Policing Needs and Priorities Report for Manenberg Cluster 17-18

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ...... 4 2. METHODOLOGY ...... 5 2.1 Target group ...... 5 2.2 Structure ...... 6 2.3 Safety Confidence Scorecard ...... 6 2.4 Non-plenary group discussions ...... 7 3. LIMITATIONS ...... 7 4. MANENBERG DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 8 5. SAPS REPORT BACK ...... 8 6. PRESENTATION BY THE CITY OF CAPE TOWN ...... 9 7. PRESENTATION BY THE SOUTH AFRICAN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION (SAHRC) ...... 10 8. PRESENTATION BY THE NATIONAL PROSECUTING AUTHORITY OF SOUTH AFRICA ...... 10 9. RESULTS OF THE SAFETY CONFIDENCE SCORECARD ...... 11 9.1 Participants ...... 11 9.2 Professional Policing ...... 12 9.3 Perceptions of safety in public spaces and at home ...... 15 9.4 Partnerships ...... 17 10. THE 2017 SAFETY PLAN ...... 20 11. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 20 12. ANNEXURE 1: 2017 SAFETY PLAN ...... 22 13. ANNEXURE 2: SAFETY CONFIDENCE SCORECARD ...... 29 14. ANNEXURE 3: MANENBERG CRIME ANALYSIS AND TRENDS: 2011/2012 - 2015/2016 ...... 35 15. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... 41

ACRONYMS

AHR Alcohol Harms Reduction

CBO Community Based Organisation

CID City/ Central Improvement District

CoCT City of Cape Town

CAP Community Action Plan

CPF Community Police Forum

CSC Community Service Centre

CSF Community Safety Forum

CSIP Community Safety Improvement Partnership

DoCS Department of Community Safety

EMS Emergency Medical Services

EPP Expanded Partnership Programme

FBO Faith Based Organisation

GBH Grievous Bodily Harm

LG Local Government

MURP Mayoral Urban Renewal Programme

NGO Non-Governmental Organisation

NHW Neighbourhood Watch

NPO Not for Profit Organisation

POCA Prevention of Organised Crime Act

PNP Policing Needs and Priorities

SAPS South African Police Service

VCP Vehicle Check Points

VEP Victim Empowerment Programme

VPUU Violence Prevention through Urban Upgrading

1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

As part of its annual Policing Needs and Priorities (PNP) consultations the Western Cape Department of Community Safety (DoCS) hosted a workshop for the Manenberg Police Precinct on 25 October 2017. This workshop aimed to feed into the consultative process, mandated by section 206 of the Constitution and section 23 of the Western Cape Community Safety Act,1 in terms of which the Minister of Police is obliged to seek input from provincial governments about their policing needs and priorities.

The key aims of the 2017 PNP workshops were to:  Consult with strategic stakeholders in each police precinct within the Community Safety Improvement Partnership (CSIP) areas about their policing needs and priorities;  Develop safety plans for each police precinct within the CSIP area and  Determine perceptions of safety in each one of the CSIP areas. For the 2017/18 financial year, the Department focused its efforts on mainly six areas: namely Paarl East, Saldanha, Khayelitsha, Gunya (Gugulethu and Nyanga), Manenberg and Riebeek West.

These workshops are part of a departmental ‘whole of society’ approach that seeks to build safety, not for the community but with it. The aim is to ensure that provincial government departments are responsive to the safety needs of communities, to enhance efficiency through the integration of security services, to establish partnerships and, to include communities in local structures created around safety.2 The PNP workshops feed into the DoCS CSIP which has as its objectives the:  promotion of professional policing through effective oversight;  making public buildings and spaces safe; and  establishing viable safety partnerships within communities.

1 Act 3 of 2013. 2 CSIP Blueprint, 2016. 4

2. METHODOLOGY

2.1 Target group

Six PNP workshops were planned, based on the number of CSIP areas in the Province. These include Paarl East, Saldanha, Khayelitsha, Gunya (Gugulethu and Nyanga), Manenberg and Riebeek West. Although Manenberg and Hanover Park were initially meant to be done as one area, a decision was taken to separate them due to them falling within different Police Clusters and geographical areas, police stations, police clusters and CPFs. Invitations were extended to as wide a range of organisations and individuals as possible including:

 SAPS Cluster commanders and precinct station commanders and members;  CPFs and Cluster executives;  Neighbourhood Watches;  Non-governmental, community and faith-based organisations;  National and Provincial Government Departments as well as other state agencies such as National Prosecuting Authority (NPA)  Independent Police Investigative Directorate (IPID);  Integrated Development Plan managers;  Ward councillors and;  Representatives from businesses, Central Improvement Districts and private security service providers.

