Volume 28: 32–40 METAMORPHOSIS ISSN 1018–6490 (PRINT) LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY OF AFRICA ISSN 2307–5031 (ONLINE)

Butterflies of Franklyn Park, and species diversity in the Mariepskop area, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa Published online: 1 December 2017

Sharp, Ian C., Sharp, A. & Sharp, T. P. O. Box 1053, Hoedspruit 1380, South Africa. E-mail : [email protected]

Copyright © Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa

Abstract: The Mariepskop Mountain and its associated forests have been a favourite destination for collectors and researchers alike for many decades. Nestled at the foot of the mountain where the forest gives way to woodland savanna is a haven known as Franklyn Park. The diversity found here was instrumental in investigating the comparative density of areas renowned for butterfly richness. Furthermore, localities in close proximity to Mariepskop where LepiMap submissions were collected combined with species lists from other authors visiting Mariepskop, formed the basis of a species diversity estimate for an area surrounding the mountain.

Key words: Mariepskop, species diversity.

Citation: Sharp, I.C., Sharp, A. & Sharp, T. 2017. of Franklyn Park and species diversity in the Mariepskop area, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Metamorphosis 28: 32–40.

INTRODUCTION forest (Fig. 2) and dense savannah woodland. Much of the property has been modified in the past for An ideal of the authors has always been to start a agriculture in the form of fruit tree orchards (Fig. 3). butterfly house because of our interest in breeding More recently large tracts of virgin bush are butterflies. Larvae were collected during walks in the unfortunately being removed to make way for crop veld and bred through to learn more about which farming. butterflies they were and which host plants are associated with them. We first heard about the South African Butterfly Conservation Assessment initiative in June 2007 and started contributing to this project. In December 2010 that the authors became aware of Franklyn Park, which straddles the Mpumalanga and Limpopo provincial border on portions of the farms Glen Lyden (1850 ha) and Eden (1300 ha), respectively. The farm is located between latitudes 24°31ʹ and 24°35ʹ south and longitudes 31°56ʹ and 31°58ʹ east (Fig. 1). Geographically the farm lies at the south-eastern foot of the Mariepskop massive.

Figure 2 – Base of the rainforest at Franklyn Park

Figure 1 – Location of Franklyn Park, Mpumalanga

The vegetation is represented by southern-slope

Received: 23 September 2017 Published: 1 December 2017

Copyright: This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, send a letter to Creative Commons, Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA, or visit: http://creative Figure 3 – A previously cultivated area of the farm. commons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

Sharp/ Metamorphosis 26: 32–40 33

OBSERVATIONS served up. Probably the best sighting was a group of Emperor Swallowtails (Papilio ophidicephalus On our first visit to the property to meet with the ayresi) mud-puddling along one of the mountain manager to discuss tourism related matters, we were streams. pleasantly surprised by the large numbers and aggregations of butterflies. At a causeway During these initial visits and the many to follow, (subsequently washed away during floods) on the many firsts were seen and photographed for our way to the main entrance gate we became so SABCA endeavours. To date the number of engrossed in the butterfly bounty (Figs 4–5) that a submissions made to SABCA (now LepiMap) for security officer came looking for us when we did not this locality stands at around 685. In Table 1 below report at the gate as expected. are listed the different species that have been identified thus far on the LepiMap Virtual Museum. A date for the first observation is provided and where breeding activity has been recorded, the date is highlighted. Identification of some submissions has not been possible due to lack of clear identifiable characteristics. Even though more species have been observed it has not been possible to obtain photographs for submission to LepiMap.

