C f.I ll () N I C I_j E S
OF TUE HOUSE 0-F
\VILLOU G HllY J) E El1-ESJ3.Y.
Oo1n1n~led J·ron1, 1Ii8lories of Enaland, Peerages, and other a11thentic .sources
BY
TIIE JIONBLE. ELIZ.aBETII IIJ~~\.TUCOTE nUU)I)IOND ,rILLOUG HBY.
ILLUSTRA'r:ED ""ITII .ANCIENT CO.ATS OF ARMS .A~D lIONU:\fB~TS, ALSO ,\'ITD.
PORTRAITS :FROl\1 TilE ORIGINALS IN I>OSSE:SSION ')l' TilE 1',AlIILY.
LONDON: NICHOLS & SONS, 25, P.ARLI.Al\lENT STREET, s.,v.
MDt."CCXCYI.
CHRONICLES
OF THI-; HOUSE OF
WILI_.JOUG I-IBY DE ERESBY.
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P1m.t:GRIXE lh;1tT1"E, E1,EVEST11 Lonn ":-1u,01:GnnY.
IN the preparation of these " Chro11 iclcs of the H ousc of Willoughby de Ercsby;· I have found it necessary to consult a very large nun1bcr of '\V orks, from some of which the extracts which follow haYc hcen arranged, with the view of showing the important Historical events in whic·h the holders of the Willoughby c.lc Ercshy
Title have from ti1ne to time taken part, all of which extracts haYc been verified at the British )f U!--eum.
In tht> notices about the Duchess of Suffolk, wc,rds are taken from nn original Edition of Fox's " Book of ::\fartyrs," an 1 I am greatly indebted to the family of Lady Georgina. Bertil ( Authoress of ;, Fiv~ Gcncrati,)ns of a Lo.ral Jious(! ") and to the Publishers of the ,,r orks from which quotations ha\·e been n1a Since completing these Chronicles. Gilbert, 2nd Lord Aveland, has succeeded to the title of ,viJionghhy No\·cmbcr 13th, 1888: and on the 15th of Scptcn1her, 1892 was created Earl of -Ancastcr. His eldest son, Gilb<:'rt, now bears the title of Lor JILIC£. Dau~hterof SIR WILLIAM JOH~ Bf.KE.J=-t JJH\D llEKf. \ of ERESB'J::md l'lut•St WILLOUGHBY. co-tacir of lll'r Hrou1cr WALTfRJ.ORDuf ffiESBY. Dt,-d 1306. . I w:t:; :.llUI IIIUflt•tl to . MARGARET. D-.iu~httT" P:u-fiamt.'fal:•~H:\ROS or F.D!\H'~D J)F.,J~("O(P(f. WIIJ.OUGHlff 0, \ N .l>:in~htl'f" and JOHN WJI.I.Ot:GIIBY. J flt'tf't':-i- oJ" ~IH THOlL\S U LORD ,,·11.1.on~IIB\'. nnsn:u~f. KST. Dtt"d l:J50. ~- ,,. ~ .-J. ~. ,', . CF.f.ILJF.. D:m yt1rrrof . ...' ,JOHX WIJ.I.Ot:GHBY ROBERT,k rFFORD. ... .t' ;,flt~ Ill LORD WJl.r.nrt:li8'~ --~~: EAl(J. 11f SVfFOJ.K.K.C. {;;:;.. -~ Oii'd 17>73. Si~f•'r .,mt ("o Jwir ...:::.~ 11 of \\lUJ:\.\I 2 • ~ F..~I~ _1·{. ' \ ~ J ~----= ----:c:..~.,,,.:::!"'-- • ltOBfRI Wlfl.lJC'.f,HID: ALICE. DtuJ~hUT 1\' ro1u, wm.oramr. of::,JR. \\lfJJAll Di«...t 13:X,. SKfP\\lTil, Knt. mmL\$ WUJ.lWQffiY. JOUS WllJ.Ot"f.TWY. u·ci: r1:iui.:1t1,,- of •,nrr ..:tor or HF.~RY· lilU.1.Uf \\1U.OCGH1N. . aru'l.·~toroftJu· prr., - lt_lll;f;~ It' ~l~\~{;f, \ "EIIXEY, pn":-titt. and \' (.OftO'\\llJ,OFl;f!HY c,1t 51~ .lOll'i~lUJll"t~l8r, K _{;. T>il'd HO:.I Wl,D :--fJ{.•\."Gf.ot' x 1.01t11 w1u.orc:imr K.'i Ill01\"YX. dt· Rl(1 •liE. ffr:tUon f1y \'B..\liOXEtrrr:UJon / 1Wt. Il I I I I . . ftOBEI\.T WILI.OC'Gll8)~ VI 1.0TlD '\\11.LOPGHBY. SHt THOM;\S WII.I.Ol'GIIBY. K.G. Died H-52. fllCH:\JtD WELLES. fE.CU.lE;D:111:::111,·ror \11 LOl\_i) \\'EI.LES. JOAN Wll.1.Ol'GHIW, Sll{ ltORF.~T LF.0 "\\"F.IJ.ES.\"l Wit!, sumn1urlt'd to }>;1rh:u n,,, t BAJ\ONF.SS \\111.0tl:IIBY'. \\'r r .r.o r ,; HBY. \\"F.U.ES 1u; $1:,;1,,· u1 n~ht of hrs \\.ifr .1:; \ 11 Died HGl. 1>lt"d l·Hij_ amlmh,iror l\lf'll.\ltlJ IJ.>Jtt> \llJ.Off.l{Ih° bci1c11l al HlO. \11 I.Oil'>- 1\0B.E.ip" WEIJ.ES. rm W~D \,'ELLES :1111I \lll Sift J\UUEflT· \\°JU.On~HBY LOJ\D \\'ILl.<>l'l~llttY bd1cad ·al 1470 S . P. Dlf'd 1~G7. :- P. JllCH~~i) H:\~TIXl~~- \ JOA.SE \\'EI.J.F.S. In n~ht of hi:- \\'air~.. , IX BAI\O~ESS ""F.1.1.F.S. SI~ r JI l{l~TOPIIF.It ~J,\J\ C..11t ET. J);i il~lttt,• LOl\.l.l \\'"Ell.E~ mul lXIJl~O and \\'ILI.Ol'C.Hlff. ,,.ILIJJl'.Glllff Dini· of Sil\ \\"IU.L"\:'-J ,IE\~EY Died JSOG SP. \\11l.0t:GIIBY. H!t8 · :)'J. of K.'iom11,,1.1 .. ~i:n=ou-:. Di~ ISOJ. ,------' CHJ{ISTOPTIF.f\ I.Ai)y !-L\!lY S,\Ll'.:\,E!--. -. \\" l U. MAR.Y.D.u,~httr of Pf.R..£ClllYE AF.ll'llf:. JOHN n:uE.L-UU.oC XI LORD \\111.orcnur OXFORD. Sister and Dil!f lGOl. hctruf th~ "tuik' ~IUCi \o E.DWl\RD.XVUEARI. l>led lf.2¼. 7lOBEl{f lit~. £Uz.=IBElll.onJy aeakd F..\R.L or mild ~ his 1etwrr mI>SE\". lG2Glll of EI11\:-\RD llO!.M. 1J)(\D 1\11.LOl'CIIH\". ·~ IJ}l!D !wl0~9!.\Q;. I..C ktll<'d :11 «hr !l.1llk of BO[CHll>X. ct Id{.ii-tull 1£,l:. 8R.1Df.f.T D.u~l1lT ~L1f{J1L1. D.111<.!htrr nf 311d hnr of F.D\\."'\IU> Mon..\CU BF.f\TIE, SI~ Wll.11:UI ctlCK'\l~ WR.\Yf.~hyl.\D'i 11 ~l of U'.'iDSf.'i. uf J{l":-lITOS. f11 ~orthamp· flJJ.MErn Sn!IJllS. 11111.\\id,,.,..· <•· Joll~~\.'1~ Xlll L0~ ¥.111.0l'Clll!r. ~ "lit.only D;in~1trr L\l~.or IIOIJ>F.f\.\f.SS. K.G.01rd lW,. \ .lJld hc,rt•· n,,xn:;. Dt,-dlGH. f.\J\L or BFJtKSllltff.. and &\}tOS Sll}tfl!S. fH.\J{U:S 8FJ{TIE. JlMF.S BEJUlE. f\OREIU BF.~f.. El.17. \RETH. D.au~lrr of ll-1-lX(;rOS".fo CTC3ln2 ~t of I f.U{l.I\D "'11llllUIY-i. n·~o ,,1t~. of l{O~'l.\l;{" flOOlt. ~.ce;aurt't~1X,l' Dll'd 1701. prci.41 It a11c IXi f. \JO. Bf~~~ll and u 11,\l)~f.Y. ~cC ABl~CDO.~. \1) ..'7.(.' CM, :an ~ Bcfll'lfm:lfnf Dll\f. of.\XC\5nJ\a111I )Bl{r. f);111~l1tft· ,Wd l\f!>iP.,l~'im lil:.:,nd ht1n ~:,; ot' ~!Ji ~I Clt.\kfl M.\~Qf1~11fUXDSF.'i. V.1JS ol' ll\1.DY~- Co mllOG. l\'f.\1\1. ,,.· f.~~.\I{\1JX. B.\lfl. mom~ l'Y r.ol{D Di<'rl lf,8'J. \\lW>rGJIB\ Dini 17:1. rt~<~Jxr. ;wrrrrr.. ,JASF..0;111~tc'f:uld ll nrKf. or AV.\:-llf\ fo hnr uf ~I~ .IOHX Y U~L ol' U.Sl>SEY. .Rl(Ol\)'f.(J\( ff.W 111:. 1\1 LO~r, \\1UOn:imr. 6HTU~ Co u~rn!S Dit'tl 17t·'.!. ... ~EG~IXE RFJ{TIE. 'BROWNLOW nntTIE. 111 Dl"KE of ,\~f.\~TEJl .'lAHY. O~u~litt-r of \' Dr KE of .\XC\STER. \1 f_\ltl.of ll~'nSF.Y. '11f0."L\S PA..""TOS f_.-q. \1U F.,\fU.of ll~d)Sf.Y. l\11 lO'lD WIIJ.O[GIII.IY. Dll"l1 180'J. w11 h•,u1..an Died 1178. hl'Jr malt•. ROBF.J{T BF.J{TIF., JV 01!1\E of AXl~STF.R, \11 E..\~l.of U~DSEY. X\m LORD w1u.on;11sr. Dic-J ITT!J. SP. l'ftlSfllD BFJlTIF.. PETFJ\ Brf{~F.I.L. OUUTit'lf rl1t• I~' .'\\J{C}rF~--S 8.\llOSF..'5 \\"IU.Ol"Qll!l'. m-;n,,t I.Of{!> GWYD)ll of CHOL\lll~f>Hf.Y.~11,thtT Du·d I~. 179' lht'li lil:!O. of Hf51{\' :\1" 1 .:111, I fllYS('fll ."\,'\f\.(/rE~S. l>i.-,l lt!!)S. Pm!{ ftOIIF.l{f 01(01.\UISII 81'1\I\FJl. flf:..~BTIX:\. 1.1.m~htrr 11,"( ·~ l\llJ.(llT,1111\'. LISDSEY Br!lRfJJ •. 11.DPJ) ll\1ll\1!.1..-.I\ •lw- and l'-11lr !inn.-:-:; ot'-IDIES father of Pm.ft ft')IIH{I'. 51111uinr .lltd .1nn~ ,fl)f\11!)10~11111 DRl"MlfQ\1>, t~-i IJlP.D PEJ{Tll. pn~1t :md I\' I.O~D ll!OJ aoo m11:.".l thr ;idwnorw ~ir ;a <11i:111ty nov, •~tmrt ~ Q\'n1Yf\. n1rtl l~l-8. Dml t8w. lllfE(ltC o~nom~o 1'11JJ)l;f,HIW. XX I.Of\0 "1U.Off,HBY. W I.Olt'> GWYD\1\,- D1ol lBXI SP QJ'.-'IU.'TL'f.\ DlflUIO!iJl Bl:tlliFJJ., c1rnu.01 ff. .m:rsn 'tl.\J?l~f.'-S \\1U.or,;i:K'i. fll~1rnoso ,,11wm1Kr took U1 IRr- !Ir llllllr.tllr.' GII.REITT IIL\TllfOTT.. l - i _:; ""'111'11 Iii,- ~r.l !.ll~ll, ;nld anll:i of I,P,1' M~fll~ll. O''.tlnl llll,:_ll .\\11.\SO, @ ~ f.\RR•~1:111~ •.M,,1111n.r .12111 \\1U.ore1mr ~ 18:if, Dini 18f,7. orc:11.RF.JU' fl 1.0ltD, l i i Cll.\ftl.t.:- :;~;11111 llll~lt ,Wfl.,\NI>. I ,,I i EID 1 ll>1'1l 01111 ,~1~. i 11 PAR'I' I. IIOLDJ~RS OF TIIE TITLE. Robert Willoughby, I. Lord Willoughby~ The family of Willoughby, by a pedigree HE~HYlII. The 'Fl\milv m .. l l'ur•:11t~ drawn up in the time of Elizabeth, appears to of Rolx•rt Will .. u:;l,hy,I. l.nril \\"ill,,11::l,!•v, horn 12iO.-llurk,·'~ i-:xriuct be descended from Sir John de \Villoughby, P~uge, p. r,-;.-.. a Norman knight, who had the lor Dugdale infonus us that in the 2.jth Edward EDWAm, I 12!•;'. Loni Willuu::l.!.v i:a I. he was in the cxp1:ditio11 into Gascony ; and Ga,,c110,· .-:-. in>ln~·~ • .. ~it>trc· of ( 'ud:,·,crock;' in tl1c 28th Eel ward I. l :300, he was rctun1cd p.3:!,. from the county of Lincoln, a5 holding lands or 1:11-•o. ~ommo111,,I t,. utt1·u,I the· Kin,: 11t th,· ,-i,·::,, •>f the rents, either in capile or otherwisc, to the Cu.~tlc t1f CurhH·r,oek. amount of £40 yearly value and upward~, and as such was summoned under the general writ to perform military service against the Scots in June in that year, at which time he was !)l'escut at the siege of Carlaverock. The Castle of Cnrlaverock, which is sajd to D<'l B Robert JVillougltuy, L Lord JVillougltby. EDWARD L 1300. In the year of Grace one thousand three 1'he D8llle» and amia of the hundred, on the day of Saint John, Edward l{ini,:'11 compauiiou~ at tl.ic 1tic;.;c uf C.::Url11.\'cruck..- 1'1icol~, l'P· 3-li. held a great Court at Carlisle, an With bim Robert le Fitz ·,valter, who well knew tho use of arms, and so used them when required. In a yellow banner ho had a fess between two red chevrons. Robert J,Villuuyltby, 1. Lord JVilloug!tbg. 3 ------ImWAIU> I. And ,villiam le :Marshall, who in Ireland had 13110. " S ie!!\.' of C11r• the chief comm.anti. lio boro a gold bcncl lavc;,ck. "-Nicolu, pp. 1-9. engrailcd in a red banner. Hugh Bardolf, a man of great appearance, rich, valiant, and courteous. He bore, azure, three cinqucfoils of pure gold. ------A great lord, much honoured, may I well name the fifth, Philip the Lord of Kyme, who bore red, with a chevron of gold surrounded by crosslets. I saw Henry de Grey there, who well ancl nobly attended with his good Lord the Earl. He had a banner, and reckoned rightly you would find it harry of six pieces of cilver and blue. • Robert de l\Iontalt was there, who highly o} I • I cndcavow-ed to acquire high hqnor. Ho had a ~~ banner of a blue colour, with a. lion rampant of $A~ silver. ◄ I In company with these was Thomas de :Multon, who had a banner and shield of sih-er with t hrec red bars. ◄ These arms were not single, for such, or I £)¾1 much resembling them, were in the hands of ~» John de Lancaster; but who, in the place of a bar less, bore a re ----··-·--· . ·-. --· ------··------ EDWARD I. 1300. And of this sawe division was William le " Siege of Car laTeroclt. "-Nicolas, pp. 9-13. Vavasour, who in arms is neither deaf nor dumb. He had a very distinguishable banner of fine gold with a sable dauncet. Also John de Holdeston, who at all times appears well and promptly in arms. He was -..,·ith the Count, which makes it proper that he should be named among his followers. Ho bore gulcs fretty of silver. I saw the good R0bert Fitz Roger's bauner ranged with that of tho Earl in tho march: it was quarterly of gold and red with a black bend. That of John his son and heir, wbo has the surname of Cla vcring, was not at all different, excepting only a grccu label. • All those whom I have named to you were tho retinue of the good and well-beloved Earl. His companion was the Constable, who was Earl of Hereford, a. rich, elegant young man. He had a banner of deep blue silk, with a. white bend between two cotises of fine gold, on the outside of which he had six lioncels rampant. • ,Yith him was Nicholas de ScgraYc, whom nature had adorned in body and enriched in heart. He had a valiant fat.her, who whollr ahamloncd the garbs and assumed the tion; and who taught his children to imitate the brave, .n.nd to associate with the nobles. Nichofas used Robert W-illoug!tl,y, I. Lord JVilloughby. 5 -----. ------ his father's banner with n red label ; by his EDWARD I. 1300. " Sic,:;c of Car• brother John, who was the eldest, it was borne lu.vcrcx,lt."-Nicobla, pp. 13-Hi. entire. The father had by his wife five sons, who were valiant, bold, ancl courageous knights. Tho banner of the eldest, whom the Earl :Marshal had sent to execute his duties because he could not come, was sable with a silver lion rampant-, crowned with fine gold. I cannot recollect what other Bannerets were there, but you shall see in the conclusion that he had one hundred good bachelors there, not one of whom would go into lodgings or tent until they had examined all the suspected passes, in which they rode every day. Tho Marshal, the l1nr binger, assigned lodgings to those who were entitled to them. Thus far I have spoken of those "·ho are in and form the vanguard. --FF John the good Earl of ,varren held the _I_I__ reins to regulate and go,;crn the E-ccond I_I_I_ squadron, as he who well knew how to lead -1--1-1- noble and honourable rucn. His banner was handsomely chequered with gold and azure. .. Ile had in his company Henri de Percy his nephew, who seemed to have made a vow to humble the Scots. His banner was very con- . sp1cuous, a blue lion rampant on yellow. Robert le Fitzpayne followed them; he hacl hi~: red banner, side by side, with three white lion~ passant, surcharged with n. blue baton. C Robert lV£llo·u9klF!J, I. Lord lVillouylt!J!f. l:DWARD I. - 1:K10. Add to thcso ,valter de :Money, who was in " Siege o! Car-. I_J_ lanrock."-Nicolaa. this company because they were all of one pp. 17-1!1. I I household. Ile had his banner chequered of silver and red. The valiant Aymer de Valence bore a beautiful banner there of sikcr and azure stuff, surrounded hy a border of red martlets. With him Nicholas de Carew, a valiant mnn of great fame, wl1ich had often been displayed both in coYcr and on the plains against the rebellious p('oplc of Ireland. He had a liantl some yellow banner with three lions passant sable. \Vit h them was Roger de la W arc, a wise and valiant kuight, whose arms were rl.-d, with a white lion and crosslets. Guy Earl of Warwick, who of all that are ,rJ".r.. 'Jl ... c:jC}ric:: ~Jc}w-r "ii? ~.... mentioned in my rhyme had not a better neighbour than himself, bore a red banner with ; ~r_;;i,r ~rr1 /:r};r°'.f a fess of gold and crusilly. C:., ~ C I John de }.fohun bore thers, yellow, with a black cross cngrailcd. Robert lV·illougltbJJ, I. Lord JV·illougk/Jy. 7 EDWARD I. T~.tesh::i.l, for valour which he had displayed 1:mo. "[ " Si"~" of C11r I I l with them, has on~ of a-old and red chcqucrcu, la.vcrt><·k.'"-Sit:'llW1, pp- rn-~='- "' with a chief ermine. . Ralph le Fitz,nlliam bore differently from him of V a1ence, for instead of martlcts he hacl three chaplets of rc That which William de Ros displayed therc, ,~~ was rc .And the banner of II ugl1 Poiutz was Larry of eight pieces of gold awl rt~d. I I I JQbn de Beauchamp bore handsomely, in a graceful manner, and with inspiring ardour, a. banner vair. The ventailes were soon lowered, and the battalions proceeded 011 their march. Of two of them you have already been told, and of the third you ~hall hear. Edwa!'d King of England and Scotland, Lord of Ireland, Prince of \Yales, and Duke of Aquitaine, conducted the third squadron at a little distance, and brought up the rear so closely and ably that- none of the others were left behind. In his banner were three lt•op:i:rds courant ·of fine gol EDWARD I. 1::00. and cruel ; thus placed to signify that, like them, •• Sie~"' of Car la,·erw,c;lt. "-Nicow. pp. 23-27. tho King is dreadful, fierce, and proud to his enemies, for his bite is slight to none who inflame his anger ; not but his kindness is soon rekindled towards such as seek his friendship or submit to his power. Such a Prince was well suited to be the chieftain of noble personages. I must next mention his nephew John of Brittany, because he is nearest to him; and this preference he has well deserved, having a:--siduously served his uncle from infancy, and lt.·ft his father and other relations to dwell in his household when the King had occasion for his followers. He was handsome and amiable, and had a beautiful aml ornamcntea banner, chequered gold and azure, with a red border a111l yellow leopards, and a quarter of ermine• •John de Bar wa~ likewise there, who, in a blue banner, crusilly, bore two barbels of gukl, with a red border engrailcd. \Villiam de Grandison bore paly silver and azure, surcharged "·ith a red bend, and thereon three beautiful eaglets of fine gold. ,Yell ought I to st.ate in my lay, tl1at the courteous Elias de A.ubigny..... had a rEd banner, on which appeared a white fosi, cngrailcd. I But Eurmenions de la Brette hatl a banner entirely red. Rubert lVillou9Jtl.1!J, I. Lurd JVillouy/J,!J. 9 After these I fin John ~e Rivers had his caparisons mascally of gohl and vermillion ; and they ,\"'ere therefore similar to tho::;t: of the good :Maurice de CroU.I1. Robert, the Lord of Clifford, to '"horn reason ·gives consolation, who always remembers to over come his enemies. He ruuy call Scot laud to bear I I witnt•s:; of his nol,lc lineage, that originated well I I -1 uucl nobly, as he is of the race of the nohle Earl Marshal, who at Cou:-;taut iuoplc fought wit11 an unicorn, and struck him The good Hugh le> Dc~pcuscr, who loyally on his courser knows l1ow to disperse an enemy, had a banne, qnarterly, with a black Laton on the white, nnd the gules fr1...•tty yellow. n 10 Robert JVilluuy!tby, I. Lord JVi"lluuy/1.by. ------ F..DWAIU> I I ha,·c not forgotten the bannc1· of the goo And that of Aumary de Saint Amand, who advances, displaying his prowess, of gold nnd black fretty, on a chief three roundlets, also of gold. John de Engaigne h:id a handsome one of red, crusilly, with a Next, "'"alter de Beauchamp bore tl1ere, s1x martlcts of gol a but. He, who with a light heart, doing good to all, bore a yellow banner and pt'm1on with a black saltire cngrailed, was called J ohu Botetourte. The banner of Eustace de Bache was well ornamented ; it was yellow· with a red cross engrailcd. 11 EDWARD I. .Adam do W ellcs boro there, gold, a black liou ;:mu. " Sic1,.-e of Car· rau1pant., whose tail sprca rl11te handsome and nmiahle Robert de Scales horo red, with shells of silver. rrouchcs, a. kuight of goocl fame, bore red, with yellow martlcts. 1'liat of the Cmmt of L~()nis was kn0wn as reel with a white liou, arnl a white border ,,·it11 rosc>s like the field. Patrick of Dunb:-tr, ~on of the Count, bore in vo way cliff erent. from his father, excepting a blue lahcl Richard Suwart, who was in company -with them, liac.l a ·t>lack banner painted mth a white cro!:~, flow~recl at the ends. liu/Jert iVillullfjltUtJ, I. Lurd iVilluuvltb!J. EDWARD L 1300. Simon I - The handsomt:l Brian Fitz Alan, full of courtesy and honour, I saw· with his well ---- adornc t Then there was Roger de ::Mortaignc, who . stri•;(•s that he may acquire honour; he bore yellow with su: blue lions, the tails of which we call ... t •• • ·t And of the handsome H untcrcombe, ermine ... with two red gemelles. •i· •i ! 'i' - -- .. . - . t i' t t William de Ridre was there, who in a blua ·1 ~~ banner bore crescents of brilliant gold. ~ With them marched th~ handsome Thomns de Fnrnival, who, when seated on horseback, docs not resemble a man asleep; 110 bore six martlcts a11d a reJ ben John de la Ma.re bore a silver maunch worked EDWARD I. 1300. " Siege of Cur on red. lAYeroc k. "-Nicol.w,., pp. 39--U. John le E5trange had red capansons with two white lions passant. Also I know John And ,vmiam de Cantilupe, whom I for this reason praise, that. he has at all times lived in honour. He had on a red shield a fess vair, with three fl.curs And then Hugh de ~Iortimer, who well knew how to make himself loved: he bore a red banner with two iesses vair. But by Simon de ~Iontagu, who had a blue banner and shield with a griffin rampant of fine gold, the third squadron was brought to a close. E 14: Robert JVillougltbu, I. Lord JVillvugl,by. EDWARD L 1300. The fourth squadron, with its train, was led " Sie•!'e of C11r Jayc~k."-?olicolAs, hy Edward the king's son, a youth of seventeen pp. -13-45. years of age, and bearing arms for the first time. Ile was of a well proportioned and handsome pcrsou, of a courteous disposition, and intelligent; and desirous of finding an occasion to display his prowess. He managed his steed wonderfully well, and bore with a blue label the arms of the good King his father. Now _God give him grace that he be as valiant and no less so than his father: then may those fall into his hands who from henceforward do not act properly. The brave John de Saint John was every where with him, who on all his white caparisons bad upon a x:ed chief two gold mullets. A white su.rcoat and white alctt-0s, a white shield and a white banner, were borne with a red maunch by Robert de ~I.1ony, who Wf!1l evinces that he is a Knight of the Swan. t--,- Henry le Tyes had a banner whiter than a 1 smooth lily, with a red chevron in the middle. Prowess had made a friend of William fo Latimer, who bore on this occasion a well proportioned banner, with a gold cross patcc pourtrayed on red. Robert lV-illougld.,y, I. Lord lV-illouyltlw. 15 Also ,vmiam do Lcyburne, a valiant man, EDWARD I. 1:100. ~~~ •• Sici..re of Cur without &ut and without ·if, had there a banner lavcrock. ••-:S iC(lws. pp. 45-49. . ~~ anu a large pennon, of blue, with six white lions rampant. And then Roger do Mortimer, who on both sides the sea bas borne, wherever he went, a. shield barry, with a chief paly and the corners gyronny, emblazonc~ with gold and with blue, with the escutcheon voided of ermine. He proceeded with the others, for he and the before named were appointed to conduct and guard the King's son. But how can I place them? The Rt. Johns, tho Latimcrs, were leaders from the first, who ought to h~1.vc been in the rear of the squadron, as those who best understood such matters, for it would not be wise to seek else where two more valiant or two more prudent men. Their friends· and ncighhours were two bro thers, cousins to the King's son, namcu Thomas and Ifenry, who were sons of Monsieur Edmond, the well-bclo\"ed, who was formerly so called. Thomas was Earl of Lancaster : this is the df:'scription of his arms; those of England with a label of France, and he did not wish to display any others. Those of Henry I do not repeat to you, whose whole daily study was to resemble his good father, for he bore the arms of his brother, with a blnc haton, without the label. 16 . Rubert W-illou9Jtl"!J, I. Lord JVilluuyltby. JmWARD I. William de FeITers was finely and nobly 1300 "Siri:c of Cnr lucroc:k "-Nicolus, accoutred and well armed, in red, with gold pp. ,9-51. mascles voided of the field. He, by whom they were well supported, acquired, after great doubts and fears until it olea~(' After him I saw first of all the valiant Robert de la \farde, who guards his banner well, which is vaire of white and black. The heir of John de St. Jolm was there a com- - panion; he bore the name of his father, and also his arms with a blue label. Richard the Earl of Arundel, a- handsome and well-beloved Knight, I saw there, richly armed in red, with a gold lion rampant. Ro~rt Wi"llou9ltb9, I. Lord Willuuy!tby. 17 .Alan de la Zouche, to shew that riches were EDWARD I. 0000 1:ioo. " ~ic;.."\l of Cu• perishable, bore bezants on his red banner; for luvc1·uck."-~icul~. 