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The Non-Christian Nature of Marxism
The Non-Christian Nature of Marxism Andrew T. Looker, Jr. HSOG Culture and Crisis Conference Liberty University March 6, 2021 I am from Charlotte, North Carolina. I graduated from Liberty University in May 2020 with a Bachelor of Science Degree in U.S. Government, with a concentration in Politics and Policy. I also graduated with a minor in History. I am currently in my second semester of studies in the Master of Arts in Public Policy program. Introduction Marxism is one of the most impactful philosophies in the history of mankind. It refers to the political and economic theories formulated by Karl Marx, a German philosopher who lived from 1818 to 1883. Marx’s most well-known works include the Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital (1859). Marxism initially consisted of the three related ideas of a philosophical anthropology, a theory of history, and a radical economic and political program.1 More specifically, Marx claimed that capitalism is just one stage in the historical progression from inferior economic systems to superior ones. Marx held that every society throughout history has been divided into different social classes which drive conflict. Within the capitalist framework, Marx claimed that society consisted of two classes: the bourgeoisie, or the business class who control the means of production, and the proletariat, or the workers whose labor produces valuable economic goods. In Marx’s view, the bourgeoisie profit at the expense of the proletariat, who they exploit by means of low wages and poor working conditions. As the political and economic inequalities between the upper and working classes continue to grow, Marx predicted that the proletariat would increasingly become alienated from capitalism. -
Participatory Economics & the Next System
Created by Matt Caisley from the Noun Project Participatory Economics & the Next System By Robin Hahnel Introduction It is increasingly apparent that neoliberal capitalism is not working well for most of us. Grow- ing inequality of wealth and income is putting the famous American middle class in danger of becoming a distant memory as American children, for the first time in our history, now face economic prospects worse than what their parents enjoyed. We suffer from more frequent financial “shocks” and linger in recession far longer than in the past. Education and health care systems are being decimated. And if all this were not enough, environmental destruction continues to escalate as we stand on the verge of triggering irreversible, and perhaps cataclys- mic, climate change. yst w s em p e s n s o l s a s i s b o i l p iCreated by Matt Caisley o fromt the Noun Project r ie s & p However, in the midst of escalating economic dysfunction, new economic initia- tives are sprouting up everywhere. What these diverse “new” or “future” economy initiatives have in common is that they reject the economics of competition and greed and aspire instead to develop an economics of equitable cooperation that is environmentally sustainable. What they also have in common is that they must survive in a hostile economic environment.1 Helping these exciting and hopeful future economic initiatives grow and stay true to their principles will require us to think more clearly about what kind of “next system” these initiatives point toward. It is in this spirit -
World Association for Political Economy
World Association for Political Economy WAPE [2006] No.2 WAPE Organization Structure and Member List Chairman Cheng Enfu, administrative deputy director of Academy of Marxism, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; professor and director at Economic Research Center of Shanghai School, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Vice Chairmen 1 David Kotz, professor of economics at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and Research Associate at the Political Economy Research Institute 2 Hiroshi Ohnishi, professor of economics at Graduate School of Kyoto University and a vice-dean of Shanghai Center of Kyoto University Council Members 1 David Kotz, professor of economics at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and Research Associate at the Political Economy Research Institute 2 Wadi’h Halabi, serves on the Economics Commission of the Communist Party USA, and also teaches political economy at the Center for Marxist Education in Cambridge, Massachusetts 1 3 Mehrene Larudee, assistant professor at DePaul University International Studies Program 4 Hiroshi Ohnishi, professor of economics at Graduate School of Kyoto University and a vice-dean of Shanghai Center of Kyoto University 5 Susumu Takenaga, professor of economics at Daitobunka University 6 Arefyev Nikolay, member of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and the State Duma 7 Bessonov Boris, professor of economics at Moscow University of Economics and Business 8 Eike Kopf, German expert of the Central Compilation and Translation Bureau of China 9 Ting Tek-Lee, Vice-president of Frankfurt Branch, Bank of China 10 Ng Hong Chiok, teaches at Cologne University, Germany and Tongji University, Shanghai 11 Simon Mohun, professor of political economy in the School of Business and Management at Queen Mary, University of London 12 Bruce Cronin, professor and director of postgraduate programmes, University of Greenwich Business School 13 Terrence J. -
