825

Index

Page numbers in italic indicate tables.

a adenomatoid tumours 798 alpha‐blockers abiraterone 589, 591 adeno‐squamous carcinomas 573 benign prostatic hyperplasia ABO blood grouping 137–8 adjustable continence therapy 483 542–3, 545 abscess adrenal glands 331–46 prostatitis 526 perinephric 199, 214–15 anatomy 332–3 290 periurethral 667, 670 congenital disorders 346 stone expulsion 292 renal 213 cortical pathology 334–40 5‐alpha reductase 68 absolute risk 46 cysts 338 inhibitors 543, 565 absorbable sutures 24–5 embryology 71–2 alprostadil 708–10 accessory artery 321 hyperfunction 334–7, 341–6 alternative hypothesis 42 N‐acetylcysteine 307 hypofunction 334, 340 AMACR 576 acid–base metabolism 111 inflammation 346 ammonia buffer 111 acquired renal cystic disease 152–3 medullary pathology 340–6 amoebiasis 405 actinomycosis 764 metastases 339–40 Amplatz semi‐rigid dilators 304 active surveillance 84 myelolipoma 338–9 amyloidosis 122, 232, 418, 819 prostate cancer 578–9 neuroblastoma 340–1 anaemia 121 renal cell carcinoma 250, 252 physiology 333–4 anastomotic urethroplasty 674 acute cystitis 392–400 principles of surgery 331 anastrazole 813 acute kidney injury (AKI) 117–20 trauma 346 Anderson‐Hynes pyeloplasty 153, acute rejection 140 adrenal insufficiency 334 176, 178–81 acute tubular necrosis 118, 120 adrenal venous sampling 336–7 androgen deprivation therapy 585, acute urinary retention 532, 537, adrenalectomy 343, 346 587–90 539, 544–5 adrenaline 333 androgen receptor blockers adaptive immunity 139 adrenocortical carcinoma 339 588–590 Addison disease 334, 346 age‐associated testosterone androgen receptor gene adenocarcinoma deficiency syndrome 722–5 mutations 805 bladder 419 COPYRIGHTEDAKIN grading 118 MATERIALandrogens 333, 532 epididymis 799 AKT1 597 andropause 722–5 post‐urinary diversion 461 Al‐Ghorab shunt 717 anejaculation 715–16, 807 prostate 573 albendazole 225 angiogenesis 80–1 upper urinary tract 262 aldosterone 333 angiomyolipomas 259 adenoma aldosterone‐producing angiotensin I/II 110, 325 aldosterone‐producing (Conn) 336 adenoma 336 animal bites 651–2 metanephric 260 alemtuzumab 142 anorchia 747 nephrogenic 262 alfuzosin 542, 545 anorgasmia 715–16 renal cortical 260 alkaline‐encrusted cystitis 400 anterior urethral diverticula 640 villous 418 Alken’s rigid dilators 303–4 anterior urethral valves 640–1

Blandy’s Urology, Third Edition. Edited by Omar M. Aboumarzouk. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2019 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

0004291378.INDD 825 13-02-2019 15:49:17 826 Index

anti‐androgens 588–590 bacteriuria 391, 393 cancer see bladder cancer antibiotics asymptomatic 16, 375, 394, 396 compliance 355, 473 cystitis 394 Baden–Walker system 496 congenital anomalies 59–60, pregnancy 396 balanitis 626, 664–6, 688 359–78 prostatitis 526 balanitis xerotica obliterans 627, contraction 357 UTI in children 375 665, 688 diaries 468 antibodies 142 balanoposthitis 626, 664 disorders of function 476–89 antidiuretic hormone 110 ballistic lithotripsy 304 diverticula 370, 535 antigen presentation 139 balloon catheter dilator 304 duplications 370–1 anti‐müllerian hormone (AMH) band neutrophils 20 ears 370 62–4, 67 basal cell antibodies 576 embryology 57–60, 359 anti‐muscarinics 478 basiliximab 142 exstrophy 60, 360–4 antioxidants 813 baskets, stone retrieval 299 fistula 502–5 antisperm antibodies 808 basophils 21 function investigations 468–76 apatite stones 280 battery burn 653 hypotonic 376 aphallia 646 BCG therapy 267, 423–6 inflammation 391–406 apoptosis 80 Bear Paw sign 216 lymphatics 354 appendix epididymis torsion 755 Beckworth–Wiedemann neck 353, 518 appendix testis torsion 755, 775 syndrome 744 neoplasms see bladder cancer arginine vasopressin 110 Behçet’s disease 764 nerve supply 355 aromatase inhibitors 813 belatacept 142 neurogenic dysfunction 492–4 arteriosclerosis 323 bell‐clapper deformity 753, 774 outflow obstruction (BOO) 491–2, artificial urinary sphincter 366, 483 benign prostatic enlargement 532, 537, 539 Ask–Upmark kidney 322 (BPE) 14–15, 532, 537 pain syndrome 467, 483–6 aspermia 803 benign prostatic hyperplasia papilloma 418, 419 assisted conception 812 (BPH) 513, 531–57 physiology 355–8, 466 asthenozoospermia 803 aetiology 532–4 radiosensitivity 86 asymptomatic bacteriuria 16, 375, complications 535, 537 response to obstruction 535 394, 396 definition 532 sensation 466, 487–8 atherosclerosis 323 epidemiology 538–9 septations 371 atrial natriuretic peptide 110 investigations 539–41 silent rupture 387–8 atypical small acinar laser procedures 554–6, 557 stones 281, 282, 307 proliferation 573 medical management 542–7 storage dysfunction 476–88 augmentation cystoplasty 479–80 minimally invasive therapies 556–7 training 477 augmentation urethroplasty 675 natural history 538–9 trauma 383–8 autoimmune infertility 806 pathology 534–5 tuberculosis 400 autologous fascial sling 483 surgery 547–57 underactive 376 automated peritoneal dialysis 123 treatment aims 541 venous drainage 353–4 autonomic dysreflexia 492 watchful waiting 541–2 voiding dysfunction 488 autophagy 80 benign prostatic obstruction 532 wall 352 autoregulation 108 bevacizumab 255 bladder cancer 409–39 autosomal dominant polycystic bicalutamide 588–90 aetiology 410–11 kidney disease 152 bicarbonate reabsorption 109, 111 bilharzial 404, 437 autosomal recessive polycystic kidney bilharzia 400–5, 437, 764 brachytherapy 434 disease 152 biofilm 16 chemotherapy 423–6, 428, 430, avanafil 711 biological meshes 25 432–4 axitinib 254–5 bipolar diathermy 7 clinical features 411 azathioprine 141 Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome 239 field biopsies 417 AZF microdeletions 804 bites 651–2 follow‐up 435 azoospermia 803 bladder grading 422 agenesis 371 incidence 410 b anatomy 351–5, 466 investigations 411–13 bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) arterial supply 353 malignant tumours 417, 419 therapy 267, 423–6 augmentation 455–7 metastatic disease 435, 437 bacteraemia 212 benign lesions 418 muscle‐invasive 427–37

