Food and the City Info Booklet for the Public Twinning Conference 03.11.2014

FOOD AND THE CITY INFO BOOKLET FOR THE PUBLIC TWINNING CONFERENCE 03.11.2014

r ur al- urb an overlap Imprint Info-Booklet for the Public Twinning Conference Landscape and Agriculture 03.11.2014 © Leibniz Universität Hannover and Regione Lombardia, München 2014 The Copyright for texts und images is reserved by the authors, especially by the City of Munich, the City of Milan and the Province of Milan.

Design: Leibniz Universität Hannover, Jörg Schröder, Lisa Leitgeb Print: Quick Druck München

Universitätsprofessur für Regionales Bauen und Siedlungsplanung, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuserstraße 8, D-30419 Hannover, www.staedtebau.uni-hannover.de

2 CONTENT

Einleitung Introduzione Introduction 4

1. Neue Landwirtschaftsmodelle Nuovi modelli agricoli New farming models 1.1 Stadtgüter München Cascine comunali di Monaco Munich Urban Farms 10 1.2 Städtische Güter in Mailand Le cascine comunali di Milano Milan Urban Farmsteads 14 1.3 Rurale Cluster in Mailand Distretti rurali nell‘area metropolitana di Milano Rural clusters in the Metropolitan Area Milan 18 1.4 Das Allgäu als Marke Allgäu come marchio regionale Regional Branding Allgäu 22

2. Regionale Parks Sistema dei Parchi territoriali Agriculture - Governance models 2.1 Regionale Parks Parchi e sistema rurale-urbano metropolitano Parks and the metropolitan rural-urban system 28 2.2 Grüngürtel München, Regionale Freiräume Il parco anulare di Monaco Munich Green Belt, Regional Open Spaces 30 2.3 Grüngürtel Turin La strategia della corona verde Agriculture and Territorial Governance 34 2.4 Metropolitane Landschaftskonvention München Convenzione metropolitana Metropolitan Landscape Convention 36 2.5 Ländliche Entwicklung und Tourismus Pianificazione territoriale e turismo rurale Rural tourism trail 38

3 Organisatoren und Unterstützer Organizzatori e sostenitori Organizers and Supporters:

• Leibniz Universität Hannover • General Direction for Environment, Energy and Sustanainable Development, Lombardy Region • Europäische Metropolregion München • Landeshauptstadt München, Referat für Stadtplanung und Bauordnung • Landeshauptstadt München, Kommunalreferat, Stadtgüter München • Allgäu GmbH - Tourismus Marke Standort • Regionaler Planungsverband Allgäu • Regionalverband Donau-Iller • und mit dem Architekturmuseum der Technischen Universität München (Pinakothek der Moderne)

Pinakothek der Moderne Central Station

Marienplatz, City Center

Food and the City I 03.NOV. 2014 I 14:00 - 18:30 Pinakothek der Moderne I Munich

4 THEMATIK DER KONFERENZ TEMATICA DELLA CONFERENZA CONFERENCE THEME

Erneuerte Stadt-Land-Beziehungen Agricoltura, paesaggio e ambiente Agriculture, landscape and environ- und regionale Nahrungsversorgung costituiscono gli elementi principali ment are core issues of renewed und sind entscheidende Faktoren della connessione e cooperazione rural-urban cooperations and main für nachhaltige räumliche Entwick- rurale-urbana per lo sviluppo so- tasks for sustainable development. lung, sowie gesellschaftliche und stenibile e sono oggi anche deside- They are also desires of society and kulturelle Wünsche. Die RURBANCE ri sociali e culturali. La conferenza cultural benchmarks. The confer- Konferenz zielt darauf ab, in einen RURBANCE mira a far confrontare ence RURBANCE in Munich aims größeren Kontext auch Themen wie diverse realtà europee su questi atto comparing different European Landschaft, Siedlungsentwicklung, temi con l‘obiettivo di riformulare e experiences in larger contexts of ru- Mobilität und Energie einzubezie- riorganizzare queste nuove forme ral-urban relations with the objective hen, und zu fragen, wie sich neue di cooperazione rurale-urbana in of re-organizing these new forms Formen der Stadt-Land-Kooperati- veri e propri modelli di governance of rural-urban cooperation towards on in Governance-Modellen organi- per lo sviluppo sostenibile integrato new governance models for the sieren lassen. rurale-urbano. sustainable integrated rural-urban develompent.

Die RURBANCE Konferenz in Mün- La conferenza RURBANCE a Mo- The RURBANCE conference in Mu- chen wird von der Leibniz Universi- naco di Baviera è organizzata nich is organized by Leibniz Univer- tät Hannover und der Allgäu GmbH, dall’Università Leibniz di Hannover sität Hannover and Allgäu GmbH, in Zusammenarbeit mit der Europäi- e Allgäu GmbH, in cooperazione in cooperation with EMM European schen Metropolregion München und con EMM (Regione Metropolitana Metropolitan Region Munich and der Landeshauptstadt München Europea di Monaco) e con la Città with the Capital City of Munich, organisiert, gemeinsam mit dem di Monaco, insieme con il capofila together with the Lead Partner of Leadpartner, der Generaldirektion del progetto RURBANCE, la Dire- RURBANCE, the General Directo- für Umwelt, Energie und nachhaltige zione Generale Ambiente, Energia e rate for Environment, Energy and Entwicklung der Region Lombardei Sviluppo Sostenibile della Regione Sustainable Development of the und mit Unterstützung aller Projekt- Lombardia, con il supporto di tutti i Lombardy Region, with the support partner von RURBANCE. partner di progetto. of all project’s partners.