A Post-Capitalist, Post-Stalinist Social Democracy: Hungary 1956 and 1990
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 11 Issue 2 Article 3 1991 A Post-Capitalist, Post-Stalinist Social Democracy: Hungary 1956 and 1990 Leslie A. Muray Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Eastern European Studies Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Muray, Leslie A. (1991) "A Post-Capitalist, Post-Stalinist Social Democracy: Hungary 1956 and 1990," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 11 : Iss. 2 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol11/iss2/3 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. · .. , A POST-CAPITALIST, POST-STALINIST SOCIAL DEMOCRACY: HUNGARY 1956 and 1990 by Leslie A. Muray Dr. Leslie A, Muray (Episcopalian) is a professor at Lansing Community College in Michigan. Born in Hungary, he came to the U.S.A. as a young boy. He received his Ph.D. degree at Claremont Graduate Theogical School in California. He is the editor of the C.A.R.E.E. Newsletter on the Christian-Marxist Encounter. This paper presented at the "Marxism and Religion" seminar, at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Religion, November 19, 1990. It is rather commonplace to hear that there is no tradition of democracy in Central and Eastern Europe. Focusing on resources provided by history, religion, and certain aspects of Marxist thought for the construction of a non-capitalist, post-Stalinist society in the country of the author's birth, Hungary, I hope to dispel this Western European and North American stereotype in this essay. -
1 Remembering Marx's Secularism* Scholars Engaged in the Critique Of
Remembering Marx’s Secularism* Scholars engaged in the critique of secularism have struggled with the numerous meanings of the secular and its cognates, such as secularism, secularization, and secularity. Seeking coherence in the secular’s semantic excess, they have often elided distinctions between these meanings or sought a more basic concept of the secular that can contain all of its senses (Asad 2003; Taylor 2007; see Weir 2015). Numerous scholars have observed strong similarities between secularism and Protestantism (Fessenden 2007; Modern 2011; Yelle 2013; see McCrary and Wheatley 2017), at times echoing a Christian theological tradition that has long been anti-secular (Taylor 2007; Gregory 2012; see Reynolds 2016). Unlike this anti-secular tradition, the strongest version of the critique of secularism is a critique of the conditions that produce a distinction between secular and religious and a critique of the ways that empire benefits from this distinction. Overcoming a tidy separation between secularism and religion requires fracturing both and reassembling them in new ways that allow messy life to exceed governance (Hurd 2015, 122- 27). Remembering Karl Marx’s secularism provides an opportunity to recover the differences within secularism and its difference from Christianity, but also its odd similarities with religion. This recovery can help refine the critique of secularism and preserve some important tools for improving material conditions. * Joseph Blankholm, Department of Religious Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. E-mail: [email protected]. I owe thanks to several PhD students at the University of California, Santa Barbara for their valuable insights and feedback, including Matthew Harris, as well as the students in my seminar on materialism: Timothy Snediker, Lucas McCracken, Courtney Applewhite, and Damian Lanahan-Kalish. -
Gerald A. Cohen (1941-2009) an Intellectual Journey Through Radical Thought
Gerald A. Cohen (1941-2009) An intellectual journey through radical thought Fabien Tarrit Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne France Abstract: The philosopher Gerald A. Cohen, who once was a Chichele Professor at Oxford University, between 1984 and 2008, died on the 5th of August last year. His thought, known as a radical one and explicitly intended as serving the liberation of humanity, suddenly appeared on the intellectual theatre in 1978 with the publication of Karl Marx‟s Theory of History: A Defence. This book can be seen as doubly original. On the one hand it defends historical materialism on the basis of methodological foundations (analytical philosophy, logical positivism, functional explanation) that are usually known as contradictory with Marx‟s method. On the other hand, it initiated a school of thought, Analytical Marxism, which debate also took on economics, sociology, history… Later, after a long-lasting debate, still in search of intellectual radicalism, he gradually departed from Marx‟s theory, both for theoretical reasons in terms of logical consistency, and for empirical reasons in terms of correspondence between theory and empirical facts. He then gradually turned on theoretical discussions in political philosophy that flourished around John Rawls‟ Theory of Justice. This was not an immediate shift, since beforehand he appropriated the libertarian concept of self-ownership in order to associate it to a Marxist approach. In doing so, he intended, on the basis of John Locke‟s theory, to use a libertarian argument as a tool for critical theory. Cohen then gave up this concept before entering the normative debate around issues on social justice. -
