Volume 1 Hardware Manual Version 1.5

Copyright 2002 egnite Software GmbH. All rights reserved. egnite makes no warranty for the use of its products and assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this document nor does it make a commitment to update the information contained herein. egnite products are not intended for use in medical, life saving or life sustaining applications. egnite retains the right to make changes to these specifications at any time, without notice.

All product names referenced herein are trademarks of their respective companies.

Ethernut is a registered trademark of egnite Software GmbH. Contents

1 About the Ethernut Board 1-1 Ethernut Features 1-1 2 Quick Start 2-1 Prerequisites for Operation 2-1 Board Installation 2-1 3 Testing the Board 3-1 Ethernet Controller Read/Write Loop 3-1 Find Ethernet Controller Loop 3-1 Ethernet Controller Hardware Reset Loop 3-1 SRAM Read/Write Loop 3-2 Send Broadcasts Loop 3-2 Exit BaseMon 3-2 4 Network Configuration 4-1 DHCP/BOOTP Method 4-1 ARP Method 4-1 Reset to Factory Default 4-2 Manual Configuration 4-2 Testing Network Operation 4-2 5 Functional Description 5-1 Power Supply 5-1 Expansion Port 5-1 Serial Port 5-2 Ethernet Port 5-3 In-System Programming Port 5-3 LED Indicators 5-4 System Reset 5-4 Watchdog Timer 5-4 System Clock 5-4 Flash ROM 5-5 Static RAM 5-5 EEPROM 5-5 6 Troubleshooting 6-1 7 Part List 7-1 8 Schematics 8-1 9 Board Layout 9-1

1 About the Ethernut Board

Low-cost Ethernet capability can be added to many embedded applications.

Ethernut is a small (80 x 100 mm) board combining Atmel's ATmega 128 RISC microcontroller with Realtek's 8019AS Ethernet controller. The board is well suited for application development in a wide range of applications. Some areas are: l Networked sensors l Remote monitoring equipment l Alarm service providing l Remote diagnose and service l Industrial Ethernet applications l Home and building control

Ethernut Features

The Ethernut board provides the following features: l ATmega 128 RISC microcontroller with up to 16 MIPS throughput l Full duplex IEEE 802.3 compliant Ethernet controller with on-board RJ- 45 connector l RS-232 serial port with on-board DB-9 connector l 128 Kbyte in-system programmable flash ROM l 4 Kbyte in-system programmable EEPROM l 32 Kbyte SRAM l 22 programmable digital I/O lines l 8-channel, 10-bit analog/digital converter l Two 8-bit and one 16-bit timer/counter l Watchdog timer and reset controller for enhanced reliability l LED indicators for power supply, programming mode and Ethernet activity l Single power supply DC 9-15V

1-1

2 Quick Start

This chapter will help you quickly set up and start using the Ethernut board.

Prerequisites for Operation

The following hardware items are necessary to run the Ethernut board: n A standard PC equipped with Linux or Windows 95/98/NT/2000, an available serial COM port and a twisted pair Ethernet adapter card. n Terminal emulation software, such as Hyperterminal. n An unregulated power supply matching your local mains. It should supply DC 9-15V, 100 mA minimum, on a standard 2.1 mm barrel connector. n Two straight-through twisted pair cables together with 10 Base-T hub or switch or a twisted pair cross cable, if you don't got a hub or switch. The following items are included in the Ethernut Development Kit: n An STK-300 compatible programming adapter. n A straight through serial communication cable with a DB-9 female on one end and a DB-9 male connector on the other. The available serial COM port on the PC might require a DB-25 connector, in which case a DB-9 to DB-25 serial connector adapter is additionally needed.

Board Installation

WARNING: As with all computer equipment, the Ethernut board may be severely damaged by electrostatic discharge (ESD). Be sure to take proper precautions before removing the Ethernut board from the anti-static bag. ~ 1 Remove the board from the shipping carton. Visually inspect the board to verify that it was not damaged during shipment. 2 Connect Ethernut`s DB-9 RS232 port to an available COM port using the serial cable. Make sure, that jumper JP1 has been properly set. Jumper JP2 configures the RTS/CTS lines, but this feature is not used by the BaseMon program.