DISCUSSION

The total number of species listed for Franklyn Park (3150 ha) is 163 (= 0.051746 species/ha) with 47 records of breeding activity. Table 2 provides another 32 additional species records from areas adjacent to Mariepskop that have been submitted to LepiMap by the author. Pringle & Kyle (2002) Figure 4 – Pentila tropicalis tropicalis speculated that northern KwaZulu-Natal is the richest butterfly area in the country. They listed 176 A second visit took us to a dam where, due to a low species for three conservation areas in that region water level as a result of a dam wall breach, there and concluded that 221 species occurred within an were a number of rounded, moist mounds of clayey area of 80000 ha (= 0.0027625 species/ha). soil that are normally submerged. These mounds Considering that 195 species have already been were teeming with numerous butterfly species, recorded just from one source i.e. Sharp I. C. & especially representatives of the lycaenid family. Sharp A. , as part of LepiMap, the Mariepskop area The surrounding open patches of soil attracted may compete strongly for title of ‘richest butterfly hordes of papilionids, including Angolan White diversity’ especially if area size is considered. A Lady’s (Graphium angolanus angolanus), Veined potential champion could be the Lekgalameetse Swordtails (Graphium leonidas leonidas) and Large Nature Reserve as 264 species have been recorded in Striped Swordtails (Graphium antheus), and a large the reserve (Williams & Altenroxel, 2014), which variety of nymphalids and pierids (Fig. 5). covers an area of 18718 ha (= 0.014104 species per ha).

Researchers and collectors have visited this area for many decades and if these records are included the total should exceed 250 species. A data search of LepiMap for species lists could only provide records for the 2430DB quarter-degree square that includes the Mariepskop area. The number of butterfly species according to this list is 249 species. However, Henning (1994) recorded 234 species for Mariepskop and the surrounding woodland areas around the foot of the mountain, including a section of the Blyde River. Other visits to the Mariepskop area also contributed to the species list. Joannou, et

al (1995) listed 78 butterfly species during their visit Figure 5 – thysa thysa mud-puddling at the and Dobson (2005) provided another species for the causeway list. The additional species (72) are also included in Table 2 and, added to the Franklyn Park list and As we walked through the area the butterflies others submitted by the above authors, provide a literally took off in clouds of colour about us. This tally of 267 species. To include all the localities spectacular display was serious soul food for a group listed in Table 2, an area of approximately 18100 ha of novices in the wonderful world of butterflies. The is calculated (= 0.014751 species/ha). All these forest was next on the agenda. Once again an localities are within an average radius of 6 km from awesome display of a different set of butterflies was Mariepskop (closest 5 km and furthest 10 km). Sharp/ Metamorphosis 26: 32–40 34

Furthermore, in a presentation to the Lepidopterists’ allowed us unrestricted visits to Franklyn Park. For Society AGM in 2015, A. J. Coetzer presented a supporting and partaking in all my lepidopteran paper discussing the areas of South Africa madness over more than a decade, a general thank considered to be butterfly ‘hotspots’. A butterfly you to my family, some of who are co-authors. hotspot is defined as an area with high butterfly Special thanks to Allison for assistance with the map species diversity. Using the Quarter Degree (QD) diagrams. The editorial team for their assistance in system as the basis, and by ‘filtering and cleaning’ finalising the manuscript; and André Coetzer for data, comparable results for the hotspot areas was sharing information. And finally to all our friends achieved. With the resultant basic count per QD that have accompanied us on excursions to different Mariepskop (± 62500 ha) topped the list at 287 localities providing assistance with data and species (= 0.004592 species/ha). collection of specimens.

For many decades members of the Lepidopterist’s LITERATURE CITED Society of Africa have visited Mariepskop but have invariably headed for the higher altitudes, not DOBSON, J. 2005. Recent visits to Mariepskop and realizing that a treasure trove of its own awaited at Zululand. Metamorphosis 16(3): 72–73. the foot of the mountain. Some species photographed HENNING, G.A. 1994. Butterflies of the at Franklyn Park were range extensions or Mariepskop area. Metamorphosis 5(4): 162–168. confirmations according to Woodhall (2005) and JOANNOU, J. G., STAUDE, H.S. & WOODHALL, Mecenero et al. (2013). Species so considered S.E. 1995. An annotated list of Lepidoptera included the Spotted Pentila (Pentila tropicalis collected at Mariepskop, South Africa. tropicalis) (Fig. 3), False-dotted Border (Belenois Metamorphosis 6(2): 57–66. thysa thysa) (Fig. 4), Streaked Sailer (Neptis MECENERO, S., BALL, J.B., EDGE, D.A., goochii), False Wanderer (Pseudacraea eurytus HAMER, M.L., HENNING, G.A., KRÜGER, imitator), Zulu Shade-fly (Coenyra hebe) and Topaz M., PRINGLE, E.L., TERBLANCHE, R.F. & Arab (Colotis calais calais). WILLIAMS, M.C. (eds). 2013. Conservation assessment of butterflies of South Africa, Lesotho A switch to activities associated with The Great and Swaziland: Red List and atlas. Saftronics Moth Caterpillar-hunt Challenge (a project now (Pty) Ltd., Johannesburg and known as the Caterpillar Rearing Group) and the Demographic Unit, Cape Town. prevailing drought have curtailed visits to Franklyn PRINGLE, E. L. & KYLE, R.G. 2002. Checklists of Park, where the initial main interest was collecting the butterflies of the Ndumo, Tembe and Kosi photographic records for LepiMap. Additional Bay Nature Reserves, KwaZulu-Natal, South records have been few since 2013 as larvae searches Africa. Metamorphosis 13(1):18–27. took precedence. The bountiful 2010/2011 season WILLIAMS, M.C. & ALTENROXEL, B. 2014. The has not since been repeated. We now look forward to butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of another great butterfly (and caterpillar) season when Lekgalameetse Provincial Park, Limpopo and if the rains return to the Lowveld. Province, South Africa. Metamorphosis 25: 126– 137. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS WOODHALL, S. 2005. Field guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town. Many landowners have provided access to their land for us to obtain the data used in this manuscript, and particularly Dr Frank Michaelis who has generously