5 Neue Landwirtschaftsmodelle Nuovi modelli agricoli New farming models Eine Neuaufstellung von öffentlichen Nuove configurazioni della gestio- New setups of public farms, their landwirtschaftlichen Höfen, ihre Ver- ne delle cascine comunali, delle networks and branding have taken netzung und Markenbildung haben loro reti e del branding hanno as- a leading role in developing models eine führende Rolle in der Entwicklung sunto un ruolo guida nello sviluppo of multifunctional, sustainable agri- von multifunktionaler und nachhalti- di un’agricoltura multifunzionale e culture and provide perspectives of ger Landwirtschaft übernommen. Sie sostenibile nelle aree metropolita- rural-urban cooperation also on a bieten Perspektiven für Stadt-Land- ne e offrono nuove prospettive per regional scale. The examples from Kooperation auch auf regionaler Ebe- la cooperazione urbano-rurale. Gli Munich and Milan communal farms ne. Die Beispiele städtischer Guts- esempi delle cascine comunali di present good practices to foster betriebe aus München und Mailand Monaco di Baviera e di Milano rap- agriculture as the engine of the sus- zeigen, wie regionale Landwirtschaft presentano buone pratiche per pro- tainable development in the entire gefördert werden kann. Thematische muovere l‘agricoltura quale motore regions. Kooperationspartner: Stadt Mailand, dello sviluppo sostenibile nelle aree Provinz Mailand metropolitane.

Regionale Landwirtschaftsparks - Sistema dei parchi territoriali - Agriculture and parks - Governance-Modelle modelli di governance Governance models Als wichtige Teile regionaler Identi- Come importante componente di As important parts of regional iden- täten und als Beitrag zu territorialer identità territoriale e di resilienza, il tities and of territorial resilience, ag- Resilienz werden Agrarlandschaften paesaggio agricolo nelle aree me- ricultural landscapes in Milan and im Umland von Mailand und Mün- tropolitane di Milano e di Monaco Munich, in the metropolitan cores chen weiterentwickelt, als innovative di Baviera ha conosciuto innovativi and in rural areas, are being devel- und partizipative Vorbildprojekte. Ein modelli di tutela e di integrazione nel oped in an innovative and participa- neues Gleichgewicht zwischen Land- contesto urbano. Un nuovo equili- tive way. New balances are found wirtschaft und Umweltschutz, Freizeit brio è stato creato tra agricoltura, between agriculture, environmental und Erholung, Stadtklima und Klima- tutela ambientale, tempo libero e ri- values and protection, leisure and schutz kann so in Zukunft geschaffen creazione, connessioni ecologiche, recreation, ecological networks and werden. e mitigazione del cambiamento cli- mitigation of climate change. matico.

6 DATEN DER KONFERENZ DATI DELLA CONFERENZA CONFERENCE DATA

Pilotgebiete Aree pilots Pilot areas

03.NOV. 2014 14:00 - 18:30 MUNICH, PINAKOTHEK DER MODERNE ERNST VON SIEMENS-AUDITORIUM

1 Twinning Event Urban Farms cooperation partners from Italy and Germany: Lombardy Region, City of Milan, Province of Milan, Consortium of the Milan Rural Disctict, City of Munich, European Metropolitan Region of Munich, Allgäu GmbH

2 Twinning Event Territorial Planning and Governance cooperation partners from Italy, Germany, France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia: Lombardy Region, City of Milan, Province of Milan, Consortium of the Milan Rural Disctict, City of Munich, European Metropolitan Region of Munich, Allgäu GmbH, et. al.

7 Photo: Klaus Leidorf für Landraum NEUE LANDWIRTSCHAFTSMODELLE NUOVI MODELLI AGRICOLI NEW FARMING MODELS 1.1 STADTGÜTER MÜNCHEN 1.1 MUNICH URBAN FARMS Dr. Alfons Bauschmid, Kommunalreferat der Landeshauptstadt München

davon verpachtet Erwerb der StadtBiobetrieb Fläche in ha leased Acquisition Organic fram Area in hectares 1 1961 217 98 2 1965 392 120 3 1980 283 16 4 1944 450 66 5 1921 150 15 6 1899 333 37 7 1979 354 136 8 1962 161 90 9 1980 171 23 10 1993 38 -

1 Gut Beigarten Schwerpunkte: Futterversorgung des Tierparks und Kompostierung Focus: food supply of animal parks and composting 2 Gut Buchhof Schwerpunkte: Kleegras, Getreide und Leguminosen Focus: clover grass, cereals and legumes 4 3 Gut Delling 10 Schwerpunkte: Kleegras, Getreide und Getreideaufbereitung 7 Focus: clover grass, grain and grain processing 6 4 Gut Dietersheim Schwerpunkte: ökolog. Ausgleichsflächen, Raps 5 Focus: ecological compensation areas, rape 5 Gut Großlappen Schwerpunkte: Getreide und Raps Focus: grain and rape

6 Gut Karlshof 8 Schwerpunkte: Silomais, Getreide, Ochsenmast und Biogas Focus: silage corn, grain, fattening ox and biogas 7 Gut Obergrashof Schwerpunkte: Grünland und Landschaftspflegekonzept Focus: grassland and landscape management concept 8 Gut Riem 3 Schwerpunkte: Getreide, Krautgärten, Ackerbau und Umweltpädagogik Focus: Grain, herb gardens, agriculture and environmental education 9 Gut Schorn

Schwerpunkte: Getreide, Mais und Kleegras 2 Focus: Cereals, maize and clover grass 10 Gut Zengermoos 1 Schwerpunkte: Kleegras Focus: clover grass

10 Stadtgüter München · Munich Urban Farms

Die Gutsbetriebe der Stadt München Munich Urban Farms

Bereits vor 100 Jahren begann die Stadt München More than 100 years ago the City of Munich began mit dem Gut Karlshof Ackerland zu erwerben. Heute acquiring farmland, with the farm Karlshof, in or- bestehen die Stadtgüter München aus zehn Guts- der to procure future development terrain or fields betrieben mit einer Gesamtfläche von etwa 2.500 to exchange for such. Today the Munich Urban Hektar in und um München. Farms comprehend 10 facilities with 2.500 ha in and around Munich. Die städtischen Güter sind überwiegend Ackerbau- betriebe, die bestrebt sind, durch flächendeckende The Urban Farms are mainly focussed on crop culti- Extensivierung eine ökologisch verträgliche Land- vation, oriented towards ecological agriculture. This wirtschaft zu betreiben. Inzwischen wirtschaften includes also extensivation. Seven of ten farms are sieben Betriebe nach den Richtlinien des ökologi- already working according to ecological principles, schen Landbaus und sind anerkannten Anbauver- and are member of renowened associations for eco- bänden angeschlossen. Mit der Einführung der Mar- logical agriculture. With the introduction of the brand ke „Stadtgüter München“ wurde die Kommunikation „Stadtgüter München“ communication and visibility und Sichtbarkeit der Güter gestärkt. of the farms has been strenghtened.

