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National Recovery Plan for the Strzelecki Gum Eucalyptus Strzeleckii

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National Recovery Plan for the Strzelecki Gum Eucalyptus Strzeleckii National Recovery Plan for the Strzelecki Gum Eucalyptus strzeleckii Oberon Carter Prepared by Oberon Carter (Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria). Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) Melbourne, November 2006. © State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2006 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Authorised by the Victorian Government, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne. ISBN 1 74152 209 9 This is a Recovery Plan prepared under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, with the assistance of funding provided by the Australian Government. This Recovery Plan has been developed with the involvement and cooperation of a range of stakeholders, but individual stakeholders have not necessarily committed to undertaking specific actions. The attainment of objectives and the provision of funds may be subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved. Proposed actions may be subject to modification over the life of the plan due to changes in knowledge. Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence that may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. An electronic version of this document is available on the DSE website www.dse.vic.gov.au For more information contact the DSE Customer Service Centre 136 186 Citation: Carter, O. 2006. National Recovery Plan for the Strzelecki Gum Eucalyptus strzeleckii. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Melbourne. Cover Photograph: Strzelecki Gum Eucalyptus strzeleckii along a roadside near Leongatha, by Oberon Carter. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY..........................................................................................................3 SPECIES INFORMATION ..................................................................................3 Description 3 Distribution 3 Population Information 3 Habitat 5 THREATS...........................................................................................................5 RECOVERY INFORMATION..............................................................................6 Overall Objective 6 Program Implementation 6 Program Evaluation 7 Recovery Actions and Performance Criteria 8 Management Practices 11 Affected Interests 11 Role and interests of indigenous people 11 Benefits to other species/ecological communities 12 Social and economic impacts 12 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................12 BIBLIOGRAPHY...............................................................................................12 PRIORITY, FEASIBILITY AND ESTIMATED COSTS OF RECOVERY ACTIONS..........................................................................................................13 FIGURES Figure 1. Distribution of Eucalyptus strzeleckii in Victoria.........................................................3 2 Summary The Strzelecki Gum Eucalyptus strzeleckii is listed as Vulnerable under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and as Threatened under the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988. The species is endemic to the Strzeleckii Ranges in the South and West Gippsland region of Victoria, where there are between 5,000– 15,000 individuals remaining in up to 50 wild populations. Major threats include grazing, weed invasion, clearing and altered hydrology. This national Recovery Plan for E. strzeleckii details the species’ distribution and biology, conservation status, threats, and recovery objectives and actions necessary to ensure its long-term survival. Species Information Description The Strzelecki Gum Eucalyptus strzeleckii is a forest swamp gum tree growing to 30m tall (rarely to 40 m) with smooth white bark and red-brown mottling. Immature trees have a stocking of grey-brown sub-fibrous bark, and rough, fissured bark may persist on the lower trunk of older trees. Seedling leaves are ovate to elliptical, decussate, shortly petiolate and slightly impressed. Juvenile leaves are ovate, petiolate, to 14 mm x 8 cm, glossy green, darker on one side, and alternate. Adult leaves are lanceolate to ovate, asymmetric, to 15 cm x 25 mm, alternate and glossy green. New growth is distinctively blue-green and lightly or conspicuously waxy. Buds are slightly ovoid, to 8 mm x 4 mm, on short pedicels, usually in clusters of seven on a broad peduncle. The operculum is domed and tapers to a point. Fruits are a short wineglass-shape (broader