 133 190 San Giorgi, M 169 cultural context 180–81, 185–6 Sant’Ana, M 124 domestic 184–5 Schabas, W 48 economic 179–80 Scharf, M 47 historical 179 Scheingold, S 116 human rights integration 185–6 Scherer, G 64 interpretative principles and margin Schmitt, P 146 of appreciation 182–3, 185 Seckinelgin, H 116 political 180 self-determination principle, trans regional 181–4 people rights, Belgium 131, regional, setting critical level of 133–6 human rights realization below self-representation, international which there is a violation criminal law pluralism 46–7 183–4

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206 Fragmentation and integration in human rights law

smart human rights integration, integration, fragmentation case, fragmentation case, specialization specialization 4, 18, 170–78, Staes, D 22–3, 25, 28, 91, 192 188–9, 190 Stahn, C 40 added value of specialized texts state involvement 172–5 international criminal law pluralism categorical logic 170–71 47–8 explicit naming of human rights smart human rights integration violation 173–4 168–9, 174, 175–6 human rights integration 177–8 see also domestic contextualization; monitoring bodies, added value of national identity protection 175–8, 187, 192 Steinmetz, K 112 monitoring bodies, new rights or sterilization issues, trans people rights new formulations of 121–2, 124, 126, 132 (sub-)rights 176–7 strategic choice, smart human rights principles that apply across state integration 188–90 obligations in specialized field Strauss, A 87 174, 175–6 Struett, M 46 rules of interpretation 174, 176 Stuart, H 51 target group logic 169, 171–3, 175, subsidiarity principle, integration 176–7 movement 153, 154, 159 thematic or topical logic 171, supportive users category 5, 24, 25–6, 172–4 36, 37, 43, 45 smart human rights integration, Swepston, L 75 increased integration, case for Switzerland, assimilation movement 167–9 149–50, 152–3 good faith states 168–9 indivisibility and interdependence target group logic, smart human rights of human rights 2, 169 integration 169, 171–3, 175, lived experiences of human rights 176–7 holders 169 Taub, B 57 states’ perspective 168–9 Tenove, C 44, 46, 47 Smis, S 7–8, 29, 60–85 terminology Smith, R 17 appropriate and respectful, trans Smits, J 86 people rights, Belgium 132–3 Soares, S 44, 50 , trans people rights social claims of trans people, 127 understanding 121–2 thematic or topical logic, smart human social exclusion, trans people rights rights integration 171, 172–4 113–14, 115, 119–20, 124, 125, Thornberry, P 76 126–7, 136 three-step approach and children’s South African Constitution, historical rights law 18–19, 21 contextualization 179 Tinière, R 162 Spade, D 112 Torres, M 64 Spano, R 162 Tramontana, E 77, 78 specialization, and smart human rights trans people rights 8–9, 26, 28, 29, see smart human rights 111–38

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Index 207

civil society and legal mobilization transparency and legal certainty, effects 117–18, 128 assimilation movement 150–52, diversity of trans people 121, 134 163, 173 gender identity terminology use Travers, M 12 127 Truth and Reconciliation identification documents 113–14 Commissions 22, 179 institutional barriers 114 Tulkens, F 188 and non-discrimination 116, 127–8, 137 UK, exclusion movement 156–7 right to health 126 UN Commission on Human Rights, right to private life 124–5 Working Group on Indigenous social claims of trans people Populations (WGIP) 71 121–2 UN Committee on the Elimination of social exclusion 113–14, 115, Discrimination against Women 119–20, 124, 125, 126–7, 136 17 social issues and legal translation UN Committee on the Elimination of 122–3, 124, 126 Racial Discrimination 17 sterilization issues 121–2, 124, 126, UN Declaration on the Rights of 132 Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) supranational level 116–18 60–61, 70, 81–2 112–13 unveiling process, assimilation 117, 128, movement 150–53 130 uti possidetis doctrine and trans people rights, Belgium 128–38 colonization, indigenous peoples’ appropriate and respectful land rights 69 terminology 132–3 changing registered sex on birth Van den Berg, E 23, 26, 97 certificates and medical criteria Van den Herik, L 40 119–21, 126–7, 135–7 Van der Noot, O 9–10, 29–30, comprehensive legal framework 139–64, 184 Van der Ros, J 116 136–8 Van Drooghenbroeck, S 9–10, 29–30, Genres pluriels (Plural ) 139–64, 184 group 120–21, 123–4, 125–8, Van Sliedregt, E 40, 41 132–3 Vanheule, D 36 Human Rights Integration project Vasiliev, S 40, 41 114–15 Velaers, J 141, 142 Human Rights Integration project, Verdonck, L 21, 179 Equality Law Clinic 119–24, Verdussen, M 142, 143 125–8, 129, 132, 137–8 victims, international criminal law joint political lobbying 130–31 pluralism 44–5 legal strategy development 123–8 Vidal, J 64 participatory process 129–30 Vienna Convention on the Law of self-determination principle 131, Treaties 47–8, 158, 167 133–6 voice of trans people in parliament Waddington, L 91 131–8 Waites, M 118

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208 Fragmentation and integration in human rights law

Ward, T 72 Xanthaki, A 75 Weiler, J 152 Weisberg, R 65–6 Yogyakarta Principles, trans people White, J 65 rights 117, 128, 130 Whiting, A 57 Wiessner, S 82 Wildhaber, L 146, 153 Zeegers, K 34

Eva Brems and Saïla Ouald-Chaib - 9781788113922 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 10/01/2021 12:48:48AM via free access

Columns Design XML Ltd / Job: Brems-Fragmentation_and_integration_in_human_rights / Division: Index /Pg. Position: 14 / Date: 17/9