TE REO

Vol. 10 Issue #2 MAY/MEI 2003

Special Interest Group No.76 of the New Zealand Society of Genealogists Inc.

Official Publication of the Maori Interest Group www.rcyachts.net/maori N E W S L T R NZSG MAORI INTEREST GROUP TE REO Volume 10. Issue 2 MAY/MEI 2003 NZSG MIG CONTACT INFORMATION 2001-2003 ALL CORRESPONDENCE IS TO BE ADDRESSED TO THE MIG SECRETARY

CONVENOR: Mrs. Colleen PETRICEVICH 18a Dominion Street Takapuna North Shore City Auckland, AKD 1309. NEW ZEALAND. E-mail: [email protected]

SECRETARY: Mrs. Brenda JOYCE 17 Peterhouse Street Tawa Wellington, WTN 6006. NEW ZEALAND. E-mail: [email protected]

TREASURER: Mrs. Brenda JOYCE [See address details above]

JOINT Mrs. Harete PHILLIPS NEWSLETTER 28 Taheke Road, RD 4 EDITORS: Okere Falls, Rotorua, BOP 3221. NEW ZEALAND.

Mr. Bruce MATHERS P.O. Box 867 Park Ridge Brisbane, QLD 4125. AUSTRALIA. E-mail: [email protected]

RESEARCH Mrs. Heather WEBBER OFFICER PO Box 8795 Symonds Street Auckland, AKD 1035. NEW ZEALAND. E-mail: [email protected]

WEBMASTER: Mr. Bruce MATHERS [See address details above]

ARCHIVIST: TBA

When corresponding with officers of the MIG always quote your NZSG Membership Number and include a LARGE Stamped Self-Addressed Envelope [SSAE] with your letter if a reply is anticipated. TE REO PAGE 3

Material in TE REO may not always reflect the views of the NZSG, MIG, their Editors and/or Office Bearers.

IN THIS ISSUE

Important Notices—Please Read! 4

Editorial 6

When The Time Is Right—Heather WEBBER 7

A Tale of Five Campaigns : Part THREE—Peter ALLEN 10

Web Sites—English - Maori Word Translator 11

18th Century Maori Disposition Map—Jim BAKER 12

Maori Electronic Information—Harete PHILIPS 16

Whakapapa Research Interests 18

Marae Directory Continued... 18

Whakapapa Submission Form—Centre Pullout -

Please have all material for the next newsletter [August/Akuhata 2003] to the MIG Secretary before the 25th July 2003

PAGE 4 TE REO

IMPORTANT NOTICES PLEASE READ!

CONVENOR’S CORNER can learn more about where to go next. See you there!

Kia Ora members The Annual General Meeting will be held at Conference and we need you to attend to show your support for I hope you are all coming to Confer- what we are trying to do. Your input is always welcome, ence as we have a great line-up to so, if you are not able to attend, please forward anything help with your research. Auckland of interest to Brenda. I would like to publicly thank City Library's Family Heritage Cen- Brenda, for being such an excellent Secretary, Bruce & tre and Auckland Museum Library will be represented Harete for the awesome newsletter they have been and both these repositories have a lot of Maori re- publishing, and all you members as well, without whom sources. Our Maori Interest group will be there, as well we would have no Maori Interest Group. Thank you all. as most of the other Interest Groups of the Society. The speakers, 32 of them, have a great range of topics, and, Colleen PETRICEVICH as most of us are pursuing several lines at once, you Convenor May 2003

MIG ARCHIVIST

A position has been created for a Maori Interest Group Archivist.

 If any member is interested in standing as the inaugural MIG Archi- vist, can you please advise Brenda of your intentions immediately— Nominations will also be called from the floor at the MIG AGM.

Once the Archives have been brought up-to-date there will not be too much work involved— liaise with the Secretary/Treasurer, the newsletter Editor and also both past and present MIG members to obtain copies of any material of historical interest to our group. The idea is to create and house a specific record of events, people and dates of importance directly related to the MIG. We have already secured copies of all of the MIG newsletters to-date and both Brenda and Colleen also have some photos from past MIG events to donate.

 If any members have any material of historic value relating to the MIG can you please send copies to Brenda. Copies of photos from any MIG event are particularly sought after.  Can all past MIG Office Bearers also provide us with a photograph of themselves, including details of the positions held and term of office. BM

New Generic E-mail Addresses For All Services, Branches And Special Interest Groups

We now have generic E-mail addresses for all NZSG officers. The advantage of this is that when officers change, members' messages will always reach the right person. Therefore the new MIG E- mail address is as follows - any messages sent there will automatically be re-directed to me. BJ

[email protected]

All members are asked to now use this new E-mail address to contact Brenda. TE REO PAGE 5 PAGE 6 TE REO EDITORIAL for the Translation of Maori-English Words (page 11), A FEW WORDS FROM the site includes a particularly interesting feature of allowing the user to actually hear the word being pro- BRUCE: nounced as an audio file—I understand that this site Kia Ora, may have been mentioned in the NZ media elsewhere so for those members who are unaware of the site I This issue of Te Reo is a little earlier than usual due to hope you will find it an interesting addition to your book- both the NZSG and MIG AGM’s next month and Brenda marks. has a lot to deal with in her dual roles as secretary. Jim BAKER of Gisborne has kindly sent research infor- MIG Nomination & Voting Forms were included in the mation in to Brenda previously (Te Reo Pepuere p7) previous newsletter, please have your completed forms which also included a Map showing the disposition of to Brenda no later than Monday 26th May 2003. It has Maori Tribes at the end of the 18th Century—I have also been decided to establish a MIG Archives, the idea included this map in the centre of this issue of the news- being to ensure specific dates, events and individuals letter, unfortunately some quality has been lost during are purposely recorded before this information is lost. If copying due to the low resolution of the original map any member is interested in becoming the MIG Archi- which is regretted—I hope you still find the map useful. vist, can you please let Brenda know before the AGM on the 2nd June—Also if any members have items they Finally, for those attending the NZSG Conference, we think would be appropriate for the Archives, can you hope you have an enjoyable and productive few days also contact Brenda. away next month and the MIG Executive also look forward to meeting you all at the MIG AGM—the most As reported in the last issue, our Convenor is standing important aspect of which is to elect a new Convenor as down at the AGM, so we hope other members have well as the other MIG Executive positions and to also been giving the situation some serious thought about ratify the new position of the MIG Archivist. standing for this position. Good luck with your research. MIG Research Officer Heather WEBBER has kindly Haere ra allowed us to reproduce her paper as presented at the 1994 Conference (see page 7), which raises valid points even for today’s researcher. Following on with this theme of sensitivity in researching our Whakapapa, Harete has also supplied a Fact Sheet on Maori Elec- Bruce MATHERS. tronic Information Issues which I have transcribed on May 2003 page 16. I have also been sent an interesting website

Te Reo is proudly supported by RC YACHTS Brisbane Australia www.rcyachts.net

When contacting officers of the MAORI INTEREST GROUP Always QUOTE YOUR NZSG MEMBERSHIP NUMBER MIG AGM 2nd June 2003

Where possible, please supply all source and/or reference details with any material submitted for inclusion in Te Reo for the benefit of our members. TE REO PAGE 7 When The Time Is Right! This knowledge of ancestors was handed down from Researching Maori generation to generation by word of mouth so it would endure, however, with the coming of the Pakeha and the Whakapapa dispersment of Maori from their iwi area, many caretak- Using Traditional Methods ers of whakapapa wrote it down in a book to make it more readily accessible to succeeding generations (Buck 1966 p 408). Interference with this transmission of knowledge usually resulted in punishment – mutilation, banishment, public humiliation, sickness and death (Buck 1966 p 408, Manatu Maori, 1991).

