The

A NewsletterTraveller of the Conference Spring, 2015 Bartram Trail Conference in Palatka, , Oct 16–18, 2015 he Bartram Trail Conference bienni- al conference will be held in Palatka, FloridaT where Bartram aficionados are invited to paddle, hike and bike the same route traveled by William Bartram. The locals are proud of Bartram’s description of Palatka’s inhabitants, “They were civil and appeared happy in their situation.” The conference will celebrate the 250th anniversary of John and William Bar- tram’s trip to the St. Johns River. Keynote speaker: Dr. Judith Magee, Curator of the Bartram Exhibits for the Natural History Muse- um of London and author of The Art And Science Of William Bartram, will be the keynote speaker. The Conference begins Friday evening with a banquet featuring Magee, who assisted the Palatka group with their Bartram Trail project. The full list of presenters is impressive. Bartram Trail in Putname County kiosk located on the St. Johns River in downtown Palatka, Florida. The conference: All meetings will be held at the Ravine River.” Speakers will include Braund, The frolic: Gardens State Park. The conference will Kathleen Deagan and Pat Wickman. And there will be fun too. After the meet- feature four panels on Saturday discuss- Finally Chuck Spornick will moderate a ings on Saturday the conference will ing Bartram’s St. Johns River travels. The discussion of “Bartram’s Trail on the St. “Frolic” on Palatka’s riverfront featuring first will be “The Art of William Bartram” Johns River.” The conference hopes to Billy Bartram and his favorite foods and moderated by Dorinda Dallmeyer with create a movement to connect the “string beverages. There will be local entertain- Judith Magee, Thomas Hallock, Denis of pearls” that make up the Bartram trails ment and access to the new St. Johns Byrd, and Nancy Hoffmann. The next throughout the . Included River Educational Center. A moonlight panel will be “The Science of William on the panel will be Dean Campbell, a cruise on the St. Johns is planned. Bartram” moderated by Thomas Hal- local trail designer and river scientist, lock and include Joel Fry, Bill Belleville writer Brad Sanders, and a speaker from Tours by foot, boat, bike or bus: and Dick Franz, a local natural historian. the North Carolina Bartram Trail Society. The Putnam Blueways and Trails Citizen Kathryn Braund will moderate the third There will be time for discussion at the Support Organization will offer tours of panel whose subject will be “Bartram and end of each panel. This is a most impres- Bartram sites on Thursday, Friday, and the slaves and Indians on the St. Johns sive gathering of Bartram scholars. Sunday that will take you to many of the

1/Spring 2015 31 sites identified within the county. Visit the site of Spalding’s Lower Store, see smoking alligators, climb Mt. Royal, see the 6-foot “trout” sculpture, and enjoy the Bartram at the “beautiful and delicate” blind mosquitoes just like William Bartram did on his ad- ventures on the St. Johns River. You will Museum of Alabama be offered guided paddling trips, biking tours, boat tours, motor coach tours, and walking tours. Signups will be available before the conference from a link on the Bartram mentions the spiral fire on the floor of BTC website. a Creek town’s rotunda, represented through this image on the floor. Registration: Later in March registration for the con- ference will be available on the Bartram Braund, retired Auburn University Mont- Trail Conference website, so stay tuned. gomery professor of Anthropology Craig Hotel information will be provided. Sheldon, University of South Alabama Ordnance abandoned at Fort Toulouse by the French, observed by Bartram For local information you may contact professor Greg Waselkov, and the team the Bartram Trails in Putnam County at AHAD used an array of archaeologi- at [email protected] or visit cal and historical sources, including nar- their website at http://bartram.putnam- ratives and sketches by Bernard Romans, fl.com/. They will be glad to send their Benjamin Hawkins, and particularly brochure detailing the 80 miles of water- William Bartram to create displays high- ways and many miles of biking and hiking lighting Creek Indian history. The Native trails. American exhibits were well researched Sam Carr, BTC Director, Chair of the Bar- and provide very precise, detailed infor- tram Trail in Putnam County Committee mation through handsome displays. 