TABLE 1 – BUTTERFLY SPECIES OF FRANKLYN PARK

Species Common name Date Family: Nymphalidae Subfamily: Danainae Danaus chrysippus orientis African Monarch Dec 2010 Amauris niavius dominicanus Friar Apr 2011 Amauris albimaculata albimaculata Layman Friar Mar 2011 Amauris echeria echeria Chief Friar Dec 2010 Subfamily: Satyrinae Melanitis leda Twilight Brown Mar 2011 Bicyclus safitza safitza Common Bush Brown Jan 2011 Bicyclus anynana anynana Squinting Bush Brown Dec 2010 Heteropsis perspicua perspicua Eyed Bush Brown Jan 2011 Paralethe dendrophilus junodi Forest Beauty Apr 2012 Coenyra hebe Zulu Shadefly Dec 2010 Physcaeneura panda Dark-webbed Ringlet Mar 2012 Sharp/ Metamorphosis 26: 32–40 35

Cassionympha cassius Rainforest Brown Feb 2011 Coenyropsis natalii natalii Natal Brown Dec 2010 Ypthima impura paupera Impure Ringlet Mar 2011 Ypthima asterope asterope African Ringlet Dec 2010 Ypthima condamini condamini Condamin’s Ringlet Mar 2011 Subfamily Heliconiinae Acraea aganice aganice Common Wanderer Jan 2011 Acraea natalica Natal Acraea Dec 2010 Acraea caldarena caldarena Black-tipped Acraea Feb 2011 Acraea aglaonice Window Acraea Feb 2011 Acraea acara acara Acara Acraea Dec 2011 Acraea oncaea Dancing Acraea Mar 2011 Telchinia cabira Yellow-banded Acraea Feb 2011 Telchinia esebria Dusky Acraea Jan 2011 Telchinia encedon encedon White-barred Acraea May 2012 Lachnoptera ayresii Blotched Leopard Aug 2013 Phalanta phalantha aethiopica African Leopard Dec 2010 Phalanta eurytis eurytis Forest Leopard Jan 2011 Subfamily Charaxinae Charaxes varanes varanes Pearl Charaxes Oct 2011 Charaxes candiope Green-veined Charaxes Dec 2010 Charaxes jasius saturnus Foxy Charaxes Dec 2010 Charaxes castor flavifasciatus Giant Charaxes Dec 2010 Charaxes brutus natalensis White-barred Charaxes Dec 2010 Charaxes druceanus druceanus Silver-barred Charaxes Apr 2012 Charaxes xiphares draconis Mpumalanga Forest King Charaxes Dec 2010 Charaxes jahlusa rex Pearl-spotted Charaxes Jan 2011 Charaxes achaemenes achaemenes Bushveld Charaxes Dec 2010 Charaxes ethalion ethalion Satyr Charaxes May 2012 Charaxes phaeus Demon Charaxes Mar 2011 Charaxes vansoni Van Son’s Charaxes Mar 2011 Subfamily Limenitinae Cymothoe alcimeda marieps Battling Glider Jan 2011 Hamanumida daedalus Guinea-fowl Butterfly Dec 2010 Pseudoacraea boisduvalii trimenii Trimen’s False Acraea Feb 2011 Pseudoacraea eurytus imitator False Wanderer Dec 2010 Pseudoacraea lucretia expansa False Chief Dec 2010 Neptis goochii Streaked Sailor Jan 2011 Neptis laeta Common Barred Sailor Dec 2010 Subfamily Biblidinae Sevenia boisduvali boisduvali Boisduval’s Tree Nymph Dec 2010 Sevenia natalensis Natal Tree Nymph May 2012 Byblia anvatara acheloia Joker Apr 2011 Byblia ilithyia Spotted Joker Jan 2011 Eurytela hiarbas angustata Pied Piper Jan 2011 Eurytela dryope angulata Golden Piper Jan 2011 Subfamily Nymphalinae Hypolimnas misippus Common Diadem Dec 2010 Hypolimnas anthedon wahlbergi Variable Diadem Dec 2010 Protogoniomorpha parhassus Mother-of-pearl Dec 2010 Protogoniomorpha anacardii nebulosa Clouded Mother-of-pearl Mar 2011 Precis tugela tugela Dry-leaf Commodore Jan 2011 Junonia terea algiva Soldier Pansy Dec 2010 Junonia natalica natalica Brown Commodore Jan 2011 Junonia hierta cebrene Yellow Pansy Sep 2011 Sharp/ Metamorphosis 26: 32–40 36