Whakapapa was also used to establish rights of inheri-

tance, “with primogeniture in the male line as the decid-

ing factor in succession to chiefly rank, with many iwi A paper pre- sented by whakapapa recording descent from the leaders of the Heather WEBBER at the NZSG Conference— crews of the waka that first arrived in New Zealand.” Hamilton 1994 (Buck ibid p 343 & Smith 1986 p 4). Reprinted with kind permission from Heather

In the past there have been many useful books published Traditionally Maori whanaungatanga (kinship ties) were concerning iwi (tribal) histories, (Mitchell 1944, Kelly central to a Maori person’s well being and were ‘based 1949, Roberton 1949, Grace 1959, Stafford 1967) and to on ancestral, historical, traditional and spiritual ties’. compliment these books a selection of articles have been (Pere, 1991 p 26). The knowledge of whakapapa was written to assist family historians locate their whakapapa important in establishing individual relationships and rights and in asserting influence or credibility. (Maori genealogy) in non-traditional sources. (McDougall 1976, Herlihy 1985, Mossong 1986). “On an iwi level whakapapa was used to maintain more political relationships, to assert dominance, to sort out Also to meet the demand that has now sprung up for allegiances and to remember significant past events. whakapapa assistance, libraries and archives offices Whakapapa is regarded as a taonga given only to those throughout New Zealand are producing whakapapa who had demonstrated a gift or skill in the genealogical guides to their holdings; (Alexander Turnbull Library, area and who had shown a readiness to receive and Hamilton Public Library, National Archives Auckland respect such knowledge. I was important that when Office and National Archives Wellington Office) so with given whakapapa knowledge the tauira (learner) got it the volume of written material now available I was some- right and used it for the good of the Whanau. To make what surprised when I was asked to write this paper on mistakes and misuse it would take away mana from the Maori whakapapa. whole Whanau and would certainly reduce a students Having agreed to do so, the path, which I should take, chances of gaining more.” (Smith 1986 p 6). was now unclear. Sharing my dilemma with my Ngati Kahungunu husband I said, “How do you know when As very little has been written about the responsibilities you’re ready to receive the awesome responsibility of of the researcher or family historian when seeking out caring for and looking after your family’s whakapapa?” and using traditional whakapapa, I want to explore some He said “You don’t, but the kaumatua know and will ethical issues that have been of concern to Maori. Be- share it with you ‘when the time is right!’ ”. I considered cause the research you will be carrying out must be done his reply carefully for several weeks and decided to write on some Maori terms, then I hope that what follows will this paper on a family historians responsibility to iwi, be useful and give you some understanding of where you hapu and Whanau when collecting whakapapa from might be heading, as Maori people have since the earli- traditional sources. est contact with Pakeha people, demonstrated a reluc- tance about being observed and researched on Pakeha Part of the higher education in Maori society was instruc- terms, this is often demonstrated in their reluctance to tion given to young men (who either showed a special hand on whakapapa knowledge. (Smith 1986 p 2). interest or whose birth required it) in the complexities of My comments come from my own experience as a iwi whakapapa. Marriage connections were taught Pakeha person, with a Maori husband and children, who carefully and over a long apprenticeship so that they has been actively engaged in whakapapa for the last could be referred to with proper etiquette on future meet- ings with other iwi (Buck 1966 p 361). (Continued on page 8)

PAGE 8 TE REO

(Continued from page 7)

1. For what purpose do I want whakapapa infor- twenty-three years, with the blessing of my husband’s mation? family. 2. Do I understand enough te reo Maori (Maori I am addressing my remarks specifically to the family Language that if whakapapa is shared with me historians present who are either Maori by birth and who will I get the pronunciation and spelling of have been raised in a Pakeha environment, or those of names correct? you who are Pakeha with Maori children. 3. Do I understand enough tikanga Maori (Maori protocol) so that I will not unintentionally of- There are problems that must be faced with cross- fend my host? cultural research. Pakeha perception in research is 4. Do I have something to share? about satisfying the need to know, and we as Pakeha, 5. If whakapapa is shared with me will it be used sometimes assume that it is okay to satisfy this need for the good of the Whanau? without due cultural consideration. (Smith 1986 p 3). 6. To whom will I be accountable? Evelyn Stokes refers to this as the ‘divine right’ that 7. Once given this gift of knowledge what respon- Pakeha researchers believe they possess, the right to sibility will then be mine to look after and retain investigate whatever topic he or she chooses without this the whakapapa of my family for future genera- consideration. (Stokes 1985 p 6). tions? We must also accept that Pakeha family historians carry 8. Am I ready to take on the responsibility that out a different research methodology to that of Maori comes with the sharing of Whakapapa? whakapapa caretakers. Pakeha like information to be 9. Can I accept that if the information I seek is not compartmentalized and place a great store on the written given to me, that the time might not be right for word, that is, if the information is printed it must be true, me to have it? and that there must be only one right family history, even though Pakeha’s realize that different family members Because Maori learning is holistic, the family historian have another perspective of the way it was for them, so cannot separate te reo Maori, or tikanga Maori from of course the telling will be different depending on which whakapapa so the family historian must be prepared to family is relating the story at the time. spend time learning in each area, so if information is Because the Maori attitude to knowledge is a historic one shared it will be able to be understood. “Intellectual with the past as part of the present, incorporating a stamina and prodigious memory were essential qualifica- continuing theme of stewardship of knowledge and tions for a highly learned human being in Maori Society,” resources including land inherited from ancestors, which (Manatu Maori p 8) so if you develop these qualities you is expected to be passed on to succeeding generations. may have them recognized in an appropriate fashion. What, at first, appears to be a “contradiction of whaka- When you visit your kaumatua or kuia, go with a specific papa between two geographically separate sections of aim or objective which will be directed at contributing to the same waka (canoe), it is important to realize that your whanau’s knowledge; put family members in touch different descent groups have their own version of their with each other, organize a family reunion, extend the history, and more significantly interpretation of Maori data family tree, and provide photographs to members who must be perceived in Maori terms, not force into precon- may not have them. ceived Pakeha methodologies or systems of categorizing knowledge.” (Stokes 1985 p 8 & Royal 1992 p 26). A caution for family historians using published sources: as some written historical traditions have been deliber- There are cross-cultural problems in communication, ately flawed by tipuna Maori (Maori ancestors) who whereby it is quite appropriate in the Pakeha culture to invented facts to satisfy the ‘insatiable curiosity’ of contact a relation by letter and to ask for the required Pakeha anthropologists, and because whakapapa was genealogical information. However this method of com- so important, “they were wary lest the book fall into the munication is totally inappropriate for Maori. For some- wrong hands, so they altered it deliberately.” (Royal 1992 thing so important as whakapapa to be shared, it must p 30). be done in person and often after repeated visits. To illustrate how I knew the time was right I would like to The questions then, that you must ask yourself before an share a personal experience with you. It occurred back approach to the caretaker of whakapapa in your Whanau (family) is made, are: (Continued on page 9) TE REO PAGE 9

