Program Contents
General Information ASA Book Room...... 1 Emergency Phone Numbers...... 1 Plenary Sessions...... 1 Special Events...... 1 Check-out ...... 1 Many thanks to …...... 1 The ASA Spirit ...... 1 2009 ASA Annual Meeting Schedule Friday, 31 July 2009...... 2 Saturday, 1 August 2009 ...... 2 Sunday, 2 August 2009...... 4 Monday, 3 August 2009...... 5 Abstracts
PLENARY SESSIONS Charlie Duke...... 6 Mario Beauregard...... 6 Gerald Cleaver...... 6 Robert B Mann...... 6 James Tour...... 6 Perla L Manapol...... 6
SOCIAL SCIENCES Matthew S Stanford and David Philpott ...... 6 Byron R Johnson, Elizabeth Kelly, and Sung Joon Jang ...... 7 Sung Joon Jang and Byron R Johnson...... 7 Wade C Rowatt...... 7 Elisa Zhai...... 7 *Andrew Whitehead...... 8 Michael G Tenneson and Steve A Badger...... 8
SCIENCE AND THEOLOGY Paul H Seely...... 8 Carol A Hill...... 8 Denis O Lamoureux...... 9 Rodney J Whitefield...... 9 Ray Williams...... 9 Dick Fischer...... 9 Janel M Curry ...... 10 William A Dembski...... 10
HISTORY OF SCIENCE *Bethany N Sollereder...... 10 Michael N Keas...... 11 Steve A Badger and Michael G Tenneson...... 11
CHRISTIANITY AND THEPOSSIBILITY OF A MULTIVERSE Gerald Cleaver...... 11 Robert Bishop...... 11 Bruce Gordon ...... 12 Dave Rogstad and Hugh Ross ...... 12
*Student or early career scientist presenting a paper through donated scholarships. PHILOSOPHY, RELIGION, AND SCIENCE John W Hall ...... 12 Don Petcher...... 12 Paul Arveson ...... 13
SCIENCE AND THE CHURCH Fred S Hickernell ...... 13 John C Munday...... 13 Ken Wolgemuth and Gregory S Bennett...... 14
ENVIRONMENT Leslie Wickman...... 14 Craig Rusbult...... 14 Keith B Miller...... 14 Lin Allen...... 15 Johnny Wei-Bing Lin...... 15 Jay Hollman, Jerry Risser, and Joseph Sheldon...... 16 Steven G Hall...... 16 Sean M Cordry...... 16
EDUCATION Kimberly C Dawes ...... 16 William B Collier...... 17 Jerry R Bergman...... 17 Ide P Trotter...... 17 James Peterson...... 17
ORIGINS Loren Haarsma and Stephen Meyer...... 18 Dennis R Venema...... 18 C John Collins ...... 18 Daniel Harlow ...... 18 John Schneider...... 19 Robert Kaita...... 19 Richard V Sternberg ...... 19 Douglas Axe ...... 19 Robert J Marks II and William A Dembski...... 20 David Campbell ...... 20 David Snoke ...... 20
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN SERVICE OF THE POOR Steven W Bradley ...... 20 Brian Thomas ...... 21 Walter L Bradley and Elisa Guzman-Teipel ...... 21 Stanton Greer ...... 21 Dominic M Halsmer ...... 21 William M Jordan, Brian Thomas, and Ryan McGhee ...... 21
CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIVES ON THE SOUL Edward B Davis ...... 22 Sara Joan Miles...... 22 Rodney J Scott ...... 22
MISCELLANEOUS Kenell J Touryan...... 22 Harry Lee Poe...... 23
ASTRONOMY Joseph L Spradley ...... 23 Rollin A King ...... 23 Richard G McClure ...... 24
Presenters’ Contact Information ...... 25
Index of Presenters...... 27
ASA Business Meeting Agenda ...... 30 General Information
ASA Book Room A book room featuring books of interest to attendees will be in the George W Truett Theological Seminary (Truett) Great Hall. Hours are as follows: Friday: 2:00 PM–5:00 PM Saturday: 8:30 AM–4:00 PM; 7:30–9:00 PM Sunday: 11:30 AM–3:30 PM Monday: 8:30 AM–1:30 PM
Emergency Phone Numbers Baylor Public Safety: 254.710.2222 (10:00 PM–7:00 AM) Events Services: 254.710.7808 (7:00 AM–10:00 PM)
Plenary Sessions All plenary sessions will be held in Truett 121. Friday: 7:00 PM Charlie Duke, “The Race to the Moon” Saturday: 8:30 AM Mario Beauregard,“The Neuroscience of Spirituality” 1:00 PM Gerald Cleaver, “The Multiverse—Next Step in Our Growing Perception of Reality?” Robert Mann, “Believing in Everything?” Sunday: 10:15 AM James Tour, “Nanotechnology and Standing as a Christian in the Academy” 7:00 PM Perla Manapol, “South to South: Appropriate Technology Transfer for Poverty Alleviation”
Special Events Friday: 8:30 AM Workshop: “Teaching about Science and Christianity” –Truett 107 8:15 PM Fellowship Mixer –Truett Great Hall Saturday: 7:00 AM Publications Breakfast Meeting –Penland Hall cafeteria 12:00 PM Women in Science Luncheon –Penland Hall cafeteria 5:30 PM ASA Business Meeting –Truett 121 6:45 PM Texas Barbecue –Blume Conference Center, 5th floor followed by Line Dancing –Truett Great Hall 9:00 PM Students and Early Career Network Outing Sunday: 11:45 AM Students and Early Career Network Luncheon –Penland Hall cafeteria 11:45 AM Fellows Luncheon –Penland Hall cafeteria 8:15 PM InterVarsity Graduate Faculty Reception –Truett Great Hall
Check-out Monday: 2:00 PM Please leave your completed evaluation form at the ASA registration table. If you are staying in the university dorm, please leave your linens rolled up on your bed.
Many thanks to … • Program Chair Walter Bradley and Local Arrangements Chair William Jordan. • Program Committee: Walter Bradley, Gerald Cleaver, Edward Davis, Byron Johnson, William Jordan, and Matthew Stanford. • Line Dancing Instructor Ann Bradley. We are especially thankful for the donors who contributed to the Students and Early Career Scientists’ Scholarship Fund.
The ASA Spirit The American Scientific Affiliation encourages thoughtful and provocative scientific presentations and discussions. Presenters and discussants are expected to maintain a humble and loving attitude toward individuals who have a different opinion.
Baylor University, Waco, TX 1 2009 ASA Annual Meeting Schedule
All sessions will be held in the George W. Truett Theological Seminary (Truett). Abstracts for each session are listed on the page numbers in parentheses.
Friday, 31 July 2009
8:00 AM Departure from Baylor Visitors Center parking lot u Dinosaur Valley, Paluxy River near Glen Rose (returns 1:30 PM)
8:30 AM Departure from Baylor Visitors Center parking lot u HOT (Heart of Texas) Renewable Energy Tour (returns 12:30 PM)
8:30 AM–4:30 PM Workshop: “Teaching about Science and Christianity,” Ted Davis and Deborah Haarsma –Truett 107
1:30 PM Departure from Baylor Visitors Center parking lot u Waco Wetlands, Waco Cameron Park Zoo and Waco Cameron Park (returns 5:00 PM) u Mayborn Museum, Ranger Hall of Fame & Museum, Texas Sports Hall of Fame (returns 5:00 PM)
5:30 PM Dinner –Penland Hall cafeteria
6:45 PM Welcome –Truett 121 Walter Bradley, Program Chair Bill Jordan, Local Arrangements Chair
7:00 PM Plenary Session I. Moderated by Walter Bradley –Truett 121 (6) Charlie Duke, “The Race to the Moon”
8:15 PM Fellowship Mixer –Truett Great Hall
Saturday, 1 August 2009
7:00 AM Breakfast –Penland Hall cafeteria Publications Breakfast Meeting, Arie Leegwater presiding
8:00 AM Devotions, Ken Touryan –Truett 121
8:30 AM Plenary Session II. Moderated by Matthew Stanford –Truett 121 (6) Mario Beauregard, “The Neuroscience of Spirituality”
9:30 AM Refreshment Break
Parallel I-A. Social Sciences I-B. Science and Theology I-C. History of Science Session I Truett 121 (6–8) Truett 113 (8–10) Truett 107 (10–11)
10:00 AM Matthew S. Stanford, 10:00 AM Paul H. Seely, “Does the Bible Bethany N. Sollereder, “Perceptions and Knowledge Use Phenomenal Language?” “The Darwin-Gray Exchange” of Mental Illness in the Local Church: A Survey of Texas Baptist Pastors”
10:30 AM Byron R. Johnson, “Religiosity and Delinquency: A Meta 10:45 AM Carol A. Hill, “The Worldview Michael N. Keas, “Darwinism, Analysis” Approach to Biblical Fundamentalism, and R. A. Interpretation and Origins: Torrey: Issues in Science and What It Is and How It Differs Christianity from 1889 to 1925” 11:00 AM Sung Joon Jang, “Why Do from Accommodation” Black Youth Use Drugs Less than White Youth?”
11:30 AM Wade C. Rowatt, “Associations 11:30 AM Denis O. Lamoureux, Steve A. Badger, “Pentecostal among Religiousness, Social “The Sin-Death Problem: Responses to Evolution: Attitudes, and Prejudice in a Toward an Evolutionary A Historical Overview” National Random Sample of Creationist Solution” American Adults”
2 2009 ASA Annual Meeting Saturday, 1 August 2009
Saturday, 1 August 2009
12:00 PM Lunch –Penland Hall cafeteria Women in Science Luncheon
1:00 PM Plenary Session III. –Truett 121 (6) Gerald Cleaver, “The Multiverse—Next Step in Our Growing Perception of Reality?" and Robert Mann, “Believing in Everything?”
Parallel II-A. Social Sciences II-B. Science and Theology Symposium I Christianity and the Session II (continued) (continued) Possibility of a Multiverse Gerald Cleaver, Moderator Truett 107 (6–8) Truett 113 (8–10) Truett 121 (11–12)
2:00 PM Elisa Zhai, “Reframing the U.S. Rodney J. Whitefield, 2:00 PM Gerald Cleaver, “The String Religious Landscape: “The Fourth Creative ‘Day’ Multiverse, the Cosmological Assessing the Impact of Asian of Genesis: Answering the Anthropic Principle, and Americans” Questions about the Sun Anselm’s Ontological and the Moon” Argument”
2:20 PM 2:30 PM Andrew Whitehead, “God or Ray Williams, “What Kind of Robert Bishop, “The Doctrine Greed? The ‘American Dream,’ Days Are These?” of Creation and Cosmology” Religion, and White-Collar Crime”
3:00 PM Michael G. Tenneson, Dick Fischer, “Historical Adam” 3:00 PM Bruce Gordon, “Multiversal “Measuring Pentecostal Misgivings: Negating the Attitudes and Beliefs about Naturalistic Universal Origins” Possibilism of Multiverse Cosmology” 3:30 PM Refreshment Break
Parallel III-A. Philosophy, Religion, III-B. Science and the Church 3:40 PM Refreshment Break Session III and Science Truett 107 (12–13) Truett 113 (13–14)
4:00 PM John W. Hall, “How to Think Fred S. Hickernell, “A Church 4:00 PM Dave Rogstad, “Does the about Chance and Purpose” Course on Science and Faith Multiverse Eliminate the Need for Adults” for God?”
4:30 PM Don Petcher, “Methodological John C. Munday, “Elements of 4:40 PM Summary Panel Discussion Naturalism: Necessary for the Scientific Method in Science or Superfluous?” Scripture” Panelists: Robert Bishop 5:00 PM Paul Arveson, “Zero, One, Ken Wolgemuth and Gerald Cleaver Two, Three: The Dimensions of Gregory S. Bennett, “Pastors Bruce Gordon Religious Thought” Need to Hear from Christian Robert Mann Geologists” Dave Rogstad
5:30 PM ASA Business Meeting –Truett 121. Everyone is welcome.
