Arachnology (2017) 17 (6), 317–322 317 Further records from the Republic of the Material and methods Sudan Collection and localities

Manal Siyam Specimens documented here were collected from four Sudan Natural History Museum, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, localities in three states, all in the eastern part of the Republic Aljamaa avenue – P.O. Box 321, of the Sudan. Material was collected during summer (April– Republic of Sudan June) and autumn (August–October) in the years 2011 to 2014. Dates for individual specimens are given below. At Jason A. Dunlop each site ground were collected using pitfall traps. Museum für Naturkunde, Web-builders were largely collected by hand. Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, From Red Sea State, we sampled two sites. The first was D-10115 Berlin, Germany Toker (18°42.5986′N 37°72.7497′E, 22 m a.s.l.), where the email: [email protected] Toker delta has some of the most fertile soils in Sudan. The second was Khalig Dongonab (21°08.33′N 37°13.33′E). It Peter Jäger belongs to the Dongonab Bay National Park which has been Senckenberg Research Institute, Senckenberganlage 25, declared a marine protected area for Sudan. This National D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Park lies 125 km north of Port Sudan and covers 60 km of coastline and a shallow bay with a wide diversity of marine and coastal habitats. Abstract From Kassala State, we sampled from New Halfa (15°31.667′N 35°6′E, 351 m a.s.l.). New Halfa has rela- The present work offers records of six species of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from three localities in the eastern part of tively fertile soil and consists of highly uniform alluvial the Republic of the Sudan. Three represent new species records clay with heavily textured vertisols that swell when wet for the country. Artema kochi (Kulczyński, 1901) () and crack when dry. Spiders were collected from a house, was collected in New Halfa in Kassala State. Pardosa observans a reservoir farm and a Moringa farm in village number 22. (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876) (Lycosidae) was found in the Dinder National Park in Sennar State, while Pterotricha dalmasi The final sampling site was the so-called ‘crocodile lake’ (Fage, 1929) (Gnaphosidae) was recorded from Toker and in Khor galago in the Dinder National Park (12°39′3.81″N Khalig Dongnab in Red Sea State. Additionally, the previously 35°1′8.12″E, 467 m a.s.l.). The Dinder National Park is recorded species, Eusparassus walckenaeri (Audouin, 1826) a significant source of data for the spider fauna in that it (Sparassidae) is recorded for the first time from the Dinder National Park in Sennar state, and Langona alfensis (Heciak transverses the Sudano–Sahelian and the Ethiopian ecolog- & Prószyński, 1983) and Menemerus fagei (Berland & Millot, ical zones. The park as a whole crosses the boundaries of 1941) (both Salticidae) are reported for the first time from New three states, Sennar, El-Gedaref, and Blue Nile State, but Halfa in Kassala State. the specific locality accessed in this study can be assigned Keywords: Araneae • distribution • East Africa • faunistics to Sennar State.

Introduction Documentation

Distribution records for spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) in As in our previous study (Siyam, Dunlop & El Hennawy the East African Republic of the Sudan remain at a largely 2015), specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol and preliminary stage. A literature-based survey was provided deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (ZMB) and by Dunlop & Siyam (2014), further emended by Siyam, the Senckenberg Research Institute Frankfurt (SMF). Initial Dunlop & El-Hennawy (2015) who added several new identification to family level drew principally on- Dippe records to yield a total of 119 spider species. Clearly, for naar-Schoeman & Jocqué (1997), supplemented by the a tropical country of this size with a wide range of habitats specialist literature for individual genera and species. Speci­ this can only be a fraction of the total Sudanese spider biodi- mens were photographed using a Leica Z16 Microsystem versity. Based on further investigations, with a focus on the running the software Leica Application Suite. Image stacks eastern states, we can add here three new species records; were combined using Helicon Focus and digitally cleaned one each from the families Pholcidae, Lycosidae and and assembled using Adobe Photoshop CS5. Some speci- Gnaphosidae. We also provide three new locality records mens were also prepared for scanning electron micrography for one species of Sparassidae and two species of Salticidae (SEM). SEMs were made using a Zeiss Evo Ls 10, also at previously recorded in other Sudanese states. These new the ZMB. Material was critical point dried using a Leica records bring the total spider species count for the Republic Cpd 030 drier and sputter-coated with gold/platinum using of the Sudan to 122. a Quarum Technologies SC7640 device. 318 Further spider records from Sudan

Figs. 1–6: New spider species country records for the Republic of Sudan. 1–3 Artema kochi Kulczyński, 1901 (Pholcidae), 4–6 Pardosa observans O. Pick- ard-Cambridge, 1876 (Lycosidae). 1 body in dorsal view; 2 SEM of male pedipalps, ventral view; 3 same, lateral view; 4 body in dorsal view; 5 SEM of male pedipalps, ventral view; 6 same, lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm.