Junonia oenone oenone Blue Pansy Jan 2011 Vanessa cardui Painted Lady Mar 2011 Subfamily Libytheinae Libythea labdaca laius African Snout Butterfly Dec 2010 Family Lycaenidae Subfamily Poritiinae Pentila tropicalis tropicalis Spotted Pentila Dec 2010 Subfamily Miletinae Lachnocnema laches Southern Pied Woolly Legs Sep 2011 Subfamily Theclinae Stugeta bowkeri tearei Bowker’s Sapphire Sep 2011 Iolaus silarus silarus Straight-line Sapphire Jan 2011 Hypolycaena philippus philippus Purple-brown Hairstreak Jan 2011 Leptomyrina hirundo Tailed Black-eye Jan 2011 Virachola diocles Orange-barred Playboy Feb 2012 Virachola dinochares Apricot Playboy Dec 2010 Virachola antalus Brown Playboy Sep 2011 Myrina silenus ficedula Common Fig-tree Blue Aug 2013 Myrina dermaptera dermaptera Lesser Fig-tree Blue Oct 2013 Aphnaeus hutchinsonii Hutchinson’s High-flier Sep 2011 Cigaritis natalensis Natal Bar Feb 2011 Chloroselas pseudozeritis pseudozeritis Brilliant Gem Feb 2011 Axiocerses tjoane tjoane Eastern Scarlet Dec 2010 Axiocerses amanga amanga Bush Scarlet Jan 2011 Subfamily Polyommatinae Anthene definita definita Common Hairtail Dec 2010 Anthene amarah amarah Black Striped Hairtail Jan 2011 Anthene princeps Lebombo Hairtail Sep 2011 Anthene talboti Talbot’s Hairtail Feb 2011? Cacyreus lingeus Bush Bronze Dec 2010 Cacyreus virilis Mocker Bronze Oct 2011 Zintha hintza hintza Hintza Pierot Apr 2011 Tuxentius melaena melaena Black Pie Jan 2011 Leptotes pirithous pirithous Common Zebra Blue Dec 2010 Lampides boeticus Pea Blue Jan 2011 Pseudonacaduba sichela sichela Dusky Blue Dec 2010 Euchrysops malathana Common Smoky Blue Feb 2011 Eicochrysops hippocrates White-tipped Blue Jan 2011 Cupidopsis jobates jobates Tailed Meadow Blue Oct 2011 Actizera lucida Rayed Blue Dec 2011 Zizeeria knysna knysna Sooty Blue Jan 2011 Zizina otis antanossa Clover Blue Mar 2011 Azanus jesous Topaz Babul Blue Dec 2010 Azanus natalensis Natal Babul Blue Dec 2010 Azanus moriqua Thorn-tree Babul Blue Dec 2010 Azanus mirza Mirza Babul Blue Dec 2010 Chilades trochylus Grass Jewel Mar 2011 Zizula hylax Gaika Blue Nov 2011 Family Subfamily Pierinae Eronia cleodora Vine-leaf Vagrant Jan 2011 Colotis calais calais Topaz Arab Dec 2011 Colotis vesta argillaceus Veined Arab Dec 2010 Colotis ione Bushveld Purple Tip Jan 2011 Colotis annae annae Scarlet Tip Dec 2010 Sharp/ Metamorphosis 26: 32–40 37