There are two jumpers on the Ethernut board near the DB-9 connector. If Jumper Settings you place the board in front of you with the LEDs on the lower left and the jumpers on the upper right corner, JP1 is the left one and JP2 the one nearer to the DB-9 connector on the right.

2-1 2 Quick Start

JP1 is used to switch the serial port from DCE to DTE. Using a straight through serial cable between the Ethernut board and a PC requires DCE setting, in which case the two upper pins of JP1 should be shortened by one jumper and the two lower pins by another (holding the board as specified above). JP2 needs not to be equipped with any jumper.

3 Use one twisted pair cable to connect Ethernut's RJ-45 connector to the hub or switch and the other twisted pair cable to connect the hub or switch with the network adapter in the PC. If you are not using a hub or switch, then directly connect the Ethernut board with the network adapter using a twisted pair cross cable. WARNING: The power supply must not be plugged into an electrical outlet ~ before connecting it to the Ethernut board. 4 Connect the power supply to the barrel connector on the Ethernut board. 5 Apply power to the Ethernut board by connecting the power supply to an electrical outlet. When the board is powered up, the red power LED (LED1) and the green Ethernet activity LED (LED4) should go on. Power Supply The Ethernut board is equipped with its own rectifier bridge and voltage regulator. Therefore the polarity of the barrel connector isn't important. 6 Start the terminal emulation program at 4800 baud or any higher rate up to 115200 baud, no parity, 8 data bits, and 1 stop bit. Disable hardware (RTS/CTS) and software (XON/XOFF) flow control. 7 Reset the Ethernut board by depressing and releasing the reset switch located near the LEDs. Hold down the spacebar on the terminal emulation program and wait until the BaseMon welcome message is displayed. Baudrate The baudrate of the Ethernut board is specified by the CPU crystal (Q1, 14.7456 MHz by default) and a baudrate selector ranging from 0 to 255. The actual baudrate can be calculated by baudrate = crystal frequency / (16 * (selector + 1)) Running at 14.7456 MHz, a selector value of 23 gives a baudrate of 38400 Baud: 38400 = 14745600 / (16 * (1 + 1)) The BaseMon program provides a simple automatic baudrate selection by changing the selector from zero to 71, while trying to receive a space character. If no space character could be received within about 2 minutes, then the default selector 23 is set (38400 Baud at 14.7456 MHz). See the next chapter for a detailed description of the BaseMon program.

2-2 3 Testing the Board

3 Testing the Board

Using the preloaded BaseMon firmware to test the Ethernut hardware.

When using a terminal emulation program like described in the previous chapter, hold down the spacebar on the PC keyboard after pressing the reset button on the Ethernut board. After some seconds the following output should appear in the terminal emulation window: Ethernut BaseMon Version 2.4.5 Baudrate select = 23 External SRAM Test...OK NIC hardware reset...OK NIC id detection... OK I/O Port Test... OK Press any of the following keys: B - Send broadcasts E - Ethernet controller read/write F - Find Ethernet controller R - Ethernet controller hardware reset (Ethernut 1.0/1.1) S - SRAM read/write X - Exit BaseMon, configure network and start WebServer The baudrate selector may differ, depending on the CPU crystal (Q1) on the Ethernut board and the baudrate used with the terminal emulation program. If any of the above tests fails, you may try one of the keys shown in the BaseMon menu to enter a specific test loop. If after a few minutes the Ethernut board doesn't receive a space character, it will skip the BaseMon program and initialize the Nut/OS operating system as well as the Nut/Net TCP/IP stack and finally enter a sample HTTP daemon application.