386–937–3901, [email protected] The first thing one sees upon entering The Land of Alabama Exhibit the Alabama Voices Gallery is a dugout canoe pulled up on the bank of some By Terry Henderson the exhibit. Though Bartram is not men- imaginary Alabama stream against a See plants that Bartram iden- tioned in the display, Hall says that Bar- backdrop of river cane, as if Bartram has tified on the St. Johns River n 1775 and 1776, William Bartram tram, through Travels, is a heavy hand of just left it to check out a mound or an old journeyed through the Creek terri- influence in this gallery, as in all of Hall’s town site. Nearby is a diorama of a typical By Dick Franz, Natural Historian, Itory that was to become Alabama. That work. This exhibit showcases Alabama’s Creek town, largely based on Bartram’s story became part of Travels of William geology, geography, and biodiversity. writing and drawings of characteristic s conference goers, you will have op- Bartram, to be enjoyed by generations of The new Museum of Alabama features Creek towns. Quotations from his works Diorama of Typical Creek Town portunities to see plants that Wil- those who love great literature, Southern “Alabama Voices,” a completely new ex- are also featured in the exhibit. A pat- liamA Bartram described as he wandered nature, Native Americans, colonial histo- hibit that opened in February 2014. Ac- tern in the floor centered in a sitting area writings are incredibly valuable for their their daily lives.” the St. Johns River valley. Many of these ry, and adventures. Travels continues to be cording to the museum’s brochure, the represents the spiral fire of the rotunda wide range of topics as well as the min- One interesting Bartram connection special plants are unique to Florida, and an important resource in the study of the exhibit “covers the dramatic unfolding structure of the town. On display is one ute details about ordinary things. We not on display, but residing in storage some will still be in flower during the Southern colonial landscape, inhabitants of Alabama history from the dawn of of the French four-pounder cannon that consulted Bartram for specifics about along with other treasures of Alabama’s conference. We encourage conference of the colonial frontier, and the Southern the 1700s to the beginning of the 21st Bartram observed at the old Fort Tou- clothing, foodways, architecture—you past, is an oak tree stump thought to be attendees to take advantage of the bike, Indians of historic times. century. Voices of Alabama taken from louse, along with the kinds of household name it—throughout the long planning from the council oak at the important water, and bus tours to Bartram sites. The Alabama Department of Archives diaries, letters, speeches, songs, and other utensils, trade goods, and tools of daily life phase. His work was particularly helpful Creek town of Tookabatchee, a town Bar- See the odd gymnosperm called coontie and History (ADAH) recently revised and sources tell the story of the struggles over that Bartram would have seen in a Creek for the diorama, when his precise descrip- tram visited. Possibly this oak provided with its female and male cones (Zamia expanded its exhibition galleries, which the land, the rise of a cotton economy, town of this era. tions, supplemented by his drawings, were brief shade for him. pumila), brilliant violet berries still on the now consist of The Land of Alabama, The the Civil War, industrialization, world Time rolls on in the exhibit through used along with archaeological findings as The Museum of Alabama is housed in branches of American beautyberry (Calli- First Alabamians, Alabama Voices, and wars, civil rights, the race to the moon, the American Revolution and then the well as the testimony of other first-hand the Alabama Department of Archives and carpa americana), Bartram’s airplant (Til- Alabama Treasures, collectively known as and more.” One of those voices is that of White influx into Alabama and the as- observers to produce a fine visual repre- History, right across the street from Ala- landsia bartramii) growing on the trunks the Museum of Alabama. William Bartram whose descriptions of sociated turmoil between Whites and sentation of a Creek town that Bartram bama’s capitol, at 624 Washington Ave- and branches of trees hanging over the Bartram Trail Conference (BTC) the Creek Indians, the culture, and their Creeks, including the Creek War and In- would immediately recognize.” nue. Admission is free. The Museum of water, the old growth habitats of long- member Dr. John Hall led the design ef- towns are central to the exhibition on the dian Removal, and finally, one looks over Sheldon says of Bartram: “Bartram was Alabama is an all-day destination. In the leaf pines (Pinus palustris), water lettuce fort for the gallery’s telling the story of Creek Indians. exhibits depicting events within recent not only one of our best observers of 18th calendar year 2014 the museum counted (Pista), pennywort (Hydrocotyle), tree cac- the “Land of Alabama,” and is the nar- Auburn University Professor of His- memory. century Creek culture, but he populated more than 40,000 visitors and hosted ap- ❀ ❀ tus (Opuntia), and many more oddities. rator for the 10-minute video included in tory and former BTC President Kathryn Braund says of the exhibit: “Bartram’s the towns with actual people going about proximately 525 school groups.