6:45 PM Texas Barbecue –Blume Conference Center, 5th floor followed by Line Dancing –Truett Great Hall
9:00 PM Students and Early Career Network Outing
Baylor University, Waco, TX 3 Sunday, 2 August 2009
Sunday, 2 August 2009
7:30 AM Breakfast –Penland Hall cafeteria
9:15 AM Worship Service –Truett 121 Michael Abbaté, “Gardening Eden — How Creation Care Will Change Your Faith, Your Life, and Our World”
10:15 AM Plenary Session IV. –Truett 121 (6) James Tour, “Nanotechnology and Standing as a Christian in the Academy”
11:45 AM Lunch –Penland Hall cafeteria Students and Early Career Network Luncheon Fellows Luncheon
Parallel IV-A. Environment IV-B. Education Symposium II Origins: Part I Session IV Truett 113 (14–16) Truett 107 (16–17) Truett 121 (18–20)
1:00 PM Leslie Wickman, “Cultivating Kimberly C. Dawes, “Nature 1:00 PM Loren Haarsma and a Personal Christian Study for K–12 Education” Stephen Meyer, “Four Myths Environmental Ethic” about Intelligent Design and Four Myths about Theistic 1:30 PM Craig Rusbult, “Teaching William B. Collier, “Integration Evolution” Christian Stewardship using of Christian Worldview into Design Method” Science Teaching: Teaching Philosophy of Science to General Chemistry Lab Students”
2:00 PM Keith B. Miller, “Natural History Jerry R. Bergman, “A Survey as a Foundation for Creation of How the Subject of Origins Stewardship” Is Taught”
2:30 PM Lin Allen, “Sonar Training: Ide Trotter, “Science vs. 2:30 PM Dennis Venema, “Human Stewardship and the Religion in the Controversy Genomics: Vestiges of Eden or Supreme Court” over Texas Science Textbook Skeletons in the Closet?” Standards”
3:00 PM Refreshment Break James Peterson, “Better 3:15 PM Refreshment Break Thinking through Chemistry: A Theological Prescription”
Parallel V-A. Environment V-B. Science and Technology Session V (continued) in Service of the Poor Truett 113 (14–16) Truett 107 (20–21)
3:30 PM Johnny Wei-Bing Lin, Steven W. Bradley, 3:30 PM Two Theological Perspectives “On Eschewing a Policy- “The Role of Comparative C. John Collins, “Were Adam Prescriptive Role for Science in Advantage, Distributed Agency, and Eve Historical Figures? Environmental Controversies” and Distributed Knowledge in Yes, Indeed!” Sustainable Economic Development” Daniel Harlow, “Adam and Eve as Symbolic Figures in Biblical 4:00 PM Jay Hollman, “The Ethics of Brian Thomas, “Microhydro- Literature” and Meat Consumption” Generation of Electricity: John Schneider, “Genetic Providing Physical and Science and Christianity’s Story Spiritual Light in Honduras” of Human Origins: An Aesthetic ‘Supra-Lapsarianism’” 4:30 PM Steven G. Hall, “Use of Bio- Walter L. Bradley, engineered Artificial Reefs for “Serving the Poor by Making Ecological Restoration and Better Cook Stoves” Carbon Sequestration”
5:00 PM Sean M. Cordry, “The Spilling Stanton Greer, “Coconut Quiver: Sunshine, Composites: New Products to the Commons, and the Bless Poor Coconut Farmers” Temple of the Lord”
5:45 PM Dinner –Penland Hall cafeteria
7:00 PM Plenary Session V. –Truett 121 (6) Perla Manapol, “South to South: Appropriate Technology Transfer for Poverty Alleviation”
8:15 PM Reception for InterVarsity Graduate Faculty hosted by Terry Morrison –Truett Great Hall
4 2009 ASA Annual Meeting Monday, 3 August 2009
Monday, 3 August 2009
7:00 AM Breakfast –Penland Hall cafeteria
8:00 AM Devotions, Rod Scott –Truett 121
Parallel VI-A. Christian VI-B. Science and Technology in Service Symposium II Origins: Part II Session VI Perspectives on the Soul of the Poor (continued) (continued) Truett 107 (22) Truett 113 (20–21) Truett 121 (18–20)
8:30 AM Edward B. Davis, 8:30 AM Dominic M. Halsmer, 8:30 AM Robert Kaita, “Personal “Evolution and the Image “Worldview by Affordance- Computer Application of God: Historical Based Reverse Programs as Tools for Reflections on Science, Engineering of Complex Conceptualizing Aspects Morality, and Natural Systems” of Evolutionary Theory” Human Nature” 9:00 AM William M. Jordan, 9:00 AM Richard Sternberg, 9:15 AM Sara Joan Miles, “Body “A Christian Approach to “The Generation of and Soul: Biological the Ethics of International Essential RNA Messages Theories of Generation and Development Projects” from Pseudogene Theological Theories of Transcripts Ensoulment” by Exemplar Causation” VI-C. Miscellaneous Truett 113 (22–23)
9:30 AM Kenell J. Touryan, 9:45 AM Douglas Axe, “Science and Faith Issues “The Information Required in Islam: Is There for Metabolic Innovation, an Avenue of and Why the Darwinian Rapprochement between Mechanism Is Not Apt ASAers and Practicing to Be Its Source” Muslim Scientists?”
10:00 AM Rodney J. Scott, “Relating 10:00 AM Harry Lee Poe, “Edgar Body and Soul: A Collision Allan Poe’s Big Bang between Theology, Theory and the Power of Science, and Good Imagination” Intentions”
10:30 AM Refreshment Break 10:30 AM Refreshment Break 10:30 AM Refreshment Break
Parallel VII-A. Astronomy VII-B. Science and Theology (continued) Session VII Truett 113 (23–24) Truett 107 (8–10)
11:00 AM Joseph L. Spradley, Janel M. Curry, “God and Nature: 11:00 AM Robert J. Marks II and “Importance of the Moon An Analysis of Post Katrina and William A. Dembski, for Life on Earth” Asian Tsunami Sermons” “Evolutionary Informatics: Measuring the Cost of Success”
11:30 AM Rollin A. King, “Chemistry William A. Dembski, “The Retroactive 11:30 AM David Campbell, “The in Counterfactual Effects of the Fall” Origin of Higher Taxa” Universes”
12:00 PM Richard G. McClure, 12:00 PM David Snoke, “Is It Wrong “The Star of Bethlehem: to Quantify Wonder?” How a Near-Earth Asteroid Explains the Magi’s Star”
12:45 PM Lunch –Penland Hall cafeteria
8:00 AM– Check-out. 2:00 PM Please leave your completed evaluation form at the ASA registration table. If you are staying in the university dorm, please leave your linens rolled up on your bed.
Baylor University, Waco, TX 5 Abstracts
current univercentric era). The proper- graphene-materials and electronics, PLENARY SESSIONS ties of a string/M-theory multiverse and nanocars. Then several stories will will be summarized. The ekpyrotic be told from two decades of teaching in model will be discussed as an example. both public and private universities. Friday 7:00 PM These will be presented to serve as an The Race to the Moon Saturday 1:00 PM encouragement to those Christians who are working in secular universities Charlie Duke Believing in Everything? and companies. Astronaut Duke will refresh us about Robert B Mann the space race of the 1960s with an Sunday 7:00 PM One of the most intriguing scientific emphasis on Apollo and its history. meta-lessons of the last fifty years is He will relate his personal experiences. South to South: that our universe is uncommon: Of the nine flights to the moon, Appropriate Technology Transfer for out of all possible universes one might Astronaut Duke was involved conceive, ours has specialized features Poverty Alleviation with five of these missions. that make it suitable for life. In recent Perla L Manapol years, both theology and science have Saturday 8:30 AM Why, and how, technology transfer for been trying to come to grips with the poverty alleviation should be patterned The Neuroscience of Spirituality relevance and significance of this after the “South to South” concept, finding. Is it the Creator’s thumbprint? Mario Beauregard based on “lessons learned.” What Is it indicative of a particular unified works in the developed world does not During his lecture, Dr. Beauregard will theory? Or is it an inevitable conse- necessarily work in the developing review clinical data about patients quence of our universe being a small world. with epilepsy suggesting a role for the part of a multiverse, a much larger temporal lobe and the limbic system structure in which every admissible in religious, spiritual, and mystical possibility is actually realized? This SOCIAL SCIENCES experiences (RSMEs). The possibility last idea, growing in popularity of experimentally inducing such amongst scientists, raises questions experiences by stimulating the about issues that are at the very core Saturday 10:00 AM temporal lobe with weak electro- of both science and theology. magnetic currents will be examined. Perceptions and Knowledge of After a brief review of the multiverse The findings of brain imaging studies Mental Illness in the Local Church: paradigm, I shall discuss the implica- of RSMEs carried out during the last A Survey of Texas Baptist Pastors tions this idea has for both science and decade will also be reviewed. Last, Matthew S Stanford and David Philpott Christian theology. I will then address these findings and the phenomenology the motivational issues that underlie Historically, psychologists have tended of RSMEs in regard to the mind-brain the multiverse, issues that lie at the to view clergy as mental health problem will be discussed. heart of theological thinking and “gatekeepers.” In this role, clergy are scientific practice. I shall close with thought to function as a referral source Saturday 1:00 PM the challenges that the multiverse for psychologists who then provide The Multiverse—Next Step in paradigm presents for followers of direct mental health services to the Our Growing Perception of Reality? Jesus exploring God’s world of endless client. Due in part to limited training in wonder. Emile Cammaert wrote that the recognition of serious mental Gerald Cleaver the first effect of not believing in God illness and/or misguided beliefs about I review the 20-year history of modern is to believe in anything. Is science now the origin of these disorders, this string/M theory that has led to the compelling us to believe in everything? process appears to be inefficient at best. current theorized string landscape and Previous research with individuals its proposed realization in a multiverse Sunday 10:15 AM diagnosed with mental illness who of at least 10500 causally independent have sought assistance from the church universes. I will then consider the Nanotechnology and Standing as a in relation to their disorder suggests concept of multiverse as it naturally fits Christian in the Academy that individuals in the local church, as the next possible step in human- James Tour particularly conservative and charis- kind’s understanding of reality (which matic congregations, are denying or is reaching this stage after chronologi- An overview of nanotechnology as dismissing a high percentage of mental cally passing through the three-tiered performed in the presenter’s laboratory disorder diagnoses. When a church model, the geocentric, heliocentric, and will be given. This will cover topics denies the existence of an individual’s galacticentric paradigms, and the such as carbon nanotubes- and
6 2009 ASA Annual Meeting SOCIAL SCIENCES mental disorder, the clients are then delinquency. We find the research parent and peer drug users, religious more likely to be told that the cause of literature is not disparate or inconclu- upbringing, and religiosity. their psychological problem is solely sive as previous studies have spiritual in nature. suggested. Religious measures are Saturday 11:30 AM generally inversely related to deviance, To better understand this phenomenon and this is especially true among the Associations among Religiousness, the present study reports data from most rigorous studies. Social Attitudes, and a survey of Texas Baptist pastors’ perceptions and knowledge of mental As social scientists continue to examine Prejudice in a National Random illness. Analysis of the data shows that the neglected topic of religion, this Sample of American Adults Baptist pastors will, in general, endorse paper is a reminder that measurement Wade C Rowatt both organic and psychological treat- issues around a complex topic like Psychologists have devoted consider- ment models (e.g., cognitive religion are extremely important. able theoretical and empirical attention behavioral, humanistic) for mental The findings further indicate that to the scientific study of social attitudes health problems when these models future research on delinquency and and prejudice. Most of these studies are congruent with their theological crime may gain explanatory power as were conducted with relatively small, belief system. However, when scholars consider incorporating nonrepresentative samples of college participants were asked to rate religious variables into relevant students. the contribution of various factors theoretical models. (e.g., chemical imbalances, spiritual In this study, we analyzed self-report poverty) to specific mental disorders, Saturday 11:00 AM data from a random probability sample there was significant variation between with over 1,500 American adults. what would be considered more severe Why Do Black Youth Use Drugs Participants answered questions about psychopathology (e.g., schizophrenia) Less than White Youth? their religiousness, right-wing authori- and disorders such as depression and Sung Joon Jang and Byron R Johnson tarianism, political ideology, anxiety disorders. More severe psycho- demographic characteristics, and pathology was thought to be While previous studies find that black attitudes toward persons in historically predominately the result of organic youth engage in drug use less than disadvantaged social groups (i.e., ethnic factors while depression and anxiety white youth, explanations of minorities, homosexual individuals). disorders were thought to result from black-white differences are generally In support of the selective intolerance a combination of both organic and not considered from a developmental hypothesis, general religiousness was spiritual factors. perspective. To address this issue, we employ nationally representative data associated with less-accepting attitudes The implications of these results for spanning childhood through young toward homosexuals and negligibly increasing collaboration between the adulthood. Specifically, we hypothe- with general racial prejudice. These Christian and mental health com- size that black youth tend to use drugs, associations remained when control- munities will be discussed. licit and illicit, less than white youth ling for some other known individual during adolescence and young adult- differences in prejudice. Saturday 10:30 AM hood. We also hypothesize that the We tentatively conclude that general race differences in drug use are Religiosity and Delinquency: religiousness is not associated with expected partly because black youth universal acceptance of others. Rather, A Meta Analysis are less likely to be raised by parents general religiousness appears to be Byron R Johnson, Elizabeth Kelly, who smoke, drink, and/or use illicit linked with selective self-reported and Sung Joon Jang drugs; less likely to have drug-using intolerance toward persons perceived The influence of religion on delin- friends; more likely to grow up within to behave in a manner inconsistent quency has been debated for more than an evangelical Protestant religion; and with some traditional religious 40 years, and yet there remains a lack more likely to be religiously involved teachings. of consensus about the nature of this than white youth. relationship. In an effort to bring objec- We first test these hypotheses contem- Saturday 2:00 PM tive clarity to this area, the current poraneously by estimating a series of study assesses the religion-delinquency regression models, using Reframing the US Religious literature by utilizing a meta-analysis— latent-variable structural equation Landscape: Assessing the a methodological approach that makes modeling (SEM) as well as ordinary Impact of Asian Americans it possible to review in a systematic least squares. We also test these Elisa Zhai and summary fashion, a specific body hypotheses longitudinally by applying of research. SEM to estimate a three-wave panel The American religious landscape has model. Results support the first become more diverse during the past The current meta-analysis uncovered half century. The dramatic increase of 255 journal articles published between hypothesis, and show that the race differences in drug use during young nonwhite new immigrants continues 1944 and 2008. Each of these studies to challenge the outlook of American specifically examined the role of adulthood are due partly to black-white differentials in exposure to religion. However, little empirical religion within the context of studying research has examined to what extent
Baylor University, Waco, TX 7 SOCIAL SCIENCES the rising population of Asian Saturday 3:00 PM really just phenomenal language. What immigrants helps to shape American is the definition of phenomenal religious secularization or diversifica- Measuring Pentecostal Attitudes language? tion. and Beliefs about Origins Michael G Tenneson and Steve A Badger What is the “historical-grammatical” Utilizing data from multiple national interpretation of Scripture, and why is surveys over the last two decades, The authors report on origins surveys it important? Does Genesis 1 speak of we find significant movement in terms taken by a large number of Pentecostal a solid sky, or is that just phenomenal of religious affiliation among Asian students and educators. The reliability, language? What does the historical Americans. These surveys consistently content validity, and construct validity context of the Old and New Testa- document that a majority of Asian of the surveys were determined to be ments tell us about this question, and immigrants in the US are Christian. high. Response analyses supported the what does the biblical text tell us? Further, from a religious market grouping of respondent positions on Are the biblical statements that the sun perspective, Protestant Asian origins into three theistic categories: is rising and setting just phenomenal immigrants tend to be more successful young earth creation, old earth language? Did the writers of the Bible in passing along their religion to future creation, and evolutionary creation. mean the same thing that we do when generations as compared with Asian Responses of survey takers were often we say the sun is rising and setting? Catholics or Buddhists. inconsistent with their stated positions, What does the historical context of the Implications of Asian immigrants on indicating that we need to improve our Old and New Testaments tell us? What influencing American Protestantism teaching of origins. The results of the does the biblical context tell us, and and the issues regarding “other” survey also indicate that Pentecostal what is the surprising thing the non-Christian Asian Americans are educators hold diverse opinions on Hebrew text tells us that is rarely ever discussed. the age of the universe and on macro- mentioned? Must the Bible use evolution. Consequently, a Christian’s phenomenal language in order to be Saturday 2:30 PM position on creation-evolution should inerrant? not serve as the litmus test for God or Greed? orthodoxy. Saturday 10:45 AM The “American Dream,” Religion, These surveys have been used by The Worldview Approach to and White-Collar Crime several teachers to examine the breadth Andrew Whitehead and depth of the knowledge and Biblical Interpretation and Origins: opinions of their students regarding What It Is and How It Differs Why seemingly successful individuals from Accommodation commit white-collar crimes has origins and as a pre-post evaluation of Carol A Hill puzzled researchers ever since instructional effectiveness. Teachers of science, theology, or Bible courses Edwin Sutherland categorized this The Worldview Approach is a new should find the survey and other type of criminal activity in 1939. way of interpreting Scripture in the resources presented here useful. They Current scholarship points to fear of Science-Origins debate. It is similar to can help teachers to present various economic loss or low self-control as “Accommodation”—used in the theistic perspectives on origins in a important variables to consider. specific sense of Seely and way that reinforces students’ faith in Lamoureux—in that it incorporates the Recently, Institutional Anomie Theory the Creator and the trustworthiness of pre-ingrained scientific and historical (IAT) was applied to this question. the Bible while instilling confidence in ideas of the biblical authors into the Moderate support for the theory the merits of the methods of the natural text. However, it differs from “Accom- predicting white-collar crime was sciences. This paper supplements modation” in that it maintains that found (Shoepfer and Piquero, 2006). “Pentecostal Responses to God does not accommodate untruths; Religion was noticeably absent from Macroevolution: A Historical rather, he enters into the time line of the societal institutions described in Overview,” another paper by the human history to give his revelation to the IAT study. Is religion, as an institu- authors. the biblical authors who then accom- tion, significantly associated with modate it according to their own the prevalence of white-collar crime? worldview. It is this question the present study SCIENCE AND THEOLOGY hopes to answer. The Worldview Approach also differs from “Accommodation” in that it In a state-level analysis of white-collar Saturday 10:00 AM maintains that Adam and Eve, Noah, crime, religion does not have an effect and the patriarchs were historical on white-collar crime rates. Reasons Does the Bible Use people and that the Garden of Eden for this finding as well as possibilities Phenomenal Language? and the Flood were historical events. to further explore this relationship are Paul H Seely In the matter of Origins, Adam was not also discussed. From the time of Calvin to the present the first human to have lived; however, the claim has been made that some he was the first human to directly statements in the Bible, which if taken interact with God and the first to be literally would be scientific errors, are made a living soul (spirit).