Ethernet Controller Read/Write Loop

When pressing E on the BaseMon menu, the Ethernut board will enter an endless loop, trying to read the id of the Ethernet controller at base address 8300 hex: id=0x5070 The loop keeps running until a key is pressed in the terminal emulation program and may be used to check the board's address and data bus signals with an oscilloscope or logic analyzer.

Find Ethernet Controller Loop

When pressing F on the BaseMon menu, the program tries to locate an Ethernet controller in the address range from 8000 hex to FFE0 hex. After 3-1 3 Testing the Board

performing a software reset on the controller, its internal ID is checked. If a valid ID of 5070 hex can be found, the following line is displayed:

NIC 8300 reset...OK id=0x5070 OK The loop keeps running until a key is pressed in the terminal emulation program.

Ethernet Controller Hardware Reset Loop

This option is for Ethernut Board prior to version 1.3 only. When pressing R on the BaseMon menu, the Ethernut board toggles bit 4 on port E in an endless loop. This port bit is tied via an inverter gate to the Ethernet controller's hardware reset line. The interval is about one second on a 3.6864 MHz CPU clock. The green LED (LED4) should flash in the same interval.

SRAM Read/Write Loop

When pressing S on the BaseMon menu, the Ethernut board enters an endless loop, doing a walking bit test on all address and data bus lines. The loop keeps running until a key is pressed in the terminal emulation program and may be used to check the board's address and data bus signals with an oscilloscope or logic analyzer.

Send Broadcasts Loop

When pressing B on the BaseMon menu, the Ethernut board will initialize the Ethernet Controller and start sending Ethernet broadcasts in an endless loop. The yellow link LED will lit and the green activity LED will start flashing. The terminal emulation window will show the progress: SW-Reset...OK RTL8019AS jumper mode: IRQ0 Auto The loop keeps running until a key is pressed in the terminal emulation program and may be used to check the board's Ethernet output with an oscilloscope.

Exit BaseMon

Pressing X on the BaseMon menu will quit the BaseMon program, initialize the Nut/OS operating system and Nut/Net TCP/IP stack and finally enter a sample HTTP daemon application. However, before that is done, BaseMon queries a MAC address, IP address, network mask and default route: 3-2 3 Testing the Board

MAC address (000698000000): IP address (0.0.0.0): Net mask (255.255.255.0): Default route (0.0.0.0): The last six digits of the MAC address are written on the board. Enter these six digits on the MAC address prompt. On all prompts, you may simply press enter to confirm the default shown in brackets, or enter other values in their decimal dotted form. If the IP address is 0.0.0.0, Ethernut will not query the network mask and default route, but request these values from a DHCP server. This requires of course, that a DCHP server is running in your local network. Network configuration is discussed in more detail in the next chapter.

3-3

4 Network Configuration

This chapter shows different methods to configure Ethernut`s network parameters.

In order to communicate over a TCP/IP network, the Ethernut board needs a unique IP address. It is important, that this address is not used by any other node on the network.

DHCP/BOOTP Method

The Ethernut board ships with a blank EEPROM. If a DHCP server exists on the network, the Ethernut board will automatically request its IP address, the IP address of the standard gateway, and the IP address mask of the local network. If no DHCP server could be located, the Ethernut board switches to the ARP method.

ARP Method

If the Ethernut's EEPROM contains no configuration data and no DHCP server is available on the network, then the ARP method can be used to set the board's IP address. In this mode the Ethernut board set its address from the first ICMP packet it receives. To set the Ethernut's IP address by the ARP method, an ARP entry can be manually created on the PC and then a ping packet is sent from the PC to the Ethernut board. Enter the following command to manually create an ARP entry for an Ethernut board with a MAC address of 00:06:98:00:00:00 and an IP address of 192.168.171.5 on a LINUX command line shell: arp -s 192.168.171.5 00:06:98:00:00:00 On a Windows DOS prompt this command is slightly different: arp -s 192.168.171.5 00-06-98-00-00-00 The next command to enter is the same on both systems: ping 192.168.171.5 The first ping packet that arrives at the Ethernut board with the MAC address of 00:06:98:00:00:00 sets the IP address of that board to 192.168.171.5. Note, that the ARP method will not configure a default gateway and will fix the network mask to 255.255.255.0.

