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The Radiochemistry of Barium, Calcium, and Strontium

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The Radiochemistry of Barium, Calcium, and Strontium National Academy v of Sciences NationalI ‘Research ~~Council Ii NUCLEAR SCIENCE SERIES The kadiochemistry of Barium, Calcium, and Strontium COMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE L. F. CURTISS, Chdrmun ROBLEY D. EVANS, ViceChuirman NationalBureau ofStadards MassachusettsInetltuteofTechnology J.A. D8JUREN, Secretury Wedlnghouse EleotticCor~ratlon H. J. CURTIS G. G. MANOV BrookhavenNationalLahoratmy Tracerlab,Inc. SAMUEL EPSTELN W. WAYNE MELNKE CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology Udver6i@ ofMichigan HERBERT GOLDSTEIN A. H. SNELL NuclearDevelopmentCorporationof Oak Rklge NationalLaboratory America E. A. UEHLING H. J.GOMBERG UniversityofWashington Udvereity ofMichigan D. M. VAN PATTER E. D. KLEMA BartolReeearch Foundation NorthwesternUniversity ROBERT L. PLATZMAN Argonne NationalLaboratory LIAISON MEMBERS PAUL C. AEBERSOLD W. D. URRY Atomic Energy Commiaaion U. S.Alr Force J. HOWARD McMILLEN WILLIAM E. WRIGHT NationalScienceFoundation OfficeofNaval Research SUBCOMMITTEE ON RADIOCHEMISTRY W. WAYNE MEINKE, CMuirmun EARL HYDE UnlversltyofMichigan Univerd@ ofCalifornia(Berkeley) NATHAN BALLOU HAROLD HIRBY Navy RadlologlcalDefenseLaboratory Mound Laboratory GREGORY R. CHOPPIN GEORGE LEDDICOTTE FloridaStateUniveretty Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory GEORGE A. COWAN ELLIS P. STEINBERG Loe Alamos SclentiflcLaboratory Argonne NationalLaboratory ARTHUR W. FAIRHALL PETER C. STEVENSON UniversityofWaahbgton UnivereltyofC allfomia(Livermore) HARMON FINSTON LEO YAFFE BrookhavenNationalLaboratory McGU1 Unlverslty The Radiochemistry of Barium, Calcium, and Strontium By D. N. SUNDERMAN and C. W. TOWNLEY Battelle Menzoyial Institute Columbus, Ohio January 1960 Subcommittee on Radiochemistry National Academy of Sciences—National Research Council PrintedInUSA. Price$1.25.AvailablefromtheOfficeofTeebnical Services.DepartmentofCommerce,Washington26,D. C. FOREWORD TIM subc~ttae on Radioohemiatryin one of a number of ●dJ- comitteeu working umder the ~ttee on Nuclear Science within the National Academy of Science- - National Research Oouncil. Its mmberm represent governwnt, industrial,and umiveroitylaboratoriesin the aream of nuclear ckmiatry and analyticalchamimtry. The Subc-ttee has cOncerned iteelf with those areas of nuclear science which Involve the chemist, uuch am the collection amd dimtribntion of radiockmical pmnxdures, the edablia-nt of apcif icationa for radiochemicallypure reagents, the problems of stockpilingumcontamimated materials, the availabilityof cyclotron time for service irradiation, the plaoe of radiochemit3tryin the undergraduatecollege program, eto. TIME series of mnographn has grown out of the need for up-to-date compilationsof radiochemiaal information and procedureE. w subcommittee has endeavored to present a series which will be of maximm use h the working ecientiat amd which contains tb latent available information. Each monog=ph collects Im one volume the ~rtiment informationfiquired for radiochemicalwork with am individualelement or a group of closely related elements. An expert in