8 2009 ASA Annual Meeting SCIENCE AND THEOLOGY
The Worldview Approach also life-changing Messages of Faith. Saturday 2:30 PM maintains that the Old Testament is In this way, the origin of life, concerned with only the genealogical including human life, in the early What Kind of Days Are These? line of Adam to Christ, not with the chapters of Genesis is cast in ancient Ray Williams line of pre-Adamite humans. There- scientific categories. For many, the question concerning the fore, while Adam and Eve cannot be Consistency argues that this is also antiquity of the earth is a settled issue. considered to be the parents of the the case with the origin of death. However, there are a significant whole human race, it is theologically The apostle Paul and his readers number of Christians, constituting important that Adam be a historical accepted this ancient view of origins, a large part of the church, that are not person through whom sin was and the Holy Spirit accommodated convinced of this truth. The linchpin conferred on humanity, just as and used it as a vessel to reveal that of their belief is that they are convinced a historical Christ (the “second Adam”) (1) humans are sinful, (2) God judges the Bible teaches that the world was conferred grace on humanity and the humans for their sins, and (3) Jesus created in six 24-hour days. Therefore, forgiveness of sins. died for sinful humans, rose physically any scientific evidence that does not from the dead, and offers the hope of support their young-earth position is Saturday 11:30 AM eternal life. summarily rejected. The Sin-Death Problem: Toward an As a strategy of addressing this situa- Evolutionary Creationist Solution tion, a re-examination of Genesis 1 was Saturday 2:00 PM Denis O Lamoureux undertaken and a fresh interpretation The Fourth Creative “Day” of developed. It was based on the The greatest challenge for Christians principle that there is only one true who embrace evolution is to explain Genesis: Answering the Questions interpretation of Scripture and that biblical passages that refer to a connec- about the Sun and the Moon a correct view of the creation narrative tion between the sin of Adam and the Rodney J Whitefield will not be in conflict with conclusions origin of physical death. Genesis 3 made from credible investigations of Those opposed to the Bible often point indicates that death entered the world the natural world. A review of the to an apparent conflict between the because God condemned Adam to die basic tenets of six historic viewpoints known natural history of the universe in judgment for his sin; Paul in (Ordinary-Day, Gap Theory, Intermit- and the “making” of the sun, moon, Romans 5 and 1 Corinthians 15 under- tent-Day, Day-Age, Analogical-Day, and stars in the fourth creative “day” stood the fall of the first man and his and Framework view) reveals that of Genesis. The objection requires the consequent death to be literal history; each of them is defective for one or Hebrew word asah (translated making) and the church throughout time has more reasons. to be fully equivalent to the Hebrew firmly upheld that these events are word bara used in Gen. 1:1. Opponents historical. However, the geological Thus, extending the writings of pursue this objection, even though the record reveals overwhelming evidence respected scientific and theological King James version indicates (in the that death existed for hundreds of scholars, a unique composite margin note for Gen. 2:3) that the millions of years before the appearance viewpoint is presented that captures writer of Genesis did not consider asah of humans. The most common solution the subtle but significant teaching and bara equivalent. The Hebrew of to this conflict between Scripture and concerning the reality and nature of the Gen. 2:3 and its significance for the science is to propose that physical creation days. This new viewpoint, ongoing controversy about the age of death did not enter the world with referred to as the Divine-Pattern view, the earth will be explained. Adam, but rather spiritual death. interprets Genesis 1 in a straight- forward manner acknowledging the A number of commentators have Evolutionary creation is a distinctly prescribed living pattern for human- rendered the asah in Gen. 1:16 as Christian approach to evolution. kind while avoiding any inference “had made.” “Had made” is a correct It asserts that the God of the Bible concerning the duration of creation. translation for the asah used in created the universe and life through Consequently, the Divine-Pattern view Gen. 1:16 and provides a second reason evolution—an ordained, sustained, and can serve as a consensus interpretation that Gen. 1:16 does not indicate the design-reflecting natural process. This especially for those who recognize the creation of the sun and moon in the view of origins challenges the popular validity of scientific evidence and are fourth creative “day.” An explanation assumption that the Creator revealed desirous of upholding the harmony of for the correctness of the translation scientific facts in the opening chapters both books of God’s revelation. “had made” will be given based upon of Scripture thousands of years before known patterns of “temporal overlay” their discovery by modern science. Saturday 3:00 PM in biblical Hebrew expression. The Evolutionary creation contends that, significance of both of the above factors Historical Adam in the same way, the Lord meets us for countering the continuing claims of Dick Fischer wherever we happen to be in our lives, irreconcilable conflict between physical the Holy Spirit came down to the level science and the Bible will be discussed. Human beings are related by common of the inspired biblical writers and ancestry that extends back in time used their ancient understanding of beyond 100,000 years and points to origins in order to disclose inerrant, Africa, according to anthropologists.
Baylor University, Waco, TX 9 HISTORY OF SCIENCE
If Genesis presents the surrounding Monday 11:00 AM yet to happen. Moreover, those events cultural environment in the beginning could be the occasion (or “cause”) of chapters accurately, and weight is God and Nature: An Analysis of Post God’s prior anticipatory action. To given to archaeological findings uncov- Katrina and Asian Tsunami Sermons tacitly reject such backward causation ered during the last 160 years in the Janel M Curry is to insist that the corrupting effects of Near East, Adam’s niche in time and the Fall be understood proactively (in Sermons from worship services follow- space is no earlier than 7,000 years ago other words, the consequences of the ing both the Asian Tsunami and in Southern Mesopotamia, present-day Fall only act forward into the future). Hurricane Katrina were analyzed to Iraq. Thus the conundrum, how could see how the relationship among God, By contrast, I argue that we should Adam be the progenitor of human- nature, and humans was understood understand the corrupting effects of kind? and depicted. The study included sets the Fall also retroactively (in other The purpose of this paper is to demon- of sermons from Catholic, Reformed or words, the consequences of the Fall strate with archaeological and biblical Presbyterian, Methodist, and Baptist can also act backward into the past). data and evidence that Adam’s histori- congregations, and was constructed to In consequence, the Fall could take cal niche places him in the flow of complement a larger study of the same place after the natural evils for which humanity rather than at the apex. If denominations. Textual analysis of the it is responsible. Such “retroactivity” Adam was a real life, flesh-and-blood sermons was carried out. has theological precedent. Take the personality living in the Neolithic saving effects of the Cross, which are The primary goal was to illuminate the Period whose mission was to usher in held to act not only forward in time but range of worldviews relative to nature an era of accountability, a natural also backward. Christians have always and God through these events, and question would be, when and where attributed the salvation of Old Testa- look for the theological, ethnic, and did he live? ment saints to Christ’s sacrifice on the class factors that might explain the Cross at the hands of the Romans even The biblical text tells us, and recent range of responses. The questions though Old Testament times predate findings in archaeology support the shaping the analysis include the Roman times by hundreds of years. conclusion, that he lived in the fifth following: (1) Is nature seen as evil, as Accordingly, an omnipotent God millennium BC near the junction of the the instrument of justice that is used by unbound by time makes a future Tigris and Euphrates. According to God, or as a neutral force? (2) Does the event (Christ’s sacrifice) the cause Babylonian tradition, he dwelled in text reflect an external locus of control of an earlier event (the salvation of the ancient fishing village of Eridu, where nature is outside our control and Old Testament saints). Likewise, the Sumerian “sacred city,” now called such tragedies are a matter of “luck” or an omnipotent God unbound by time Abu-Shahrein. “God’s will” or is an internal locus of can make natural evil predate the Fall control expressed where the hazard and yet make the Fall the reason for A legendary figure described in and response are both the result of natural evil. Akkadian texts corresponds to Adam human actions that are within our in many respects. Adapa, or Adamu, control? (3) How do understandings was described in various Semitic related to structures of class and race languages scattered throughout the arise in the context of the sermons, HISTORY OF SCIENCE Near East. Described as “blameless,” particularly as expressed in levels of “clean of hands,” “anointer,” and identification with those affected by “observer of laws,” Adapa/Adamu the tragedy? and (4) What is the level Saturday 10:00 AM was a priest and seer, a profoundly of understanding related to the wise man, who lived at Eridu on the workings of nature and their The Darwin-Gray Exchange Persian Gulf. The name “Adamu” in relationship to the making of Bethany N Sollereder Akkadian was perpetuated among a natural disaster? Semitic generations over three This paper will look at the personal thousand years in memory of their correspondence between the Harvard Saturday 11:30 AM legendary forefather. botanist Asa Gray and the famed The Retroactive Effects of the Fall naturalist Charles Darwin between Research for the presentation was 1860–1863 with an intention to William A Dembski conducted at the Library of Congress investigate Darwin’s views on design and the primary source is the book, A longstanding assumption in Chris- in nature. Historical Genesis from Adam to Abraham, tian theology is that human sin must authored by the presenter Design was one of the main topics of precede any appearance of evil in the (www.historicalgenesis.com). exchange throughout this three-year world for which it is responsible. That period since Gray had written on the may seem axiomatic, but it can legiti- subject extensively in three essays he mately be questioned. Why, in the composed in response to the publica- economy of a world whose Creator is tion of Origins of Species. Darwin omnipotent, omniscient, and continued to reread Gray’s papers and transtemporal, should causes always constantly peppered Gray with precede effects? Clearly, such a Creator questions about the issue. could act to anticipate events that have
10 2009 ASA Annual Meeting CHRISTIANITY AND THEPOSSIBILITY OF A MULTIVERSE
Ultimately, Darwin failed to see design mentals, including Orr and Torrey, • Why did most Pentecostals almost in nature because of the deeply proposed harmony between science unanimously condemn biological embedded remnants of William Paley’s and Christianity by accepting the evolution through the twentieth categories of how divine thought is standard geological ages and by offer- century? communicated through the natural ing at least some critique of • How do the official positions of the world. Darwin first encountered Paley Darwinism. The Bible Institute of larger Pentecostal groups compare? during his years at Cambridge, and the Los Angeles (Biola) advanced the work • books Natural Theology and Evidences of The Fundamentals though its monthly How did Pentecostal positions for Christianity were a large part of his periodical, The King’s Business, which change during the last half of the twentieth century? education. In his autobiography, Torrey designated as the successor to • Darwin claims, “I am convinced that The Fundamentals in the final volume How did the changing Pentecostal I could have written out the whole of of that series. demographic affect their the Evidences with perfect correctness.” perspective on origins? Although Torrey offered an occasional • What developments in the natural As a result of Paley’s influence, Darwin critique of Darwinism in The King’s sciences provoked these changes? continued to look for examples of Business and in his books and sermons, When did Pentecostal scholars join perfect adaptation and beneficence in he urged evangelicals and fundamen- the conversation? the natural world. When he found talists to focus more on biblical multiple counterexamples, such as the inerrancy and a critique of naturalism This paper introduces and augments famed Ichneumonidae, it overwhelmed in all academic fields, rather than on another paper by the authors entitled his capacity to understand the beauty, God’s precise method of creation. “Measuring Pentecostal Attitudes and complexity, and functionality that he There is much to be emulated from Beliefs about Origins.” observed around him as the marks of early fundamentalism before it flung an intelligent designer. This led to itself into the humiliation of the 1925 Darwin’s ultimate rejection of design Scopes trial—a disastrous move that and eventually of theism. Torrey did not support. CHRISTIANITY AND THE POSSIBILITY OF A MULTIVERSE Studying the history of science and Saturday 10:45 AM religion can improve our understand- Saturday 2:00 PM Darwinism, Fundamentalism, and ing of how science and religion have related and how they should relate. The String Multiverse, the R. A. Torrey: Issues in Science and Cosmological Anthropic Principle, Christianity from 1889 to 1925 and Anselm’s Ontological Argument Michael N Keas Saturday 11:30 AM Gerald Cleaver The leading world evangelist of the Pentecostal Responses to I analyze the string landscape/ turn of the century, R. A. Torrey Evolution: A Historical Overview multiverse picture with regard to the (1856–1928), played a prominent role Steve A Badger and Michael G Tenneson anthropic principle and fine tuning. in the birth of fundamentalism. Then I will discuss how Anselm’s He also offered insightful approaches This paper presents a historical ontological argument suggests the to dealing with Darwinism and overview of reactions of Pentecostal string landscape/multiverse picture is naturalism that might inspire Christians to the theories of biological not just consistent with Christian theol- a better relationship between evolution from the founding of the ogy, but that a creation of (at least) the science and Christianity today. oldest and largest Pentecostal bodies in the early 1900s to the present day. The magnitude and vastness implied by the In 1889 two important evangelical authors write as insiders: both are string landscape/multiverse picture is projects were initiated: Torrey began scientists with earned PhD’s and are what should, in fact, be expected in creating a model Bible curriculum for ordained Assemblies of God ministers, Christian theology. ordinary Christian workers as the the largest Pentecostal fellowship. superintendent of D. L. Moody’s new Saturday 2:20 PM Bible Institute in Chicago (which A succinct overview of the Pentecostal Torrey later adapted for the Bible Insti- literature from the 1920s through today The Doctrine of Creation tute of Los Angeles), and the Scottish is followed by an examination of the and Cosmology theologian James Orr began writing his literature and the official positions of Robert Bishop Kerr lectures that embodied the first four Pentecostal groups: the Church of explicit articulation of Christianity as God (Cleveland), the Assemblies of The doctrine of creation offers a “worldview.” God, the Church of God of Prophecy, resources for thinking about cosmol- and the Foursquare Church. Several ogy that are often under appreciated. These two projects mutually reinforced works by Pentecostal scholars (scien- After briefly surveying some elements each other and became part of the tists, theologians, and philosophers) of the doctrine of creation, I’ll raise larger fundamentalist movement to are discussed. questions for how the doctrine might defend Christianity against modern- help us think about big-bang and The authors attempt to address these ism, as argued in The Fundamentals multiverse cosmologies. (1910–1915). The writers of The Funda- and other questions:
Baylor University, Waco, TX 11 PHILOSOPHY, RELIGION, AND SCIENCE
Saturday 3:00 PM multiverse model is a Christian Stochastic processes provide biology doctrine. (3) Nontheistic multiverse with its dynamic character. This Multiversal Misgivings: Negating the speculations do not avoid a transcen- reflects the glory of God in three ways. Naturalistic Universal Possibilism dent causal Agent. (4) Deistic First is in its richness. There have been of Multiverse Cosmology multiverse models explain too much. more species over biological history Bruce Gordon (5) Design is seen on all observable-size than our planet could accommodate scales and its discovery is limited only simultaneously. Second is in its Could God make more than one by technology. (6) Multiverse specula- harmony. Gradual changes in the universe if he wanted? Of course, but tions commit a form of the gambler’s physical environment are tracked by this isn’t really the issue. The purpose fallacy. (7) Nontheistic multiverse biological ones allowing life to remain of the highly speculative speculations are testable. well adapted. Third is in its persis- mathematicized metaphysics of tence. Even during times of quantum cosmology and the inflation- catastrophic change some species have ary string landscape hypothesis is to survived to replenish the earth. provide a thoroughly naturalistic expla- PHILOSOPHY, RELIGION, AND nation for cosmological origins and SCIENCE Saturday 4:30 PM fine-tuning. Not surprisingly, the proposed explanation is both incom- Saturday 4:00 PM Methodological Naturalism: plete and deficient on multiple levels. How to Think about Necessary for Science or After briefly documenting the natural- Superfluous? istic motivations that catalyze Chance and Purpose Don Petcher multiverse theorizing, the technical, John W Hall empirical and philosophical short- Both in popular understanding and Philosophers of science or even comings of these efforts will be among philosophers and scientists, scientists themselves often insist that analyzed, leading to the conclusion chance is associated with a lack of methodological naturalism is a neces- that the multiverse hypothesis is purpose. Consequently, the presence of sary component of science. Yet when epistemically unwarranted and irreme- chance or stochasticity in some physi- scientists actually sit down at the lab diably deficient from a metaphysical cal and biological processes has led to bench they do not think to themselves, standpoint; furthermore, the universal the inference that the universe can “I must remember to practice method- possibilism it entails is completely have no purpose. This belief is particu- ological naturalism today.” Rather, destructive of scientific rationality. larly strong among some interpreters they would probably be thinking A brief argument for intelligent design of the Darwinian account of biological something along the lines of how the as the most parsimonious and only evolution. In contrast, we ourselves last time they ran their experiment causally sufficient explanation of construct systems with stochastic there was this and that problem, cosmological origins and fine-tuning features for our own uses. To account so they need to be careful to do thus will then be offered, thereby justifying for this contradiction, we will investi- and so this time to guard against those its acceptance as the best explanation gate several such systems. In each, the kinds of issues, and so on. Indeed, we have for why an extraordinarily outcome of the stochastic process is not rather than as a help to scientists, the fine-tuned universe exists rather than unique but is restricted to a set of motivation to invoke methodological nothing at all. possibilities. naturalism seems more often to be to keep the “supernatural” out, which Saturday 4:00 PM Two kinds of purposes can be distin- makes it into a kind of demarcation guished. Global purposes are achieved criterion for science. Does the Multiverse Eliminate by any possible outcome. For such the Need for God? a purpose, the outcomes may be While keeping out the “supernatural” Dave Rogstad and Hugh Ross described as “purpose-equivalent.” may be well meaning, philosophers Local purposes are met by only have long argued whether a demarca- Many nontheists believe that positing a subset of the outcomes. Local tion line could be drawn in principle, an infinite number of universes in purposes can be frustrated rather resulting in the general consensus which every conceivable set of laws of than being achieved. that such a line does not exist. Further, physics is manifested, moreover where the notion of keeping out the “super- every conceivable value for each of the To apply these insights to created natural” from science depends on the possible constants of physics is repre- systems we must ask what God’s definition of supernatural which in sented, and furthermore where every purpose was in creating the universe. turn depends on how one views God’s conceivable measure for each of the This is not answered directly in Scrip- activity in the world. Whatever the gross features of the universe(s) is ture but can be inferred from it. After a terms are taken to mean, the notion present removes any need for a super- thorough investigation, the eighteenth- of a natural/supernatural distinction natural Creator to explain the century theologian Jonathan Edwards can hardly be taken as an obvious universe’s design features. There are concluded that God made it for his background principle for attempting at least seven rebuttals to this claim: own glory. Edwards’ conclusion is to place a fence around science. (1) The timing of the speculations are independent of modern accounts of In this talk, I will revisit the topic of far from coincidental. (2) The simple biology. methodological naturalism in view of
12 2009 ASA Annual Meeting SCIENCE AND THE CHURCH the demarcation problem and the strongly in cultures influenced by notion of the natural/supernatural SCIENCE AND THE CHURCH Scripture. Reasons offered have distinction, and argue that method- included Scripture’s emphasis on an ological naturalism is not such orderly observable universe governed a clearly defined notion and therefore Saturday 4:00 PM by a trustworthy creator. Fewer it is neither necessary nor helpful as A Church Course on Science analysts have noted instances in Scrip- a de facto criterion for doing science. ture where a specific element of the But that doesn’t matter: science can and Faith for Adults scientific method has been illustrated stand on its own; it does not need Fred S Hickernell or endorsed. methodological naturalism to come There have been several presentations Many non-Christians in contrast have to its defense. at ASA conferences on science and decided, based on disputes concerning faith courses given in the college what Scripture says about Earth history Saturday 5:00 PM community. While churches often and biology, that the Bible is sponsor creationists to give their anti-science. In response to this cultural Zero, One, Two, Three: perspectives, there has not always been background, the present study The Dimensions of Religious the balance of Christians in science to involved a combing of Scripture for Thought express their views. An eight-week instances illustrating or endorsing Paul Arveson course with 2-hour meetings on specific elements of the scientific succeeding Mondays entitled “Faith method and the general principles This talk describes a simple way to and the Physical World” was initiated permeating its use. A large number organize the core structure of religions by the authors in our Baptist church. and variety of instances were found, of the world—dimensional logic or In the initial meeting, the 20 adult leading to the conclusion that the Bible dilogic. Major religions (and philoso- endorses the scientific method. phies) can be organized according to participants were asked to write down their logical structure, as either zero, questions they had about science and It was recognized at the outset that one, two, or three-dimensional. This religion. It provided a basis upon the scientific method has a variety model may be a helpful way to sort out which the rest of the eight weeks could of formulations and attendant prin- and clarify different world views. address their concerns within the ciples. The analytical method used in framework of the course structure. The the study was a systematic search of Christian theological thought is found sessions included the following topics: Scripture for (1) declarative prescrip- to be two-dimensional and the nature of science and Christianity, tions (mandates and commands), three-dimensional in this scheme, balancing science and Scripture, (2) statements of principles, (3) lessons which allows major themes of theology persons of faith and science, the from anecdotal narratives, and to be synthesized into a small number Hebrew-Christian influence on the rise (4) reasonable inferences from various of basic structures. The resulting of science, Christianity and science in Bible passages. Prescriptive and structures encourage moderation and conflict, and the origin of the universe descriptive materials were distin- balance, and discourage extreme views and humans. A small amount of guished. To a lesser extent, the study such as monism and dualism. Dilogic homework was given each time, also involved inferences based on provides (at the risk of oversimplifica- usually of a scientific nature, such as generalized biblical material, and tion) a useful teaching aid, by showing the age of the universe using red shift identification of relevant models, the balance in the logical structure of data. Throughout the sessions, there paradigms, and biblically-based ethics. Christian theological doctrines. For was an assignment to share with the The study was guided in part by example, it shows why the doctrine of class, articles from newspapers and expressions by authoritative scientist- the Trinity is not absurd; rather it is magazines which discussed the Christians; church elders; recognized rational and even necessary. science-faith area. reliable Bible teachers and authors; Many examples of the dilogical method The course grew to a total of 30 atten- doctrinal statements, creeds, and in philosophy, science, and theology dees, although not all were able catechisms; and collective under- will be shown, to indicate how to to attend every session. The questions, standing by the whole church analyze any argument dilogically to course summary, and course discus- (in the generally orthodox tradition). arrive at a peaceful resolution, if that sions will be highlighted in this Thus, in general, a biblical epistemic is logically possible. Dilogic also has presentation. It is the hope of the milieu was identified that relates an apologetic function in showing the authors that such an adult course may positively to the scientific method. beautiful relationships between ideas become a part of their church activities. Some of the concepts treated in the in orthodox Christian theology. study are objective truth, epistemic This talk is offered in memory of Saturday 4:30 PM foundations, observation, measure- Jim Neidhardt. ment, experiment, empiricism, Elements of the Scientific Method instrumentalism vs. realism, method- in Scripture ological naturalism, fact, hypothesis, John C Munday law, theory, logic, probability, deduc- tion, induction, falsifiability, causation, Many Christian analysts have empha- cumulative convergence, coherence, sized that science developed most
Baylor University, Waco, TX 13 ENVIRONMENT and preconditions necessary for find it] for problem solving in most science. ENVIRONMENT areas of life, for the design of a product, strategy, or theory. In design Saturday 5:00 PM method, you define a problem Sunday 1:00 PM (an opportunity to make things better) Pastors Need to Hear from and goals (desired characteristics of Cultivating a Personal Christian Christian Geologists a “solution” that would make things Environmental Ethic Ken Wolgemuth and Gregory S Bennett better), generate options for a solution, Leslie Wickman and for each option compare your Pastors educated in our seminaries Sometimes it seems as if our culture is goals with predictions (from mental receive little or no training about the inundated with secular jargon regard- experiments) and/or observations geology of the Creation, even though ing environmental issues, with rhetoric (reality checks from physical experi- they will preach about the Doctrine of about saving Mother Earth, the Gaia ments) and then analyze, evaluate, Creation from Genesis and the other Hypothesis, and the idea that the entire and decide. Creation passages in the Bible. We earth and everything on it is most recognize that Christian scientists Design method is a framework that properly viewed as a single organism. almost never communicate with promotes creative-and-critical improvi- But what ought to be our perspective pastors and lay persons about geology, sational thinking, so it is useful in as Christ-followers? I believe there is and so we are creating 11x17 posters a thinking skills curriculum. It connects great merit in acknowledging our for a portable stand for discussion in design (in engineering and other fields) calling from the Creator to be care- an office or around a coffee table. with science, which is the designing of takers of his creation, and that we as theories about nature. It can be used We have observed that pastors without Christ-followers should be leading the repeatedly in the same course, with a basic understanding of God’s charge to care for the earth and all that different problems, to help students Creation invite to their churches is in it. Various verses of Scripture learn a disciplined approach to Christian groups who present speak of the value God puts on problem solving. And because design pseudo-science in numerous weekend creation. is used in all subject areas, design seminars. Both the pastors and the There are two specific passages of the method can be used as a transitive people in the pews lack the scientific Bible that have had the greatest impact connector between areas to facilitate training to detect the pseudo-science. on my personal view of creation. The transfer of thinking skills. Finding These invited groups mishandle scien- first is at the end of the first creation effective solutions for environmental tific information, and disseminate story in Gen. 1:31, which reads, “And problems requires flexible non- a young-earth viewpoint claiming God saw everything that he had made, specialized thinking, and design evidence that is factually incorrect and behold, it was very good …” method provides an integrative and scientifically illogical. If God reviewed all that he had created structure for an interdisciplinary Supporting the dominant view held by and thought it was good, how much solution-seeking process. almost all Christian geologists, several more should we respect and care for it? We’ll look at design method and types of geological evidence demon- The second, very familiar passage is education in the context of current strating that the earth is older than from John 3:16: “For God so loved the environmental challenges, with 6,000 years will be shown—evidence world that he gave his only Son, that examples (cooling & heating and Cool that pastors can easily understand. whoever believes in him should not Biz & Warm Biz, …) that illustrate We will show the tree-ring chronology perish but have eternal life.” It is worth appropriate use of science and that extends back 12,400 years, ice core noting that the word translated technology. We’ll consider the effects chronology that goes back past 60,000 “world” in our Bibles is actually of ethical principles (greatest good for years in the Greenland ice sheet, and “cosmos,” which includes every greatest number, veil of ignorance, the varve chronology of Suigetsu Lake created thing in the entire universe! game theory, tragedy of the commons, in Japan extending back 40,000 years, Just think about what that means. biblical principles that include loving with radiocarbon data that supports God loved all of his creation so much your neighbor as you love yourself) the chronology. A list of over thirty that he sent his son, Jesus, to die for it and practical psychology, sociology, types of evidence in support of an old to reconcile it to himself! God must and economics in a Christian earth will be shown. truly, deeply love everything he made! worldview. Additionally, we are prepared to offer ½- to 2-day seminars in seminaries to Sunday 1:30 PM Sunday 2:00 PM assist pastors in understanding the Teaching Christian Stewardship Natural History as a Foundation physical Creation—showing the using Design Method connection between the written Word for Creation Stewardship Craig Rusbult and God’s Creation. Help us make the Keith B Miller connection to seminaries that need A logical extension of my PhD disserta- We cannot be proper stewards of exposure to credible geological tion (about Scientific Method and its creation without knowing that knowledge. potential applications in education) is creation, and we cannot know creation a model of Design Method [google to without knowing something of its