2.2 Structure

About 85 participants took part in the workshop on 25 October 2017. At the start of the workshop each participant was handed a file containing certain key documents which were intended to contextualise and guide the discussions – these included the 2016 Safety Plan for the Nyanga cluster, a Manenberg Situational Analysis report and copies of various presentations. The workshop was opened by Councillor Bonita Jacobs. Thereafter, DoCS and the South African Police Service (SAPS) reported on implementation of the 2016 Safety Plan and their current interventions to increase safety in Manenberg. The City of Cape Town (CoCT) followed with an update on the development and implementation of the Community Action Plan (CAP) for Manenberg. Reverend Chris Nissen from the South African Human Rights Commission followed with a presentation on human rights and policing. This was later followed by questions and answers and the completion of the ‘Safety Confidence Score Card’ questionnaire. After tea break the plenary was divided into three randomly assigned groups (Professional Policing, Partnerships and Public Spaces) with approximately 10-15 participants per group to discuss and start the development of the Community Safety Plan.3 The aim of the group discussions was to determine the policing needs and priorities for Manenberg and to develop the Safety Plan.4

At the end of the process, the basis for a safety plan was drafted. A follow up discussion was convened by the Department of Community Safety and MURP on 8 November 2017. This was intended to further develop the actionable safety plan and to identify the structure or an organisation that will be responsible for coordinating the implementation of the safety plan. This is the first step to give local government co- ownership of co-implementing elements of the safety plan and to co-produce safety in the area.

2.3 Safety Confidence Scorecard

This questionnaire is designed to ascertain:

 whether participants were victims of a crime and/or police action during the previous year;  to measure their perceptions of police professionalism;  whether they feel safe in public and private spaces, and;  their perceptions of existing safety partnerships (particularly CPFs and NHWs).

To this end participants answered a questionnaire containing a series of statements with a range of possible reactions, four being ‘strongly agree’ and one being ‘strongly disagree’. Police professionalism was elicited via 16 questions aimed to measure the ways in which police interactions with the public were perceived by participants; there were 17 questions on feelings of safety in public and private spaces and; 12 questions on partnerships with the police via CPFs, CSFs, NHWs and, the SAPS reservist programme.5 After the workshop the data were physically captured and entered into a Survey Monkey software programme for subsequent organisation of the data on a spreadsheet, in terms of the main issues identified.

3 The discussions around professional policing, partnerships and public spaces complement the CSIP objectives referred to on page 4 under ‘Background’. 4 See Annexure 1. 5 See Annexure 2 for the questionnaire. 6

2.4 Non-plenary group discussions

The three thematic focus group discussions were moderated by a facilitator from the Department and written up by a scribe. The facilitator was responsible for collating the group’s input into one document, which was presented in the plenary after the discussion. The group discussions centred on identifying the policing and safety needs and setting policing priorities for the development and implementation of a Safety Plan.

3. LIMITATIONS

 The workshops were primarily attended by those who were part of NHWs and CPFs, in SAPS and/or involved in these sectors to some extent or other. Thus, perceptions of safety and the research sample may have been somewhat skewed and not representative of the many communities that make up each neighbourhood within individual police precincts.

 Given the size of the groups and the time taken up by preceding presentations there was insufficient time to have an in-depth and detailed discussion around the Safety Plan. Whilst these discussions certainly stimulated debate and gave opportunities (which might not otherwise have arisen) for people to discuss local safety issues, further discussion would be required to develop more concrete plans.

 Although 85 people attended the workshop, only 23 completed the survey. The sample size of people who completed questionnaires was too small and the process did not lend itself to disaggregation of data or trend analyses.

4. MANENBERG DEMOGRAPHICS

Manenberg is an area located in sub-council 14, which consists of six wards. Sub-council 14 is situated along the N2 highway, close to the Cape Town International Airport, and encompasses Nyanga, Gugulethu and Crossroads. The major roads that run through Sub-council 14 include Klipfontein Road, Govan Mbeki Road, Steve Biko Drive, New Eisleben Road and Settlers Way. There are 2 wards that relate specifically to Manenberg i.e. Ward 42 and Ward 45. Manenberg comprises of the following sub-places: Manenberg, Primrose Park, and Industria and Surrey Estate. According to Stats SA 2011 census, the population of Manenberg was 61 615 with 12 834 households. The average household size was 4.80.6 According to the City of Cape Town,7 the majority of the households’ (51.5%) monthly income in Manenberg was between R1 601- R2 800. The unemployment rate is 36.2%. Manenberg forms part of Nyanga police cluster which has six police precincts.

The reader is referred to Annexure 3 for a detailed breakdown of the SAPS crime statistics between 2011 and 2016. The breakdown of the main crime categories in Manenberg for this period is as follows:

 Crime detected as a result of police action (45.8%): This includes illegal possession of firearms, drug- related crime (use, possession and dealing in drugs) and driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. These crimes are generally not reported to the police by members of the public but, instead, are the result of roadblocks, searches and intelligence collection.8

 Contact crime (19%):9 this involves physical contact between the perpetrator and the victim and ranges from assault, bag snatching (robbery) to kidnapping, rape and murder. Thus, contact crime involves some form of violence against the person.10

 Property-related crime (12.0%): This includes burglary at residential and non-residential premises, theft of motor vehicles and/or motorcycles, theft out of motor vehicles and stock theft. These crimes usually occur in the absence of victims and involves no violence.11

5. SAPS REPORT BACK

Captain Adams made apologies for the acting station commander Colonel Zama who could not attend due to other commitments. He said that between 1 April and 30 September 2017 contact crimes have decreased by 2.9%. Property related crimes have also decreased by 6.9%. “Crimes heavily dependent on police action for detection”, decreased by 0.8%. He reported that shooting in Manenberg is a problem. There was an upsurge of shooting in June and when this happens then the climate in Manenberg changes. SAPS conducted more patrols and confiscated more firearms. “Possession of dangerous weapons” increased by 111%. Drug related crimes have decreased as has dealing in liquor. These decreases are likely to reflect more of a change in policing strategy than actual reduction in these crimes.