4-1 4 Network Configuration

MAC address A MAC address, also referred to as the hardware or Ethernet address is a unique 48 bit number assigned to every Ethernet node. The upper 24 bits are the manufacturer's ID, assigned by the IEEE Standards Office. The ID of Ethernut boards manufactured by egnite Software GmbH is 000698 hexadecimal. The lower 24 bits are the board's unique ID assigned by the manufacturer of the board. Boards produced by egnite do have a unique ID, which is written on the board.

Reset to Factory Default

The ARP method will be used on blank EEPROMs only. After having set it once, the configuration will be stored in the EEPROM and used in the next system start. To enable the ARP method again, you must use your ISP Software to clear the EEPROM contents. Refer to the Ethernut Software Manual for further information about ISP Software.

Manual Configuration

The preloaded BaseMon firmware may be used to manually configure the boards IP address and network mask.

Testing Network Operation

You can now check, that the Ethernut board is properly hooked up to the network by running ping from your PC. On a DOS prompt or command line shell, type: ping 192.168.171.5 Instead of the above IP address use the one you configured previously. If you receive a response without timing out, the Ethernut board is ready to try the HTTP daemon. Use any Webbrowser to query the following URL:

http://192.168.171.5/index.html Again, instead of the above IP address use the one previously configured.

4-2 5 Functional Description

5 Functional Description

This chapter explains the main functions of the Ethernut board.

Power Supply

The complete logic of the Ethernut board is driven by a single 5V power supply. Because the board provides its own on-board rectifier bridge (B1) and voltage regulator (IC8), it only requires an unregulated power supply of DC 9-15V with a minimum current of 100 mA. Three different methods may be used to connect an external power supply. 1 A standard 2.1 mm barrel connector. 2 An optional screw terminal, which is not mounted in the standard version. 3 Using pins 4, 5 and pins 7, 8 of the Ethernet connector. In this case pins 1 and 3 and pins 2 and 4 of jumper JP3 must be shortened. The unregulated power supply as well as a regulated 5V supply is available at the expansion port connector. If additional components draw more than 150 mA from the regulated 5V power supply, a heat sink will be required on the on-board regulator.

Expansion Port

External devices can be added to the expansion port. These devices may be simple I/O circuits driven by the Ethernut board, or may be equipped with their own processor, using the Ethernut board as an Ethernet I/O processor only. The expansion port contains CPU data and address bus, memory read/write signals, digital I/O ports, reset signal and power supply.

5-1 5 Functional Description

Pins Signal Function

NC NC NC NC 1...4 NC Not connected. GND GND GND GND 5...8 GND Signal ground. RESET DC VCC VCC 9 RESET Low active reset signal. This open collector input must be RD WR held low for at least 50 ns to reset the system. Automatically D0 D1 D2 D3 pulled low for 150 ms, if supply voltage drops below 4.5 D4 D5 Volts. D6 D7 A0 A1 10 DC Unregulated supply voltage, depends on the board`s A2 A3 supply. A4 A5 A6 A7 11...12 VCC +5 Volts regulated supply, app. 400 mA. A8 A9 A10 A11 13 RD Low active read strobe. A12 A13 A14 A15 PE0 PE1 14 WR Low active write strobe. PE2 PE3 PE4 PE5 15...22 D[0...7] 8-bit data bus. PE6 PE7 PB0 PB1 23...38 A[0...15] 16-bit address bus. PB2 PB3 PB4 PB5 39...46 PE[0...7] 8-bit bi-directional digital I/O Port E. PB6 PB7 PD0 PD1 47...54 PB[0...7] 8-bit bi-directional digital I/O Port B. PD2 PD3 PD4 PD5 55...62 PD[0...7] 8-bit bi-directional digital I/O Port D. PD6 PD7 NC NC 63...64 NC Not connected.

