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Oecd Expert Group for International Collaboration on Microdata Access OECD EXPERT GROUP FOR INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION ON MICRODATA ACCESS FINAL REPORT OECD, Paris, July 2014 PREFACE Providing access to microdata for statistical and research purposes is now the norm for most statistical organisations. However, most microdata access services stop at the first national boundary. International collaboration with microdata remains an exception rather than the rule. The challenge in the 21st Century is to change practices in access to microdata so that the access services can cross borders and support trans-national analysis and policy making. This is necessary to reflect the increasingly international (global) reach and impact of comparative analysis and shared policy making. This report, prepared by the OECD Expert Group for International Collaboration on Microdata Access, does not need to elaborate on the need for international collaboration in statistical development, production, dissemination and analysis as this is now fully established by other forums and initiatives. The purpose of this report is to make recommendations which, if adopted, will allow statistics organisations to change 20th century national microdata access processes into services that will support 21st century international collaboration in microdata. None of the recommendations are in themselves radical. Each can be adopted with relatively small changes in current practice. No new legislation, nor substantial new infrastructure, nor new technology is called for. Instead, the report seeks for the smarter deployment of what already exists in most OECD countries. Firstly, the Group recommends adopting an objective approach to selecting the best modality for international collaboration in microdata. Three simple and familiar models of international collaboration in microdata are described in terms of trust, method of access, and legal relationship. These terms are selected because the barriers to providing access to confidential microdata across borders are usually found in one of them. Secondly, the Group recommends using a maturity model for assessing current practices in international collaboration in microdata, and for delivering strategic change. Maturity models provide a practical way for senior leaders in statistics offices to self-assess, set targets, and strategically plan for change. Maturity modeling has proved its worth in other complex areas of business change and is described in this report in the context of international collaboration in microdata for the first time. Statistics offices with an “embedded” level of maturity will be able to participate, and innovate, in international collaboration in microdata. Thirdly the Group has concluded that change to improve international collaboration in microdata is best achieved if: a. Microdata assets and practices use a common terminology derived from a recognised glossary. b. Trust in international delivery partners and data users is objectively established according to a circle of trust model. c. The costs, benefits, and risk management of microdata access are made more transparent. d. International collaboration with microdata is made part of core statistical business planning. The detailed recommendations of the Expert Group are presented in the report to assist statistics offices that wish to make positive and planned movements in their international microdata collaboration maturity. Paul J. Jackson Office for National Statistics, United Kingdom Chair of the OECD Expert Group for International Collaboration on Microdata Access ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Executive Summary of this report presents the conclusions of the work of the OECD Expert Group for International Collaboration on Microdata Access. Members of the Expert Group include representatives from National Statistical Offices and Eurostat: Jenine Borowik and Merry Branson (Australian Bureau of Statistics), Youri Baeyens and Mona Kombadjian (Belgium), Heather Dryburgh (Statistics Canada), Ximena Clark (Banco Central de Chile) and Juan Radrigán (INE, Chile), Ondřej Vozár (Czech Republic), Ivan Thaulow (Statistics Denmark), Ioannis Nicolaidis (Statistics Greece), Tuulikki Sillajõe (Statistics Estonia), Michel Isnard (INSEE, France), Maurice Brandt (Destatis, Germany), Zoltán Vereczkei (Central Bureau of Statistics of Hungary), Brian Negin (Central Bureau of Statistics of Israel), Luisa Franconi (ISTAT, Italy), Hideaki Nakamura (Statistics Japan), Gihyeong Ryoo (Statistics Korea), Natalia Volkow (INEGI, Mexico), Leo Engberts (Statistics Netherlands), Hamish James (Statistics New Zealand), Johan- Kristian Tønder (Statistics Norway), Tomaz Smrekar (Statistics