Robbery aggravated has decreased. Murder and attempted murder have decreased. According to Captain Adams, most of the murder and attempted murders were gang related and involved the use of illegal firearms. Although for the six months under review the crimes of murder and attempted murder have decreased these crimes are considered the most serious. Rapes have decreased while sexual assaults

6 City of Cape Town ( 2017). Available online at http://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Maps%20and%20statistics/2011_Census_CT_Suburb_Manenberg_Prof ile.pdf. Accessed on 16 October 2017. 7 Ibid. 8 Institute for Security Studies. (2010).’The Crime Situation in South Africa’, http: //issafrica.org/crimehub/uploads/3/crime_situation.pdf (accessed on 23 July 2016). 9http://www.saps.gov.za/resource_centre/publications/statistics/crimestats/2015/crime_stats.php (accessed on 29/10/2015. 10 Institute for Security Studies. (2010). ‘The Crime Situation in South Africa’, http: //issafrica.org/crimehub/uploads/3/crime_situation.pdf (accessed on 23 July 2016). 11 Institute for Security Studies. (2010). ‘The Crime Situation in South Africa’, http: //issafrica.org/crimehub/uploads/3/crime_situation.pdf (accessed on 23 July 2016). 8 increased. In almost all sex crime cases, he reported that the suspect is known to the victim (family, friend or ex-boyfriend). There were no major changes reported in assaults. Common assault remained the same while assault GBH decreased slightly. In most cases the suspect is known to the victim and the incidents occur indoors or in the yards making it difficult to police through visible policing. Robberies decreased slightly thanks to the decrease in robbery with other weapons. This was due to the increased focus by the police on persons carrying dangerous weapons such as knives and screwdrivers which are used to rob members of the community.

Burglary at residential premises decreased by 6.9% between April and September 2017. SAPS reported that there was however a spate of burglaries that occurred in Welcome and Vanguard Estate from late August to early October 2017. The crimes then shifted to Greenhaven but have since stopped. Areas are being monitored. Burglaries at non-residential premises include places of worship, schools and spaza shops. This crime decreased slightly. Theft of motor vehicle has increased but theft out of motor vehicle has decreased by almost 20%.

Steps implemented to combat gang violence:

Asset forfeiture Profiling of suspects Awareness talks, shows and drug displays at Road blocks/ VCP’s schools Eviction process (private and council Search addresses (prominent members / dwellings) gunmen / drug outlets) Firearm compliance inspections Social Crime with other stakeholders (eliminate graffiti, talent shows, youth rehabilitation, youth forum) High visibility in identified gang areas Stop and search operations Investigate gang dockets with the aim of Tasking Crime Intelligence applying POCA Meetings (CPF, Ministers Fraternal, Ward Tasking of informers Councillors, Imbizo’s) Pamphlet distribution Visit parolee Prioritisation of gang dockets Zero tolerance approach (One shot is one shot too many)

6. PRESENTATION BY THE CITY OF CAPE TOWN

Mr Mzimkhulu James Mkalipi, Senior Community Facilitator from the City of Cape Town said that a planning process was undertaken in 2015 and a Community Action Plan (CAP) developed. The City’s Mayoral Urban Renewal Programme (MURP) saw a need for the community to be stabilised. Safety and security is one of the work streams of the CAP. One of the priorities is to develop the safety plan for Manenberg and work with other government departments. The CAP also looks at the capacitation of CPFs and NHWs and safety at schools. One of the challenges in implementing the safety plan was to get SAPS on board and to get them more engaged. One challenge he identified was how to improve government communication with the community. But, despite this MURP have the best representation of the community on the steering committee. The challenge is to engage robustly about the issues. Mr Mkalipi said he was looking forward to working with the provincial government in Manenberg.

7. PRESENTATION BY THE SOUTH AFRICAN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION (SAHRC)

Reverend Chris Nissen paid tribute to Father Chris February – one of the ground-breakers who contributed to safety in this area. He said the SAHRC emerged out of brutal history of grand scale abuse of human rights. It was established in 1993 but the legislation was amended in 1996 and 2013 to give the Commission more powers and to make it more effective. Its mandate is to protect and promote human rights of all people including foreign nationals and to advance a culture of human rights in the SA context. The SAHRC monitors the implementation of international treaties and the Constitution. SAHRC is also working with SAPS to ensure a human rights approach to policing and is involved with different agencies to ensure safer communities. He stressed that with rights also come responsibilities. He expressed concern that children are largely killed by the people they know. He said that communities need to change their mind- set. Socio economic issues must be addressed. Parents should not outsource their responsibilities to children. He called for an inclusive approach to combat crime.

