AvailableBellingham on-line et al.: at: Island http://www.newzealandecology.org/nzje/ restoration 115 special issue: Feathers to Fur The ecological transformation of Aotearoa/New Zealand New Zealand island restoration: seabirds, predators, and the importance of history Peter J. Bellingham1*, David R. Towns2, Ewen K. Cameron3, Joe J. Davis4, David A. Wardle1, 5, Janet M. Wilmshurst1 and Christa P.H. Mulder6 1Landcare Research, PO Box 40, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand 2Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68-908, Auckland, New Zealand 3Auckland Museum, Private Bag 92018, Auckland, New Zealand 4Ngāti Hei Trust, PO Box 250, Whitianga, New Zealand 5Department of Forest Vegetation Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S 901 83 Umeå, Sweden 6Department of Biology and Wildlife & Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA *Author for correspondence (Email:
[email protected]) Published online: 6 October 2009 Abstract: New Zealand’s offshore and outlying islands have long been a focus of conservation biology as sites of local endemism and as last refuges for many species. During the c. 730 years since New Zealand has been settled by people, mammalian predators have invaded many islands and caused local and global extinctions. New Zealand has led international efforts in island restoration. By the late 1980s, translocations of threatened birds to predator-free islands were well under way to safeguard against extinction. Non-native herbivores and predators, such as goats and cats, had been eradicated from some islands. A significant development in island restoration in the mid-1980s was the eradication of rats from small forested islands. This eradication technology has been refined and currently at least 65 islands, including large and remote Campbell (11 216 ha) and Raoul (2938 ha) Islands, have been successfully cleared of rats.