0004291378.INDD 826 13-02-2019 15:49:17 Index 827

MVAC regimen 430, 432, cabergoline 813 chronic kidney disease 120–2 433, 435 calcineurin inhibitors 141 Chronic Kidney Disease non‐muscle‐invasive 422–7 calcium antagonists 292 Epidemiology (CKD‐Epi) palliative cystectomy 434–5 calcium oxalate stones 278–80 formula 120 partial cystectomy 434 calcium phosphate stones 279, 280 chronic pelvic pain syndrome 514 photodynamic therapy 426 calcium reabsorption 110 chronic prostato‐vesiculitis 813 radical cystectomy 428–30 calyceal diverticular stones 307–9 chronic pyelonephritis 221–3 radiotherapy 434 calyces 103 chronic rejection 140–1 recurrence 435 canary tumours 336 chronic urinary retention 532, risk stratification after cancer 537, 545 TURBT 422 centralization of care 88 chyluria 226–8 secondary 421–2 chemotherapy 86–8 624–6 spread 428 diagnosis 82–3 CKD‐Epi formula 120 squamous cell carcinoma genetics 76–9 clam cystoplasty 456 419, 437 grading and staging 83 clean intermittent catheterisation 493 staging 422 growth 79–82 cloaca 359 transitional cell 419–21, 422 immunotherapy 88 cloacal exstrophy 366–8 transurethral resection of bladder interdisciplinary care 88 cloacal membrane 54, 57, 68, 359 tumour 413–17 multimodal treatment 88 clomiphene citrate 813 urethrectomy 434 prognostic risk classification 83 Clutton sounds 673 bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) radionuclide therapy 88 coccidioidomycosis 764 491–2, 532, 537, 539 stem cells 82 Cockcroft‐Gault formula 109 bladder pain syndrome 467, 483–6 surgery for 84 cohort studies 46 blended current 8 targeted drugs 88 coital infertility 807 Blocksom vesicostomy 638 treatment decisions 83–4 collagen bulking agents 25 blood clot 20 treatment modalities 84–8 collagenase Clostridium blue‐dot sign 755, 775 see also specific cancers histolyticum 721 Boari–Ockerblad flap 203–5, 206 candida collecting ducts 102, 110 Bosniak classification 258 balanitis 664 collecting tubule 102 botulinum toxin A 478–9, 486, 494 epididymo‐orchitis 764 Colles fascia 617 bougies 672 candiru 406 colonic conduits 452 Bouin’s solution 809 Cantwell–Ransley repair colonisation 81 Bowenoid papulosis 689 365–6, 635 colovesical fistula 502–3 Bowen’s disease 689 carcinogenesis 75–6 colposuspension 482 Bowman capsule 99, 100 carcinoma in situ 417, 689 column of Bertin 96, 260 brachytherapy 85, 434, 584, carnero 406 combined androgen blockade 598, 695 caruncle 699 588–9, 590 brain death 129 case‐control studies 46 complement system 21 brucellosis 225–6, 764 cataract surgery 542 complete primary repair of brush border 100 catecholamine excess 333 exstrophy 362 brushite stones 280 catfish 406 computed tomography buccal mucosa graft 674 catheter balloon rupture 388 cystogram 385, 503 Buck fascia 614 catheter strictures 659 renal trauma 191–2 buffering systems 111 catheters 15–17, 388 stone diagnosis 283–7 bulking agents 25, 483 cavernosonography 707 urography 169 Burch colposuspension 482 cell death 80 concretions 278 Burnett shunt 717 cellular rejection 139, 140 concurrent validity 35 burns, diathermy‐related 9–10 CFTR gene 806, 808 condyloma acuminata 667 Buschke‐Lowenstein tumour chancroid 667 confidence intervals 41–2 667, 689 chemical epididymitis 762 congenital adrenal chemokines 140 hyperplasia 643–4 c chemolytic stone dissolution 306–7 congenital obstructive posterior c‐MYC 577 chemotaxis 20 urethral membrane C‐reactive protein 596 chondroitin sulphate 486 (COPUM) 636 cabazitaxel 591 chromaffin reaction 332 Conn adenoma 336

0004291378.INDD 827 13-02-2019 15:49:17 828 Index

connective tissue tumours 791 partial 434 diagnostic test accuracy 45 construct validity 35 radical 428–30 dialysis 120, 122–5 contact diathermy 7 cystic fibrosis 806–7 dialysis disequilibrium contact inhibition 79–80 cystic nephroma 260 syndrome 124 context validity 35 cystine stones 281 diathermy 6–11 continent pouches 455–7 cystinuria 111, 281 diethylcarbamazine 228 continuous ambulatory peritoneal cystitis 391 diffusion‐weighted imaging dialysis 123 acute 392–400 569, 571 continuous cycling peritoneal alkaline‐encrusted 400 digital rectal examination dialysis 123 bacterial 392–6, 398 539–40, 567 continuous renal replacement chemical 397–8 digoxin 719 therapies 125 cystica 22, 399 dihydrotestosterone 62, 68, 532 continuous emphysematous 399–400 dimethyl sulphoxide, 466, 481 eosinophilic 399 intravesical 486 COPUM 636 follicularis 399 diphallia 647 cord disruption 761 interstitial 483, 485 dipstick test 372 corpus cavernosum 613–14 noninfectious 397–8 direct‐acting carcinogens 76 corpus spongiosum 613–14, 617 radiation 86, 398 direct vision internal correlation 44–5 viral 396–7 urethrotomy 673 corticosteroids 141 cystogram 385, 503 disorders of sex development 67, corticosterone 333 cystometrography 474–5, 481 642–5 cortisol 333 cystometry 473–5, 492 distal convoluted tubule 102, 110 countercurrent theory 110 cystoplasty diuretics 110, 120 Cowper’s glands 617, 639 augmentation 479–80 diverticula creatinine clearance 108–9 clam 456 anterior urethral 640 criterion‐based standards 36 cystoscopy bladder 370, 535 cross‐matching 139 bladder cancer 412–13 calyceal 307–9 cross‐over study 46 bladder trauma 386 cancer 438 crossed renal ectopia 57, 149–50 cystourethrography 383–4 urethral 489–90 cryotherapy 250, 598 cytomegalovirus 764 vesico‐urachal 368 cryptorchidism 742–7, 784, 805 DMSA renogram 169, 373 crystallisation 277–8 d DNA fragmentation 808 curative treatment 83 daclizumab 142 docetaxel 590, 591 Cushing disease 334–6 dapoxetine 714 Donovan bodies 667 Cushing syndrome 334–6 darifenacin 478 dopamine agonists 813 cutaneous horn 689 dartos 617 Doppler ultrasound, penis 706 cyclin‐dependent kinases 79 data distribution 40–1 drug‐induced conditions cycling‐related impotence 653 Deflux 25, 161, 185 cystitis 397–8 cyclins 79 degarelix 588, 589 epididymitis 764 cyclophosphamide 397 denosumab 588, 592 erectile dysfunction 706 cyclosporine 141 deoxycorticosterone 333 male infertility 806 cyproterone acetate 588, 590 dermoid cyst, presacral 371 priapism 716 cyst descriptive statistics 39–41 stones 281 adrenal 338 desmoplastic small round cell dual androgen blockade 588–9, 590 benign testicular 774 tumour 799 ductus deferens 64 epididymal 773 desmopressin 377–8, 487, 547 duloxetine 482 presacral dermoid 371 detruser 352, 356, 466 Dundee technique 668 renal 150–3, 258–9 failure 488 duplication anomalies seminal vesicle 818 hypocontractility 482 bladder 370–1 urachal 369 overactivity 475, 477 kidney 57, 154–6 cystadenoma 798 poor compliance 475 penis 647 cystectomy underactivity 482, 488 testes 749, 775–6 enhanced recovery after surgery detrusor–sphincter dyssynergia 489 56–7, 154–6, 181–3 (ERASC) 434 diabetes insipidus 111 641–2 palliative 434–5 diabetes mellitus 411 vas deferens 749

