Energy Sector Data Pack

Version Final Draft

DRAFT & CONFIDENTIAL Contents Page

- Introduction to the Sector Data Pack 3

- Introduction to and Definition of the Energy Sector 3

- The Energy Sector in New Anglia 4

o Overview 5 o GVA 7 o Employment 10 o Enterprises 29 o Wages 36

- Energy Sector Skills Supply and Demand 38

o Qualifications 39 o Further Education Learning Aims analysis 40 o Apprenticeships 47 o Labour Insight Jobs tool sector analysis 50 o ‘Where the Work is’ tool sector analysis 57

- A Future View of the Energy Sector 59

- Appendices 68

o Energy sector definition

2 Introduction to the Sector Data Pack

The role of the Sector Data Pack is to bring together the latest socio-economic and labour market data and present both an up-to-date, and future view, of the sector and any underlying issues within the area that could impact upon it. Data is presented in a navigable format without comment with interpretation at this stage left to the reader The Data Pack informs the Sector Evidence Report, the key findings from which help to inform the priorities developed in the Sector Skills Plan. The Sector Evidence Report is also summarised within the Sector Skills Plan and appears in full in the its appendices. In most instances data has been analysed and presented down to local authority level. In some instances, and even where local authority data is available, it has not been presented in the data pack due to issues of unreliability and small sample sizes. This is particularly the case with data from the Annual Population Survey and the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings.

Introduction to and Definition of the Energy Sector

New Anglia’s Energy Sector is internationally significant, with major operational energy infrastructure assets and planned infrastructure development across the key industries of Offshore Wind, Oil and Gas, Nuclear and Low Carbon Renewable Energy.

The unique combination of geographical phenomena, established, deep rooted expertise and investment spanning over 50 years- has helped shape a world leading energy presence. At an aggregate level New Anglia’s combined energy output plays a pivotal role in securing the UK’s ongoing energy demands; an output that is set to grow significantly throughout the 21st century. Furthermore, the combination of development, expansion of existing assets and decommissioning programmes- draws together a sector of significant economic value and market opportunity; supported by extensive, high quality, supply chains.

For the purposes of this work we have agreed with the New Anglia LEP to follow their existing definition of the Energy sector, as detailed within the current Strategic Economic Plan (SEP) (2017). This definition focuses on the core elements of activity - oil, gas, offshore wind, onshore wind and renewable technologies and nuclear.

The Energy Sector in New Anglia

4 Overview

Energy sector contribution to the local economy

£940m

7,800

400

Source: New Anglia LEP Economic Strategy evidence base work

Energy sector contribution to growth in the local economy (2010=100)

Source: New Anglia LEP Economic Strategy evidence base work

6 Gross Value

Energy sector GVA (£m) across comparator Added (GVA) areas, 2015

New Anglia £912m

Norfolk £438m

Suffolk £474m

Aberdeen City and Aberdeenshire £2,248m

Please note that the figure for New Anglia’s Cumbria LEP £260m Energy sector GVA is different to that reported on page 6 due to a different source being used Greater Lincolnshire LEP £771m for this information. This is so to enable comparison with other areas across the UK. Heart of the South West LEP £1,207m

Humber LEP £583m

South East LEP £2,131m

Tees Valley LEP £686m

East of England Region £2,981m

Source: Sub-regional Gross Value Added (GVA), Office for National Statistics

7 Proportion of total GVA produced by the Energy sector across comparator areas, 2015

New Anglia 2.6%

Norfolk 2.4%

Suffolk 2.8%

Aberdeen City and Aberdeenshire 12.4%

Cumbria LEP 2.3%

Greater Lincolnshire LEP 3.7%

Heart of the South West LEP 3.5% Humber LEP 3.3%

South East LEP 2.5%

Tees Valley LEP 5.4%

East of England Region 2.0%

United Kingdom 3.5%

Source: Sub-regional Gross Value Added (GVA), Office for National Statistics

8 Change in Energy sector GVA across comparator areas (2010 - 2015)

Sources: Sub-regional Gross Value Added (GVA), Office for National Statistics

9 Employment

Energy sector across comparator areas, 2015

New Anglia 7,450

Norfolk 2,645

Suffolk 4,715

Aberdeen City and Aberdeenshire 33,745

Cumbria 12,485

Greater Lincolnshire 7,600 Please note that the figure for New Anglia’s Heart of the South West 5,250 Energy sector employment is different to that reported on page 6 due to a different source being Humber 6,725 used for this information. This is so to enable comparison with other areas across the UK. South East 10,040

