CHINESE 342/442 AUTUMN 2019 Homework #4 ANSWER KEY

International Phonetic Alphabet and Mandarin Phonology

I. Write the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbol for each of the following sounds: 1. voiced labiodental fricative 1. [ v ] 2. high back rounded vowel 2. [ u ] 3. voiceless aspirated bilabial stop 3. [ pʰ ] 4. alveolar nasal 4. [ n ] 5. voiceless unaspirated retroflex affricate 5. [ tʂ ] 6. high front rounded vowel 6. [ y ]

II. Describe the sounds represented by the following IPA symbols. For consonants, the order is (1) voiced / voiceless (2) aspirated / unaspirated (3) place of articulation (4) manner of articulation. For vowels, the order is (1) height (2) backness (3) roundedness (4) “vowel”. 1. [ŋ] (voiced unaspirated) velar nasal 2. [ɛ] mid-low front unrounded vowel 3. [x] voiceless (unaspirated) velar fricative 4. [m] (voiced unaspirated) bilabial nasal 5. [tɕʰ] voiceless aspirated palatal affricate 6. [i] high front unrounded vowel The terms in parentheses above are normally omitted.

III. (a) Write the IPA symbol of three Standard Mandarin consonant sounds that are at three different places of articulation. (b) Describe each sound according to the instructions for Part II above, and (c) write a full syllable in toned pīnyīn containing the sound. answers vary

IV. First rewrite the following syllables in base pīnyīn with tone marks, then transcribe the pronunciation into IPA including tone. Even base pīnyīn can be misleading, so be careful! 1. 等 děng ‘wait’ děng [ təŋ214 ] 2. 字 zì ‘character’ zì or z-ì [ tsɿ51 ] 3. 千 qiān ‘1,000’ qiān [ tɕʰiɛn55 ] 4. 五 wǔ ‘five’ ǔ [ u214 ] 5. 圓 yuán ‘round’ üán [ yɛn35 ] 6. 想 xiǎng ‘think’ xiǎng [ ɕiaŋ214 ] 7. 睡 shuì ‘sleep’ shuèi [ ʂuei51 ] 8. 覺 jué ‘feel’ jüé [ tɕyɛ35 ]

V. In the problems below, leave a slot empty if that element doesn’t occur in the syllable.

1. For the pronunciation of 惟 wéi ‘only’, specify using IPA symbols: a. Initial: [ ] b. Final: [ uei ] c. Tone: [ 35 ] Analyze the Final into: d. Medial: [ u ] e. main Vowel: [ e ] f. Ending: [ i ] 2. For the pronunciation of 臉 liǎn ‘face’, specify using IPA symbols: a. Initial: [ l ] b. Final: [ iɛn ] c. Tone: [ 214 ] Analyze the Final into: d. Medial: [ i ] e. main Vowel: [ ɛ ] f. Ending: [ n ] 3. For the pronunciation of 蓋 gài ‘cover’, specify using IPA symbols: a. Initial: [ k ] b. Final: [ ai ] c. Tone: [ 51 ] Analyze the Final into: d. Medial: [ ] e. main Vowel: [ a ] f. Ending: [ i ]