Warum betreibt die Stadt München Landwirtschaft? Why in general the City is engaged in agriculture? • Grundstücksvorratspolitik • Land stock policy • Erzeugung gesunder Lebensmittel • Production of healthy food • Vorbildfunktion für private Landwirtschaft • Exemplary approaches for private agriculture • Gestaltung der Kulturlandschaft • re-forming cultural landscapes • Angebot umweltpädagogischer Projekte, • offer of education programmes Kooperationen mit Schulen • supporting producer-customer relations in food • Förderung des Dialogs Erzeuger – Verbraucher production

11 Stadtgüter München · Munich Urban Farms

Projekte der Stadtgüter Projects of the Urban Farms

Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien Renewable energy production

Verkauf von Marktfrüchten und Futtermitteln Sale of market products and feed

Hofladen Gut Karlshof Shop at the farm Karlshof

Krautgärten „Krautgärten“ Hofbesuche am Gut Riem Farm visits on the farm Riem

Ökologische Ausgleichsflächen Ecological compensation areas

Daten Stadtgüter / Data of urban farms:

• 10 Betriebe 10 farms • Betriebsfläche: 2500 ha Area: 2500 ha • 1700ha Eigenbewirtschaftung 1700ha self-management • 900ha ökologische Bewirtschaftung 900ha ecologic • Tierhaltung: 500 Ochsen (Gut Karlshof) 500 oxes • ca. 130ha ökologischer Ausgleichsflächen ca.130ha ecological compensation areas • Kompostierung composting Märkte / Markets • 2 landwirtschaftliche Brennereien 2 agricultural distilleries

12 Stadtgüter München · Munich Urban Farms

Landwirtschaft in der Stadt München Agriculture in the City of Munich

Heute gibt es in München insgesamt rund 100 land- In Munich actually ca. 100 farms with ca. 5.000 ha wirtschaftliche Vollerwerbsbetriebe mit einer Nutzflä- land are running. The comunal owned land - be- che von circa 5.000 Hektar. Die städitschen Flächen cause cultivated by the Urban Farms - can easily darunter stehen durch Eigenbewirtschaftung jeder- be transformed to comunal uses (housing, industial zeit für kommunale Nutzungen (z.B.: für Wohnungs- parks, ecological balance areas). bau, Gewerbeflächen, aber auch als ökologische Multifuntional agriculture especially in this urban Ausgleichsflächen) zur Verfügung. frame defines farms not only as producers of raw Die multifunktionale Landwirtschaft sieht landwirt- materials and food, but also as decisive actors to schaftliche Betriebe nicht mehr ausschließlich als sustain and form cultural landscapes. Produzenten von Rohstoffen und Lebensmitteln, sondern als wichtigen Garanten für die Erhaltung Field of conflicts: agriculture - environment pro- und Gestaltung der Kulturlandschaft. tection - leiusre demands Spannungsfeld: Landwirtschaft - Naturschutz - Naherholung Munich Krautgärten Münchner Krautgärten The the special form of allotment gardens (Krautgär- In den Münchner Krautgärten können die Bürger der ten) in Munich invites citizens to grow and harvest Stadt Gemüse selber ziehen und ernten. Das Gut by themselves. The Urban Farm Riem prepares the Riem übernimmt Vorbereitung und einen Teil der plantations and partially seeds (with colloaboration Erstbepflanzung, jede Parzelle hat aber auch einen of local farmers), each parcel that can be annually offenen Bereich für eigenen Ideen zur Bepflanzung. rented also offers a part for own planting. The Kraut- Da die Krautgärten jährlich neu vergeben werden, gärten can only be rented for one year, their ecologi- antwortet ihr ökologischer Anbau auf Wünsche nach cal approach responds to demands of engagement Engagement und Flexibilität gleichzeitig. and flexibilty at the same time.

13 1.2 LE CASCINE COMMUNALI DI MILANO 1.2 MILAN URBAN FARMSTEADS DG Ambiente, Energia e Sviluppo Sostenibile, Regione Lombardia

14 Cascine Communali · Milan Urban Farmsteads

Le cascine pubbliche di Milano The public farmsteads in Milan

A Milano ci sono 62 cascine di proprietà comunale In Milan there are 66 municipal farmsteads which che rappresentano esempi di architettura agricola represent the local rural architecture and its great lombarda di grande valore storico, culturale e am- historical, cultural and landscape value. bientale. Over the years, some of these farmsteads have Negli anni, alcune di queste cascine sono state in- been absorbed in the urban pattern due to the city globate nel tessuto urbano dallo sviluppo della cit- sprawl, other are still located in rural areas or parks. tà, altre si trovano invece ancora in aree agricole o all’interno di parchi. Historically, the identity of the Milan farmsteads is connected with the dwellings, the farming and the Storicamente, l’identità delle cascine milanesi è le- feeding but more recently other callings arose. gata all’abitare, all’agricoltura e all’alimentazione, negli anni recenti a queste vocazione se ne sono Many farmsteads have been restored and revitalized aggiunte altre. by NGOs, cooperative, citizens associations for the Molte cascine milanesi sono state recuperate e te- offer of social and cultural services to the citizens: nute in vita da soggetti del terzo settore e associazi- oni di cittadini che al loro interno hanno trovato spazi • homeless shelters, per ospitare attività sociali e culturali di diverso tipo e • day cares, servizi per i cittadini: • educational centers, • centri di accoglienza • art guild, • comunità di alloggio e cura • cultural and leisure centers. • centri sociali • spazi per la cultura, l’arte e la didattica • spazi per il tempo libero

15 Cascine Communali · Milan Urban Farmsteads

Sistema delle cascine pubbliche di Milano Public farmsteads’ system in Milan

Aziende agricole Farms 13

Strutture di accoglienza, cura e integrazione sociale 10 Usi multipli Homeless, daycare and social integration centres * Various uses

Uffici pubblici comunali Municipal offices 12 Usi multipli * Various uses Centri didattici e culturali Educational and cultural centres 7

Ristoranti Restaurants 2 Usi multipli Abbandonate o in disuso (alcuni progetti di recupero in corso) 35 * Various uses Abandoned or disused (some recovering projects ongoing)