0004291378.INDD 828 13-02-2019 15:49:18 Index 829

Dupuytren contracture 719 appendix torsion 755 fistula 203, 499–506, 670 dutasteride 543 cyst 773 flexible endoscopes 6 dynamic contrast‐enhanced melanotic neuroectodermal 5‐fluorouracil 692 MRI 571 tumour 799 flutamide 588, 590 dynamic sentinel lymph node obstructive infertility 806, 811 focal segmental biopsy 696–7 epididymitis 755–6, 762–4 glomerulonephritis 210 dysfunctional voiding 376, 467, 489 epididymo‐orchitis 755–6, 762–3, focal segmental dysgerminomas 784 764 glomerulosclerosis 210 epigenetics 577 foetal interventions 638–9 e epispadias 59–60, 365–6, 632, follicle‐stimulating hormone Ebbehøj shunt 717 634–5 736–7, 813 Echinococcus granulosus 225 epithelial‐mesenchymal transition followers 672 ectopia (EMT) pathway 81, 499–500 623–7, 651–2 crossed renal 57, 149–50 erectile dysfunction 705–12, 807 formation product 278 kidney 148 erection 619–21 four‐glass collection 525 prostate 418 erythroplasia of Queyrat 689 Fournier gangrene 666–7 testes 64, 742–3 erythropoietin 110–11 Fowler syndrome 489 ureter 57, 156–7, 182 estimated glomerular filtration rate fracture 157 (eGFR) 108–9, 120 pelvis 653, 676–80 Effmann classification 642 Eustrongylas gigas 406 penis 652 ejaculation 518 everolimus 141–2, 255 free graft urethroplasty 676 premature 712–14, 807 excretory CT 284 frequency volume charts 468 retrograde 518, 715, 807 exosomes 596–7 Fuhrman grading 242, 248 ejaculatory duct obstruction experimental studies 46 fulguration 7–8 807, 811 exstrophy–epispadias fungal infections 225, 664 ejaculatory latency 712–13 complex 359–68 electrohydraulic lithotripsy 294, 299 extended lymph node g electromagnetic lithotripsy 294 resection 582–3 gabapentin 719 electromotive drug administration external beam radiotherapy gain‐of‐function mutations 78 (EMDA) 721 (EBRT) 85, 583–6, 695 gene methylation 577 embolisation 198 extinction length 13 genetics embryonal carcinoma 791 extracellular polymeric substance benign prostatic hyperplasia 533 emission 518 matrix 16 bladder cancer 411 emphysematous cystitis 399–400 extramammary Paget disease 689 cancer 76–9 emphysematous extraordinary daytime urinary male infertility 804–5 pyelonephritis 215–16 frequency 376 prostate cancer 564–5, 597–8 encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis 124 exudate 20 testicular cancer 784 end stage renal disease (ESRD) 120–2, EZH2 597 genital fold 70 125, 127–8 genital ridge 60–1 endocervicosis 418 f genital system embryology 60–1 endometriosis 232, 418 face validity 35 female 70–1 endopyelotomy 181 faggot technique 672 male 61–70 endoscopes, flexible 6 familial papillary renal cell genital tubercle 54, 56, 70 endourology simulators 29 carcinoma 239 genital warts 667 enhanced recovery after surgery for Fanconi syndrome 111 genitourinary ridges 50 cystectomy (ERASC) 434 feeling of incomplete emptying 467 germ‐cell tumours 790, 791 Entamoeba histolytica 405 fertility see male infertility germ line mutations 77–8 enuresis 466 fesoterodine 478 Gerota fascia 96 enzalutamide 589, 591 fibre‐optic flexible endoscopes 6 giant condyloma acuminata eosinophilic cystitis 399 fibrin 20 667, 689 eosinophils 21 fibro‐epithelial polyp 418 giant kidney worm 406 epididymectomy 765–6 filariasis 226–8, 764 giggle incontinence 376, 481 epididymis filiforms 672 glans resurfacing 693 adenocarcinoma 799 filling cystometry 473–5 glansectomy 693 anatomy 731, 732, 734–5 finasteride 526, 543, 565 Gleason score 573–4, 576

0004291378.INDD 829 13-02-2019 15:49:18 830 Index

globozoospermia 805 hesitancy 467 hyperaldosteronism, primary 336–7 glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 107–9 heterotopic ossification 22–3 hypercalciuria, idiopathic 279 estimated 108–9, 120 high‐flow priapism 716, 718 hypercorticolism 334–6 urinary tract obstruction 167 high‐intensity focused hyperkalaemia 119–20, 121 glomerulonephritides 209, 210 ultrasound 598 hyperoxaluria 279–80 glomerulus 99–102 high‐pressure chronic retention 545 hyperparathyroidism 122 glucocorticoids 230, 333 hirsuties coronae glandis 688 hyperprolactinaemia 809 Goldblatt kidney 199 histone modification 577 hypertension Gompertzian effect 82 HIT injection 161 chronic kidney disease 122 gonadal ridge 56, 60–1 HIV 690, 785 hydronephrosis 171 gonadal stromal tumours 797 HLA system 137–9 renal 325–6 gonadoblastoma 798 Ho:YAG laser 13–15, 298 renal trauma 199–200 gonadotoxins 806 HoLAP 555 hypogastric plexus 355 gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone HoLEP 15, 555 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (GnRH) 736–7, 745, 813 holmium laser 13–15, 298, 805, 809 gonadotrophins 813 554–6 59, 628–32 gonads, embryology 60–1 HoLRP 555 hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal Goodpasture syndrome 210 Hopkins, H.H. 4–5 axis 736–7 graft rejection 139–41, 142 horseshoe kidney 57, 149 hypotonic bladder 376 granular cell tumour 419 Huang classification 218 granuloma human chorionic gonadotrophin i inflammatory response 21 (HCG) 745, 813 iatrogenic injuries 199, 200, 384, inguinale 667 human leucocyte antigen (HLA) 658–60 sperm 822 system 137–9 iced glove method 668 granulomatous epididymitis 763 human papilloma virus (HPV) 76, ICSI 812 granulomatous orchitis 763–4 411, 667, 689 idiopathic detrusor overactivity 475 granulosa cell tumours 797 humoral rejection 139, 140 idiopathic hypercalciuria 279 Grayhack shunt 717 Hunner lesion 485 idiopathic hypogonadotropic GreenLight™ laser 14, 557 hyaluronic acid 25, 161, 486 hypogonadism 805 gubernaculum 64 hydatid disease 225 idiopathic scrotal oedema 756, guidewires 17–18 hydrocalyx 279 762–3 gynecomastia 785, 797 hydrocele 66, 749–52, 769–73 IgA nephropathy 210 hydrodistention injection technique IIEF‐5 score 707 h (HIT) 161 IL‐2 254 haemangioma 321–2, 419 hydronephrosis 165–87 IL‐6 596 haemangioneurofibromas 699 antenatal 171–2 ileal conduit 449, 451–2, 461 haematocele 760–1 causes 166 ileal loop interposition 206 haematuria clinical features 168–9 ILUD ratio 184 benign prostatic enlargement 537 complications 171 image‐guided radiation therapy renal trauma 190 congenital 153, 165–6 (IGRT) 85 haemodiafiltration 125 definition 165 imipramine 378, 715 haemodialysis 124–5 diagnostic imaging 169–70 imiquimod 667, 693 haemofiltration 125 incidence 165–6 immunology Haemophilus ducreyi 667 infected 213–14 cancer 82 Hald rings 532, 538 management 171 organ transplantation 137–9 harmonic scalpel 11 pathophysiology 166–9 immunosuppression 141–2 Hartnup disease 111 perinatal 171–2 immunotherapy 88, 253–4 hemiacidrin 307 physiological in pregnancy 310 inappropriate urethral relaxation hereditary leiomyomatosis 239 stone formation 171, 279 incontinence 481 hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal hydroureter 165 incidence rate 40 carcinoma 261 11B‐hydroxylase deficiency 644 incidentaloma 337–8 hereditary papillary renal cell 21‐hydroxylase deficiency 644 incisions 21–2 carcinoma 239 3B‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase incontinence see urinary incontinence hernia, indirect inguinal 749–52 deficiency 644 increased daytime frequency 466 herpes simplex virus 664 hyperacute rejection 140 indirect‐acting carcinogens 76

