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Ten New Species of the Genus Falcileptoneta (Araneae, Leptonetidae) from Korea

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Ten New Species of the Genus Falcileptoneta (Araneae, Leptonetidae) from Korea ISSN 1226-9999 (print) ISSN 2287-7851 (online) 290 Bo Keun Seo Korean J. Environ. Biol. 33(3) : 290~305 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2015.33.3.290 <Review paper> Ten New Species of the Genus Falcileptoneta (Araneae, Leptonetidae) from Korea Bo Keun Seo* Department of Biology, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Korea Abstract - Ten new species of the genus Falcileptoneta are described; Falcileptoneta bifurca n. sp., F. boeunensis n. sp., F. chiakensis n. sp., F. cornuta n. sp., F. digitalis n. sp., F. hansanensis n. sp., F. juwangensis n. sp., F. moakensis n. sp., F. naejangenesis n. sp., and F. unmunensis n. sp. And six species previously known as Leptoneta spiders are transferred to Falcileptoneta as fo11ows; Falcileptoneta coreana (Paik and Namkung, 1969), F. hwanseonensis (Namkung, 1987), F. secula (Namkung, 1987), F. simboggulensis (Paik, 1971), F. yebongsanensis (Kim, Lee and Namkung, 2004), and F. yongdamgulensis (Paik and Namkung, 1969), all n. comb. Keywords: Falcileptoneta, Korea, Leptonetidae, n. comb., new species INTRODUCTION These spiders have the sickle-like embolus tip and the apophyses on the distal palpal tibia, which are not found in The spiders of the family Leptonetidae are small haplo- European Leptoneta, but in Falcileptoneta. gyne spiders, and characterized by a distinctive six-eyed pattern owing to the obsolescence of anterior median eyes. The anterior lateral eyes are contiguous in front as first row, MATERIALS AND METHODS the four posterior eyes are in transverse row (Archolepto- neta) or in strongly procurved row, with the median eyes Specimens were examined and measured using a stereo- placed far back from recurved row of four in front (Lepto- microscope (Leica S8APO, Singapore). Photographs were neta, etc.) (Gertsch 1973). Many species live in caves or in taken with a digital camera (Leica DFC 420) and the images leaf litter. were combined using image stacking software (i-Solution, Leptonetids currently contain 22 genera and 272 species Future Science Co. Ltd., Taejeon, Korea). (World Spider Catalog 2015), and are known from the The abbreviations in the text follow Seo (2014a, b): So- Mediterranean area, North America, and East Asia (Platnick matic morphology - c, carapace length; l, length; w, width. 1986), and seventeen Leptoneta species have been known Leg I, length of leg I; Fem. I, length of femur I; Pat. I, as Korean leptonetids (World Spider Catalog 2015). length of patella; Tib. I, length of tibia I; Met. I, length of While studying specimens collected during the Korean metatarsus I; Tar. I, length of tarsus I; d, p, r and v in leg indigenous species survey, the author identified ten new spination are dorsal, prolateral, retrolateral and ventral Falcileptoneta species belonging to Letonetidae and de- side of leg, respectively. The sequence of leg segments in scribed. In addition, the erroneous generic assignments of measurement data is as follows: total (femur, patella, tibia, six species among the Korean leptonetids were found and metatarsus, tarsus). Eye area - AER, anterior eye row; ALE, they were transferred to Falcileptoneta Komatsu, 1970. anterior lateral eye; ALE-PME, distance between ALE and PME; PER, posterior eye row; PLE, posterior lateral eye; * ‌Corresponding author: Bo Keun Seo, Tel. 053-580-5209, Fax. 053-580-5558, E-mail. [email protected] PLE-PME, distance between PLE and PME; PME, posteri- ⓒ2015. Korean Society of Environmental Biology. Ten New Spider Species from Korea 291 or median eye. tarsi; III, IV p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0-1-0. Abdomen dark brown All measurements in the text are given in millimeters. and oval with a depression anteriorly, and 0.90 long, 0.54 The examined specimens are deposited in the National wide. Palp (Figs. 1A-C, 7A, B): femur without spine; tibia Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Ministry of Envi- with two retrolateral apophyses on distal end, outer one ronment, Korea. spur-like and inner one transparent ampullaceous; tarsus branched slightly, without transverse depression. Palpal bulb with an embolus bearing a sickle-like and bifurcated RESULTS AND DISCUSSION tip and three types of sclerite: prolateral sclerite narrrow- leaf-like; median sclerite blade-like; retrolateral sclerite Order Araneae Clerck, 1757 거미목 transparently membranous. Family Leptonetidae Simon, 1890 잔나비거미과 Female (paratype). Total length 1.52. Carapace 0.72 long, Genus Falcileptoneta Komatsu, 1970 왜잔나비거미속 0.60 wide. Clypeus height 1.6 times of diameter of ALE. AER 0.13, PER 0.16. ALE 0.07, PME 0.05, PLE 0.07, Falcileptoneta bifurca n. sp. 