Tees Valley 5,365

East of England 20,290

Source: Business Register and Employment Survey, Office for National Statistics

10 Proportion of employment provided by the Energy sector across comparator areas, 2015

New Anglia 1.1%

Norfolk 0.7%

Suffolk 1.5%

Aberdeen City and 11.7% Aberdeenshire

Cumbria 5.3%

Greater Lincolnshire 1.8%

Heart of the South West 0.7%

Humber 1.8%

South East 0.6%

Tees Valley 2.0%

East of England 0.8%

United Kingdom 1.0%

Source: Business Register and Employment Survey, Office for National Statistics

Energy sector employment across New Anglia, 2015

Great Yarmouth 1,700

Ipswich 1,600

Suffolk Coastal 1,000

Waveney 700

St Edmundsbury 600

South Norfolk 300

Broadland 300

Norwich 300

North Norfolk 300

King`s Lynn and West Norfolk 300

Babergh 200

Breckland 100

Mid Suffolk 100

Forest Heath 0

Source: Business Register and Employment Survey, Office for National Statistics

12 Proportion of employment provided by the Energy sector across New Anglia, 2015

Breckland 0.4%

Broadland 1.0%

Great Yarmouth 1.9% Kings Lynn and West 0.5% Norfolk North Norfolk 0.7%

Norwich 0.2%

South Norfolk 1.0%

Babergh 2.4%

Forest Heath 1.0%

Ipswich 1.8%

Mid Suffolk 2.5%

St Edmundsbury 1.1%

Suffolk Coastal 1.6%

Waveney 0.6%

Source: Business Register and Employment Survey, Office for National Statistics

13 Energy sub -sector employment: Mining / extraction, refining, manufacture, and operation of terminals and pipelines

1,635 New Anglia 1,340

950 Norfolk 900 Suffolk 690 395

Aberdeen City and 30,900 Aberdeenshire 26,760

Cumbria 10,070 10,250 2,805 Greater Lincolnshire 2,575 2015 Heart of the South West 150 290 2010 4,100 Humber 3,495 South East 1,100 1,865 2,480 Tees Valley 3,565 Source: Business Register and Employment Survey, Office for National Statistics 2,745 East 3,005

14 Energy sub-sector employment: Electricity generation, storage, and transmission (incl. fuels, nuclear, offshore, biomass) 2,480 New Anglia 1,900

310 Norfolk 270 2,120 Suffolk 1,500

510 Aberdeen City and Aberdeenshire 640 2015 Source: Business Register and Employment Survey, Office for National Statistics 2010 Cumbria 125 960 Greater Lincolnshire 615 1,910 Heart of the South West 3,550 1,110 Humber 1,440 2,150 South East 2,450 810 Tees Valley 1,880

4,300 East 2,950 15

National proportions of employees, turnover and businesses by Low Carbon and Renewable Energy (LCRE) Group, 2014

Employees (full-time 16% 3% 5% 67% 5% 4% equivalents)

Turnover (£ thousands) 23% 3% 13% 50% 3% 9%

Number of businesses 26% 4% 8% 56% 5%

0% 100% Low carbon electricity Low carbon heat Energy from waste & biomass Energy efficient products Low carbon services Low emission vehicles etc.

Source: Low Carbon and Renewable Energy Industrial activity, 2014, Office for National Statistics

National proportions of employees, turnover and businesses by Low Carbon and Renewable Energy (LCRE) Group by broads industrial group, 2014

Employees (full-time equivalents)

Turnover (£ thousands)

Number of businesses

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Manufacturing Energy and water Construction Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and storage Information and communication Real estate activities Professional, scientific, technical activities Other

Source: Low Carbon and Renewable Energy Industrial activity, 2014, Office for National Statistics

Change in Energy sector employment across comparator areas, 2010 - 2015

Source: Business Register and Employment Survey, Office for National Statistics

18 Change in Energy sector employment across New Anglia, 2010 - 2015

Babergh 429%

Breckland -33%

Broadland 31%

Forest Heath -19%

Great Yarmouth 1%

Ipswich 26%

King`s Lynn and West Norfolk 8%

Mid Suffolk 211%

North Norfolk 0%

Norwich 14%

South Norfolk -2%

St Edmundsbury -4%

Suffolk Coastal 9%

Waveney 156%

Source: Business Register and Employment Survey, Office for National Statistics

Top 5 Energy sub sectors (in employment terms), 2015

Source:

Top growth Energy sub sectors with 100 employees or more

Source:

21 Energy sector location quotients across comparator areas, 2015

Location quotients (LQs) are a useful way of showing a sectors importance to the local economy relative to the national picture. The analysis presented here uses employment with an LQ above 1 showing a higher concentration than nationally, and an LQ of below than 1 a lower concentration.