Serial Port

Ethernut provides an on-board DB-9 connector for its RS-232 serial communication port. This port is connected to the ATmega 128 first on- chip UART via a single-chip RS-232 driver/receiver interface circuit (IC6), which converts the required voltage levels from the 5V power supply. Two jumpers are provided to switch the DB-9 connector between DCE and DTE mode and two solder jumpers must be shortened to enable hardware handshake.

Pins Signal Function

2 TXD Transmit data, if jumper JP1 pin 2 and 4 shortend. 3 RXD Receive data, if jumper JP1 pin 1 and 3 shortend. 4 DSR Data set ready, not connected. 5 GND Signal ground. 6 DTR Data terminal ready, not connected. 7 CTS Clear to send. Used for hardware handshake, if jumper JP2 pin 2 and 4 and solder jumper JP6 shortened. 8 RTS Ready to send. Used for hardware handshake, if jumper JP2 pin 1 and 3 and solder jumper JP7 shortened.

5-2 5 Functional Description

Ethernet Port

Ethernut provides an on-board modular RJ-45 connector for its twisted pair Ethernet port. This port is connected to the Realtek 8019AS Ethernet controller via a 10Base-T transformer/filter. The interface supports the maximum cable length of 100 meters between the Ethernet board and a hub.

Pins Signal Function

1 + 2 TX Differential transmit output pair. 3 + 6 RX Differential receive input pair. 4 + 5 Power Power supply. 7 + 8 GND Power supply.

In-System Programming Port

WARNING: Do not plug in or remove the programming adapter while power is supplied to the Ethernut board. You may damage the Ethernut board or ~ the parallel port on the PC.

This port allows serial (re-)programming of the ATmega 128 non-volatile Flash ROM and EEPROM without physical removal of the microcontroller from the system. A multiplexer (IC7) switches the microcontroller pins during programming, which are used by the serial port during normal operation. An on-board LED (LED2) indicates programming activity.

Pins Signal Function

1 MOSI Slave serial data input. GND MISO GND SCK 2 VCC Regulated +5 Volts programming cable supply. GND RST GND PROG 3 PROG Programming mode, must be held low during programming. VCC MOSI 5 RST Reset signal, must be held low during programming. 7 SCK Slave input for serial clock. 9 MISO Slave serial data output. 4, 6, 8, GND Signal ground. 10

5-3 5 Functional Description

LED Indicators

The Ethernut board is equipped with four LEDs. One red LED (LED1) is directly connected to the power supply. It is lit when power is applied to the board. A second red LED (LED2) is lit during in-system programming. A yellow and a green LED (LED3 and LED4 resp.) are used to indicate activity on the Ethernet port. The yellow LED indicates the 10BASE-T link status and should be lit, if the link status is OK. The green LED indicates receive and transmit activity from and to the network.

System Reset

System reset is controlled by a push button and a voltage supply supervisor (IC9). This device protects the EEPROM from corruption by generating a reset signal, when power supply from the on-board regulator (IC8) falls below 4.75 volts.

Watchdog Timer

Software bugs, temporary hardware failures caused by electrical transients or interference and many other problems might cause the system to malfunction. The ATmega 128 microcontroller (IC1) provides an on-chip watchdog timer, which forces a system reset, if the application program fails to periodically update this timer.

System Clock

WARNING: Note, that changing any crystal will alter the Ethernut board's ~ EMC characteristics and require re-testing. The ATmega 128 microcontroller clock is generated by a 14.7456 MHz crystal (Q1), which may be replaced by a crystal of up to 16 MHz. An additional 32.768 kHz crystal (Q2) drives an on-chip asynchronous timer, which is typically used for a software realtime clock. The Ethernet controller is driven by a seperate 20-MHz crystal (Q3).

5-4 5 Functional Description

Flash ROM

The ATmega 128 provides 128 kBytes of on-chip, non-volatile flash memory space, which is used for program code and read-only data storage. This memory is organized as 64K x 16 bits and can be (re-)programmed through in-system programming.