000 pp. £il-£i6 00 I know well that he has spent more treasure than O· is suspendc . a present from ~Ierlin. He sent there his ensign, which was gules with a fer de moulin of eruune. He who all honour displays, John de Hastings, was to conduct it in his name ; for it was entrusted to him, as being the most intimate and tho best beloved of any one he had there. And. assuredly ho well deserved to be so; for he was F 18 Robert Willoayllb!J, I. Lord Willouyltby. ------ EDWARD I 1:roo. known by all to be in deeds of arms daring and "Siege of C11r laveruck. "-Nicuw. reckless, but in the hostel mild and gracious; p1i. "3-o!.I. . nor was there ever a Judge in Eyre more willing to judge rightly. He had a light and strong shield, and a banner of similar work of fine gold with a red maunch. Edmond, his valiant brother, chose there the black label. He could not fail of those honours which he took so much pains to acquire. They had a handsome and accomplished bachelor, well versed in love and arms, named John Paigncl, as a companion, who in a green banner, bore a maunch of fine gold. And, ns the good Edmond Dcincourt c-ould not attend himself, he sent his two brave sons in his stead, and with them his banner of a blue colour, billette of gold, with a dancettc 0'\"er all. 0£ John le Fitz ?t!armadnke, whom all esteemed, Prince and Duke and others who knew him, the banner was adorned with a fess and three popinjays, which were painted white, on a red field. And l\Iauricc de Berkeley, who was a com pa.nion in this expedition, had _a banner red as blood, crusilly with a white chevron, and a blue label because his father was alive. Rob_ert JVillutiyldJ!f, I. Lord lVillvuykbu. 19 EDWARD I But Alexander de Balliol, who had his eye on 1:iOO. " Sie:?8 of l'ur doing every good, bore a banner with a yellow lavcrock "-Niculwi, pp. 6!1-ti3. ground and a red escutcheon voided of tho fiel : I To those last named, without reckoning double, were eighty-seven banners, which quite filled the roads to the castle of Carlaverock, which was not taken like a chess rook, but it will bave thrusts of lauccs, and engines raised and poised, as we shall inform you when we describe the attack. Carlaverock was so strong a castle, that it did not fear a siege, therefore the King came himself, because it would not consent to surrender. But it w-as always furnished for it:- defence, whenever it was required, with mcu, engines, and pro V1S1ons. I ts shape was like that of a shield, for it had only three sides all round, with a tow<.:r on each angle; but one of them was a double one, so high, so long, and so large, that untler it was the gate with a draw-bridge, well made and strong, and a sufficiency of other defences. It .. . had good walls, and good dit~hes filled to the edge with water ; and I believe there never was seen a castle more beautifully situated, for at once could be seen the Irish sea towards the west, and to the north a fine country, surrounded by an arm of the sea, so that no creature born couid approach it on two sides without putting himself in danger of the sea. Towards the south it was not easy, because there were numerous dangerous defiles of wood, and marshes, and ditches, where the sea is on each side of it, and where the river reaches it; and therefore it was necessary for the host to approach it towards the east, where .the hill slopes. Rubert JVilluuyltl.J!f, I. Lord iVilluugltb1J. EDWARDL And in that place by the King's commands his 1300. •• Sic~ of Car la'fCf'OCk."-N icollll'I, battalions were formed into three, as they were pp. 63-67. to be quartered ; then were the banners arranged, when ono might observo many a warrior there exercising his horse : and there appeared three thousand brave men at arms; then might be seen gold and silver, and the noblest and best of all rich colours, so as entirely to illuminate the valley; consequently, those of tho castle, on seeing us arrive, might, as I well believe, deem that they were in greater peril than they could ever before remember. And as soon as we were thus drawn up, we were quartered by the :Marshal, and then might be seen houses built without carpenters or masons, of many different fashions, and many a cord stretched, with white and coloured cloth, with mauy pins driven into the grouut.l, many a large tree cut down to make huts ; and lcaYcs, herbs, and flowers gathered in the woods, which were strewed within ; and then our people took up their quarters. Soon afterwards it fortunately happe:ied that the navy arrived with tho engines and provisions, and then the footmen began to march against tho castle; then might be seen stones, arrows, and quarreaus to fly among them ; but so effectually did those within exchange their tokens with those without, that in one short hour there were many persons wounded and maimed, and I know not how many killed. ,vhen the men at arms saw that the footmen had sustained such iosses who had begun the attack, many ran there, many l~a.ped there, and many used such haste to go, that they did not deign to speak to any one. Then might there bo seen such kind of stones thrown as if they would beat ha.ts and helmets to powder, and brenk shields and targets in pieces; for to kill and wound was the game at which they played. lto!J~n 1Villou!JldJ!J, I. Lord JVillou9lt!Jy. 21 EDWARD I Great. shouts arose among them, when they pcr 1300. " Siege of Ci&r any Janruek "-Nicolas, cei-vcd that mischief occurred. pp. 67-69. There, first of all, I saw come the good Bertram de Montbouchicr, on whose shining silver shield were three rc ,vitb him Gerard d~ GondronviJle, an active and lwnc.lsornc bachelor. He had a shield neither more 11or less than vaire. 'l'hcso were not resting iJlc, for they threw up many a stone, and suffer~J ma.ny a hea,7y blow. 'l'hc fir:-t bo Holicrt. de \Yilloughby, I saw, bore gold frctty azure. Uohert de Ha.msart I saw arrive, fully pre pared, with fine followers, holding a red shield by the straps, containing three silver stars. Henry de Graham had his arms red as blood~ with a white saltire and ciiicf, on ,,bich he had three re G 22 Rubert 1i·illuuykoy, I. Lord lVillouykby. EDWARD I. 1300. Thomas de Richmont, who a second time ;o Sic..:e of Car- la ,·ct'Ol' k.' '-Ni::Qla.,;, pp. 71-73. collected some lances, had red armour, with a chief and two gcmcllcs of gold. These did not act like discreet people, nor as persons en lightened by undcrstan And those of Riclnnont passed at this moment quite to the bridge, and demanded entry; they were answered with ponderous stones and cornues. Willoughby in his adYanccs received. a stone in the middle of his breast, which ought to haTe been protected by his shicl Fitz-Marmndukt> had undertaken to endure as much in that affair as the others could bear, for he was like a post; but his banner rccciTed many stains, and mauy a rent difficult to mend. llamsart bore him!-elf so nol>ly, that from his shield fr·..igments might often be seen to fly in tl1e air; for he, and those of Hichmont, dro·1tc the stones upwards as if it were rotten, whilst those within defended themselves by loading their heads and necks with the weight of heavy biows. Those led by Graham did not escape, for there were not a.boTe two who returned unhurt, or brought back their shields entire. Then you might hear the tumult begin. With them were intermixed a great body of the King's followers, all of whose names, if I were to repeat, and recount their brave actions, the labour would be too heavy, so m::my were there, and so well did they behave. Nor would this suffice without those of the retinue of tl1e King's son, great numbers of whom came there in noble ar::-ay; Robert JV'£llouvld,!J, I. Lurd JVillua9ltlry. 23 EDWAlU>I. for mauy a shield newly painted and splcn 'rhcrc I saw Ralph de Gorges, a ncwly duhbcd knight, fall more than once to the ground from stones and tl1e crowcl, for he was of so haughty a spirit that he would not deign to retire. He had all bis harness and attire mascally of gold ancl azure. Those who were on tl1e wall Robert de Tony se,crcly harass('d, for he had in his company the good Richard de Rokelcy, who so well plied tho:.e within that he frequc-ntly obliged them to retreat. He had his shield. painted mascally of red and ermine. .A 'f he good Baron of ,vi gt own received such • hlows that it was the astonishment of all that he was not stunned; for, without excepting any lord present, none shewed a more resolute or unembarrassed countC'nance. He bore within a bordurc indented, three gold stars on sable. }fony a heavy and crushing stone did he of Kirkbride receive, but he placed before him a white shield with a green cross engrailed. So stoutly was the gate of the castle assailed by him, that never did smith with his hammer strike his iron as he and his did there . .Notwithstanding, there were showered upon them such hugt~ stones, quarrels, and arrows, that with _wounds and bruises they were so hurt 24: llobe-rt J Villou9hb!J, I. Lord JVilloagltby. EDWARl> L and exhausted, that it was with very great l:IOO. ,. Siei;e of Car Jayerock. "-Nicolu, difficulty they were able to retire. pp. 77-81. But as soon as they retreated, he of Clifford, being advised of it, and like one who had no intention that those within should have repose, sent his banner there, and as many as could properly escort it, with Bartholomew de Badle::s- . mere, and John de Cromwell, as those who could best perform his wishes ; for whilst their breath lasted, none of them neglected to stoop and pick up the stones, t.o throw them, and to attack. But the people of the castle would not permit them to remain there long. Badlcsmcre, who all that day behaved himself well and bravely, bore on white with a blue label a red foss between two gemelles. Cromwell, the brave and handsome, who ,vent gliding between the stones, bore on blue a white lion rampant double-tailed, and cro\\-ncd with gold; but think not that he brought it away, or that it was not bruised, so 1Uuch was it battered and defaced by sto~es before he retreated. After these two, La ,varde aud John de Gray returned there, and renewed the attack. Those within, who were fully expecting it, bent their bows and cross - bows, and prepared their espriugalls, and kept theru~elves quite ready both to throw and to hurl. Then the followers of my Lord of Brittany recommenced the assault, fierce and daring as lions of the mountains, and every c;lay improYing in both the practice and use of arms. Their party soon covered the entrance of the castle, for none could have attacked it more furiously. Not, howe,er, that it was so subdued that those · who came after them would not have a share in Robe~ Wulouyld.1!J, I. Lord JVillo-uy/1.by. 25 ED\V.\lU> 1. their labuurs; but they left more than enough l:!CIU. "Sic~c of Cnr• for them also. l~Tcr,ick."-Nicol.UI. pp. 81-'::u. After these, the people of my Lord of Hastings asscmlJlctl there, where I saw John de Cretinques iu He who bore a dancctte and billets of gold on blue, John Deincourt by name, rusheJ to the a~c:.ault, and there extremely well performed his duty. It was also a fine sight to se1:: the good brothers of Berkclt•y receiving numc.•rous blows; and the brothers Basset likewise, of whom tho ch.lest bore thus, ermine, a rc until the evening. Moreover, 011 the other side he was erecting three other c11ginc:-, very large, of great power and very destruct in•, which cut down and cleave whutever they strike. Fortified tol\""D, citadel, nor barrier-nothing is protected n 26 . llolk:rt J.,•,,:aou!JldJU, I. Lord fVilloug!tbg. --- . ------ E!>WAUD I. 1300. from their strokes. Yet those within did not "Si~of Car laTenx-k. "-Nicolau, flinch until some of them were slain, but then pp. 85-89. each began to repent of his obstinacy, and to be dismayed. The pieces fell in such mann~r, wnerever the stones entered, that, when th~y &truck either of them, neither iron cap nor wooden target could saYc him from a wound. And when they saw that they could not hold out any longer or cudnre more, the companions begged for peace, and put out a pennon, but he that displayed it was shot with an arrow, by some archer, through the hand into the face. '11 hc11 lie begged that tliey would do no more tu him, for they will give up the ca:,;tlc to the King, and throw them~elves upuu hi:-3 uu.:rc.,·. And the marshal and constable, wl10 always n•mained on the spoi, at that notice forbad the assault, and these surrendered the castle to them. And this is the nwnbcr of those who came out of it ; of persons of different sorts and ranks sixty men, ,,-ho -were beheld with much astoni~h ment, hut they were all kept and guarded till tho King commanded that life and limb should be given them, and ordered to each of them a new garment. Tlwu was the whole host re ioiccd at the news of the conquest of the castle, which was so noble a prize. 'l,hcn the King caused them to bring up his banner. anti that of St. Edmond, St. George, aud St. Edward, and with them, by established right, those of Segra,·e and Hereford, and that of the Lord of Clifford, to -whom the castle was entru~tecl. And then the King, who is well skilled in war, directed in what w·ay his 8.I'IllY should proceed. Herc ends the Siege of Cnrlnxerock. Robert IVillnu!JldJJ/, I. Lord lVil!m,!Jltb!J. 27. EDWARD II. On the 21st Juno, 1 Edward II. 1!308, 130/i. Loni Willou~hl,y W"illougbby was ordered to attend at Curli::;le ortlrred to Curli,;lc. Nicolas, p 327. with horse anrl arms to serve against tl1c Scots. Ju -L Edward 1310. upon the death of .A 11thony Found heir of the Bishop of lJurhu.m. lkc, Bishop of Durham, he was foun Ha,·i11 And iu 8 Edward 2 recch·cd lSH. c.,,mman • la the 8th Edward II. J:3]5, he was, with 1315. Lord Willon;;lal,y in •estis:&&tca co111plaiuts oihcn;, ordcrc JS18. Ile dieil in 1310, ag~u about. -16. Lorcl Willoui:hhy01 cleath.-Nicol...-, p. 32~. 28 Robert Willauylt!Jy, I. lord JV,illouglthy. ED\VAlW 11 1:ui;. By Margaret his wife, the daughter of Lord Ni'"ol:111, p. 3t8. Deincourt, he left John, his son and heir, then 14 years olcl. ARMS OF LORD WILLOUGHBY. (Ni~1&--. p. s2s.·; EDWARD IL _John \Villoughby, II. Lord ,villoughby. 1316. TIDJ Wardship of this John (being in minority), in considerntion of a Thousand Lord Willoa~hby"11 miMri ty and majority.-D11gJ:J.,_ Marks, was, in 16 Edward 2. granted to Vlillia.m, Lorcl Zonche of Haringworth. But not •· Barcwi~-e," p. S:. long after (viz., in 20 Echyai·d 2). he receiv'd the honor of Knighthood, by Bathing, &c. having all his accoutrements relating to that Solemnity allowed out of the King's V{arcJ.. robe: and, in 1 Edward 3. making proof of his age, had Livery of his Lands. EDWARD UL 133-1-13-13. ··1n 7 Edward 3. this John was in the Scottish ,vars. So likewise in 8 and 9 Edward 3. Enga~ in .evernl wnr!ilre J:xpeditiuns. - DugJale. p. being then in the retinue of Eubulo le Strange. Again, in 10 Ed\Yard 3 and 11 Edward 3. 63. and in 12 Edward 3. he was in that made into Flanders. So likelrise in 13 Edward 3. ancl in 16 Edward 3. charg'd ·with Twent:y )fen at .Armes, and Twenty Archers, for the \Yars of Fra.uce ; the King himself being in that Expedition. The King tooke shipping, and sailed into Nonnandie, ha-ving established the lord Percie Tho Kin~ pa!IM!th o,·('?· into . 1 h. b h ~ormaudy.-U'-'iin•hed"e &n d t l1c ord N cu , to b c wn.r d ens of h1s rca. mo in 1s a scnce, wit the Archbishop of 1 ill Cbrun., wL Ill., r- JG~. Yorke, the Bishop of Lincolnc, and the Bislwp of Duresmo. The nnnie which he ha EDWARD III. Uta. tho castcll they could not win. Then cnme they to Mountburgo and tooke it, robhcu it and burnt it cleanc. In this manner they passed foorth, o.nd burnt mo.nie to,vnos and villages in all the countrie as they went. Tho towne of Co.rentine wo.s delivered unto them against the ,vill of tho soldiers tha~ were within it. Tho soldiers defended the castcll two daies, and then yeelded it up into the Englishmen's hancls, who burnt the same, anu caused tho burgesses to enter into their ships. _ All this W'15 doone by the battcll 1 thnt went by the sea. siuo, and by them on tho sea togither. The order of Battle of the The King of England encamped in the plain, for he found the· country abou~cli~g in En~li,,l. at Cr,-..:y, who were drawn up in thr,-e Batta.lion, provisions ; but, if they shoulc.1 have failed, he had plenty in the cnn-iages which attended on foot.-Jobnca' i'roia:sart, on him. The army set about furbishing and repairing their armour; and the King gave 18-'7, Chap. a:nii. · a supper that evening to tho earls o.nd barons of his army, where they made good cheer. On their taking leave, tho King remained alone, with the _lords of his bed-chamber; he retired into his oratory, and, fulling on his knees before the altar, prayed to God, that, if he shonkl combat' his enemies on the morrow, he might come o.tf ,,·ith honour. .About midnight he went to his bed; and, rising early the next day, he and the Prince of ,vn1es hcanl mnss, aml communicated. The greater part ·of his army did the same, confossecl, and macle proper preparations. After mass, the King ordered his men to arm themselves, aml nsscwblc on tho groun IJ>WARD III. laff. of St. Peter's in Ahl.icYille, where be was Ioc1gcd: lrn:vin~ or EDWARDm 1a1e. Eut!e of Ctte7. and succour the Prince, if necessary•. You must know, that these Kings, Earls, Barons, and Lords of France, did not advance in any regular order, but one after the other, or any way·most pleasing to themselves. As soon as the King of France came in sight of the English, his blood began to boil, and he cried out to his marshals, " Order the Genoese forward, and begin the battle, in the name of God and St. Denis." There were about fifteen. thousand Genoese cross-bowmen ; but they were quite fatigued, having marched on foot that day six leagues, completely armed, and with their cross-bows. They told the constable, they were not in a fit condition to do any great things that day in battle. The Earl of Alenc;on, hearing this, said, "This is what one gots by employing such scoundrels, who fall off when there is any need for them." During this time a heavy rain fell, accom panied by thunder and a -very terrible eclipse of the sun; and before this rain a great flight of crows hovered in tho air over all those battalions, mn½ing a loud noise ... · Shortly after wards it cleared up, and the sun shone very bright : but the Frenchmen bad it in their faces, and the English in their backs. . Wnen the Genoese were somewhat in onler, and approached the English, they set up a loud shout, in order to frighten them ; but they r£-mained quite still, and did not seem to attend to it. They then set up a second shout, and advanced a little forward ; but the English never moved. They hooted a third time, advancing ·with their cross-bm,s presented, and began to shoot. The English archers then advanced one step forward, and shot their arrows with such force and quickness, that it seemed as if it snowed. 'Wl1en tho Gcnoese felt these arrows, which pierced their arms, bends, and through their armour, some of them cut the strings of their cross-bows, others fiuug them on tho ground, and all turned about and retreated quite discom.fiteu. The French had a large body of men-at-nnns on horse-back, richly dressed, to support the Genocse. The King of France, seeing them thus fall back, cried out, " Kill me those scoundrels; for they stop up our road, without any reason." You would then have seen the above-mentionc<.1 men-at-arms lay about them, killing all they could of these runaways. · The English continued shooting as vigorously and quickly as before; some of their arrows fell among the horsemen, who were sumptuously equipped, and, killing and wounding many, made them caper and fall among the Gcnocse, so that they were in such confusion they coulJ. never rally again. In the English anny there were somC' Con1ish and \Velshmen on foot, who had armed themselves with large knives : these, advancing through the ranks of the men-at-arms and archers, who bad made way for them, came upon the French when they were in this danger, and, falling upon Earls, Barons, Knights, and Squires, slew many, at which the King of England was afterwards much exnsperated. The valiant King of Bohemia was slain there. He was called Charles of Luxembourg ; for he was the son of the gallant King and Emperor, Henry of Luxembourg: having heard the order of tho battle, he inquired where bis son, the Lord Charles, was : his attendants answered, that they did not know, but believed he was fighting. .. The King said to them : " Gentlemen, you are all my people, my friends and brethren at arms this day : therefore, as I am blind, I request of you to leac.1 me so f3:r into the engagement that I may strike one stroke with my sword." The knights replied, they would directly lead him forward ; ancl in order that they might not lose him in the crowd, tliey fastened all the reins of their horses together, and put the King at their head, that he might gratify his wish, and advance towards the enemy. The Lord Charles of Bohemia, who already signed his name as King of Germany, and bore the arms, had come in good order to the engagewent; but when he perceived that it was likely to turn out against the J11h1Z J~il/011yltby, l l. Lt.ml Wilfouyld,!J. ------EDWARD IlL 1346. French, he departed, a.ml I do not well know wlmt roa coasting, as it were, the arclwrs, came to the Priac<;'s battali•Jn 1 ,d,N·e they fought valiantly for a length of time. The King of Pr:u1c:e was eagfl· to rn:m·h to the 1,1acc where he saw their banners soon dcstroyt• pressed. Tlw first division, sN·ing the numbers should incn'asc, they frar he will haYe too 11111<:h to do." 'l'Jw King n·pliccl, "h my son dead, unhorsed, or so baclly wounded that he c:annoi. i--upport. l1i1n"df?" "Nothing of the sort, tfomk Goel," 1·cjoinc-cl the E:night; "hnt. IH' js in so hot an c11gagc111cnt that lie bas great need of your lu:·Jp." Tiu• 1-~ing answf'1T late, for be was left dead on the field, a.nd_ so WU8 the Earl of .Aumarlc~ l,is nrphew. On K 34 Julin JV'illottg1t1.1y, II. l,o) d JVillou!JM'!I· EDWARD IIL 1318. lbttk- or CrN:J. the other hand, the Earls of Alent;on and of Flanckrs were fi~hting lustily unuer tJu:ir banners, and ,\·ith their own people; but they could not resist the force of the English, and were thcro slain, as well ns many other Knights and Squirl'S that were nttending on or accompanying them. 