Source: Business Register and Employment Survey, Office for National Statistics

22 Energy sector location quotients across New Anglia, 2015

Source: Business Register and Employment Survey, Office for National Statistics

Energy sub sectors with 100+ employees and location quotients (LQs) above 1

Source: Business Register and Employment Survey 2015, Office for National Statistics

Full time, part time, and self-employment in the Energy Sector, 2015

New Anglia 57% 29% 14%

Energy 83% 8% 9%

0% Full time Part time Self Employed 100%

Source: New Anglia LEP Economic Strategy evidence base work

Change in full time, part time, and self-employment in the Energy sector, 2010 - 2015

18.3% Full time 8.7% Energy

New Anglia

-9.4% Part time 2.1%

-47.6% Self employed 10.0%

Source: New Anglia LEP Economic Strategy evidence base work

0% 100%

New Anglia LEP 35% 23% 21% 22% Norfolk 35% 22% 21% 22% Suffolk 36% 23% 20% 21% Workplace Energy sector Cumbria LEP 28% 31% 20% 21% Greater Lincolnshire LEP 34% 22% 21% 24% employment 2011 by broad Heart of the South West LEP 33% 27% 19% 20% Standard Occupational Humber LEP 35% 22% 20% 23% Classification (SOC) across South East LEP 40% 24% 17% 20% Tees Valley LEP 28% 28% 23% 20% comparator areas Source: 2011 Census, Office for National Statistics

East of England Region 37% 27% 18% 19%

England 35% 28% 17% 20%

112 Production Managers and Directors

212 Engineering Professionals

311 Science, Engineering and Production Technicians

812 Plant and Machine Operatives

0% 100%

Breckland 40% 18% 15% 27% Broadland 42% 22% 15% 21% Great Yarmouth 29% 27% 24% 20% King`s Lynn and West Norfolk 30% 18% 26% 26% Workplace Energy sector North Norfolk 41% 18% 19% 22% employment 2011 by broad Norwich 31% 25% 26% 19% Standard Occupational South Norfolk 35% 27% 19% 20% Babergh 38% 21% 15% 26% Classification (SOC) across Forest Heath 34% 18% 24% 25% New Anglia Ipswich 35% 27% 19% 19% Source: 2011 Census, Office for National Statistics Mid Suffolk 39% 20% 22% 19% St Edmundsbury 40% 20% 21% 19% Suffolk Coastal 28% 36% 18% 19% Waveney 36% 18% 21% 26% 112 Production Managers and Directors 212 Engineering Professionals 311 Science, Engineering and Production Technicians 812 Plant and Machine Operatives

28 Enterprises

Energy sector enterprise numbers across comparator areas, 2016

New Anglia 375

Norfolk 185

Suffolk 190 Please note that the figure for New Anglia’s Energy sector enterprises is different to that reported on page 6 due to a different source being used for this information. This is so to enable Aberdeen City and Aberdeenshire 360 comparison with other areas across the UK.

Cumbria LEP 175

Greater Lincolnshire LEP 270

Heart of the South West LEP 500

Humber LEP 210

South East LEP 835

Tees Valley LEP 115

East of England Region 1,385

Source: UK Business Counts, Office for National Statistics

29 Energy sector enterprises as a proportion of total

enterprises across comparator areas, 2016

New Anglia 0.6%

Norfolk 0.6%

Suffolk 0.7%

Aberdeen City and Aberdeenshire 1.6%

Cumbria LEP 0.7%

Greater Lincolnshire LEP 0.7%

Heart of the South West LEP 0.7%

Humber LEP 0.7% South East LEP 0.5%

Tees Valley LEP 0.7%

East of England Region 0.5%

England 0.6%

Source: UK Business Counts, Office for National Statistics

Energy sector enterprise numbers across New Anglia, 2016

Suffolk Coastal 35

Norwich 30

Mid Suffolk 30

North Norfolk 25

King`s Lynn and West Norfolk 25

Breckland 25

St Edmundsbury 20

South Norfolk 20

Broadland 20

Waveney 15

Great Yarmouth 15

Forest Heath 15

Babergh 15

Ipswich 5

Source: UK Business Counts, Office for National Statistics

Energy sector enterprises as a proportion of total enterprises across New Anglia, 2016

Babergh 0.4%

Breckland 0.5%

Broadland 0.4%

Forest Heath 0.6%

Great Yarmouth 0.5%

Ipswich 0.1%

King`s Lynn and West Norfolk 0.5%

Mid Suffolk 0.6%

North Norfolk 0.6%

Norwich 0.7%

South Norfolk 0.4%

St Edmundsbury 0.4%

Suffolk Coastal 0.6%

Waveney 0.4%

Source: UK Business Counts, Office for National Statistics

32 New Anglia 90% 7% 3%

Cumbria LEP 93% 7%

Greater Lincolnshire LEP 89% 8% 2% Heart of the South West LEP 91% 7% 1% Energy sector enterprises Humber LEP 89% 7% 4% South East LEP 90% 8% 2% by size across Tees Valley LEP 94% 2% 2% comparator areas, 2016 Aberdeen City 82% 9% 5% 3% Aberdeenshire 94% 3% 1%