0004291378.INDD 830 13-02-2019 15:49:18 Index 831

indirect inguinal hernia 749–52 JJ stents 202, 290 kiss cancer 428 infection, definition 212 Johnsen score 810 Klinefelter syndrome 645, 804 infection stones 280, 309 juxtaglomerular body 99 Kock’s pouch 456–7 infertility see male infertility KTP:YAG laser 14, 557 inflammatory pseudo‐tumour 418 k inflammatory response 20–1 Kaposi sarcoma 690 l inguinal hernia 749–52 Karnofsky performance scale 87 labioscrotal folds 70 inguinal lymph node dissection 696 Kartagener syndrome 805 laparoscopy simulators 29, 31–2 inguinoscrotal masses 749–53 karyotyping 808 lasers 11–15, 298, 554–6, 557 insulin‐like hormone 3 62, 63 Katayama fever 402 late onset hypogonadism 722–5 integral theory 480 KDIGO classification 120 laughing incontinence 376, 481 intensity‐modulated radiation Kelly procedure 362, 364, 366, Leadbetter ureterosigmoidostomy therapy (IMRT) 85 634–5 459 intercalated cells 110 ketamine bladder syndrome 397–8 left shift 20 interferon‐α 254 Ki67 577 leiomyoma 260, 419 interleukin‐2 254 kidney leiomyomatosis, hereditary 239 interleukin‐6 596 acute injury 117–20 leprosy 764 intermittent self‐catheterisation 493 anatomy 94–103 leukaemia 255 intermittent stream 467 arterial supply 95–8, 99, 321 Leydig cells 62, 737 International Index of Erectile calculi see stone disease tumours 791, 797 Function (IIEF‐5) score 707 chronic disease 120–2 LHRH agonists 587, 589 interquartile range 40 congenital anomalies 57, 145–53 LHRH antagonists 588, 589 483, 485 cortex 96 lichen planus 666, 687 interstitial laser coagulation 14 cysts 150–3, 258–9 lichen sclerosis 627, 665, 688 intestinal conduit 449, 451–2, 461 duplex 57, 154–6 LigaSure™ diathermy 11 intimal fibroelastic hyperplasia 323 ectopic 148 lignocaine‐prilocaine cream 714 intracorporeal lithotripsy embryology 50–7, 145 lipomatosis, pelvic 232–3 298–9, 304 fasciae 96 Lister sounds 673 intramural ureteric length to ureteric fistula 500 lithotripsy endoscopically controlled diameter (ILUD) ratio 184 hormonal function 110–11 by simultaneous flexible intraoperative floppy iris horseshoe 57, 149 ureterorenoscopy syndrome 542 inflammatory conditions 209–28 (LECURS) 295 intratesticular obstruction 806, 811 lymphatics 99 loop of Henle 100, 102, 109–10 intratubular germ cell neoplasia 785 malrotation 147 Lord’s procedure 771 intrauterine insemination 812 medulla 96 loss‐of‐function mutations 78 intravaginal ejaculatory latency metastatic tumours 257 low‐dose CT 287 time 713 multicystic dysplastic 57 low‐flow priapism 716, 717 intravenous pyelography 192–3 multiple renal arteries and low‐pressure chronic retention 545 intrinsic acute kidney injury 118 veins 99, 321 lower intrinsic sphincter deficiency 480 neoplasms 238–57 392–400 intubated ureterotomy 23 nerve supply 99 lower urinary tract symptoms inulin clearance 108 pelvic 57 (LUTS) 531, 532, 538 invasion 81 physiology 107–13 children 376–7 inverted papilloma 262, 419 radiosensitivity 86 history‐taking 467–8, 539 iontophoresis 721 size and weight 95 ICS terminology 466–7 IPSS 540 stones see stone disease investigations 539–41 island patch urethroplasty 675–6 supernumerary 146 Lue procedure 717, 722 isthmus 57, 149 thoracic 148–9 lupus nephritis 210 itching 121 transplantation see renal luteinising hormone 736–7, 813 Ivanissevich technique 753 transplantation luteinising hormone‐releasing IVF 812 trauma 189–200 hormone agonists 587, 589 tuberculosis 218–21 luteinising hormone‐releasing j urinary tract obstruction 168 hormone antagonists Jaboulay’s procedure 771 vascular disorders 321–8 588, 589 jackhammer 299 venous drainage 95, 98–9 lymph node biopsy 696–7

0004291378.INDD 831 13-02-2019 15:49:18 832 Index

lymphatics medicated urethral system for minor histocompatibility bladder 354 erection (MUSE) factors 137 kidney 99 709–10 mirabegron 478 penis 615 medullary sponge kidney Mitchell’s technique 366, 635 prostate 517 151, 279 mitomycin 267, 423 scrotum 617 megacystis 370 mitosis 76–7 testes 733 megacystis‐microcolon‐intestinal mixed epithelial/stromal tumour 260 ureter 105 hypoperistalsis syndrome mixed urinary incontinence 466, lymphoma (MMIHS) 370 480 bladder 419, 421 megalourethra 645 modern staged reconstruction of kidney 255 megaprepuce 627–8 exstrophy 362 paratesticular 798 158, 185 modification of diet in renal disease testes 798 megestrol acetate 590 (MDRD) formula 109, 120 Lynch syndrome 261 melanoma, bladder 421 monoclonal antibodies 142, 255 lysine N‐methyltransferase 597 membranous glomerulonephritis 210 monocytes 20 mental changes 122 monopolar diathermy 7 m mesangiocapillary mosaicism 645 macrophages 20–1 glomerulonephritis 210 MR urography 169 macula densa 99, 110 meshes 25 mTOR inhibitors 141–2, 255 MAG3 renogram 169 mesonephric (wolffian) ducts 51, müllerian (paramesonephric) magnetic resonance imaging 194, 52, 54, 56, 64 ducts 56, 61, 64, 67, 70 569, 571, 595 mesonephros 50–1 müllerian inhibitory substance (MIS) magnetic resonance urography 169 mesothelioma, malignant 799 62, 64, 67 Mainz II diversion 461 meta‐analysis 47 multicystic dysplastic kidney 57 major histocompatibility complex metabolic hyperchloraemic multiparametric MRI 595 (MHC) 137 acidosis 461 multiple hit theory 77 223, 399, 764 metabolic switch 81–2 mumps orchitis 755, 761–2 male infertility 803–13 metanephric adenoma 260 muromumab 142 aetiology 804–7 metanephrines 341 MVAC regimen 430, 432, 433, 435 definitions 803–4 metanephros 52–3 mycophenolate mofetil 141 history and examination 804 metaplasia 22 myelolipoma 338–9 incidence 803 metastability 278 investigation 807–10 metastasis 81, 84 n testes torsion 754 methylated glutathione S‐transferase 1 narrow band imaging 412 treatment 811–13 DNA (mGSTP1) 596 Nd:YAG laser 14 undescended testes 744 Mib1 577 necrosis 23, 80 mammalian target of rapamycin Michaelis–Gutmann bodies 223, necrozoospermia 804 (mTOR) inhibitors 399, 764 negative predictive value 45 141–2, 255 microdissection TESE 812 neobladder 310, 453, 461 Mansoura diversion 459 micrometastases 81 nephrectomy mast cells 21 microphallus (micropenis) 646–7 hydronephrosis 181 maximal androgen blockade 588–9, microRNA 577 kidney trauma 198 590 microsurgical epididymal sperm live organ donors 133 maximal conservative aspiration (MESA) 812 partial 245–6 management 125 micro‐TESE 812 radical 246–9 maximum voided volume 467 micturating cystourethrogram nephroblastoma 255–7 MDRD formula 109, 120 (MCUG) 373–4 nephrogenic adenoma 262 mean 40 micturition 356–8 nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 111 meatal advancement and glansplasty midurethral slings or tapes 482 nephrogenic metaplasia 418 (MAGPI) 631 milk of calcium stones 279 nephrolithotomy 306 meatal stenosis 627, 632 Millin prostatectomy 516, 552–4 percutaneous 302–6 median 40 mineral bone disease 122 nephron median raphe 732 minimal change disease 210 anatomy 99–102 medical expulsive therapy 292 mini‐PCNL 305–6 embryology 53 medical statistics 39–47 miniperc 305–6 nephron‐sparing surgery 266