Colotis auxo auxo Sulphur Orange Tip Apr 2011 Colotis antevippe gavisa Red Tip Jan 2011 Colotis evenina evenina Orange Tip Jan 2011 Colotis euippe omphale Smoky Orange Tip Jan 2011 Colotis evagore antigone Small Orange Tip Dec 2011 Belenois thysa thysa False Dotted Border Dec 2011 Belenois aurota Brown-veined White Nov 2010 Belenois creona severina African Common White Dec 2010 Belenois gidica abyssinica African Veined White Dec 2010 Dixeia pigea Ant-heap Small White Dec 2010 Leptosia alcesta inalcesta African Wood White Dec 2010 Mylothris agathina agathina Common Dotted Border Dec 2010 Subfamily Coliadinae Catopsilia florella African Migrant Dec 2010 Eurema floricola Malagasy Grass Yellow Feb 2011 Eurema hecabe solifera Common Grass Yellow Dec 2010 Eurema brigitta brigitta Broad-bordered Grass Yellow Jan 2011 Family Papilionidae Subfamily Papilioninae Papilio demodocus demodocus Citrus Swallowtail Dec 2010 Papilio dardanus cenea Mocker Swallowtail Dec 2010 Papilio echerioides echerioides White-banded Swallowtail Jan 2011 Papilio nireus lyaeus Green-banded Swallowtail Dec 2010 Papilio ophidicephalus ayresi Emperor Swallowtail Jan 2011 Graphium angolanus angolanus Angola White Lady Dec 2010 Graphium leonidas leonidas Veined Swordtail Dec 2010 Graphium antheus Large Striped Swordtail Dec 2010 Family Hesperidae Subfamily Coeliadinae Coeliades forestan forestan Striped Policeman Oct 2011 Coeliades pisistratus Two-pip Policeman Jan 2011 Coeliades keithloa Red-tab Policeman Jan 2011 Subfamily Pyrginae Celaenorrhinus mokeezi seperata Northern Large Flat Feb 2011 Tagiades flesus Clouded Flat Dec 2010 Eagris nottoana nottoana Rufous-winged Flat Mar 2011 Eretis umbra umbra Small Marbled Elf Oct 2011 Sarangesa motozi Forest Elfin Feb 2011 Leucochitonea levubu White-cloaked Skipper Mar 2011 Abantis paradisea Paradise Skipper Feb 2011 Spialia mafa mafa Mafa Sandman Mar 2011 Spialia dromus Forest Sandman Jan 2011 Spialia diomus ferax Common Sandman Mar 2011 Spialia spio Mountain Sandman Apr 2011 Gomalia elma elma Green-marbled Sandman Dec 2011 Subfamily Heteropterinae Metisella metis paris Gold Spotted Sylph Jan 2011 Subfamily Hesperiinae Kedestes callicles Pale Ranger Dec 2010 Acleros mackenii mackenii Macken’s Dart Dec 2010 Platylesches galesa White-tail Hopper Dec 2010 Platylesches neba Flower-girl Hopper Dec 2010 Platylesches robustus robustus Robust Hopper May 2013 Platylesches moritili Honey Hopper Jan 2011 Platylesches tina Small Hopper Nov 2011 Sharp/ Metamorphosis 26: 32–40 38

Platylesches picanini Banded Hopper Dec 2010 Pelopidas mathias Black-banded Swift Apr 2012 Pelopidas thrax White-banded Swift Mar 2011 Borbo fatuellus fatuellus Long-horned Swift Feb 2011 Borbo fallax False Swift Mar 2012 Borbo detecta Rusty Swift Feb 2012 Borbo gemella Twin Swift Apr 2011 Parnara monasi Water Watchman Apr 2011 Gegenes niso niso Common Hottentot Skipper Jan 2011 Gegenes hottentota Marsh Hottentot Skipper Nov 2011