the radiochemistryof the pnrticulerelmnt has written tJu3monograph, followinga standard format developedby the Subctittee. ~ A-c Energy CumiEmion ham ~ red the printing of tim series. iii The Subcommitteeis confident these publicationswill be useful not only to the radiochemistbut also to the research worker in other fields such as physics, biochemistryor medicine who wishes to use radiochemical techniquesto solve a specific problem. W. Wayne Meinke, Chairman Subcommitteeon RadioChemistry iv CONTENTS I. General Reviews of the Inorganicand Amlytical Chemistry of Barium, Calcium, and Strontium 1 11. General Reviews of the Radiochemistryof Barium, Calcium, and Strontium 1 III. Table of Isotopes of Barium, Calcium, and Strontium 1 IV. Review of Those Features of Barium, Calcium, and StrontiumChemistry of Chief Interest to Radiochemists- 4 1. Metallic barium, calcium, and strontium 4 2. Soluble salts of barium, calcium, and strontiun 4 3. Insoluble salts of barium, calcium,and strontiumand precipitation and coprecipitationcharacteristicsof barium, calcium, and strontium. 4 4. Chelate complexes of barium, calcium,and strontium 11 5. Extraction of the Thenoyl Trifluoroacetone(TTA) Complexes of barium, calcium,and strontium into organic solvents 14 6. Extraction of barium, calcium,and strontium into organic solvents 15 7. Ion exchange behavior of barium, calcium, and strontium 16 v. Dissolutionof MaterialsContaining Barium, Calcium, and Strontium 20 VI. RadioassayTechniques for Barium, Calcium, and Strontium 22 VII. Collection of &tailed RadiochemicalProcedures for Barium, Calcium, and Strontium. 29 v INTRODUCTION l?hisvolume which deals with the radiochemistryof barium, calcium, and strontium is one of a series of monographson radlochemistryof the elements. There is included a review of the nuclear and chemical features of particular interest to the radiochemist,a discussionof problems of dissolutionof a sample and counting techniques;and finally, a collection of radiochemicalprocedures for the elements as found in the literature. The series of monographswill cover all elements for which radio- chemical proceduresare pertinent. Plans include revision of the monograph periodicallyas new techniquesand procedureswarrent. The reader is thereforeencouraged to call to the attentionof the author any published or unpublishedmaterial on the radiochemistryof barium, calcium, and strontiumwhich might be included in a revised version of the monograph. vi I. GENRRAL REVIEWS OF THE INORGANICAND JWWTICAL CWEWIISTRYOF PARIUM, CALCIUM,ANO STRONTIUM Pp. 259-269 in Vol. I and pp. 211)J-2~J.iin Vol. II of’“Analytical Chemist&, F. P. Treadwell,tr. and rev. ~ William T. Hall, John Wiley snd Sons, Inc., New York, ninth edition, 1937. Chapter 40, pp. 611-631 in ‘Applied InorganicAnalysisa, W. F. Hillebrand,G. E. F. Lundell, H. A. &ight, and J. 1. HofiMan,Wiley, New York, second edition, 1953. Pp. 398-4.1.3 in”prescott and Johnson’s Walitative Cheud.cad Analysisa, R. K. McAlpine and B. A. Soule, Van Nostrand, New Xork, 1933. Chapter 19, pp. 845-867 in ‘InorganicGhemi.str#,T. Moeller, John ldileyand SonS, he., New York, 19S2. Pp. 117-136, 205-217, and 899-902 inVol. Xof ’Scott’s Standard Methods of ChemicalAnalysiss, N. H. Furman, Van Nostrand, Neu York, 1939. II. GENERAL RRVIEWS OF THE