0004291378.INDD 832 13-02-2019 15:49:18 Index 833

nephrostomy 448, 593 OEIS complex 366 partial nephrectomy 245–6 nephroureterectomy, radical 265–7 oestrogen 532, 590 patent urachus 368 Nesbit procedure 722 OKT3 142 pazopanib 254–5 neuroblastoma, adrenal 340–1 oligospermia 804 pearly penile papules 688 neuroendocrine tumours 573 oncocytoma 259 Pearson correlation 44 neurofibroma 419 oncogenes 78–9 pedicled urethroplasty 675–6 neurogenic bladder oncology see cancer pelvic floor muscle training 482 dysfunction 492–4 Onuf’s nucleus 355, 356 pelvic fracture 653, 676–80 neurogenic detrusor open prostatectomy 516, 551–4 pelvic kidney 57 overactivity 475 opioid analgesia 290 pelvic lipomatosis 232–3 neuromodulation 479, 486 optics 4–6 pelvic organ prolapse 494–5 neuter state 70 orchialgia 778 pelviureteric junction (PUJ) 113 neutrophil‐to‐leucocyte ratio 596 orchidopexy 745–7 obstruction 153–4, 172–81 neutrophils 20 orchiectomy 589–90, 786–7 penectomy 693, 695 nilutamide 590 orchitis 755–6, 761–3, 806 penile arteriography 707 nitric oxide 357, 619–20 orthotopic bladder substitution 310, penile cancer 688–99 nitric oxide synthase 357, 619 453, 461 aetiology 688–90 no‐scalpel vasectomy 821 orthotopic ureterocele 157 clinical features 690 nocturia 466, 467, 486–7 outliers 41 diagnostic investigations 690–1 nocturnal enuresis 377–8, 466, 480 syndrome 467, follow‐up 698–9 nocturnal penile tumescence and 476–80 histopathology 691 rigidity testing 707 oxalate 279 incidence and prevalence 688 nocturnal polyuria 467, 486–7, oxybutynin 478 lymph node disease 695–8 545–7 management principles 692 nodular mesothelial p radiotherapy 695 hyperplasia 798 p‐value 42 risk factors 688–90 non‐absorbable sutures 24 p16 79 staging 691–2 non‐germ‐cell tumours 791, 797 p27 577 surgery for invasive non‐seminomatous germ cell p53 79 disease 693–5 tumours 791, 795 P504S 576 topical chemotherapy 692–3 non‐steroidal anti‐androgens 588, pacemakers, diathermy 10 penile Doppler ultrasound 706 590 Page kidney 199 penile intraepithelial neoplasia 689, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory Paget disease, extramammary 689 692–3 drugs (NSAIDs) 171, 289 painful bladder syndrome 467, penis non‐technical skills 483–6 agenesis 646 simulation 33–4 PAIR procedure 225 amputation 652–3 non‐transecting anastomotic palliative treatment 83 anatomy 613–17 urethroplasty 674–5 Palomo technique 753 arterial supply 614–15 noradrenaline 333 papillae 102–3 benign neoplasms 687–8 norm‐based standards 36 papillary necrosis 223, 279 buried 627 NOTECHS assessment tool 34 papillary urothelial carcinoma cancer see penile cancer nuclear medicine scans 169, 373 417, 419 duplication 647 null hypothesis 42 papilloma embryology 68–70 number needed to treat 47 bladder 418, 419 erection 619–21 nutcracker phenomenon 752, 777 inverted 262, 419 fracture 652 nux amatoris 778 urothelial 262 inflammation 664–6 paraganglioma 341–6, 421 lymphatics 615 o parallel trial 46 malignant neoplasms see penile observational studies 46 paramesonephric (müllerian) ducts cancer obstructive acute kidney injury 118 56, 61, 64, 67, 70 nerve supply 617 112–13, paraphimosis 626, 667–8 premalignant conditions 689–90 166–8 parasitic infections 400–5 prostheses 711–12, 718, 722 obturator twitch 10 paratesticular tumours 798 torsion 647 odds 46 parathyroid hormone 111 trauma 652–3 odds ratio 46 partial cystectomy 434 venous drainage 615