Uso residenziale (in corso o in progetto) 14 Usi multipli Residential use (ongoing or planned) * Various uses

Una cascina di Milano A farmstead in Milan © Matteo Pozzetti

16 Cascine Communali · Milan Urban Farmsteads

Non tutte delle cascine pubblice sono anche attivo Not all of the public farms are also active in agri- nella produzione agricola. cultural production. Le cascine comunali con attività agricola ci sono: The public farmsteads with farms are:

1. Cascina Basmetto Colture: Mais, riso / Farming: Corn, rice. Altre attività: attività didattico-educative per disabili / Other activites: Education for disableds 2. Cascina Caldera Colture: Bosco, orto, prato polifita / Farming: Wood, vegetable garden, meadow grass. Altre attività: attività didattiche, accoglienza minori / Other activites: Education, foster care 3. Cascina Campazzo Colture: mais, frumento, allevamento bovino / Farming: Corn, wheat, cattle breeding. Altre attività/Other activites: attività ricreative culturali / Other activites: Recreational and cultural activities 4. Cascina Cavriana Colture: Orzo, piante orticole, prato polifita, apicoltura / Farming: Barley, vegetables, meadow grass, beekeeping 5. Cascina Cavriano Colture: Orzo, frumento, avena, mais, prato stabile, ortaggi, frutta / Farming: Barley, wheat, oat, corn, vegetables, meadow grass, fruits. Altre attività: agriturismo / Other activites: agritourism 6. Cascina Grande di Chiaravalle Colture: Bosco, grano, mais, prato polifita/ Farming: Wood, wheat, corn, meadow grass. Altre attività: agriturismo, equitazione / Other activites: agritourism, riding 7. Cascina Isola Nuova Floricoltura / Floriculture 8. Cascina Merezzate Floricoltura / Floriculture 9. Cascina Molinello Colture: orzo, frumento, riso, allevamento bovino / Farming: barley, wheat, rice, cattle breeding 10. Cascina Rizzardi Colture: cereali, foraggi, allevamento bovino / Farming: Grains, forage, cattle breeding. Altre attività: agriturismo, attività ricreative culturali / Other activites: Agritourism, recreational and cultural activities 11. Cascina San Gregorio Vecchio Colture: cereali, allevamento bovino / Farming: grains, cattle breeding 12. Cascina Sora Colture: cereali, allevamento bovino / Farming: grains, cattle breeding Altre attività: attività didattiche e ricreative, ippoturismo / Other activites: Educational and recreational activities, equine tourism 13. Cascina Tre Ronchetti Colture: Mais, riso / Farming: Corn, rice

17 1.3 DISTRETTI RURALI NELL´AREA METROPOLITANA DI MILANO 1.3 RURAL CLUSTERS IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA MILAN DG Ambiente, Energia e Sviluppo Sostenibile, Regione Lombardia

Inquadramento territoriale di area vasta: gli elementi di lunga durata Inquadramento territoriale di area vasta: gli elementi di lunga durata

Fascia alta pianura asciutta Dry Plain

Fascia della bassa pianura irrigua Watered Plain

Boschi Woods

Sistema principale delle acque Water System

Tracciati territoriali, rete delle cittá e dei nuclei minori Network of Cities and Villages

Riconstruzione delle centuriazi- oni nella fase di completamento dell´insedia mento romano Recreation of the Roman Cen- turiation

18 Distretti Rurali · Rural Clusters Milan

Il sistema territoriale The territorial system

Il territorio è caratterizzato da una parte di alta pia- The area is characterized by a northern dry plain and nura asciutta e da una parte di bassa pianura irrigua a southern watered plain included in the fountain- compresa totalmente nella fascia dei fontanili (sor- heads zone (natural and artificial springs); this is a re- genti naturali e artificiali), luogo di insediamenti um- gion of thousand-year old settlements thanks to the ani plurimillenari per la straordinaria abbondanza di great abundance of groundwater and surface water acque, superficiali e sotterranee, che ne fanno una which favored the generation of one of the most fer- delle pianure più fertili a livello mondiale. tile soil in the world.

Le cascine sono riconducibili a due tipologie fonda- In this area there are two typologies of farmsteads: mentali: In the southern plain, the big mono-farm farmstead Nella bassa pianura, la grande cascina a corte mo- with courtyard: several buildings surround an open noaziendale: più fabbricati disposti intorno a corti or closed courtyard, the central building host the far- chiuse o aperte, con un edificio centrale del proprie- mer and the others host the farm hands or the farm tario o affittuario e gli altri edifici destinati ai lavoratori buildings. e i rustici. In the northern plain, the smaller multi-farm farm- Nell’alta pianura, la cascina a corte pluriaziendale, stead with separated areas per each settler. con edifici più alti, spazi più raccolti e differenziati per ogni colono. The farmsteads system, mainly localized around the city of Milan (east, south and west), is made of Il sistema delle cascine è concentrato prevalente- about 500 farmsteads and 36.000 ha UAA. mente nella pianura irrigua a est, sud e ovest di Mi- lano che comprende ca 500 cascine con 36.000 ha di SAU.

19 Distretti Rurali · Rural Clusters Milan

Ambiti di collaborazione tra i distretti rurali, la Regione Lom- bardia, la Provincia di Milano e il Comune di Milano Collaboration fields among the rural districs, Lombardy Regi- on, Province of Milan and City of Milan

Potenziamento e miglioramento del sistema irriguo Consolidation and improvement of the waterways for irrigation

Riqualificazione e valorizzazione paesistico-ambientale Environmental and landscape valorization

© Provincia di Milano, Elabora- Miglioramento fondiario Distretti rurali in Provincia di Milano zione di / Elaborated by Marco Rural districts in the province of Milan Besozzi, Fausto Moretti Rural land and estate improvement

Innovazione di prodotto, di processo e di filiera Product, process and supply chain innovation

Multifunzionalità Multifunctionality

Valorizzazione e promozione del territorio e della cultura rurale Promotion and valorization of the rural territory and heritage

Consolidamento della strategia di sviluppo urbano-rurale © Piano Strategico del DAM/ DAM Strenghtening of the strategy for the urban-rural development Il Distretto Agricolo Rurale Milanese Strategic Plan, 2011 – Elaborazione di/ The Rural District of Milan (DAM) Elaborated by arch. Valentina Dotti