East of England Region 90% 7% 2% Please note that at Local Authority level that England 89% 8% 2% businesses employing more than 250 people are not reported due to their very small numbers and No. of employees resulting disclosive nature. Micro (0 to 9) Small (10 to 49) Medium-sized (50 to 249) Large (250+) Source: UK Business Counts, Office for Babergh 88% 13% National Statistics Breckland 100% Broadland 100% Forest Heath 100% Great Yarmouth 89% 4% 7% Ipswich 100% Energy sector King`s Lynn and West Norfolk 100% Mid Suffolk 100% enterprises by size North Norfolk 90% 10% Norwich 93% 7% across New Anglia, 2016 South Norfolk 100% St Edmundsbury 100% Suffolk Coastal 100% Waveney 95% 5%

33 Change in Energy enterprises across comparator areas, 2010 - 2016 New Anglia 29%

Norfolk 28%

Suffolk 46%

Aberdeen City and Aberdeenshire 38%

Cumbria LEP 35%

Greater Lincolnshire LEP 35%

Heart of the South West LEP 72%

Humber LEP 31%

South East LEP 62%

Tees Valley LEP 35%

East of England Region 49%

England 60% Source: UK Business Counts, Office for National Statistics

Babergh -40%

Breckland 25%

Broadland 300%

Forest Heath 200%

Great Yarmouth -25% Change in Energy Ipswich 0% enterprises across New King`s Lynn and West Norfolk 0% Anglia, 2010 - 2016 Mid Suffolk 100% Sources: UK Business Counts, Office for National Statistics North Norfolk 25%

Norwich 200%

South Norfolk 100%

St Edmundsbury 0%

Suffolk Coastal 40%

Waveney 0%

35 Wages Energy sector wages – Median gross annual pay all employees (UK) £45£,24557,2 57 ProPdurocdtiuocnt imona nmaagnearsg earnsd a dnidre dcitroercst oinr sm inin mingin ianngd a ennde ergnye r(g1y1 2(131)23) (3%) £43£,84138,8 18

£41£,14412,1 42 MecMheacnhicaanl iceanlg einnegeinrse e(r2s1 2(221)22) (2%) £40£,14508,1 58 Source: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, £44£,64346,6 36 ElecEtlreiccatrl iceanlg einnegeinrse e(r2s1 2(231)23) (4%) Office for National £43£,04531,0 51 Statistics £46£,34766,3 76 ElecEtlreocntircosn iecnsg einnegeinrse e(r2s1 2(241)24) (20%) £38£,53187,5 17

£38£,43886,4 86 ProPdurocdtiuocnt iaond a pnrdo cperoscse esnsg einnegeinrse e(r2s1 2(271)27) (4%) £36£,83665,8 65

£30£,83803,8 83 Figures in brackets ElecEtlreiccatrl icaanld a enlde cetlreocntircosn itcesc htencichiannicsia (n3s1 1(321)12) (3%) denote percentage £30£,13100,1 10 change between 2014 and 2016 £34£,63540,6 50 EngEinnegeinrienegr integc htencichiannicsia (n3s1 1(331)13) (4%) £33£,13735,1 75

£29£,12295,1 25 PlanPnlainngn,i npgr,o cperoscse asnsd a pnrdo dpurocdtiuocnt itoenc htencichiannicsia (n3s1 1(361)16) (0.1%) £29£,12094,1 04 20126016

£25£,62650,6 60 20124014 ScieSnccieen, ceen,g einnegeinrienegr inagn da pnrdo dpurocdtiuocnt itoenc htencichiannicsia nn.se .nc..e (.3c1. 1(391)19) (1%) £25£,52057,5 07

£29£,02994,0 94 EneErgnye rpglya nptl aonpte orapteivraetsiv (e8s1 2(841)24) (6%) £27£,32473,3 43 36 Energy sector wages – Median gross annual pay full time employees (UK)

£45,257 Production managers and directors in mining and energy (1123) (4%) £43,452

£41,745 Mechanical engineers (2122) (2%) £40,759

Source: Annual Survey £44,802 (3%) of Hours and Earnings, Electrical engineers (2123) £43,698 Office for National Statistics £46,511 Electronics engineers (2124) (12%) £41,446

£38,648 Production and process engineers (2127) (5%) £36,916 Figures in brackets £32,530 denote percentage Electrical and electronics technicians (3112) (8%) £30,203 change between 2014 and 2016 £35,039 Engineering technicians (3113) (4%) £33,652