8. PRESENTATION BY THE NATIONAL PROSECUTING AUTHORITY OF SOUTH AFRICA

Mr Bongani Ndwayana, Control Prosecutor from Athlone, said the shortage of human resources in the SAPS compromises the quality of investigations. He said that one detective carries as much as 500 dockets. Sometimes the case is withdrawn because a complainant is no longer interested or he or she has no time to go to court as witness. This makes it difficult for the justice system to achieve its goals. One of the major issues is that people are afraid to come forward, and even when they do, they backtrack due to threats from criminals.

When SAPS do make an arrest, they bring the docket to the NPA to place it on the roll. Many cases don’t make it to prosecution because the community has settled the case, or withdrawn it due to fear. The NPA has identified the need to refocus its strategy and go back to all the police stations and look at cases which were withdrawn from the roll. He said there is a need to identify the problems experienced and which cases can be resuscitated and prosecuted. The justice system cannot do this without assistance from the community. The NPA does instruct detectives to go back and trace the witnesses. The Witness Protection Programme is available but he could not discuss the details of the programme in public.

Amanda Dissel from DoCS gave an overview of the Manenberg crime situation and demographic information as contained in the Manenberg Situation Analysis report and a feedback on what the Department has done to implement the 2016 Safety Plan. She also presented the Department of Community Safety’s (DoCS) basket of services.

9. RESULTS OF THE SAFETY CONFIDENCE SCORECARD

9.1 Participants

Figure 1: Participants per stakeholder group (n=22)

National and Provincial Government 27,27% Departments

Not-for-profit Company (NGO / NPO / NPC) 22,73%

Community Police Forum (CPF) 22,73%

Religious Sector (Faith-based Organisation) 18,18%

SAPS 4,55%

Municipal / Local Government Sector 4,55%

0,00% 5,00% 10,00% 15,00% 20,00% 25,00% 30,00%

As indicated in Figure 1 above, the majority of participants (27.27%) were from National and Provincial Government Departments, followed by Not for profit companies (NPC/NPO/NGOs) (22.73%) and Community Policing Forums (CPFs) 22.73%, followed by the religious sector (18.18%). SAPS and Municipal/ Local Government sector were the least represented at 4.55% each.

In addition, 59.09% of the respondents were females whilst males constituted 40.91%.

Contact with the Criminal Justice System

Figure 2: Household crime victimization - Have you or a member of your household been a victim of crime in the last 12 months? (n=23)

No, 47,83% Yes, 52,17%

As indicated in Figure 2 above, 52.17% of participants had been a victim of crime in the last 12 month.

Figure 3: Nature of crime (n=11)

Common robbery 54,55%

Assault GBH 27,27%

Theft out of motor vehicle 9,09%

Theft of motor vehicle or motorcycle 9,09%

Robbery at residential premises 9,09%

Murder 9,09%

Malicious damage to property 9,09%

Commercial crime 9,09%

Carjacking 9,09%

Burglary at residential premises 9,09%

Attempted murder 9,09%

0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00%

The majority of respondents who had been victims of crime in the last 12 months reported being victims of common robbery (54.55%) and assault GBH (27.27%) (Figure 3 above).

Figure 4: Have you or a member of your household been charged with crime detected as a result of police action? (n=22)

Yes, 4,55%

No, 95,45%

Only 4,55% of the sample (one participant) had been charged as a result of police action for a drug- related crime.

9.2 Professional Policing

Professional policing relates to perceptions about the manner in which the police conduct their services and the relationship they have with communities. It is linked to the notion of legitimacy, which is related to objective ideas of fairness and procedural justice.12 The promotion of professional policing through effective oversight is one of the three pillars of the DoCS Community Safety Improvement Partnership (CSIP).

12 Sunshine, J. and Tyler, T. (2003). ‘The Role of Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Shaping Public Support for Policing’, Law and Society Review, Vol 37(3), 513. 12

It should be emphasized that the questionnaire sought to measure perceptions as to whether policing was professional or not. The intention was not to make any factual findings about whether police in fact act professionally but to gauge the perceptions of survey participants.

The bar graph below represents responses in respect of levels of confidence in SAPS.

Figure 5: Perceptions of confidence (n=23)

I think the South African Police Service (SAPS) in my area are corrupt. 19% 14% 33% 24% 10%

I have confidence in the Department of Correctional Services (Prisons). 41% 23% 32% 5%

I have confidence in the National Prosecuting Strongly Disagree 48% 24% 24% 5% Authority (NPA). Disagree Agree I have confidence in the Criminal Justice system. 50% 32% 14% 5% Strongly Agree N/A I know where to complain if I have a complaint about the service of the police. 26% 13% 43% 13% 4%