'l'he Earl of Blois, nephew to the King of Prnnce, und the Duke of Lorraine, his brother-in-law, with their troops, made a gallant defence; but they were surrounded by a troop of English and ,v clsh, and slain in spite of their prowess. Th£\ Earl of'St. Pol nnd the Earl of Auxcn-e were also killed, as well us many others. Lui~ after Yespcrs, the King of France had not more about him than sixty men, every one included. Sir John of Hainault, who was of the number, h;ul once re-mounted the King, for his horse had been kilk·cl under him by au arrow: he said to the King, "Sir, retn·at while you have an opportunity, and do not expose yourself so simply: if you have lost tbis battle, another time yon will Le the conqueror.,, After he had said this, he took the bridle of the King's horse, and lcu him off by force; for he hnd before entreated of him to retire. '11hc King rode on until lie came to the Castle of La Broycs, where he found the gates shut, for it was Ycry dark. The King onlcrcu the go'\"ernor of it to be summonea : he came upon the battlements, and asked who it wns that called at sud1 an hour? 'l'he King answered, "Open, 01,cn, govcn1or; it is the fortune of France." 'l'he g0Yen1or, bearing the l\ing's Yoice, imnicuiately descended, opened the g:.ttc, and let down tho bridge. The King and his company entered the castle ; but he bacl only with him five Barons, Sir John of llainault, the Lord Charles of ).fontmorcncy, the Lor Tho En~li•h an th<' mnrrow "\\lien, on this Saturday night, the English l1canl no more hooting or shouting, nor any agaiD drfr,,t tl,c t'r..-nch. Frvia.rt, Chap. cxxx. more crying out to particular LorJs or their banners, they lookecl upon the field as their o·wn, aud their enemies as beaten. They made great fires, and lighted torches because of the obscurity of the night. King Edward then came down from his post, who all thnt day had not put on his helmet, and, with bis whole battalion, advanced to the Prince of Wales, whom he embraced iu his nnns and kissed, and said, "Sweet son, God give yon good perseverance : yon are my son, for most loyally have you acquitted yourself this day: you are worthy to be a sovereign." The Prince Lowed do'\\-n ·very low, and humblcll himself, giving all honour to the King his father. The English, during tho night, made frequent tlmnksgh-ings to the Lord, for the happy issue of the day, and without rioting; for the King hnd forbidden all riot or noise. On the Sunday morning there was so great a fog that one could scarcely sec the distance of hnlf an acre. The liiug ordercu. a detaclnnent from the army, nuder the command of the two marshals, consisting of about five hunclrNl lances and two thousand archers, to make an excursion, and sec if there were any bodies of French collected together. The quota. of troops, from Uouen anu Beau,·ais, had, this Sunday morning, kft Ahhevillc and St. Hicquicr in Ponthieu, to join the French anny, nnd were ignorant of the defeat of the preceding evening : they met this detach ment, nncl, thinking they must be French, ha~lt•ned to join tl1cm. As soon as the Engiish. found ,..,·ho they were, they fell upon them; and there was a 35 ED\YARn III. 1:HG. sharp engagement; but tho J:4.,rench soon tnrne Tho 1·:ug-li~h numl>M- the ~his detachment, which had been sent to look after tho Frc·nch1 returned as tl,e King d,·a•l, :-l.,i11 at tho Luttl,, vf was coming from mass, nnd related to him all they had seen arnl met with. ..:\fkr he Jin.cl Cr,'<·y. --l:-01'~W.art, CL:ap. been assured lly them that there was not any appearance of the French collecting anotl1er C:Xllld. anuy, he sent to have the numbers and condition of the dcatl examined. He ordered on this business, Lord Reginald Cobham, Lord Stafford, and tlirc-(• heralcls to examine their anns, nn The Ki11g ordered the bodil's of the principal knights to Le taken from the grmaul 1 1':.ncl carried to the monastery of :\fontcnay, which was hard by, there to he intcrn•d in ronsc crntcd ground. Ile had it proclaim.eel in the neighbourhood 1 that he shonlo. grant n. truco for three clays, in order that the deaJ lllight be buried. He then marched on, passing hy ~Iontreuil-sur-mer. :His marshals made an excursion as far as Hesdin, and burnt Yanbuin and 8erain; lmt they could make nothing of the castle, as it wn.s toC' strong and well guarded. 1'hey lay that l\londay night upon the banks of the Canche, near Blangy. The next ,lny they rode towards Doulogne, and burnt the towns of-St. Josse and Kc:ufoh!!-tel: they aicl t,hc sa.mo to Estaplcs, in the country of the Boulonois. The whole anuy passed t~rough the forest of Hardelou, and the country of the Doulouois, and came to the large town of \Visa.nt, where the King, Prince, ari.u all the English lodged ; und, having refreshed th(;rnsclvcs there one whole EDWARD Ill. ------· -- -·------. UGO. Burke"■ rccra;e for 1882, He married Joan, daughter and heiress of Sir Thomns Uosccline, Knt., and wa:; p. 1110. ' succcedcu by his t.:ldest son, John. }:Fl•'lGIES OF LORD ". Jl,1.0l:Gnnr, ~\ND .JOAN UosCELl:SE 1ns· \Vin:, IN S1•1LSilY ClllJRCU, Ll~COL~SlllU.E. \Villoughby, III. Lord \VilloughlJy. EDWAim Ill. John 13Ja. IN the 26 Edward 3, this John, upon the danger of an I1n· ..1 :,iou by the French, was Lord Willou;.:M,y cun11ti• tut«:d a C..mwi..siom:r. ..:\.n-..iy --6i..11nc constituted one of tho Commissioners in Lincolnshire, to and. all Knights, Dui,-Jale, p. tia. Esquires, and other persons of body able, a.nd estate sufiicicnt, for defence of the Sea. coasts in that County. 13:i6. On the Sunday morning, the King of Franco, who was ·w·ry impatient to comhn.t the Thcduipoiiition uf th<" Frc-ncb kfure the battle of Poitier& English, ordered a solemn mass to Le sung in his pavili011 ; anc1 he and Lis four sons -Frviaaart, clu:i,. cli1. received the communion. )fass being on:r, there erune to l1im the Duke of Orleans, the Duke of Bourbon, the Earl of Ponthieu, the Lord .r~uncs de 11o~trbc,n, the Duke oi A01ens, Constable of France, the Earl of Tancan·illc, tlic Ea.rl of Sallzl.111r6, the Earl of Dammar tin, the Earl of Vanta L 88 Jol1,n, Willoo,gl,by, III. Lord Willoughby. EDWARD IIL 1368. the French army, and Lord John de Clermont, one of the King's marshals, had done. the same, to view the English. As each Knight was returning to his quarters, they met ; they both had the same device upon the surcoats which they wore over their other clothes; it was a Virgin Mary, embroidered on a :ficlcl azure, or, encompassecl with the rays of the sun argent. On seeing this, Lord Clermont said; " Chandos, how long is it since you have taken upon you to wear my arms?" "It is you who have mine," replied Chandos ; "for it is as much mine as yours." "I deny that," said the Lord of Clermont; "and were it not for the truce between us, I would soon shew you that yon hu.ve no right to wear it." "Ha," answered Sir John Chandos, "you will find me to-morrow in the ficlu, ready prepared to defend, and to prove by force of arms, that it is as much mine as yours." The Lord of Clennont replied ; " These are the boastings of you English, who can invent nothing new, but take for your own whatever you see ha~1usome belonging to others." "''ith that they parted, without more words, and each returned to his own anny. I wish to name some of the most renowned Knights, who were with the Prince of ,vales. There were Thomas Beauchamp Earl of \Ya.rwick, John Vero Ea.rl of Oxford, ,Yilliam Montacute Earl of Salisbury, R0Lc1t Ufford Earl of Suffolk, Halph Lord Stafford, the Earl of Stafford, the Lord Richard Stafford, brother to the Earl, Sir John Chandos, the Lord Reginald Cobham, the Lord Edward Spencer, the Lorcl James Audlcy and his brother the Lord Peter, the Lord 'l'homas Berkley (son of the Lord :\Iaurice lll•rkley, who diccl at Calais, nine yea.rs before), Half Lord Basset of Drayton, John Lord \Yarren, }>etcr Lord Maulcy, the sixth of the name, the Lord John "-illougl1by de I~rcshy, the Lord Bartholomew de Durghcrsh, the Lord "\Yilliam Felton ancl the Lord Thomas I<'dton his brother, the Lord Thomas Bradcstau. Sir \\~alter Puvcly, Sir Stephen Cossi11gton, Sir Matthew Gournay, Sir \Villiam de la :\Iore, and other English. The whole army of the Prince, including everyone, did not amount to eight thousand: when the French, counting all sorts of persons, were upwards of sixty thousand combatants ; among whom were more than thrc-c thousand Knights. Th" batUe or Poitier--, be The Prince haraugm:d his men ; as did the marshals, by his orders ; so that they were tw<'Cn th<- Frince c,f 'Wal,'ft and th«-' K ·ng of Franoe. all in high spirits. Sir Jolm Chandos placed himself near the P1·ince, to guard a.nd advise Fruill&lltt. chap. cW. him; and never, during that day, woula he, on any account, quit his post. 'fhc Lord James Amllcy remained also a consiuerable time near him ; but, when he saw that they must certainly engage, be said to the Prince, "Sir, I have ever served most loyally my Lord your father, and yourself, and shall continue so to do, as long as I have life. Dear Sir, I must now acquaint you, that fonnerly I made a vow, if ever I should be engaged in any battle where the King your father or any of his sons were, that I woula be foremost in the attack, ancl the best combatant on his side, or EDWARD III. 13~5. entcrccl the lune wl1ere tho hedges on Loth sides were li1wll Ly tho archers; ·who, as soon as they saw them fairly entered, began shooting with their bows in sud1 a.u excellent manner, from each si In a short time, this battalion of the marshals Wi.l.S t(itally <.fo;corufitl•cl; for they foll back so much on each other, that the army coulu not a.dvaaco, and those \\·ho ,,cw in the rear, not 1,eing nble to get forward, fell hack upon the battalion co11mw.111l~t1 by the Duke of Nomumcly, which was broacl and thid-i: in tlw front, but it was soon tl1i11 t.:llougl, in tho rear; for, when they lcarut that the marshals had becll defc.,.at.c • Their ll&ID~ were: J)uttm, of Dutton,-1.Jch·••" d lluddin.,rton,-Fowlcbu:-,,.t d Cr,,wc,-lln\\k<..': E.IJWARD ID. IW. The King's battalion advanced in good order, to meet the English : . many hard blows were given with swords, battle-axes, and other warlike weapons. The King of France, with the Lord Philip his youngest son, attacked the division of the marshals, the Earls of Warwick and Suffolk. King John, on his part, proved himself a, good Knight ; a.nd, if the fourth of his people had behaved as well, the day would have been his own. Those, however, who had I remained with him acquitted themselves to the best of their power, and were either slain or taken prisoners. Scarcely any who were with the King attempted to escape. Among the slain, were the Duke Peter de Bourbon, the Duke of Athens, constable of France, the Bishop of Chalons in Champagne, the Lord Guiscard de Bcaujeu, and the Lord of Landas. In another part of the field of battle, the Earls of Vauclemont and Genville, and the Earl of Vendome, were prisoners .. Not far from that spot were slain, the Lord "\Yilliam de X esle and the Lord Eustace de Ribeaumont. A Frencbma. running a It happened that, in the midst of the general pursuit, a Squire from Picardy, named way from the battle of Poitit-ra. ii panued by an John de Helcnnes, bad quitted the King's division, aucl, meeting his page with a fresh Engliahman, who ia buwidf horse, had mounted Lim, and made off as fast as he could. At tha.t time, there was near made priaoner-l'ruisam-t, CD&p. cwi. to him the Lord of Berkeley, a young Kuight, who, for the first time, hacl that da.y dis played his banner : he immediately set out in pursuit of him. ,vhcn the Lord of Berkeley had followed hun for some little time, John de Helcnncs tu1ned about, put his sword under his arm in the manner of a lance, and thus advancecl upon the Lord Berkeley, who taking his sword by the baudlc, flourished it, and lifted up his arm in order to strike the Stiuire as he passed. John de Hclennes, s£'ciug the intended stroke, avoided it, l,ut did not miss his own; for as they passed each other, by a blow on the arm he made Lonl Berkeley's sword fall to the ground. '\Yhcn the Knight found that he had lost his sword, and that the Squire had his, be dismounted, and made for the place where his sworcl lay : but he could not get there before the Squire gaYe hirn a violent thrust which passed through Loth his thighs, so that, not being able to help himself, he fell to the ground. John upon this dismounted, and, seizing the swonl of the Knight, advanced up to him and asked him if he were ,,illing to surrender. The Knight required his name: "I am called John de Helennes," said he, "what is your namP.?" "In truth, companion," replied the Knight, "my nawe is Thomas, and I am Lord of Berkeley, a very handsome castle sit.natca on the "river Severn, on the borders of Wales." "Lord of Berkeley," said the Squire, "you shall be my prisoner: I will place you in safety, and take care you are healed, for you appea.r to me to be badly wounded." The Knight answered, "I sun·ender myself willingly, for you have loyally com1uered me." He gave him his word that he would be his prisoner, rescued, or not. John then drew his sword out of the Knight's thighs and the wounds remained open; but he bound them up tightly, and, placing him on his horse, led him a foot-pace to Ch£Ltelhemult. He continued there, out of frieuclship to him, for fifteen clays, and had medicines administered to him. When the Knight was a little recovered, he had him placed in a litter, and conducted him safe to his house in Picarµ.y; where he remained more than a. year Lefore he was quite cured, though he continued lame; and when he departed, he pa.id for his ransom six thousand. nobles, so that this Squire became a Knight by the great profit he got from the Lord of Berkeley. The manner fn which Kin:; .. It often happens, that fort.une in war a.ucl love turns out more favourable and wonderful John wn11 taken pri,i,me1 at the battle of roiticra. th~in could have been hoped for 01· expected. To say the truth, this battle which was },ruit<...urt, chap. clsiii. fought near Poitiers, wu.s v~ry bloody and perilous: and the cornbatants on each side suffered 41 ------EDWARD IIL laH. much. TJw pnrsuit co11tinuecl cYen to the gates of I>oitiers, where there was much slaughter aucl on~rthrow of men and horses; for the inhabitants of Poitiers had shut their gates, and woulil suffer none to enter: upon which account, there was great butchery on the causeway, Lefore the gate, where such numbers were killed or wounded, that several surrondert~ .M 42 Jo/1.11, WilloU!Jltby, III. I,ord JVillouy/1,by. EDW4\RD IIt 13.iO. them. On their arrival, they askeu what was the matter: they were answered, that it was the King of France, who hwl been made prisoner, and that upwards of ten Knights and Squires challenged him at the same time, as belonging to each of them. '11he two Barons then pushed through the crowd by main force, and orue1·ed all to ch-aw aside. They com manded, in the name of the Prince, and under pain of instant death, that every one should keep hi~ distance, and not approach unless ordered or desired so to do. They all retreated behind the King; and the two Barons, dismounting, advanced to the King with profound reverences, and conducted him in a peaceable manner to the Prince of "·ales. n.-- rrtnce nf "t\.1111'~ mnlcl'~ Soon after the Earl of W anvick and the Lord Hcginald Cobham had left tlic Prince, as a hiwd,oolJIO pre,-cnt to tl1t' Lord J'amee Audlt•y, aftl'r ha.s been above related, he inquirccl from those Knights who were about him, of Lord the Battle nf Pnitir•r,c.• James Audley, and asked if anyone knew what was h('come oi him; "Yes, Sir," replied Fruiaii.rt, ch111>- clxiv. some of the company," he is very l,adly wounded, anu is lying in a litter harJ by." "By my troth," replie:c.1 the Priuce, "I am sore vexecl that he is so wounded. See, I beg of you, if he be uLle to bear being carried hither: otherwise I will collie and visit him." Two Knights directly left the Pri11c.:c, and coming to Lord James, tolu hi111 how desirous the Prince was of seeing him. "A thousand thauks to the Prince," answered Lord James, "for condcscernling to remc11111cr so poor a Knight as myself." He then called eight of his servants, and ha EDWARD UL l:S.iG. ' . When the Lord J amcs Amllcy was brought back to his tent, after having most respect Tho Lord J1ttr.C!II Audl•y gin.. to biA Squin:K tlae fully tlmukc EDWARD IIL UGO. Warwike, Suffolke, Hl'reford, (who also was Earle of Northampton), Salisburie, Stafford, and Oxford, the Bishops of Lincolnc, and Durham, aml the Lords Percic, Ncuill, Spenser, Kircliston, Rosse, l\fannic, Cobham, Mowbray, Do la. Ware, Willoughbic, }1elton, Basset, Fitz Water, Charleton, ..:\wlclie, Burwasch, awl otlwrs, beside Knights and Esquires, as Sir John Chandois, Sir Stephen Goussa.nton, Sir Nowell Loring, Sir Hugh Hastings, Sir John Lisle, Sir Richard Pemhruge, and others. The siege was laid before Hcimes about Saint A.nclrewes tide, and continued more than senen wcekes : but tho citie was so well defondea by the Bishop and the J~arle of Porcicu, and other cnpiteins within it, that the Englishmen could not obteine their purpose, anll so at length, when they cou1c1 not bane forrage nor other necessarie things abroad in the countric for to_ seruc their turne, the King raised his field, and departed with his annie in good order of battell, taking the way through Clmmpaigne, and so passed by Chaalom., and nftcr to :\Icrie on the riuer of Seine. From :Merie he cleparted und camo vnto Tonncre 'll.·un. Tonncre, wbich towne about the beginning of the foure and thirtith yearc of his rcigue was woonc by assault, but the castell could not be woone, for there was within it the Lord · Fiennes, Constable of France, and a great number or' other good wen of war, ,vhid1 defended it valiantlie. 1369. Tho Kitig of Frantt-, 111- The King of France, during the summer (13G!>), had made great prepnrntions of ships, t.:1,ding- to "'-'lld a lar"9 NaYAl Armnrucnt to tl,o bnrges, and other vcssl'ls in the port of Harflcur, with the intent of sending a large force Engli11h Cou11t, i11 prcvcntNl to Englnnd, well furnished with 111cn at arms, Knights and Squires. His brother, the b,- tho arrival of the Duko of Lnn,-,U N 46 JoJ,,,,.,, 1VillourJ7,by, III. Lord Willoughby. EDWABI>m 1370. Upon which they drew straws, and Silvestre Budcs bad the longest, which created a great la.ugh among the company. Silvestre did not tako it for a joke, but went and made him self ready: when, mounting his horse, he sot off ·with eleven men-at-arms, and rode for the castlo of Mont-paon. Thero were continued attacks eYery day mado on liont-paon. The English had brought thither large machines and other engines of assault, which they could now place near to the walls where the ditches were filled up. There were also footmen covered with largo shields, who worked with pick-axes, and laboured so earnestly that one afternoon they flung down upwards of forty feet of the wall. The Lords of the anuy directly oruered out a. body of archers, who kept up so ,vell-dircctccl ancl sharp an attack with their arrows, that none couhl stand again:::;t them, nor even show themselves. Upon this, Sir William de Longuevnl, Sir .A.lain de la. Houssaye, Sir Louis EDWARD III. 1173. . Willoughby, having been summon'd to Parliament from 24 Edwr,..rd 8. till 44 of that LordWillough1>J·•c1eat1i.-· 113 King's reign inclusive, departed this life upon Monday next ensuing tho Festival of tho Duidaic, iP• ' M. Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin, in 40 Ed ward 3. John JVillot,9hby, III. Lora Willoughby. EDWARD m ------137J. llarke'• Pecmgv fur 1882, His Lordship manied Cicely, daughter of Robc1t de Ufford, Earl of Suffolk, and was p.1370.. succeeded by his son, Robert. ~ MONU!ilENT OF Lon~ "rlLLOl:GllBY, IX SrILSBY Clll.iRCII, LIXCOLXSIIlltE. EDWARD m Robert \Villoughby, I\'. Lord \Villoughby. U73. THIS Robert, soon nfter, doing his Homage and Fealty, had Livery of his Lands: Lorc1Wmoagbhydoc,shom • Ed b h ago and l'Cl'Yt'S the king.- and , m 47 ward 3. cing t en retein'd by Indenture to serve the King with Thirty Dugdale, p. Sf. Men at Anns, and Thirty Archers, arrived with the Duke of Lancaster, at Calais. In the moneth of J ulic in this seuen and fourtith yeare of King Edward's reigne, the The Dake of Lancuu-ucnt ouer into France with an duke of Lancaster was sent ouer vnto Calis with an Annie of tbirtie thousand men (as annic.-Holinshed, vol.III. some write) but as Froissard saith, they were but thirteene thousand, as three thousand P· 4os. men of anncs, and ten thousand archers. This voiage had beene in preparing for the space of three yeares before. The Duke of Britaine was there with them, and of the English nobilitie, beside the duke of Lancaster that was their gcnerall, there were the Nobll'ID~ that went with ea.des of Wa.rwike, Stafford and Suffolke, tho Lord Edward Spenser that was constable of him in that journie. tho host, the lords \Yillonghhie, de Ia Pole, Basset, and diuerse others. Of knights, Sir Henrie Pcrcie, Sir Lewes Clifford, Sir \Villiam BC'n.uchampe, the Ch anon Robertsart, .\yalter Hewet, Sir IIugh Caluerlie, Sir Stephen Cousington, Sir Richard l.,onchardon, and ruanio other. \Vhcn they had mado rca.die their caringcs and other things neccssn.rie for such a ionrnic Thoy ~ through the countrie without u,,.,nulling which they had taken in hand, that is to say, to passo through the rca.lme of France vnto anyt.<•'"18. Burdeaux, they set forward, hauing their annio iliuidcd into three lm.ttels. The en.rlcs of Warwikc and Sufiolke did lead the forcward.: the two dukes of Lancaster and Dritainc, 0 50 Robert JVillouglwy, IV. Lord fVillougl1.by. EDWARD IIL 1373. tho middle ward or battell, and the rcreward was goucmcd by the Lord Spenser constable of the host. They passed by S. Omers, by Turrouane, o.nd coasted the countric of Arthois, and passed the wu.ter of Some at Corbie. They destroied tho countries as they went, and marched not pa.st three !cages a day. Thoy assailed none of tho strong townes nor fortresses. For the French king had so stuffed them with notable numLers of men of wnrrc, that they percciued they should trauell in vainc about the winning of them. At Roy in Vennandois, they rested them seucn daies, and at their departure set fire on the towne, because they could not win the church which was kept against them. From thence they drew towards Laon, and so marched forward, passing the rivers of Ysare, l\Iarne, Saine, and Yonne. The Frenchmen coasted them, but durst not approch to give them battell. The FrocchmPft meant not X eere to RilJaumonnt, about 80 Englishmen of Sir Hugh Culuerlie's band were dis to fight with the Fng!i.,J. mcn.