£29,570 (-0.3%) Planning, process and production technicians (3116) £29,672 2016 £26,276 Science, engineering and production technicians n.e.c. (3119) (-1%) 2014 £26,526

£31,440 Energy plant operatives (8124) (8%) £29,109

Energy Sector Skills Supply and Demand

38 Qualifications

Production (Agriculture, Energy and Water) Workplace Qualifications across Comparator Areas, 2011 New Anglia 19% 17% 17% 14% 19% 14%

Cumbria LEP 20% 19% 18% 13% 19% 11%

Greater Lincolnshire LEP 20% 18% 17% 13% 17% 15%

Heart of the South West LEP 18% 18% 19% 14% 20% 10%

Humber LEP 18% 17% 18% 15% 20% 13%

South East LEP 17% 17% 17% 13% 21% 14%

Tees Valley LEP 14% 15% 16% 17% 25% 14%

Source: 2011 Census, Office for National Statistics

East of England Region 18% 17% 17% 13% 21% 13%

England 16% 17% 17% 14% 25% 12%

No qualifications Level 1 qualifications

Level 2 qualifications Level 3 qualifications

Level 4 qualifications and above Apprenticeships and other qualifications

39 FE Learning

Aims

All data (unless stated otherwise) is sourced from the Department for Education’s Further Education data library https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/fe-data-library-local-authority-tables#history

In order to present information that is relevant to New Anglia LEPs high performing and underpinning sectors then we have identified FE and skills provision data split by Sector Lead Body and aligned a best-fit with each sector.

The Sector Lead Bodies identified as being the most relevant to the Energy sector are: Chemicals, Life sciences, Pharmaceuticals, Nuclear, Oil, Gas, Petroleum, Polymer; Energy & Utility; and Engineering Construction Industry.

However, not all FE and Skills learning aims align with a sector lead body. In fact, on average around two thirds are classed as unknown. This means that we are basing results here on roughly a third of the data.

Please note that all data is rounded to the nearest 10 and that therefore some figures presented may not add to the sum totals presented.

Energy sector learning aims delivered to New Anglia learners by Sector Lead Body, 2012/13 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

New Anglia 230 170 100

National 13,100 11,400 2,500

Chemicals, Life sciences, Pharmaceuticals, Nuclear, Oil, Gas, Petroleum, Polymer

Energy & Utility

Engineering Construction Industry

Source: FE Data Library, Department for Education

Energy sector learning aims delivered to New Anglia learners by Sector Lead Body, 2010/11 and 2012/13

580

270 230 170 100 70

2010/11 2012/13

Chemicals, Life sciences, Pharmaceuticals, Nuclear, Oil, Gas, Petroleum, Polymer

Energy & Utility

Engineering Construction Industry

Source: FE Data Library, Department for Education

Change in Energy sector learning aims delivered to New Anglia learners by Sector Lead Body, 2010/11 – 2012/13

11% Total inc. Unknown 9%

4% Total not inc. Unknown 7%

-46% Energy -12%

Chemicals, Life sciences, Pharmaceuticals, Nuclear, Oil, -15% Gas, Petroleum, Polymer 7%

-71% Energy & Utility -29%

43% Engineering Construction Industry 0%

Source: FE Data Library, Department for Education New Anglia National

Energy sector learning aims delivered to New Anglia residents by New Anglia based and external providers by Sector Lead Body, 2012/13

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Energy 170 330

Chemicals, Life sciences, Pharmaceuticals, Nuclear, Oil, Gas, 40 190 Petroleum, Polymer

Energy & Utility 30 140

Engineering Construction Industry 100 -

Total inc. unknown 158,480 52,170

Total with unknown removed 55,340 24,770

New Anglia Provider External Provider

Source: FE Data Library, Department for Education

44 Energy learning aims delivered to New Anglia learners by domiciled providers by Sector Lead Body, 2010/11 and 2012/13

210

100

70 60 40 30

2010/11 2012/13

Chemicals, Life sciences, Pharmaceuticals, Nuclear, Oil, Gas, Petroleum, Polymer Energy & Utility Engineering Construction Industry

Source: FE Data Library, Department for Education

Change in Energy sector learning aims delivered to New Anglia learners by domiciled providers by Sector Lead Body, 2010/11 – 2012/13

5% Total inc. Unknown 9%

-38% Total not inc. Unknown 7%

-50% Energy -13%

Chemicals, Life sciences, Pharmaceuticals, Nuclear, -43% Oil, Gas, Petroleum, Polymer 7%

-86% Energy & Utility -29%

67% Engineering Construction Industry 0%

New Anglia National Source: FE Data Library, Department for Education

46 Apprenticeships

Energy sector apprenticeship starts by year

8 5

15 6 5

5 5 5

5 5 15 10 5 5

2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 Engineering Construction Sustainable Resource Management The Gas Industry The Power Industry The Water Industry