Sing 2018 Tempestuous Affair.Pdf
Muslims and Capitalism – An Uneasy Relationship? Edited by Béatrice Hendrich KULTUR, RECHT UND POLITIK IN MUSLIMISCHEN GESELLSCHAFTEN Herausgegeben von Thomas Bauer, Stephan Conermann, Sabine Damir-Geilsdorf, Gudrun Krämer, Anke von Kügelgen, Eva Orthmann, Anja Pistor-Hatam, Irene Schneider, Reinhard Schulze Band 39 ERGON VERLAG Muslims and Capitalism – An Uneasy Relationship? Edited by Béatrice Hendrich ERGON VERLAG Gedruckt mit freundlicher Unterstützung der Fritz Thyssen Stiftung, Köln Umschlagabbildung: Claudia Bülbül, Feldforschung 2014, AKM Şura, Ort: KA-MU-DER Vakfı Fatih İstanbul Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. © Ergon – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden 2018 Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb des Urheberrechtsgesetzes bedarf der Zustimmung des Verlages. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen jeder Art, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und für Einspeicherungen in elektronische Systeme. Gedruckt auf alterungsbeständigem Papier. Umschlaggestaltung: Jan von Hugo Satz: Thomas Breier www.ergon-verlag.de ISBN 978-3-95650-463-1 (Print) ISBN 978-3-95650-464-8 (ePDF) ISSN 1863-9801 Table of Contents Béatrice Hendrich Introduction: Exalting the Past, Rebelling against the Present, and Struggling for a (Better) Future? ............................................................ -
Of Ernst Bloch Michael Löwy
C The Principle of Hope from Ernst Bloch is undoubtedly one C R R I of the major works of emancipatory thought in the twentieth century. I Romanticism, Marxism S Monumental (more than 1600 pages), it occupied the author for a large S I I S part of his life.Written during his exile in United States, from 1938 to S 1947, it would be reviewed for the first time in 1953 and a second in & & and Religion in the 1959. Following his condemnation as “revisionist” by authorities of the C C R German Democratic Republic, the author eventually left East Germany R I in 1961. I “Principle of Hope” of T T I Nobody had ever written a book like this, stirring in the same I Q breath the visionary pre-Socratic and Hegelian alchemy, the new Q U U Ernst Bloch E Hoffmann, the serpentine heresy and messianism of Shabbataï Tsevi, E Schelling’s philosophy of art, Marxist materialism, Mozart’s operas V V O and the utopias of Fourier. Open a page at random: it is about the man O L. L. 2 of Renaissance, the concept of (material) substance in Parecelse and 2 Jakob Böhme, of the Holy Family in Marx, of the doctrine of knowledge I I S in Giordano Bruno and the book on the Reform of Knowledge of S S Spinoza. The erudition of Bloch is so encyclopedic that very few readers S Michael Löwy U U E are capable of judging the entirety of each theme developed in the three E #1 volumes of the book. -
The Socialist Calculation Debate and New Socialist Models in Light of a Contextual Historical Materialist Interpretation
THE SOCIALIST CALCULATION DEBATE AND NEW SOCIALIST MODELS IN LIGHT OF A CONTEXTUAL HISTORICAL MATERIALIST INTERPRETATION by Adam Balsam BSc [email protected] Supervised by Justin Podur BSc MScF PhD A Major Paper submitted to the Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Environmental Studies York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada December 11, 2020 Table of Contents The Statement of Requirements for the Major Paper ................................................................................. iii Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ iv Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... vi Section I: Introduction, Context, Framework and Methodology .................................................................. 1 Preamble ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Context of this Investigation ................................................................................................................. 5 The Possibilities of Socialist Models .................................................................................................. -
Alternatives to Capitalism Proposals for a Democratic Economy