TABLE 2 – ADDITIONAL BUTTERFLY SPECIES FROM OTHER PLACES

Species Common name Place or Reference Family: Nymphalidae Subfamily: Satyrinae Aeropetes tulbaghia Table Mountain Beauty Mariepskop Bicyclus ena Grizzled Bush Brown Eden Dira jansei Janse’s Widow (Henning) Dingana angusta Narrow-banded Widow Mariepskop Pseudonympha poetula Drakensberg Brown Mariepskop Pseudonympha magoides False Silver-bottom Brown Mariepskop Stygionympha scotina coetzeri Eastern Hillside Brown (Henning) Stygionympha wichgrafi wichgrafi Wichgraf’s Hillside Brown (Henning) Ypthima granulosa Granular Ringlet (Henning) Subfamily Heliconiinae Acraea horta Garden Acraea (Henning) Acraea neobule neobule Wandering Donkey Acraea Mountain View Acraea barberi Barber’s Acraea (Henning) Acraea anemosa Broad-bordered Acraea (Henning) Acraea axina Little Acraea (Henning) Acraea nohara nohara Light Red Acraea (Henning) Acraea violarum Speckled Red Acraea (Henning) Telchinia serena Dancing Acraea Magalieskop Telchinia burni Pale-yellow Acraea (Henning) Telchinia anacreon Orange Acraea (Henning) Pardopsis punctatissima Polka Dot (Henning) Subfamily Charaxinae Charaxes zoolina Club-tailed Charaxes Blyde Botanical Gardens Charaxes marieps Marieps Charaxes (Henning) Subfamily Limenitinae Neptis saclava marpessa Spotted Sailer Blyde Botanical Gardens Subfamily Biblidinae Sevenia morantii Morant’s Tree Nymph (Henning) Subfamily Nymphalinae Catacroptera cloanthe cloanthe Pirate (Henning) Precis octavia sesamus Gaudy Commodore Magalieskop Precis archesia archesia Garden Commodore Mariepskop Precis orithya madagascariensis Eyed Pansy (Henning) Vanessa dimorphica dimorphica Northern Short-tailed Admiral (Henning) Antanartia schaeneia schaeneia Long-tailed Admiral (Henning) Family Lycaenidae Subfamily Poritiinae Alaena amazoula ochroma Yellow Zulu (Henning) Durbania amakosa ayresi Amakoza Rocksitter (Henning) Subfamily Miletinae Lachnocnema bibulus Common Woolly Legs (Henning) Sharp/ Metamorphosis 26: 32–40 39

Subfamily Theclinae Hemiolaus caeculus caeculus Azure Hairstreak Mountain View Iolaus alienus alienus Brown-line Sapphire (Gardiner) Iolaus bowkeri Bowker’s Dotted Blue Mariepskop lolaus trimeni Trimen’s Sapphire (Henning) Leptomyrina gorgias gorgias Common Black-eye Moholoholo Leptomyrina henningi henningi Henning’s Black-eye Moholoholo Deudorix vansoni Van Son’s Playboy (Gardiner) Capys alpheus extentus Orange Banded Protea (Henning) Cigaritis ella Ella’s Bar (Henning) Aloeides taikosama Dusky Copper (Henning) Aloeides damarensis damarensis Damara Copper (Henning) Chrysoritis aethon Lydenburg Opal (Henning) Crudaria leroma Silver Spotted Grey (Henning) Anthene livida livida Pale Hairtail (Henning) Anthene dulcis dulcis Mashuna Hairtail (Henning) Anthene millari Millar’s Hairtail (Gardiner) Uranothauma nubifer nubifer Black Heart (Henning) Cacyreus marshalli Common Geranium Bronze (Henning) Leptotes brevidentatus Short-toothed Zebra Blue (Henning) Leptotes babaulti Babault’s Zebra Blue (Henning) Leptotes jeanneli Jeannel’s Zebra Blue (Henning) Tarucus bowkeri transvaalensis Bowker’s Dotted Blue Mariepskop Tarucus sybaris sybaris Dotted Blue Magalieskop Lepidochrysops plebeia plebeia Twin-spot Blue (Henning) Lepidochrysops patricia Patricia Blue (Henning) Lepidochrysops glauca Silvery Blue (Henning) Orachrysops violescens Violescent Blue (Henning) Euchrysops osiris Osiris Smoky Blue (Henning) Euchrysops dolorosa Sabie Smoky Blue (Henning) Eicochrysops messapus mahallakoaena Cupreous Blue (Henning) Cupidopsis cissus cissus Common Meadow Blue (Henning) Oraidium barberae Dwarf Blue Blyde Botanical Gardens Azanus ubaldus Velvet-spotted Babul Blue Eden Family Pieridae Subfamily Pierinae Afrodryas leda Autumn-leaf Vagrant (Henning) Appias epaphia contracta Diverse Albatross White (Henning) Belenois zochalia zochalia Forest White Mariepskop Colotis celimene amina Lilac Tip (Henning) Colotis regina Queen Purple Tip (Henning) Colotis pallene Bushveld Orange Tip Mountain View Dixeia charina charina African Ant-heap White Blyde Botanical Gardens Mylothris rueppellii haemus Twin Dotted Border Eden Mylothris trimenia Trimen’s Dotted Border Mariepskop Nepheronia argia variegata Large Vagrant Mtn View Nepheronia thalassina sinalata Cambridge Vagrant Blyde Dam Pinacopteryx eriphia eriphia Zebra White Mariepskop Pontia helice helice Common Meadow White (Henning) Teracolus agoye agoye Speckled Sulphur Tip (Henning) Teracolus eris eris Banded Gold Tip Blyde Botanical Gardens Teracolus subfasciatus Lemon Traveller (Henning) Subfamily Coliadinae Colias electo electo African Clouded Yellow (Henning) Eurema desjardinsii regularis Angled Grass Yellow Magalieskop Sharp/ Metamorphosis 26: 32–40 40