Source: Skills Funding Agency Data Cube

47 Apprenticeship participation by sector, 2014/15

Human health and social work activities 5,840

Wholesale and retail trade 2,560

Accomodation and food service activities 1,900

Manufacturing 1,820

Construction 1,740

Administrative and support service activities 1,350

Education 1,330

Professional, scientific and technical activities 900

Other service activities 780

Arts, entertainment and recreation 680

Public administration and defence 570

Transportation and storage 540

Financial and insurance activities 520

Information and communication 370

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 350

Real estate activities 290

Mining and Quarrying 50

Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation acitivities 40

Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 10 Source: FE Data Library, Department for Education

48 Apprenticeship participation in the Energy sector 2014/15 as a proportion of total participation

0.2%

New Anglia 0.05%

0.2%

0.1%

East of England 0.04%

0.4%

0.04%

UK 0.4%

0.5%

Mining and Quarrying Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation acitivities

Source: FE Data Library, Department for Education

49 Labour Insight

Jobs

The following section presents data from Labour Insight, a Burning Glass analytical tool. This tool collects details of online job postings from multiple sources and enables the analysis of these postings based on specific skills, educational requirements, and job titles, for example. Please note that whilst Labour Insight will capture more information on the jobs market than more traditional Department for Work and Pensions vacancy data, the fact that not all job vacancies are advertised means that there will still be gaps in the findings.

According to the Labour Insight Jobs tool, then there were 1,654 postings for the sector in New Anglia between Jan. 1, 2012 and Dec. 31, 2016. The definition for the Energy sector in this exercise is wider than that we have defined using SIC codes (and is in fact in line with that used to approximate GVA for the sector) but it still provides us with some useful information on vacancy numbers and types. The definition used in this exercise captures the following industry and sectors: ‘Mining and Quarrying’, and ‘Electricity, Gas, Steam, and Air Conditioning supply’.

50 Location

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Great Yarmouth

Norwich

Ipswich

Waveney

St Edmundsbury

Breckland

Broadland

Suffolk Coastal

South Norfolk Forest Heath Energy sector vacancies Mid Suffolk across New Anglia, Jan King's Lynn and West Norfolk 2012 – Dec 2016 North Norfolk 228 unspecified or unclassified postings Babergh Source: Labour Insight Jobs, Burning Glass Technologies

51 Recruiters

Beacon Hill Resources E.ON UK Industry Resource Services Ltd Top Energy Twinserve Ltd Dereham Water Supplies International Ltd Sector Employers BFEU Global across New The Great Yarmouth Advertiser BP Anglia, Jan 2012 Utilita Haven Power – Dec 2016 Arc Norwich Ltd 968 unspecified or unclassified postings Royal Dutch Shell Source: Labour Insight Jobs, Burning Glass Technologies Drax Group Forum Energy Baker Hughes Incorporated Southern Electric China Africa Resources National Grid Expro International Group Condor Resources SSE PLC Big Green Company Edf Energy Fugro Centrica 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

52 Occupation Health & safety officers (3567) Plant and machine operatives n.e.c. (8129)

Sales related occupations n.e.c. (7129) Estimators, valuers and assessors (3531) Quality assurance and regulatory professionals (2462) Energy sector Science, engineering and production technicians n.e.c. (3119) vacancies by Production and process engineers (2127) Design and development engineers (2126) occupation, Jan Sales supervisors (7130) 2012 – Dec 2016 Other skilled trades n.e.c. (5449) 15 unspecified or unclassified postings Metal working machine operatives (8125) Source: Labour Insight Jobs, Burning Production managers and directors in manufacturing (1121) Glass Technologies Sales and retail assistants (7111) Other administrative occupations n.e.c. (4159)

Sales accounts and business development managers (3545) Quarry workers and related operatives (8123) Managers and proprietors in other services n.e.c. (1259) Engineering technicians (3113)

Mechanical engineers (2122) Programmers and software development professionals (2136) Plumbers and heating and ventilating engineers (5314) Engineering professionals n.e.c. (2129)

Electrical and electronic trades n.e.c. (5249) Business sales executives (3542) Civil engineers (2121)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

53 Job Title Receptionist Drilling Engineer Shot Blaster Petroleum Engineer Operations Technician Energy sector Commercial Gas and Oil Fired Service Breakdown Engineer vacancies by job title, Instrumentation Technician Electrical Technician Jan 2012 – Dec 2016 Control and Automation Engineer 0 unspecified or unclassified postings Business Development Executive Business Development Executive Source: Labour Insight Jobs, Burning Glass Meter Reader Technologies Safety Engineer Supervisor Systems Engineer Merchandiser Sales Consultant Engineering Manager Diamond Driller Project Engineer - Oil & Gas Sales Engineer Process Engineer Structural Engineer Sales Manager Sales Executive