20 Distretti Rurali · Rural Clusters Milan

I distretti rurali The rural districts

Nell’area metropolitana milanese i sistemi produttivi In the Milan metropolitan area agriculture has an ho- sono caratterizzati da un‘identità storica e territoriale mogeneous territorial identity that has fostered the omogenea che ha favorito la nascita di 4 “distretti creation of 4 “Rural Districts”: rurali”: • the Milan Rural District (DAM), • il Distretto agricolo milanese (DAM), • the Olona Valley Rural District (DAVO), • il Distretto agricolo Valle Olona (DAVO) • the Three Waters Rural District (DINAMO) and the • il Distretto neorurale delle tre acque (DINAMO) e • Rise and Frogs Rural District. • il Distretto agricolo riso e rane. The districts aim at integrating the existing economic I distretti fanno leva sull’integrazione fra le attivi- activities for a collaborative growth and a sharing of tà economiche presenti e mirano ad una cresci- knowledge and resources by nurturing the multi- ta collaborativa e ad una condivisione di risorse e functional aspects of agriculture: food production, conoscenze, valorizzando così i profili multifunzi- environment protection, valorization of the cultural onali dell’agricoltura, integrando la salvaguardia heritage and the traditions. dell’ambiente, della cultura e delle tradizioni locali. Particularly, DAM consists of the rural areas inside In particolare, il DAM comprende le aree a prevalen- the administrative boundaries of the City of Milan. te uso agricolo situate all’interno del confine ammi- nistrativo del Comune di Milano. Although the agricultural areas have been fragmen- Anche se la continuità degli ambiti agricoli è interrot- ted by the urban development alongside the radial ta dallo sviluppo urbano lungo delle direttrici radiali, directrixes, the size of the district is still about 4.000 l’estensione del distretto è di ca 4.000 ha (22% del ha (22% of the city territory). territorio comunale).

21 1.4 DAS ALLGÄU ALS MARKE 1.4 REGIONAL BRANDING ALLGÄU Klaus Fischer, Allgäu GmbH

Dachmarke Allgäu Allgäu Brand Heterogene „Landschaft“ von Initiativen und Marken Heterogeneous „landscape“ of initiatives and Brands

Regensburg

Stuttgart Ingolstadt

Füssen

Ulm Augsburg

DEU München

Memmingen Rosenheim

Bad Tölz Salzburg Friedrichshafen Kempten

Basel Bregenz Zürich Innsbruck AUT CH

ITA © LUH / Allgäu GmbH

22 Marke Allgäu · Regional Branding Allgäu

Die Marke Allgäu The brand Allgäu

Die Allgäuer Landschaft ist geprägt durch deren The landscape of the Allgäu region has and is been landwirtschaftliche Nutzung. Die durch Milchpro- shaped and is sustained by agriculture. duktion produzierten und unterhaltenen Landschaf- The green meadows with the Allgäu cows are di- ten (grüne Wiesen mit Allgäuer Kühen) sind für den rectly connected with the prealpine „milk belt“, and Standortfaktor Allgäu extrem wichtig, da sie identi- are decisively for regional identies and economic tätsstiftend sind. Dies betrifft hauptsächlich die Be- positioning, in tourism and in economic sectors in reiche Tourismus und Wirtschaft. general.

Etwa 200 Betriebe haben sich zur „Marke Allgäu“ Ca. 200 farms are organized in the „Allgäu brand“, zusammengeschlossen, die im Jahr 2008 ins Leben starting in 2006. They not only advertise one of gerufen wurde. Das blaue Logo vermarktet nicht nur Germany‘s best tourism regions, but connect di- eine Tourismusregion, sondern verbindet Hersteller, rectly producers, refiners and consumers - creating Bauern und Verbraucher – ein einzigartiges Projekt a unique product. in Bayern. The brand Allgäu is a copyright and trademark pro- Die Dachmarke Allgäu ist eine urheber- und marken- tected word and design mark, the owner of this rechtlich geschützte Wortbild-Marke, Eigentümerin brand is the Allgäu GmbH. She is eager to provide dieser Marke ist die Allgäu GmbH. Sie ist um einen holistic visual appearance of the Allgäu. ganzheitlichen visuellen Auftritt des Allgäus bemüht. The aim of the overall branding strategy of Allgäu Ziel der Dachmarkenstrategie ist es, eine größere is defined to provide increased visibility and easier Plakativität und leichtere Lesbarkeit zu schaffen. access to the products.

23 Marke Allgäu · Regional Branding Allgäu

Europäische Metropolregion München Einwohner Inhabitants: 5.600.000 Fläche Area (km2): 23.806 km2 Dichte Density: 235 E/km2 Anzahl der Landkreise / Städte Rural districts / Cities: 31 Ackerflächen Cropland: 32,32% Grünland Grassland: 20,07% Wälder Wood: 27,02% EMM

Allgäu GmbH: Einwohner Inhabitants: 644.571 Fläche (km2) Area (km2): 4.649 km2 Dichte Density: 139 E/km2 Anzahl der Landkreise / Städte Rural districts / Cities: 7 Ackerflächen Cropland: 2,89% Grünland Grassland: 48,37%

ALL Wälder Wood: 22,38%

Allgäu GmbH + E. Metropolregion München Einwohner Inhabitants: 6.068.847 Fläche (km2) Area (km2): 27.060 km2 Dichte Density: 224 E/km2 Anzahl der Landkreise / Städte Rural districts / Cities: 36 Ackerflächen Cropland: 30,01% Grünland Grassland: 19,29% Wälder Wood: 27,42%

ALL + EMM © LUH (anhand der Daten von CORINE Land Cover 2006)

24 Marke Allgäu · Regional Branding Allgäu

Ausgangssituation und Herausforderung: Situation and Challenges:

Das Allgäu ist umgeben von drei starken Metropol- The Allgäu region is situated in between the metro- regionen: München, Zürich und Stuttgart. politan areas of Munich, Zurich and Stuttgart - and is Zentrale Frage: Bewahrung der Eigenständigkeit organizing itself in the frame of Allgäu GmbH as „ru- oder Anschluss an die Metropolregion München? ral metropolitan region“. One of the actual questions are the direct and indirect relations to the European Ergebnis aus Konferenzen und Beratungen: Metropolitan Region Munich.