(Continued from page 8) which places emphasis on the valuable contribution that you may make in seeking after whakapapa. in 1970 whilst visiting my husband’s family on the Mahia No reira kiaora koutou kotoa Peninsular. Our visit, that day, began as a purely social one. We were sharing family events that had occurred in He aha te mea nui, he aha te taonga o nga iwi? the preceding year, then quite unexpectedly Uncle stood He tangata, he tangata, he tangata. up and announced: “I have something I want to give What is the most important thing in the heritage of the you.” Without another word he left the room and came tribes? back a short time later with a worn notebook. He deliv- It is people, people, people. ered this book into my hands and his instructions were “I want you to copy the whakapapa tables from this book Bibliography and keep them safe.” Somewhat surprised, as this Uncle Alexander Turnbull Library (Nigel Murphy), had four adult children at the time, three sons and a Whakapapa, A Guide to Sources of Information in daughter, whom I felt should have assumed this respon- the Alexander Turnbull Library. A typescript Leaf- sibility, I was a Pakeha niece-in-law who had, at that let, Wellington 1991. time, a basic working knowledge of whakapapa. How- ever o obediently did as I was instructed and completed Buck, Sir Peter (Te Rangi Hiroa). The Coming Of the task two hours later. The Maori, Whitcombe and Tombs Ltd, Welling- ton, 1966. I duly took this whakapapa back to Wellington. A year later this Uncle passed away and for the next twenty- Grace, John Te H. Tuwharetoa: A History of the three years the treasured whakapapa tables were occa- Maori People of the Taupo District, Reed, Welling- sionally looked at, then replaced in a box. ton, 1959.

It was May 1993 when I received a phone call from Hamilton Public Library, (Para Matchitt). Whaka- Uncle’s eldest son’s wife. She had been working on papa Sources in the Hamilton Public Library, A whakapapa trying to piece together her husband’s family typescript booklet, 1989. for a special spiritual purpose. They could not find Un- Herlihy, Brian. The Maori Land Court as a Source cle’s whakapapa book and she had remembered being of Information, in Archifacts 1985 Vol 2 pp 45-48. told many years before that I had been given a copy of the whakapapa tables. Did I still have them and would I Kelly, G (Te Putu). Tainui: The Story of Hoturoa give them to her? and His Descendants, Polynesian Society, 1949.

I felt good and knew the time was right for this family to McDougall, June. Researching Mixed Maori- have their whakapapa returned. I received an inner Pakeha Ancestry, The New Zealand Genealogist, confirmation, which is only explainable to those that NZSG 1976 Vol 7 No. 65 pp 406-413. understand the meaning of wairua that this was what our Manatu Maori: Ministry of Maori Affairs, He Ti- Uncle had foreseen many years before. kanga Whakaaro, Research Ethics in the Maori In conclusion, I hope from this brief outline of what was Community, A Discussion Paper, Wellington 1991. deemed acceptable to Maori regarding the transmission Mitchell, JH (Tiaki Hikawera Mitira). Takitimu: A of whakapapa knowledge and the importance that is History of the Ngati Kahungungu People, Reed, attached to it, that when you, as a family historian, make Wellington, 1944 rev. ed. 1972. your first approach to the caretaker of your family re- cords, do not expect that the caretaker will give you open Mossong, Verna. A Brief Introduction to Sources access to the whakapapa they hold. As this knowledge for Non-Traditional Maori Family History Re- could only be gained by being given it and because search, in Bridging the Generations: Fourth Aus- specialized knowledge contributed to a person’s mana, it tralasian Congress on Genealogy and Heraldry, was, and still is, unlikely that a more learned kaumatua Canberra, 1986 pp 263-281. would give away too much at once. (Smith 1986 p 7). National Archives of New Zealand Auckland Of- Time, patience, spiritual understanding, the purpose for fice (M Stevens) Typescript Leaflet 7 Location which you wish to use whakapapa, will all have an influ- Guide to Maori Schools, 1879-1969 – from Auck- ence on whether any is given to you. land Regional Office.

I would like to leave you with a whakatauki (saying), (Continued on page 10) PAGE 10 TE REO (Continued from page 9) Research in New Zealand, August 1986.

Stafford, Donald M. Te Arawa: A History of the National Archives of New Zealand Wellington Arawa People, Reed 1967. Office Reference Guide No 16: Some Strategies For Searching Maori Names and Land Blocks, Stokes, Evelyn. Maori Research and Development. Typescript Leaflet 1993. A Discussion paper University of Waikato for the Social Sciences Committee of the National Re- Pere, Rangimarie Turuki. Te Wheke A Celebration search Advisory Council, P.O. Box 12-240, Wel- of Infinite Wisdom, Ao Ako Global Learning, Gis- lington, 1985. borne, 1991. Heather J. WEBBER 1994 HW Roberton, JBW. The Tribes of the Te Awamutu District in Bulletin No. 1 Te Awamutu Historical Heather is currently Director of the Genealogical Society, 1949. Research Institute of New Zealand (GRINZ) and is a professional genealogist. She has been teaching Royal, Te Ahukaramu Charles, Te Haurapa, An New Zealand, English and Irish genealogy for more Introduction to Researching Tribal Histories and than ten years. She is Librarian at the Upper Hutt Traditions, Bridget Williams Books, Wellington, Family History Centre, and is also a member of the 1992. AGRA, AAGRA, and APG. Smith, Linda Tuhiwai. Te Rapunga I Te Ao Marama, The Search for the World of Light… A Also an immediate past President of the NZSG June Discussion paper reflecting Maori perspectives of 1997 to June 2002. BM

possession of the Waitotara Block which had been MIG member Peter ALLEN from Hamilton has kindly purchased by the government, Grey’s underlying motive supplied us with five very interesting short tales; they was to punish the two south Taranaki Iwi, the Ngati are being printed in several issues of Te Reo as part of Ruanui and Nga Rauru, which had long been a thorn in a series which started with Tale Number One in the the side of the government. The relationship between Noema 2002 issue. Thank you Peter for your contin- Grey and Cameron (who didn’t share his views) became ued support of the newsletter, which is genuinely BM increasingly acrimonious. appreciated. The War:

A TALE OF FIVE CAMPAIGNS 5th January 1865 Grey orders Cameron to commence

the Wanganui Campaign. 24th January 1865 Maori PART THREE : th surprise the British camp at Nukumaru. 4 February 1865 Cameron reaches the Waingorgoro River. 15th & 16th March 1865 the villages of Te Ngaio and Kakaramea are captured and burnt. 29th April 1865 Cameron leaves Patea for Auckland to confer with Grey. April-May 1865 Cameron refuses the Governors request capture Weraroa Pa on the grounds that it is too strong. 21st July 1865 Weraroa Pa abandoned after it is

out-flanked by Colonial Troopers under the direct com- The ‘Lame Seagull’ mand of the Governor.