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

54 Qualification Requirements

13 25

63 143 Energy sector vacancies by qualification level required, Jan 2012 – Dec 2016 1,252 unspecified or unclassified postings Source: Labour Insight Jobs, Burning Glass Technologies 73

Bachelor's degrees, graduate certificates and diplomas

Level 4 diplomas and certificates, HNCs, Level S/NVQs

GCSEs, Standard Grades, and Level 2 S/NVQs

A-Levels, Highers, and Level 3 S/NVQs

Foundation degrees and HNDs

Post graduate degrees, Level 5 S/NVQs, certificates and diplomas

55 Skills

Requirements

Operations Management Technical Support Energy sector Procurement Sales Management vacancies by skills Computer Aided Draughting / Design (CAD) Supervisory Skills required, Jan 2012 Business Development Sales Engineering – Dec 2016 Engineering Industry Background 536 unspecified or unclassified postings Customer Contact Source: Labour Insight Jobs, Burning Budgeting Glass Technologies Workplace Health and Safety Microsoft Office Mechanical Engineering Contract Management Business Management Repair Microsoft Excel Renewable Energy Inspection Customer Service Sales Civil Engineering Wind Power Project Management 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

56 Where the Work is

The following analysis makes use of data and findings available via the online toolkit http://wheretheworkis.org/ . The findings presented are a result of combining data from the UKCES ‘Working Futures’ programme and job vacancy data from the Labour Market Insight tool developed by Burning Glass.

Limitations Though the ‘Where the work is’ tool provides the a comprehensive and detailed free-to-use dashboard of supply and demand in the UK, the following limitations should be taken into account when interpreting the data:

- Senior Management and Elementary roles Occupations not open to recent HR graduates or FE finishers are not considered. Similarly, occupations that do not require any formal qualifications or training are also excluded from this tool, since the number of job-seekers cannot be meaningfully quantified.

- Matching supply and demand Some occupations do not have specific qualifications or subject-specific requirements (such as sales, marketing and related associate professionals). As a result of this, and despite the fact that many people with a broad range of qualifications can apply for these occupations, they frequently appear ‘undersupplied’ in the tool, i.e. when the “job opportunity” is low. Occupations with very small sample sizes (either of finishers or job postings) are excluded from the dataset.

- Internal and international migration Some occupations do not rely solely on FE finishers or HE graduates from their immediate location. Many people travel to find work, often moving across the country. Other occupations, such as those on the Migration Advisory Committee’s shortage occupation list, may rely more heavily on jobseekers arriving from outside the UK.

- Online and offline postings Burning Glass Technologies (BGT) acknowledge that not all jobs are posted online, although a comparison of the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) employment data and BGT postings data for UK in 2014 showed a 94 per cent correlation between ASHE and BGT occupational distributions. The BGT posting data slightly overestimate the proportion of professional and associate professional occupations, while slightly underestimating the proportion of elementary occupations.

Location Quotient - Measure of Job Posting Engineering Techs 0.85 Density relative to employment indexed to the national density relative to employment

Number of Job Postings asking for entry-level (2 years of experience or fewer) and school Engineering Techs 173 331 226 leaver education levels, further education levels, and higher education levels School leaver FE HE

£30,500 Engineering Techs £32,100 Advertised Salaries for Job Postings in 2015 £39,900 New Anglia East of England England

45 Opportunity Score - Score based on the Engineering Techs 58 Demand Supply Ratio of FE postings 50 within a geography, from Very Low (0) to New Anglia East of England England Very High (100)

A Future View of the Energy Sector

The following analysis uses data from the East of England Forecasting Model (EEFM) and the UKCES Working Futures data (WF). In each case an Energy sector has been approximated from the sector splits available in each model. In the case of the East of England Forecasting Model then ‘Mining & Quarrying’, ‘Utilities’, and ‘Waste & Remediation’ have been summed to produce a definition of the Energy sector. For the Working Futures data, ‘Mining & Quarrying’, ‘Electricity & Gas’, and ‘Water & Sewerage’ have been summed.

Please note that neither model, or the forecasts they produce, take into account the New Anglia LEPs ambitions for growth in Gross Value Added (GVA) and employment.