• Das Allgäu soll eigenständig bleiben und zentral Resumee of strategic conferences and workshops: vermarktet werden. > Gründung der Allgäu GmbH • The Allgäu region should act independently and • Festlegung der weiteren Vorgehensweise unter create a stronger identity and branding (therefor Einbindung aller Akteure der Region: Wie wollen Allgäu GmbH has been founded) wir uns als Region positionieren? Wie erreichen wir • Definition of further actions including regional sta- dieses Ziel (Organisation, benötigtes Budget etc.)? keholders: How the region can be positioned? How • Operationalisierung der Strategie mit Hilfe eines this goal can be reached? Managementhandbuches: Beinhaltet Tourismus-, • How the regional strategy can be operationa- Marken- und Standortstrategie. lized? A management guidebook enfolds a com- • Markenstrategie als zentrales Element der Ver- prehensive tourism, branding, and positioning marktung und Positionierung: Ziel: Von der reinen strategy. Herkunftsmarke zur Qualitätsmarke! • Branding strategy as core of marketing and posi- • Nutzenversprechen, Qualitätsversprechen und tioning. Aim: form a brand of quality. Preisniveau: Die Marke Allgäu löst beim Betrachter • Promises of use, quality, and prize: The Allgäu Emotionen und die richtigen Assoziationen aus: brand evokes emotions and secures assets, such

25 26 Photo: Klaus Leidorf für Landraum REGIONALE PARKS SISTEMA DEI PARCHI TERRITORIALI AGRICULTURE - GOVERNANCE MODELS 2.1 PARCHI E SISTEMA RURALE-URBANO METROPOLITANO 2.1 PARKS AND THE METROPOLITAN RURAL-URBAN SYSTEM DG Ambiente, Energia e Sviluppo Sostenibile, Regione Lombardia

il sistema dei parchi nell’area metropolitana milanese the parks system in the Milan metropolitan area © Regione Lombardia

28 Sistema dei Parchi · Sistem of Parks

Il Sistema dei Parchi The sistem of parks

Nel sistema metropolitano milanese insistono diversi In the Milan metropolitan system there are different tipi di parchi che concorrono alla tutela dell’ambiente kinds of parks which contribute to the environment e della biodiversità, alla valorizzazione del paesag- and biodiversity protection, the landscape valorizati- gio, al mantenimento degli spazi aperti. on, the open land maintenance.

I parchi regionali (Parco del Ticino, Parco Adda Nord, The Regional parks (The Ticino park, the North Parco Nord Milano) interessano vaste aree a cui la Adda Park, the North Milan Park) affect wide are- Regione Lombardia riconosce un fondamentale va- as to which Lombardy Region attributes a crucial lore ecologico, paesistico e fruitivo. ecological, landscape and touristic value. The su- I parchi sovracomunali sono costituiti in accordo tra pra-municipal parks are founded on the basis of a diversi Comuni per la gestione condivisa di aree om- covenant among the municipalities in order to esta- ogenee d’interesse ambientale. blish a join management of homogeneous areas of environmental interest. Il Parco Agricolo Sud Milano, attualmente gestito dalla Provincia di Milano, è una vasta area in cui la The Rural Park South Milan, currently managed by tutela del territorio coniuga le funzioni ambienta- the Province of Milan, is a wide rural area in which li ed ecologiche con le funzioni produttive e sociali the safeguard of the territory combines the environ- dell’agricoltura periurbana secondo un modello pro- mental and ecological functions with the production duttivo e insediativo sostenibile. and social functions of the peri-urban agriculture ac- Questa ricchezza potrà essere ulteriormente valo- cording to a sustainable production and settlement rizzata consolidando la governance del sistema dei model. This richness can be further commended parchi verso una visione unitaria di parco metropo- reinforcing the governance of the parks system to- litano. wards a metropolitan vision.

29 2.2 GRÜNGÜRTEL MÜNCHEN, REGIONALE FREIRÄUME 2.2 MUNICH GREEN BELT, REGIONAL OPEN SPACES Referat für Stadtplanung und Bauordnung, Landeshauptstadt München

Der Münchner Grüngürtel umschließt die Stadt auf einer Länge von etwa 70 Kilometern.

La cintura verde circonda la cittá in un percorso lungo 70 chilometri.

30 Güngürtel München · Munich Green Belt

Münchner Grüngürtel Green Belt Munich

Als Münchner Grüngürtel werden die nicht bebau- The Green Belt Munich has been defined as open ten Freiräume am Stadtrand von München und im spaces at the city border of Munich and in the adjoi- Übergangsbereich zu den Nachbargemeinden be- ning municipalities. zeichnet. It consists of ca. 335 ha of mostly agricultural land, Der Münchner Grüngürtel umfasst ca. 335 km² but comprehends also parts of vernacular lands- Fläche, die traditionell überwiegend auch landwirt- capes, as woods in the west and south, the rena- schaftlich genutzt wird. Es finden sich jedoch auch turalized Isar river with gravel banks and meadows, wertvolle, noch erhaltene Teile der ursprünglichen the vast heath areas in the north, and moss lands- Landschaft: die Wälder im Westen und Süden, capes in the west and north. die teilweise renaturierte Isar mit ihren Kiesbänken und Auenbereichen, die weiten, blütenreichen Hei- The Green Belt constitutes an important and popu- degebiete im Norden sowie die Mooslandschaften lar space of leisure for 2,5 Mio inhabitants. Also for im Westen und Norden. Nicht zu vergessen - der this reason the role of the Green Belt for the metro- Münchner Grüngürtel ist für zweieinhalb Millionen politan development will increase. Bürgerinnen und Bürger ein überaus beliebter Nah- erholungsraum. Auch deshalb kommt dem Münch- Aim of the Green Belt is a balanced relation of agri- ner Grüngürtel eine in Zukunft wachsende Bedeu- culture, leisure and environment protection. tung zu.

Ziel des Grüngürtelprojekts ist ein gleichberechtigtes Nebeneinander von Landwirtschaft, Naherholung und Naturschutz!