Family Pholcidae C. L. Koch, 1850 two dissimilar parts: external part like a vesicle, internal part produced into a long apophysis; bulb with small alve- Artema Walckenaer, 1837 olus, globose or oval in shape. Female lacks an epigyne but has swollen, elongated and sclerotized area on underside of Artema kochi Kulczyński, 1901 (Figs. 1–3) abdomen. Remarks: The natural distribution of Artema Walckenaer, Material examined: 1♂, 2♀, several juveniles, ZMB 1837 ranges from North Africa to Central Asia (Aharon, 48707, Republic of the Sudan, Kassala State, New Halfa, Huber & Gavish-Regev in press). The includes some village 22, from a house (15°31.667′N 35º6′E, 351 m a.s.l.), of the largest pholcid spiders. So far, only the synanthropic leg. M. Siyam, 05 April 2012, 26 June 2013, 10 August A. atlanta Walckenaer, 1837 has been recorded from East 2014, det. M. Siyam & B. Huber. Africa (Huber & Warui 2012). The species composition of Description: Male/female body of medium size (length c. Artema is complicated by, for example, much unpublished 5 mm), carapace pale cream, abdomen round to oval, dark material in existing museum collections as well as some grey with black spots, clothed with few layers of fine setae. regions being only poorly sampled. A. atlanta has been Male pedipalp large and complex, patella very small, tibia a particular source of confusion, which is mirrored in the large and swollen, either oval or globose; tarsi divided into long list of synonyms, misidentifications, and erroneous M. Sayam, J. A. Dunlop & P. Jäger 319 synonymizations. As case in point is A. kochi Kulczyński, Description: Male/female medium sized (body length 1901, which is widely regarded as a junior synonym of c. 5 mm), carapace pale brown, abdomen oval and grey- A. atlanta, but will be revalidated by Aharon, Huber & ish-brown covered with dense setae, cluster of curved setae Gavish-Regev (in press). We confirm here the discovery of present on anterior edge. Male embolus with long filamen- A. kochi at New Halfa (Kassala State), which represents a tary portion; median apophysis with apical hook carried on new species record for the Republic of the Sudan. Artema broad stem; brown nearly oblong tibial apophysis ends with atlanta has also been recorded from several Sudanese local- large, slightly bent tip. Female epigyne black, thickly scle- ities (Reimoser 1927). rotised and with small anterior depression. For a detailed description see Levy (1995). Remarks: Species of Pterotricha are known throughout Family Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833 the Old World, primarily from the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia. Pterotricha dalmasi closely resem- Pardosa C. L. Koch, 1847 bles P. conspersa (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872), but can be separated by the larger eyes and more precisely by the Pardosa observans O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876 (Figs. form of the male palpal sclerites and tibial apophysis and 4–6) by the shape of the female epigyne. P. dalmasi was previ- ously known from Algeria, Egypt, Israel and Jordan, and Material examined. 1♂; ZMB 48788a; pedipalp as an was recently recorded by El-Hennawy (2014) from Saudi SEM preparation (48788b), Republic of the Sudan, Sennar Arabia, too. Its present discovery across the Red Sea in State, Dinder National Park, Khor Galago, crocodile lake eastern Sudan is thus unsurprising and the specimens from (12°39′3.81″N 35°1′8.12″E, 467 m a.s.l.), leg. M. Siyam. 