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Soil Survey of Lethbridge and Pincher Creek Sheets 29 with a Scale of Two Inches to the Mile

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Soil Survey of Lethbridge and Pincher Creek Sheets 29 with a Scale of Two Inches to the Mile Bulletin No. 32. July, 1939. UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE Soi1 Survey of Lethbridge and Pincher Creek Sheets BY F. A. WYATT (With Appendix by J. A. Allan) University of Alberta W. E. BOWSER A.ND W. ODYNSKY Dominion Department of Agriculture Experimental Farms Service Distributed by Department of Extension, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND PUBLICATIONS W. A. R. KERR, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D., Chev.Leg.d’H, O.I.P, F.R.S.C., President of the University, Chairman. E. A. HOWES, E.S.A., D.Sc., Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, Vice- Chairman. F. A. WYA’IT. B.S.A., M.S., Ph.D., Professor of Soils. J. MACGREGOR SMITH, B.S.A., Professor of Agricultural Engineering. J. P. SACKVILLE, E.S.A., M.S., Professor of Animal Husbandry. H. R. THORNTON, B.Sc., Ph.D., Professor of Dairying. E. H. STRICKLAND, MSc., Professor of Entomology. J. S. SHOEMAKER, B.S.A., M.Sc., Ph.D., Professor of Horticulture. K. W. NEATBY, B.S.A., M.S.A., Ph.D., Professor of Field Crops. DONALD CAMERON, B.Sc., MSc., Director, Department of Extension, Secretary. CONTENTS Paz Acknowledgment .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .._...........,.. Preface . .. .. .. .._...._................._.._..........._..............................._ 5 Description of Area ...... 7 Climate ....................................................... ..................... .............. ......... ..... ............................................ ..............., Agriculture ............. .............. .......................................................................... ........... ......... ........... ... ............... System of Soil Classification ... ..................................... ......................................... ... .......... Sd Zone .................................................................... .................... .................................... ....... .................. 24 Mode of Deposition of Parent Material ... .................................................. .........:: Profile Variation ............Y.. ........................................ ............................................ .......................... ...........2s -Soi1 ............................ Survey Methods ........................................................ .................................................. ..~.. iwlb .............................. .................................................................................... ................................................. ... ............ $9 Brown Soil Zone ................................. ......_ .................. ................ ............................... ......................... 35 Brown Sandy Soils of Milk River Valley ............................................................ 35 Brown Loams South of Milk River ................................................... ....... ....... 35 Brown Loams North of MiIk River ....................................................................... Brown Sorted Silt Loams around Chin Coulee ......................... .............. 36 Dark Brown Soil Zone ................... ............................ ........ ....... ................ ...... .... ..... .......... ..... Light Textured SO& between Peigan and Macleod ............................ Alluvial Area around Wild Turnip Hi11 .................. ........ ... .... ................ Hilly Loams and Clay Loams of the Milk River Ridge .............. Glacial Loams Southwest of Macleod .............................................................. Alluvial Heavy Loams around Del Bonita .................................................... Loams and Silt Loams between Magrath and Warner.. ...................... Medium toHeavy Textured Laking Basin between Magrath and Lethbridge . ..._............................. .. .._.................................................................. .,, .., Sorted Heavy Textured Soils along the South Branch of Milk River .....I.. ............................................................. ~................................................. ................................ High Lime Silty Clay Loams South of Macleod ....................................... Water Sorted High Lime Clays and Clay Loams near Brocket ..... Shallow Black Soi1 Zone ............... .......... ............... ................ ... ............................................ Hilly Loams and Clay Loams of the Porcupine Hills Area.. ........... Hilly Loams and Clay Loams South and West of Cardston .......... Sorted Loams of the Central and West Base of the Milk River Ridge ......................... ........ ......... ................ ........... ................ ......... ..... ................ ... .,..... ..... Sorted Loams and Silt Loams of the Foothills Region ...................... Solonized Silt Loams on the Blood Indian Reserve ................................. Sorted Silt Loams and Silty Clay Loams along St. Mary River Heavy Textured Water Sorted Soils between Lundbreck and Stand Off ................................................................................. ............................................. .............. Black Soil Zone ................. .................................................................. .................... ..... ..... ........... .............. Hilly Loams of the FoothiIls Region ............................................................................ Valley Soils of the Foothills Region ............... ................ ........... ................................ Eroded Lands ................................................................................................................................................. River Bottom Soils .......... ............................ ..................... ..................... ................................................. 61 Marshes, Alkali and Lakes .......................... ........................................................................ 61 Composition of Soils of Lethbridge and Pincher Creek Sheets.. ...............62 Farm Practice ..............................................................................................................................................................66 Irrigation .....................................................................................................................................................................72 Alkali .................................................................................................................................................................................. 76 Vegetation .............................................................................................................. .................................... ................ 81 Land Class Map ....................................................................................................................................................84 Appendix: The Relation of the Geology to the Soils in the Lethbridge and Pincher Creek Sheets ..................................................................... ...................... ......................... 85 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................85 Physical Features .................................................................................................................................... 87 Sub-surface Geology ....................................................................... ................................... .................... 89 Origin of Surficial Deposits in the Lethbridge and Pincher Creek Sheets ..................................................................................... ......... ............................................. .....................92 Maps and Illustrations: Eleven plates containing 24 Figures. Soi1 Survey Map of Lethbridge and Pincher Creek Sheets, scale 1 inch to 3 miles, and Land Classification Map .....Inside Back Cover ACKNOWLEDGMENT The soi1 survey report of the Lethbridge and Pincher Creek sheets is the result of co-operation between the Dominion Department of Agriculture, the Soils Department of the University and Dr. J. A. Allan, Professor of Geology. The authors of this report wish to acknowledge their appreciation for assistance and support received from the following sources: Dr. J. D. Newton gave counsel and assistance in proof read- ing the manuscript; The Dominion Department of Agriculture, Experimental Farms Service, supplied funds under the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Act for conducting the field and laboratory work and for drawing and printing the soi1 map. Funds for printing the report were supplied by the University of Alberta; The Department of Mines and Resources? Surveys and Engineering Branch, Hydrographie and Map Service, supplied the township and sectional maps and supervised the compila- tion and drawing of the soi1 map. PREFACE The farmer is among the first to recognize the fact that soils vary tremendously in their power to produce crops. This variation is due to differences in physical, chemical, and biological relationships within the various soi1 types. This report describes the properties of the surface and subsoil of the various soi1 types, and gives the fertility invoice of the principal areas. It describes the topography, drainage, water supply, and alkali problems of the area. Methods of soi1 management and possible utilization of the
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