31 Güngürtel München · Munich Green Belt

Projekte im Grüngürtel Projects in the Green Belt

Weidefleisch Production of meat

Kartoffeln Potatoes

Kräuterheu Herb hay

Naturschutz nature conservation

Biotopentwicklungsflächen Pilotprojekt Eschenrieder Moos Daten / Data: Münchner Ökokonto: Extensivierungs- und Renaturierungsmaß- nahmen durch Beeinträchtigungen der Bauindustrie • Fläche: 335 km² Area: 335 km² 28 Flächen, 67 ha • Vegetation: landwitsch.Fl., Wald, Rasen, Auen Vegetation: Agriculture, Wood, Grass, Wetlands • Naherholungsraum für 2,5 mio Bürger Biotope development sites Recreation Areas for 2,5 mio citizens Pilot project „Eschenrieder Moos“ • privates Beratungsteam private consultation team Munich eco-account: extensification and restoration measures • ca 100 landwirtschaftliche Vollerwerbsbetriebe by impairment of the construction industry circa 100 agricultural Full-time farms 28 areas, 67 ha

32 Güngürtel München · Munich Green Belt

Das Grüngürtelprojekt The Green Belt Project

Die Stadt München setzt sich seit Mitte der 1990er The City of Munich since the 1990ies is engaged Jahre verstärkt dafür ein, die bäuerliche Kulturland- in securing agricultural landscapes around the city. schaft im Umfeld der Stadt zu erhalten. Sie unter- Farmes are involed in measures of landscape main- breitet auch privaten Landwirten Angebote, zum tenance, initiatives of direct marketing, or in provi- Beispiel durch Übernahme von Landschaftspflege- ding land for the Krautgärten initiative, in order to maßnahmen, durch Initiativen zur Direktvermarktung protect farms and landscape. oder durch Bereitstellung von Ackerflächen für die „Münchner Kraurgärten“, um die Betriebe und da- More than 30 farms are direct partners in the Green mit die Kulturlandschaft zu erhalten. Mehr als 30 Belt project and direct markting of their products. private Landwirte beteiligen sich an dem Münchner With the maintenance of 123 ha ecological balan- Grüngürtel-Projekt und vermarkten ihre Produkte di- ce land the Munich Urban Farms contribute to the rekt. Durch die Pflege von 123 Hektar Ausgleichs- balancing of increasing soil and nature use in the flächen tragen die Stadtgüter München (SgM) zum metropolitan area. Private farms that are involved in Ausgleich für Eingriffe in Natur und Landschaft bei. maintenance take advantage from this strategy. Davon profitieren auch die privaten Landwirte, die diese Pflegemaßnahmen übernehmen. Aims of the Green Belt: • support for sustainable and ecological agriculture Ziele: • support for direct marketing of regional products • Förderung naturnaher, nachhaltiger Landwirtschaft with high qualities • Unterstützung bei der Direktvermarktung: • involvement of farms in landscape maintenance Förderung regionaler Qualitätsprodukte • involvement in special projects (Krautgärten, eco • Einbindung der Landwirte in die Landschaftspflege logical balancing account, etc) • Unterstützung bei Sonderprojekten (z. B. Kraut- gärten, Ökokonto,...)

33 2.3 LA STRATEGIA DELLA CORONA VERDE 2.3 AGRICULTURE AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNANCE Dipartimento Programmazione Strategica, Politiche Territoriali ed Edilizia, Regione Piemonte

Disegno strategico della Corona Verde Strategic plan of the Corona Verde

34 Corona Verde · Agriculture and Territorial Governance

Agricoltura e governance territoriale: Agricolture and territorial governance: il progetto strategico Corona Verde the strategic plan Corona Verde

Corona Verde è un progetto strategico a regia regi- Corona Verde is a strategic project with a regional onale che interessa l’area metropolitana e la collina direction that affects the metropolitan area and the torinese. hill of Turin. Sono coinvolti 93 comuni, compresi quelli del Ci- 93 municipalities are involved, including those of Ci- riacese, Territorio di Progetto di RURBANCE. riacese, Territory of the Project of RURBANCE.

Corona Verde intende realizzare un’infrastruttura Corona Verde intends to implement a green infra- verde che integri la Corona di Delitie delle Residenze structure that integrates the Crown Royal Residen- Reali con la cintura verde, rappresentata dal patri- ces Delitie with the green belt, represented by the monio naturale dei parchi metropolitani, dei fiumi e natural heritage of the metropolitan parks, rivers and delle aree rurali ancora poco alterate, per riqualifi- rural areas still little altered, to redevelop the Turin care il territorio metropolitano torinese e migliorarne metropolitan area and improve the quality life. la qualità di vita. The peri-urban agriculture is supported by a gover- L’agricoltura periurbana è sostenuta da un processo nance process that involves the entire production di governance che coinvolge tutto il sistema produt- system in rural qualification programs for environ- tivo rurale nei programmi di qualificazione ambienta- mental and landscape metropolitan hinterland, re- le e paesistica dell’hinterland metropolitano, ricono- cognizing agricultural activities play a key role both scendo alle attività agricole un ruolo chiave sia per in the agricultural and food production, for environ- la produttività agroalimentare, per i servizi ambientali mental services and equipment leisure and for the e le attrezzature del tempo libero, sia per il mante- maintenance of the system of traditional rural land- nimento del sistema dei paesaggi rurali tradizionali. scapes.

35 2.4 METROPOLITANE LANDSCHAFTSKONVENTION 2.4 METROPOLITAN LANDSCAPE CONVENTION Dr. Johannes Gnädinger, für EMM Europäische Metropolregion München

Suburbanisierung am Alpenrand Suburbanization on the edge of the Alps

Eines der Ziele des EMM e.V. ist die Steigerung der Lebensqualität. One of the aims of the EMM association is the improvement of life qua- Zur Positionierung der Region gilt unter anderem: „Die Metropolregion lity, like one of the slogans puts it: „Munich Metropolitan Area is worth München ist lebenswert dank intakter Landschaften und hochrangiger living thanks to intact landscapes and top-ranging culture”. Kultur“. Die im Jahr 2014 erarbeitete EMM-Landschaftskonvention greift dieses The Landscape convention for EMM, developed in 2014, accepts this Ziel auf und versteht sich als Beitrag, die Bedeutung von Landschaft aim and it was formulated as a contribution to strengthen the con- stärker ins Bewusstsein zu rücken. sciousness for landscapes.