06 Toker and Khalig Dongnab (both Red Sea State) represent a April 2013, det. A. Russell-Smith. Description of male: Body medium sized (length c. 16 new country record for the Republic of the Sudan. mm), body colour brown with yellow patterning on carapace and abdomen, yellow setae covering the eye area. Median Family Sparassidae Bertkau, 1872 apophysis of male pedipalp short, stout, obtusely pointed, with a slightly pointed spur at its base nearly as long as the Eusparassus Simon, 1903 process itself, with which it forms by its orientation a very obtuse angle. Terminal apophysis present and five spines Eusparassus walckenaeri (Audouin, 1826) (Figs. 10–12) occupying distal cymbium. For a detailed description see Pickard-Cambridge (1876). Material examined: 3♂, 1♀; SMF 65248, 65261, Remarks: Pardosa C. L. Koch, 1847 includes many, Republic of the Sudan, Sennar State, Dinder National Park, often variable, species some of which are extremely widely Khor Galago, cooling circle (12°39′3.81″N 35°1′8.12″E, distributed across East Africa. Pardosa observans O. Pick- 467 m a.s.l.), leg. M. Siyam. 08 April 2013. det. M. Siyam ard-Cambridge, 1876, which was originally described under & P. Jäger. Lycosa Latreille, 1804, may be closely related to Pardosa Description: Male/female body medium sized to large inopina (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876), but is somewhat (length males 18.9–19.5 mm, female 21.4), carapace brown, smaller and its colouration is generally less distinct. The abdomen oval, often with dark, median, heart-shaped mark; present discovery of Pardosa observans in the Dinder clothed with dense layer of fine setae. Males are distinctly National Park (Sennar State) represents a new species darker than the female. For a detailed description see record for the Republic of the Sudan. Previous records of Moradmand (2013). this species were restricted to Egypt, Morocco and Libya Remarks: Species identification in the walckenaeri (as “Italian Cyrenaica”) (e.g. Capporiaco 1936). Note that species group is difficult. Moradmand, Schönhofer & Jäger Pardosa injucunda O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876 has also (2014) showed, by molecular results that, for example, been recorded from Sennar State (Reimoser 1927). E. walckenaeri and E. laevatus (another possible identity for our material) are two distinct species. We relied in the Family Gnaphosidae Pocock, 1898 present case mainly on the shape of the median septum, which is considerably smaller in E. laevatus (Simon, Pterotricha Kulczyński, 1903 1897). Males are not easy to distinguish (Moradmand, pers. comm.), but those discovered here in the Dinder National Pterotricha dalmasi Fage, 1929 (Figs. 7–9) Park are considered conspecific with the female due to their size. Eusparassus walckenaeri is the only hitherto recorded Material examined: 3♂; two in alcohol (ZMB 48789a), species in the Republic of the Sudan and is known from one as an SEM preparation (48789b), Republic of the Khartoum (Simon 1907), Omdurman (Reimoser 1927) and Sudan, Red Sea State, Toker (15°31.667′N 35°6′E, 351 m Port-Sudan (Moradmand, Schönhofer & Jäger 2013). The a.s.l.), leg. M. Siyam, 09 October 2011, det. M. Siyam & present record of Eusparassus walckenaeri in the Dinder M. Chatzaki. 1♀; ZMB 48790 as an SEM preparation only, National Park (Sennar State) is thus a new state record for Republic of the Sudan, Red Sea State, Khlalig Dongnab Sudan. This species has also been recorded from nearby (21°08.33′N 37°13.33′E), leg. E. El-Faki, 19 May 2013, det. countries/regions such as Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia and M. Siyam & M. Chatzaki. the Arabian Peninsula. 320 Further spider records from Sudan