14 2009 ASA Annual Meeting ENVIRONMENT history. The natural world as we see it Sunday 2:30 PM Sunday 3:30 PM is a consequence of its history. The biota characteristic of a place, the Sonar Training: On Eschewing topography of the landscape, and the Stewardship and the Supreme Court a Policy-Prescriptive Role for geology of its underlying rock are all Lin Allen Science in Environmental there because of the history of that This study addresses Christian Controversies place. The history of a place can be stewardship and the environment by Johnny Wei-Bing Lin seen in the composition and arrange- examining Winter, Secretary of the Navy, ments of its bedrock, in the shape of its Because science is the study of nature, et al. v Natural Resources Defense Council, valleys and landforms, in the distribu- and is assumed to authoritatively Inc., et al. The case ruling revolves tion and interrelationships of its describe the state of the environment, around “Active sonar, a complex organisms, and in the amino-acid debates over environmental problems technology” used for detection sequence of every genome. are often debates over the science of purposes. My research provides the problem. What does science say Understanding natural history must be a rhetorical analysis of the dissenting the problem is, and what should we do a fundamental objective of creation opinion, highlighting stylistic and about the problem? While those who stewardship. The natural world is not structural elements asking the Court ascribe such authority to science may static but dynamically changing over for an injunction on Navy sonar value theology and ethics, the content a vast range of time scales. It simply training. of stewardship is seen as flowing from cannot be understood without refer- The case for the injunction is analyzed, the science. Theology tells us why we ence to this dynamic change. Human highlighting Justice Ginsburg’s need to care for creation; ethics gives actions have significant impacts on the arguments, with whom Justice Souter us standards by which we can evaluate natural world, which have often been joined. In spite of Chief Justice Roberts’ how a healthier environment flows destructive and disruptive. However, conclusion that “The most effective from and contributes to the moral life, Christian stewardship calls us to technology for identifying submerged and science tells us what a healthier an active involvement in the created diesel-electric submarines within their environment is and how to make it world that preserves and redeems. torpedo range is active sonar,” healthy. Understanding the dynamic processes Ginsburg writes, “The EIS requirement In this talk, I will argue that for all its of the natural world, and the time ‘ensures that important effects will not descriptive power, science is not, in scales at which they occur, better be overlooked or underestimated only general, “policy-prescriptive,” and enables us to anticipate and recognize to be discovered after resources have does not directly prescribe the content the consequences of human activity. been committed or the die otherwise of environmental stewardship. Thus, Such knowledge informs our cast’” (490 US, at 349 [p. 12]). Ginsburg debates over what constitutes an decision-making, and helps to cites systemic harms from sonar: environmental problem (e.g., pollution, minimize negative consequences, and The Navy’s own EA predicted deforestation, global warming, etc.) promote the flourishing of both the substantial and irreparable harm to and what practices are needed to fix creation and humanity. marine mammals. Sonar is linked to the problems (e.g., air quality controls, Creation is a complex network of mass strandings of marine mammals, land-use regulations, alternative interacting systems, each of which is hemorrhaging around the brain and energy sources, etc.) cannot be settled ears, acute spongiotic changes in the composed of innumerable entities that solely by an appeal to science. Science central nervous system, and lesions in are themselves continually responding needs the help of ethics to define vital organs (490 US, at 349 [p. 14]). and changing. In our interactions with policy. the rest of creation, we become part of Prevailing, plaintiff Winter’s First, we consider philosophical that interacting network. Our presence arguments were favored over the arguments about whether science changes the rest of creation, and it, Natural Resources Defense Council determines policy goals, and find that in turn, changes us. If we act in and filmmaker Jean-Michael Cousteau. science alone cannot, in general, do so. ignorance of the natural history of My analysis provides a new approach, Second, we consider how policy goals our environment, we will find examining arguments for sonar train- are translated into policy choice, and ourselves in conflict with the very ing that reveal the power and find that particularly for environmental natural processes that support our own philosophy of technology in a context controversies, science and ethics must lives, and will jeopardize the future of of military preparedness, issues salient together determine which policies to our children’s world. to sacred custodial realms. implement. Finally, we propose an alternative model of determining the content of creation-care with respect to environmental controversies, one marked by greater humility as well as a greater potential for success.
Baylor University, Waco, TX 15 EDUCATION
Sunday 4:00 PM Individually, justice should require us as well as the engineering techniques to curtail our over-consumption in for building, deploying, and maintain- The Ethics of Meat Consumption general and our meat consumption in ing them are areas of rich potential. and Jay Hollman, Jerry Risser, particular. Raising rents on public Joseph Sheldon lands for grazing, more regulation of Sunday 5:00 PM Meat consumption has been an issue in animal factories, and even an environ- the church and moral ethics since the mental consumption tax on meat might The Spilling Quiver: Corinthians. Current issues involve the be just. The effect of increased prices Sunshine, the Commons, and the humane care of animals, the health should decrease consumption leading Temple of the Lord implications of meat eating, and the to less pressure on the environment Sean M Cordry environmental impact associated with and probably a healthier diet for intense agriculture. PETA (People for Americans. Growing media and public interest in the Ethical Treatment of Animals) the so-called quiver-full theology distorts science and fosters an ethic Sunday 4:30 PM among some Christians has grown that equates animal rights with human recently, including a reality-television rights. However, the forced feeding of Use of Bioengineered Artificial show called “18 Kids and Counting.” geese to produce foie gras and some Reefs for Ecological Restoration and Intended to be a conversation stimu- methods used to produce gourmet veal Carbon Sequestration lant among Protestant Christians, this seem to be intuitively unethical. Steven G Hall paper will present the main theological Factory farming and certain slaughter- idea behind the movement and house techniques represent a balance In Louisiana and other coastal areas, provide three critiques. a combination of sediment settling and between industrial efficiency and The first critique is Malthusian in sea-level rise has led to dramatic losses animal welfare. The most egregious nature: the amount of both solar radia- of valuable coastal wetlands. These abuse of animals could be curbed tion and agricultural land is limited; losses have in turn impacted coastal through better regulatory oversight. a simple calculation of the maximum activities such as fishing, shipping and Elimination of factory farms will sustainable human population of the coastal communities. In order to reduce increase the costs of food products. earth yields a maximum between or reverse these impacts, a variety of 3 and 5 billion. (This calculation will The health benefits of eating a measures are being enacted. vegetarian diet are often overstated. be presented.) The second connects The effects of this diet are sometimes Among these projects is the use of the movement to the Tragedy of the difficult to separate from the effects bioengineered reefs to restore local Commons, noting that there are serious of over-nutrition and obesity. The ecology, encourage sediment deposi- creation-care/social-justice issues at American Heart Association’s and the tion, and simultaneously sequester stake. Finally, the third critique American Cancer Society’s suggested carbon in the shell material of bivalves examines the movement in light of diet is essentially the same: decreased such as Crassostrea virginica, the a misplaced trust in what God may or consumption of saturated fats and eastern oyster. These reefs rely on may not do regarding his creation. relatively small frameworks of material cholesterol which come primarily from Suggestions will be made regarding on which sessile organisms such as meat, dairy, and egg consumption, how to create greater awareness of Crassostrea can build, but which are and increased portions of fruits and human population issues among ultimately dominated by biomass from vegetables. Fish instead of beef is Protestant Christians. healthier. the growing reefs. Rates of growth of sessile and mobile organisms along The major concern with heavy meat with other biotic measures are impor- consumption is the impact on the tant in this field. Simultaneously, environment. It requires about 10 times physical parameters such as sedimen- EDUCATION as much farmland to produce a pound tation, sinkage, erosion, and wave of animal protein compared to a pound dissipation are also critical to the Sunday 1:00 PM of plant protein. As the developing overall success of such techniques. world increases their consumption of Nature Study for K–12 Education Each of these areas will be discussed. meat, more land is needed for agricul- Kimberly C Dawes ture, independent of population Their impact on potential changes in growth, resulting in deforestation coastal biology and geography, as well In the late 19th and early 20th centu- and over-grazing. Cattle and other as realistic potential carbon sequestra- ries, nature study shaped K–12 ruminants burp methane contributing tion rates for large scale reefs, have curricula, scouting, and university to global warming; global animal been explored. The potential for the studies. Initially, nature study was production contributes more to global use of plants such as mangroves (e.g., taught concurrently with science. By warming than transportation. Intensive Avicennia germinans) and oysters in the mid- to late-20th century, nature farming has lowered water tables and combination is another area of interest, study was dismissed as the easy increased nitrogen and phosphorous but techniques for co-culturing of such “feminine” substitute for more rigor- pollution leading to contamination of species require additional considera- ous science courses, and its use was rivers and ground water. tions. Development of both the basic abandoned by schools. Interest in knowledge of these ecological systems, nature study and related endeavors,
16 2009 ASA Annual Meeting EDUCATION such as school gardens, has reawak- A brief 3–5 minute PowerPoint presen- disagreed must accept this view or ened in the past 20 years. However, tation of select simplified key concepts they would fail the class, or they could if nature study is not conducted with from introductory philosophy of drop the class now. Some of the legal rigor and breadth, it risks becoming science (and history of science) curric- implications of each approach used marginalized again. ula, with accompanying Socratic will be discussed. question-and-answer dialogue, was Nature study is unique in that it presented at the start of each lab for encompasses two modes of learning: Sunday 2:30 PM two major-level General Chemistry II an outdoor nature walk with finds laboratory sections. An anonymous recorded in a notebook and supple- Science vs. Religion in the survey was taken of the students at the mental learning from personal research Controversy over Texas Science start and at the end of the semester to or from local experts, such as bee- assess the impact on the student’s Textbook Standards keepers. Each semester has a theme conception of science and the scientific Ide P Trotter (e.g., geology or ornithology). During method, and the relationship between the walk, each student is encouraged The religion vs. science controversy has science and Christianity. to find things related to the semester’s become a straw man in the ongoing theme and select one that interests him In this talk, I will discuss the concepts debate over how science, especially or her. Dates and details are recorded selected, why and how I attempted to biological science, should be taught. in their nature notebook and, upon integrate them with Christianity, the This paper deals with this issue in return to the classroom, a painting survey results, and the impact on the relation to teaching at the high school or drawing from a sample or from students (and professor) for good or level in Texas. The historical back- memory is added. Photographs or a naught. ground in Texas and developments in labeled collection can also memorialize other states leading up to this year’s acrimonious hearings before Texas’ their finds. Research or consultation Sunday 2:00 PM results in the adding of more details State Board of Education will be put in (e.g., the name of the find and its A Survey of How the Subject of context. Later attempts to override the various parts). As the notebook is the Origins Is Taught Board’s action in the Texas legislature will also be addressed. An overview of student’s possession, he or she is free Jerry R Bergman to add details of new findings outside the primary issues brought out and school hours. One hundred biology high school and lines of argument offered will be college faculty at secular schools were covered. Nature study has many advantages. surveyed by telephone or in person The debate in Texas contrasted two It brings the child outside and devel- to determine how they handled the views: (1) One side maintained that ops skills of careful observation and subject of origins. An