Campaign 1865 The Outcome:

Lt. Gen. Sir Duncan Governor Grey accepts General Cameron’s resignation Cameron’s March. and on 1st August 1865 Cameron sails from Auckland for England. Governor Grey prepares for a final cam- paign against the tribes of Taranaki. PA3 The Cause:

Immediately after the New Year of 1865 Sir George Source: Weapons and Tactics in the Taranaki Wars Grey ordered a reluctant Lt. Gen. Cameron to take by W.L. RAFFELL PA3 TE REO PAGE 11 WEB SITES

Members have kindly supplied the following websites for inclusion in the newsletter—many thanks for your continued support and suggestions. Members are also reminded that there are links on the MIG website www.rcyachts.net/maori

translation results or downloaded by the user for further analysis. The English pronunciations are provided using the MBROLA Project and Festival Text to Speech Sys- tems. A Mäori TTS system is being developed, and will be available when final testing is complete. To test the Mäori prototype, go to KEL's English-Mäori Synthesis test page. Another feature that this translator has, is a Spelling About the Translator, Database & Links Checker by International ISpell Version 3.1.20. All Eng- Contents : Contacts lish and Mäori word entries are checked first, if they are Introduction incorrectly spelt, a series of possible spellings are pre- http://kel.otago.ac.nz/translator/readme.html#Intro#Intro sented for the user to select. All Mäori language queries should be addressed to Mark There are a number of papers, datasets and documenta- Laws ([email protected]) tion associated with this Translator that can be viewed or Background downloaded by the user. Go to the Papers, Datasets and http://kel.otago.ac.nz/translator/readme.html#Back#Back Documentation Page at Mark Laws' web site on KEL. These pages are maintained by Michael Watts Background: ([email protected]) The Word Translator is a simple relational database Using the Translator system that was developed as part of the Connectionist- http://kel.otago.ac.nz/translator/readme.html#Using#Usin Based Intelligent Information Systems Programme, under g The database translator and graphics are maintained Objective 2: Speech and Image Processing and Intelli- by Mark Laws ( [email protected]) gent Human Computer Interaction which supports the Bilingual Interface project for English and Mäori Translation, Speech Recog- http://kel.otago.ac.nz/translator/readme.html#Biling#Bilin nition and Synthesis. The CBIS programme was funded g by the New Zealand Foundation of Research, Science Database Development and Technology - Public Good Science Fund UOO-606 http://kel.otago.ac.nz/translator/readme.html#DataB#Dat and UOO-808. aB This database is only a small portion of the overall output English-Mäori Text and Speech of the CBIS programme, it is intended to be used with the http://kel.otago.ac.nz/translator/readme.html#EMText#E English and Mäori Speech Recognition and Synthesis MText applications once they have been developed for release. Further Information Because the database as a single application can be http://kel.otago.ac.nz/translator/readme.html#More#More useful to users who only require basic head word transla- Introduction: tions and Mäori pronunciations, it was seen as appropri- Version 3 of the English and Mäori Word Translator was ate to release this as a demo version under two separate developed to provide a 'single head word' translation platforms. The first being generated as a web page on from one language to another. The translations from the the internet, the other as a relational database system for target language are words listed in order of their search the Windows (95/NT) environment. If you want to result, there are no grammatical conventions associated download and test the relational database system please with the words or any identifiers to show different mean- send an email to [email protected]. ing or application. Therefore, the translator does not The Department of Information Science at the University replicate an electronic dictionary or a lexical database, it of Otago, http://www.otago.ac.nz/home-page.html Dune- only provides a simple way to see many of the interpreta- din, New Zealand, provided the resources and support to tions associated with both languages. ensure the project was developed under proper re- A feature of this translator can link the searched words to search, development and cultural guidelines. over 500 Mäori pronunciations in common use today. Using the Translator: These pronunciations can be played along with the (Continued on page 14)