I have confidence in the police in my area. 43% 17% 30% 4% 4%

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

Thirty three percent (57%) of the respondents did think that the SAPS in their area are corrupt, 56% indicated that they know where to complain if they have a complaint about the police. Only 34% of respondents were confident in the police. This is lower than the Victims of Crime Survey 2016/17 which found that 49.3% of the households in the Western Cape were satisfied with the police.13 Only 32% of the respondents showed confidence in the Department of Correctional Services while 24% showed confidence in the National Prosecuting Authority and, 19% in the overall criminal justice system. This figure is lower than that of the PNP 2016/17 for the Cluster which was 47%.14

13 Statistics South Africa. (2017). ‘Victims of Crime Survey 2016/17, p 18. 14 Department of Community Safety. (2016). ‘Policing Needs and Priorities (PNP) 2016/17 Report for the Nyanga Police Cluster’, Western Cape Government: p. 16. 13

Figure 6: SAPS interaction with communities (n=22)

The police inform the community about their services. 41% 36% 14% 5% 5%

The police in my area treat the community with Strongly Disagree 19% 48% 33% courtesy and respect. Disagree Agree The police in my area have sufficient physical resources. 32% 41% 27% Strongly Agree N/A The police in my area have the skills to carry out their policing requirements 26% 26% 35% 9% 4%

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

Only 19% of the respondents thought that the police do inform the community about their services, 33% felt that the police in their area treated the community with courtesy and respect and 44% agreed that the police had the skills to carry out their policing functions. Only 27% of the respondents thought that the police had sufficient physical resources. This figure was lower than that of 2016/17 PNP where 34% felt that the police in their area had sufficient physical resources.15 Overall, respondents gave the police a less than satisfactory rating.

Figure 7: Police service delivery and performance of functions (n=22)

The police in my area support safety initiatives. 14% 27% 45% 5% 9%

The police actively patrol in my area. 18% 23% 50% 9%

The police in my area recover stolen property Strongly Disagree 14% 48% 19% 19% reported to them. Disagree Agree The police in my area respond on time to crime scenes. 45% 36% 14% 5% Strongly Agree N/A The police in my area provide feedback and progress reports on any case reported. 36% 41% 14% 9%

The police in my area arrest criminals. 10% 14% 67% 5% 5%

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

Half (50%) of the respondents agreed that the police supported safety initiatives and 59% thought that the police actively patrolled in their areas. Only 19% agreed that the police recovered stolen property. 14% indicated that the police arrived at crime scenes timeously, which is a decline on the findings of the previous year’s PNP where 33% of respondents in the Cluster felt that the police arrived on time.16

15 Department of Community Safety. (2016). Policing Needs and Priorities (PNP) 2016/17 Report for the Nyanga Police Cluster’, Western Cape Government: p. 16. 16 Department of Community Safety. (2016). ‘Policing Needs and Priorities (PNP) 2016/17 Report for the Nyanga Police Cluster’, Western Cape Government: p. 17. 14

Only 14% of the respondents agreed that the police provided feedback on cases reported in their areas. This is lower than 31% figure of the previous year.17 About 72% of the respondents agreed that the police in their area arrest criminals. This is higher than 59% figure of the previous year.18

9.3 Perceptions of safety in public spaces and at home

The bar graphs in Figures 8, 9 and 10 focus on respondents’ perceptions of safety in their homes and in public spaces. Making all public buildings and spaces safe is the second pillar of the CSIP.

Figure 8: Safety at home and in public (n=22)

On the street at night 50% 45% 5%

Strongly Disagree On the street during the day 27% 45% 23% 5% Disagree Agree In my home at night 19% 38% 29% 14% Strongly Agree N/A In my home during the day 14% 23% 50% 14%

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

Only 5% of the respondents felt safe on the street at night – an alarming 95% feeling unsafe. Only 23% felt safe during the day. This is different to the previous year’s figures where 17% of the respondents in the Cluster felt safe on the street at night, with 30% feeling safe during the day.19 In Manenberg, only 43% felt safe in their homes at night with 64% feeling safe at home during the day. This is a slight improvement to the previous year’s figures where 42% of the Cluster felt safe in their homes at night with 60% feeling safe during the day.20

17 Department of Community Safety. (2016). ‘Policing Needs and Priorities (PNP) 2016/17 Report for the Nyanga Police Cluster’, Western Cape Government: p. 17. 18 Department of Community Safety. (2016). ‘Policing Needs and Priorities (PNP) 2016/17 Report for the Nyanga Police Cluster’, Western Cape Government: p. 17. 19 Department of Community Safety. (2016). ‘Policing Needs and Priorities (PNP) 2016/17 Report for the Nyanga Police Cluster’, Western Cape Government, p. 18. 20 Department of Community Safety. (2016). ‘Policing Needs and Priorities (PNP) 2016/17 Report for the Nyanga Police Cluster’, Western Cape Government, p. 18. 15

Figure 9: Perceptions of safety in community spaces and public commercial buildings (n=22)

Open spaces and recreational areas at night 71% 19% 10%

Open spaces and recreational areas during the day 57% 24% 19%

Accessing communal services (toilets/taps, etc.) 60% 30% 5% 5% at night Strongly Disagree Disagree Accessing communal services (toilets/taps, etc.) 48% 24% 29% during the day Agree Strongly Agree In government facilities (Hospitals, Clinics, Schools, etc.) 23% 45% 27% 5% N/A

In public commercial/retail places (Shopping centres, Malls, Spaza shops, etc.) at night 32% 55% 14%

In public commercial/retail places (Shopping centres, Malls, Spaza shops, etc.) during the day 29% 52% 14% 5%

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

Unsurprisingly, just 10% of the respondents felt safe in open spaces and recreational areas at night, while 19% felt safe during the day. Similarly, 5% felt safe accessing communal services at night and 29% during the day. Only 32% of the respondents felt safe in government facilities. This is lower than the figure of the previous year where 55% of the respondents in the Cluster felt safe in government facilities.21 About 14% of the respondents felt safe in public commercial or retail places at night whereas 19% felt safe during the day.