ALTERNATIVES TO CAPITALISM PROPOSALS FOR A DEMOCRATIC ECONOMY Robin Hahnel Erik Olin Wright CONTENTS Acknowledgements ii Introduction iii Part One 1. The Case for Participatory Economics 2 Robin Hahnel 2. Participatory Economics: A Sympathetic 11 Critique Erik Olin Wright 3. In Defence of Participatory Economics 38 Robin Hahnel Part Two 4. Socialism and Real Utopias 61 Erik Olin Wright 5. Breaking With Capitalism 85 Robin Hahnel 6. Final Thoughts 107 Erik Olin Wright About the authors 121 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Robin would like to thank Mesa Refuge, a writers retreat in Point Reyes Station, California, where he was a resident for two weeks during this last year. ii INTRODUCTION New Left Project Poverty, exploitation, instability, hierarchy, subordination, environmental exhaustion, radical inequalities of wealth and power—it is not difficult to list capitalism’s myriad injustices. But is there a preferable and workable alternative? What would a viable free and democratic free society look like? Alternatives to Capitalism: Proposals for a Democratic Economy presents a debate between two such possibilities: Robin Hahnel’s “participatory economics” and Erik Olin Wright’s “real utopian” socialism. It is a detailed and at times technical discussion that rewards careful engagement. Those who put the effort in will, we hope, find that it illuminates a range of issues and dilemmas of crucial importance to any serious effort to build a better world. Is it worth devoting energy to thinking about alternatives to capitalism? There is a tradition within anti-capitalist politics which thinks not. It is argued that idle speculation distracts from what really matters: the struggles emerging in the here and now, which are the soil from which any emancipatory future will spring. -
RED PLENTY PLATFORMS Nick Dyer-Witheford
CULTURE MACHINE VOL 14 • 2013 RED PLENTY PLATFORMS Nick Dyer-Witheford Introduction: Red Plenty Shortly after the great Wall Street meltdown of 2008, a novel about obscure and remote historical events provided an unexpected node for discussion of the ongoing crisis. Francis Spufford’s Red Plenty (2010) offered a fictionalized account of the failed attempt by Soviet cyberneticians of the 1960s to establish a fully computerized system of economic planning. Mixing historical figures – Leonid Kantorovich, inventor of linear programming equations; Sergei Alexeievich Lebedev, pioneering Soviet computer designer; Nikita Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Communist Party – with imaginary ones, and setting them all in motion through Kremlin corridors, rural collectives, industrial factories and the Siberian science-city of Akademgorodok, Red Plenty succeeded in the unlikely mission of making cybernetic planning a page-turner. But the interest it attracted from economists, computer scientists and political activists was not solely due to its narrative of scientific endeavor and political intrigue; it also owed much to timing. Appearing amidst austerity and unemployment, as the world market still teetered on the brink of collapse, Red Plenty could be interpreted in different ways: a) as a cautionary tale that, recalling Soviet debacles, reminds us capitalism remains the only game in town, even if it has behaved badly (‘There Is No Alternative’); or b) contra- wise, as a recollection of unrealized potentialities, whispering not just the quaint altermondialiste slogan, ‘another world is possible’, but what David Harvey (2010: np) identifies as the more cogent and subversive possibility, that of ‘another communism’. This paper takes Spufford’s novel as a starting point from which to embark on an examination of the computing platforms that would be necessary for a contemporary ‘red plenty’. -
SOCIALISM: the 20TH CENTURY SOCIALISM: the 20TH a September 2011 Festschrift Conference in WORKING
RESEARCH INSTITUTE POLITICAL ECONOMY SOCIALISM: THE 20TH CENTURY AND THE 21ST CENTURY Minqi Li October 2012 Gordon Hall 418 North Pleasant Street This paper was presented as part of Amherst, MA 01002 a September 2011 Festschrift Conference in Phone: 413.545.6355 Fax: 413.577.0261 honor of Thomas Weisskopf. [email protected] www.peri.umass.edu WORKINGPAPER SERIES Number 292 PREFACE This working paper is one of a collection of papers, most of which were prepared for and presented at a fest- schrift conference to honor the life’s work of Professor Thomas Weisskopf of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. The conference took place on September 30 - October 1, 2011 at the Political Economy Re- search Institute, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. The full collection of papers will be published by El- gar Edward Publishing in February 2013 as a festschrift volume titled, Capitalism on Trial: Explorations in the Tradition of Thomas E. Weisskopf. The volume’s editors are Jeannette Wicks-Lim and Robert Pollin of PERI. Since the early 1970s, Tom Weisskopf has been challenging the foundations of mainstream economics and, still more fundamentally, the nature and logic of capitalism. That is, Weisskopf began putting capitalism on trial over 40 years ago. He rapidly established himself as a major contributor within the newly emerging field of radical economics and has remained a giant in the field ever since. The hallmarks of his work are his powerful commitments to both egalitarianism as a moral imperative and rigorous research standards as a means. We chose the themes and contributors for this working paper series, and the upcoming festschrift, to reflect the main areas of work on which Tom Weisskopf has focused, with the aim of extending research in these areas in productive new directions.