PAGE 14 TE REO

http://kel.otago.ac.nz/translator/ accented vowel buttons to insert the macron in words (Continued from page 11) that require them. Some prior knowledge of the Mäori words is therefore required if the search is to be success- The Translator Interface was designed to portray both an ful. intuitive translation protocol (similar to most other search The search results are generated on another page show- engines) and Mäori cultural icons based on the green- ing the word being searched and all the words found. If stone imagery ('pounamu' is a highly valued treasure), words that have been found are underlined, then they this in turn symbolises the high state that is bestowed the are linked to a synthesised/digitised speech example Mäori language by its people. "He pounamu iti, he which represents the proper pronunciation of that word, taonga" (It is a small, but very precious treasure). most internet browsers should be able to play the word Important to note that only single words in each language link. The motivation for providing a series of example can be searched using this Translator, so avoid submit- pronunciations stems from the broad concept that a ting strings, phrases or words containing spaces. The language should be equally read, spoken and heard, for spell checker will only look at the first word. Words can it to become a living entity. Also, this research will even- be entered in either upper or lowercase, with all results tually provide other means to represent speech (for both displayed in lowercase. It is important to select the cor- recognition and generation) and therefore sees the rect Translation Button (e.g. Press "Translate English to speech examples as being the first step towards achiev- Mäori" when an English word is entered) as the word ing this goal. being searched is only specific to that language. When If words are not found, due to not being in the database, searching for Mäori words, it is also important to use the (Continued on page 15) TE REO PAGE 15 (Continued from page 14) columns). This means that there are many duplicated Mäori words within the 7 columns. The Excel file was or they have improper accents or use characters such as then imported into the Microsoft Access 97 database "-" or "()" or "!" etc, a series of feedback pages are dis- application with separate tables and queries being gener- played accordingly. Most usually prompt the user to go ated to meet the requirements for the bilingual translator. back to the main page and try another word. If the word The third version of the database has gone through a is not found then we suggest you try another internet site major upgrade. We have added a further 200 translations which may provide better results. The following sites are (200 EWwords to 350 MWords) which included the most highly recommended for further searches; commonly requested words (mis-hits) from users, plus 1) Kimikupu Hou Lexical Database at NZCER new Mäori words derived from specialists based on 2) NGATA English-Maori Dictionary at Learning Media internet/computer terminology. Completely rebuilding the To read the Mäori text with the correct diacritic represen- database relational model to remove all duplicate words tations, you must use the correct viewing font. The which accounted for over 5000 Mäori entries, thus "Times Mäori" Fonts can be downloaded for either the speeding up the search, sort and retrieve commands. Macintosh or the Windows platform. The Mäori fonts This web site has become the ‘flagship’ of Mark Laws' provide the special characters with Macrons (over the research, as it incorporates the majority of the developed vowels) that are unique to the written Mäori language. data/language models. Insure to install them into your System/Fonts directory. If A simple index structure was incorporated to match one they are not installed, the Mäori words that use the word from a language set to corresponding words in the macron will display their default as an "umlaut" above the other language set, thus a "one to many" word translation character instead of the macron. Warning, some systems method was achieved. and fonts may display the macronised words as other Open source software was used throughout the develop- symbols or unrecognisable characters, it is therefore ment and construction of this site. The web server is recommended that the "Times New Roman - Western" Apache, running on a Linux machine. The database is class of fonts be used. PostgresSQl, and the interface and translation are both powered by php3 scripts. Bilingual Interface: Other open source software used to facilitate the inter- Following the principles of a true bilingual system, where face functionality is the MBROLA Speech Synthesis both languages have equal status, it was appropriate to Project, the Festival Text To Speech System and the include the option for the user to switch the interface Spelling Checker by International ISpell. between the two languages (for instructions, dialogues and comments). The default language is in English, and English-Mäori Text and Speech Query: the button "View the text in Mäori" allows the user to read The advantage of using SQL makes the system more the same pages in Mäori. The underlining principle for functional because the features for queries, updates, and offering Mäori text is to promote the Translator to a wider reports allows access to a bilingual dictionary of the two audience; from beginners right through to the advanced languages, even if they are stored as separate entities. speakers of the language. Web Sites which have links to this translator: Bilingualism is the step towards helping us to communi- We maintain an up-to-date web page that presents all cate with people of different language backgrounds, it the Translator Web Links therefore provides us with a better understanding of http://kel.otago.ac.nz/translator/Links.html that are either language, thus enhancing both. Crystal (1992) and posted on the internet. Benton (1979). For further information about the above, please contact: Mark R. Laws - Maaka. Database Development: Ph.D Candidate - Tüäpapa Pütaiao Mäori Fellowship. Currently there are 15,300 words in the database - Eng- Knowledge Engineering Laboratory - KEL. lish (7000) and Mäori (8300), all are based on traditional Information Science Dept - Rorohiko Whai Kï Aho- text sources, derived because of their high frequency Pütaiao. and/or they are the most commonly used within each of University of Otago - Te Whare Wänanga o Ötakou. their respective languages. This amounts to over 13,500 P.O.Box 56, Dunedin - Otepoti. possible translations between the two languages. New Zealand - Aotearoa. Initially the two language word data sets were created Phone: 64 3 479-8316 using Microsoft Excel. Each English word (totaling 6882 Facsimile: 64 3 479-8311 columns) has one or more Mäori translations on the E-Mail: [email protected] same row, there can be up to seven Mäori translations (7 PAGE 16 TE REO MAORI ELECTRONIC INFORMATION: ISSUES AND RESOURCES Alastair G. SMITH & Robert SULLIVAN ABSTRACT This article discusses electronic information resources relating to Maori under two headings: issues that arise from the storage and dissemination of Maori informa- tion in electronic form, and a survey of Maori electronic information resources. Electronic information resources dealt with include online information resources, available through the Internet or other networks, and locally held resources, available only on specific machines. A NOTE ON REFERENCES there are concerns about the longevity of electronic In mentioning resources that are available through the media and issues of compatibility with future hardware Internet we give a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). and software. These identify a location on the Internet and can be used REASONS FOR NOT MAKING MAORI INFORMATION with a World Wide Web (www) browser to navigate to the AVAILABLE IN ELECTRONIC FORM. resource. These advantages do not come without disadvantages, ISSUES which cause many Maori and those involved with Maori There are a number of reasons for putting Maori informa- information to have reservations about making Maori tion in electronic form. There are also reasons why information available electronically. Maori information should not be put in electronic form. From a Maori cultural perspective, unlimited access to REASONS FOR MAKING MAORI INFORMATION information is not necessarily good. Ease of access may AVAILABLE IN ELECTRONIC FORM. mean that Maori lose control of knowledge. Intellectual Having information in electronic form makes it more property law provides poor protection for electronic easily accessible (to those with the necessary equipment resources in general, and in addition does not recognize and network connections). Electronic information can group ownership by, for example, iwi. Dell (1987 p 100) easily be distributed by copying, using magnetic or opti- notes that in the Maori tradition; cal disks or remote access over a network. Decreasing “Knowledge is passed only to selected individuals, or in costs of hardware, software and network connections approved ways, contrasting with the European tradition mean that electronic databases may be more economical that it should be shared with all those who seek to learn.” than print for the distribution of information such as indexes and bibliographies. With the ready availability of Electronic information, particularly online in the Internet database and word processing software, information can environment has few controls over who may use it and in be easily created in electronic form. what manner. For instance, an American tourist scanned portrait images of Maori ancestors from the Auckland Electronic information can be searched from specific City Art Gallery into electronic format and published them combinations of keywords, enabling electronic text to be on the World Wide Web. This was felt by some Maori to analyzed for the purpose of scholarship (Barlow 1990). be inappropriate use of ancestor’s images. In the future, Data relating to land ownership and history may be put Maori may make their feelings known about what they into electronic form to facilitate Maori in researching feel to be unethical treatment with electronic information whakapapa and land claims. by, for instance, “flaming” the perpetrators on Internet discussion groups and more importantly, providing their Also, information about Maori can be made available to own authoritative and culturally sensitive access to Pakeha and Tauiwi to increase understanding of Maori appropriate Maori networked information. culture, promoting biculturalism. An example of the clash between Maori cultural values In a world that is increasingly electronic, putting Maori and the laissez faire attitude to information on the Inter- information in electronic form creates a Maori presence net occurred in March 1996. participants in the on the information superhighway, raising the profile of Nekeneke mailing list (see below) were asked to email Maori culture, and demonstrating that IT is compatible protests to the manager of a US tattooing site with tikanga Maori. (http://tattoos.com/moko.thm), which displayed images of Maori heads accompanying an essay on Maori moko. The ease of copying electronic information provides a When the author of the essay (a Canadian academic not method of preservation of Maori information, although (Continued on page 17) TE REO PAGE 17 (Continued from page 16) part of the resource guide.

Many Maori electronic resources are held off shore. associated directly with the tattooing sire) was informed While this increases the availability of the resources, it by Alastair Smith of the cultural issues involved, the raises issues of control of the information, and illustrates author asked the site manager to remove the images, how electronic information can be copied to the far and this was done (Tovey 1996). reaches of the Internet at the press of a key. A sensitivity to Maori customs is important, and it is more While electronic information is easily available to those important that Maori retain control over this aspect of with the necessary hardware, software and network their traditional knowledge. By providing legitimate connectivity, these prerequisites tend to be more avail- indigenous access to their traditional information, fears able to Pakeha than to Maori. Indeed, the availability of about intellectual property rights on the part of tangata Maori information in electronic form could lessen the whenua will be alleviated. Legitimate access may mean pressure to make information available in print form, thus providing the information in te reo Maori only. That is for reducing access for those without the prerequisite tech- interested indigenous groups to decide. This is an issue nology. In addition, the cost structures of electronic for print, recorded and electronic formats of Maori infor- access tend to favour a user-pays, per-search approach. mation. Given that some types of Maori knowledge are This can restrict access, making information available to regarded as sacred in their traditional context, the writers those able to pay, but effectively inaccessible to those believe that it is best left to Maori to express and pre- who can’t. an example is the availability of Waitangi serve that sacredness. Tribunal reports and other Maori information through the Many Maori have strong feelings about eating in the for-profit Te Kete o nga Wananga (Knowledge basket) presence of cultural works, Ranginui Walker states that enterprise, and the Kupu database on Kiwinet both traditional Maori knowledge in its handwritten form, described below. especially genealogical information, remain tapu – sa- Few electronic resources are purely in te reo, perhaps cred. Its published facsimiles to a lesser degree retain because people have skills in both te reo and IT. A some tapu (Walker 1985, 75). It is unclear how one notable exception is Te Wahapu Maori BBS listed below. should regard optical and magnetic information, but The demand for and supply of electronic information in te definitely, their hardcopy print outs should similarly be reo may increase with the maturing of a generation regarded as tapu. So for instance, it would be insensitive bought up in Kohanga reo and used to computers. to eat or drink in the presence of such works, or to store them in an area where food was regularly consumed. A technical barrier to the correct use of te reo in elec- For fuller definitions of “tapu” and “traditional Maori tronic form is the absence of the macron* to indicate a knowledge” see Sullivan (1995 b), Dell (1987) and long vowel in commonly used character sets. The basic Walker (1986). ASCII code for representing characters in electronic form does not include macronised vowels, so unless software Several of those involved in the development of Maori makes special provisions for representing the macron, electronic resources stressed the importance of consulta- the lengthening of the vowel must be ignored, or repre- tion with the cultural owners of information, to ensure that sented in other ways, for instance by the doubling the information was being made available in an appropriate vowel (e.g. Maaori), or by the use of a tilde to indicate a manner. long vowel (e.g. Ma˜ori). Neither system is accepted by An extra issue of cultural appropriateness is raised on all users; some Maori prefer to see single vowels in WWW. Many libraries are starting to provide subject preference to a double vowel; the tilde is not generally resource guides on the WWW, with links to external accepted but has the advantage that it produces a resources. Do people creating these guides bear some unique character string that an automatic search and responsibility for the cultural appropriateness of the replace routine could subsequently replace by a resource being referred to? For instance a resource macronised vowel. Extended character sets, which may guide may refer to the Lonely Planet Maori pages at replace ASCII in common, usage such as 16-bit Unicode, URL’s will include macronised vowels. http://www.lonelyplanet.com.au/dest/aust/maori.htm. There are several options for achieving macronised These contain useful information about Maori customs, vowels when word processing with mainstream word but some Maori may be disturbed by the use in the processors: Lonely Planet pages of images of carvings of ancestors. To a casual browser, these images may appear to be (Continued on page 18) PAGE 18 TE REO (Continued from page 17) macrons in the Microsoft Word for Windows environment. Specific fonts (e.g. the Matapihi Maori fonts from Naviga- WordPerfect includes macronised vowels in its WordPer- tor Software) are available that include the macronised fect character set.. vowels. Te Kete Pumanawa Rohohiko (mentioned below) adds NEW ZEALAND LIBRARIES v. 48 no. 6, June 1996. HP