Family Papilionidae Subfamily Papilioninae Papilio euphranor Bush Kite Swallowtail (Henning) Papilio constantinus constantinus Constantine’s Swallowtail (Henning) Graphium morania White Lady (Henning) Graphium porthaon porthaon Cream Striped Swordtail (Henning) Family Hesperidae Subfamily Coeliadinae Coeliades anchises anchises One-pip Policeman (Henning) Subfamily Pyrginae Abantis tettensis Spotted Paradise Skipper (Henning) Eretis djaelaelae Marbled Elf (Henning) Kobelana krooni Kroon’s Skipper Magalieskop Netrobalane canopus Buff-tipped Skipper Mariepskop Sarangesa phidyle Small Elfin Blyde Botan Sarangesa seineri seinerl Northern Dark Elfin (Henning) Spialia delagoae Delagoa Sandman (Henning) Subfamily Hesperiinae Artitropa erinnys erinnys Bush Nightfighter (Henning) Borbo borbonica borbonica Olive-haired Swift (Henning) Gegenes pumilio gambica Dark Hottentot Skipper Magalieskop Kedestes lepenula Chequered Ranger (Henning) Kedestes macomo Macomo Ranger Eden Metisella willemi Netted Sylph (Henning) Parosmodes morantii morantii Morant’s Orange (Henning) Platylesches ayresii Peppered Hopper (Henning) Tsitana tsita Dismal Sylph (Henning) Zenonia zeno Orange-spotted Hopper (Dobson)

TABLE 3 – LOCALITY GAZETEER

LOCALITY PROVINCE LATITUDE LONGITUDE Blyde Botanical Reserve Limpopo 24°30ʹ56.6ʹʹ S 30°50ʹ03.4ʹʹ E Blyde Dam Mpumalanga 24°32ʹ27.8ʹʹ S 30°47ʹ52.9ʹʹ E Eden Limpopo 24°32ʹ41.3ʹʹ S 30°58ʹ01.3ʹʹ E Madrid Game Farm (Gardiner) Limpopo 24°29ʹ07.0ʹʹ S 30°54ʹ04.0ʹʹ E Magalieskop Mpumalanga 24°35ʹ42.7ʹʹ S 30°53ʹ07.5ʹʹ E Mariepskop Mpumalanga 24°32ʹ51.6ʹʹ S 30°51ʹ59.6ʹʹ E Moholoholo Mountain View Limpopo 24°30ʹ20.0ʹʹ S 30°52ʹ20.0ʹʹ E Moholoholo Rehab Centre Limpopo 24°31ʹ04.8ʹʹ S 30°54ʹ10.0ʹʹ E