-UoliDllhw, yoL III., tressed by 120 Frenchmen: and likewise beside Soissons, 120 English speares, or (as other p. 408. '\\Titers haue) fiftio speares, and twentie archers were "Vanquished by a. Burgonian knight called Sir John do Yicnnc, that had with him three hundred French speares. Of more hurt by anie incounters I read not that the Englishmen snsteined in this Yoinge. For the Frenchmen kept thcrn aloofo, and meant not to fight with their enemies, but one-lie to keepe them from vittcls, and fetching of forrage abroad, by rca:;on whereof t1w Englishmen lost manie horsscs, and were indeed drinen to great scarsitic of Yittels. ".,.ben they had passed the riucr of Loire, a.nd were come into the countric of Bt>rrie, they vndcrstood bow the Frenchmen laid themselues in sundrie ambushes tu RICHARD n. 1382. his co-heirs. In 9 Ilicha.rd 2. he acoompn.nyed John of Gant Duke of Lancaster into Lord Willoughby 1n Spllin -Dugdale, p. 84. Spn.in, for recovery of tho in hm·itanco of Constance his wife; and in 10 Richard 2. was cgain rcteined by Irnlcnturo to serve the King for the defence of this Realm. 13!>6. Ile departed this lifo upon the ninth day of August, 20 lticharu 2. Lord Willoai;rhb1'• death. Dugdale, p. St. E~'.FIGIES OF Lonu ,\-ILLOUGllBY, .A~D 1~LIZAilE1'll lllS 'l'uurn ,v1n: IN SJ>11.snY Cumwn, Li'!\COLNs1n1tE. Robert Willougliby, IV. Lor,l lVilloug11,by • . BICHA RD II. la96. Rum•• PC\:nage fur 1882, Lord Willoughby married Alice, elder daughter of Sir William Skipwith, Knt., Lord (I. 1370. Chief Baron of the Exchequer, temp. Edward III., by whom he had WILLIAM, his successor. THOMAS,. ancestor of the Lords Willoughby de Droke . JOHN, ancestor of the \Villoughbys, Baronets, of Baldon House, Oxou SEAL 01• LoRD WILLOUGUBY, From the Harley J.IS. 2-15, f. !Ii b. \Yillia1n \Villou (fh bv V. Lord ,Yilloughby, K.G. RICJIARD Il. b -'' 13~. TIIJ S ,Yilliain h:u1 LiYcry of his Lands; and was ouc of the Peers in that Parliament J.onl \Villuu;c:li Ly on,• of the rcc.-n of Puli11111t·nt. of :2~ HieharJ 2 at wl1id1. time E:illg Hid1ar J~nw R1('rrAm• T11.1-: !,~:,.-1:,sx,. Enlu:.:n, OJ' L,\::--Gr.,;y, Duko of York } Uncles to the King. ,To11::- M" G.\l':.-r, lbk0 of Lnucnslt·r Dt:KE or .\1;,:rnu:, (:S.,n t.o tho l>uke of York). Jksuy '. l>AGOT i Cr..•11t111·r•,, to Kiu:; Richard. G1u.:i-:s } I::1.1:L oF Xo;:-rHr~ua:1tL.~'-D. I..01:t• l{oss. J.ot.1' ,\-il.lkl~CIIIIY. tJnmd. 1\'ill l:i•: kill;( t·omP f that l m,1y bn·rtt11~ Gnunt nm I for the ~,·e, gaunt as a gr11Ye, my lu! .. L~ U!.1, tLin. lVilliam, JVilloughLy, V. Lo1·d JJ,"illouglt'b!f, K.G. RICHARD IL lffl. Of tho~ physicians thnt fi~t wounded thee : So much for tho.t.-Now for our Irish wars: A thou.sand fiatti:?rt!r8 sit witl,iu thy M"O\\"D, ,vo must supplant tlioBO rough rug-l1eadod koms ;• Whoso compass is no biggr•r than thy head; ,vhkh live liko venom, whore no vcuom else, And yet, incagecl in S•) small u Yerg1!, Dut only they, hath priYilcge to live. The wnsto i.<1 no whit lcssr,r th:in thy land. And for these b"l'Cat affairs clo ask some cho.rgo, 0, had thy grandsir~, with a proph£>t's eye, Towards our assistance, we clo seizo to us Seen how his eon's ROn shoul IUCllARD n 13119. Bid him repair to us to Ely-houso, NortJ&. Repl'OClch, and dissolution, h:ingeth over To soo this busin<>ss: To-morrow next him. ,ve will ior Irelu.ncl; nnd 'fo; time, I trow; I Roa,. Ilo lmth not money for theso Irish wnrs, And ,re create, in a'Lsenco of oul'lJ<--1£, Ilis burdcnous taxations notwithstanding, Our .uncle York lord governor of England, But by tho rolJl,iug of tho bani1:1h'J. • l'eriah by conft,tenco In our 1ccurtty. t Sto:it.. t E:q,e,!Ulot:, 11:illpplJ' •1th 11.ew fGtltbcra. i G1111111;:. 56 William JVillou.g/1.ilu, V. Lord JVillou9hhy, K.G. lllCBARD IL 1399. bolcllie protested, that they would not fight against the duke of Lancaster, whowe ,they knew to be euill dealt withall. 'I'be DGke of Lancut.er The lord treasuror, Bushie, Bagot, and Greene, perceiuing that the commons would landeth in Yorbhirc.- HoLiDabecl, ,. L IIL, P· • 0 498 cleaue vnto, and take part with the duke, slipped awaic, leaning_ the lord goucrnour of tho realme, and the lord chancellor to make what shift they could for themselucs: Ba:;ot got him to Chester, and so escaped into Ireland ; the other fled to the castell of Bristow,. in hope there to be in safotic. Tho duke of Lancaster, after that he had coasted alongst the shore a certeine time, and had got some intelligence how the peoples minds were- affected towards him, landed about the beginning of Julie in Yorkshire, at a plnec sowetime called Rauenspur, betwixt Hull and Bri 1'be harta of the C01Dmnn1 The duke of Yorke, whome King Richard had left as gouernonr of the renlmc in his wholie 'beGt lo the D1.1lu, .,f absence, hearing that his ne1,buc the Duke of Luncaster was. thus w.Tiued, a.nd hnd gathered an anuic, he also assembled a puissant power of men of anncs and archers (as before yee hauc heard) but all was in vaine, for there was not a man tlu1.t williuglie would thn1st out one arrow against the duke of Lancaster, or his partakers, or in anie wise offend him or his freC'lllls. The Duke of Yorke therefo1·e passing foorth towards \Vales to meet the King, at his comming foorth of Ireland, was receiucd into the castell of Berkelie, and there remained, till the comming thither of the duke of Lancaster (whom when he per ceined that he was not able to resist) on the sundaie, after the feast of saint James, which as that yeare came about, fell vpon the fridu.ie, he cawe foorth into the church that stood ·without the castcll, and there communed with the uuke of Lancaster. '\Yith the duke of Yorke were the bishops of Norwich, the lord Bcrkelic, the lord Seimour, nnd other: with the duke of Lancaster were these, Thomas Aruudcll archbishop of Canturlmrio that hall ~eenc banished, the ablmt of Leicester, the earlcs of Northumberland and ,vestmerland, Thowas · ArunJ.cll sonno to Richard late earle of ..:\runucll, the baron of Greistokc, the lords ":-illoughbie and Ros, with uincrsc other lonls, knights, and other people, which du.ilic came to him from eueric part of the rcalme: those that came not were spoiled of nil they had, so n.s they were ncucr able to rccouer themsclucs a.gn.inc, for their goo Tms present Indenture made the nine and twentith dn.io of September, in the yenrc of The King rcnounCCIII bia right. and tit.le to govern. our Lord 13DO. Witncsseth, that where by the a.uthoritie of the lords spiritunll and Engla&nd, uuro Henry. D11ko of Lancatotcr and Hereford. temporall of this present parleme11t, and commons of tho so.me, the right honorabl e -Huliru.bed, YUl. 111., P• and discreet persons hecre vnder named, were by the said authoritie assigned to go to the 6'.. Tower of London, there to beare and tcstifie such questions and answers as then and there should be by the said honourahle and discreet persons hard. Know all men, to whome these present fetters shall come, that we, sir Richard Scroope archl,ishop of Yorke, John bishop of Hereford, Henrie earl of Northmnh(irland, Rafe earle of ".,.est- merland, Thomas lorc.l Dcrkeleie, William ahhat of,Yestminster, John prior of Canturburic, William Thiming and Hugh Burnell knights, John Mai·kham iustice, Thomas Stow and John Burbadge doctors of the civill law, 1'l10mas Erpingham and Thomas Grey knights, Thomas Fercbie and Denis Lopch:un notaries publike, the daie and yeere aboue said, betwcene the honres of eight and nine of the clocke Lefore noone, were present in the cheefe chamber of the kings lodging, "ithin the said place of the Tower, where was rehearsed vnto the king hy the mouth of the forc>said earle of Kortbumberlancl, that hcforo time at Conwaie in Northwalcs, the king heiug there at his plt•asure and libcrtic, promised vnto the archbishop of Canturlmrie then Thomas Annl(ll'll, and -rnto the said earle of Northumberland, that be for insufficiencie which he kul\w l1imsclfo to be of, to occupie so great a charge, as to gonernc the reahuc of England, he would gla 13th of September ensuing: he had sulllmons to Parliumeut from the 20th Richard 2 to 1409. 11 Henry 4. Lord ""illongl,by'11 d,•ath. -Bnrku'e Extinct :r~go. He died in 1409. p. 6i6. Q 58 William WilloU!Jllby, V. Lord Willoughby, K.G. lJ'ENRY IV. 1409. Barke'• Peerage for 1882, Married Lucy, daughter of Roger, Lord Strange of Knock;:n, by whom he had p. 13,0. RoBERT, hi" successor. Thomns, (tiir), a celebrated wnrrjor, who received the honour of knighthood for his valour in the field. Be murricd Joan, d11ughtcr and co-heir of Sir Richard Aruu ARlfS OP Lonn ,v1LLOCGIIIlY. (}'rum A~bmvlc'a Crder of the Garter.) HENRY V. Robert \Villough by, VI. Lord ,villoughby, K._G. 1'16. THIS Robert, being a most active :mll heroick person, in the 3 Henry 5, attemlcd tl1&.t Lord Willoughb7 att,,rul• the King into }'rar,ce. warlike king into France, and was with him when he took Hareflew. Dagdale, p. S.S. 'l'he flue and twentith of Octul>er 1-11;3, being then }'riclaie, and the feast of Crispine Battle of Airncourt. lfulioahed, TOL JII., p. S-52. ancl Crispinian, a day faire and fortunate to the Euglish, Lut most sorrowful and vnluckie to the French. In the morning, the French Captcins made three Lattcl~, in the vav.-arcl were eight thousand healmcs of knigl1ts and csquicr:;, foure thousan In the middle ward, were assigned as manie pc>rsom~, or more, as were in the foremost The 'FN>nt:h •~tttmro "is: tc one Eng!i•h. hat.tell, and the charge thereof was committed to the <1nkf's of Bar and Alanson, the earles of Neuers, Vauclemont, Blamont, Salinges, Grant PreP-, ancl of Ru~sie. And in the rcrcward were all the other men of armes g11ided hy the enrles of )farle, Dampma.rtine, Fanconberg, and the lord of Loun-cic capteine of An1e, who had with him t.he men of the frontiers ot Bolonois. Thus the }'renchmen 1,c·ing tmlercd vnder their st.an JrENlt!' V. Hl6. BatU. of .6.giaooart.-Th• First he sent priuilio two hundred archers into a. lowe merlow, which was neere to the orJ11r of the Eagliab armie aacl an:bera. - HoJinebwl, vauntgard of his enimics : but separated with a. great ditch, commanding them there to YOL Ill., P· 6H. keepe themselues close till they had a. token to them giuen to let drive at their acluersnries, beside this, he appointed a. vaward, of the which he made capteine, Edward duke of Yorke, who of an haultie courage had desired that office, and with him were the lords Beaumont, Willough_bie, and Fanhope, and this batten was all of archers. The middle ward was gouemed by the king himsclfe, with his brother the duke of Glocester, and the Earles of Marshall, Oxenford, and Sutrolke, in the which were all the strong bilmen. The duke of Excester vncle to the king led the rerewaru, which was mixed both with bilmen and archers. The horsscn:ion like ,rings went on enerie side of the batten. A.rchera the ~reateet force Thus the king hauing ordered his ba.ttcls, feared not the puissance of his enimics, but of chfl Engliah vmie. yet to prouide that they should not with the multitude of horsscmen breake the order of his archers, in whome the force of his armie consistec. [For in those daies the yeomfln had their funs at libertie, sith their hosen were then fastened ·with one point, and their jackes long and easie to shoot in; so that they might draw bowes of great strength, nnd shoot A poli:.ike iAuea\i,,o. arrowes of a yard long; beside the bead] he caused stakes bo,undwithiron sharpe at both ends, of the length of fine or six foot, to be pitched before the archers, and of ech side the foot men like an hedge, to the intent that if the bardcc.1 horsscs ran rashlie ,-po~ them they might shortlie be gored and dcstroietl. Certeine !)Crsons also were appointed to remoouc the stakes, as by the mooueing of the archers occasion and time should require, so that the foot men were hedged about with stakes, anc.1 the horssomen stood like a bulwarko bctweene them and their enimi06, without the shtkes. This deuise of fo1tifieng an annic, was at this time first innented. King Henrie, by reason of his small numl>er of people to fill up bis battels, placed his vnuntgarJ so on the right hand of the ma.ine battell, which himselfe led, that tl1e distance betwixt them might scarse be perceined, and so in like case was the rereward joined on the left hand, that the one might the more rcadilio suecour an other in time of need. "11en he had thus ordered bis battels, he left n. small companie to keepe his campe and cariage, which remained still in the village, and then calling bis captcins and lung He.ar;.,•• or~&iota to soldiers about him, he made to them a right graue oration, mooning them to plaie the men, bis 111ea. whereby to obteine a. glorious victorie, as there was hope certeine they should, the rather i{ they would but remember the just cause for which they fought, and whome they should incounter, such faint-hartecl people as their ancestors had so often ouercome. To conclude, manie words of courage be vttercd, to stirre them to doo manfullie, assuring them that England should ncuer be charged with bis ransomc, nor anie Frenchman triumph oner him .as a captiue, for either by famous death or glorious victorie v;ould he (by God,s grace) win honour and ·fame. Whilest the king was yet thus in speech, either armie so maligned the other, being as then in open sight, that euerie man cried, Forward, forward. The dukes of Clarence, Glocester, .and Yorke, were of the same opinion, yet the king staied a while, least nnie jeopardic were not foreseene, or anie hazarc.l not prenentcd. 'J.1hc Frenchmen in the rneane while, as though they had been sure of victorie, made gren.t triumph, for the captcins had determined before · how to diuide tho simile, and the soldiers the night before hnd plaid the Englishmen at dice. The noble ruen had deuised a. chariot, whe1·cin they might triumphantlie conucie the, . king captiue to tho citic of Paris, crieng to their soldiers : Haste yon to the spoilc, glorie and houc,ur, little weening (God wot) bow soone their brags should be blowne awaie. They thought themselu~s so sure of victorie, that diuerse of the noble men made such . . Bobert Willou9l1,by, YI. Lord JY.illougl1,by, K.G. 61 · ·.B~~~y V. l.4'1i. hast towards the battell, that they left manie of their semants and men of warre behind B11ttl6 of Agineourt. l:l.ili11.lu:d, yo:. 111., p. 6~1. them, and some of them would not once sta.ie for their standarus : as amongst other the duke of Brabant, when· his standard was not come, caused a. banner to be taken fro111 ::i. trumpet and fastened to a speare, the which he commanded to be borne before him in stcec.1 of his standard. But when both these armies ccmming within danger either of other, set in fall orc1cr of battell on both sides, they stood still at the first, beholding either others demeanour, being not distant in sunder past three bow shoots. Thercvpon all things considered, it was determined, that sith the Frenchmen would not come forward, the king with his annie imbattlled should march towa1ds tliem. These made somewhat forward, before whome there went an old knight Sir Thomas T.iio Engliab gauo: tLe on11et.. Erpingham with a warder in his hand: and when he ca.st up his warder, ·all the a~·rnio shouted, but that was a signc to the archers in the medow, which thcrwith shot wlwlio altogether at the vauward of the Frenchmen, who when they perceiucu tlle archers iu tho niedow, and saw they could 11ot come at them for a ditch that was betwixt them, with all The two annle:. juiti b11tie1L hast set vpon the foreward of king llonrie, but ycr they could joine, the archers in the fore- front, and the archers on that side which stood in the medo,v, so wounded the footmen, galled the horsscs, and combrcd the men of mmcs, that the footmen durst not go fonnml, the horssemcn ran togither upon plmnps without orclcr, some ouerthrew such as were n(::xt them, and the horsses oucrthrcw tLeir masters, and so at the :first joining, the Frenchmcu were foulie discomforted, and the Englishmen highlie inconraged. When the French '"auward was thus brought to confusion, the English archers en.st 'l'be nuward of th-, Frcacb awaie their bowes, and tooke into then- han R 62 Ilooert Willouyhby, VI. Lord Wi.llouylthy, K.G. HENtiY V. l4lf. n.. ttte of Agincourt.. -=,Tbe that tho English tents and pauilions were a good waie distant from the annie, without anie King"11Citmp,• robbed.-.- llolituihcd, vul. IIL,pp:is-t, sufficient gard to defcncl the same, entred upon the king's campe, and there spoiled the hails, robbed the tents, brake vp chests, and caried awaie caskets, and slue such servants as they found to make anie resistance. But when the outcrie of the lackies and boies, which ran awaie for feare of the French men thus spoiling the campe, came to the king's eares, he doubting least his enimies should gather togither againe, and begin a new field ; contrarie to his accustomed gentlenes, commanded by sound of t1·umpet, that euerie mnn (vpon paino of death) should inconti All the priStJnen alalne. nentlie slaie his prisoner. When this dolorous decree, and pitiful proclamation was pronounced, pitie it was to sec how some Frenchmen were suddenlie sticked \\ith daggers, some were brained with pollaxes, some slaine with malls, others had their throats cut, so that in effect, hauing respect to the great number, few prisoners were saued. ,vhen this lamentable slaughter ,vas ended, the Englishmen disposed themselues in order of battell, readie to abide a new field, and also to inuade, and newlie set on their enimies, with great force they assailed the earles of ~Iarle and FauconLriJge, and the lords of Louraie and of Thine, with six. hundred men of armes, who had all that daie kept togither, but now slaino and beaten downe out of hand. Some write, that the kiug perceiuing his enimies in one part to assemble togither, as though they mea11t to giue a ne,v battell for A right "IMllC ana nliant prc>seruation of the prisoners, sent to them an herald, commanding them either to depart challengo of tlae King. ont of his sight, or else to come forward at once, and giue battcll: promising herewith, that if they did offer to fight againc, not onclie those prisoners which his people alreadie had taken ; but also so manic of them as in this new conflict, which they thus attempted should fall into his hands, shouh.1 die the death without re .a. wortblo example or a kncele downe on the ground at this verse: Non nobis Domine, non nobis, sed nomini tzw godly prince. da 9loriam. Which doonc, he caused Te Demn, with certeinc anthems to Le soong, giuing laud and praise to God, without boasting of his owne force or anio humane power. iiontioie king at arm.es and foure other French heralds came to the king to know the number of prisoners, and to desire buriall for the dead. He feasted the French officers of armes that daie, and granted them their request, which busilie sought through the field for such as were slaine. lfoblemen priaonen. There were taken prisoners, Charles duke of Orlcance nephuc to t110 French king, John duke of Burbon, the lord Bouciqualt one of the marshals of France (he after died in England), with a number of other Lords, knights, and esquicrs at the least :fiftcene hundred, besides the common people. There were slaine in all of the French part to the The 11nmbor eWne on the number of ten thousand men, whereof were princes and noble men bearing bancrs one French pan. hundred twentie and six; to these of knights, esquiers, and gentlemen, so mn.nie as made vp the number of eight thousand and foure hundred (of the which flue hundred were dubbed knights the night before t-he battell) so as of tho meaner sort, not past sixteene hundred. Amongst those of the nobilitie tha.t were slainc, these were the cheefo:;t, Charles lord de la Breth high constable of France, Jaques of Chn.tilon lord of Dampier, admerall of France, the lo;d Rrunbures master of the crossebowcs, sir Guischard Dolphin Bobert Willougltby, VI. Lord JVillougT,by, K.G. 63 BENRY V. 1416. great master of France, J ~hn Duke of Alanson, Anthonio duke of Brabant brother to the Battle of Aginoourt. 0 55 duke of Burgognie, Edward duke of Bar, the earle of Neucrs an other b1·othcr to the duke Holin!becl, " 1. UL, P. 6. of Burgognie, with the earles of ~Iarle, Vaudemont, Beaumont, Grandprce, Roussie, Fauconberge, Fois and Lestrake, beside a great number of lords and barons of name. Of Englishmen, there died at this bat tell, Edward duke of Yorke, the earle of Suffolke, Engliehm= alaino. sir Richard Kikelie, anu. Dauie Gamma esquier, and of all other not auoue fiuc and twentie persons, as some doo report; but other writers of greater credit affirme, that there ware slaine aboue flue or six hundred persons. The duke of Glocester the kings brother, was sore wounded about the hips, and borne downe to the ground, so that he fell backwards with his feet towards his enimies, whom the king bestrid, and like a brother valiantlie rescued from his enimies, and so sauing his life, caused him to be conucied out of the fight, into a place of more safetie. Hl7. Upon the three and twentith of Julie, the king tooke his ship at Portcsmouth, accom- The King took lhip at Portt."'l!louth &nd bnded in panied \\ith the dukes of Clarence and Glocester, the earls of Huntington, :Marshall, Normandy.- Bolinabed. Warwike, Deuonshire, Salisburie, Suffolke, and Summerset; the lords Rosse, \Villoughbie, ToL ur.• P· Gss. Fitz Hugh, Clinton, Scroope, Matreuers, Burchier, Feneis of Grobie, andFerreis of Chartleie, Fanhope, Graie of Codnore, sir Gilbert Umfrcnillc, sir Gilbert Talbot, and diuerse other; and so hauing wind and weather to his desire, the first daie of August he landed in Normandie, necre to a ca:;;tell callc:d Touque, where he consulted with his capteins, what wa.ie was best for him to take concerning his high enterprise. His armie contcined the number of sixteenc thousanJ foure hundred solJiors nnd men Tho 11unibtt of tho 1Trnle 16,(00 of hia owno puni~..i• · of warre of bis own pun1eiance, besi HE..