가지잔나비거미 (신칭) ALE-PME 0.08, PLE-PME 0.03. Chelicera with eight pro- (Figs. 1A-D, 6A, 7A, 8A, B) marginal and eight minute retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.47 long, 0.40 wide. Labium 0.08 long, 0.13 wide. Leg mea- Material examined: Holotype: ♂, mixed forest (35°26ʹ surements: I 4.14 (1.10, 0.24, 1.18, 0.88, 0.74), II 3.22 (0.88, 51ʺN, 126°50ʹ44ʺE, alt. 221 m), Bukha-myeon, Jangseong- 0.22, 0.84, 0.68, 0.60), III 2.76 (0.74, 0.22, 0.68, 0.62, 0.50), gun, Jeollanam-do, May 12, 2006, S.Y. Kim. Paratype: IV 3.88 (1.06, 0.22, 1.12, 0.84, 0.64). Palp 1.16 (0.36, 0.14, 1♀, same data as holotype; 10♂♂, 10♀♀, mixed forest 0.26, 0.40). Leg I/c 5.75. Fem. I/c 1.53. Tib I/c 1.64. Met I/ around Sinseong Lake (35°25ʹ43ʺN, 126°50ʹ34ʺE, alt. 131 c 1.22. Pat. I+tib. I/c 1.97. Met. I/tar. I 1.19. Met. IV/tar. m), other data same as holotype. IV 1.31. Leg spination pattern: Tibiae; I v0-1-0; II d1-1; III, Etymology: The specific name comes from the Latin ad- IV d1-1, p0-0-0-1, r0-0-0-1. Metatarsi; I v0-1-0; II~IV p0- jective bifurcus meaning “two-pronged” and refers to the 1-0, r0-1-0, v0-1-0. Abdomen oval, 0.76 long, 0.56 wide. shape of the embolus tip. Internal genitalia; spermatheca oval, and genital duct short, Diagnosis: The male palp of F. bifurca n. sp. is separated apically coiled once (Fig. 1D). from all other Falcileptoneta species by the shape of two Habitat: Mixed forest. apophyses on the distal end of the tibia, and the bifurcated World Distribution: Korea (Jeollanam-do). and sickle-like embolus tip (Fig. 1A-C). Deposition: NIBR. Description: Male (holotype). Total length 1.76. Habitus as Identifier: Bo Keun Seo. in Fig. 6A. Carapace dark brown, and 0.78 long, 0.66 wide; fovea linear, distinct. Clypeus height 1.5 times of diameter Falcileptoneta boeunensis n. sp. 보은잔나비거미 (신칭) of ALE. AER 0.13, PER 0.17. ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE (Figs. 1E-I, 6B, 7B, 8C, D) 0.08, ALE-PME 0.09, PLE-PME 0.04. Chelicera with nine promarginal and ten minute retromarginal teeth. Sternum Material examined: Holotype: ♂, mixed forest near 0.49 long, 0.48 wide. Labium 0.05 long, 0.13 wide. Endite Samga Lake (36°29ʹ58ʺN, 127°51ʹ24ʺE, alt. 279 m), Song- bulged out medially, and a little longer than wide (Fig. 2A). nisan-myeon, Boeun-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, July 4, Leg measurements: I 4.77 (1.28, 0.28, 1.33, 1.08, 0.80), II 2011, T.B. Ryu. Paratype: 1♀, same data as holotype; 3.81 (1.05, 0.28, 1.03, 0.80, 0.65), III 3.21 (0.85, 0.23, 0.80, 1♂, 1♀, mixed forest near Ssanggok Valley (36°45ʹ39ʺN, 0.73, 0.60), IV 4.41 (1.15, 0.23, 1.30, 1.00, 0.73). Palp 1.13 127°53ʹ36ʺE, alt. 304 m), Chilseong-myeon, Goesan-gun, (0.46, 0.16, 0.22, 0.29). Leg I/c 6.45. Fem. I/c 1.73. Tib I/ Chungcheongbuk-do, September 6, 2007, S.Y. Kim. c 1.80. Met I/c 1.46. Pat. I+tib. I/c 2.18. Met. I/tar. I 1.35. Etymology: The specific name comes from the type locali- Met. IV/tar. IV 1.37. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I p1-0. ty, Boeun county. Tibiae; I, II v0-1-0; III, IV d1-1, p0-0-0-1, r0-0-0-1. Meta- Diagnosis: The male palp of F. boeunensis n. sp. is similar 292 Bo Keun Seo A B C D E H F G I Fig. 1. Falcileptoneta bifurca n. sp. (A-D) and Falcileptoneta boeunensis n. sp. (E-I): A, E - male left palp, prolateral view; B, F - male left palp, retrolateral view; C, G - male left palp, tarsus, dorsal view; D, I - female internal genitalia.; H - apophyses of male palpal tibia. Scale lines: 0.1 mm. to that of F. hansanensis n. sp. in the dorsal spurs on the tib- as in Fig. 6B. Carapace brown and 0.66 long, 0.60 wide; ia, but can be distinguished from the latter by the number, fovea linear, distinct. Clypeus height 1.8 times of diameter shape and length of spurs, three retrolateral apophyses on of ALE. AER 0.12, PER 0.14. ALE 0.07, PME 0.05, PLE distal end of tibia, and the protruded distal part of tarsus (Fig. 0.05, ALE-PME 0.08, PLE-PME 0.03. Chelicera with ten 1E-H). promarginal and seven minute retromarginal teeth. Ster- Description: Male (holotype). Total length 1.60. Habitus num 0.46 long, 0.39 wide. Labium 0.07 long, 0.12 wide. Ten New Spider Species from Korea 293 Endite with a nodule and longer than wide (Fig. 7B). Leg ty, Mt. Chiak.
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