2/Spring 2015 3/Spring 2015 mountains running east to west through William Bartram and the Uncertainty of Geography ”Carolina” with a north-south spur run- Book of Interest ning through what are now Atlanta and Eleanor Stanford, Bartram’s Garden. Carnegie Mellon Press, 2015. By J. Anthony Abbott on the gulf coast. Despite his obvious fa- source for his maps and letters regarding Albany, . Regarding water, Flori- cility with cartography, and a wide variety their production reveal the reliance on da’s case is illustrative. Bowen depicts the This is part one of a three-part poem called “Bartram’s Garden.” s Bartram Trail Conference members of maps that would have been available to local experts (such as Louis De Vorsey St. John’s River running straight through I. are well aware, historical markers him by the time of The Travels publica- and Bill Bedford in Georgia). The map of to the Everglades, while Jefferys depicts What appears untidy and lacking Areferencing William Bartram’s passage tion, he does not provide any maps of the William Bartram’s journey proved to be Florida as dissected by braided chan- in design is in fact intentional: dapple southern environs. Indeed, there interior lands where he spent much of his the Atlas’s most expensive to produce. Its nels that would link every modern city quiet milkweed beside the conflagration are several texts that rely on Bartram’s time. His two charts of the Alachua Sa- cartography is troubled by confusing sym- in Florida today. Of the maps that would of red fireweed; the brackish trace to invite discovery of the parklands vannah were not included in his popular bols, the inexplicable inclusion of modern have been available to the public—con- and scenic byways throughout the south- work. state boundaries in place of historical sider that the most accurate cartography Schuylkill feeding stately oaks. John knew the author east. While his mark on American natural Francis Harper in 1958 made a great colonial boundaries, and the absence of would have been regarded as military in- lays his borders, then steps back. General history is indelible, it is worth noting the effort to document Bartram’s trace in Native populations or topography. De- telligence at the time—John Mitchell’s Washington, strolling the overgrown river trail, historical context for Bartram’s Travels. spite its shortcomings, the Cappon and “Map of British and French Dominions pursed his lips; what sort of father As a result of the Seven Years’ War and Petchenik map became the base map for of North America” provided the great- lets his seed run wild, allows entanglements the Treaty of Paris in 1763, Britain ac- modern Bartram studies. Modified ver- est detail with roads, trading trails, and between sweetspire and the common daisy? quired territories east of the Mississippi sions of this map adorn the endpapers of relatively reliable physiography. Travel What man sends his son into the mazy River, including Florida. Georgia and re- many books about Bartram. Some simply accounts and natural histories by John swamps of Georgia with no instruments gions west were very much Indian Terri- changed the maps aesthetically, some re- Lawson, William Roberts, and George but a magnifying glass and quill, tory, and Florida, though some parts were placed boundaries for modern states with Edwards were also available, and accord- to gather specimens of sweet gum, ash, and jonquil? settled by the Spanish, was essentially un- historically accurate boundaries, and oth- ing to Slaughter, many of these would also known to the British at the time. In short, ers include general territories occupied by have been found in ’s library. Eleanor Stanford is the author of one other poetry from the Western European perspective, Creek, , , and Chero- What formal geographic knowledge the regions Bartram travelled were terra kee. The Bartram Trail Conference, in its would have been available in situ to Bar- collection, The Book of Sheep, and a memoir História, incognitae. Bartram Heritage report, echoes Cappon tram as he traveled the south? At this História: Two Years in the Cape Verde Islands. Travels is a particularly curious docu- and Petechenik’s reliance on Harper to point we must introduce John William ment with regard to geographical knowl- create larger scale maps in their efforts to Gerard de Brahm. Born in Germany, he Eleanor Stanford, “Bartram’s Garden,” from Bartram’s Garden. Copyright © 2015 by edge. Indeed, it is well documented that establish Bartram park areas. came to the southern colonies and quick- Eleanor Stanford. Used by permission of Carnegie Mellon University Press. Travels does not accurately follow Bar- An exploration of cartographic knowl- ly developed a reputation as a skilled, but tram’s true trajectory and timeline. Why edge at the time of Bartram may illumi- perhaps too quarrelsome, builder of forts, he would have written so is subject to nate his geographic uncertainties. Three surveyor, and cartographer. For his talent encounters. Throughout his account Bar- the least geographic detail. At the region- informed speculation, many