~RY V. 1417. neoessarie and defensible. But his majestie doubting least the Frenchmen would ha.ue burned the suburbs and buildings without the walles, sent the Dnke of Clarence with 1,000 men before him, to preuent that mischecfo. The duke comming thither, found the suburbs alreadie set on fire, but vsed such diligence to quench the same, that the most part was sa.ued. He also wan the abbeie church, which the Frenchmen were in hand to haue ouer throwne, by vndenuining the pillcrs; but the duke obteining the place, filled up the lllines, and so preserucd the church. Then came the king before the tov."Ile, who caused forthwith to be cast a decpe trench, with an high mount, to keepe them within from issuing foorth, and that doone, began fi.ercelie to assault the towne ; but they within stood ma.nfullie to their defense, so that there was sore and cruell fight betwixt them and their cnimies. But when king Henrie perceiued that he lost more than he wan by his dailie assaults, he left off anie more to assault it, and determined to oucrthrow the wals, with vndermining. "\Vherefore with all diligence, the pioners cast trenches, made mines, and brought timber: so that within a few daies, the wa.ls stood onelie upon posts, readie to fall, when fire should ho pnt to them. The king meaning now to giue a gencrnll assault, caused all the capteins to assemble before him in counccll, vnto whome he declared his purpose, commanding them not before the next daie to ,,tter it ; till by sound of trumpet they should haue warning to set forward Tho lder of tbe auault. towards the wals. He also prescrihcd vnto them, what order he would haue them to keepe, in giuing tho assault, and that was this ; that cuerio capteine dcuiding his band into three seuern.11 portions, they might be rcadie one to succeed in a.n others place, as those which fought should happilie be driuc11 backe and repelled. In the morning next following, being the 4th of September, somewhat before the breake of daie, he caused his people to approch the wals, and to shew countenance, as though they would giue a gcncrall assault ; and whilcst they were busied in assailing and defending on both sides, the Englishmen pearscd rmd brake through the wals by diuerse holes and ouer tnres made l,y the pioncrs, -rndcr the foundation : yet the king vpon dittc·rso respects, offered them within pardon of life, if they would yield thcmselues and the town.a to his mercio; but they refusing that to doo, the assault was ne,\ lie begun, and after sore fight continued for the space of an hourc, the Englishmen preuailed, and slue so manio as they found \\ith weapon in hand, rcadic to regist them. The duke of Clnrcnce was the first that entred v.ith his people, and baning got the one part of the towne, assailed them that kept the bridge, and by force beating them backe, passed the same, and so came to the wals on the other side of the towne, where the fight was sharpe and fierce ; but the duke with his people setting on the Frenchmen behind, as they stood at defense on the wals, easilie vanquished them, so that the Caen taken b7 the Engiillh- Englishmen entrccl at their pleasure. Thus when the king was possessed of the towne, llleD. he incontinentlic commanded all armours and weapons of the vanquished, to be brought into one place, which was immcdiatelic doone. Then the miserable people came before the king's presence, and-kneeling on their ln1ees, held vp their hands, and cried; :Mercie, mercie: to whom the king gauo certcine comfortable words, and bad them stand vp. All night ho caused his arm.ie to keepe themselues in or HENRY V. HJ7. at tho assault they had shewed good proofe of their manhood and valiant courages. Willoughby was one of the chief Commanders at the siege of Ca.en. In consideration Lord Willourhby f('W:trdl'd by a gnuit..-l>ugilale, p. 65. whereof, and of his great Services in those "\\'-a.rs, he obtained a Grant of one hundred pounds per annum, to be yearly received out of the Customs of Wools, Wool-lfells, and Pelts, in the Port of Boston. 1421. The king made grcn.t purueiance for the coronation of his queene and spouse, the faire The ooronatiou of Quei-11• Katharine. - llvlin~l,ed, ladie Katharine: which. was doone the daie of S. :Matthew, being the twentie fourth of vol. ill., PP· s1s. si:1. Februnrie, with all such ceremonies and princelie solemnitie as appcrteined. After the great solemnization at the foresaid coronation in the church of Saint Peters A roiall bankct. at" Westminster, the quecne was conueied into the great Hall of Westminster, and there set to dinner. Upon whose right hand sat at the enu of the table the archbishop of Cantur- burie, and Henrie carclinall of ,Vinchester. Upon the left hand of the queene sat the king of Scots in his estate, who was scrued with couned messe, as were the forenamed Li shops: but yet after them. Upon the same hand and si The second course was: gcllie coloured with columbine flowers, white potage or crcame The IIOOOlld onurre. of almonds, hreame of the sea, coonger, soles, cheuen, barbill and roch, fresh salmon, s 66 Bobert WillO'Uflhb!I, YI. Lord Willougl1.by, K.G. halibut, gurnard, rochet broiled, smelts fried, creuis or lobster; leech darnaske, with. the kings poesie flourished therevpon, -zme sans plus; lamprie fresh baked, flampcine flourished with ~ scutchion roiall, and therein three crownes of gold, planted with flourdeluces and fioure of camomill,wrought of confections; with a deuise of a panther, and an image of St. Katharine with a wheele in one hand,and a scroll with a poesie in the other, to wit, La royne ma file, in cesta ile, Per bon resoun, aues reuoun. 1'Jae third COUTIIOo The third course was, dates in compost, creame motle, carpe deore, turbut, tench, pen.rch with goion, fresh sturgion with welkes, porperous roste~1, mennes fried, creuisse de eau doure, pranis, eeles rosted with lamprie, a. leech called the white leech flourished with hawthome leaues and red hawes ; a marchpane garnished with diuerse :figures of angels, among which was set an image of Saint Katharine, holding this posie, 11 est escrit, pur voir et eit, , Per marriage pure, cest guerre ne dure. And lastlie a denise of a tiger looking in a mirror, and a. man sitting on borsscbacke all armed, holding in his armes a. tigers whelpe with this poesie: Per force sans ,·esoun ie ay pri..qe ceste !Jest : and with his owne hand making a countenance of throwing of mirrors HENRY VI. at the great tiger, which held this poesie: Gile cite mi1Tour ma feste distou,r. Thus with all honour was finished the solemne coronation. Loni Willoughby w"ee in ,vmonghby, in 1 Henry 6. was again reteine was deliuered to the duke of Be ftF.~RY VL 142,S. The EArl of Sati~bury bo The earle of Snlislmrie hesiE'g~ G°" to Bohemia. of thirty six, and in 7 Henry 6. accompanied the gre3,t Cardinal Beaufort, in his journey to Bohemia. 1431. Saint S. G<'rine beai~;.'"t:C!. Robert Lord Willougl1Lie, ancl 1fatthew Gough, a valiant Welshman, with fifteen hundred Holinshrd, t'ol Ill. p. GO,. Englishmen, laid siege to a towne in Anjou ca.lletl saint. Seuerine. ,vhereof Charles the French King bc>ing adnertigcd, sent with all speed the lord Ambrose de Lore, with manic noble men to the succours of them within the towne, whereof the same lord Ambrose was captdne; aml therefore mallc the more hast to releene his deputic, and the other being strc·ictlie beseiged, but yet staied at the towne of Be:1.umont, till his whole power might come to him. The Englishmen adncrtisccl of this intent of the cnptcine, came vpon him in the night, and found the Frenchmcns watch so out of order, that a thousand men were entered into the campc before they were espied : by reo.son whereof the Englishmen found small resistnnce. But when tl1e daic hegan to appen.re, and that the snnne had set foorth his bright bcames a.broa The Frenchmen entering into high Bnrgognic, hnrnt, tooke, anil dcstroicd diuerse Lord wmuugbbie ..:u1 ::iu townes; the Bnrgogni,ms a.s3embled a armie both to rcuenge their Thomas Kiriell, aent by the ,..-herc-.-pon gr~1.t Duke of Bedford to Bill'• quarrels, anJ to r~coucr their towues taken from them. To whome as his freencls, the duke J:ngnie, returll with great rietorie. of Bedford sent the lorcl ,Yillonghl,ie, ancl sir Thomas Eu:iell, ,yith a conncnient number of souldiers, wl1ich entering into Ow buds of Lnonnois, were incountered with a great power of their e11imic$. But after Jong fight, the Frenchmen were ouerthrowne, and of them left dead in the field, au hurn1rcd and sixlie horsscmen, beside prisoners, which after vpon vrgent cause were all killed. Lord Willonghuie an Many Y:i l{lrous nets were done on both siues; 1,ut, in the end, the English Jost the day, partly from Urn prisoners whom they bad taken at Vivien joining tho French. A valiant knight, 11:1.111<',l Arthur, wus slain, aml ~Iu.thn.gon maue prisoner. Four hunure smol:1:, tL1i!] sone after, hrast ont in tlame, (ns you shall Rhortly, appnrnuntly pcrcciue). Aft.er wLn;,•.; tlt"·pnrturc, t.hc inh~tLitair.es of Pounthoysc rebelled, and drone out the English- men 1,y , 1 ·ry fore;e, and n:nt1C'rcd themselfes snhjcctcs to king Charles. This tonne was swalJ, 1.i~11. the lo~se was great, for it was the Yery conucnicut kaye, betwene Paris ancl Norman • large. 1435 But l1N·:rc i~ 011e checfc point to be notecl, tlmt either the disdeine amongest the cheefe Sir~ of Pari 11 .-Holiuabtc1, ,11.L ill., p. 61:i. }lccr0s nf Uw realmo of Bngbn Collin■' Peerage, Toi. •., p. posses~-ion of Charles the French king, after it had been 15 yea.rs in the h:mds of the ,~ English. lUl. Lord Willoughby gaTe bat In 20 Henry G, '\Yillongbby gave battle to the French near Amiens; nnd being victorious, tle to tho .t·rcnch.-.Vugdlllc, rctnrnecl with great booty to Roan. In the which year he was made Master of the .Kings p. 86, Hart-Hounds. Lord Willoughby tent to In the beginning of th!s twentith yeare, Richard duke of Yorke, regent of France and d'!l>troy the cc.,untry of Am• goncrnour of ~ omtanclie, determined to inuade the territories of his enirnics both by icn1.-Holinahed, Tol. 111., p. 519. sundrie armies, nnd in seueral places, and thcrcvpon without delaie of time he sent the lorcl of Willoughbie with a great crue of soluiers, to destroie the countrie of A.miens, and John lord Talbot was appointed to besiege the towne of Diepe: and the regent himself, accompanied with Edmund duke of Summerset, set forw::u·d into the duchie of .Anjou. The lord ,vmoughLic, ncc·orcling to his commission, entred into the countrie of his enimies in such wise vpon the sudden, that a great number of people were _ta.ken ycr they could withdraw into nnic 1,lacc of safegnrd. lwbert Wil~oayltbg, VJ. LOTd H'illc,·ugld,y, K.G. 73 llE~RY VL lUI. The Frenchmen in the garrisons adjoining, astonicd with the· clamour nnd ciic of the poore people, issued out in good order, and manfullio fought with the Englit:d1meu. But in the end, the Frenchmen seeing their followcs in the forefront slainc downc, and Jdld without. J-:,-1,· ,,r :;:;.,i,,t l'nnlc Creenl tv t!,, E11glibh. mercie, turned their backcs and fled. '1.1l1e Englishmcu followed, and slue 11rnnie in the chase, and such as escaped the sword, were robhcd by the ea.rlc of Saint Jlanlc, wl10 wns comming to aid the Engli~hmen. In this conflict were slaine abouc six: hundred men of anncs, and a great nmnl.,er taken. The dukes of Yorke and Summerset likewise entered into Anjou and l\Iaino, nn For all these eminent serrices, his IorJship was crcatccl Lord Willougl1hy of :\fonblay ]i,,,:,,i-,; n-.quired by L:.rd "·;;r .. a;·L!·y. --Burl,£• and Beaumesguil, and Earl of Vendosme and Beaumont, and installed a knight ·or the most l'H1,1ge iur lS::.2, p. l3i(I. noble order of the Garter. 1452. Ilis lordship dying in the 30th of Henry VI., the honors acqnired by hims~Jf expire u 74 Robert Willoughby, VI. Lord Willou9hby, K.G. HENRY VI. 1462. Borlce"a Pc:orago for 1882, His lordship married Elizabeth, yo~ng,ast da.ug!1tcr of John Montacutc, Earl of Salisbury, p. 1370. by whom be had an only daughter and heiress Jo:.in. ARMS OP Loni> \\ILI,orr.nnY. Joan, Baroness \Yillougl1 by, and nmmY VL u.;a. Richard ,v cllcs, VII. Lord \V cllcs and VI I. Lord ,villoughby. JOAN WILLOVGIIBY mnrric-d Sir Richard Welles, Knt., who bore in her right Rirl,,ir,l l\',·llri. 11nmmor.r,l to J•arlinm••nr "~ Lonl \\"il tho title of Lord "\Villoughby de Ereshy, and was summoned to parliament as 7th Baron, lr,11;.:t,l,~•-- Hurk,."11 l'ocrug•• Cur l<>S2, p. 1:1;11. in 1455. EDWARI> IV. His Lordship was son of Leo, 6th Baron W cllcs, who fell in one of the conflicts J)rnth and 1Ltt:iint11re of J,i11 r.,th('r. J..,,o, YI. Lnr,l between the houses of York nntl La.nca.ster, and ,.as a.tta.inted in 1-161. Joan, Lady Wdks.-llJid. \Villoughliy, dyC',1 the same year, as it a.ppea.rcth by an office taken after her death; and 1),•:ith of Joan, B:ir,,nr"-• \\"11l,111~hhy. -•• Cullin" vu this Richard \Ydh·s, Knight, continued Lord \Villoughby afterwards, although his father I::iruui""," p. 31. HGS. was attnintccl, nnd his wife dead. Lord _\Yilloughby obtained a full restoration, however, H"'"•·n EDWARD IV. 1470. Burke"• Peerage for 18S2, He was succeeded by his only son, Robert. p. 1370. (Jl'roaa Nit-bobs'•" Siege of Carlavr.rock;' rP• 32 and :.!07.) Robert \Velles, VIII. Lord \Velles and VIII. Lord \Villoughby. EDWARD tv. 1''10. ROBERT, 8tl1 Lord W clles and 8th Lord Willoughby; coming into immediate conflict Lord w.-uee defeated ancl beheaded. - Burb'a fecr with tho Yorkists, under King Edward IV., at Stamford, and suffering a signal defeat, age for 1882, P· 1370 was taken prisoner nnd beheaded. · The Baronies then devolved UJ?O:l the last Lord's ooly sister and heirc.-ss, J,>a.ne. An.11s OF Lonn WELLES. (l!'rom Nichoba'■ "Siege of Culnvcrock," rP• 32 and 207.) X Joane, Baroness \V clles and \Villoughby, and Richard Hastings, IX. Lord \Vellcs and IX. Lord \Villoughby. t tf.'2. Richard na .. t:nlt"' IIUfflfflt\ll JOAID1 "WELLES married Richard Ilastings, an.:i ho was summoned to -ps.rliament ,d to parli1u11 .. 1,t.- Rurkc'a P.-eragc !or l~:?, p. l:r;o. as Daron W cllcs. Callrd Lnrd W, llf'II and Sir Ilichard Hastings, knt., in the right of Johan, his wifo, was both Lord Welles and "Willou~l1l,y.-CoUi111 on ~nruciit:11, p. 4. 1403 ,villoughby, reputed, called, and written, but dying without issue, in 1503, and his lady Death of L,,rd W cllC11. 1.;or.. in three years afterwards, the ancient Barony of Willoughby reverted to her ladyship'~ ~11th of R11runl"tll "\\'l"ll""· -Burl:L·•• l'~•ry for lSl'!:!, kinsman (refer to Sir Thomas "rilloughby, younger son of ,villiu.m, 5th Bu.ron), William p. IJiO. ,villoughby. ARMS OF \V1LLIA1r lIAsTDiGS, I. Lonn lIAsTI:SGs, K.G., JfooTnr-:n oF Lo1m \VELLES. (From A11bmot,.•s "Or,lcr of the Gartl'r.") BENRY VIIL \Villiam ,villoughby, X. Lord \Villoughby. 1609. LORD WILLOUGHBY was made one of the knights of the Bath, at the coronation Lord Willoughby made a Knight of the Batb.-Col- of King Ilcnry VIII. liDll'e Peerage, vol. V., p. 73. The King of Aragon also, hauing at that time warre with the French King, wrote to his 1512. The French Kin!!" hath his sonne in law King Henrie, that if he would send oner an armie into Biskaie, and so to hand.-. fall of troubles.- 0 812 inuade France on that side, for the recouerie first of his due hie of Guien ; ho would aid ! ~~;.hed, vol. m., P· ., them with ordinance, horssemcn, beasts, and ca.riagcs, with other necessaries apper- teining to the same. The king and his councell putting their affiance in this promise of king Ferdinando, prepared a noble annie nll of footmen, and small artillcric, appointing the noble lord Thomas Grcie mnrqncsse Dorset to be chccfe conductor of the same. The king dailio st,ndieng to set foorth his wnrre which he hnd hcgun against tho French king, caused Sir ]~dwartl Howard his n DENRY VIIL 1612. Nublemen •rpointecl for tho Therewith hauing in his compauie sir Weston Browne, Griffith Downe, Edward Co~ham, 'riage to BiMkair.-H111i1111- ~...1--. ,.. o1. 111 ., pp. 812, SU. Thomas Windham, Thomas Lucio, William Pirton, Henrie Shirhouruc, Stephan Bull, George Witwange, John Hopton, William Gunston, Thomas Draper, Edmund Cooke, John Burdct, and diuerse others, ho tooke tho sea, and scowring tl1e same, about tho middest of Maio he came before Portesmonth. About the vcrie selfc time the lord marquesse Dorset, and other noblemen appointed for the iournie of Iliskaie, as the lord Howard sonnc and heire to the carle of Su.rric, the lord Brooke, the lord Willoughbie, the lord Ferrcrs; tho lord John, the lord Anthonie, and the lord Leonard Grcies, all three brethren to the marquesse ; sir Griffith ap Rice, sir Moms Berkeleie, sir William Sands, the baron of Burford, sir Richard Comewall brother to the said baron, ~Yilliam Husseie, John l!clton, William Kingston esquiers, sir Henrie Willoughbie, and diuerse others, with aouldicrs to the number of ten thousand. Tbe Englixh noble11 aniue Amongst these were fiue hundred Almans clad all in white, vnder the leading of one oa the cout of Biaki&io. Guiot a gentleman of Flanders, all which (with the residue abouennmecl) came to South ampton, and there mustered their bands which were appointed and trimmed in the best ma.ner. On th~_sixtcenth daio of :l\Iaic they were all bestowed nhoo:rd in Spanish shipP. furnished with vittels, and other necessaries for that ioumie. The wind serued so well for their purpose, that they came a.11 in safetic on the coast of Biskaio at the port of Passngh southwest of Fonterallie; and so the third daie of June they landed, and tooke the fiel The cit.ie of Tomn.le on all The king of England licng nfrout before Tornaic, caused his great ordinance to be aidel boeieged. planted round nbout the citic, and diucrse trenches were cast, an B~FY VllL ~613! their bands, and the carle of Kent was lodgecl before the gate called port ValC'ncien ; . so ·that the citizens could not issue out, nor no aid ·could come in. '11he ordinance dailie boat the gates, towers, and wals, which made a great batterie : and a few Englishmen assaulted the port coqucrell, but they were too few in number ; and if they had Leen more in number, they had taken tho townc, as the Tornasins confessed after. '11he citizens of Tomaie considering. their estate came togithcr to councell, and firw.llie all agreed to treat. Then the prouost sent to the king a trumpet, clesiring a sn.fc conduct for him and The prouo~t, ,.-jtl, eleuen more, 1mLwiL tlu,111>1du1;111md certeine other to come and to speako with him: which request was to him granted. Then ye'el•l vp the citiu t.o the the prouost of the· citic, accompanied with elcuen with him of the Lest of the citic~ came king. to the annie, and spake with the lords of the councell, and after were led to the king's presence. The prouost knecled downc and all his companic, and said : " Right high and mightio prince although the citie of Tornaic is strong, well walled, well replenished with people, vittels, artillcrie, yea and the people in fea.re and drc·a Then tho king nppointcc1 the lord Lisle, the lord Aburgauc>nic, nnd the lord ,YilloughLic TI,c J' y William Willoughby, X. Lord Willougliby. BENRYvm. 1626. Collina"• Peerage, YO!. V.. Leaving issue by the L:idy Mary Salines, his wife (a Spanfo.ril, who had been Maid or p.7L Honour to Queen Catherine, first wife of King Henry VIII.) one sole daughter, his heir, named Catherine. ARIIS OF Lonn " ... JLLOUGUBY. (From a Pedigree at BirJ11all House. Yorkshire, the 11ea.t of Digby Willougbby, J.X. Loni Middlctou.) ...... -:: .. ....,... . ', . ··'\. .~., •,: .. , . -~···. •. '·'>!;•·· --~ .:\ ..,.. HENRY VIlL Katherine, Duchess of Suffolk, Baroness \Villoughby. 1626. KATHElUNE, the daughter of ,vmirun, the last Lo1·d Willoughby de Ercsby, who is Dirth of Katherine Will oughby, Ila.roueAA '\"illuugh• described Ly J?uller to have been " a lady of a sharp wit, and sw·e hand to thrust it home by.-" Fivo Genemtion11 of and make it pierce when she pleased," was born in 1520, and, being his only child, a Loyal Homo," Lndy Georgina Bertie, pp. 2, 3. inhoritod his dignity and fortune. On tho death of her father, A.D. 1G2G, tho orphan heiress ·was intn1sted to the H('r marriage to ctuu·ll'S · f Ch I J3 } D k S rt' lk d b h" f, Brumlou, Duko of Sufl"ulk. guardiansl up o arcs .1rail( on, u ·o of uuo ·, nn eventually ccame 1s ourth -Liwy G. Bt-rtic, p. 3_ \Vife. llis third wife had l1cc11 !\Im·y, Queen of llnmcc, the sister of IIcnry VITI. 84 Katherine, Durlui~s of S1~{follc, Barone.~s Willoughby. BENltY VIIL 1636. A.1<-sandcr Seaton, 11elected At what period of her life, or by what means the Duchess of Suffolk first became chaplaio to tl1n Duko ILOd Duohe. of Suff.,lk. - acquaintecl with tho reformed principles is uncertain. But it is worthy of notice, as " Ladies of tho R,•fnrmn• tion," Jky, Ja.mca Auclcr- affording evidence that Loth she and the clnkc were friendly to tho Reformation, that soon 9011, p. 319. after their marriage they selected ns their chaplain, Alexander Seaton, a Scottish friar, and a man of learning and i,ngenuity, who had been confessor to King James V. of Scotla~d, but who had been under the necessity of fleeing from his native country about the year 1535 or 153G, to escape persecution, in consequence of his having imbibed and preached the reformed doctrines. "Madam, I>uchem of SufI'ulk'a letter "In my most hearty v.ise I heartily recommend me unto your Ladysl1ip, heartily thnnk 1u V.iaoounle,,n Ll,.fo.-lI.i!!II W oud"• .. Lt:ttcns uf lwyiu you for your good wine you sent me, which I assure you was very good; and also I and lllu1rtriuws L11cli1:s," vuL 11.. p.110. heartily thank you for your little after dinner his grace shewed 11~ nll tho commoditiC's of his palace, so that it ,vas night ere w~ came from thence. And in this meantime I moved his gracc,and ga.Yc his highness thanks for the great goodness lie ha.cl she:wc IIENRY VIIL l.S38. unto you all things at large with more leisure. As touching Paiuswick, I never he:m1 yet of it since my coming; what I shall do hereafter Go Lridl·smai 1 "~his noLlcman," adds the same hist01ia11, "is one instnnet.' that Henry ,..-as J;ot altogether incapalJlc of a cordial an.d steady friendship; and Suffolk Sf'cms to lmHJ LC:"ll \\·orthy of the favour which, from his earliest youth, he had enjoyed with bis nrnstr·r." l.S-IG. In the n·ign of Henry YJII., when the persecuting statute of the six artil'1P~ was lkligiom ec-ntimcn~ ,;,f tbe J>u-.:ht'M of S11fli:,lk.