MEMBERS’ SURNAMES/WHAKAPAPA INTERESTS In Alphabetical Order of Members SURNAME FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON ANY NAME BELOW, PLEASE CONTACT THE MIG MEMBER DIRECTLY All information is as submitted by members – these are the most recent additions to the MIG web page

Mrs. Marilyn COLLINS-DAWSON, P.O. Box 294, TAUPO, TPO 2730, New Zealand. E-Mail: [email protected] RESEARCH NAMES M/F TRIBE/IWI TOWN or PROVINCE TIME PERIOD Te Hemapo (Ellen) Nicholson F Ngapuhi Hokianga 1840-1870

Allyson (Lillian) COURT, 19 Stratford Street, Blenheim, MBH 7301, New Zealand. E-Mail: [email protected] RESEARCH NAMES M/F TRIBE/IWI TOWN or PROVINCE TIME PERIOD TAMATI M Te Ati Awa Taranaki 1700-1900 MATANGI M Te Ati Awa Taranaki 1700-1900 PETAERA M Ngati Pamoana Whanganui 1700-1900 CHADWICK M Ngati Pamoana Whanganui 1700-1900

Mr. Romi TUMAI, 109-47 Albert Street, Otahuhu, Auckland, AKD 1006, New Zealand. RESEARCH NAMES M/F TRIBE/IWI TOWN or PROVINCE TIME PERIOD TE RETIMANA Mania M Te Akitai, Ngati Whatua Tainui 1863-1896 George COOPER M Pakeha England 1840-1850 MURUPAENGA M Tainui, Ngati Ruanui, Mutunga TNK, Tainui 1845-1865

MARAE DIRECTORY

I have compiled a Marae Directory from information available on the www.maori.org.nz website for the benefit of our members without access to the Internet. There are contact details for approximately 460 Marae listed throughout the country and the database runs to about fifteen (15) pages, which is obviously too large to be reproduced in its entirety here. Therefore, the list has be printed in several issues of Te Reo as part of a series which started in the Noema 2002 issue.

I would also appreciate MIG members reporting any errors, omissions and additions to Brenda so that we may have an accurate list of Marae throughout New Zealand (and overseas). BM TE REO PAGE 19 Marae Directory Marae Name Street Address Place Rohe / District Contact Name Contact Details 240 Punaruku Punaruku Tai Rawhiti

241 Pungarehu Marae River Road Whanganui River Aotea/Tai Hauauru Mike Osborne-

Puniho Pa / P.O Box 246, New Mirakau Rd, Aotea / Tai Fay Mulligan PH (06) 759-2376 E-mail: nga- 242 Tarawainuku Plymouth Warea Hauauru (Secretary) [email protected]

243 Purekireki Pirongia Pirongia Waikato

244 Rahiri O Te Rangi Bells Road, Bay of Plenty Mataatua Maraea Erica E-mail: [email protected]

245 Rakairoa RD1 Kennedy Bay Hauraki Hauraki

246 Rakatapauma RD3 Taihape Taihape Aotea Mark Gray PH (06) 388-7817

247 Rakautatahi Snee Road, RD2, Tamatea, Central Takitimu John Apatu PH (06) 855-8306 Mobile 025-279-

248 Rangiaohia (Ngati Marae Lane, Matata, BOP Te Arawa Tony Semmens PH 322-2283

Settlement Way, Herekino, RD1 249 Rangikohu Marae Tai Tokerau Anne Walker PH (09) 409-3806 or (09) 408-0900 Rangikohu,Hereki Kaitaia

250 Rangimarie Main Road Ma- Matawaia Tai Tokerau

251 Rangimarie Rd 5 Oruawharo Oruawharo, Tai Tokerau

252 Rangimarie Marae Rewatu Road, Whakatane Mataatua Marlene Maru PH Res: (07) 308-6478 Marae: (07)

Rapaki, Lyttelton 253 Rapaki Rapaki Drive Te Waipounamu Elaine Dell PO Box 107, Lyttelton Harbour, Christ-

254 Raroa Marae Raroa Road Waimana Mataatua Pamela Ratu PH (07) 312-3052

Raropua Marae, Raropua Lane, Te Te Puna/Tauranga 255 Takitimu Barbara Leef E-mail: [email protected] Ngati Taka, Te Puna Moana

256 Ratana Pa Ratana Pa Tai Hauauru

257 Raukawa Mill Road Otaki Manawatu Lena Roiri PH Marae (06) 364-7617

258 Rautahi Marae Onslow Street Kawerau Mataatua Peter Tarei PH (07) 323-6570 E-mail:

259 Rawhitiroa - Bayley Rd Ki Wharepuhunga Waikato Whangamatau E-mail:

260 Rereamanu Main South Rd. Haurua Otoro- Waikato- Reuben Tapara P.O. Box 73 Otorohanga.

261 Reretewhioi Marae Taurangatira Road Waiuku Waikato Tapara Whanau PH (09) 235-8605

262 Ripia Pouto Road, R D 1 Dargaville Tai Tokerau Rihari Toia PH (09) 439-4494

263 Roimata Marae Kutarere Mataatua

264 Rongomaihuatahi Beach Road Eastern Bay of Tairawhiti Oho Gage PH (07) 325-2172 E-mail:

265 Ruaihona Marae Te Teko Road Te Teko Mataatua Monica Maniapoto PH (07) 322-8660

Tapapa (Whakaeke William Winika or 266 Ruapeka RD 2 Tirau Waikato PH Marae (07) 883-4633 [entrance] to Lorna Pope

267 Ruapekapeka Hailes Road Akerama, Towai. Tai Tokerau Allan Halliday PH (09) 433-4993

268 Ruataniwha Ruataniwha Road Wairoa Takitimu

Ruataupare ki 269 Tuparoa Ruatoria Tai Rawhiti Kura Whangapirita 118 Main Road South Tuparoa 270 Ruawheoro Uawa Tai Rawhiti PAGE 20 TE REO Marae Directory