believing factors seem to be relevant, the informa- he was appointed British Surveyor Gen- tram describes travelling with surveyors, al scale, as for de Brahm’s surveys for the the vagueness is a product of something tion that Bartram would have had avail- eral for Georgia (1754–1764) and later Native Americans, and traders, people crown, we can see fairly good detail, and other than scattered notes or uncertainty able at his home in Philadelphia, the for- and the Southern District who would have had intimate geographic these may or not have been accessible to accruing through the fifteen years that mal cartography and survey knowledge (1764–1777); as such he was the author- knowledge and well-developed concep- Bartram. At the local scale, on the ground passed between the travels and the Trav- A Map of the Coast of East Florida by Wil- available to him in the regions he visited, ity on southeastern cartography. His work tions of space and place. Nevertheless, so to speak, Bartram would have shared els’ publication. What is certain is that liam Bartram and the informal knowledge held by his exhibits unusual accuracy for the period Bartram’s descriptions of his progress with the people he encountered informa- historians and enthusiasts work diligently travel companions and guides. and, during his tenure as Surveyor Gen- resemble more what Robert Paulett de- tion about location in more ephemeral to locate Bartram in the landscape. Those his annotated version of Travels, but What maps would Bartram have eral, de Brahm compiled detailed surveys scribes as a “relational and processional formats. His narrative certainly reflects familiar with Louis De Vorsey may recall did not engage a cartographer or cre- viewed before venturing south? Repre- for colonial Georgia and East Florida geography,” noting the names of rivers the latter more than the former. his decades-long project, culminating in ate a map himself. Lester Cappon and sentations of places were found in maps, well before Bartram’s journey. In 1770 de and towns in the order they are encoun- (These are preliminary observations for 2001, to accurately locate Bartram’s “Buf- Barbara Petchenik were the first to take atlases, geographies, and travel accounts of Brahm provided King George III a map tered. Traders saw themselves as holders a forthcoming chapter in Mapping Nature ❀ falo Lick” (20 miles southeast of Athens, on the challenge for the Atlas of Early the time. Famous British cartographers of of Eastern Florida with accurate coastal of proprietary knowledge of place, and across the Americas) between Lexington and Philomath). Be- American History. The Atlas was made the period include John Mitchell, Eman- soundings, a detailed chart of the St. would have been reluctant to share infor- cause Bartram’s narrative is geographi- for the bicentennial and Cappon felt uel Bowen, Patrick Gordon, John Senex, Johns, and general topography between mation because they stood to lose eco- Bartram Trail Conference Board cally enigmatic—his observations at local that inclusion of the Bartram maps was Thomas Jefferys, and Thomas Kitchin. the river and coast. Given William Bar- nomic advantage by precisely fixing the 2014–2016 scale richly detailed yet somehow defying necessary to demonstrate the ferment Many of these based their work on the tram’s employ to de Brahm prior to his locations of trading partners and trading President, Dorinda G. Dallmeyer specific location—people are compelled for American scientific enquiry as a foil earlier maps of Herman Moll. Their maps travels, as a draftsman and survey assis- routes. Perhaps Bartram respected this in- to seek his path. to the numerous maps of military cam- would have provided a general overview tant in Florida, it is likely that he partici- tellectual property and intentionally kept Vice President, T.R. Henderson The volume’s only map, a coastal survey paigns and other historical mainstays of of the region, but there were great inaccu- pated in creating this map. it from his account as a courtesy to those Treasurer, Anna Martin of East Florida from present day Jack- the American Revolution. On page 33 racies regarding the placement of physi- Perhaps most relevant to Bartram as who provided safe passage on many oc- Interim Secretary, Chuck Spornick sonville to Cape Canaveral, perpetuates of the atlas we find two maps, one docu- cal features. The Appalachian Mountains he was on the path would have been in casions. Board Members: Brad Sanders (Mem- Bartram’s geographic uncertainty. The menting the journey of John and William stretch through Georgia to St Augustine situ informal geographic knowledge. I am Geographic knowledge of the south- bership Chair), Marc Jolley (News- areas portrayed are scarcely addressed in in 1765–1766 and another document- in maps by Moll, or to the Apalachee Bay speaking here of the mental maps, verbal east came in many forms in the eighteenth letter Editor), Sam Carr, Joel Fry, Travels, his excursions in Florida occur- ing William’s Travels. Cappon describes in maps by Jefferys. Senex (adapted from information, and sketches in the sand century. Maps produced for popular pro- Kathryn Braund. ring inland along the St Johns River and relying on Harper’s work as the primary the maps of Guillaume Delisle) has the shared by travelers in their day-to-day duction that portrayed large areas provide