-T'.cv. enforcccl with great se·verity, the duchess was suspected of holding Sl"ntim<·nts a EDWAltD VL 1647. have rendered that reign so illustrious in the annals of the English Reformation. She is particularly conunemorated for lending her aid to the efforts maclc by the goven1ment, towards.the close of the year 1547, in Lincolnshire, to abolish superfluous holy d,lys; to remove from the churches images a.nll relics, to destroy shrines, coverings of shrines, and other monuments of i«lolatry ancl superstition ; to put an end to pilgrimages; to refonn the clergy;. to see that every ·church had pro,ic1ed, in some convenient place, a copy of the large English Bil>lc ; to stir up hishops, viears, and curates to <.1iligence in preaching ~gainst the usuq,ea authority and jurisdiction of the Pope, in inculcating upon all the reacling of the Scriptnn.·s, and in teaching upon the $abbath aml at other times their pa.ri:::,hioners, and especially the young, the Pater Noster, the Articles of Faith, and the Ten Commandments, in English. 1648. f)(,ath c.f Kuthc-rine ra.rr. The Duchess Juul been the fricnc1 of Katherine Parr, late t1ie Qnccn-dowag<'r, who Lady G. lk-rtie, p. 4. having ruarrietl the younger brother of the Protector, lost her life in 1548, at the Lirth of im infant motlwr, to be hrought UJl untl.cr the en.re of that lat1y. She was accompanied hy her goYcrncss, ~rs. Aglionl,y, her nurse, two mni«ls, anu othC'r Sl·rvants. Ikr mother lrnving runde her will in favour of St:ymonr, arnl his property having lJecn confiseatc The Duchess hau to the Duke of Suffolk two sons, Henry and Charles, both of them_ Intended marrioi;t, or tl,o DucbCM of Sutf... lk'11 110n, youths of excellent promise. llenry Brandon, Duko of 1 According to Strype, the duchess intcncled to match Duke Henry with Lady Agnes Suffulk.-Rev. · Audu.m,, pp. 3:!!f, 329. Woodville, who was brought up in her house, and the wardship ancl marriage of whom she hatl obtained from the king. The Duke of Somerset, lord protector, with 'Yhom she was on a very friendly footing, was desirous that one of his. claughters should be united in. marriage to one of her sons, probably the elaest. She thus writes on the subject to ,villiam Cecil, afterwarus the celebrated Lord Burghley. "And whe1·e it pleased my lord of Warwick, for the better show o: his friendship, to May 9th· 0 Ducbt'SS of Sllff"ulk 11 letter wish my lord of Somerset to go through with my son for his daughter, I trust the :£.i·icnd-. to y..,ter Cecil.-llc\". J. s l1ip between my Lord Somerset and me hath heen tried such, and hath so good assurance ~\nd1:r11ou, pp. 330,331. upon the simple respects of our good-will only, that we shall not need to do an)ihing rashly or unonlcrly to n~akc the world to bclic,e the better of om· friendships; and for the one of 11s to think well of the other, no unad\'ised bond between a boy and girl can gi\'e such assurance of gooJ-will as has been tried already; and no,v, they marrying by our orders, ancl without their consents, or as they l)e yet without judgment to gh-e such a consent as ought to pc given in matrimony, I cannot tell what more unkindness one of us might show another, or wltercin we might work more wickedly, thnn to l,ring our children into so miseraLle estate not to choost', by their own likings, such as they must profess so strait a l onc.1 nncl so great n love to for ever. 'fhis, I promise yon, I have said for my lord's d.mgbtcr ns well as for my son, and this more I say for myself, and I sny it not but truly, I know none this clay living that I rather wish my son than she, hut I am hot, because I like her 1,est, therefore tlesirons that she should 1c constrainecl by her friends to have him, whom she might, 1>cr.Hh-enturc, not like so well as I like her : nc•ithcr can I yet assure myself of my son's liking, neither do I greatly mistrust it, for if he be ntlcd by right judgment, then shall he, I am sure, haYc no cause to mislikc, except he think himsc:lf misliked ; but to haYc this matter come best to pass were that we pa.rents kept still our friemlship, nncl suffer onr chilclrcn to follow our examples, and to begin their loves of them- selves, withont our forcjng; for, although both might happC'n to be obedient to their parents, nn,J marry nt our pleasures, and so find 110 other cause to lnislike, hut that by our powl'r they lost their free choice, whereby neither of them can think themselves so much bounden to the other, that fault is sufficient to l,reak the greatest love: wherefore I will make much of my lady's daughter, without the respect of my son's cause, and it may please my lonl to love my son for his mother's sake, and so I doubt not, but if God do not mislikc it, my son and l1is daughter shall much better like it to make up tho matter themselves, and let them eYcn alone ·with it, saying there can 110 good agreement happen between theui that we gJiall mislike, and if it shoulcl not happen well, there is neither t.hcy nor nono of us shall blame another. And so, my good Cecil, being weary, I leave you to the Lord. "From Kingston, the 9th of :May, 1550, "Your assured , " K. SUFFOLK. " To my fiiend, ~foster Cecil.,, May 18th. "I haYo looked for letter::; from you. The sc-a.son and want of counsel would have much Dachas of Sufi' ,lk'e letter to Cecil.-P. F. 'l"ytlcr, vol commended them. Etlunmcl Hall wrote to me thu.t be opened to you the answer of my I., p. 2SL 88 J(atlieriue, Dt1clu::-:s of Suffoll~, JJ1uone.~:-: JV'illougliby. EDWARD VI 1660. Lord Paget unto l1im as tonc-hing my tl0sire to pnrch:t!,;C Spilhye Chantry, nml which ,~ay he adviseth nic to entn into the s:une. Ile addeth in the same letter, that you promised to write your acl \°i('e to me in that he half; but I h<~shrew Jong the carrier thn.t hringE:th them ·not. I must therefore now proc:eed, like Ll inrl Bayard. I ha,e writtc:n a letter with an ill-will to the whole body of the CouucH, according to my Lord Puget's device; but so as I mind not the clelivery th_creof, unless jt like yon the hc-ttcr. Mc seemcth it hacl been the readier way to have a bill chuwn of my suit, and thn same to be prc8ented to the whole ·council, and with my private letters to laLour my friell October 2nd. " I must desire :yon, gooc1 mnstC'r c~c:il, to shew yonr fricndslijp to thjs JJO:)r hf'nrcr, in a. Duchess of Suffolk'• Jetter io Sccretary CeciL-Mis., certain suit that one of Jersey hnJh ag:iinst. l1iH Lrotlu'r. His request fa bnt that it will Wood, vol III., p. 2.50. please my lor A fow mouU1s nrtc-r lhc c1cnth of Buccr, tLe Duchess was plunged into sorrow l)y the Death of the IiuchCM of n ;'I h r L L 1· I f l . . k 1 h f Jul l Suff'ulk'• IOn., H,·nry a cl shall wo sup i< 1-Ju'n1"0\,' night?,, "EithN in this house, I hopc-, my lord," she answered, "or elscwhr·re \\ ith s0n1e friend of yours,"" By no menns," said be, as if be had got some prc>monition of lJis t!.pproacbing death, "for nc,er after this shall we sup here together." At these won.ls i.Le lac.ly became a.hmnccl, on obse1°\ing which he, smiling, bade her bot be dismayed. Lrdc in the c,ening his mother, feeling upon her spirit a more than usual anxiety nLout }1cr ehi]tlrc:n, cn1r1e to Dngtlt•n, immediately after which he fell ill of the swc•at.ing-~ic!..:.11rss, anc1 suffered greatly from t.he bun1ing heat of the disease. ,vith the assistance uf a l'Jiy::;irian, she used <::Ycry means for bis recovery, but all was in vain; tho rnging mn.b;Jy w:1s not to be· arrc•stcd, and in fi.,c hours he was a corpse. Charles, the younger brct!H'r, ]1::11 been siruilarJy attacked, and he was 1,Jaced in a bed-chamber distant from that in wl1ie1t his brother by. His bTothcr's death was ~oncealed from him, but from the rn:-inner of those about l1im, lie s11spected what had happened, and was observed to he more ili:m w.:u:1lly thoughtful. Being nske 2A 90 Katheri-ae, Duchess of Suffolk, Baroness JVillouuhby. EDWARD \'I. ------lalil. Under this scvero 1,crcavcment, tho loss of her only children, and that so sudtlcnly nnd unexpectedly, the nfilictecl mother Lore n1> with Christian fortitude, and clispbj·ecl a becoming spirit of pious submission to the will of God. From mo.ny fricuds she received letters of kind condolence, and was generally sympnthizcd with. Several weeks after the last mournful duties had been performed to her children's remains, the duchess thus expresses her resigned and vious feelings, in a letter which she 'WI'ote to her friend, "\Yilliam Cecil: Duchess of Suffolk'• letter " I give Goel thanks, good Master Cecil, for all His benefits which it hath p1easC:Cl Him to ltaater Sec~tary Cecil.- Re ... 1• AndcDSOu, PP• 336_ to heap upon me, and truly I take this, His last (and to the first sight most slm11> and 837. bitter) punishment, not for the least of His benefits, inasmuch as I have never been so well taught by any other before to know His power, His Ion, ancl mercy, my own wicked ness, and that \....retched estate that without Him I should cnchue here. .And, to ascertain you that I have receh-ed great comfort in Him, I would gladly do it by talk and sight cf you; but, as I must confess myself no better than flesh, so I run not well nhlc with quiet to behold my very friends without some part of those evil drc~gs of Adam, to seem sorry for that whereof I know I rather ought to n•joicc ; yet, l)otwitbstanding, I woulJ. not spa.re my sorrow so much, but I woultl gladly endure it, were it not for other en.uses that moveth me so to do, which I lea,·c unwritten at this time, meaning to fulfil your last request to-morrow Ly seven o'clock in the morning. 'l'hen, if it please you, you may use him that I send yon as if I stood by. So, with many thanks for your lasting friendship, ~ betake you to Him that both can, and, I trust, will govern you to His glory aud your best contentntion. "From Grimsthorpe, this present l\Ionclny, your poorc-st but assured friend, "K. SUFFOLK. " To ?\faster Secretary Cecil." 1662. Dacheu of SafFotk'• Jetter " By the late coming of this lntek to you, you shall pcrcch·e that wil EDWARD VL 1~:£. and nothing gric,cs mo but when I cannot make the pastime with them; and therefore a.t your pleasure come and Lring with you whom you will, all(]. you shall bo welcome, and they also for your sake. And so, with my hcn.rty commendations to yow·self, your wife, your father, and your mother, I bid you all farewell in the Lord. "From Grimsthorp, this present Wednes~ay, at six o'clock in the morning, and, liko a, "Your assured to my power, " K. SUFFOLK. cc Master Bertie is at London, to conclude if he can with the heirs ; for I would gladly 0 dischn.rgo the trust whereiu my Lord did leave me, before I did, for auy man's pleasure, anything else. cc To my very friend, :\Ir. Secretary Cecil." Le~ unfctteretl by any tics, as was the Duchess at the death of her sons, and. possessed Suitora to the Duchea. 0 13 of so many au.vantages, many suitors would of course become candid.:t.tes for her hand. It Lw.ly • Bertie, P· • is said that even Royalty itself was not unmindful of her position and merits. lS.53. Towards the close of tho reign of Ed ward VI., or in the beginning of the reign of Queen The Duchetoa of Sa~ulk marries Richard Bertie. Mary, she man-ied secondly Richartl Bertie, a gentleman in her sen-ice, and, like herself, &.-. J. A.odel'IIOD, p. 337. a Protestant. Though her inferior in rank, he was of a. good family, and a man of excellent cha.ractC'r, as well as of high accomplishments. QUEEN' ll.ARY. In the reign of Queen ~fo.ry, the duchess identified herself with the suffering Reformers, Jmprii QUEEN KARY. 1161. Gardiner, her mortal enemy, whose sway at court was supreme. By her bitter sarcasms, she had exasperated the bishop, who hau. often ruminated on them as on so many insults, chafed and mortified; and now, when he ,vas exalted to power, she had every reason to expect that he woulu. make her nonconformity, the pretext for executing the long meditated vengeance. But these consiu.crations ilid not subdue her resolution. She had counted the cost., and ,~as prepared to make every sa.crifice in the cause of truth. Hence the interest attaching to her subsequent life, the real story of which" out-romanced," to use the language of Fuller, "the fictions of many errant adventurers." It may, perhaps, be supposed, that from her high rank she would be secure from the malicious intentions of Gardiner. But a slight attention to the policy as well as the character of that prelate, will sho"· the groundlessness of such a supposition. Not only the spirit of revenge, but policy impclleu. him to meditate her ruin; for he conceiveu. that the most effectual means of arresting the progress of heresy, or of extinguishing it altogether, was by striking down the Reformers most distinguished for rank or talent, or " the head deer " of the flock, as was the phrase at the time. What increased the danger of the Duchess from Gardiner's cruelty, was bis craft and dissimulation. "His malice," says Fuller, "was like what is commonly said of white powder, which surely Jisehnrgcu tho bul1ct, yet made no report, being secret in all his acts of cruelty. This mau.e him often chide Bonner, cnlling him au ass, though not so much for killing poor 1icoplc as for not doing it more cunningly." Tbs old hatred of Steplicn Stephen Ganlincr, Bishop of \Vinchcster, surmising the Lac1y Katherine, Baroness of Gardiner, Bishop of Win cheatcr, a0-aicat tho DucLc11S Willoughby null Eresl,y, and Duchess Dowager of Suffolk, to be one of his anticnt uf 6ulf',11k.-Foz.'a .. Acts ar,d llunument•', eclit.ion enemies, because he knc,v he hnd QUEEN JURY. 16i6. and I am sure you received them, for I committccl the trust of them to no worse man but to M. Solicitor, nnd I shall make you an example to all Lincolnshire, for your obstinacy. J;f.. Berty, denying the receipt of any, humbly prayed his Lordship to suspend his displeasure and the punishment till he had good triul thereof; and then, if it please him, to doublo the pnin for the fanlt., if any were. "Well," quoth the Bishop, "I have appointed myself this day (according to the holiness of the same), for devotion, and I will not fw·ther trouble me with you; hut I cnjoyn you in a. thousa.nd J>Ounds not to depart without leave, and to be here again to-mon-ow at 7 of tho clock." :Master Berty well observed the hour, and no jot failed; at which time the Bishop had with him ~I. Sergeant Stampford, to whom he moved certain questions of the said Master Berty, because Master Sergeant was to,vards the Lord ,v riothcsley, late Earl of Southampton, and Chancellor of Engl:.md, with whom the said l\.fuster n~rty was brought up. Master Sergeant made very friendly report of M. Berty, of his own know ledge for the time of their conversation together. ,vhereupon the Bishop caused M. Berty to be lll"ought in, and first making a false truiu (as God would, without fire), before he would descend to the quarrel of religion, he assaulted him in this manner. ,v1scn. "'l'hc Queen's pleasure is," quoth the Bishop, "that you ~hall make present M. n.. rt,., attached for a dcl,t.-i'~ voL VllL, , pnymen t of 4000 pounds, due to her father by Duke Charles, late husb:md to the Duchess, 6; 0• your wife, whose Executor she was." HERT. "Ple:iscth it your Lordship," quoth Master Berty, "that debt is cstalled, and is according to that cstallmcnt truly answered.,, ,v1scn. "'fush," quoth the Bishop, " the Queen will not be bound to r.stallmcnts in the time of Kcttc's Government; for so I esteem the late Government." BERT. "'fhc estallment," quoth M. Berty, "was appointed by K. Ucury the Eighth; besides, tlin bamc was by special Commissioners confirmed in K. Edward's time, and the Lord Trcnsurer being an Executor also to the Duke Charles solely and wholly, took upon him, before the said Commissioners, to discharge the same." Wnrcn. "If it l>e true that you say," quoth the Bishop, "I will show you favour. But or another thing, )laster Berty, I will admonish you, as meaning you well. I hear evil of your religion ; yet I hardly can think evil of you, whose mother I know to be as godly and catholick as any within this land; yourself brought up with a. master, whose education, if I should disallow, I might be charged as author of his error. Besides, partly I know you myself, nnd unde1·stand ·of my friends- enough to make me your friend : wherefore I will not doubt of you. But I pray you, if I may ask the question of my Lady, your wife, is she now as ready to set up the Mass, as she was lately to pull it down, when she caused in her progress a dog in a mchet to be carried, and called by my name? Or doth she think her lamLs now safe enough, which said to me, when I veiled my bonnet to her out of my chamber window in the tower, that it was merry with the lambs, now the wolf was shut up ? Another time, my Lord her husband, having invited me and divers Ladies to dinner, desired every Lady to choose him whom sho loved best, and so place them selves. :My Lady your wife taking me by the hand, for that my Lord woulJ not have her to take himself, said, that fora-smuch as she could not sit;. down with my Lorcl whom she loved best, she had chosen him whom she loved worst." "Of the 2 B K,itlterin6, Ducliess of Suffolk, Baro,iess Willoughby. QUEEN JU.RY. J6U. it would please yon without offence to know the cause, I am sure the one will purge the other. AB touching setting up of Mass, which she learned not only by strong persuasion,::; of divers excellent men, but by universal consent and order whole six yea.rs past, inwardly to abhor, if she should outwardly allow, she should both to Christ shew herself a false Christian, and to her Prince a masquing subject. You know, my Lord, one by judgmeut refon:ped, is more worth than a thousand transfonned temporizers. To force a. confession of religion by mouth, contrary to that in the heart, worketh damnation where salvation is pretended.'' "Yea, mnrry," quoth the Bishop, cc thnt delil>cration would do well, if she were required to come from an old religion to a new. But now, she is to retul'n from a new to an ancient religion: ,vhcrein wlu~n she made me her gos.:;ip, sl1c was as earnest as any." "For that, my L,:ml," ~aid l\Iaster Berty, "not long since, she answered a friend of hers, using your Lordship's spe1!ch , that religion went not by age, but hy truth : and therefore she was to be turned by p~rsm1sion, ancl not by commandment." "I prny you," quoth the Bishop, "think you it possible to persuade her?" "Yea, verily,'' s:iid )I. l31~rt.y, ",rith the truth: for she is reasonable enough." - The Ilishop thereunto r(•plying, sa.id, "it ,vill be a marvellous grief to tho Prince of Sp:iin, and to all the nobility that shall come with him, when they shall find but two noble pcrsona~es of the Spanish race within this lancl, the Queen, and my Lady your wife, and one of them gone from the faith." l!aster Berty answered, that he trusted they should find no fruits of infidelity in her. So tho Bishop pcr~uadcd :OI. Berty to travail earnestly for tho refonnation of her opiniou, and offering large friendship, released him of his bond from furtLcr appearance. Wap c!c,i!l<'d for conTcylng The Duchess and her hnsl,a.nd, daily more ancl more, by their friends understanding I.Le Ducl1<'8S over the ar.as with tl,c Qu.. r-11'1 lioonco. that the Bishop meant to call her to an account of her faith, whereby extremity might 'Fox, YOl. VIII., p. 671. follo~~,devised ways how, by the Queen's licence they might pass the seas. Master Beliy had a ready mean : for there rested great sums of money due to tho old Duke of Suffolk, (one of whose executors the Duchess was), beyond the seas, the Emperor himself being one of those debtors. Master Berty communicated thi~ his purpos<>d suit for licence to :pa!-S the seas, ancl the cause, to the Bishop, adding. that he took this time most meet to ell-al with the Emperor, by r('ason of likelihood of marriage between the Queen and his son. "I like your device well," quoth the Bishop, " but I think it better that you tar1·y the Prince's coming, and I will procure you his letters also to his fathr.r." uNay," qu0th M. Ilerty, "un QU"t:Y.N BU RY. but an old gentleman, called Mr. Robert Cranwell, whom M. Berty had specially provided '""· for that purpose. She took with her her daughter, an infant of one yea.r, and tho meanest of her servants, for she doubted the best would not adventure that fortune with her. They were in number four men, one a Greek born, which was a rider of horses, a.nother a joyncr, the third a brewer, tho fourth a fool, one of the kitchen, one gentlewoman, and a fo.unJress. As she departed her Iiouse called the Darbican, betwixt four and five of the clock in the The mannn or the Ducbe,;,. morning, with her company and baggage, one Atkinson, a herald, keeper of her house, !ying out of lll'r houa,,. ~•u~, vol Vlll., p. 572. hearing noise about the house, rose and came out ·with a. torch in his hands as she was yet issuing out of the gate : wherewith being amazed, she was forced to leave a mail with necessaries for her young daughter, auu a milk-pot with milk iu the same gate-house, commanding all her servants to speed them away before, to Lion Key. An.d taking with her only the two women and her child : so soon as she was forth of her own house perceiving the herald to follow, she stept in at Chartcrhouso hard by. The herald coming out of the Duchess' house, and seeing no body stirring uor assured (though by the mail suspecting), that she was departed, returned in; and while he stayed ransacking parcels left in the mail, the Ducl1css issued into the streets, and proceeded in her journey, she knowing the place only by nawe where she should take her boat, but not the v..-ay thither, nor any with her. Likewise her servants having divided themi:;elvcs, nouo but one knew tho way to the said Key. So she appeared like a mean merchant's wife, ~nd tho rest like mean servants, walking in Tbe Dach,_ with hf'T t101b pany tak•·tl, Tlnri.,-e.