0004291378.INDD 833 13-02-2019 15:49:18 834 Index

pentosan polysulphate 486, 526–7 postobstruction diuresis nerve supply 517 percutaneous epididymal sperm 112–13, 168 physiology 517–20 aspiration (PESA) 812 postorgasmic urine analysis 809 schistosomiasis 404 percutaneous postradical prostatectomy size 513–14, 539–40 nephrolithotomy 302–6 incontinence 481 stones 282 percutaneous nephrostomy postrenal acute kidney injury 118 tuberculosis 528 tube 290 post‐TURP incontinence 481 venous drainage 516 periaortitis 228 postvoid residual (PVR) 540–1 zones 514, 534 perinephric abscess 199, 214–15 potassium citrate 307 prostate cancer 563–98 peripheral neuropathy 121–2 potassium para‐aminobenzoate active surveillance 578–9 peritoneal dialysis 123–4 (POTABA) 721 aetiology 564–5 periurethral abscess 667, 670 Potter syndrome 146–7 androgen deprivation persistent post‐cardinal vein 328 power calculation 47 therapy 585, 587–90 PET‐CT 569 praziquantel 403 biopsies 568–9, 594–6 Peyronie disease 719–22, 807 prediction 45 brachytherapy 584, 598 phase variation 393 predictive validity 35 castration‐resistant 591–3 phenylephrine 717 prednisolone 141 clinical features 565 pheochromocytes 332 prednisone 141 cryotherapy 598 pheochromocytoma 341–6, 421 preformed antibodies 139 debate on optimal therapy 578 phimosis 623–4, 688 pregnancy emerging biomarkers 596–8 phosphate buffer 111 post‐renal transplantation 143 epidemiology 563–4 phosphodiesterase‐5 (PDE‐5) stone disease 310–11 extended lymph node inhibitors 543, 707–8, 711, urinary tract infection 394, 396 resection 582–3 714, 719 premature ejaculation Gleason score 573–4, 576 photodynamic diagnostic 712–14, 807 grading 573–6 cystoscopy 412–13 preputial bladder 628 high‐intensity focused photodynamic therapy 426 prerenal acute kidney injury 118 ultrasound 598 PI‐RADS v2 571–2 presacral dermoid 371 high‐risk localised 579–84 piezoelectric lithotripsy 294 presumed circle ratio 534–5 histopathology 573 pili 392 prevalence rate 40 immunostains 576 PITX2 577 priapism 653, 716–19 investigations 566–9 plasma cell balanitis 665–6, 688 primary ciliary dyskinesia 805 locally advanced 584–6 plasmacytoma 421 primary hyperaldosteronism low‐risk localised 578–9 plication procedures 722 336–7 metastases 572, 586, 591–3 PLUS examination 31 primary obstructive megaureter molecular pathology 576–7 podophyllotoxin cream 667 158, 185 MRI 569, 571, 595 polyclonal antibodies 142 primary testicular failure 809 nephrostomy 593 polyorchidism 749, 775–6 principal cells 110 prognosis 566 polyp processus vaginalis 66, 749 prostate‐specific antigen 83, 517, fibro‐epithelial 418 pronephros 50 566–7, 576, 594, 596 urethral 699 prospective studies 46 prostatic acid phosphatase 518, polytrauma 198–9 prostate 566, 576 polyuria 467, 545–7 anatomy 511, 513–17 radical prostatectomy pontine micturition centre arterial supply 516 579–82, 586 355, 356 capsule 516, 569 radiotherapy 583–6, 592–3 pop‐off phenomenon 637 digital rectal examination recurrent 586 POP‐Q 495 539–40 relapse imaging 572–3 popliteal pterygium syndrome 743 ectopic 418 risk stratification 577 positive predictive value 45 embryology 67–8 salvage treatment 586 POSTCARDS 223 function 517 spinal cord compression 593 posterior tibial nerve inflammation 523–9 staging 569–71 stimulation 479 lobes 514, 516 supportive care 593 posterior urethral valves 635–9 lymphatics 517 transurethral resection of postmicturition dribble 467 maturation 511–13 prostate 593 postmicturition symptoms 467, 532 neoplasms see prostate cancer watchful waiting 578–9

0004291378.INDD 834 13-02-2019 15:49:18 Index 835

prostate cancer antigen 3 psychogenic erectile reliability 35–6 (PCA3) 596 dysfunction 705 remodelling 25 Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data pudendal nerve stimulation 486 Renacidin 307 System (PI‐RADS v2) 571–2 puncture‐aspiration‐injection‐ renal abscess 213 prostate‐specific antigen reaspiration (PAIR) renal agenesis 57, 146–7 (PSA) 517–18 procedure 225 renal angiogram 194, 198 counselling guidelines 540 pyelography 169 renal arteries 95–8, 321 lower urinary tract pyelolithotomy 306 aneurysm 325 symptoms 540 pyelonephritis 211–13 congenital anomalies 321 prostate cancer 83, 517, 566–7, chronic 221–3 dysplasia 323, 325 576, 594, 596 emphysematous 215–16 multiple 99, 321 prostatitis 526 xanthogranulomatous stenosis 323, 325 prostate specific membrane antigen 216, 218 trauma 322–3 (PSMA) 597 pyeloplasty 153, 176, 178–81 renal calculi see stone disease prostatectomy pyonephrosis 213–14 renal calyces 103 laser 557 pyuria 391 renal carbuncle 213 open 516, 551–4 renal cell carcinoma 238–55, 260 radical 481, 579–82, 586 q active surveillance 250, 252 prostatic acid phosphatase 518, 566, Quackles shunt 717 aetiology 238–9 576 chemotherapy 255 prostatic buds 68 r clinical features 239 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia radical cystectomy 428–30 cryotherapy 250 (PIN) 573 radical nephrectomy 246–9 diagnostic investigations 239–41 prostatic utricle 639 radical nephroureterectomy 265–7 familial (hereditary) papillary 239 prostatitis radical orchiectomy 786–7 histological types 239 acute bacterial 523–4 radical prostatectomy 481, immunotherapy 253–4 asymptomatic inflammatory 579–82, 586 incidence 238 (histological) 525 radiofrequency ablation 250 prognosis 243–4 chronic bacterial 524, 527 radioisotope bone scan 572 radiofrequency ablation 250 classification 523–5 radionuclide therapy 88 radiotherapy 255 histology 526 radiotherapy 84–6 staging and grading 242 imaging 525–6 bladder cancer 434 surgical treatment 245–9, 255 inflammatory chronic 524 cystitis following 86, 398 surveillance after curative investigations 525 penile cancer 695 treatment 255 non‐inflammatory 524 prostate cancer 583–6, 592–3 systemic therapies 252–5 prostate‐specific antigen renal cell carcinoma 255 renal colic 289–90 testing 526 radium 223 therapy 591 renal contusions 190 snowflake hypothesis 527 Randall’s plaque 278, 279 renal cortical adenoma 260 transurethral microwave randomised controlled trial renal cystic disease 150–3, 258–9 thermotherapy 527–8 (RCT) 46 renal dysplasia 57 transurethral needle ablation 528 range 40 renal ectopia 148 transurethral resection of rapamycin 141–2 crossed 57, 149–50 prostate 527 Rb protein 79 renal fistula 500 treatment options 526–7 reactive oxygen species 808 renal glycosuria 111 Upoint phenotypic recombinant follicle‐stimulating renal hypertension 325–6 classification 527 hormone 813 renal infarction 325 prostato‐vesiculitis 813 recombinant luteinising renal pain 106 protein kinase B 597 hormone 813 renal papillae 102–3 Proteus mirabilis 400 rectourethral fistula 505 renal pelvis 103, 105 proximal convoluted tubule recumbency stones 279 neoplasms 261–7 100, 109 reflux nephropathy 102–3 renal pyramid 50, 52, 94 prune belly syndrome 744 refractory septic shock 212 renal replacement therapy 120, pseudocysts 199 regional lymphadenectomy 84 122–5 pseudo‐tumour 418 regression analysis 45 renal segmental hypoplasia 322 psoas hitch 205 relative risk 46 renal stones see stone disease