open-ended anyone questioning evolution as accurate recording. Students learn to survey was used to allow individual heretofore presented in high school identify creatures and plants, recognize expressions in answer to the list of five texts is covertly attempting to slip signs such as nests or tracks, note questions asked each person willing religious beliefs into science teaching. seasonal changes, and become familiar to be interviewed. with their own neighborhood and local Evolution should be presented as a environment. More importantly, It was found that one of the most settled “fact” and the few unresolved it promotes inquisitiveness, relates common approaches to the subject of issues should not be presented to science to life, develops aesthetic origins was to explain to the class that students as they might distract emotion, and fosters a personal abiding religion and science were separate students from that understanding. relationship with God and his creation. disciplines and had different answers (2) The other side argued that the to the subject of origins. path of all science, biology included, is to advance into unknown areas. Another common approach was to An age-appropriate conception of the Sunday 1:30 PM relate to the class that the means God state of knowledge must be imparted, used to create was by evolution; there- Integration of Christian Worldview but shielding students from the excite- fore there was no conflict between ment of the quest is counterproductive. into Science Teaching: religion and evolution. Teaching Philosophy of Science Biology should be taught in the same way as any other field of science. to General Chemistry Lab Students A third common approach was to inform the students that evolution is William B Collier fact and theological explanations were In a previous ASA paper (Collier, faith, and fact only would be covered Sunday 3:00 PM 2008), I criticized the simplistic expla- in their biology class. nations of science and the scientific Better Thinking through Chemistry: Last, one approach was to relate to the method that are frequently presented class that science had proven how life A Theological Prescription in our introductory university science originated, falsifying theological expla- James Peterson classes. This paper describes my nations. Several professors stressed attempt to rectify this situation in my When one drinks coffee to wake up, that evolution from molecules to own university environment. one is altering mental function by humans was fact, and those who a chemical intervention. Should Ritalin
Baylor University, Waco, TX 17 ORIGINS or Prozac be as prosaic? The Christian frequently repeated. These criticisms Sunday 3:30 PM tradition welcomes intervention in the arise from common over-simplifica- physical world for godly purposes. tions and misunderstandings of ID Were Adam and Eve What might be appropriate purposes and TE. Four common criticisms of ID Historical Figures? Yes, Indeed! and methods for pharmaceutically are: (1) ID simply isn’t scientific; (2) ID C John Collins altering brain function? is a science-stopper; (3) ID is just The best way to account for the biblical creationism in disguise; and (4) ID is The National Institute of Mental Health presentation of human life is to based on a theology of god-of-the-gaps (USA) reports that 26.2% of Americans suppose that Adam and Eve were real or episodic deism. 18 and older have a diagnosed mental persons, and the ancestors of all other disorder. To alleviate this suffering, Four common criticisms of TE are: human beings. The biblical presenta- psychoactive medications are often (1) TE advocates don’t confront tion concerns, not simply the story in prescribed and many people self- atheism; (2) TE is essentially deism Genesis and the biblical passages that medicate with drugs such as alcohol. because God isn’t acting as a creator in refer to it, but also the larger biblical Medications that free one from any meaningful sense; (3) TE advocates storyline, which deals with God’s good physically caused, misdirected, or embrace methodological naturalism in creation invaded by sin, for which God overwhelming mental pain or confu- science because they don’t believe in has a redemptive plan; of Israel’s sion should be welcome, but need to be miracles (or are embarrassed by calling to be a light to the nations; and distinguished from feelings of psycho- miracles); (4) TE advocates support of the church’s prospect of successfully logical distress that are helpful in evolution because they are worried bringing God’s light to the whole warning that something is wrong and about their jobs or scientific respect- world. It further concerns the unique needs attention before the damage is ability. role and dignity of the human race, worse. In these latter cases, masking which is a matter of daily experience One reason these “myths” are common mental stress can miss an opportunity for everyone: all people yearn for God is that several of them are, in fact, true for needed growth. and need him, and depend on him to about some ID and TE advocates and deal with their sinfulness, and crave Beyond cases of coping with writings. However, none of them are a wholesome community for their debilitating mental dysfunction, intrinsically or necessarily true about lives to flourish. most Christians pursue further ID or TE. It is false—literally bearing changes in brain network and false witness—to say or imply that chemistry through interventions such these things are true about all ID or Sunday 3:30 PM as nutrition, education, and practice. all TE advocates. Are pharmaceutical interventions In this talk, we will examine each of Adam and Eve as Symbolic Figures warranted in parallel to enhance these myths in more detail. Our goal in Biblical Literature disposition and thinking? For example, will be a more accurate understanding Daniel Harlow could a drug that helps one exercise of each position, and a more gracious self-control be a supplement to that This paper explains why most biblical attitude toward advocates of each aspect of the fruit of the Spirit scholars regard Adam and Eve as position. (Gal. 5:22)? Would such be as much purely symbolic figures, and why they rolling back part of the fall as pain do not find the Christian doctrines of relief in child birth? Would such be Sunday 2:30 PM the fall and original sin in the text of an appropriate precursor of when Human Genomics: Vestiges of Eden Genesis 2–3 but in later interpretations our perishable bodies will inherit of Genesis. The paper discusses the the imperishable? or Skeletons in the Closet? literary genre of Genesis 1–11, the Dennis R Venema adaptation of ancient Near Eastern This paper will seek what theological myths in Genesis 2–3, the presence of questions, insights, and standards The availability of complete genomic two creation accounts in Genesis 1 and might help us to discern proper use sequences for humans and several 2, and specific narrative indicators in of pharmaceutical interventions additional mammalian species offers the text of Genesis 2–3 which support in the brain. the opportunity to test hypotheses of human evolution at an unprecedented a symbolic reading of these chapters. level of detail. The paper also examines Paul’s inter- ORIGINS Several lines of evidence from the pretation of Genesis in his typology of genomic data suggest that humans Adam and Christ, arguing that though Paul probably did regard Adam as a Sunday 1:00 PM share a common ancestor with the great apes, and that the minimum historical figure, we are not obliged to. Four Myths about Intelligent Design human population size has not been Paul was chiefly interested in Adam as and Four Myths about less than 1,000 individuals since a representative counterpart to Christ, and the role he assigned Adam in the Theistic Evolution speciation. These lines of evidence will be explored and evaluated with a view entry of sin into the world was more Loren Haarsma and Stephen Meyer to their implications for various temporal than causal. The doctrine Certain criticisms of Intelligent Design concordist approaches to the Genesis of original sin does not require that (ID) and of Theistic Evolution (TE) are narratives. Adam and Eve be historical figures.
18 2009 ASA Annual Meeting ORIGINS
Sunday 3:30 PM Monday 8:30 AM Monday 9:00 AM Genetic Science and Christianity’s Personal Computer Application The Generation of Essential Story of Human Origins: Programs as Tools for RNA Messages from Pseudogene An Aesthetic “Supra-Lapsarianism” Conceptualizing Aspects of Transcripts by Exemplar Causation John Schneider Evolutionary Theory Richard V Sternberg Robert Kaita The most recent genetic science seems Many RNA transcripts in eukaryotic to discredit Christianity’s story of In general descriptions of evolutionary cells lack matching DNA templates. human origins at points that are essen- theory, examples of processes like These ribonucleotide texts are the tial to Christian teaching as a whole. “natural selection” are fairly straight- result of processing modifications, According to this science, the human forward to formulate. The advantage alternative and trans-splicing, and race descended from thousands of of bright plumage in attracting mates, sundry RNA editing procedures that original parents, not just two; human for instance, could explain why males sculpt a plethora of messages. Indeed, beings emerged in violent natural having it tend to dominate a particular in the chloroplasts and mitochondria of conditions of brutal competition population of birds. Analogies to other some taxa, entire open-reading frames between species for survival, not features, however, are more difficult to including start and stop codons are utopian ones; and they inherited all the make. The fossil record typically shows literally “written” into pseudogene selfish animal instincts and behaviors organisms with long periods of stasis, transcripts, generating the scripts for of species from the beginning, so that followed by an apparent discontinuous essential proteins. Regarding the latter moral awareness and moral freedom change in morphology. cases, specificational complexity (or made possible a nascent moral and “information”) can readily be demon- spiritual human character. The science, One idea is to draw a parallel with strated to increase relative to that of the then, obviously poses fundamental certain personal computer (PC) appli- inputted components. What is the challenges to Christian doctrines cation programs that “adapt” to the source of this information? of creation, fall, and original sin. way they are used. Electronic mail For empirical and formal reasons, Likewise, it poses serious challenges (e-mail) programs, for example, will I unabashedly propose that RNA to common Christian teaching on exhibit “stasis” for long periods of time editing phenomena are instances of salvation, as framed by these doctrines under the “constant” environment of what has been termed “exemplar” or on human origins; and it also poses a novice user. This could be one who “vertical” causation, whereby Platonic challenges to common Christian simply reads and responds to messages patterns “recohere” in space and time explanations (theodicy) for the sequentially as they are received. via mechanistic means. existence of natural and moral With experience, he or she might open disorder and evil, as built on e-mails from some senders first, and Genesis 1–3. delete others without even looking at them. After awhile, the e-mail program Monday 9:45 AM Christian thinkers who have begun “creates” priority e-mail and junk recasting the Christian story have e-mail folders in response to this The Information Required for done so mainly in the light of science. “environmental change.” This new, Metabolic Innovation, In this paper, the author proposes that more complex configuration remains and Why the Darwinian Mechanism Scripture can be used for very similar in stasis until there is another environ- Is Not Apt to Be Its Source purposes. The main thesis is that the mental “stimulus,” such as the user Douglas Axe Book of Job corrects and deepens the reading the messages from a particular simpler Deuteronomic understanding sender before all others in the priority Metabolism provides an exceptionally of Genesis 1–3. God has, in fact, e-mail folder. The e-mail program then good opportunity for quantitative deliberately embraced disorder and creates a special folder with that characterization of the relationship evil in his master plan for the world sender’s name, and the cycle of stasis between genotypes and phenotypes. and humanity. The hard truth is not and “discontinuous” change continues. Unlike high-level traits, metabolic traits immoral, or amoral, but also not are increasingly understood in terms of purely logical either (as in Leibniz’s Such an example conceptualizes such the specific roles and structures of all best possible world). It is best under- evolutionary principles as “punctu- molecular components. Along with this stood as aesthetic and as a sort of ated” equilibrium, without the ad hoc abundance of structural data has come “supra-lapsarianism” (although idea of “preadaptation” to make it rapid advances in techniques for not the old decretal sort) that has occur, and the development of the genetic manipulation and analysis. grounding in both Irenaeus and complex from the simple. The original Consequently, it is now possible as the Apostle Paul. simplicity, however, refers to the never before to fully deconstruct evolu- “phenotype” of the e-mail structure tionary accounts of the origins of this the user sees, and not the complex phenotypic class. “genotype” of the underlying computer code. This could be used Here I summarize the hierarchical to foster a broader discussion of nature of the protein systems responsi- philosophical and theological issues ble for metabolic complexity and concerning science and faith. discuss several recent studies that