4/Spring 2015 5/Spring 2015 grandiflora), which he described as “per- ries before Bartram. Not only had Euro- Fothergill Research Award haps the most pompous and brilliant her- peans introduced new plants, animals, and William Bartram, Naturalist and Traveller baceous plant yet known to exist,” is es- technology, but they also brought new at- he Bartram Trail Conference is now By Stephen Goldfarb southeast and its native inhabitants. lasted only another two generations, after pecially engaging. An image of this plant titudes toward the land and its resources. accepting applications for its Fother- Two recent collections of essays on which its residents were uprooted and re- rendered by Bartram graces the cover of This volume also contains a reprint of gillT Research Award. One or more fel- he enduring interest in and the im- Bartram emphasize the continued inter- moved to Oklahoma. The Indian towns this book. Bartram’s Travels. There is a temptation lowships of $500 are awarded annually to portance of the life and work of Wil- est in Bartram and his Travels. The more he described are gone, due in large part The second collection of essays, Bar- to leap in and begin reading. However, an advanced graduate student or recent liamT Bartram (1739–1823) can be found scholarly Fields of Vision: Essays on the to the humid climate in which the mostly tram’s Living Legacy: The Travels and the the twenty-first-century reader is likely PhD whose research promises to lead to in the recently published The Golden Age Travels of William Bartram (University wooden structures decayed. Subsequent Nature of the South (Mercer University to find Bartram’s late eighteenth-century publication—book, article, dissertation, of Botanical Art (University of Chicago of Alabama Press, 2010), edited by Kath- archeological excavations have verified Press, 2010), edited by Dorinda Dallmey- prose tough going. A better plan might or other substantive product in studies Press, 2013) by Martyn Rix. In this beau- ryn E. Holland Braund and Charlotte M. the accuracy of Bartram’s descriptions, as er, is a very different book, but one that is be to read through the essays in these two related to William Bartram. Appropriate tiful volume, Bartram receives only a Porter, focuses on the Travels both as a found in his Travels. And some of these no less interesting. These essays are in the volumes before setting out on what may areas of scholarship include but are not single page on which there is a reproduc- historical document and a work of litera- structures were not associated with Bar- main by those who are carrying on Bar- be a longish journey through the Ameri- limited to the natural sciences, history of tion of a lovely watercolor of sugar maple ture and science. Especially valuable are tram’s contemporaries but with an earlier tram’s legacy of discovery and conserva- can Southeast in the era of the American science, literary studies, journalism, his- leaves and seeds he painted. This artwork several essays on how the Bartrams (both people, about whom the present residents tion, and they tend to be more personal. Revolution. The four well-designed maps tory, biography, archaeology, art, photog- is dated 1755, when Bartram was still an William and John) laid the groundwork could supply little information, even In one essay Kathryn Braund makes an in this volume will be a welcome guide to raphy, and ethnohistory. Recipients are adolescent. for later archeological discoveries near the though Bartram quizzed them extensively important though often forgotten point Bartram’s (and the reader’s) perambula- asked to make an informal report on work One of numerous children, young Billy, St. Johns River in northern Florida and about what he thought might be their an- as she draws attention to the comparison tions. to be published in the BTC newsletter, as he was known to his family and friends, along the Tallapoosa River in central Ala- cestors. between the landscape that Bartram tra- These books are a testament to the The Traveller, and/or a presentation at the spent the first decade of his adult life fail- bama. There are also essays on Bartram’s bot- versed and that of today’s Southeast—a continued interest in and influence of biennial meeting of the BTC (at the dis- ing at several mercantile ventures and as a What makes Bartram’s writings so im- anizing; the one on his discovery of the land of cities, suburbs, highways, shopping Bartram on contemporary historians and cretion of the program committee). Dead- plantation owner in Florida. By the age of portant is that the civilization he depicted large flower evening primrose (Oenothera centers, and rural areas that have been environmentalists. If reading Bartram’s line for receipt of applications is March thirty, Billy had few prospects and a lot of logged and are