Marae Name Street Address Place Rohe / District Contact Name Contact Details

271 Rukumoana Morinsville Waikato Taihape Rd. 272 Runanga Hastings Takitimu Felix Ngapare Montrose St Flaxmere Runanga Taane-nui-ä-rangi 273 State Highway 2 Nuhaka Täkitimu Marae

274 Taharangi Tarewa Road Rotorua Te Arawa SH12, Taheke 275 Tahekeroa Marae Taheke, Hokianga Tai Tokerau Road

276 Tahuna Marae Kaihau Road Waiuku Waikato

277 Tahuwhakatiki Welcome Bay Rd Tauranga Mataatua Monti Ohia (Snr) Main Rd, Manu- 278 Tai Tokerau Herekino Tai Tokerau John McLean kau, Herekino

280 Tai Tokerau Te Hapua Road Te Hapua Pawarenga (Beach PH (09) 409-5101 E-mail: 281 Taiao Marae Pawarenga Tai Tokerau Malcolm Peri front) [email protected]

282 Taihoa Mahia Avenue Wairoa Takitimu Miss Iho Carroll PH Marae (06) 838-6424

Cnr Ohangai and Hiku Te Ata E-mail: taiporo- 283 Taiporohenui Ohangai Aotea Matangarara Kawiti-Taylor [email protected] Taiporohonui/ Hawera, Sth 284 Ararata Road Aotea Koutu ki te Rangi Taranaki SH 14, Mama- Lagaluga/Patuawa/ 285 Taita Marae Dargaville Tai Tokerau ranui, Dargaville Nathan

286 Takahiwai Marae Takahiwai Road Ruakaka Tai Tokerau Grant Pirihi PH (09) 432-7350 Cnr Ngatitoa & Te Takapuwahia, PH (04) 237-7922 Fax (04) 237- 287 Takapuwahia Whanganui a Tara Raylene Bishop Hiko St Porirua, Wellington 6436 Main Road Te PH (06) 862-3470 or (06) 8623- 288 Takipu Marae Gisborne Tai Rawhiti Tina or Jane Karaka 026 or (06) 862-3777 Waihirere Road 289 Takitimu Wairoa Takitimu Huia Wilson Wairoa Lavenham Road 290 Takitimu Waituhi Gisborne Tai Rawhiti Waituhi Tama Pango 291 Douglas Road Okauia Matamata Waikato Charlie Thompson Mobile 021-124-1493 Marae Tama Te Ua Ua Tamaki Makau C/- The Marae Trustees,RD 1 292 RD I Kaihu Dargaville Esme Thornton Marae Rau Kaihu Tareha Lane, Kimihauora Health 293 Tamapahore Tauranga Mataatua PH (07) 574-8967 Tauranga Centre - Maybelle

294 Tamatea Marae Main Rd Motuti Tai Tokerau Main Road Tan- 295 Tangoio Napier Hawkes Bay Takitimu Fred Napier goio Ken Falwasser 296 Taniwha Marae McGoverns Road Waerenga Waikato PO Box 1 Kawerau (Secretary) Tapuaeharuru 297 State Highway 30 Lake Rotoiti Te Arawa Rawiri Gardiner PH (07) 3627-721 Marae 50 Tapuihikitia Irihapeti Dewes or 298 Tapu-i-hikita Paa Waikohu, Gisborne Tai Rawhiti lane, Puha Ann Brown Tapuihikitia Lane, 299 Tapuihikitia Marae Waikohu Tai Rawhiti Karlos Rutene E-mail: [email protected] Puha, Gisborne

300 Taraia Old Main Road Pakipaki Takitimu TE REO PAGE 21 Marae Directory Marae Name Street Address Place Rohe / District Contact Name Contact Details Wellington High Wellington City, Chairperson of Te PH (04) 972-0016 Mobile 025- 301 Taraika Marae Whanganui A Tara School, Taranaki Wellington Whanau A Taraika 226-7352 E-mail: pureta- 302 Taranaki Taranaki Taranaki Lila Smith [email protected] Gloucester Road, MR. Rangihiwinui 303 Taremoremo Marae Rotorua Te Arawa Rotorua Morgan Te Awahou, William R PH (07) 347-2266 Mobile 025- 304 Tarimano 62 Gloucester Rd Te Arawa Ngongotaha, McDonald 220-3420 305 Tau Henare Pipiwai Road Pipiwai Tai Tokerau Te Rore Neho PH (09) 438-7590 306 Tau Henaretai Pipiwai Rd Pipiwai Tai Tokerau 307 Tauanui Marae Hodges Road Waimana Mataatua Ruatoki Valley Tauarau Marae E-mail: tekaokaootaka- 308 Tauarau Marae Tuhoe - Ruatoki Mataatua North Road Committee [email protected] 309 Taupo-Nui-A-Tia Spa Rod Taupo Waikato State H'Way 3, Waitotara/South PH (06) 273-8081 or E-mail: 310 Tauranga-Ika Aotea/Tai Hauauru Ngaire Ashford Nuku- Taranaki [email protected] Main Road Port 311 Tauranganui Marae Te Kohanga Waikato Tai Taua Waikato Waimate North, 312 Tauwhara Marae Tai Tokerau Bay of Islands 313 Tawakeheimoa Gloucester Rd Awahou Te Arawa Ruataniwha Road, Wairoa, Hawkes 314 Tawhiti a Maru Takitimu Bid Bretherton Queen Street, Wairoa Wairoa Bay Old Waihi Road, Omokoroa, PH (07) 5526-133 E-mail: pu- 315 Tawhitinui Marae Takitimu Putaka Nicholas Omokoroa, Tauranga [email protected] Sth.Taranaki, Melvin Katene PH (06) 272-8088 E-mail: 316 Tawhitinui Marae Surfers Highway Aotea (Ngaruahinerangi) (Trustee) [email protected] 317 Te Aharoa Te Kuiti Te Kuiti Maniapoto Bridge Stree, Daniel Manuao De 318 Te Aitarakihi Timaru Te Waipounamu PH (03) 688-9940 Timaru Har Oraka, No. 1 Rd, 319 Te Akau Murihiku Te Waipounamu Tamatea Bull E-mail: [email protected] Aparima Tangi Munn, PH (07) 312-3005 Whakatane or 320 Te Aohou Marae Matahi Valley Te Waimana Mataatua Daphne Iraia, (09) 425-5702 Auckland

321 Te Aowera Puhunga Whakapaurangi Tai Rawhiti Okaiawa, South Mrs Lorna Tüta- 322 Te Aroha Ïnaha Road Aotea/te Hauäuru Taranaki hione/Kätene Mangataipa Rd/ 323 Te Aroha nui Okaihau Te Tai Tokerau Ngati Kiore trust Radio Tautoko PH (09) 401-8889 Mangamuka Te Hape Station, Barbara K Moana - 324 Te Hape Marae Ngati Rereahu Waikato PH (07) 878-4849 RD 7 Te Kuiti RMC Marae

Corner SH2 and Masterton, Waira- PH (06) 370-1612 Email: 325 Te Heru a Rangi Whanganui a Tara Kataraina Smith Ngaumutawa Rd, rapa [email protected] R.D.9 Pryces Line D. Goddard & 326 Te Hiiri O Mahuta Palmerston North Te Arawa E-mail: [email protected] Kakariki M.Karatea Te Moutere o Mokai Huirua 327 Te Hinga o te Ra Mataatua PH (09) 571-8580 Motiti Williams Te Huinga O Te Matahi Marae 328 Matahi Valley Te Waimana Mataatua PH (07) 312-3022 Kura Committee -