Slovenia), Claus-Göran Hjelm and Eva Nilsson (Statistics Sweden), Anne Balzli-Prysi (Statistics Switzerland), Ilker Guven and Nalan Eviren (Statistics Turkey), Paul J. Jackson (United Kingdom Office for National Statistics), Brian Harris-Kojetin (Office of Budget and Management of the United States); and Aleksandra Bujnowska (Statistical Office of the European Union, Eurostat). Mariarosa Lunati from the OECD Statistics Directorate assisted in the preparation of this report. Young-tae Son from Statistics Korea compiled the Glossary for International Microdata Access during his secondment in the Statistics Directorate. Merry Branson (Australian Bureau of Statistics) and Hamish James (Statistics New Zealand) provided detailed comments. François Fonteneau (FAO and OECD Paris 21) and Steve Vale (UNECE) contributed with input and advice. Expert Group members contributed to individual chapters of this report, either as lead authors or contributors: Zoltán Vereczkei (Chapter 2); Maurice Brandt (Chapter 4); Brian Negin, Paul Jackson and Aleksandra Bujnowska (Chapter 5); Natalia Volkow (Chapter 6); Claus-Göran Hjelm and Eva Nilsson (Chapter 7); Aleksandra Bujnowska (Chapter 8); Luisa Franconi (Chapter 9); Brian Negin (Chapter 10); Paul Jackson (Chapter 11); Heather Dryburgh, Tuulikki Sillajõe and Tomaz Smrekar (Chapter 12); Leo Engberts (Chapter 13); Luisa Franconi and Daniela Ichim (Chapter 14); Ivan Thaulow, Johan-Kristian Tønder and Claus-Göran Hjelm (Chapter 15); Tuulikki Sillajõe (Chapter 16); and Melissa Gare and C. Chien (Chapter 17). The views expressed in the Chapters are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of their respective organisations. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................................... 2 PART I. SPEAKING THE SAME LANGUAGE ..................................................................................... 22 CHAPTER 1. GLOSSARY OF TERMS ...................................................................................................... 23 CHAPTER 2. METADATA FOR INTERNATIONAL MICRODATA ACCESS ...................................... 26 CHAPTER 3. REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES ON MICRODATA ................................. 33 ANNEX I.A1. GLOSSARY FOR INTERNATIONAL MICRODATA ACCESS....................................... 36 PART II. TRUST ......................................................................................................................................... 60 CHAPTER 4. ESTABLISHING TRUSTED PARTNERS IN DELIVERING MICRODATA SERVICES 61 CHAPTER 5. SANCTIONS FOR BREACH OF CONFIDENTIALITY ..................................................... 66 CHAPTER 6. STANDARIDISED APPLICATION PROCESS FOR MICRODATA ACCESS................. 73 CHAPTER 7. CASE STUDY: A CIRCLE OF TRUST IN NORDIC COUNTRIES ................................... 80 CHAPTER 8. CASE STUDY: MICRODATA ACCESS IN THE EUROPEAN STATISTICAL SYSTEM84 ANNEX II.A1. SANCTIONS FOR BREACH OF CONFIDENTIALITY OF THE EU DATA ................. 89 ANNEX II.A2. LEGISLATION IN OECD COUNTRIES AND MUTUAL STATISTICAL AGREEMENTS ............................................................................................................................................ 91 PART III. INFORMATION AS AN ECONOMIC RESOURCE ........................................................... 97 CHAPTER 9. INTERNATIONAL ACCESS THROUGH PUBLIC USE FILES ........................................ 98 CHAPTER 10. LICENSING PUBLIC USE FILES ................................................................................... 111 CHAPTER 11. MICRODATA EXCHANGE AND THE CHALLENGES OF OPEN DATA AND TRANSPARENCY ..................................................................................................................................... 128 PART IV. MAKING MICRODATA ACCESS OUR BUSINESS ........................................................ 137 CHAPTER 12. MICRODATA ACCESS AND THE GSBPM ................................................................... 138 CHAPTER 13. PROCESS FLOW AND COSTS OF A DATA ACCESS SERVICE................................ 154 CHAPTER 14. NEW MICRODATA DISSEMINATION SYSTEMS ...................................................... 162 CHAPTER 15. CASE STUDY: RELEASING THE VALUE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SOURCES ........ 169 CHAPTER 16. CASE STUDY: NEW PRACTICES IN MICRODATA ACCESS IN ESTONIA ............ 173 CHAPTER 17. CASE STUDY: CONFIDENTIALITY ON THE FLY IN AUSTRALIA......................... 178 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Key points In 2011, the OECD Expert Group for International Collaboration on Microdata Access was formed to examine the challenges for cross-border collaboration with microdata. The challenges are many and in
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