-Fua. the streets WlknO'\\"Il. She took the way that led to Finsbury Field, and the others walked. YuL VT.II., p. 672. tho city streets as they lay open before them, till by chance more than discretion, they met all suuc.1cnly together a little within Moorgate, from whence they passed directly to Lion Key, and thcro took ba.rgo in a morning so misty, that the stecrllJau was loath to launch out, but that they urged him. So soon as the day permitted, the council was informcu of her departure, and some of them came forthwith to her house, to enquire of tho manner thereof, and took an inventory of her goods, besides further or QUEEN YA.RY 166i. a house there, until they might further devise of some sure place, where to settle them selves. About five miles from Santon, is a free town called W esell, under tho said Duke of Cleves' dominion, and one of tho Hans towns, priviledged with the company of the steelyard in London, whither divers W ulloons were fled for religion, and had for their minister. one Francis Perusell, then called Francis QUEEN KARY. 1GS5. of whom they had talked the same supper, hn.d sent by likelihood his servant to speak with him. \'\ilicreupon Mast.er P~rnsell came to the door, and beholding Muster Berty, the Duchess, and their chilJ, their fac;cs, apparels, and bodies 60 fur from their old form, deformed with dirt, weather, and heaviness, c:oulcl not speak to thcJ11, nor they to him, for tears. .At length recovering thc·mscl,es, they salute QUEE~ lfAr.Y. ·ISS7. chiMren an QUEEN ELIZA.BET.:i. 1.s67. countenance, but in very deed, sad and ashamed of her fa.ult." The Duchess' requests are certainly not exorbitant. After cowplainiug of her poYerty since her return from tho other side of tlic sea, which had prevented her furnishing her own house at Grimsthorpc, she begs Lady :Mary may be allowed tho furniture of ono room for herself and her maid, "some old silver pots to fetch her drink in, and ij lytcll coupes to drink in. A bason and ewer, I fear were too much; but all these things she lacks, an QUEEN EJ,TZA'DEnl. 1660. B11r'kc'• F•.-c:ra;;o fur 1682, Katherine, Baroness Willoughby de Ercsl,y. Iler Ladyship marricu twice ; 1st, Charles i,. 1310. Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, brothcr-in-lu.w of King Ilenry VIII. 8he marric .A1ors OF CATitJ-:lllNE, J)tiCllESS OF ~u•·i:01.K, ·"SD U1c1u1rn Jh:ttTn:. La•ly G. Hcrtit', p. 2. . QUEEN ELIZABETH. Peregrine Bertie, XI. Lord \Villoughby. • 1680. PEREGRI~E BERTIE was born, o.s his patent of naturalization sets forth, in the city Birth of Lord Willoughby. 0 of Lower '\"\7 csel, in the Duchy of Cle,es. His mother, seems, was earnestly desir6us -Lady • Bertie. PP· ~s. it 10. that he should be entrusted to the care of Cecil, Lord Burghley; and he was accordingly brought up chiefly under that statesman's eye, and made great progress in learning and courtly nccomplishments. He appears, in a letter, ·written in Latin when he was only thirteen years of age A.D. 15GB, to have gratefully acknowledge<.1 the Treasurer's ca.re. On the decease of his mother, in 1580, he claimed and assumed the title of Willoughby, nw claim to the Titl,. 0 62 and at her funeral wore his mourning apparel in all points as a baron. Elizabeth, ever Lady · Bertie. P· -6' sparing <:>f prcformcnt, delayed for a short period the admission even of bis undoubted right, which canse<.1 him to apply to the Lord Treasurer iu these wonls : "Thnt ho founcl his senses so overcome withjust pensiveness, that he could not presently Lord wm,,nghby'" t,•u.~rto th 1 rd write so folly as the Treasurer's person and his own cause required, by commending it to e "' ,.l"l'&,an-r. - suypn·• ...\JU:lllla of t},f! R,,. his honoura.ule and friendly defence, &c. .And his chiefest care. was, that her majesty might formation, .. Yo1 u. part 2, 'P· 3:>:>. not bo induced sincerely to interpret worse of his claim thau the matter ministered occasion, becanso he took the title and claim of Willughl)y and Ercsby." He aduccl, "That tho question wns handled in King Henry the Eighth's reign. And the right upon claim made by Sir Christopher Willughby, younger brother a.na heir male to the Lord Willnghby, my grandfather, was adjudged to the Duchess, my dea.r mother. Now if my right, after sentence given, after so long seizin, and a dying seized of the Duchess, shall be called in question, I must needs think myself an abortive, and born in a most unfortunate hour; that her majesty had rather spoil her crown of a. barony, than that I should be the person should do her th:it service. But in case your honour shall, of your friendly disposition towards me and justice, safely pilot me over this tempestuous sea, you shall confidently account that thereby you have erected a. pillar in your own building, which shall ne,er shrink or fail you for any stono whatsoever. And thus reposing myself wholly on your honow:ablc goodness, with hearty prayer for your so good estate, I humbly take my leave. '' Ilrom Willoughby House. "Your Lordship's hwnbly and assuredly at commandment, "PEREGRINE BERTIE.,, tS!l2. In tl1c year 15S2, we hear of his first em1)loymcnt in the Queen's sen-ice, who com Lnrd Willnui:hhy nntl nth.-r nobles etOCOrt the U11kc "f manded him, with the Earl of Leicester and other noblemen and knights, to escort the Anjou to Antwrrp.-Lndy Duke of Anjou back to Antwerp. This Duke of A.njou, who had then been resident for three G. Dcrtie, p. ~- months in England, was one of the numerous por:;ons proposed as a suitn.ble match for our renowned Eliza.beth ; and she appears to have been willing to dismi~s him with honour at • For Portrait, 10e Frouti11t1icco. 2D 102 Peregrine Bertie, XI. Lord TVillottgl,'6y. QUEY.N EIJ7.ABETH. 1682. least, though she did not (perhaps could not) bring herself in the end, after some sleepless nights, to accept his hand. The Queen aooompaniet1 the No open 1-upture with Elizabeth occun·ed. On the contrary, the Queen accompanied· Duke to Cauterbury .-Mot ley'• "Ri.eo of tho Dutch the Duke, ·with a numerous and stately retinue, as far as Canterbury, and sent a most Rt-public," '1'01. Ill., PP• brilliant train of her greatest nobles and gentlemen to escort him to the N ether1anc1s, 615-6UJ, co11}municating at the same time, by special letter, her wishes to the Estates-General, that be should be treated with as much honour " as if he were her second self." On the 10th of February, fifteen large vessels cast anchor at Flushing. The Duke of Anjou, attended by the Earl of Leicester, the Lords Hunsdon, Willoughby, Sheffield, Howard, Sir Philip Sidney, and many other personages of high rank and reputation, lantlcd from this fleet. He was greeted on his arrival by the Prince of Orange, who, with tho Prince of Es1,iHoy and a large deputation of the States-General, had been for some days waiting to welcome him. The man whom the N etherlancls had chosen for their new master stood on the shores of Zeeland. Francis Hercules, Son of :France, Duke of .Alenc;on a.ud Anjou, was at that time just twenty-eight years of age; yet not even his flntterers, or Lis "minions," of whom he had as regular a train as his royal brother, could claim for him the external graces of youth or of princely dignity. He was below the middle height, puny nncl ill-sbnpe QUEEN ELIZA.BETH 1.582. ·form, upon the tapestried floor of which stood the magistrates of Antwerp, the leading •members of the Brabant estates, with the Prince of Orange at their head, together with ·many other great functionaries. Orator Hessels them read aloml the articles of the Joyous Entry, in the Flemish language, ·and the Duke was asked if he required any explann.tions of that celebrate 1686. kingdome, and are not subject to any forreine moderation. Ld. Willoughb1'• eecond The next public service in which Lord V{illoughby was engaged, wn.s a second mission Mission toDenmark.-Lady G. lk:rt.ie, p. H. to the King of Denmark, in 1585, when Elizabeth employed him to negociate with that monarch for tho oLtaining •of succours, either in men or money, fo1· the King of Navarre, 105 QUEEN ELl7..ABETR. 1686. afterwards Henri Quatre. Lord '\Villoughhy gives a very complete account of his Afl'ain of the King of Nnvarre.-Lad7 0. Bertie, negotiation, in his letters to Sir Francis W a.lsi11gham. In his report of it., dated p. 76. December 15th, 1585, he .mentions having receivc HoweYcr, on the ,vedncsJay following, on ,vmonghhy's next iut.~1,ic'\'\· wit.h tho King, Thr. Kint:"',. n.~t:iratiut,. h e rcce1n~<· 1 H.1s 'I·~, aJesty •s re1lcrntc· d pro1ess1onsr · o f w1"lli ngness to Concluding that his mission was accomplishctl, ancl that he was at liberty to depart for Thrhi11g'11-:\It'"~a.:;c.-l..aa.,· • 1 f G. Dcrtie, p. 8:l Flanders, Lord "'illongh >y wns on the eve o tnh.ing his deprn-tnre from Copenhagen, when a. hurried message from U1e King called him h:i.ck to Cronenl,nrgh; for Frcacrick, repenting aJ)pareutly of the answer he had lately gi,;•cn, on second tbot1ght.s desired to mollify, though he did not rntract it. The next we hear of \Yilloll"'Jhby is in a lct.t<'r of Lord Lc.icesfici-'s to Sir Prnncis Arrh·nl or wm,,ug1,1,y nt tlic linguo.-La.dy l,. }\,!r• Walsin1rlrnm,0 from the Ha.!:!uc,- dated Februar.,v 21st, 1586, w}iicli announces his n.r- tic. p. 87. rival at tliat place that same morning, with the welcome int,e]Jigt~ncc that the Kiug of Denmark was willing to assist the Queen \Yith troops. Agaiu, on the 22ml, Lord Leicester mentions the kind message sent ];im by the }Gng of Dt'nmn.rk, tli1·ouglt Lord lVilloughby, offering "to Her l\Iajesty's serYicc two thousand horse, ,vith his best captains, a,nd his own son, if sl,,e plea~cs." !I,ulr G"'l'crnor nf Tier;:-,•11. · Lord ,vmoughby went to Bergen-op-Zoom, of which to,vn be wns r1.ppointed Governor, op-Zoom -L1'dy G. Rmie. p. 9i. Peregrino Bertie, XI. Lord Willougltby. QUEEN ELIZA.BET.EL 1688. Sir Philip Sidney having resigned in his favour, which he (Sidney) explains in a. letter to Sir Francis "\V alsingham, dated Utrecht, March 24th, 1586. Aul aarprued b7 Maurice Prince Maurice of Nassau, proposcu carrying by surprise the city of Axel, and early in and Sidney. - llotlcy'11 .. UDi&ed Netherlaada,"' TOI. July, wrote to tho Earl of Leicester, communicating the p~rticula.rs of his scheme, but IL, pp. 3,.30. begging that the affair might be " very secretly haudlcu," and kept from every one but Sidney. Leicester accordingly sent his nephew to Maurice, that they might consult together upon the enterprise, and the two arranged their plans in harmony. Leicester, then, in order to deceive the enemy, came to Bergen-op-Zoom with five hundred men. In the night of the lGth of July, 1580, the five hundred English soldiers were despatcheu by water, under the charge of Lord '\Villoughby, "who," said tho Earl, "would needs go with them." Young Hatton, too, son of Sir Christopher, also volunteered on the service," as his first nursling." Sidney hau five hundred of his own Zeeland regiment in readiness, and tho rendezvous was upon the broad waters of the Schelut, opposite Flushing. The plan was neatly carried ont, and the united flotilla, in a. dark, calm, midsummer's night, rowed across the smooth estuary and landed at Ter N ense. Here they were joined by Maurice with some Nethcrlanu companies, nnd the united troops, between two and three thoni::anJ strong, marched to the place proposed. B('fore two in the morning they had reached Axel, but found the mo:Lt very deep. Forty soldiers immediately plnnged in, boweYer, carrying their ladders with them, swn.m across, scaled the rampart, killed tho guard, whom they found asleep in their bells, nncl opened the gates for their comrades. The whole force then marched in, the Dntc:h compa11ie~ under Colonel Pyron being first, Lord \Yilloughby's men being second, nnd Sir Philip with liis Zeelanders bringing np the rear. The garrison, between five and si:ic hundred in nwnber, though surprisecl, resisted gallantly, and wC'rc all put to the sword. Of the invaders, not a. single man lost his life. _Si Tho great convoy v.·hich wa.s now to be dispatched, required great care and a powerful escort. Twenty-five hundrcu musketeers and pikemen, of whom one thousand were Spaniards, and six hunllred cavalry, Epirotes, Spanio.rds, and Italians, under Ilanniba.l Gonzaga, George Crescia, Bentivoglio, Scsa, and others, were accordingly detailed for this expedition. The l\Iarquis del Vasto, to whom was entn1ste QUEEN ELl~ABETa 16ii6. out the Epfroto in French, "for thou art a preux chevalier;" wl1ile Willoughby, trusting to his captive's word, galloped on ward, and with him the rest of the little troop, till they seemed swallow<:d U}) l-)y the superior numbers of the enemy. His horse was shot under him, his basses were torn from his legs, and be was nearly taken a prisoner, but fought his way Lack with incredible strength and good fortune. Sir \Villiam Stanley's horse had seven bullets in him, bQ.t bore his rider unhurt to the end of the battle. Leicester declared Sir \V:llium and " old Heade" to be "worth their wcig-ht in }>l:arl!' llnnnibal Gou~aga, leader of the Spanish cavalry, foll mortally wounded. The Marqnis del Vasto, commander of the expedition, nearly met the same fate. An Englishman was just cleaving his hen<1 "ith a battle-axe, when a Spaniard transfixed the soldier with his pike. Tho most ohstinate struggle took place about ihe train of waggons. The teamsters had fled in the Leginuing of tho action, but the English and Spanish solcliers, struggli11g with the horses, aud pulling them forward and backward, tried in vaiu to get exclusive possession of the convoy "·hid1 was the cause of the action. The carts at last forced their way slowly ncart'.1' arnl nearer to the town, whilo the comLat still went on, warm as ever, bet ween tlw Lo:;tilo squadrons. The action lasted an hour an The brave anJ arnialile Sir Philip Sidney wn.s not, however, spared tot.he wisoos of hia Death ur Sidney. uncle. The wound he had rccdvcd proved rnortal. He Lad been removed from the field of battle to n. }>lac;c called .A.rnam, where Leicester visited him; and where, on tho 17th of October, he expired. 1GS7. Leicester found ]1imself, nt the end of his second term in the Provinces, without a Results of Lcict.'! QUEEN ELIZABEl'll. lliH7. tration was a failure ; and although ho repeatedly hazarded his life, and poured out his wealth in their l>chalf with an almost unecpmllcd liberality, he could never gain the hea.rts of the Netherlanders. English valour, English intelligence, English truthfulness, English generosity, were endearing England more and more to Holland. The Statesmen of both countries were brought into closest union, and learned to appreciate and to respect each other, while they recognised that the fate of their respective commonwealths was • indissolubly united. But it was to the efforts of Walsingham, Drake, Raleigh, "'\Vilkes, Bucklmrst, Norris, Willoughby, Williams, Vere, Russell, and the brave men who fought under their banners or their councils, on e~·ery battle-field, and in every beleagured town in the Netherlands, and to the universal spirit and sagacity of the English nation in this grand crisis of its fate, that these fortunate results wore owing; not to the Earl of Leicester, nor-daring tho term of his aJministration -to Queen Elizabeth her:;clf. 158~. D~tr:ir.W «-Ddition of The blackest night that ever descended upon the Nethcrfo.ncls-more disappointing Dutch Repab\k. - l:.otley. \·01. IL, Pl>· 3.i1, 3.'.iS. because succeeding a period of comparative prosperity and triumph-was the winter of 1587-8, when Leicester h:id terminated his career by his alJrupt departure for England, after his second brief attempt at administration. For it was exactly at this moment of anxious expectation, when dangers were rolling up from the south, till not a ray of light • or hope could pierce the universal darkness, that the little commonwealth was left without a chief. The English Earl departed, shaking the dnst from his feet; but he did not resign. The suprer.uo authority, so far as he could claim it, was again transferred, with his person, to England. Tho consequences were immediate and disastrous. All the Lcicestrians refnsed to obey tho States-General. Utrecht, the stronghold of that party, announced its unequivocal intention to annex itself, without any conditions whatever, to the English crown, while in Holland, young lfaurico was solemnly installed stadtholder, and captain-g~neral of the Provinces, under the gni QUEEN }:I,1ZAll~'£ll. 1~. opinion, and not the better liked of them that I have earnestly followed the general; and being ono that wauts both opinion and experience with thezn I have to deal, and means to win more or to maintain that which is left, what good may be looked for?" Englibh Commi•~ion,•rt1 !\Ieant.in1c the English sovereign, persisting in her delusion, and despite the solemn como to O,,t,•ud.-Motlcy, \'oL ll., 1'1'· ;.;:;, 3.;:;. warnings of her own wisest counsellors, and the passionate remonstrances of the States General of the :N" ctherlands, sent her peace-commissioners to the Duke of Parm.a. The Earl of Derby, Lord Cobham, Sir James Croft, V alcntine Dale, Doctor of Laws and former Ainlmssador at Vienna, and Dr. Rogers, Envoys on the part of the Queen, arriveJ in the NcthcrlanJs in February. The Commissioners appointed on the part of Farnese were Count A.remlicrg, Cbampagny, Richaruot, Jacob :Maas, and Secretary Garnier. ~l1he English Commissioners nn-ivcd a.t Ostend. 1Vith them came Robert Cecil, youngest son of Lord-treasurer Burghley, then twenty-five y<-·a.rs of age. He had no official capacity, bnt ,\·as sent by his father, tlrn.t ho might improve his diplomatic talents, and obtain some iufonnation as to the condition of the Netlwrlands. · C<-cil nrnk<'S i. trnu in 1-1.,n. V.11ilc at D11.11~rr,,u.~ nt•·f'•ml in ~ otLl: Sonoy, iu the name of Leicester, took a11ns against :Maurice and the States; :Maurice Holl:.1111. 1\fotlc·y, Vol. II., pp. 40:J, -uu. marched against him; and Lord ,vmougbl)y, conunanclcr-in-chicf of the English forces, was anxious to march against :\Inuricc. It was a spectacle to make angels weep, that of Englishmen aucl Hollanders prcpming to cut each other's throats, at the moment when Philip anu. Panna. were bending all their cnerf,1-ics to crush England and Holland at once. Indeed, the interregnum between the departure of Leicester and his abdication was diligently employcJ. by his 111oro rcl'l 1 republic--a free commonwealth-was thought m1 ab::mnlity. 1 0 entrust ::;upn.•mc power to advocatc·s, nicrc:lmnts, and mechanic::.;, :c;ecmed as hopeless as it was vulgar. \Villoughby, much C:hwotcu to Leicester, and rnud1 detesting Barneveld, hacl small scruple iu fanning the flames of discord. 'I1lierc was open IDutiny against tl10 States by the garrison of Gertruydcnbc-rg, and J>eregri11,(J JJertie, XI. LO'rd, Willouglwy. 113 QUEEN ELIZABETH. .,, 1688. Willoughl)y's brother-in-law, Captain ,vingfield, comman 2G 114 Peregri,ne Bertie, XL. Lo,rd, Willoughby. QU};EN ELtZADr.'TH. lh&. regarded him as a cipher ; others, like Robert Cecil, thought him an unmannerly school-boy; but Willoughby, although considering him insolent and conceited, could not deny Iris ability. r:rhe peace-partisans among the burghers-a very small faction-were furious against him, for they knew that Maurice of Nassau represented war. They accused of deep designs against the liberties of their country the youth who was ever ready to .risk his life in their defence. A burgomaster from Friesland, who bad come across the Zuyder Zee to intrigue against the States' party, was full of spleen at being obliged to dance attendance for a long time at the Hague. He complained that Count Maurice, green of years, and seconded by greener counsellors, was meditating the dissolution of the state-council, the appointment of a new board from his own creatures, the overthrow of all other authority, and the assumption of the sovereignty of Holland and Zeeland, '\'\ith absolute power. "A.nd when this is dqne," said the rueful burgo master, cc he and his turbulent fellows may make what terms they like ·with Spain to the disadvantage of the Queen and of us poor wretches." But there was nothing farther from the thoughts of the turbulent fellows than any negotiations with Spain. lfauricc was ambitious enough, perhaps, but his ambition ran in no such direction. '\Yilloughby knew better. and thought that by humouring the petulant young man it might be possible to manage him. cc Maurice is young," he said," hot-headed, coveting honor. H we do but look at him through our fingers, without much words, but with providence enough, baiting his hook a little to his appetite, there is no doubt but he might be caught au Qt,'"EEN ELIZADETII. 1688. the stage-as the general proceeded to observe-" was a skittish horse, becoming by little and little assured of what he had feared, and perceiving the ·harmlessness thereof: while his companions, finding no safety of neutrality in so great practices, and no ov~urning ·nor barricade to stop his rash wilded chariot, followed without fear; and when some of the had passed- the bog, the rest, as the fashion is, never started after. The variable finit . . . .~ democracy, embracing novelty, began to applaud their prosperity; the base and lewdest . . sorts of men, to whom there is nothing more agreeable than change of Estates, as a better monture to degrees than their merit, took present hold thereof. Hereby Paul Buys, Barneveld, and divers others, who were before mantled with.a. tolerable affection, though ' sea.soned with a poisoned intention, caught the occasion, and made themselves the Beelzebubs of all these mischiefs, and, for want of better angels, spa.red not to let fly our · golden winged ones in the name of guilders, to prepa1·e the hearts and hands that hold money dearer than honesty, of which sort the country troubles and the Spanish practices having suckled up many, they found enough to serve their purpose. As the breach is safely saltable where no defence is made, so they, :finding no head, but those scattered arms that were disavowed, drew the sword with :Peter, and gave pardon with the PQ}le, as you shull plainly perceive by the proceedings at Hom. Thus their force, fair words, or corruption, prevailing everywhere, it grew to this conclusion-that the worst were encouraged with their good success, and the best sort assured of no fortune or favour." Out of all this hubbub of stage-actors, skittish horses, rash v.ilded chariots, bogs, Beelzebubs, and golden-winged angels, one truth was distinctly audible ; that Beelzebub in the shape of Barneveld, had been getting the upper hand in the Netherlands, and that the Leiccstrfans were at a. disadvantage. In truth those partisans were becoming extremely impatient. Finding themselves deserted by their great protector, they natw·u.JJy turned their eyes towards Spain, and were now thrcatenin$ to sell themselves to Philip. The Earl, at his departure, had given them privately much encouragement. But mouth after month had passed by while they were waiting in vain for comfort. At last the "best "-that is to say, the unhappy Leicestrians---came to Willoughby, asking his advice in their " declining and desperate cause.,, "Well nigh a month longer," said that general," I nourished them with compliments, and assured them that my Lord of Leicester would take ca.re of them." The diet was not fa.ttening. So they began to grumble more loudly than ever, and complained with great bitterness of the miserable condition in which they had been left by the Earl, and expressed their fears lest the Queen likewise meant to abandon them. They protested that their poverty, their powerlul foes, and their slow friends, would compel them either to make their peace with the States' party, or "compound with the enemy." • It would have seemed that real pat1iots, under such circumstances, would hardly Rntred between States and Lck't~tnl\M.