Baylor University, Waco, TX 19 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN SERVICE OF THE POOR investigate the role of information the categories they include. Because SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN in its origin. fossil preservation varies in quality, some fossils are assignable to a higher SERVICE OF THE POOR Monday 11:00 AM category but not more specifically. Also, identification of some taxa Sunday 3:30 PM Evolutionary Informatics: requires exceptionally preserved speci- The Role of Comparative Advantage, Measuring the Cost of Success mens, which reflect conditions at Distributed Agency, and Robert J Marks II and William A Dembski certain times and places. All of these hold true under any origins scenario. Distributed Knowledge in Conservation of information theorems Sustainable Economic Development indicates that any search algorithm Under an evolutionary scenario, Steven W Bradley performs on average as well as random specimens might also be hard to place search without replacement unless it in a lower taxon because they are Developing nations typically offer two takes advantage of problem-specific transitional forms. Additionally, resources that attract direct foreign information about the search target the features shared across an entire investment: valuable but depletable or the search-space structure. Three phylum would be those that evolved natural resources and/or a large, measures to characterize the informa- before features confined to a single educated, low-cost labor force. Many tion required for successful search are class, and so forth. Similarly, the subsistence economies are constrained (1) endogenous information, which groups that we recognize as phyla in both these areas leading to a lack of measures the difficulty of finding a would be groups that diverged from capital and opportunity. Alternative target using random search; (2) exoge- each other relatively early. Relatively entrepreneurial approaches have been nous information, which measures the rapid evolutionary diversification is offered suggesting microcredit or base difficulty that remains in finding expected when new opportunities open of the pyramid approaches as a path a target once a search takes advantage up, so a brief early period of diversifi- forward. While helpful, both have of problem-specific information; and cation would not be surprising. drawn increasing concern and scrutiny related to their viability or their ability (3) active information, which, as the This incorrect argument also reflects to reduce poverty broadly and over difference between endogenous and some misconceptions about the actual a longer time horizon. exogenous information, measures patterns of origination. Both conven- the contribution of problem-specific tional scientific sources (e.g., biology We depart from the conceptualization information for successfully finding textbooks) and anti-evolutionary of sustainable development that a target. sources often claim that all animal considers agency as vested specifically We present a methodology based on phyla appear in a very short interval with institutions or with heroic entre- these information measures to gauge of the early Cambrian. Although the preneurs. We suggest that sustainable the effectiveness with which problem- Cambrian radiation is impressive, development is distributed. Knowl- specific information facilitates success- it’s not quite as drastic as that—some edge of the span of resource utilization ful search. We then apply this phyla appear earlier and some may extends beyond any one mind and that methodology to various search tools be later. More generally, apologetics agency in the development of widely used in evolutionary search and arguments will not be sound if they do resources involves multiple actors. show that, without active information, not reflect a careful effort to accurately Our perspective on sustainable devel- even the multiverse cannot support represent the implications of alterna- opment integrates the social search for even moderately sized tive views under consideration. construction of technological systems problems. literatures with knowledge and resource based theory. Monday 12:00 PM Monday 11:30 AM Using the Ricardian notion of compara- Is It Wrong to Quantify Wonder? tive advantage, we argue that The Origin of Higher Taxa David Snoke identification of a renewable resource David Campbell that is unique to a developing nation, Many Christians feel wonder when or at least not easily imitated by devel- Many anti-evolutionary sources claim learning about things in nature, but are oped nations, is a starting point for that the pattern of taxonomic origin, uncomfortable with the ID movement sustainable economic development. In in which the number of new phyla and trying to put numbers on it. In this talk our case, we examine the conversion of other higher taxa peaks relatively early I will discuss issues involved in quanti- coconuts into multiple value-added in the fossil record, poses a serious tative arguments for design, and I will products. The development of this challenge to conventional evolutionary discuss the general problem of how resource or “artifact” and the tech- models. In reality, this pattern is to contrast designed things with nologies associated with it are path expected to some extent under any undesigned things in a universe in dependent based on prior knowledge origins scenario, and especially under which everything is designed by God. of the agents associated with the an evolutionary scenario. The hierar- Finally, I will present results of resource. Therefore, the current chical nature of taxonomic categories a numerical model of evolution technologies and value associated makes the average time of appearance which gives predictions for degrees with the resource will vary by country for higher categories earlier than for of vestigiality in evolving organisms. depending on the distributed agents’
20 2009 ASA Annual Meeting SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN SERVICE OF THE POOR construction of the artifact’s current $500/year. The unique properties that of engineering design under necessary use. God has placed into coconuts have constraints leads to a clearer world- been explored and new applications view and a better understanding of We argue that the knowledge of the that take advantage of these properties humankind’s place in the universe. social entrepreneur broadens the have been developed into a wide range potential trajectories for technological of commercial products, including development of the resource and automotive composites. The whole Monday 9:00 AM increases its potential value by provid- process that resulted in this fascinating ing external knowledge and capital to project to bless poor coconut farmers A Christian Approach to the Ethics commercialize the resource. The indig- will be presented. of International Development enous entrepreneur refers to the agent who navigates the unique institutional Projects and challenges of the undeveloped nation William M Jordan, Brian Thomas, Monday 8:30 AM Ryan McGhee to enable production. Finally, institu- tional agents, whether formal or Worldview by Affordance-Based This paper examines ethical issues informal social institutions, minimize Reverse Engineering related to international engineering adverse selection or moral hazard of Complex Natural Systems service projects that include economic limiting opportunistic exploitation Dominic M Halsmer development as part of their goals. by other parties. Projects that have economic goals as Recent advances in the field of well as engineering ones have some engineering design suggest the useful- unique ethical issues. Sunday 4:00 PM ness of the concept of affordance for reverse engineering of both man-made One issue is how the design relates to Microhydro-Generation of and natural systems. An affordance is the local community. Often engineer- Electricity: Providing Physical and simply what one part of a system ing service learning is done with a local Spiritual Light in Honduras provides to an end-user or to another agency that claims to represent the needs and desires of the local commu- Brian Thomas part of the system. Affordances can be viewed as either positive or negative, nity that will be served by the project. A franchise based company to provide and also exhibit a particular quality, We need to make sure this project is electricity to rural Honduras using which is how well this provision is really needed and wanted by the microhydro-generation will be thought to be executed. people it is designed to serve. This presented. The details of the technol- complicates the design process and ogy will be presented along with the With the current recognition that raises ethical issues if these two groups business plan that has been developed. engineering concepts are playing a key are not in total agreement. Many The ministry potential that it has, role in deciphering the workings of service projects do not have a meeting physical and spiritual needs complex natural systems, such as the long-term impact because they cannot concurrently, will be presented. living cell or the human brain, it is be sustained by the local community. suggested that affordance-based reverse engineering procedures might One way to deal with this is to help Sunday 4:30 PM be appropriate tools. It is further local people create an ongoing, suggested that such an approach might for-profit business that can maintain Serving the Poor the project and provide jobs for the by Making Better Cook Stoves have important implications for worldview. Procedures for reverse poor community that would not other- Walter L Bradley and Elisa Guzman-Teipel engineering and design recovery have wise exist. Making sure the company Three billion people cook using become well defined in several fields, treats its workers and community well biomass (mainly wood) each day on especially computer software and in addition to making a profit is not an inefficient, polluting cook stoves that hardware, where pattern detection and easy task. However, a Christian ethics are health hazards. An overview of identification play important roles. approach requires that we fulfill all recent developments to produce These procedures can also be readily three of these needs at the same time. durable, energy-efficient, clean- applied to complex natural systems This is commonly referred to as creat- burning cookstoves at an affordable where patterns of multiple interacting ing a Triple Bottom Line business. price will be presented. affordances facilitate the development We will use as an example our current and education of advanced life forms, work in rural Honduras. Over the last such as human beings. several years, teams of students and Sunday 5:00 PM Thinking about the human condition in faculty members have installed several Coconut Composites: New Products terms of affordances leads to a new micro-hydroelectric systems. This past to Bless Poor Coconut Farmers and fruitful interaction between the year we have made a key part of the project the creation of a local energy Stanton Greer fields of science and theology, in which the field of engineering plays a key role company that can provide cheap The 11 million coconut farmers around in the dialogue. Proper understanding electricity to the villagers as well as the world get less than 10 cents per of the interplay between both positive jobs for the local community. coconut and make an average of and negative affordances in the context
Baylor University, Waco, TX 21 CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIVES ON THE SOUL
a preformationist view, a mechanistic body and is the part of the human CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIVES view, or a combination of the two. The being that is worth saving. ON THE SOUL earlier theological positions regarding This presentation will consider the soul were modified and/or used to possibility that a model of the soul Monday 8:30 AM support specific biological views and based on these assumptions may to argue against other biological ideas. Evolution and the Image of God: generate incorrect and unfortunate Historical Reflections on Science, With the return to an epigenetic view conclusions about certain aspects of Morality, and Human Nature of fetal development in the late 18th our lives as human beings. It will also Edward B Davis and early 19th centuries, the alliance consider an alternative model that between biology and theology became appears to harmonize better with Since at least the mid-nineteenth strained, forcing a reexamination of observations derived from both science century, Christian thinkers have theological views of soul and ensoul- and Scripture—that the body and soul responded in various ways to scientific ment. The resulting theological stances are intimately associated, that both claims for continuity between humans that were affirmed (or reaffirmed) had develop and change in unity with each and other animals. Why have some implications for Christian reactions to other, and that both are intrinsically Christians rejected such claims as irreli- Darwin’s theory of evolution and more good and worthy of saving and gious? Why have other Christians recently to positions related to abortion protecting. accepted them? What have been the and stem cell research. Therefore, The implications of each of the two most important issues? an understanding of the history models as they relate to several areas of the dialogue between science In this brief survey of 150 years of the of concern for Christians will be and Christian theology concerning conversation about evolution, morality, considered. These areas of concern ontological development and ensoul- and human nature, I will answer these include issues related to the sanctity ment is necessary to understand the questions and raise additional of human life, questions of spiritual current debates in these arenas. questions about the relationship of well-being and the influence of the science and Christian faith today. body, and matters of social justice. Monday 10:00 AM Monday 9:15 AM Relating Body and Soul: Body and Soul: A Collision between Theology, MISCELLANEOUS Biological Theories of Generation Science, and Good Intentions and Theological Theories of Rodney J Scott Monday 9:30 AM Ensoulment The concept of the soul as described in Sara Joan Miles Scripture and interpreted by theology Science and Faith Issues in Islam: Biological understandings of fetal is a bit mysterious and somewhat Is There an Avenue of development were strongly influenced loosely defined. However, despite this, Rapprochement between ASAers by theological views of ensoulment Christians often make assumptions and Practicing Muslim Scientists? until the first half of the 19th century. about this aspect of the human person Kenell J Touryan Greek opinions, both Platonic and that are somewhat rigid. These The Islamic world consists of Aristotelian, as well as Jewish concepts assumptions frequently engender fifty-seven countries organized under of soul, influenced Christian theology conflict between a theological perspec- the Islamic Conference. With well over as it sought to deal with questions tive and ways of understanding the one billion Muslims and extensive about the soul including both its origin natural world based on observation. material resources, the Islamic world (pre-existence, traducianism, In several instances the popularity of is disengaged from science and the creationism) and when and how the such assumptions appears to be based process of creating new knowledge. soul becomes joined to flesh. Early more on perceived moral imperatives, One indicator is that Islam has given biological theories generally affirmed than on sound theological reasoning. only two Nobel laureates to date, an epigenetic position, that is, they This presentation will evaluate three Abdusalam from Pakistan in 1979 and asserted the development of the fetus specific assumptions that have often Ahmed Zewail from Egypt in 1999. from unformed matter to formed been held by Christians regarding the matter, and the various theological relationship between body and soul, All of this is especially puzzling in positions were articulated in ways and it will consider some possible view of the fact that in the 9th–13th consistent with this position. consequences of the popularity of these centuries, Islam experienced its Golden In general, biology and theology views. The three assumptions to be Age, bringing about major advances in seemed to work together to explain considered here include the following: mathematics, science, and medicine. both development and ensoulment. (1) that the soul is instantaneously In fact, according to some leading Muslim scientists, this “arrested scien- However, with the development of the created at the moment of fertilization, tific development in the Muslim world microscope and under the influence of (2) that the soul is “complete” at the contributes to the present marginali- Cartesian and mechanistic philosophy, moment of its creation, and (3) that the zation of Muslims and a growing sense the epigenetic view was replaced with soul is intrinsically “better” than the of injustice and victimhood among