IUiDIOCHEMISTRYOF EARIUM, CALCIUM, AND STRONTIUN ‘Evaluationof RadiochemicalSeparationProceduress,lDuane N. Surxiermamandll. Wayne Neinke, Analytical Chemietry~, 1.578,November1957. ‘The.Developmentand Evaluation of RadiochemicalSeparation Procedures for Barium,Calcium, Strontium,Silver, amd LndiunF, Duane N. Suderman, AECU-31S9, Fehruary19!56. III. TAELE OF ISOTOPES OF PARIUM, CALCIUM, AND STROX1’lUNi Pri.mry Radiations Isotope Half Life Method ofpre paration ca38 0.66 sec. 3.5 Mev ca39 1.0 sec. ~’ 6.1 k#V (none) Cab” + gaama rays Caho Stable-%.97$ Cahl 1.1X l&. m (loo%) (none) !3a404 ~~t- Cahz Stable - o.6& 13a43 Stable -0 .W% III. TARLE (CONTlNU131) PrimaryRadiations Type of Decay ammaw s Method—of Preparation Isotope Half.——Life——.—.. ....—. _—_. — — ~abll Stable -2 .06% Cab .+ne~+jro~ ca45 l& days & 0.254 (1OO%) (none) ca46 Stable -0 .0033% 1.94 (17%) Cab? 4.7 days #- 0.66 (83%) Ga48 stable -0.185$ .07 89$ 2.1 (89%) ca48 + ~eutrom ca49 8.8 min. .04 :0 &# 1.0 (llx) W●7 .) S=81 29 min. Rb85 (p, $n) Sr82 25,5 days EC Rb85 (p, k) 1.15 0.040 Daughter ofY83 #3 34 hrs, #l?’ 0.0714 0.101 :::2$ Sr84 Stable - 0.56% S.85m 0.225 8 % #4 + neatrons 70 min. 0.1!50[H1 % Sr85 6L days 0.513 (100%) S44 +neutrons @6 Stable -9.86 % S=87= 2.9 MS. IT (loo%) 0.388 S# 4 meutrons S=87 Stable -7 .02% S=88 Stable - 82.56% Sr89m - 10 days IT Sr88 + neutrons, Sr89 Q days ~- 1.462 (99$) 0.913 89m (from~’ol. fission product . & S=9U 28 yl?S. s~91 9.7 hrs. Sr% 2.6 hX’S. Fission product 5r93 8.2 min. @- Fission producb 5y94 1.3 m. P- #@- sr95 z 0.7 min. Fission product Sr97 short P- Fission product 2 III. TAIIJ3(CONTN~) PrimQry Radiations &thcd of Preparation ~126 97 min. EC ~127 12 min. P“ ~128 2.4 days EC CS133 (p, 6n) @29 2.45 ht%+. ~“ 1.6 CS133 (p, gn) ~130 Stable -0.13$ ~131 11.$ daya Eo (1OO7J Ea130 + neutrons ~132 Stable - 0.19$ &1331u 38.9 hlYS. IT (100%) E?a132 J* neutrons =133 7.2 p3. IX (100$) Ea132 + neutrons %134 Stable - 2.60$ ~13~m 28.7 hR3. IT (100j) al% Stable - 6.7% E#36 Static - 8.1% ~137m 2.6 min. IT (100%) 0.642 B3136 + neutro daughter of Cs@~ &p37 StaliLe - 11.9% ~138 Stame - 7004~ %139 84 min. 0.163 Ba138 + neutrons, fission product -1.0 (75%) pJ40 12.80 days Fission product P &o.1+ (25%) ~lkl 18 min. @- 2.8 Fission product #2 6 min. @- Fission product fl#3 40.5 min. (3- Fission prcducb ~11111 Short K3- Fission produc% For more complete informationof the radiations of the isotopes of calcium, strontium,and barium and for referencesto the originalliterature,see *Tatileof Isotopesw,D. Strominger,J. M. Hollander,and G. T. Seaborg,Reviews of Modern physics,~, NO. 2, Part II, April 1958. 3 IV● REVIEWOF THOSE FEATURES OF BARIUM,,CALCIUM, AND STRONTIUM CKEMIS7!KI OF CHIEF INTEREST TO RLDIOCHEMISTS 1. Metallic Earium, Calcium, and Strontium Wium, calcium, ati strontiumare atrmg reducingagents ad are prepared eit~r by electrolyticor thernml -m in the absence of moisture. Mthoda used for this purpose ticlude the electxolyaisof the . fused chlorides,heating the oxides with al~ in a vacuum furnace,and electrolysisof an aqueous solutionwith a mrcury cathcdetith subsequent h6athg of the uercury amalgram in hydrogen to drive off the mrcury. Barium, Calcium,and atxontium* very ~active and are readily oxidized in air to the plus
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