Figure 8 and 9 illustrate that feelings of safety in the street, at home and in public places are much lower than the feelings for the rest of the Cluster (as measured in 2016), and are very low overall. Seemingly, participants did not feel that Manenberg was a very safe place at all.

21 Department of Community Safety. (2016). ‘Policing Needs and Priorities (PNP) 2016/17 Report for the Nyanga Police Cluster’, Western Cape Government, p. 18. 16

Figure 10: Perception of safety around public and private transport (n=22)

Travelling on public transport at night 50% 41% 9%

Travelling on public transport during the day 41% 36% 23%

Travelling in a private vehicle at night 41% 45% 9% 5% Strongly Disagree Disagree

Travelling in a private vehicle during the day 27% 36% 27% 9% Agree Strongly Agree In public transportation hubs (taxi ranks/bus/train stations) at night 50% 45% 5%

In public transportation hubs (taxi ranks/bus/train stations) during the day 43% 38% 19%

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

Fewer respondents (9%) felt safe travelling on public transport at night than during the day (23%). These figures are lower than that of the 2016/17 PNP Cluster findings where 15% of participants felt safe travelling at night and 38% during the day.22

It is worth noting that the 2015/16 Victims of Crime Survey found that at 27.1%, the Western Cape had the highest percentage of households that were prevented from using public transport because of crime.23 Only 5% of the respondents felt safe in public transportation hubs at night, with 19% feeling safe during the day. This is a sharp decline on the findings of the 2016/17 PNP where only 18% felt safe at night and 36% during the day.24 Only 14% of the respondents in Manenberg felt safe travelling in a private vehicle at night, with 36% feeling safe during the day. This is lower than the findings of the 2016/17 Cluster PNP where 18% felt safe at night and 44% during the day.25

9.4 Partnerships

This section discusses how participants view the role and contribution of partnerships between SAPS and civil society. These include CPFs, Neighbourhood Watches, Community Safety Forums and SAPS Reservists. In terms of its ‘whole of society’ approach DoCS views partnerships as being central to community safety. As such the third pillar of its CSIP programme is to establish viable safety partnerships within communities.

22 Department of Community Safety. (2016). ‘Policing Needs and Priorities (PNP) 2016/17 Report for the Nyanga Police Cluster’, Western Cape Government, p. 19. 23 Statistics South Africa (2016), ‘Victims of Crime Survey 2015/16, p 14. 24 Department of Community Safety. (2016). ‘Policing Needs and Priorities (PNP) 2016/17 Report for the Nyanga Police Cluster’, Western Cape Government, p. 19 25 Department of Community Safety. (2016). ‘Policing Needs and Priorities (PNP) 2016/17 Report for the Nyanga Police Cluster’, Western Cape Government, p. 19 17

Figure 11: Partnerships contributing to safety (n=22)

SAPS reservists contribute to safety in the community. 26% 32% 16% 11% 16%

The Neighbourhood Watch contributes to safety Strongly Disagree in the community. 10% 15% 40% 25% 10% Disagree Agree The CSF contributes to safety in the community 21% 11% 37% 32% Strongly Agree N/A

The CPF contributes to safety in the community. 11% 11% 61% 6% 11%

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

In terms of the ranking listed below, CPFs received the highest approval of partnerships contributing towards safety:

1. CPFs: 67% (It was 67% in 2016/17) 2. NHWs: 65% (It was 79% in 2016/17) 3. CSFs: 37% (It was 58% in 2016/17) 4. SAPS Reservists: 27% (It was 60% in 2016/17)

As already indicated earlier in the report the sample is somewhat skewed given that the majority of participants were connected to the SAPS and to safety partnerships and thus the positive rankings for CFPs and NHWs were to be expected. It is not surprising that only 27% of respondents felt that reservists contributed to safety in the community as the number of reservists has declined significantly in the country and the Western Cape following the introduction of the new policy on reservists (National Instruction 3 of 2014) which introduced new requirements for the recruitment of reservists. No new reservists have been recruited or trained in the SAPS over the last couple of years.

Similarly, there has been a decline in the support for Community Safety Forums. This is expected since very few municipalities have in fact established such forums. There has been some initiative to establish such a forum in Manenberg and in the discussions participants agreed that a forum should be established.