60 Forecasts for change in Energy sector employment in New Anglia (2010 = 100) 170

160

150

140

130

120

110

100

90 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Mining & Quarrying (EEFM) Utilities (EEFM) Waste & Remediation (EEFM) Energy (EEFM) Mining & quarrying (WF) Electricity & Gas (WF) Water & Sewerage (WF) Energy (WF)

Sources: East of England Forecasting Model, Cambridge Econometrics; UKCES Working Futures 2014 - 2024

Occupational composition of employment in New Anglia’s EnergyEner gsectory over time 100% 8% 10% 10% 10% 10%

19% 80% 20% 17% 17% 16% 6% 5% 5% 5% 5% 60% 16% 16% 15% 17% 16% 7% 6% 8% 7% 40% 8% 15% 16% 14% 13% 15%

16% 16% 20% 18% 15% 15%

9% 11% 12% 13% 14% 0% 2004 2009 2014 2019 2024

Elementary occupations Process, plant and machine operatives Sales and customer service Caring, leisure and other service Skilled trades occupations Administrative and secretarial Associate professional and technical Professional occupations Managers, directors and senior officials Source: UKCES Working Futures 2014 - 2024

62 Mining and Quarrying Electricity and Gas Mining & Quarrying Electricity & Gas 100% 100%

11% 11% 13% 13% 10% 29% 31% 28% 80% 37% 80% 47% 24% 24% 25% 25% 25% 60% 15% 60% 13% 15% 5% 8% 8% 7% 4% 14% 4% 10% 4% 11% 13% 3% 12% 18% 40% 14% 12% 40% 17% 17% 11% 15% 3% 15% 10% 23% 24% 20% 25% 20% 20% 20% 20% 21% 22% 14% 17% 12% 7% 8% 10% 11% 7% 9% 10% 10% 11% 0% 0% Advan0c%ed Manufacturing & Engineering 2004 2W00a9ter & Se22w001e04r4age200920129014 201290242024 2004 2009 2014 2019 2024 100% 0% 10% 12% 12% 17% 16% 16% 16% 13%15%14% Managers, directors and senior officials 11% 12% 80% 20% 14% 14% 15% Professional occupations 21% 2113%% 20% 20% 23% 14% Associate professional and technical 14% 15% 8% 16% 60% 40% 8% Administrative and secretarial 7% 7% 12% 12% 11% 11% 7% 13% 24% Skilled trades occupations 23% 7%22% 6% 9% 60% 7% 21% 20% 40% 8% Caring, leisure and other service 16% 153%% 2% 15% 12% 12% 3% 3% 3% Sales and customer service 80% 20% 22% 19% 12%19% 17%12% 11% 12% 11% 16% Process, plant and machine operatives 147%% 8% 15%8% 8%15% 8% Elementary occupations 12% 12% 100% 0% Source: UKCES Working Futures 2014 - 2024 2004 Water2009 & 2Sewerage014 2019 2024 63 Energy sector replacement and expansion demand by occupation (top 5 in terms of net requirement), 2014 - 2024 -1,000 1,000 3,000 5,000

All occupations

Transport and mobile machine drivers and operatives

Science, research, engineering and technology professionals

Corporate managers and directors

Business and public service associate professionals

Skilled metal, electrical and electronic trades

Expansion demand Replacement demand Net requirement Source: UKCES Working Futures 2014 - 2024 64

Energy sector replacement and expansion demand as a proportion of employment by occupation, 2014 - 2024

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0% All Transport Science, Corporate Business Skilled metal, occupations and mobile research, managers and public electrical and machine engineering and directors service electronic drivers and and associate trades operatives technology professionals professionals

Expansion demand Replacement demand Net requirement

Source: UKCES Working Futures 2014 - 2024

65 Energy sector replacement and expansion demand by qualification, 2014 - 2024 -500 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000

QCF 7-8

QCF 4-6

QCF 3

QCF 2

QCF 1

No Qual

Expansion Demand Replacement Demand Please note that the Working Futures data uses the following breakout of qualification levels:

QCF8 - Doctorate QCF7 - Other higher degree QCF6 - First degree QCF5 - Foundation degree; Nursing; Teaching QCF4 - HE below degree level QCF3 - A level & equivalent QCF2 - GCSE (A-C) & equivalent QCF1 - GCSE (below grade C) & equivalent No Q - No Qualification

Energy sector qualifications, 2014 - 2024

2024 10% 35% 18% 23% 11% 3%

Source: UKCES Working Futures 2014 - 2024

2014 7% 27% 21% 23% 15% 7%

QCF 7-8 QCF 4-6 QCF 3 QCF 2 QCF 1 No Qual

Please note that the Working Futures data uses the following breakout of qualification levels:

Appendices

68 Appendix 1 – Energy sector definition

The following five digit SIC codes are being used to measure levels of, and change in, both employment and business numbers in the sector. Please note that multipliers have been applied to those SIC codes under ‘Maritime support services (excl. distribution) and ‘Logistical support and distribution activities (excl. mains and pipelines) in order to only capture the elements of these activities that directly relate to the energy sector. This is in line with the methodology used to define the sector in the New Anglia Local Economic Strategy evidence base work.