Tagore Vidhya Pith HS School
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Tagore Vidhya Pith H. S. School Study Material:- 2020–21 Class:-11th Subject:- Informatics Practices . Chapter:- 1 Basic Concept Of Computer System Very Short Answer Type Questions Q1) What is a Computer System? Ans- Computer System – The term Computer is derived from the Latin term 'Computare', this means to calculate or programmable machine. Computer can not do anything without a program. It represents the decimal numbers through a string of binary digits. Q2) Define the Output Unit. Ans- Output Unit – Once the CPU is done processing the data, it often needs to output a result. A standard, output device is the computer monitor, which displays text, images and user interface elements by lighting up thousands of pixels with different colours. Q3) What is a Port? Ans- Computer Port – A Computer Port is an interface or a point of connection between the computer and its peripheral devices. Some of the common peripherals are mouse, keyboard, monitor or display unit, printer, speaker, flash drive etc. The main function of a computer port is to act as a point of attachment, where the cable from the peripheral can be plugged in and allows data to flow from and to the device. Short Answer Type Questions Q1) What is Memory? Ans- Memory – A memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store data and instructions. Computer memory is the storage space in the computer, where data is to be processed and instructions required for processing are stored. The memory is devided into large number of small parts called cells. Each location or cell has a unique address, which varies from zero to memory size minus one. For example, if the computer has 64k words, then this memory unit has 64 × 1024 = 65536 memory locations. Q2) What is RAM? Explain its types. Ans- RAM – Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of data storage used in computers that is generally located on the motherboard. This type of memory is volatile and all information that was stored in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off. Volatile memory is temporary memory while ROM is non-volatile and holds data permanently when the power is turned off. Types of RAM – 1) Dynamic RAM – Static RAM (SRAM) is volatile memory and is often used in cache memory and registers because it is a lot faster and does not require refreshing like Dynamic RAM. SRAM retains information and is able to operate at higher speeds than DRAM. Because DRAM is a lot cheaper than SRAM. www.tagorevidhyapith.com Tagore Vidhya Pith H. S. School 2) Static RAM – Dynamic RAM is memory that needs refreshing. The refreshing is done by the memory controller which is part of the chipset on the motherboard. Static RAM (SRAM) does not need refreshing and is used in memory cache on the Central Processing Unit (CPU); it is called L1, L2 and L3 cache. Q3) Name the different Input Devices. Ans- Various Input Devices are : 1) Keyboard 2) Mouse 3) Scanners 4) Track Ball 5) Light Pen 6) Joystick 7) MICR 8) Touch Screen 9) OMR 10) Card Readers Q4) Explain Primary Memory. Ans- Primary Memory – Primary memory holds only those data and instructions on which the computer is currently working. It has a limited capacity and data is lost when power is switched off. It is generally made up of semi-conductor device. These memories are not as fast as registers. The data and instruction required to be processed resides in the main memory. It is divided into two subcategories RAM and ROM. Long Answer Type Questions Q1) Write difference between SRAM and DRAM. Ans- SRAM DRAM 1. Its full name is Static RAM. 1. Its full name is Dynamic RAM. 2. It is famous as SRAM. 2. It is famous as DRAM. 3. There is no need to refresh again & again. 3. It is necessary to refresh after a while. 4. It is very expensive. 4. It is quite affordable in price. 5. It needs more electricity. 5. Need less electricity against other memory. 6. This memory wait-state. 6. This memory are not wait-state. 7. These are used as data storage. 7. It is used as a cache memory. Q2) What is CPU? Explain the types of CPU. Ans- CPU – The central processing unit comes in action when the input has been recorded through input unit. The central processing unit is responsible for actual processing of inputs to generate the output. The CPU is considered as the brain of the computer. It is also called as Microprocessor. The CPU of a computer is the device on which the speed and efficiency of the computer mainly depends on. The CPU is divided into two units:– 1) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) – The arithmetic and logical unit is the part of CPU where actual computation is performed. It is the place where all the arithmetical calculations and logical comparisons are performed. The arithmetical calculations involve the use of basic arithmetic operations like addition and subtractions. 2) Control Unit (CU) – The control unit acts as supervisor on the working of ALU. At a time, there are many programs to be executed by CPU. They must be executed in a proper sequence. This sequence is decided by CU. It also co-ordinates the functioning of various input – output devices attached to computer. www.tagorevidhyapith.com Tagore Vidhya Pith H. S. School Q3) Name different types of Ports. Explain any two. Ans- Types of Computer Ports – 1) Serial Port 2) USB Port 3) DVI Port 4) Firewire Port 5) Parallel Port 6) VGA Port 7) Game Port 8) Power Connectro Port 9) Sockets 10) Modem Port 1) Serial Port – Used for external modem and old computer mouse. 2) Parallel Port – Used for scanners and printers. Q4) What is ROM and its types? Ans- ROM – Read-Only Memory (ROM) is a type of storage medium that permanently stores data on personal computer (PCs) and other electronic devices. It contains the programming needed to start a PC, which is essential for boot-up; it performs major input/output tasks and holds programs or software instructions. Because ROM is read-only, it cannot be changed; it is permanent and non-volatile, meaning it also holds its memory even when power is removed. 1) PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) – Short for programmable read–only memory, a memory chip on which data can be written only once. Once a program has been written onto a PROM, it remains there forever. Unlike RAM, PROMs retain their contents when the computer is turned off. 2) EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) – Acronym for erasable programmable read–only memory and pronounced e-prom, EPROM is a special type of memory that retains its contents until it is exposed to ultraviolet light. To write to and erase an EPROM, you need a special device called a PROM programmer or PROM burner. 3) EEPROM (Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) – Short form of electrically erasable programmable read–only memory. EEPROM is a special type of PROM that can be erased by exposing it to an electrical charge. Like other types of PROM, EEPROM retains its contents even when the power is turned off. www.tagorevidhyapith.com .