Figure 12: Holding the police accountable through the CPF (n=22)

The CPF holds police accountable to the community. 11% 11% 61% 11% 6%

The CPF provides regular feedback to the community. 16% 26% 47% 5%5% Strongly Disagree Disagree I report my concerns regarding crime to the CPF. 11% 16% 47% 16% 11% Agree Strongly Agree I report my concerns regarding the police to the CPF. 11% 21% 42% 16% 11% N/A

The CPF have established strong partnerships in my area 11% 11% 47% 16% 16%

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

During the workshop, DoCS reported on the status of the CPFs and their engagement with the Department’s Expanded Partnership Programme (EPP). The EPP funding model makes R36 700 available to each CPF annually to fulfil their legislative functions. From April 2015 to March 2016 an amount of R195 000 was available for the cluster. Only R73 539.11 (37.7%) was accessed by CPFs. The Manenberg CPF have the required Transfer Payment Agreement with DoCS for the 2015/16, 2016/17 and 2017/18 financial years and have received R7 500 as payment on signature. However, they have not submitted any EPP reports and are deemed not to be compliant with the EPP system.

Despite this, the majority of the respondents (72%) agreed that the CPF does hold the police accountable to the community and 52% indicated that the CPF provides regular feedback to the community. This figure is higher than that of the Cluster PNP 2016/17 where only 42% indicated that the CPF provides regular feedback.26 About 63% indicated that they reported their concerns regarding crime to the CPF with 58% reporting their concerns about the police. Most of the respondents (63%) agreed that the CPF have established strong partnerships in their area. This figure is slightly higher than that of the Cluster PNP 2016/17 as 58% of the respondents agreed that the CPF have established strong partnerships in their area.27

26 Department of Community Safety. (2016). ‘Policing Needs and Priorities (PNP) 2016/17 Report for the Nyanga Police Cluster’, Western Cape Government, p. 20 27 Department of Community Safety. (2016). ‘Policing Needs and Priorities (PNP) 2016/17 Report for the Nyanga Police Cluster’, Western Cape Government, p. 20 19

Figure 13: Neighbourhood Watch as a monitoring mechanism (n=22)

Our Neighbourhood Watch helps us access important safety information, from different 19% 24% 43% 10% 5% sources.

Strongly Disagree Disagree Our Neighbourhood Watch helps us keep track of 16% 16% 42% 21% our different safety issues. 5% Agree Strongly Agree N/A Our Neighbourhood Watch helps us monitor our 11% 26% 32% 21% 11% municipality’s role, in our safety.

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

Most of the respondents (53%) agreed that their Neighbourhood Watch helped them to access important safety information from different sources, 63% thought that it helped them to keep track of various safety issues and 53% agreed that it assisted in monitoring the municipality’s role in their areas. This figure is lower than that of the previous year when 69% agreed that it assisted in monitoring the municipality’s role in their areas.28 DoCS reported that so far two NHWs - Vanguard and Welcome Estate NHW – have been accredited in terms of the Community Safety Act.

10. THE 2017 SAFETY PLAN

The Safety Plan is intended as a guide for implementation. It aims to highlight the priority areas of intervention required so that the CPF can make detailed plans for implementation. The plan is divided into three parts (Professional Policing, Public Spaces and Partnerships) in terms of the overarching framework of the CSIP. DoCS and the CoCT will support and monitor the implementation of the safety plan, at all times seeking to increase community involvement in safety.

DoCS funding (including matching grants) is available to CPFs through its Expanded Partnership Programme (EPP), once CPFs have complied with certain minimum standards, as laid out in the Western Cape Community Safety Act. DoCS also will enter into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local municipalities to enable implementation of the CSIP programme on a local level. The monthly reporting mechanisms provided for in the CPF EPP framework are intended to be a mechanism for monitoring the implementation of the plan. The details of the 2017 Safety Plan are contained in Annexure 1.

11. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This PNP engagement brought together local level stakeholders in order to identify policing needs and priorities. It did so via a process that involved presentations, discussions (both in plenary and non-plenary sessions) and questionnaires. As such the workshop was a methodology for both consultation as well as research.

The PNP succeeded in bringing those stakeholders (and others) who are engaged in safety into one room to discuss policing on a local level. This represents the start of a fundamentally important process, namely consultation with local communities about their policing needs and priorities, their perceptions of safety

28 Department of Community Safety. (2016). ‘Policing Needs and Priorities (PNP) 2016/17 Report for the Nyanga Police Cluster’, Western Cape Government, p. 21 20 and concrete suggestions about how to improve local safety problems. In and of itself this is an achievement and a positive development. However, there is also a need to engage in-depth discussions to build and further develop the Safety Plan. A further workshop was planned and held on 8th November 2017 for this purpose and it is hoped that this will be the beginning of a structured engagement with all the stakeholders.

12. ANNEXURE 1: 2017 SAFETY PLAN

COMMUNITY SAFETY PLAN MANENBERG

SAFETY IN PUBLIC SPACES

Safety Concern 1: Lights not working across the whole of Manenberg due to cable theft and replacing bright lights with dim energy saving bulbs. This reduces visibility.