-(Willoughhy hesitate in their choice, and would sooner accept the dominion of " Beelzebub," or even to W al:!ingbam-)1S. Jw;t Paul Buys, than that of Philip II. But the Lciccstrians of Utrecht and Friesland quot.-d.)-Motloy, Vol. IL. p. -tl7. patriots as they were-hated Holland worse than they hated the Inquisition. Willoughlly encouraged them in that hatred. He assured them of her Majesty's affection for them, complained of the factious proceedings of the States, and alluded t.o the unfavourable state of the weather as a, reason why-near four mouths long-they had not received the comfort out of England which they had a rigl1t to expect. He assm·cd them that neither the Queen nor Leicester would conclude this honourable action, wherein much had been hazarded," so n.wly and tragically" as they seemed to fear, and warned them, that "if lW 1~e-regri,nB Be-rtie, XI. Lord JVi.llCJ'Ufll,by. QUEEN EU?.A.nE'l:R. l.i:l~. they did join with Holland, it would neither case nor help them, but draw them into a more dishonourable loss of their liberties; and that, after ha;vi11g wound them in, the Hollanders would make their own peace with the enemy." It seemed somewhat unfair-,vhile the Qnccn's government was straining every nerYc to obtain a peace with Philip, and while the Hollanders were obstinately deaf to any propositions for treating-that Willoughby should accuse them ·of secret intentions to negotiate. But it must be confessed that faction has rarely worn a more mischievous aspect than was presented by the politics of Holland and England in the winter and spring of 1588. Young Maurice was placed in a very painfol position. He liked not to be "strangled in the great Queen's embrace;" but he felt most keenly the necessity of her friendship, and the importance to both countries of a close alliance. It was impossible for him1 however, to tolerate the rebellion of Sonoy, although Sonoy was encouraged by Elizabeth, or to fly in the face of Barneveld, although Barneveld was detested by Leicester. So with much firmness and courtesy, not·withstanding the extravagant pictures painted by Willoughby, he suppressed mutiny in Holland, while avowing tho most chivalrous attachment to the Sovereign of England. F.ac! of Sort-0)"",. ~bellion. At last the Queen informed Willoughby, that-as tho cause of Sonoy's course seemed )Fotle-7, \'ol. lL, pp. 420, 121• to bo his oath of obec1i ..·nce to Leicester, whose resignation of office had not yet been received in the N ethcrlands-shc had now oxdcred Councillor Killigrew to communicate tho fact of that resignntion. She also wrote to Sonoy requiring him to obey the States and Count l\faurice, and to accept a fresh commission from them, or at least to surrender Mcdcnblik, and to fulfil all their orders with zenl and docility. So soon as tho news reached Sonoy, that contumncious chieftain found his position untenable, and he allowed tho States' troops to take possession of Medenblik, and with it the important territory of North Holland, of which province l!aurice now sa.w himself undisputed governor. Sonoy was in the course of tho summer deprived of all office. wmoughby'• exptoita On the 30th of July, "\Villougbby received two letters from the Lords of the Privy Coun- -'J::aiDllt tl1c Spaniarda.- LadJ o. Bertie, PP· 20T. cil, urging demands for ships and "shot," (a) for the defence of the seas against the common 2u9• enemy of England and the States, the haughty power of Spain. A stronger tio can scarcely be found, than that which unites two parties for mutual protection and good offices, when the same danger threatens both; and besides the aid which Elizabeth might justly demand from Holland for herself, that country was selfishly internsted in opposing the ambition of the tyrant with whom it had so iong contended. '11hc requests of Elizabeth were presented through her General ; and tho shipping demanded had ah·eady, through his solicitations, been granted for the comm.on dofonce, and had even put to sea. The movements of the Spaniards were watched by Willoughby with all the eagernes8 and promptitude of his natui·e. On the 51st of July, hn.ving learnt that a large Spanish ship was hovering between Osteud and Sluys, he sent out three men-of-war to take her, and after a fight of two hours, she was capturecl, and several persons of rank in her were either killed or taken prisonors. His own personal exploits were very succcssfnl : ho overthrew a cornet of horse of J3recla, and gained, v.,ith inferior numbers, an n.dvantago over the enemy at Gertruydenburgh. " The Lord General," writes Mr. Digges to Sir Francis W alsingh:im, on the 6th of August, "hath in person caused th~ soldiers of Gertruyclenbw·gh to draw blood of th~,encmy, to Peregrine Bertie, XI. Lord Willougltby. 117 QUEEN l':LIZABETH 1668. his great honour, and their singular commendation; the rn.ther for that it was upon extreme disa.dYn.ntage and inequality of number." The writer acliis, that "the Lord General had been within. these two da.ys at Bcrghen, the St-ates having intrerLted him to take measures for the defence of the place." By the Gth of August we find him at l\ficlulehurgh; the shot he had been directed to obtain, prepared to sail, but at one time detained by contrary winds, and afterwards by Willoughby, on his own responsibility, for n. few days, "to see," as he himself expresses it to the Lords of the Priry Council, "what might fall out, hoping in the meantime to understand from your Lordships (upon this passing by of the enemy, and tl1e Duke of Parma's hovering for advantage), some fmiher direction." At this moment the bailled and dispersed Spanish Fleet wns 1>nssing northwards along the Dutch shores; '\Yilloughby longed to join in its defeat, and wrote a pressing entreaty to the Privy Council at Lome to be permitted (as he hacl commission to fight l)y sea or land), to "procure Count :Maurice, if possible, to go to sen with such forces as we are ahle to make, to pursue the said Duke of Parma, to impeach his coming forth and ·landing, though it be unto the coast of England: for it will be most nc>ccssary that he be> er:.rcfn]Jy hindered and (so much as may be) prevented, hccause tho J1ope of the rest is wholly fixcu upon his success; and nothing can more let him, than to t,e followed in continual fight with the fleet of this country, mixed '"-itb some of her 1.fajcst.y's forces." He aclds "that finding Lord Henry Seymour bas returned to the Downs, he has sent away the soldiers, (that being the place first appointed for their meeting) though Im greatly fears their want may be felt where he is ; because about Saturday, the Duke, ns we have intelligcuco, will put forth." cc As for the Prince of Parma," ~'I.id Drake, "I take him to bo as a brn.r rohl,ed Orrill C'!ll'rt, or J'11rm11. )fotky, Vol. fl .• pfl. l.08 of her whelps." 'l'he Admiral was quite right. Alexander wns beside himself with rage. 6Jl. So soon as he had received information of the arrival of the fleet before Calnis-which was on the 8th A.ugust;....:...he had proceeded the same night to Newport anct cmlJru-kcd 16,000 men, and before da.,vn he was a.t Dunkirk, where the troops sintioned in t lrnt port were as rapidly placed on board the trnnsports. Sir '\Yillfam Stanley, with l1fo 'i0O Iiish kernes, were among the first shipped for the enterprise. ~'wo days long tlwse n~gimcnts lay beapcd together, like sacks of com, in the hon.ts-as one of their officers described it- and they lay cheerfully, hoping that the Dutch fleet would be swept out of Uw sc,L by the Invincible Annada, and patiently expecting the signal for setting suil to England. 'rhen came the Prince of Ascoli, who had gone ashore from the Spanish fleet at Caln.is, accompanied by Scrjcant-mnjor Gallinato and other messengers from :l\Iedinn. Sidonia, bringing the news of the fire-ships and tho dispersion and flight of the Annada. To the Queen's glorious naval commanders, to the dauntless mariners of EnglanJ, wit.h their well-handled vessels, their admirable seruuanship, their i act ancl their courage, he longed the joys of the contest, the triumph, ancl the glorious pu:rr--nit; but to the pa.ti cut Ho11andcrs and Zeclandcrs, who, with their hundred vessels, held Farnese, the chief of the gr('at. enter prise, at bay, a close prisoner with his whole army in his own ports, d.a.ring him lo the issl:ie, and ready-to the last plank of their fleet n.11d to the last Jrop of their lilood-to confront hotb him and the Dnke of ::'.Icdina Sidonia, an equal shnrc of honour is due. The g:ifoty of the two free commonwealths of the worlll in that teniblci contest was acbfon:n. 1,y the people and marinc1·s of the two sintes combined. Tho J)11ko of Parrna, rnd:mdwly, disappointed, angry-stung to the soul by calumnies as st,upid as they WC'.rc vrnomous, 2 II 118 Peregrine Bertie, XI. l10rd lVi.llougl,by. QUEEN ELIZ.\BETR. 1688. Alesander betciegeii Bergon. and already nffiictcd with a painful and lingering disease, which his friends attributed to c.p-Zoom.-Kotle7, Vol II., pp. 637, 638• poison administered by command of the master whom be had so faithfully served- determined, if possiLle, to afford the consolation which that master was so pla..iutively demanding nt bis hands. So Alexander led the splendid army which had been packed in, and unpacked from, tho fiat boats of N cw-port and Dunkirk, against Bergen-op-Zoom, and besieged that city in form. Once of groat commercial importance, although somewhat fallen away from its original prosperity, Bergen was well situate on n little stream which connected it with the tide waters of the Scheldt, and was the only placo in Brabant, except Willemstad, still remaining to the States. Opposite lay the Isle of Tholen from which it was easily to be supplied and reinforced. The Vosmeer, a branch of the Scheidt, separated the island from the main, and there was a path along the bed of that estuary, which, at dead low-,vater, was practicable for wading. Alexander, accorilingly, sent a, party of eight hundred pikemen, under lfontigny, ~Iarquis of Renty, and Otta.vio Mansfeld, supported on the dyke by three thousand musketeers, across the dangerous ford, at ebb-tide, in order to seize this important island. It was an adventure similar to those, which, in the days of the grand commander, and under the guidance of 1'Iondragon, had been on two occasions so brilliantly successful. But tho Isle of Tholen ,vas now defended by Count Sol.ms and a. garrison of fierce, amphibious Zeclanders-of those determined bands which had just been holding Farnese and his fleet in prison, and daring him to tho issue-and tho invading party, after fortunn.tcly accomplishing their night-jonn1ey along tho bottom or the Vosmecr, were unable to effect a landing, were drh·en with consi QUEES F.I,TZADETJI. UiSS. '£he waters wero out-for the dykes had been cut in all directions by the dcfonJ.crs of tho city-ti;n.d with tho exception of some elevated points occ11pie QUEEN ELIZABETB. 1188. Tbe r-a:ke of l'arma bl Bra The Duke of Parma then went into winter quarters in Brabant, and, before the spring! b&nL that obedient Province had been eaten as bare as Flanders had already been by the frienclly Spaniards. Tbe liege o1 GertruycJl!D• An excellent unclc1·standing between Engln.nd and Holland had been the result of their ~:~~~ Vol. l'·P· 6~otleJ, n., united and splendid exertions against the Invincible Axmac1a. Late in the year 1588 Sir J obn Norris had been sent by the Queen to offer her congratulations and. earnest thanks to the States for their valuable assistance in preserving her throne, and to solicit their cooperation in somo new designs against the common foe. Unfortunately, however, this epoch of good feeling was of brief duration. Bitterness and dissension seemed the inevitable conditions of the English-Dutch alliance. It will be remembered, that, on the departure of Leicester, several cities had refused to acknowledge the authority of Count Maurice and the States; and that civil war in the scarcely-born commonwealth had been the result. :Med en bJik, Naarden, and the other contumacious cities had however been reduced to obedience after the reception of the Earl's resignation, but the importn.ut city of Gertruydcnllerg had remained in a chronic state of mutiny. This rebellion had been partially appeased dnring the year 1588 Ly the efforts of Willoughby, who had strengthened the g:trrison by reinforcements of English troops under command of his brother-in-law Sir John ,vingfield. Early in 1580, however, the whole ga1Tison became rebellious, disanned and mnltrcated the burghers, n.nd demanded immediate payment of the hcary arrearagcs still duo to the troops. '\Yilloughby, who-much disgusted with his career in the Netherlands-,vas about leaving for England, complaining that tho States had not only left him ·without remuneration for liis services, bnt ha<.1 not i-cpaid his own ad,ances, nor even gh-c1i him a complimentary dinner, tried in vain to pacify them. A n1mou.r became very current, moreover, that the garrison had openccl negotiations with Alexander Farnese, and accordingly Maurice of X assau-of whoso patrimonial property the city of Gcrtruydcuberg made a consideral,lo proportion, to the amount of eight thousand pounds sterling a yen.r after summoning the garrison, in bis own name and in that of the States, to surrender, laid siege to the place in form. It woukl have l>ccn cheaper, no doubt, to pay the demands of the garrison in full, ancl allow them to depart. But Maurico considered his honour at stake. His letters of summons, in which ho spoke of the 1·cbcllious commanclant and his garrison as self-seeking foreigners and mercenaries, were taken in i;ery ill part. "\Vingfield resented the statc-ment in very insolent language,and offcreu to prove its falsehood with liis sword against any man and in any place whatever. \Yilloughby wrote to his brother in-law, :Crom Flushing, when about to embark, disappro·dng of his conduct n.nd of his language; and to Maurice, deprecating hostile measures against a city under tho protection of Queen Elizal>et,h. At any rate, he claimetl that Sir J ohu Wingfield and his ·wife, the Countess of Kent, with their newly-born child, should be allowed to depart from the place. But Wingfield expressed great scorn at any suggestion of 1·ctrcat, and vowed that he would rather sun-ender the city to the Spnnin.rds than tolcra.te the presumption of Maurice and the States. The young Prince accordingly opened his batteries, but before an entrance could be effected into tho to,vn, was obliged to retire ~t the approach of Count iiansfcl QUEEN ELIZAnEr:e. 1688. tho fo,ours ancl kindness ho ha " l{ight trusty and wc-11-bcloved, we greet you well. Having been often and earnestly January 10th. Qal!t'n Eiz abeta'a letter to Wilhu!l'l, by solicited on your behalf, to license you to repair over into this realm, as well for the ginng him leaYe to retu:-:i.. ordering of certain your own private affairs requiring your presence, as also for the great -Lad7 G. Bertie, p. 231 desire you have to see us after your so long absence, we have been pleased, now that it scemeth the state of our a[ttirs there may in some sort spare your presence for some short time, to yield unto your said request; and do by these our letters signify unto you, that we can be <:ontent, that ta.king such order in your charge there beforo your coming a.way, u that 110 <.lisorder mn.y ensue by your absence, and lca,ing such direction, as well among the chief ofl1ccrs as the private captains, that they shall continue the execution of their clrn.rge:. with no less caro and respect than if you were present among them, you may afterwn.rcl:; use tho bcne:fit of this our license for your repair over. And to the end the Sb.tes may not take any jt'nlous conceit of your absence, or interpret the snme othcnYise tlrnn it is meant, we 11:rve thought good by our letters to signify unto them the causes of your coming away; and that we do mean, whensoever any occasion shall fnll out that may require your presence there, to return yon thither with all con,cnicnt speed." On the 28th of Fchrnnry, ,Yilloughby, who had somo time before left the Hague, was still detained at hliddlc:1Jurgh by the pressure of business, but willing nnd hoping to sail for Eng)nud in a. day or two. IIis arrival in London on tho 14th of :\farch is announced by the Queen herself, in a letter to Sir Thomas Bodley, dated.from Westminster on the 16th. " Er.1zAnETH n. 1589. "Trusty and well-be1oved, wo greet you well. Upon the arrival of the Lord Willoughby, ~t arch 16th. The Qal't'fl ·" lt•ttcr announcing bis :ar our G0Ycn1or, which was ycster night late, we unclerstoo His expenses during tho whole of the campaign wero enormous, and, ac~ording 'W'illoaghby'• eltf"'Tl"""· Lad7 G. Bertio,pp. 2.53. Z5t. to the estimate fun1ished by his secretary, :l\Iorga.n Colman, had swallowed up his w hule income, " about £2,200 or £2,300 per annum, saving what was allowed to his laJy;" he had sold " great store of woods, and all the stock his father left him," amounting to n. very large sum ; had "pawned bis plate, silver vessels, and all his o,Yn and his luuy's jcwds; had mortgaged his fond in Norfolk to supply his wants in these wars, and by the same. means had n1n into a debt of at least £4,000." Nor can this be wondcrecl at, when \Ye find it stated, that besides tho necessary charges brought upon him by the situation he held, and by the obligation of forwarding intelligence as General, and of travelling in such a country, he also bcstoweJ rewards on the deserving, for the sake of her :Majesty's service, ana tho encouragement of well-doers : from his own purse rc-inforcca his comp::my of horse to two hundred, which had fallen to sixty, when delivered 11p to his cLurgo; continued to supply the plnco of any horse that chanced to be killed, from his own purso; mainlaiucJ almost entirely n. number of Dutch captains and officers rccci vcd into his cornet; gave or lent sums of money often to relieve her Majesty's 21 122 Pere9ri11.e Bertie, XI. Lo·rd Willou9ltby. Qt,'"EE...._ &LIZc\BETH. l689. captains and other gentlemen in extremities; raised a company of one hundred horse at his own expense; and at the encounter at Zutphen (especially whC're his person was so endangered) lost mnny horses, " for which he was never considcrctl." For all this, Willoughl)y only desired to ha.vo the allowance awarded by the Council of .£1,000 a. year, and payment for the victuals nrnJ provisions with which he had furnishe,1 Berghen pcfore the siege, in order that he might be enabled to tlc-fruy bis debts; a '11.& old ballad of .. The A true relation of a famous 11uu bloody bnttlo, fou~ht in Flanders Ly tho uol,lo nn,1 ni.linnt Lord Willoughby, Br,m, Lord WiUuughby." witli fifh:en hundred Euglish ug:liust forty thousand S1ianiards, where the En~lish oLtaiucd a. notuble l·ictory, for -Lll&iJ u. D.:rt.ii,, p. 266. tho glory nncl renown oi our nativn. To CM fK11e nf Lord Tr ill,,119hby. The ,harp stccl-pnint.cd arrows, The fifteenth d11y c,C Jutr, And bull1:t.. tJ,ic:k did fly ; With gJi,-t-,ring "P""r IUlcl llhit:ld, Then dicl.C>ur vulia1,t 11oul And turni11g to"·,ml,. tlio Spaninrd.41 And thu.1 I encl this blooJy bout, Fi-ve thou:<1Lnd more they ,.Jew. I Of bravo Lord Willoughl,~y. l'creyrine Bertie, XI. Lotd J'lillou9liby. 123 ·------QUEEN ELIZABETll. 1689. My Lord ,vmoughl,y wns one of the Qu(:1:11's first sword--men. Ho wn.s a great master Lord Willoughby i,ent •• Ooneral to 00111D1&nd an of tho art military, 11.lld was st>ut General into France, and commanded the second of .five .Anny in France, to aid annics tlio.t t.hc Queen sent thither in nycl of the F1·cnch. I have hcarcl it spoken, that lionry. King of NAvarre. Sir Rub:rt Nauatoa'a 1-'rug• had ho not slighted tho Court, hut apply<:cl l1im~r.1lfo to tho Qnccn, Le might have enjoyed mc11ta ltoplia, p. 23. a plcntifull portion of her grn<:e: ancl it was his i:;aying (ancl it clid him no good) that he was none of the Reptilia,. i11ti,11uting that lw cnu]tl not oreepe on the ground, and that tho Court was not his clement; for indeed, :,~ hn was a. great soulclier, so was he of a suitable magnanimitio, and could 11ot hrook the ol,-.nr!1donsnesse and assiJuitie of the Court; and as ho wu8 then somewhat d1.:scc:udiug from youth, happily ho lrnd an animam reve1·lcndi; and to 1m1ke a safe retreat.. At Inst, at Plessis lcs ':l1ours, the Bean1,•:ic, in his shabby o1c1 chnmois jacket and his llurderof Henry Ill., King of F'rauoe.-llotloy, vol. II., well-uintc•ll cuirnss, took the silkc•n II011rv. in }1is anns, aml tho two-the .hero and the p. 6GO. fril,lJlc-swcaring eternal fri•·w1ship, proN•.-,fo,t to Lesiege Pnris. A fow weeks later, the dagge:r of Ja,flICS Clement 1,ut an cud for cn·r tn the line of Valois. Luckless Henry III. slept with llis forefathers. The C'tmlinall thcrPforc of Bourhon i!=; proclair!lr:d King of I 1'ranco, monies arc stamped Tho Cardinal of Dourbon pr.x:J.aimod Kiag.-•Camdl:'n. with l1is iiua~c, and the till adya1wcrl his mortull cnsig1ws against K:1Y;t1Tc·, (who being in like manner by bis party most. justly prodnimcd ]\i11;..~ of J:'r:11w<', 1:1.y 1:r,w at Diepe n c:oast towne of Nonnandy,) iu Navarre in clangor. assured hopo either to bl,Y him prisonc:r, or r~rive him ont, of Ji'mnco . .,The Ki11g of N'avnrre lif•i11g brought to tl1l':,;,, !:-trajt,g, encamping with his forces nccrc to The Queen reUnea him. -Camdw, pp. 386,397. tho towue, sent in haste i11t o En::;lanc1, fir~t. )1 onsi1:11r Deu.voir ln. Nocclc, and soon after, Buhy nrnl Buzcnvnl, to cran~ r.i1fo, an Tho Qnccuc, lest she shn11l,l faile a l,i11•~ t•f tbe i:-ruue p1·ofossi 1Jn, n.ml flourishing in )lnrtfall glory, in his so