Figs. 7–12: New spider species country and state records for the Republic of Sudan. 7–9 Pterotricha dalmasi Fage, 1929 (Gnaphosidae), 10–12 Eusparassus walckenaeri (Audouin, 1826) (Sparassidae). 7 body in dorsal view; 8 SEM of male pedipalps, ventral view; 9 same, semi-lateral view; 10 body in dorsal view; 11 photograph of male pedipalps, ventral view; 12 same, lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm (7), 5 mm (10).

Family Salticidae Blackwall, 1841 M. Siyam, 23/26 June 2013 and 11 August 2014, det. G. Azarkina. Langona Simon, 1901 Description: Male body small (length c. 6 mm); carapace dark brown with lateral white setae forming longitudinal Langona alfensis Hęciak & Prószyński, 1983 bands from eyes through thorax down to hind margin, eye field covered with dense reddish setae. Abdomen short, Material examined: 2♂, 3♀, 1 juv., ZMB 48791a (one tapering to a point posteriorly with three whitish bands ♂ as an SEM preparation 48791b), Republic of the Sudan, separating three brown bands. Male bulbus long, filling Kassala State, New Halfa, village 22, Reservoir farm & major part of cymbium, embolus a short coil and mostly Moringa Forest (15°31.667′N 35°6′E, 351 m a.s.l.), leg. concealed, base with conspicuous protuberance, tibial M. Sayam, J. A. Dunlop & P. Jäger 321

Figs. 13–17: New jumping spider species records (state and locality respectively) for the Republic of the Sudan. 13–15 Langona alfensis Hęciak & Prószyńs- ki, 1983 (Salticidae), 16–17 Menemerus fagei Berland & Millot, 1941. 13 body in dorsal view; 14 SEM of male pedipalps, ventral view; 15 same, lateral view; 16 body in dorsal view; 17 SEM of female epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars = 2 mm. apophysis short and pointed. For a detailed description see (Northern State). This renders the present discovery of the Hęciak & Prószyński (1983). species in New Halfa (Kassala State) a new state record. Remarks: The genus Langona Simon, 1901 contains L. alfensis has also been found in Ethiopia (Wesołowska & a group of poorly known, specialized species of jumping Tomasiewicz 2008). spider, closely related to Aelurillus Simon 1884 and Phlegra Simon 1876. Langona forms a southern Old World group, which overlaps in its distribution with Aelurillus in North Menemerus Simon, 1868 Africa, the Near East and Central Asia. The type species of the genus, Langona redii (Savigny & Audouin, 1825), is known from Egypt and the south-eastern Mediterranean. Menemerus fagei Berland & Millot, 1941 L. alfensis Hęciak & Prószyński, 1983 appears to be closely related to L. redii, but exhibits slight differences in the male Material examined: 2♀: ZMB (both as SEM prepara- pedipalp. Hęciak & Prószyński (1983) previously recorded tions), the Republic of the Sudan, Kassala State, New Halfa, L. alfensis from the Republic of the Sudan at Wadi Halfa village 22, Reservoir farm (15°31.667′N 35°6′E, 351 m 322 Further spider records from Sudan a.s.l.), leg. M. Siyam, 05 April 2012, 23 June 2013, det. M. HĘCIAK, S. & PRÓSZYŃSKI, J. 1983: Remarks on Langona Simon Siyam & G. Azarkina. (Araneae, Salticidae). Annales Zoologici 37: 207–233. HUBER, B. A. & WARUI, C. M. 2012: East African pholcid spiders: Description of female: Body small (length c. 6 mm), cara- an overview, with descriptions of eight new species (Araneae, pace dark brown with yellow setae covering eye region and Pholcidae). European Journal of 29: 1–44. central part of carapace, white setae forming narrow stripes KOCH, C. L. 1847: Die Arachniden. Nürnberg: C. H. Zeh: 14: 89–210, along lateral margins of carapace, abdomen covered with 15: 1–136, 16: 1–80. KOCH, C. L. 1850: Übersicht des Arachnidensystems. Nürnberg: C. H. dense yellowish brown setae. Abdomen rather elongate and Zeh: 5: 1–77. slender, light brown with yellowish pattern. Female epigyne KULCZYŃSKI, W. 1901: Arachnoidea in Colonia Erythraea a Dre K. M. large with two oval depressions, strongly sclerotized and Levander collecta. Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzen Wydzialu partially plugged with a waxy secretion. For a detailed Matematyczno Przyrodniczego Akademji Umiejetnosci 41: 1–64. KULCZYŃSKI, W. 1903: Aranearum et Opilionum species in insula Creta description see Wesołowska (1999). a comite Dre Carolo Attems collectae. Bulletin International de Remarks: Menemerus Simon, 1868 was erected for l’Academie des Sciences de Cracovie 1903: 32–58. M. heydenii Simon, 1868, which later turned out to be LEVY, G. 1995: Revision of the spider subfamily Gnaphosinae in Israel a junior synonym of M. semilimbatus (Hahn, 1827). (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Journal of Natural History 29: 919–981. MORADMAND, M. 2013: The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus Wesołowska (1999) previously recorded Menemerus fagei (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with Berland & Millot, 1941 from the Republic of the Sudan revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675: 1–108. in the White Nile State, Kassala, and additionally from MORADMAND, M., SCHÖNHOFER, A. L. & JÄGER, P. 2014: Khartoum. 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