Objective: To improve street lighting in Manenberg to increase visibility in public spaces in order to reduce crime and improve the safety of the community

Activity Outcome Indicator Start date: End date Responsible Accountability M&E

Put more bright lights in the Improved street lighting Number of street lights 01-04-2018 31-03-2019 CoCT SAPS, CFP and police sectors in the evening erected DoCS

Closed down all illegal scrap Decrease in cable theft Percentage decrease 01-04-2018 31-03-2019 SAPS, Metro SAPS, CFP and yards in cable theft Police and City DoCS Law Enforcement CoCT to improve turnaround Quicker response to Improved level of 01-04-2018 31-03-2019 CoCT Ward councillors time to service delivery service delivery satisfaction with and sub council complaints complaints service delivery from managers the CoCT. Community structures to Crime free community Percentage decrease 01-04-2018 31-03-2019 CPF, NHW and CPF and NHW advocate for change of mind- in cable theft all community set and discourage people from structures stealing cables NHW to escort CoCT Safer community Decrease in robbery 01-04-2018 31-03-2019 NHW, CPF and NHW, CPF and Maintenance Teams when they and attacks of CoCT Metro Police Metro Police come to fix the broken lights. Maintenance Teams Safety Concern 2: There are CCTV cameras in some of the areas of Manenberg but they are not being managed or operated as it was intended. Crimes are occurring in the area, but it is hard to find the perpetrators. There’s a need to increase the working CCTV cameras in the areas. The NHW are willing to monitor the cameras.

Objective: To have functioning CCTV cameras that will monitor public spaces in order to provide information about crime incidents which can also be

22 used as evidence in a court of law. Activity Outcome Indicator Start date: End date Responsible Accountability M&E

Conduct an assessment of the Crime free Manenberg Percentage decrease 01-04-2018 31-03-2019 Metro Police CoCT, DoCS, CPF effectiveness and efficiency of in crime and Law and SAPS the CCTV cameras in reducing Enforcement crime

Equip NHW with the necessary Improved effectiveness Number of crime 01-04-2018 31-03-2019 SAPS, Metro SAPS, Metro skills to monitor and respond to and efficiency of the incidents detected as Police, NHW Police, NHW and CCTV cameras CCTV cameras a result of CCTV and CPF CPF cameras Accreditation of NHW Accredited NHW Number of NHW On going On going CPF, NHW and CPF, NHW and accredited DoCS DoCS Safety Concern 3: Selling of drugs to youngsters in public spaces e.g. parks, schools, etc.

Objective: To prevent the selling of drugs and illegal substances to youngsters in order to divert them from a life of crime and gangsterism

Activity Outcome Indicator Start date: End date Responsible Accountab-ility M&E Speed up the process of dealing Evict drug dealers in Number of drug 01-04-2018 31-03-2019 SAPS, Depart of SAPS and CoCT with drug dealers who are City properties dealers evicted in Justice, NPA staying in City properties City properties and CoCT Amend the legislation to allow Evict drug dealers in Number of drug 01-04-2018 31-03-2019 SAPS, Depart of SAPS and CoCT the CoCT to evict drug dealers City properties dealers evicted in Justice, NPA, in its properties City properties Human Settlement and CoCT Remove graffiti and littering of Graffiti free public Decrease of graffiti in 01-04-2018 31-03-2019 CPF, NHW, CPF and CoCT all public spaces spaces all public spaces CoCT, Metro Police and Law Enforcement

Start programmes that deals Communities that are Decrease of drug 01-04-2018 31-03-2021 DSD and CoCT DSD, CoCT and with parenting and strengthen resistant to crime and related crime in public CPF families drugs spaces Involve religious leaders in Safer communities that Safer communities 01-04-2018 31-03-2021 DoCS, DSD, CPF DoCS and CPF community development are resistant to crime and CoCT and drugs

House shops’ trading licenses to Drug free community Decrease in the 01-04-2018 31-03-2019 CoCT, Metro CoCT, Metro be vetted properly in order for it number of drug Police and Police, DEDaT not to be used as a front for houses Department of and SAPS drug lords Economic Development and Tourism (DEDaT) Safety Concern 4: Withdrawal of school safety marshals from Manenberg schools since 1 April 2017. This contributed to the increase in school violence and crime in general.

Objective: To ensure the safety of learners and educators at schools and a learning environment free from crime and violence by bringing back the DOCS School Safety Marshals onto Manenberg schools. Activity Outcome Indicator Start date: End date Responsible Account-ability M&E

Consider the deployment of Safer schools Number of NHW 01-04-2018 31-03-2019 DoCS, CoCT, WCED, CPF and accredited NHW at all schools deployed at schools WCED, CPF and NHW (or high risk schools) or bring NHW back Bambanani volunteers

Do access control at schools. Safer schools Decrease in crime 01-04-2018 31-03-2019 SAPS, NHW and WCED, SAPS and SAPS to assist with sniffer dogs incidents at schools CPF CPF

Get community organisations Good parenting skills Number of parents 01-04-2018 31-03-2019 DSD and CPF DSD and CPF involved in the area to assist by who went through the strengthening parenting skills parenting skills programme

PARTNERSHIPS

Safety Concern 5: NHW Objective: To ensure NHWs are sustainable