than long), to 7 mm x 6mm, on short pedicels, with 3–4 valves at the rim level (description from Rule 1992). Little is known of the biology or ecology of the Strzelecki Gum, and in particular cues for germination and conditions required for establishment remain unknown. Distribution Eucalyptus strzeleckii occurs across the western section of the Strzeleckii Ranges in the South and West Gippsland region of Victoria (Rule 1992) in the South East Coastal Plain and South Eastern Highlands IBRA Bioregions (DEH 2000). Its range extends at least as far north as Neerim South (north of Warragul), south to Foster and possibly Wilsons Promontory, west to the east coast of Westernport Bay (isolated individual stands near the mouth of the Bass River) and east to Yarram (where individuals may take on a more stunted habit; S. Taylor, DSE, pers comm.). Historically, Eucalyptus strzeleckii is likely to have occurred across much of the Strzeleckii Ranges, which were heavily timbered in the early 20th century (Rule 1992). Figure 1. Distribution of Eucalyptus strzeleckii in Victoria Population Information There may be as many as 50 populations E. strzeleckii still existing throughout its range, although there are many single, isolated trees or very small groups still dotted across the landscape. Census data from selected populations in 1998 produced a count of 3,322–4,517 individuals. When other sites containing very small populations or single trees are included, the 3 total population is estimated to be 5,000–15,000 plants. In addition, groups such as Greening Australia and local LandCare groups are using E. strzeleckii. in revegetation programs. Significant populations of E. strzeleckii occur in the following locations: Roadsides • Bena North – Bass Valley Road (1145 individuals). • Hawkey Rd (501–1000 individuals inc. >100 suckers or immature individuals). • Koonwarra-Tarwin River Crossing (115 individuals, inc. 42 suckers or immature individuals). Private Land • Coal Creek hillside (200–300 individuals in 2002, O. Carter unpubl.). • Horseshoe Gully (~50 individuals, H. Parsons pers. comm). Some revegetation with Eucalyptus strzeleckii is planned in an area of this gully, to be carried out by Camp Hill Landcare Group. Rail Reserves • Boolarra Rail Trail. This is probably the most weed-free, structurally intact patch of vegetation containing E. strzeleckii (John Davies, DPI, pers. comm), although the population size is not known. Other populations occur in the following locations: Private Land • Bena East – Sullivan’s Rd • West Bena – Odger’s Block • North Ranceby – McKinnon Block • Riversides (council jurisdiction) Koonwarra – Tarwin River Crossing Roadsides (council jurisdiction) • Labertouche Rd Crossing – Tarago River • Hawkey Rd • Lardner North • Trafalgar – Sunny Creek Rd • Berry Creek – Fosters Rd Roadsides and Private Land • Bena North – Bass Valley Road • Bena East / Korumburra – Whitelaws Rd • Kardella South – Stephen’s Rd • Port Franklin – Franklin River Bridge East • Mirboo North to Berry Creek Rd – Boorool Rd intersection • Mirboo North to Berry Creek Rd – Moirs Bridge • Mirboo – Mirboo Bridge • Cypress Grove – South Gippsland Highway • Mirboo North – Berry Creek Rd “A” • Wooreen South – Wilkur Creek Bridge – Leongatha to Yarragon Rd • Wooreen South – Leongatha to Yarragon Rd – Bruce’s block Railway Reserves and Private • Ruby – South Gippsland Highway Roadside, Riverside and Private Property • Yarragon – Moe River Rd Private Property and Council Land • Berry Creek – Curtis Block These sites are considered significant populations because they either contain a high number of individuals in a spatial arrangement that is not severely linear, or where there may be some 4 recruitment, or whose condition and geographic position provide the best opportunities for restoration and conservation management. Other important populations no doubt exist, and will be identified as part of implementation of this Recovery Plan. Other site locations within herbarium records, the FIS database, and John Davies & Alison Oates (NRE, unpublished data), are all on unreserved land of undescribed tenure, however notes suggest most sites are on road, rail or riversides and/or on private land. Habitat Eucalyptus strzeleckii is a large forest tree component of Herb-rich Foothill Forest and Gippsland Plains Grassy Woodland Ecological Vegetation Classes (John Davies, DPI, pers. comm) of the Strzelecki Ranges, growing on deep, grey fertile loams in hilly, often wet sites, in areas where annual rainfall often exceeds 1000 mm (Rule 1992). It also occurs on flatter terrain at the edges of the Strzelecki Ranges, where it is largely restricted to
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