Static RAM

The Ethernut board provides 32 kByte SRAM (IC4), which is used as read/write data storage. However, the lower 4 kBytes are overlayed by the ATmega 128 internal register and SRAM space. The required address latch is provided by a 74HC573 (IC3).

EEPROM

The ATmega 128 provides 4 kBytes of on-chip, non-volatile, electrically erasable memory, typically used for configuration data storage. This memory provides read/write access under program control as well as through in- system programming.

Note, that EEPROM write access is much slower (about 2.5 ms) than writing to SRAM.

5-5

6 Troubleshooting

This chapter will help you in case of problems.

Problem Solution

The red power LED is not on. Connect the DC power cable. Check that the power supply is of DC type 9-15V min. 100 mA.

Nothing happens when Sometimes it is difficult to make a good pushing the RESET button. connection when pushing the small RESET button. Try removing the power supply from the electrical outlet and disconnecting and reconnecting the power supply. The PC does not show the Check the COM port connection with BaseMon software prompt. the Ethernut board. Make sure that the same COM port is selected in the terminal emulation software. Verify the power, check the cables, etc. Try using a different baudrate and make sure, that the terminal emulation repeatingly transmits space characters while the spacebar is held down. If not sure, try another program. Make sure, that any flow control is switched off and jumper JP1 is properly set. The terminal emulation Check the word length, number of stop software displays unreadable bits and parity setting of the terminal characters. emulation software. It should be set to 8 data bits, no parity and 1 stop bit. The AVR device cannot be Check that the notch on the Ethernut programmed. socket matches the notch on the programming device. The memory lock bits may be cleared. Completely erase the memory before programming. AVRISP does not detect the Disable the signature check in the advanced ATmega device. option menu of the AVRISP. There is a problem you cannot Contact your dealer for assistance. resolve. 6-1

7 Part List

Number Part

SUPPLY 2.1 mm barrel connector ANALOG 2 x 10 pinhead connector B1 DIL rectifier bridge C1-C2, C11-C18, C21 100 nF capacitor 0805 C3-C4 33 pF capacitor 0805 C5-C6 10 nF capacitor 0805 C7-C8 10 nF ceramic capacitor 1kV C9-C10 22 pF capacitor 0805 C19-C20 22 uF electrolyt capacitor 25V ETHERNET RJ-45 shielded EXPANSION 2 x 28 pinhead connector IC1 ATmega 128 microcontroller TQFP64 IC2 RTL8019AS Ethernet controller QFP100 IC3 74HC573 address latch SO20 IC4 62256 32k x 8, 70 ns SRAM SO28 IC5 74HC04 inverter SO14 IC6 MAX202ECSE RS232 driver SO16 IC7 74HC4053 multiplexer SO16 IC8 7805CV linear voltage regulator TO220H IC9 DS1811-R-10 reset controller SOT23 ISP 2 x 5 pinhead connector JP1-JP2 Jumper LED1-LED2 3 mm low power LED red LED3 3 mm low power LED yellow LED4 3 mm low power LED green Q1 14.7456 MHz crystal HC18U Q2 32.768 kHz crystal TC26 Q3 20 MHz crystal HC18U R1-R4 1 kOhm resistor 0805 R5, R7-R8, R12 4.7 kOhm resistor 0805 R6 200 Ohm resistor, 0.25W R9-R10 270 Ohm resistor 0805 R11 27 kOhm resistor 0805 RESET Omron B3F-10 key 7-1 7 Part List

RS232 DSub-9 female connector TR1 FB2022 Ethernet transformer/filter

7-2 8 Schematics

8 Schematics

8-1 8 Schematics

8-2 8 Schematics

8-3 8 Schematics

8-4 9 Bord Layout

9 Bord Layout

9-1

egnite Software GmbH Fon +49 (0)23 23-92 53 75 Westring 303 Fax +49 (0)23 23-92 53 74 D-44629 Herne Germany eMail: [email protected] http://www.egnite.de http://www.ethernut.de