0004291378.INDD 835 13-02-2019 15:49:18 836 Index

renal transplantation 127–43 sample size calculation 47 SIMULATE programme 34 contraindications 128–9 sarcoidosis 764 simulation training 27–36 delayed graft function 136–7 sarcoma sinuses 368–9, 499, 500, 505–6 donor organ removal 130–3 kidney 257 sipuleucel‐T 591 graft rejection 139–41, 142 prostate 573 sirolimus 141–2 HLA‐typing 138–9 testes 798 skin itching 121 immunology 137–9 saturation biopsy 569 slow stream 467 immunosuppression 141–2 Saw Palmetto 542 small bladder syndrome 475 living donors 130, 132–3 scar contraction 23 small cell carcinomas 573 long‐term treatment 143 Scarpa fascia 617 smegma 623 organ allocation 128 scattergram 44 smooth muscle regeneration 23 organ conservation 133 schistosomiasis 400–5, 437, 764 Snodgrass‐Orkiszewski operation 631 organ donation 128–30 scrotum snowflake hypothesis 527 postoperative complications 135–6 acute 753–6 sodium bicarbonate 307 pregnancy after 143 anatomy 617 sodium reabsorption 109 preparation of recipient 128–9 embryology 70 solifenacin 478 surgical technique 133–5 function 622 sorafenib 254–5 waiting lists 128 idiopathic oedema 756, 762–3 Sparganum (sparganosis) 406 renal tubular acidosis 111 trauma 653 Spearman correlation 44–5 renal tubules 100, 102, 109–10, 111, segmented neutrophils 20 specificity 45 167–8 selectins 19–40 SPECT‐CT 572 renal veins 95, 98–9 selective oestrogen receptor sperm multiple 99 modulators (SERMs) 813 banking 796 persistent post‐cardinal 328 selective serotonin reuptake genetic disorders 805 retroaortic left 328 inhibitors (SSRIs) 714 granuloma 822 thrombosis 328 semen analysis 807–8, 819, 823 motility 808 renin 110, 325 semen culture 808 retrieval 812 renorrhaphy 197 seminal vesicles 405, 736, 818–20 spermatic cord 736 reperfusion injury 139 seminomas 791, 793–4, 795 spermatids 738 reseeding 81 Semple manoeuvre 266 spermatocele 773 retroaortic left renal vein 328 senescence 80 spermatogenesis 738 retrocaval ureter 158–9, 181 sensitivity 45 spermatogonia 738 retrograde ejaculation 518, 715, 807 sensory urgency 474–5 spinal cord compression 593 retrograde urogram 202 sentinel lymph node biopsy 696–7 spindle cell nodule 418 228–32 sepsis 211–12 splitting 467 retroperitoneal lymph node septic shock 212 spongiofibrosis 668 dissection 789–90, 795 septicaemia 212 spraying 467 retropubic (Millin) prostatectomy Serenoa repens 542 squamous cell carcinoma 516, 552–4 Sertoli cells 62, 63, 737, 738 bladder 419, 437 rhabdomyosarcoma 421 tumours 791, 797 penis 691 risk estimates 46 severance‐secret cream 714 prostate 573 rituximab 138, 142 severe sepsis 212 upper urinary tract 262 RNA viruses 76 sex cord tumours 797 squamous metaplasia 22 robotic surgery sex therapy 714 squeeze‐pause technique 714 cystectomy 428–9 sexual intercourse‐related SRY gene 61–3, 68 prostatectomy 579 incontinence 481 SS‐cream 714 simulators 32 sexually transmitted infections 664–5 staghorn calculi 281, 292 stone disease 306 SFU‐grading system 153 standard deviation 40 rod–lens system 4–6 shift to the left 20 statins 565 Royal Marsden staging 791, 793 shock wave lithotripsy 293–7, 721 statistics 39–47 shunt procedures 717 stents 17 s significance tests 42–4 stereotactic ablative radiotherapy Sacher shunt 717 sildenafil 711 583–4 sacral agenesis 371 silent bladder rupture 387–8 sterile pyuria 391 sacral nerve stimulation 479, 486 silodosin 292 steroid resistance 141

0004291378.INDD 836 13-02-2019 15:49:18 Index 837

steroidal anti‐androgens 588, 590 swimmers’ itch 402 clinical features 785 steroids 141, 230 sympathomimetics 715, 717 diagnosis 785–6 STING 161 syphilis 664–5, 764 fertility 796, 805–6 stone disease 277–311 syringocele 639 follow‐up 796 acute urinary drainage 290–1 systematic reviews 47 germ‐cell tumours 790, 791 chemolysis 306–7 systemic inflammatory response gonadoblastoma 798 clinical features 281 syndrome (SIRS) 211, 212 history 784 clinically insignificant residual imaging 786 fragments 310 t incidence 784 complications 281–2 tacrolimus 141 localised disease 793–5 epidemiology 277 tadalafil 711 lymphoma 798 formation of stones 278–9 tamoxifen 813 metastatic disease 795 hydronephrosis 171, 279 tamsulosin 292, 526, 542 non germ‐cell tumours 791, 797 investigations 282–9 targeted drugs 88 non‐seminomatous germ cell laparoscopic surgery 306 telomerase 80 tumours 791, 795 laser lithotripsy 13–14 telomeres 80 prognosis 793 medical expulsive therapy 292 temsirolimus 255 residual, refractory or relapsed medical management 289–91 TENS 486 disease 795–6 neobladders 310 tension‐free vaginal tape 482 retroperitoneal lymph node non‐absorbable sutures 24 teratocarcinoma 791 dissection 789–90, 795 observational and conservative teratospermia 804 risk factors 784–5 management 292 terbutaline 719 sarcoma 798 open surgery 306 terminal dribble 467 seminomas 791, 793–4, 795 pain control 289–90 testes spread 791 pathophysiology 277–8 agenesis 747, 749 staging 791 percutaneous anatomy 731–4 surgical excision 786–7 nephrolithotomy 302–6 arterial supply 733 treatment 793–6 pregnancy 310–11 ascending 743–4 tumor markers 83, 786 robotic surgery 306 benign swellings 769–80 undescended testes 744, 784 shock wave lithotripsy 293–7 biopsy 809–10 WHO classification 790 stone‐free rate 310 cancer see testicular cancer testicular feminisation 644–5 stone types 279–81 congenital anomalies 66–7 testicular intraepithelial neoplasia treatment algorithm 291 descent 64–6, 741–2 (TIN) 785 ureteroscopic stone fragmentation dislocation 761 testicular sperm aspiration or retrieval 297–302 duplication 749, 775–6 (TESA) 812 urinary diversions 308, 309 ectopic 64, 742–3 testicular sperm extraction (TESE) 812 stop‐start manoeuvre 714 embryology 61–7, 741–2 testosterone 62, 64, 532, 738 storage symptoms 466, 532 gumma 764 replacement therapy 724–5 straining to void 467 inflammation 761–6 THAM (THAM‐E) 307 stress cystogram 385 lymphatics 733 thiazide diuretics 110 stress urinary incontinence 376, nerve supply 734 thoracic kidney 148–9 466, 480 nonpalpable 742 TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene 596, 597 stromal AR 597 physiology 736–8 TNM classification 242, 247, 266, struvite stones 280 rectractile 743 423, 570, 692, 700, 792 study design 46–7 rupture 760 tolterodine 478 stuttering priapism 716, 719 torsion 753–5, 762, 774–5, 806 topical anaesthetics 714 Suby solution 307 trauma 756, 760–1, 806 total internal reflection 6 summary statistics 39–41 undescended 66, 742–7, 784, 805 TP53 79, 80 sunitinib 254–5 venous drainage 733 transcutaneous nerve stimulation supernumerary kidney 146 testicular appendage torsion (TENS) 486 supersaturation 278 755, 775 transition zone index 539 suprapubic catheterisation 448–9, 494 testicular cancer 783–99 transitional cell cancer surgical incisions 21–2 aetiology 784–5 bladder 419–21, 422 surgical sperm retrieval 812 bilateral 785 upper urinary tract 262 suture materials 24–5 chemotherapy 794, 795 transperineal template biopsy 594