36 Landschaftskonvention · Landscape Convention

Eine Landschaftskonvention für die Metropolregi- A Landscape Convention for Munich Metropolitan on München Area

Nach dem Vorbild der Europäischen Landschafts- Following the model of the European Landscape konvention des Europarates (ELC 2000, SEV-Nr. Convention of the European Council (ELC 2000, 176) wurde für die Metropolregion München (EMM) SEV-Nr. 176), a regional landscape convention was eine Landschaftskonvention erarbeitet. developed for Munich Metropolitan Area (EMM). Die EMM erwartet in den nächsten Jahrzehnten einen weiteren starken Bevölkerungszuwachs, der EMM is expecting a strong population growth within zusätzlichen Wohnraum, Arbeitsplätze und Infra- the following decades. This will require further re- struktur erfordert und den Veränderungsdruck auf sidential area, working places and infrastructure. die Landschaften weiter steigen lässt. Landschaft Landscape however has a meaning for life, conveys hat für unser Leben aber eine große Bedeutung, sie identity, provides recreation, allows agriculture or vermittelt Identität, dient der Erholung, der Landwirt- nature conservation. Yet historically grown spaces schaft oder dem Naturschutz. Historisch gewach- and structures tend to disappear. At the same time

Suburbanisierung am Alpenrand sene Räume drohen zu verschwinden. Gleichzei- this opens the chance to preserve and develop the Suburbanization on the edge tig bietet sich dadurch aber auch die Chance, die landscape. of the Alps Landschaften zu sichern und weiterzuentwickeln. Die EMM-Landschaftskonvention soll dazu hel- The Landscape convention for EMM may help to fen, Veränderungen bisheriger planungspolitischen shift the previous practice of planning policy, to pool Handlungsmuster in Gang setzen und die in der Re- forces and to give a good example to other regions. gion vorhandenen Kräfte zu bündeln. Gemeinden, Municipalities, counties, associations, federations Kreise, Vereine, Verbände, Unternehmen und Bür- and the citizenship are called to recognize the im- gerschaft sind aufgerufen, den unschätzbaren Wert mense value of landscape, thus to ratify the conven- der Landschaften zu erkennen und ihr Handeln da- tion and hence to adjust the actions. nach auszurichten.

37 2.4 PIANIFICAZIONE TERRITORIALE E TURISMO RURALE 2.4 RURAL TOURISM TRAIL Direzione Urbanistica e Paesaggio, Regione del Veneto

Proposta per il sistema di piste ciclabili fra Verona e le valli veronesi emerso dalla partecipazione con i Comuni Proposal for the bike trails systems coming from the participation activities © Regione del Veneto

38 Pianificazione Territoriale e Turismo Rurale · Rural Tourism Trail

Integrare pianificazione territoriale e politiche di Integrating spatial planning and rural development sviluppo rurale policies

La Regione Veneto ha sviluppato il progetto RUR- Veneto Region has developed the RURBANCE Pro- BANCE per affrontare l’integrazione delle politiche ject to tackle the integration of rural development di sviluppo rurale con gli strumenti di pianificazione, policies and planning instruments, joining the Urban riunendo i Dipartimenti di Urbanistica e Agroambien- Planning with the Rural Development Department. te. L‘azione pilota si è concentrato su Verona e le valli The Pilot Action has focused on Verona and its nort- veronesi. La città è una grande attrazione turistica, hern valleys. The town is a major tourism attraction, mentre le valli sono una eccellenza per le produzioni while the valleys are an excellence for agro-food agro-alimentari con un potenziale in termini di turis- productions with a potential in terms of rural tourism. mo rurale. Un processo partecipativo è stato sviluppato coin- A participatory process has been developed invol- volgendo amministrazioni locali, agricoltori e associ- ving local administrations, farmers and NGOs: the azioni. La proposta di un sistema di piste ciclabili è proposal of a bike trails system has emerged as an emerso come opportunità per collegare Verona con opportunity to link Verona with the northern valleys. le valli settentrionali. Ora una misura di finanziamento è stata individuata Now a funding Measure has been identified within nel nuovo Programma di Sviluppo Rurale 2014-20 the new Rural Development Programme 2014-20 to per sostenere il progetto, e per realizzare la ciclopis- support the project, and to implement the bike trails ta il Fondo Europeo di Coesione ha appena aperto the European Cohesion Fund has just opened a call. un bando. Così il progetto Spazio Alpino sostiene un’iniziativa So the Alpine Space project supports a local initi- locale basata sullo Sviluppo rurale e il Fondo di Co- ative based on Rural Development and Cohesion esione, in una esperienza pragmatica d’integrazione funds, in a pragmatic experience of integration of delle diverse politiche. different policies.

39 PROJECT PARTNERS

ITALIA : Regione Lombardia, Direzione Generale Ambiente Energia e Reti (Lead partner) Regione Piemonte, Direzione Programmazione strategica, politiche territoriali ed edilizia Regione Veneto, Direzione Urbanistica e Paesaggio

ÖSTERREICH: Stadt Graz Regionalmanagement Graz & Graz – Umgebung

DEUTSCHLAND: Leibniz Universität Hannover, Universitätsprofessur für Regionales Bauen und Siedlungsplanung Allgäu GmbH Gesellschaft für Standort und Tourismus

SCHWEIZ: Stadt Zürich, Stadtentwicklung, Bereich Außenbeziehungen

SLOVENIJA: Znanstvenoraziskovalni center Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti, Geografski inštitut Antona Melika Regionalna razvojna agencija Ljubljanske urbane regije

FRANCE: Institut d’Urbanisme de Grenoble (Université Pierre Mendès France) Grenoble Alpes Métropole, Direction de la Prospective & de la Stratégie Territoriale Région Rhône-Alpes, Direction du Tourisme, de la Montagne et des Parcs Agence d’Urbanisme de la Région Grenobloise

WWW.RURBANCE.EU

Allgäu GmbH - Tourismus Marke Standort, Allgäuer Straße 1, D-87435 Kempten, [email protected] Leibniz Universität Hannover, Universitätsprofessur Regionales Bauen und Siedlungsplanung, Herrenhäuserstr. 8, D-30419 Hannover, [email protected] Regione Lombardia, Direzione Generale Ambiente, Energia e Sviluppo sostenibile, Piazza Cittá di Lombardia 1, I-20124 Milano, [email protected]