Te Huingawaka Kaingaroa Nga- Te Huingawaka 329 Kaingaroa Mataatua PH (07) 366-9865 Marae Kaingaroa here Marae Committee

330 Te Huruhi Otaenga Road Awarua Te Tai Tokerau PAGE 22 TE REO

Marae Directory Marae Name Street Address Place Rohe / District Contact Name Contact Details Waitotara Beach Waitotara, South Sienna Moewai PH (06) 347-8872 E-mail: maria- 331 Te Ihupuku, Marae Aotea/Tai Hauauru Road, Waitotara. Taranaki Katene- Hamilton [email protected] Te ingoa o te Takitimu ki 332 Aohanga whare tawhito. Wairarapa

Anary Gray, Rawi E-mail: [email protected] 333 Te Kaharoa Marae RD1 Aramiro Raglan Kirikiriroa Waikato OBrien, Hinemanu [email protected] Te Kapa o Te 549 Oruanui Road, 334 Taupo Tuwharetoa Judy Constable E-mail: [email protected] Rangiita Oruanui, Taupo. Te Karaiti te Pou PH (09) 275-5335 or (09) 275-4836 335 35 Cape Road Mangere Tamaki Makaurau Te Kitohi Pikaahu Herenga Waka Fax (09) 275 5341 336 Te Kauae Mangarino Rd. Hangatiki Maniapoto L. Koroheke PH (07) 873-8536 Waikato/ Te Whanau 338 Te Kauae Hangatiki Road Te Kuiti Maniapoto Koroheke Morgans Road, Te Maniapoto, 339 Te Kopua Apakura Awamutu Waikato Te Kotahitang Otewa Rd, Otoro- Ngati Urunumia, 340 Waikato Marae hanga Ngati Maniapoto Rangihamama Raumati Para & (09) 401-1053 E-mail: olz- 341 Te Kotahitanga Kaikohe Tai Tokerau Road RD 1 Ollie Para [email protected] Hilda Halkyard 342 Te Kotahitanga Whangape Road Whangape Tai Tokerau PH (09) 406-7304 Harawira Te Kotahitanga Otewa Rd, Otoro- Ngati Urunumia, 343 Waikato Marae hanga Ngati Maniapoto Te Kuha Tarewa 344 23 Kuha Pa Hawkspade Mataatua Ngawini Waiwai PH (09) 276-5078 or (09) 270-3019 Marae Te Marae o Hoani 441 West Coast Tamaki Makau 345 Auckland Ngareta Renata PH (09) 818-2323 Waititi Road Glen Eden Rau 346 Te Mata Marae Mangakahia Road Tautoro Tai Tokerau Atawhai Rameka PH (09) 401-2870 Te Moananui a Beerburrum Road, 347 Brisbane, Australia Queensland Kiwa Marae Sunshine Coast Webster Road, John Tepania and 348 Te Ngakau Kaeo Taitokerau Waihapa Rewhi Whanau Te Ngawari Marae Te Whiwhi Street, 349 Mangatu Te Tai Rawhiti Harata Tamanui PH (06) 862-1876 or (06) 862-1840 (Mangatu) Whatatutu 350 Te Ohaki Parawera Waikato M. Ryan PH (02) 528-95113 Main Road, 351 Te Paatu Pamapuria, Kaitaia Pamapuria Pamapuria Te Paea Hauraki Kennedy Bay, Teena French, 352 Coromandel Hauraki E-mail: [email protected] Pa RD1 Korohere Ngapo Whakarewarewa, 353 Te Pakira Marae Wahiao Drive Te Arawa Watu Mihinui PH (07) 348-1920 Rotorua 145 Maaori Point Hemohare 354 Te Papa o Rotu Whatawhata Waikato PH (07) 829-8169 or (07) 829-8419 Road Bishop / Wairahi

355 Te Papaorotu Maori Point Road Whatawhata Waikato Maureen Katipa

356 Te Papaorotu Bells Road Whatawhata Waikato Maureen Katipa

357 Te Paparotu Whatawhata Hamutana Waikato Jack King Omanaia Road, 358 Te Piiti Hokianga Tai Tokerau Omanaia Te Piringatahi o te 359 19 Luckens Road West Harbour Tamaki Makaurau Maungaarongo Te Poho O Hine- 360 Ruataniwha Rd Wairoa Takitimu Mrs W. Watene PH (06) 838-7715 mihi TE REO PAGE 23

MIG OBJECTIVES DISCLAIMER

1/. To assist others researching Maori Whakapapa by The Editors and Webmaster wel- way of sharing our knowledge of areas of research. come contributions for publication, but reserve the right to edit as 2/. To compile a list of repositories, books etc that will necessary. The views expressed assist with Maori research. are not necessarily those of the Society, MIG, Editors, Webmaster 3/. To acquire books purchased through the Maori Inter- and/or the Committee, and we est Group and from donations [and group badge pro- therefore do not accept any respon- ceeds] for all [NZ] members to use. sibility for information or opinions expressed. 4/. It is noted we will not be researching for others but offering assistance to give others a channel of research All information is provided in good faith as a general that may help them. We have a research officer who will reference source only and which is given for offer assistance in an advisory capacity. "GENEALOGICAL" purposes as possible finding aids. The Society, MIG and their executives cannot vouch for MIG Services: Quarterly Newsletters; February, May, the accuracy of any reference material. August & November. Published Newsletter Queries. The Maori Interest Group occasionally provides Maps Brief Research Queries Answered. as a general reference source only and the researcher should undertake more in-depth research, once the Members Surname/Whakapapa Interest List. broad proximity of the Iwi has been identified.

MIG Subscription: As from the 1st November 2001 When corresponding with officers of the MIG always Membership of the New Zealand Society of Genealogist quote your NZSG Membership Number and include a Maori Interest Group is free to all Financial Members of LARGE Stamped Self-Addressed Envelope [SSAE] the New Zealand Society of Genealogists. BM with your letter if a reply is anticipated. Those NZSG Members wishing to receive hardcopies of the MIG newsletter Te Reo must supply the MIG Secre- N.B. I am very reluctant to publish mem- tary with four (4) A5 envelopes with a .90¢ stamp on ber’s E-mail addresses only in Te Reo – I don’t each envelope. think that this is being fair to those members without the Internet and it is also limiting your own MIG Meetings: Usually in conjunction with the NZSG chances of receiving a reply to only those mem- Biennial Conference—This is usually the MIG AGM bers with the Internet. BM Meeting. BM

MAORI INTEREST GROUP BADGES

Group Badges are now available for purchase from the MIG Secretary for NZ$5.50¢ each including postage. Please make all cheques/money orders payable to the NZSG Maori Interest Group;

Sec/Treas: Mrs. Brenda JOYCE 17 Peterhouse St, Tawa Wellington, WTN 6006. NZ. Colour : Black on Silver. E-mail: [email protected]

The current MIG executive term began on the 3rd June 2001 at the NZSG AGM New Plymouth & will end at the 2003 NZSG AGM. The MIG formed in 1993 and The NZSG ratified the MIG at the Council Meeting on the 3rd December 1994 TE REO - The Voice [of the NZSG MIG] Reference source: The Reed Pocket Dictionary of Modern Maori. P.M. Ryan 1999.

Printed in Australia © NZSG MIG 2003 BRM8