still extensively farmed. Travels has piqued the reader’s interest, he 29, 2015, with the announcement of the debt. Bartram was, however, not without Braund points out that the environment or she may visit the website of the Bar- award on April 6, 2015. The award is for talent, most notably as a draftsman and Bartram traveled through was hardly for- tram Trail Conference at bartramtrail.org. use in 2015–2016. For more information painter (as evidenced in his watercolor of est primeval, as European intrusion had Stephen Goldfarb holds a PhD in the his- and to receive an application form, please the sugar maple), which led to a career- caused vast modifi cations to the environ- tory of science and technology. He retired contact Dorinda G. Dallmeyer, dorin- ❀ ❀ changing turn of events. ment since De Soto’s explorations of the from a public library in 2003. [email protected], 706–542–0935. Bartram’s father John had sent sev- sixteenth century, more than two centu- eral of his son’s artworks to England, where they came to the attention of John Fothergill, a wealthy physician who was interested in . Fothergill financed William Bartram’s research and travels so Bartram Trail Conference Membership Form that previously unknown plants could be Name: ______Phone: ( )______Annual Member Dues added to his private garden, second in size Please check one. only to the garden at Kew. Research trips Address: ______were not new to William, as he had trav- A first edition of Bartram’s Travels, published in 1791. ______Individual $25 eled extensively with his father in search (A. S. Williams III Americana Collection, The Family $30 University of Alabama) E-Mail address: ______of new botanical specimens, including a Student $10 journey to Florida in the mid-1760s. Primary Areas of Interest in the Bartram Trail:(try to be specific about Contributor $50 Bartram’s travels, which began in geographic locations and activities, i.e., specific Bartram sites, and whether or not you Sustainer $100 the spring of 1773 and ended in Janu- like to hike, read, garden, etc.) ary 1777, resulted in his Travels Through Sponsor $250 North & South Carolina, Georgia, East & ______Patron $500 West Florida, though it would be over a decade before the book was published. ______Please check one of the choices: The volume was first published in Phila- ______I am a new member. delphia in 1791 and then in London in I am renewing my membership. 1792. Although sales in the United States Your dues support our newsletter, web site, Fothergill Fellowship Awards and other Bartram lagged, Travels received a warm reception Trail Conference projects. Date: ______in England and in the rest of Europe, and Please send payment to: translations appeared before the end of You may also join online at: Bartram Trail Conference the decade. Among the English readers https://bartramtrailconference.wildapricot.org/page-1655351 c/o 168 N Crest Road were Coleridge and Wordsworth, whose All you need is a PayPal account! Chattanooga, TN 37404 poetry is said to have been influenced by Bartram’s descriptions of the American

6/Spring 2015 7/Spring 2015 The Traveller c/o Brad Sanders 189 Hidden Hills Lane Athens, GA 30605

From the President s the weather warms, we think of Wil- ings. Was I wrong! When I finished read- liam Bartram leaving his winter quar- ing it again, my book bristled with sticky tersA to set out for another collecting season notes marking Leopold’s words that speak in the South. I cannot imagine his excite- directly to my homeplace here in Georgia’s ment at seeing new plants, animals, land- Piedmont. scapes, and cultures for the first time. What about you? Have the familiar scenes around Where would you take William Bartram you become just a backdrop for your life? if he were still among us? Thumb through your copy of the “Travels” and think about Here at the University of Georgia, I often the special places you would want William take visiting scholars on a campus tour de- to know as well as you do. Maybe it’s a site signed with them in mind—a great way he visited that still looks as he described it. to see things with fresh eyes. Your visitor Maybe it’s a place that has changed as dra- doesn’t even have to be alive. Several years matically as the view he had looking west ago our community celebrated the life and over the Oconee River at what would be- William Bartram’s words have led so many work of American conservationist Aldo come Athens. The forested granite prom- of us back into the landscape of the 1770s. Leopold. I thought “Where would I take ontory where he stood on the east side Now it’s your turn to lead him into the 21st Aldo on campus?” I opened my dog-eared of the river now sports a massive student century on your trail. copy of a “Sand County Almanac” looking apartment complex. On the river’s west for inspiration although fearful that the bank, I imagine he would be astonished See you in Palatka! book’s focus on the Gila National Forest to see a major university crowning the hill Dorinda G. Dallmeyer and Wisconsin would make for slim pick- where only Indian territory lay in 1773.