22 2009 ASA Annual Meeting ASTRONOMY them” which in turn provides fodder explained rationally with a variety of oceans and preventing stagnation that for the jihadist movement. What is explanations, all of which might be would inhibit the development of life. worse, if left unchecked, the jihadist wrong. Recent computer simulations have movement is poised to create a bloody In 1848, Poe took this line of thought shown that the moon stabilizes the clash of civilizations in the near future. to the extreme with his 150-page essay tilt of the earth, and thus its seasons, On July 27, 2008, Yale University Eureka in which he argued that the preventing the kind of chaotic varia- hosted a high level Christian-Muslim universe expanded from a single tions that appear to have occurred on dialogue among scholars from both primordial atom, that time and space Mars. The moon plays a role similar faiths in order to foster a better under- are the same thing, that electro- to that of Jupiter in sweeping up errant standing between Islam and the West. magnetism and light are related, comets and asteroids that would other- The question that should be raised is, and that deity must be responsible wise hit the earth, as evidenced by could an ASA-type approach among for such a universe. Poe was dismissed some of the largest craters in the solar Muslim engineers and scientists, many as a lunatic for denying the well- system. All of these factors suggest of whom take both their science and established scientific truth of the unique and unusual lunar features their religion seriously, help bring eternality and infinity of the universe, that make life on Earth possible. a rapprochement between the Western and imagination remains in the closet. civilization and the Muslim world? Monday 11:30 AM Just as we in the ASA take the Bible seriously, so do almost all Muslim Chemistry in scientists and engineers that I have ASTRONOMY Counterfactual Universes had the privilege to work with in the Rollin A King past 30 years take the Qur’an and the Monday 11:00 AM Hadith seriously. No question that Numerous investigations in physics there are serious differences between Importance of the Moon and cosmology over the last several decades have established many ways the Christian faith and Islam, the Bible for Life on Earth and the Qur’an. However, are there in which the existence of complex life Joseph L Spradley some common grounds that can be depends upon the values of the fostered as one tool against Islamic The earth’s moon in its origin, size, and fundamental constants. John Barrow fundamentalism, in which the ASA location plays a unique and essential emphasizes the “need to know all can play a catalytic role. For example, role for the existence of life on Earth. those constants of Nature whose values an article by a Muslim scientist The earth’s moon is the largest moon provide necessary conditions for the bemoans the fact that Islamic in the solar system in relation to its existence of observers” (New Theories intellectuals are rejecting Darwin and host planet and appears to have of Everything [Oxford: Oxford Univer- most are embracing creationism. formed in a unique way compared sity Press, 2007], 135). The generic observers referred to also require In this presentation, we will briefly to all other moons, by a giant grazing collision. Such a collision probably a suitable biochemistry, and little review the Golden Age of Islam, is known about the dependence then look at factors that have arrested removed greenhouse gases that would have trapped excessive heat on the of chemistry on the values of the scientific development in the past physical constants. seven centuries, compare the creation earth, leaving it uninhabitable with accounts in the Qur’an and the Bible, a thick greenhouse atmosphere like I will report on the extension of and then attempt some possible that of Venus. The collision also fine-tuning investigations into the dialogue with concerned Muslim thinned the earth’s crust and added domain of chemistry, achieved by scientists and engineers, who are open internal heat to produce plate tectonics, applying the tools of computational to seek harmony between their faith in helping to build continents and control quantum chemistry to investigate a Creator and the scientific endeavor. climate. It strengthened Earth’s hypothetical chemistries that would magnetic field enough to deflect result if the constants had different dangerous cosmic rays by adding Monday 10:00 AM values, given the observed physical iron to the core and speeding its laws. Specifically, the dependence of Edgar Allan Poe’s Big Bang Theory rotation rate. When the moon was a variety of basic chemical quantities and the Power of Imagination young and closer to the earth, it would on the values of the fine-structure have had enormous tides that would Harry Lee Poe constant and the electron-proton have washed minerals into the oceans mass ratio will be summarized. In 1841, Edgar Allan Poe introduced that were necessary for early life. the first mystery story (“Murders in Among a plethora of results, it is found Tides caused by the moon slowed the the Rue Morgue”) with a discussion that if the fine-structure constant were earth’s rotation rate so that hurricane- of the limitations of empiricism and larger, covalent bonds between light strength winds would be reduced rationalism, insisting that the great atoms would be weaker, and the enough to permit life. They would also breakthroughs come when imagination dipole moment and hydrogen-bonding produce the tidal pools where life mediates the others. He then related ability of water would be reduced. probably began, and continue to play the first mystery story to demonstrate Conversely, an increase in the value an important role in cleansing the how the same empirical data might be of the electron-proton mass ratio
Baylor University, Waco, TX 23 ASTRONOMY increases dissociation energies in Magi to Jerusalem, like the one used to by a dynamic model of the sky and molecules such as hydrogen, oxygen, warn them against returning to Herod, solar system. By understanding the tilt and carbon dioxide. The implications but dreams leave only a message with of the NEA’s orbit when compared to of the results for the anthropic no physical evidence. However, the Earth’s orbital plane, the asteroid traces principle and the possibility of observations of a near-Earth asteroid a path in the sky that matches that life will be discussed. (NEA) make the account of the Star described by the Magi when they of Bethlehem understandable while saw it in the east, and later on their Monday 12:00 PM presenting a new perspective into way to Bethlehem. God’s revelation. The Star of Bethlehem: The most significant aspect of the NEA How a Near-Earth Asteroid Unlike the explanations that employ hypothesis is that the two encounters the pseudo-science of astrology with the asteroid can take place at Explains the Magi’s Star coupled with such heavenly bodies times constrained by recorded history, Richard G McClure as planets, novae, comets, or bright such as the co-regency of Herod’s son, In the eastern heaven, God chose to meteors, a NEA influenced by orbital the time of Zechariah’s service in the manifest the birth of his Son through mechanics would define the unique Temple, the loyalty oath that brought the appearance of “his star.” Even characteristics observed by the Magi: Mary and Joseph to Bethlehem, though Matthew uses the word “the star they had seen in the east went the year of Herod’s death, the date of translated “miracle” several times ahead of them until it stopped …” the destruction of Herod’s Temple as recorded by Josephus and Rabbi Yose in his Gospel, he does not apply it to The presentation includes PowerPoint ben Halafta, and other events. the appearance of the star. Likewise, diagrams that illustrate a potential a dream could have directed the NEA orbit mathematically determined
24 2009 ASA Annual Meeting Presenters’ Contact Information
Lin Allen Gerald Cleaver Bruce L Gordon Byron R Johnson UNC Dep. of Physics Discovery Institute Baylor University Greeley CO 80639 Baylor University Center for Science & Culture One Bear Place #97236 [email protected] One Bear Place #97316 1511 3rd Ave Ste 808 Waco TX 76798 Waco TX 76798-97316 Seattle WA 98101-1626 [email protected] Paul Arveson [email protected] [email protected] 6902 Breezewood Ter William M Jordan Rockville MD 20852 William B Collier Stanton Greer Baylor University [email protected] Dept of Chemistry Whole Tree Inc One Bear Place #97356 Oral Roberts University Waco TX 76798 Waco TX 76798-7356 Douglas Axe 7777 S Lewis Ave [email protected] bill_jordan@ baylor.edu Biologic Institute Tulsa OK 74171 16310 NE 80th St [email protected] Loren D Haarsma Robert Kaita Redmond WA 98052 2610 Heathclilff St SE Plasma Physics Laboratory [email protected] C John Collins Grand Rapids MI 49546-5622 Princeton University Covenant Theological Seminary [email protected] PO Box 451 Mario Beauregard 12330 Conway Rd Princeton NJ 08543 Université de Montréal St Louis MO 63141 John W Hall [email protected] PO Box 6128, Station Centre-ville [email protected] 450 Simcoe St Apt 712 Montréal QC H3C 3J7 Canada Victoria BC V8V 1L4 Canada Michael N Keas [email protected] Sean M Cordry [email protected] The College at Southwestern Carson-Newman College PO Box 22206 Steve A Badger Jefferson City TN 37760 Steven G Hall Fort Worth TX 76122 1111 North Glenstone Ave [email protected] 143 Doran Stadium Dr [email protected] Springfield MO 65802 Baton Rouge LA 70808 [email protected] Janel M Curry [email protected] Rollin A King Calvin College Department of Chemistry Gregory S Bennett 3201 Burton SE Dominic M Halsmer Bethel University 8715 S 68th East Ave Grand Rapids MI 49546 Oral Roberts University 3900 Bethel Dr #107 Tulsa OK 74133-5076 [email protected] School of Science and St Paul MN 55112 [email protected] Engineering, Dean [email protected] Edward B Davis 7777 S Lewis Ave Jerry R Bergman Box 3030 Tulsa OK 74037 Denis O Lamoureux 22-600 State Rt 34 Messiah College [email protected] St Joseph’s College Archbold OH 43543 One College Ave University of Alberta [email protected] Grantham PA 17027 Daniel C Harlow Edmonton AB T6G 2J5 [email protected] Department of Religion Canada Robert Bishop Calvin College [email protected] Wheaton College Kimberly C Dawes 3201 Burton St SE Wheaton IL 60187 7230 Washita Way Grand Rapids MI 49546 Johnny Wei-Bing Lin [email protected] San Antonio TX 78256 [email protected] Physics Department – Box 30 [email protected] North Park University Steven W Bradley Fred S Hickernell 3225 W Foster Ave Baylor University William A Dembski 5012 E Weldon Chicago IL 60625 One Bear Place #98006 538 Post Oak Ln Phoenix AZ 85018 [email protected] Waco TX 76798-8006 Riesel TX 76682-3424 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Perla L Manapol Carol A Hill Sustainable Rural Enterprise Walter L Bradley Charlie Duke 17 El Arco Dr Aklan State University – Main Baylor University Charlie Duke Enterprises Albuquerque NM 87123 Campus One Bear Place PO Box 310345 [email protected] Banga, Aklan, Philippines Waco TX 76798 New Braunfels TX 78131 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Jay Hollman 4412 Lake Lawford Ct Robert Mann David Campbell Dick Fischer Baton Rouge LA 70816 Dept of Physics & Astronomy Department of Biological PO Box 2245 [email protected] University of Waterloo Sciences Centreville VA 20122 Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Box 870345 [email protected] Sung Joon Jang [email protected] University of Alabama Baylor University Tuscaloosa AL 35487-0345 One Bear Place #97326 Robert J Marks II [email protected] Waco TX 76798 Baylor University [email protected] One Bear Place #97356 Waco TX 76798 [email protected]
Baylor University, Waco, TX 25 Richard G McClure Dave Rogstad Joseph L Spradley Ide P Trotter 282 Buck Bend Reasons to Believe 1207 Wakeman Ave 1215 Rock Springs Rd Georgetown TX 78628 PO Box 5978 Physics Dept Duncanville TX 75137-2839 [email protected] Pasadena CA 91117 Wheaton College [email protected] [email protected] Wheaton IL 60187 Stephen C Meyer [email protected] Dennis R Venema Discovery Institute, Director Wade C Rowatt Department of Biology Center for Science & Culture Baylor University Matthew S Stanford Trinity Western University 1511 3rd Ave Ste 808 One Bear Place #97334 Department of Psychology and 7600 Glover Rd Seattle WA 98101-1626 Waco TX 76798 Neuroscience Langley BC V2Y 1Y1 Canada [email protected] [email protected] Baylor University [email protected] One Bear Place #97334 Sara Joan Miles Craig Rusbult Waco TX 76798 Rodney J Whitefield 318 57th St Unit #303 Department of Chemistry [email protected] 6794 Heathfield Dr Kenosha WI 53140-4249 University of Wisconsin San Jose CA 95120 [email protected] Madison WI 53706-1322 Richard Sternberg [email protected] [email protected] Biologic Institute Keith B Miller 16310 NE 80th St Andrew Whitehead Department of Geology John Schneider Redmond WA 98052 3301 Colcord Ave 108 Thompson Hall Calvin College [email protected] Waco TX 76707 Kansas State University 3201 Burton St SE [email protected] Manhattan KS 66506 Grand Rapids MI 49546 Michael G Tenneson [email protected] [email protected] Evangel University Leslie Wickman 1111 N Glenstone Ave 639 Paseo de la Playa #107 John C Munday Rodney J Scott Springfield MO 65802 Redondo Beach CA 90277 1000 Regent University Dr Biology Department [email protected] [email protected] Virginia Beach VA 23464 Wheaton College [email protected] Wheaton IL 60187 Brian Thomas Ray Williams [email protected] Baylor University 1390 Tom Satterfield Ct Don Petcher One Bear Place #97356 Blairsville GA 30512 Department of Physics Paul H Seely Waco TX 76798 [email protected] Covenant College 1544 SE 34th Ave [email protected] 14049 Scenic Hwy Portland OR 97214 Ken Wolgemuth Lookout Mountain GA 30750 [email protected] James Tour 9910 S 66th East Ave [email protected] Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Tulsa OK 74133 David W Snoke Science and Technology, MS222 [email protected] James Peterson 955 LaClair St 6100 Main St 1 Tinder Ct Pittsburgh PA 15218 Houston TX 77005 Elisa Zhai Ancaster ON L9G 4C3 Canada [email protected] [email protected] Baylor University [email protected] One Bear Place #97236 Bethany N Sollereder Kenell J Touryan Waco TX 76798 Harry Lee Poe 4390 Locarno Crescent PO Box 713 [email protected] Union University Vancouver BC V6R 1G3 Canada 24266 Navajo Rd 1050 Union University Dr [email protected] Indian Hills CO 80454 Jackson TN 38305 [email protected] [email protected]
26 2009 ASA Annual Meeting Index of Presenters
A Allen, Lin ...... 15, 25 Arveson, Paul ...... 13, 25 Axe, Douglas ...... 19, 25
B Badger, Steve A ...... 8, 11, 25 Beauregard, Mario ...... 6,25 Bennett, Gregory S ...... 14,25 Bergman, Jerry R ...... 17,25 Bishop, Robert ...... 11, 25 Bradley, Steven W ...... 20,25 Bradley, Walter L ...... 21, 25
C Campbell, David ...... 20, 25 Cleaver, Gerald ...... 6, 11, 25 Collier, William B ...... 17, 25 Collins, C John ...... 18, 25 Cordry, Sean M ...... 16, 25 Curry, Janel M ...... 10, 25
D Davis, Edward B ...... 22, 25 Dawes, Kimberly C ...... 16, 25 Dembski, William A ...... 10, 20, 25 Duke, Charlie ...... 6, 25
F Fischer, Dick ...... 9, 25
G Gordon, Bruce L ...... 12, 25 Greer, Stanton ...... 21, 25
H Haarsma, Loren D ...... 18, 25 Hall, John W ...... 12, 25 Hall, Steven G ...... 16, 25 Halsmer, Dominic M ...... 21, 25 Harlow, Daniel C ...... 18, 25 Hickernell, Fred S ...... 13, 25 Hill, Carol A ...... 8, 25 Hollman, Jay ...... 16, 25
Baylor University, Waco, TX 27 J Jang, Sung Joon ...... 7, 25 Johnson, Byron R ...... 7, 25 Jordan, William M ...... 21, 25
K Kaita, Robert ...... 19, 25 Keas, Michael N ...... 11, 25 King, Rollin A ...... 23, 25
L Lamoureux, Denis O ...... 9, 25 Lin, Johnny Wei-Bing ...... 15, 25
M Manapol, Perla L ...... 6,25 Mann, Robert ...... 6, 25 Marks, Robert J II ...... 20, 25 McClure, Richard G ...... 24, 26 Meyer, Stephen C ...... 18, 26 Miles, Sara Joan ...... 22, 26 Miller, Keith B ...... 14, 26 Munday, John C ...... 13,26
P Petcher, Don ...... 12, 26 Peterson, James ...... 17, 26 Poe, Harry Lee ...... 23, 26
R Rogstad, Dave ...... 12, 26 Rowatt, Wade C ...... 7, 26 Rusbult, Craig ...... 14, 26
S Schneider, John ...... 19, 26 Scott, Rodney J ...... 22, 26 Seely, Paul H ...... 8, 26 Snoke, David W ...... 20,26 Sollereder, Bethany N ...... 10, 26 Spradley, Joseph L ...... 23,26 Stanford, Matthew S ...... 6,26 Sternberg, Richard ...... 19, 26
T Tenneson, Michael G ...... 8, 11, 26 Thomas, Brian ...... 21, 26 Tour, James ...... 6, 26 Touryan, Kenell J ...... 22, 26 Trotter, Ide P ...... 17, 26
28 2009 ASA Annual Meeting V Venema, Dennis R ...... 18, 26
W Whitefield, Rodney J ...... 9,26 Whitehead, Andrew ...... 8,26 Wickman, Leslie ...... 14, 26 Williams, Ray ...... 9, 26 Wolgemuth, Ken ...... 14, 26
Z Zhai, Elisa ...... 7, 26
Baylor University, Waco, TX 29 ASA Business Meeting Agenda
Saturday, 1 August 2009, 5:30–6:30 PM, George W Truett Theological Seminary, Room 121
1. Call to order and opening prayer Ted Davis
2. Future meetings Susan Daniels
3. Secretary/Treasurer Report Susan Daniels
4. Introduction of newly elected Fellows Randy Isaac
5. Recognition of fifty years of ASA Membership Randy Isaac
6. Remembrances Randy Isaac
7. State of the ASA Randy Isaac
8. Offering for the ASA Ted Davis
9. President’s comments Ted Davis
10. Closing prayer Ted Davis
30 2009 ASA Annual Meeting