0004291378.INDD 837 13-02-2019 15:49:18 838 Index

transplantation see renal tuberous sclerosis 259 reimplantation surgery 161 transplantation tubulointerstitial disease retrocaval 158–9, 181 transrectal ultrasound 567–8, 809 209, 211 segments 103 transureteroureteric tumour doubling time 82 stones see stone disease anastomosis 205–6 tumour markers 83, 786 strictures 185, 187 transurethral electro‐vaporization of tumour‐specific DNA 596 telescoping 114 prostate (TUVP) 557 tumour suppressor genes 78–9 trauma 200–6 transurethral incision of prostate tunica albuginea 62, 614, 732 tuberculosis 220–1 (TUIP) 547 tunica vaginalis 732 upper urinary tract transurethral microwave thermotherapy tunica vasculosa 732 obstruction 166–7 (TUMT) 527–8, 557 Turner syndrome 645 vascular disorders 321–8 transurethral needle ablation TURP syndrome 551 ureteral‐aortal fistula 501 (TUNA) 528, 557 two‐glass urine collection 525 ureteral‐arterial fistula 501 transurethral resection of bladder tyrosine kinase inhibitors 254–5 ureteral‐iliac fistula 501 tumour (TURBT) 413–17 ureteric buds 52, 155–6 transurethral resection of ejaculatory u ureteric colic 281, 288 ducts (TURED) 811 ultra‐low‐dose CT 287 ureterocele 157–8, 182 transurethral resection of prostate ultrasound ureterocutaneous fistula 502 (TURP) high‐intensity focused 598 ureteroenteric fistula 501–2 benign prostatic hyperplasia hydronephrosis 169 ureterolysis 231–2 547–51 lithotripsy 298, 304 ureteropelvic junction 105 capsule 516 penile Doppler 706 ureteroscopic stone fragmentation or post‐TURP incontinence 481 transrectal 567–8, 809 retrieval 297–302 prostate cancer 593 UTI in children 373 ureterosigmoidostomy 458–9 prostatitis 527 underactive bladder 376 ureterostomy 449 TURP syndrome 551 underpowered trial 47 ureterovaginal fistula 501 transurethral resectoscopes 10–11 undescended testes 66, 742–7, ureterovesical junction 105 transvesical prostatectomy 552 784, 805 urethra trauma Upoint phenotypic classification 527 anatomy (female) 354, 619 adrenal 346 upper urinary tract anatomy (male) 354, 617, 619 bladder 383–8 cancer 261–7 benign neoplasms 699 catheter‐related 15–16, 388 obstruction 166–7 cancer 699–701 foreskin 651–2 urachus 57, 368 caruncles 699 hydronephrosis 171 cancer 369–70, 437–8 dilation 672–3 iatrogenic 199, 200, 384, 658–60 cyst 369 diverticulum 489–90 kidney 189–200 patent 368 duplication 641–2 penis 652–3 sinus 368–9 embryology 68–70 polytrauma 198–9 ureter fistula 505 renal artery 322–3 anatomy 103–6, 353 hypermobility 480 scrotum 653 blood supply 105 inflammation 663–4 testes 756, 760–1, 806 calculi see stone disease nerve supply 355 ureter 200–6 congenital anomalies 56–7, 154–9 pelvic fracture 653, 676–80 urethra 653–60 duplication 56–7, 154–6, 181–3 physiology 355–8, 622 Treponema pallidum 664 ectopic 57, 156–7, 182 polyps 699 Trichomonas vaginalis 665 embryology 50–7, 155–6 schistosomiasis 404 tricyclic antidepressants 714, 715 fistula 203, 500–2 stenosis 489 trigone 54, 59, 353 inflammatory conditions 228–33 stones 282 trospium chloride 478 intramural segment 103, 105 stricture disease 668–76 TRUS‐guided biopsy 568–9, 594–5 lymphatics 105 trauma 653–60 tuberculosis megaureter 158, 185 urethral bulking agents 25, 483 bladder 400 neoplasms 261–7 urethral pain syndrome 467, 490–1 epididymitis 763 nerve supply 105–6 urethral plate 58 kidney 218–21 pain 106 urethral valves prostate 528 peristalsis 105, 113 anterior 640–1 ureter 220–1 physiology 113–14 posterior 635–9

0004291378.INDD 838 13-02-2019 15:49:18 Index 839

urethrectomy 434 metastable 278 virtual‐reality (VR) simulators 28–9 663–4 postorgasmic analysis 809 visual laser ablation of the prostate urethrocutaneous fistula 505 storage 356–8 (VLAP) 14 urethroplasty 673–6 urinomas 199 vitamin B12 deficiency 461 urethrovaginal fistula 505 urodynamics 468–73 vitamin D 111 urge urinary incontinence 376, uroflowmetry 481 vitamin E 721 466, 480 urogenital sinus 57–8, 68, 70 voiding postponement 376 urgency 376, 466 urolithiasis see stone disease voiding pressure studies 475–6 uric acid stones 280–1 urorectal septum 54, 56, 57 voiding symptoms 467, 532 urinary catheters 15–17, 388 urothelium volume overload 121 urinary diversion 447–62 dysplasia 417 Von Brunn’s nests 22 bladder augmentation 455–7 hyperplasia 418 von Hanseman cells 399 continent 452–61 neoplasm 417, 422 Von Hippel–Lindau disease 238 continent pouches 455–7 papillary/solid carcinoma 417, 419 follow‐up 461 papilloma 262 w incontinent 449–52 transitional cell carcinoma 262 Waldeyer’s sheath 353 intestinal conduit 449, 451–2, 461 wound healing 21–2 Wan classification 218 Mainz II diversion 461 warts 667, 699 Mansoura diversion 459 v watchful waiting 84, 541–2, 578–9 natural evacuation 458–61 vacuum erection devices 710 Waterhouse–Friderichsen nephrostomy 448 vaginal reflux 376 syndrome 334, 346 orthotopic bladder substitution validity 35–6 watering‐can perineum 670 (neobladder) 310, 453, 461 Valsalva leak point pressure 481 Weigert‐Meyer rule 56–7, 155 quality of life 461 vanillyl mandelic acid 333 Whitaker test 114, 170 stone management 308–10 vardenafil 711 Wickham’s striae 687 suprapubic catheterisation variance 40 Wilms tumour 255–7 448–9, 494 varicocele 752–3, 776–8, 805, 812 Winter shunt 717 ureterosigmoidostomy 458–9 vas deferens wolffian (mesonephric) ducts 51, ureterostomy 449 anatomy 735–6 52, 54, 56, 62 urinary incontinence 466, 480–3 congenital absence 806–7, 811 worm infestations 406 children 376–7 duplication 749 wound healing 19–25 urinary retention obstruction 807, 811 Wuchereria bancrofti 226, 770–1 acute 532, 537, 539, 544–5 vasa recta 98, 103, 110 Wunderlich syndrome 259 chronic 532, 537, 545 vascular endothelial growth factor women 489 (VEGF) 80, 254 x urinary stones see stone disease vasectomy 820–4 xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis urinary tract infection (UTI) reversal 811, 823–4 216, 218 benign prostatic hyperplasia 537 vasoepididymostomy 823 XIAFLEX® 721 catheter‐related 16 vasovasostomy 811, 823 XX(46) DSD 643, 804 children 371–5, 396 verapamil 721 XXY(47) DSD 645, 804 complicated 391 verumontanum 736 XY(46) DSD 643–5 lower 392–400 vesical sparganosis 406 XYY(47) DSD 804 pregnancy 394, 396 vesico‐amniotic shunting 638–9 recurrent 391–2, 394 vesicocutaneous fistula 504–5 y simple 391 vesico‐urachal diverticulum 368 Y chromosome microdeletions 804 uncomplicated 391 vesicoureteric junction 113–14 yolk sac tumours 791 urinary tract obstruction 112–13, congenital anomalies 159–61 Youssef’s syndrome 504 166–8 vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) 159–61, urine 183–5 z cancer biomarkers 412 vesicouterine fistula 504 zoledronic acid 588, 591–2 culture 372 vesicovaginal fistula 503–4 zona fasciculata 332, 333 cytology 411–12 videocystometrography 481 zona glomerulosa 332, 333 dipstick 372 videocystometry 476 zona reticularis 332, 333 flow rate 473, 540–1 villous adenoma 418 Zoon balanitis 665–6, 688 healing of the urinary tract 23 virilising tumours 337 Zuckerkandl fascia 96

0004291378.INDD 839 13-02-2019 15:49:18